J-S63022-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

RONDALE MALIK GETER

Appellant No. 181 WDA 2017

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Dated February 23, 2016

In the Court of Common Pleas of Blair County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-07-CR-0000710-2015

BEFORE: BOWES, J., SOLANO, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY SOLANO, J.: FILED DECEMBER 27, 2017

Appellant Rondale Malik Geter appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed after a jury convicted him of acquisition of a controlled substance

by misrepresentation, possession of a controlled substance with intent to

deliver, participation in a corrupt organization through racketeering activity,

conspiracy (corrupt organizations, and acquisition of a controlled substance

by misrepresentation), dealing in proceeds of unlawful activity, identity

theft, forgery, and criminal use of a communication facility.1 We affirm.

The relevant procedural facts are as follow. On May 1, 2015, the

Commonwealth2filed a criminal information charging Appellant with thirty- seven counts related to his involvement in a criminal organization which

____________________________________________

1 35 P.S. §§ 780-113(a)(12) and (30); 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 911(b)(3), 903,

5111(a)(1), 4120(a), 4101(a)(3), and 7512(a).

2 The Commonwealth was represented by members of the Attorney

General’s office.
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presented fraudulent prescriptions to pharmacies for the purposes of

acquiring and selling Oxycodone.3 On June 3, 2015, the Commonwealth filed

a Notice of Trial Joinder,4joining Appellant’s case with that of his co- defendant, Kevin Andrews. The Commonwealth alleged that Andrews was

the head of the organization and created the false prescriptions; Appellant

was an assistant who recruited and drove the “runners” (who would enter

the pharmacies and fill the forged prescriptions using someone else’s

identification) along with Andrews to the pharmacies.

On July 29, 2015, Appellant filed an omnibus pre-trial motion, which

included a motion to sever his case from that of Andrews. During the

hearing on the motion to sever (on November 9, 2015), Appellant argued

that many of the witnesses would testify as to Andrews’ involvement, but

that those witnesses had “nothing to do” with Appellant, who, he alleged,

only entered the operation towards the end of the charged time frame. N.T.,

11/9/15, at 12-15. The Commonwealth responded that Appellant’s charges

and Andrews’ charges covered the same time period and alleged the same

crimes, and argued that many of the witnesses at separate trials would

overlap. Id. at 22-24. The Commonwealth explained that Appellant’s

position in the management of the drug operation would “fit in the second

____________________________________________

3 The information charging Appellant was date-stamped by the office of the

Prothonotary on April 24, 2015, but filed on the docket on May 1, 2015.

4 The notice was not included in the certified record.
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layer,” under Andrews’ direction. Id. at 24-25. Although it did not make a

ruling during the hearing, the court noted —

this isn’t a case where Mr. Andrews is charged with homicide and

his case is going to be tried because there is some case law that

says that if there’s a prejudicial, you know, if some very serious

charge is against one person that isn’t allege against another

person then that could create potential prejudice[.]

N.T., 11/9/15, at 15. On November 16, 2015, the trial court denied the

motion to sever.

The trial of Appellant and Andrews5took place over seven days,

commencing on December 7, 2015. The Commonwealth presented over

thirty witnesses, including Agent Duane Musser, who testified regarding his

investigation into forged prescriptions that have been used to acquire

prescription drugs at pharmacies throughout Pennsylvania.6 Musser’s

investigation led him to the names of approximately 25 other people

involved in passing the forged prescriptions, including Appellant. See N.T.

12/7/17, at 87.

Many of the witnesses’ testimony directly implicated Andrews, but not

____________________________________________

5 Throughout the trial, Andrews represented himself pro se, and defended

solely on the theory that he is a “sovereign citizen.” See Commonwealth v.

McGarry, 172 A.3d 60, 65-66 (Pa. Super. 2017) (rejecting a “sovereign

citizen” defense as frivolous).

6 The court allowed Agent Musser to testify as an expert “with regards to the

illegal acquisition of controlled substance[s], particularly prescription

medications, as well as the use of forged prescriptions concerning the

obtaining of that type of prescription medication.” See N.T., 12/7/15, at 52- 61.
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Appellant.7 Several others (including Dalila Torres, Jennifer Freeman, Albert

Boykin, and Kristen Berry) testified that they filled forged prescriptions for

Andrews, and that Appellant was also present or driving the car at the time

that they went to the pharmacies, were given money and false prescriptions,

and were paid in exchange for returning with Oxycodone. Andrews would

then stash the pills in a hidden compartment in a door of the car. See N.T.,

12/8/15, at 134-35, 157, 160-63, 167; N.T., 12/10/15, at 8-11, 19, 26;

N.T. 12/14/15, at 77-78, 87; 119-23, 136. At least one witness (Dalila

Torres) testified that Andrews sold the pills. See N.T., 12/8/15 at 140.8

Other testimony further implicated Appellant. Kandice Leonard- Rasheed testified that Appellant would be in a different car on the occasions

that she helped Andrews acquire drugs using forged prescriptions. However,

she overheard several telephone conversations between Andrews and

Appellant about filling forged prescriptions, and, more than once, witnessed

Andrews retrieve the pills hidden in the side-panel before exiting his car and

getting into Appellant’s car. See N.T., 12/8/15, at 193-98.

Raheem Hall testified that he also acquired Oxycodone for Andrews,

who would both forge the prescriptions and sell the pills. See N.T. 12/9/15,

at 59-61, 66-67. Hall testified that Andrews met with Appellant almost every

____________________________________________

7 The Commonwealth presented approximately fourteen law enforcement

officers, three experts in the field of the analysis of controlled substances,

and six people who helped obtain prescriptions for Andrews.

8 The Commonwealth also presented evidence that Appellant bailed Torres

out of jail. See N.T., 12/8/15, at 34-35, 38, 138, 163.
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day, and that Appellant would also be present when Andrews would pay Hall.

Id. at 69-76, 86. Over Appellant’s objection, Hall testified that Andrews once

told Hall that Appellant was a driver for the forged-prescription operation.9

Finally, Floria Coffey testified that Appellant offered her a chance to

“make some money,” and on several occasions took her to fill fake

prescriptions, which he obtained from Andrews. Appellant took her to several

different pharmacies on several different days,10 but they were only

____________________________________________

9 The exchange was as follows:

[ATTORNEY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH]: Okay. Did you have

any conversations with either Andrews or [Appellant] about what

[Appellant] was doing?

[MR. HALL]: Yeah, Andrews told me that ---

[ATTORNEY FOR [APPELLANT]: Objection hearsay.

[ATTORNEY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH]: Statements of a

coconspirator, Your Honor.

[THE COURT]: I will overrule and I will allow the questions.

[ATTORNEY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH]: What did Andrews tell

you about [Appellant]?

[MR. HALL]: He was also a driver.

[ATTORNEY FOR THE COMMONWEALTH]: Did he tell you

anything else about what [Appellant] was doing?

[MR. HALL]: Taking people out to bust scripts.

N.T. 12/9/15, at 71-72.

10 On cross-examination, Coffey admitted that she could not recall if she

went out with Appellant three times, as she testified on direct examination,

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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successful at the first pharmacy on the first day. On that occasion, Appellant

gave her a prescription and $100, and, after passing the forged prescription,

Coffey gave Appellant 90-120 Oxycodone pills. Appellant paid her and put

the pills in a plastic wrapper and concealed them. Coffey testified that she

did not observe Appellant deliver the drugs to anyone, but that Appellant

then met with Andrews at a rest-stop for fifteen minutes, after which

Appellant said he no longer had the pills. N.T., 12/14/15, at 148-71, 175,

182-85.

On December 15, 2015, the jury convicted Appellant of the nine

crimes listed above.11 Appellant was sentenced on February 23, 2016, to an

aggregate of fourteen to twenty-eight years’ incarceration.12

(Footnote Continued) _______________________ or six times, as she had testified before the Grand Jury. See N.T., 12/14/15

at 180-82, 185.

11 By the time the case went to the jury, Appellant faced twenty-nine

counts; on the charges of acquisition of a controlled substance by

misrepresentation, possession with intent to deliver, identity theft, forgery,

and criminal use of a communication facility, the Commonwealth asked the

jury to find Appellant guilty of five counts of each crime. Each count spanned

a different period of several months between February 1, 2013, and

December 31, 2014. For each offense, the jury found Appellant not guilty for

the first four counts (spanning February 1, 2013 to September 11, 2014),

and convicted Appellant of the fifth count (spanning September 12, 2014

and December 31, 2014). Appellant was charged with just one count of each

of the following: corrupt organizations, conspiracy (corrupt organizations),

dealing in the proceeds of unlawful activity, and conspiracy (acquisition of a

controlled substance by misrepresentation); each count spanned the period

between February 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, and Appellant was

convicted on each count. Andrews was convicted of all twenty-nine counts.

12 Appellant’s sentences for acquisition (7 to 14 years’ incarceration),

identity theft (3 to 6 years’ incarceration), forgery (1 to 2 years’

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Appellant filed a motion for reconsideration on March 1, 2016, arguing

that his sentence was excessive due to his negligible criminal record and

minimal involvement with Andrews’ drug scheme. The trial court denied the

motion on March 3, 2016.

Appellant appealed on April 1, 201613; however, this Court dismissed

that appeal for Appellant’s failure to file a docketing statement pursuant to

Pa.R.A.P. 3517. See Commonwealth v. Geter, 498 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super.)

(per curiam order, June 3, 2016). The trial court appointed new counsel for

Appellant, and on January 5, 2017, after a hearing, reinstated Appellant’s

direct appeal rights.14 Appellant filed a new notice of appeal on January 20,

2017.15

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

incarceration), and criminal use of communication facility (3 to 6 years’

incarceration) were ordered to run consecutively. The other sentences to

incarceration were set to run concurrently.

13 Following that appeal, Appellant filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement,

raising six issues. The trial court wrote a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion

addressing those issues.

14 The order is dated January 3, 2017, but was date stamped by the

Prothonotary on January 5, 2017, and docketed as filed that day. In the

order, the court stated, “counsel for [Appellant] has today made an oral

request for relief under the Post-Conviction Relief Act with said relief being

the reinstatement of [Appellant’s] direct appeal rights,” and noted that the

Commonwealth did not object to the reinstatement of Appellant’s appellate

rights.

15 The trial court did not order Appellant to file a new Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

statement following the filing of the second notice of appeal, and did not

author a new Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion. Instead, on March 17, 2017, the

trial court addressed a letter to this Court which stated:

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Appellant raises the following four issues in his brief:

I. Whether the trial court erred in denying Appellant Rondale

Geter's motion to sever his case from co-defendant Kevin

Andrews' case where co-defendant represented himself

and sought to raise a defense under the Uniform

Commercial Code, and the evidence was so overwhelming

as to co-defendant Andrews as to accumulate to prejudicial

effect against Mr. Geter.

II. Whether the trial court erred in admitting hearsay

evidence which tended to incriminate Mr. Geter in violation

of the evidentiary prohibition against hearsay and the

Confrontation Clause of the Constitution.

III. Whether the Commonwealth failed to adduce sufficient

evidence at trial to establish each and every element of

each and every crime for which Mr. Geter was convicted

beyond a reasonable doubt.

IV. Whether the sentencing court imposed a manifestly unjust,

unduly harsh aggregate sentence of fourteen (14) to

twenty-eight (28) years incarceration by running several of

the sentences consecutively given the nature of the case

and length of sentence.

Appellant’s Brief at 6 (capitalization omitted).

Motion to Sever

Appellant first argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to

sever. See Appellant’s Brief at 17-20. “The decision whether to sever trials

of co-defendants is within the sound discretion of the trial court and will not

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

In accordance with Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b) please

be advised that I will be relying on the record in the above

captioned matter. I believe that my Opinion of May 23, 2016

adequately addresses many of the preserved objections in the

case. I believe that other preserved objections are adequately

addressed in the record.

Letter, 3/17/17.
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be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of that discretion.”

Commonwealth v. Smith, 985 A.2d 886, 903 (Pa. 2009), cert. denied, 562 U.S. 842 (2010).

Appellant argues that the majority of the Commonwealth’s

“voluminous, complex, and compelling” evidence was used against Andrews

and thereby unfairly prejudiced Appellant, for whom the evidence was

“paltry in comparison.” See Appellant’s Brief at 17-20. Appellant contends

that the vast majority of witnesses “conceded that [Appellant] did not

participate in Mr. Andrew’s acquisition of prescription drugs — he was merely

along for the ride,” and posits that Appellant “was quite literally found guilty

by association.” Id. at 19. Appellant adds that this is evinced by his

conviction on only one count for each crime, “in [a la] carte fashion,”

whereas the jury found Andrews guilty of all counts on all charges. Id.

Appellant relies on Commonwealth v. O'Neil, 108 A.3d 900, 906 (Pa.

Super.), appeal denied, 117 A.3d 296 (Pa. 2015), in which we held that

the trial court erred in denying the defendant’s motion to sever her case

from that of her co-defendant. Appellant asserts that we held severance was

appropriate in that case because “the vast majority of the evidence

pertained only to the co-defendant’s actions, and the case was ‘fraught with
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difficulty’ in separating the evidence of the co-defendant’s actions from that

implicating [the defendant].” Appellant’s Brief at 18.16

The Commonwealth responds that “The evidence incriminating

[Appellant] was elicited each day of the trial and his involvement in the

operation was directly interwoven with the modus operandi of Andrews’

organization — [to] create fraudulent prescriptions, drive runners to fill the

prescriptions, and pay the runners after the prescriptions were filled.”

Commonwealth’s Brief at 14. The Commonwealth argues that —

granting severance would have required the Commonwealth to

present the same evidence at a separate trial. The

Commonwealth would have to explain the organization, Andrews’

role, [Appellant’s role], and the modus operandi. This is

particularly so for the conspiracy, corrupt organizations, and

dealing in unlawful proceeds counts, which necessarily involve

the actions of [Appellant] and Andrews. Judicial economy, and

the similarity of the evidence against Appellant and Andrews,

established that the trial court used reason when denying

[Appellant’s] severance motion.

Id. at 16-17.

Severance of defendants is governed by Rules 582 and 583 of the

Rules of Criminal Procedure. Rule 582 states, in relevant part, “Defendants

charged in separate indictments or informations may be tried together if

they are alleged to have participated in the same act or transaction or in the

same series of acts or transactions constituting an offense or offenses.”

____________________________________________

16 Appellant also complains that he was prejudiced by Andrews’ pro se

representation and reliance on an unsuccessful “sovereign citizen” defense.

Appellant’s Brief at 19. Appellant provides no additional authority in support

of his argument that his co-defendant’s defense was a basis for severance.
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Pa.R.Crim.P. 582(a)(2); see also O'Neil, 108 A.3d at 906 (explaining that

Rule 582(a)(2) applies to situations where two defendants will be jointly

tried). Rule 583, however, provides that “[t]he court may order separate

trials of offenses or defendants, or provide other appropriate relief, if it

appears that any party may be prejudiced by offenses or defendants being

tried together.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 583. Our Supreme Court has provided the

following guidance:

When conspiracy is charged, a joint trial generally is advisable.

In ruling upon a severance request, the trial court should

consider the likelihood of antagonistic defenses. A claim of mere

hostility between defendants, or that one defendant may try to

exonerate himself at the expense of the other, however, is an

insufficient basis upon which to grant a motion to sever. Indeed,

this Court has noted that the fact that defendants have

conflicting versions of what took place, or the extents to which

they participated in it, is a reason for rather than against a joint

trial because the truth may be more easily determined if all are

tried together. Instead, severance should be granted only where

the defenses are so antagonistic that they are irreconcilable —

i.e., the jury essentially would be forced to disbelieve the

testimony on behalf of one defendant in order to believe the

defense of his co-defendant. Thus, a defendant claiming error on

appeal has the burden of demonstrating that he suffered actual,

not speculative, prejudice because of the ruling permitting a

joint trial.

Commonwealth v. Brown, 925 A.2d 147, 161-62 (Pa. 2007) (quotation

marks, citations, and footnote omitted)17; see also 18 Pa.C.S. § 903(d).18

____________________________________________

17 See also Commonwealth v. Housman, 986 A.2d 822, 834 (Pa. 2009)

(“[T]he fact the co-defendants blamed one another is insufficient to warrant

separate trials based on antagonistic defenses. Mere finger[-]pointing alone — the effort to exculpate oneself by inculpating another — is insufficient to

warrant a separate trial. Indeed, if truth is the goal, having all the

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to

sever. Although the extent of Andrews’ direct involvement in the forged- prescription scheme was greater than that of Appellant, and although some

of the evidence over the seven-day trial established Andrews’ guilt on counts

as to which Appellant was not convicted, Appellant and Andrews were

charged with essentially the same crimes, and with conspiracies to commit

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

finger[-]pointing before the same fact-finder is quite efficacious” (quotation

marks and citations omitted)), cert. denied, 562 U.S. 881 (2010).

18 Section 903(d) states:

Joinder and venue in conspiracy prosecutions.—

(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this

subsection, two or more persons charged with criminal

conspiracy may be prosecuted jointly if:

(i) they are charged with conspiring with one another;

or

(ii) the conspiracies alleged, whether they have the

same or different parties, are so related that they constitute

different aspects of a scheme of organized criminal conduct.

(2) In any joint prosecution under paragraph (1) of this

subsection:

(i) no defendant shall be charged with a conspiracy in

any county other than one in which he entered into such

conspiracy or in which an overt act pursuant to such conspiracy

was done by him or by a person with whom he conspired;

(ii) neither the liability of any defendant nor the

admissibility against him of evidence of acts or declarations of

another shall be enlarged by such joinder; and

(iii) the court shall order a severance or take a special

verdict as to any defendant who so requests, if it deems it

necessary or appropriate to promote the fair determination of his

guilt or innocence, and shall take any other proper measures to

protect the fairness of the trial.
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those crimes. It therefore was necessary for the jury to hear not just

evidence related to Appellant’s actions in furtherance of the conspiracy, but

of Andrews’ actions as well. See Commonwealth v. Lambert, 795 A.2d

1010, 1016 (Pa. Super.) (en banc) (holding defendant liable for acts of co- conspirators), appeal denied, 805 A.2d 521 (Pa. 2002).

In addition, as the trial court noted, the evidence relating to the counts

faced by Andrews was not more provocative or prejudicial than the evidence

relating to Appellant, as it established the same type of criminal activity as

that with which Appellant was charged. Nor was the additional testimony

relating to Andrews’ involvement so complex as to induce confusion on the

part of the jury, which consistently found Appellant guilty of crimes

committed during the period between September 12, 2014, and

December 31, 2014, and found Appellant not guilty of the charges related to

the other time periods. The jury’s lesser verdict for Appellant indicates that

the jury understood and contemplated the separate levels of involvement of

Appellant and Andrews. Moreover, the defenses rendered by Appellant and

Andrews were not irreconcilable. Andrews’ did not deny his involvement, and

Appellant did; the jury therefore did not have to reject Andrews’ defense in

order to believe Appellant’s defense.

Finally, we disagree that O’Neil mandates severance in this case. In

O’Neil, we discussed at length the impropriety of jointly trying co- defendants when one defendant was charged with murder and the other co- defendant was not charged with either murder or conspiracy to commit
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murder, or where one co-defendant was charged with a host of unrelated

and more serious offenses. See O’Neil, 108 A.3d at 906-12. We held that

despite the overlapping evidence between the defendant’s corrupt

organizations charge and the counts against her codefendant, the egregious

charges presented against the codefendant (including “seven counts of first- degree murder based on the deaths of seven newborn infants, and third

degree murder in the death of [‘one mother during a botched abortion’]”)

and the “inflammatory and inherently prejudicial” evidence of those charges

necessitated separate trials. Id. at 901, 912-13. While we did find that

severance was proper in part because the bulk of the trial evidence was

introduced to prove the co-defendant’s crimes, it was the differences

between the nature of those crimes and the crimes of the defendant, and in

particular, the prejudicial nature of those crimes, that motivated our

decision. Id. at 912.19 Here, to the contrary, there was not such a difference

between the crimes charged against Andrews and Appellant — either in

terms of severity, or emotional nature, or the volume of evidence — that

separate trials were necessary. Therefore, Appellant’s first issue is without

merit. ____________________________________________

19 We also acknowledged the imbalance in the amount of evidence because

the defendant “was put to the added expense of defending this case for an

extended period of time that would have been unnecessary if tried

separately. Thus, counsel and the defendant sat through a two month trial,

much of which did not relate to the charges against her.” O'Neil, 108 A.3d

at 912 n.12. Here, however, Appellant’s trial lasted only seven days, and

evidence about Appellant was presented throughout the trial.
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Hearsay

Appellant claims that the trial court erred in admitting Raheem Hall’s

testimony that Andrews told him Appellant was a driver for forged- prescription runners. Appellant’s Brief at 20. The admission of evidence “is at

the discretion of the trial court and only a showing of an abuse of that

discretion, and resulting prejudice, constitutes reversible error.”

Commonwealth v. Serrano, 61 A.3d 279, 290 (Pa. Super. 2013).

The trial court admitted Hall’s testimony under the co-conspirator

exception to the rule against hearsay. See Pa.R.E. 802(25)(E). Appellant

argues that the testimony was inadmissible under that exception because

the Commonwealth did not prove that Appellant was involved in a conspiracy

at the time the statement was made. Appellant’s Brief at 25-27. Appellant

says this is evinced by the fact that Appellant was acquitted of the charges

for activity during the relevant time period20 and by Hall’s conflicting

testimony that Appellant never rode in the car with Hall and Andrews but

“was doing something separate.” Id. (citing N.T., 12.9.17, at 73).

Appellant also asserts that the statements were not made in

furtherance of the conspiracy; that is, the statements were mere “narrative

declarations” rather than statements made with “an intent to promote the

conspiratorial objective.” Appellant’s Brief at 27-28 (citing Commonwealth

v. Johnson, 838 A.2d 663 (Pa. 2003), cert. denied, 543 U.S. 1008

____________________________________________

20 Appellant does not identify the time period to which he contends the

statement at issue pertained.
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(2004)). Appellant argues that the admission of this testimony was not

harmless error, as Hall “was one of only two witnesses — among the

Commonwealth’s legion of witnesses — whose testimony directly

incriminated [Appellant].” Id. at 28.21

One exception to the rule that hearsay22 is typically inadmissible, see

Pa.R.E. 802, is that the rule does not exclude a statement when it “is offered

against an opposing party and . . . was made by the party's coconspirator

during and in furtherance of the conspiracy.” Pa.R.E. 803(25)(E). In order

for statements to be admissible under this exception, “the existence of a

conspiracy between the declarant and the defendant must be demonstrated

by a preponderance of the evidence; the statements must be shown to have

been made during the course of the conspiracy; and they must have been

made in furtherance of the common design.” Johnson, 838 A.2d at 674.

“Conspiracy may be inferentially established, for example, by relation,

conduct, or circumstances of the parties.” Id. at 675. “The order of proof is

within the discretion of the lower court, which may, upon only slight

evidence of the conspiracy, admit such statements subject to later proof of

____________________________________________

21 Appellant additionally argues that, regardless of whether Hall’s statements

were admissible under the Rules of Evidence, they violated his confrontation

rights because they lacked “indicia of reliability.” Appellant’s brief at 22-25

(citing, inter alia, U.S. Const., Amend. VI; Pa. Const., Art. 1 § 9;

Commonwealth v. Hanawalt, 615 A.2d 432 (Pa. Super. 1992)).

22 Hearsay is a statement that “(1) the declarant does not make while

testifying at the current trial or hearing; and (2) a party offers in evidence to

prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement.” Pa.R.E. 801.
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the conspiracy.” Commonwealth v. Feliciano, 67 A.3d 19, 27 (Pa. Super.)

(en banc) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 81 A.3d 75 (Pa. 2013).

We conclude that the testimony was admissible pursuant to Rule

803(25)(E). Although Hall testified that Appellant was not present in the car

and was “doing something else” when Andrews made the statements

explaining Appellants’ involvement in the conspiracy, Hall’s overall testimony

established by a preponderance of the evidence that a conspiracy existed

and that Appellant was a part of it. Hall testified that he was a runner for

Andrews, that Appellant was consistently present when Andrews would pay

Hall, and that Hall saw Appellant and Andrews together almost every day.

Appellant’s involvement in the conspiracy was therefore not established by

Andrews’ out-of-court statement alone, but by Hall’s personal knowledge.23

We also conclude that Andrews’ statement to Hall explaining

Appellant’s involvement was not idle chatter, but made at a time that

Andrews was training Hall to be a driver, and instructing Hall on the

structure of, and interaction between, the members in the conspiracy. This

type of explanatory statement — between two co-conspirators about the

involvement of the third — qualifies as a statement made in furtherance of

the conspiracy. The trial court therefore did not abuse its discretion in

admitting the statement.

____________________________________________

23 We are similarly unpersuaded that Hall’s testimony of Andrews’ out-of- court statements lacked indicia of reliability.
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Sufficiency of the Evidence

In Appellant’s third issue, he argues that five of his nine convictions

were not supported by sufficient evidence. Appellant’s Brief at 31-39.

A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is a question

of law. Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict

when it establishes each material element of the crime charged

and the commission thereof by the accused, beyond a

reasonable doubt. . . . When reviewing a sufficiency claim the

court is required to view the evidence in the light most favorable

to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit of all

reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence.

As a reviewing court, we may not weigh the evidence or

substitute our judgment for that of the fact-finder, who is free to

believe all, part, or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Chambers, 157 A.3d 508, 512 (Pa. Super.) (citations

omitted), appeal granted, 170 A.3d 1030 (Pa. 2017). A challenge to the

sufficiency of the evidence may be raised for the first time on appeal. See

Pa.R.Crim.P. 606(A)(7).

Appellant contends that the evidence was insufficient to convict him of

possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance,24 participation in a

____________________________________________

24 A person is guilty of possession with intent to deliver if he or she engages

in the following:

Except as authorized by this act, the manufacture, delivery, or

possession with intent to manufacture or deliver, a controlled

substance by a person not registered under this act, or a

practitioner not registered or licensed by the appropriate State

board, or knowingly creating, delivering or possessing with intent

to deliver, a counterfeit controlled substance.

35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).
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corrupt organization,25 conspiracy to participate in a corrupt organization,

dealing in the proceeds of unlawful activity,26 and identity theft.27 Appellant’s

arguments all stem from the fact that on some charges (including possession

with intent to deliver and identity theft) Appellant was convicted only on

counts which specified the time period of the crimes as between

September 12, 2014, and December 31, 2014, whereas he was found not

guilty on the counts spanning time periods between February 1, 2013, and

September 11, 2013. See note 11, supra.28 Appellant contends that the only

evidence relating to Appellant during the time period for which he was

convicted was the testimony of Floria Coffey, who testified that she and

Appellant were successful at passing a forged prescription on only one

____________________________________________

25 The corrupt organizations statute states that “It shall be unlawful for any

person employed by or associated with any enterprise to conduct or

participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of such enterprise’s affairs

through a pattern of racketeering activity.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 911(b)(3).

26 A person is guilty of dealing in proceeds of unlawful activity “if the person

conducts a financial transaction under any of the following circumstances:

(1) With knowledge that the property involved, including stolen or illegally

obtained property, represents the proceeds of unlawful activity, the person

acts with the intent to promote the carrying on of the unlawful activity.” 18

Pa.C.S. § 5111(a)(1).

27 “A person commits the offense of identity theft of another person if he

possesses or uses, through any means, identifying information of another

person without the consent of that other person to further any unlawful

purpose.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 4120.

28 On each of the other charges (including corrupt organizations and dealing

in the proceeds of unlawful activity), Appellant was convicted of only one

count that spanned the time period between February 1, 2013 and

December 31, 2014.
J-S63022-17

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occasion within that period. Appellant argues that Coffey’s testimony

regarding Appellant’s actions on that single occasion did not establish every

element of each of the four convictions he challenges on appeal.29

We do not agree that Appellant’s convictions relied upon Coffey’s

testimony alone. We begin with Appellant’s conspiracy charges.

A conviction for criminal conspiracy, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903, is

sustained where the Commonwealth establishes that the

defendant entered an agreement to commit or aid in an unlawful

act with another person or persons with a shared criminal intent

and an overt act was done in furtherance of the conspiracy.

The essence of a criminal conspiracy is the common

understanding that a particular criminal objective is to be

accomplished. Mere association with the perpetrators, mere

presence at the scene, or mere knowledge of the crime is

insufficient. Rather, the Commonwealth must prove that the

defendant shared the criminal intent, i.e., that the Appellant was

“an active participant in the criminal enterprise and that he had

knowledge of the conspiratorial agreement.” The defendant does

not need to commit the overt act; a co-conspirator may commit

the overt act. ____________________________________________

29 To elaborate, Appellant argues that his conviction for possession with

intent to deliver and dealing in the proceeds of unlawful activity were not

supported by sufficient evidence because Coffey’s testimony did not

establish Appellant’s intent either to deliver or to sell the Oxycodone they

illegally obtained from the pharmacy. Appellant’s Brief at 32, 37-38.

Appellant argues that the Commonwealth did not offer sufficient evidence to

prove every element of the corrupt organizations charge because Coffey’s

testimony could not establish that Appellant was involved in a pattern of

racketeering, or that Appellant and Andrews were in a group with a common

objective, or that Appellant’s single episode with Coffey constituted

substantial business with such a group. Id. at 32-37. Regarding conspiracy,

Appellant claims that the record does not present any evidence which would

establish an agreement between Appellant and another party. Id. at 37.

Finally, Appellant argues that there was insufficient evidence to convict

Appellant of identity theft, because Coffey’s testimony did not establish that

when Appellant used the identification information of another person, he did

so without that person’s consent. Id. at 38-39.
J-S63022-17

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A conspiracy is almost always proved through circumstantial

evidence. “The conduct of the parties and the circumstances

surrounding their conduct may create ‘a web of evidence’ linking

the accused to the alleged conspiracy beyond a reasonable

doubt.” The evidence must, however, “rise above mere suspicion

or possibility of guilty collusion.”

This Court has identified factors to be considered:

Among the circumstances which are relevant, but not

sufficient by themselves, to prove a corrupt confederation

are: (1) an association between alleged conspirators; (2)

knowledge of the commission of the crime; (3) presence at

the scene of the crime; and (4) in some situations,

participation in the object of the conspiracy. The presence

of such circumstances may furnish a web of evidence

linking an accused to an alleged conspiracy beyond a

reasonable doubt when viewed in conjunction with each

other and in the context in which they occurred.

Lambert, 795 A.2d at 1016 (citations omitted).

Here, Appellant was convicted of two counts of conspiracy: conspiracy

to commit the crime of corrupt organizations, and conspiracy to commit the

charge of acquiring or obtaining possession of a controlled substance by

misrepresentation.30 Given the recitation of facts above, we conclude that

sufficient circumstantial evidence was presented for the jury to conclude that

a conspiracy for these criminal ends existed between Appellant and Andrews

during the time period for which Appellant was convicted.

Because the Commonwealth proved to the jury that a conspiracy

existed, the jury was free to consider Appellant’s guilt on the other charges

____________________________________________

30 Appellant has not argued that these were not separate conspiracies that

could give rise to two convictions under 18 Pa.C.S. § 903(c).
J-S63022-17

- 22 -

not only as a principal actor, but also as a co-conspirator. As we have

stated,Once there is evidence of the presence of a conspiracy,

conspirators are liable for acts of co-conspirators committed in

furtherance of the conspiracy. Even if the conspirator did not act

as a principal in committing the underlying crime, he is still

criminally liable for the actions of his co-conspirators taken in

furtherance of the conspiracy.

The general rule of law pertaining to the culpability of

conspirators is that each individual member of the conspiracy is

criminally responsible for the acts of his co-conspirators

committed in furtherance of the conspiracy. The co-conspirator

rule assigns legal culpability equally to all members of the

conspiracy. All co-conspirators are responsible for actions

undertaken in furtherance of the conspiracy regardless of their

individual knowledge of such actions and regardless of which

member of the conspiracy undertook the action.

The premise of the rule is that the conspirators have formed

together for an unlawful purpose, and thus, they share the intent

to commit any acts undertaken in order to achieve that purpose,

regardless of whether they actually intended any distinct act

undertaken in furtherance of the object of the conspiracy. It is

the existence of shared criminal intent that “is the sine qua non

of a conspiracy.”

Lambert, 795 A.2d at 1016-17; see also Commonwealth v. Irvin, 134

A.3d 67, 77 n.13 (Pa. Super. 2016) (defendant who conspired to possess

drugs with the intent to deliver them was liable for all drugs recovered from

coconspirators, regardless of whether defendant actually possessed those

specific drugs); Commonwealth v. Galindes, 786 A.2d 1004, 1011 (Pa.

Super. 2001) (defendant who conspired to commit burglary was also liable

for aggravated assault by coconspirator in furtherance of burglary,
J-S63022-17

- 23 -

regardless of defendant’s specific intent to commit that crime), appeal

denied, 803 A.2d 733 (Pa. 2002).31

The jury was instructed that if it found a conspiracy existed, it could

hold Appellant liable for any crimes done in furtherance of that conspiracy,

including those crimes perpetrated principally by co-conspirators. See N.T.,

12/15/15 at 153-54. The jury was therefore free to consider, in addition to

Appellant’s actions, the actions of each co-conspirator, including Andrews,

done in furtherance of the conspiracy. The evidence undeniably established

that Andrews was guilty of these crimes, and that all were committed in

furtherance of the conspiracies for which Appellant and Andrews were

charged. There therefore was sufficient evidence for the jury to convict

Appellant for these crimes, and it does not matter that Coffey’s testimony

may not also have linked Appellant to the crimes. See Commonwealth v.

Knox, 105 A.3d 1194, 1198 (Pa. 2014) (upon a challenge to the sufficiency

of evidence of a firearms charge, finding that although the question of

defendant’s accomplice liability remained unresolved, the trial court’s

____________________________________________

31 See also Commonwealth v. Simpson, 754 A.2d 1264, 1274 (Pa. 2000),

cert. denied, 533 U.S. 932 (2001):

[U]nder general principles of conspiratorial liability a defendant

can be held criminally responsible for the entirety of the acts of

his co-conspirators performed in furtherance of the conspiracy,

regardless of whether the defendant intended that certain acts

be undertaken. Stated differently, a defendant can be held

accountable for the actions of his or her co-conspirators although

the defendant did not specifically intend for the co-conspirators

to perform these acts.
J-S63022-17

- 24 -

instructions to the jury additionally “discussed the concept of conspiratorial

liability as well as principal liability, and each stands as an adequate and

independent basis supporting [the defendant’s] conviction”; appellate Court

therefore had adequate bases on which to affirm).32

Length of Sentence

In Appellant’s final issue, he complains that his sentence of fourteen to

twenty-eight years was unduly harsh and excessive. Appellant must pass a

four-part test when invoking this Court’s jurisdiction to challenge the

discretionary aspects of a sentence:

(1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2)

whether the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a

motion to reconsider and modify sentence; (3) whether

appellant’s brief has a fatal defect [under Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)];

and (4) whether there is a substantial question that the sentence

appealed from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code.

Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265-66 (Pa. Super.) (en

banc) (citation omitted; alteration in original), appeal denied, 104 A.3d 1

(Pa. 2014). To avoid a “fatal defect,” an appellant’s brief must include a

separate concise statement demonstrating that there is a substantial

question regarding the appropriateness of the sentence under the

Sentencing Code. Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 812 A.2d 617, 621 (Pa.

2002) (citing Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)).

____________________________________________

32 As we affirm on this basis, we need not determine whether the evidence

also established that Appellant was guilty of each crime as a principal.
J-S63022-17

- 25 -

Here, Appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal following the

reinstatement of his appellate rights, and has included a 2119(f) statement.

However, Appellant’s complaints on appeal differ from those made in his

post-sentence motion. In the motion, Appellant complained that the court

did not adequately consider the mitigating circumstances of Appellant’s

youth, sparse criminal record, and relatively low involvement in the instant

case. On appeal, Appellant complains that his sentence was nearly half of

that imposed on Andrews, even though Andrews was convicted of almost

four times the number of charges. Appellant additionally contends that the

court’s finding that Appellant exhibited a lack of remorse was unsupported

by the record. Finally, because Appellant was convicted of only one count of

each crime, but the court lectured Appellant “on the drug addiction epidemic

in the country and Pennsylvania,” Appellant’s contends that his sentence was

“a statement on the drug epidemic, generally, and not tailored to

[Appellant], specifically, and was an end-run around the jury’s acquittal on

many of the charges.” Appellant claims the court failed to consider relevant

sentencing criteria, including the protection of the public, the gravity of the

underlying offense, and the Appellant’s rehabilitative needs. See Appellant’s

Brief at 39-43.

Although we could find waiver based on these discrepancies, we find it

within our discretion to conclude that Appellant has preserved the general

complaint that his sentence is excessive and that the trial court failed to

consider the appropriate sentencing criteria. We have previously held that
J-S63022-17

- 26 -

these claims in combination present a substantial question. See

Commonwealth v. Swope, 123 A.3d 333, 340 (Pa. Super. 2015). We

therefore review Appellant’s sentence pursuant to the following standard:

The imposition of sentence following the revocation of probation

is vested within the sound discretion of the trial court, which,

absent an abuse of that discretion, will not be disturbed on

appeal. An abuse of discretion is more than an error in judgment — a sentencing court has not abused its discretion unless the

record discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly

unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.

Commonwealth v. Sierra, 752 A.2d 910, 913 (Pa. Super. 2000) (quotation

marks and citations omitted).

After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the

applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Wade A.

Kagarise, we conclude that Appellant’s sentencing claims lack merit. See

Trial Ct. Op. at 6-8 (discussing the reasons for Appellant’s sentence and its

consideration of the sentencing factors under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b)).33

Accordingly, we affirm on this issue on the basis of the trial court’s opinion.

The parties are instructed to attach a copy of the trial court’s May 23, 2016

opinion to any filings referencing this Court’s decision.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

____________________________________________

33 We note also that the trial court reviewed a presentence investigation

report prior to imposing sentence. See Commonwealth v. Downing, 990

A.2d 788, 794 (Pa. Super. 2010) (where a court is informed by a pre- sentence report, it is presumed that the court is aware of all appropriate

sentencing factors and considerations, and where the court has been so

informed, its discretion should not be disturbed).
J-S63022-17

- 27 -

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 12/27/2017
Circulated 12/19/2017 11:09 AM

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 

NO. 2015 CR 710 

vs. 

RONDALE MALIK GETER, 

Defendant 

HON. WADE A. KAGARISE PRESIDING JUDGE 

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1925 (b) OPINION 

PERRY FLAUGH, ESQUIRE 

DAVID GORMAN, ESQUIRE 

May 23, 2016 

This Opinion is issued by the Court following the Appellant's filing of a Concise 

Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925. 

PROCEDURAL HISTORY: 

The Commonwealth filed a criminal complaint against Rondale Malik Geter 

("Defendant") on January 15, 2015. On April 24, 2015, the Commonwealth charged the 

Defendant via its filing of criminal information with thirty seven (3 7) criminal counts. On June 

2, 2015, Defendant filed a motion for extension of time to file an omnibus pretrial motion. On 

June 3, 2015, the Commonwealth filed notice of joinder informing Defendant of its intention to 

try together Defendant and other parties, This Court entered an order on June 10, 2015, granting 

Defendant's motion for extension and giving him until July 28, 2015, to file his omnibus pretrial 

motion. On July 29, 2015, Defendant filed his omnibus pretrial motion. Defendant filed an 
application for modification of his bond on July 15, 2015. This Court issued an order on July 29, 

2015, scheduling Defendant for a status conference on September 3, 2015. Defendant filed a 

motion for reduction of monetary condition of bail on August 13, 2015. Defendant filed a request 

for continuance of the omnibus pretrial hearing, which was scheduled for September 3, 2015, on 

September 2, 2015. This Court entered an order on September 3, 2015, which granted 

Defendant's request for a continuance. 

Following a status conference on October I, 2015, this Court issued an order on October 

5, 2015, which scheduled this matter for jury selection on November 23, 2015. Defendant filed a 

new request for a hearing on his pretrial motions on October 9, 2015, because the original 

hearing was cancelled pending plea deal negotiations with the Commonwealth. This Court 

scheduJed Defendant's omnibus pretrial hearing for November 9, 2015. On November 16, 2015, 

this Court having conducted a hearing on Defendant's omnibus pretrial motions, entered an order 

deferring Defendant's motion to suppress, and denying Defendant's motion to sever, motion for 

change of venue, and petition for reduction of bail. Following a pretrial conference on November 

23, 2015, this Court issued an order denying and dismissing Defendant's request for a 

continuance. 

Defendant's seven day jury trial commenced on December 7, 2015, and concluded on 

December 15, 2015. This Court entered an order on December 8, 2015, denying Defendant's 

motion to suppress, which was deferred by an earlier order of this Court. This Court entered an 

order on December 9, 2015, granting an oral motion in limine made by the Commonwealth, 

which regarded testimony by Raheem Hall. On December 15, 2015, the empaneled jury reached 

a verdict and found Defendant guilty of nine (9) counts, specifically: Count 5, Count I 0, Count 

11, Count 12, Count 13, Count 18, Count 27, Count 32, and Count 37. Following entry of the 

2 
verdict, this Court scheduled Defendant for sentencing on March 4, 2015. The Commonwealth 

filed a motion for continuance, which was granted, and sentencing was subsequently rescheduled 

for February 23, 2016. On February 9, 2016, Defendant filed a motion challenging the weight of 

the evidence pursuant to Pa. R. Crim. P. 607 and asked for a hearing. This Court entered an order 

on February 19, 2016, which denied and dismissed Defendant's motion challenging the weight 

of the evidence. 

Defendant's sentencing occurred on February 23, 20 I 6. This Court entered an order on February 

23, 2016, sentencing Defendant to a total of not less than fourteen ( I 4) and not more than twenty 

eight (28) years 

in a state correctional facility. Defendant filed a motion for reconsideration of 

his sentence on March 1, 2016. On March 3, 2016, this Court entered an order denying and 

dismissing 

the Defendant's motion for reconsideration. Defendant filed his notice of appeal on 

April I, 2016. Defendant's counsel, Perry L. Flaugh, Esq., filed a petition to withdraw as counsel 

on shortly after filing Defendant's notice of appeal on April I, 2016. This Court entered its 

1925(b) order on April 4, 2016, giving Defendant twenty one (21) days to file a concise 

statement of errors. Additionally, this Court granted Defendant leave to continue in forma 

pauperis, upon motion of Attorney Flaugh to withdraw, on April 4, 2016. On May 2, 2016, this 

Court entered an order, which reaffirmed Attorney Flaugh as Defendant's counsel in light of this 

Court's understanding that the appellate court must handle such an issue once defense counsel 

has filed a Defendant's notice of appeal. On May 6, 2016, the Defendant filed a concise 

statement of matters complained of. Accordingly, we now proceed to disposition. 

APPLICABLE LAW/DISCUSSION: 

In the Defendant's Statement of Matters Complained of Pursuant to 1925(b) of the Rules 

of Appellate Procedure, the Defendant alleged the following errors: 

3 
I. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error of law in denying 

appellant's Petition for Reconsideration. 

2. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error of law in the jury 

instructions. 

3. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error of law in denying 

appellant's Motion Challenging the Weight of the Evidence Pursuant to Pa. R.Crim.P. 

607. 

4. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error of law in denying 

appellant's Motion to Modify or Reconsider Sentence. 

5. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error of law in denying 

any of appellant's Objections during the trial of this case. 

We will address each one of these errors individually. 

l. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error oflaw in 

denying appellant's Petition for Reconsideration. 

The Court is interpreting the Petition for Reconsideration as a Motion to Modify 

or reconsider sentence. Therefore, the analysis for this issue is addressed under 

paragraph 4. 

2. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error of law in 

the jury instructions. 

Matters not raised in the trial court may not be pursued on appeal. Pa. R.A.P. 

§302(a). A general exception to the charge to the jury will not preserve an issue for 

appeal. Pa. R.A.P.§302(b) Appellant cannot raise a claim on appeal having not 

objected to the instruction to the jury in the trial court. The issue is deemed to be 

waived. See Commonwealth v. West, 937 A.2d 516, 522. 

A review of the record in this matter suggests that the Defendant only stated one 

objection on the record regarding the proposed jury instruction. This objection 

resulted when the Defense contested the Commonwealth's request for a flight 

4 
instruction regarding Mr. Geter. This Court sustained the Defendant's objection and 

did not give a flight instruction to the jury for this Defendant. The record does not 

evidence any other objections made by the Defendant concerning the Court's 

instructions to the jury. Defense counsel specifically stated at the close of the Court's 

instructions that he did not have any objection to the Court's instructions as read to 

the jury. For this reason, this Court believes that the Defendant has waived any 

alleged error of law in the Court's instruction to the jury. 

3. Whether the trial court judge abused his discretion or made an error of law in 

denying appellant's Motion Challenging the Weight of the Evidence Pursuant to 

PA. R. Crim. P. 607. 

A motion for a new trial alleging that the verdict was against the weight of the 

evidence is addressed to the discretion of the trial court. An appellate court, 

therefore, reviews the exercise of discretion, not the underlying question whether the 

verdict is against the weight of the evidence. The fact finder is free to believe all, 

part, or none of the evidence and to determine the credibility of the witnesses. The 

trial court will award a new trial only when the jury's verdict is so contrary to the 

evidence as to shock one's sense of justice. In determining whether this standard has 

been met. Appellate review is limited to whether the trial judge's discretion was 

properly exercised, and relief will only be granted where the facts and inferences of 

record disclose a palpable abuse of discretion. Thus, the trial court's denial of a 

motion for a new trial based on a weight of the evidence claim is the least assailable 

of its rulings. Commonwealth. v. Cousar, 928 A.2d. 1025, 1035-36 (Pa. 2007). 

An Appellant fails adequately to identify in a concise manner the issue sought to 

be pursued on appeal when he challenges the weight of the evidence in a general 

5 
manner. Commonwealth v. Seibert, 799 A.2d. 54 (Pa. Super. 2002). In Seibert, the 

Appellant stated in his Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal that 

"The verdict of the jury was against the weight of the credible evidence as to all of 

the charges". Id. at 62. This Court finds the facts and circumstances of this case to 

be similar. Appellant provides only a general statement challenging the weight of the 

evidence. To the extent that the Superior Court believes that this issue has not been 

waived, this Court will rely on the record. We believe that the verdict issued by the 

jury in this case was not contrary to the weight of the evidence regarding any of the 

charges. 

4. Whether the trial court judge abuse his discretion or made an error of Jaw in 

denying appellant's Motion to Modify or Reconsider Sentence. 

We next examine Defendant's assertion that this Court erred in denying his motion to 

modify or reconsider sentence. 

Under Pennsylvania law, the sentencing Court is vested with sound discretion to render 

judgment, and th.is judgment will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. Com. v. Sharp, 

792 A.2d 1266, 1268 (Pa. Super. 2002). However, an abuse of discretion is more than just an 

error in judgment. Com. v. Jordan, 125 A.3d 55, 71 (Pa. Super. 2015). Such abuse of discretion 

will only be found if the judgment was "manifestly unreasonable or the result of partiality, 

prejudice, bias, or ill-will." Id. TI1is discretion allows the sentencing judge to sentence up to and 

including the maximum sentence authorized by statute; the only line that a sentence may not 

cross is the statutory maximum sentence. Com. v. Gon/011, 942 A.2d 174, 182 (Pa. 2007). 

Pennsylvania law requires that the sentencing court "shall make as a part of the record, 

and disclose in open court at the time of the sentencing, a statement of the reason or reasons for 

the sentence imposed." 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 972l(b). "Indeed, in fashioning sentence, a judge is 

6 
obligated to follow the general principle that the sentence imposed should call for confinement 

that is consistent with the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the 

impact on the life of the victim and on the community, and the rehabilitative needs of the 

defendant." Com. v. Mo11alu111, 860 A.2d 180, 184 (Pa. Super. 2004). 

Here, this Court is satisfied that it followed the statutory sentencing requirements of 42 

Pa.C.S.A. § 972l(b) and Pennsylvania law, The Court readily acknowledged at the sentencing 

hearing on February 23, 2016, that the Pre-Sentence Investigation ("PSI") "present] ed] both facts 

in favor of [the Defendant] and facts against [the Defendant.]" Sentencing Transcript at 18. On 

the positive side, we considered Defendant's ties to his family, the lack of violence in the 

underlying matter, and the Defendant's insistence on taking care of and providing for his son. On 

the negative side, this Court went on to detail the Defendant's criminal history, which included a 

robbery conviction and subsequent recommitments for parole violations on this conviction. 

Sentencing Tr. at 19. Defendant's prior record score as a repeat felony ("RFEL"), a very serious 

category of offender, was also considered. Sentencing Tr. at 19. While Defendant maintained at 

sentencing that leniency would afford him an opportunity to rehabilitate himself, we note that 

Defendant had such chances by way of his prior incarceration, which he did not use. This Court 

was therefore hesitant to grant Defendant more such opportunities. 

We also considered the public safety as a factor in determining Defendant's sentence. 

Specifically, we explained that the Defendant's actions, namely illegally procuring and 

disseminating opioids, contributed to an already pronounced epidemic of narcotic addiction and 

abuse. Sentencing Tr. at 19-20. That Defendant would participate in such activity, which has 

destroyed and taken lives both in Pennsylvania and around the country, is an indication of the 

severity of this crime. This Court believes that Defendant was motivated "by profit and [by] a 

7 
pure desire to get money from his criminal activities." Sentencing Tr. at 20. This Court also 

wishes to note that the sentences imposed on the Defendant's convictions were within the 

standard range of the sentencing guidelines. Where a sentence is within the standard range of the 

guidelines, Pennsylvania law views the sentence as appropriate under the sentencing code. Com. 

v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 937 (Pa. Super. 2013) (Citing Com. v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, l 71 (Pa. 

Super. 2010)). 

Therefore and in light of these factors, this Court affirms its judgment of sentence as 

originally ordered. 

5. Whether the trial court judge abuse his discretion or made an error of law in 

denying any of appellant's Objections during the trial of this case. 

"When a court has to guess what issues an appellant is appealing, that is not 

enough for meaningful review." Commonwealth v. Butler, 756 A.2d 55, 57 (Pa. 

Super. 2000), appeal granted, 769 A.2d 442, (2001), citing, Giles v. Douglass, 747 

A.2d 1236, 1237 (Pa. Super. 2000). "When an appellant fails adequately to identify 

in a concise manner the issues sought to be pursued on appeal, the trial court is 

impeded in its preparation of a legal analysis which is pertinent to those issues." In 

re Estate of Daubert, 757 A.2d 962, 963 (Pa. Super. 2000). In other words, a 

Concise Statement which is too vague to allow the court to identify the issues raised 

on appeal is the functional equivalent of no Concise Statement at all. Commonwealth 

v. Dowling, 788 A.2d 683, 686-687 (Pa. Super. 2001 ). 

The record establishes that during the course of the seven day trial proceedings, 

defense counsel made numerous objections. We cannot ascertain from Defendant's 

Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal what specific objections he is 

challenging. Therefore, we believe that the Appellant has failed to adequately 

8 
identify in a concise manner the objections that he is pursuing on appeal and therefore 

this Court is unable to prepare a proper legal analysis. 

CONCLUSION: 

For the reasons detailed in this Opinion, this Court believes that the Defendant's appeal is 

without merit. 

BY THE COURT: 

(?' J. 

9