# Introduction

212 Resources treats waste water for the oil and gas industry.

212 owns and operates proprietary technologies that process produced and flowback waters, oil recovery plants to manage upstream hydrocarbon wastes and systems that purify waste water from oilfield operations into “engineered water” for drilling, completion and production needs.

Each of our projects is individualized to the needs of the client and designed with the flexibility to accommodate complex and ever

- changing waste stream properties.

Providing exceptional service is key to our success which is achieved daily through the quality and dedication of our people, our management teams and finally complemented by our technologies and attitude to be the best in the industry.

Our name, 212 Resources, is based upon the Temperature (2120F) that water boils at

Sea Level. 

## 212 Resources

# Brine Management

There are currently a number of viable Treatment/disposal options in use, including:

1. Offsite Primary Treatment & Reuse

2. Well Site Primary Treatment & Reuse

3. Brine Injection Well Disposal

4. Offsite TDS Removal and Reuse

5. Well Site TDS Removal and Reuse

6. Treatment for beneficial use 

## Available Options

# Brine Management

With the rapid growth of unconventional oil and gas development, regulatory agencies
have increased focus on impacts of hydraulic fracturing operations.

Particular concerns centered on:

• Surface water quality

• Groundwater quality

• Air Quality

• Residual waste disposal (naturally occurring radioactivity material (NORM )) 

## Evolving Regulatory Requirements

# Brine Management

• Flowback /Produced Water recycled is estimated to be ~80

- 90% of total generated in Marcellus Play in 2012

• Therefore ~10

- 20% of flowback /produced water requires TDS removal treatment and/or disposal via injection wells.

• Challenges in achieving 100% recycle rates:

 After multiple recycles constituents in the frac water (TDS, etc.) continue to increase (potentially impacting water quality)

 Interruptions in well development operations and limited storage capacity may require disposal of excess flowback /produced water

 Water can, and will, become “Worn Out” and will no longer provide consistent fracturing / production results 

## Re

- Use and Reality

# Brine Management

In the Marcellus Field annual produced water quantities will increase six

- fold from 2011 (0.3 billion gal) to 2020 (1.7 billion gal)

• As drilling activity declines, increased quantities of produced water will not be able to be recycled and used as frac water

• As a result brine disposal and TDS removal facilities will need to increase significantly to meet demand

• In anticipation of this demand:

• Several TDS removal treatment facilities are currently in the planning and/or permitting stages

• Several disposal well siting studies are currently underway in PA 

## Re

- Use and Reality

# Brine Management

E&Ps are increasingly considering TDS removal treatment because:

• of stringent TDS discharge limits

• t here are potential concerns regarding injection wells

• o f increased quantities of produced water that can’t be recycled as frac water

• It enables reuse options, including land application & surface hole drilling

• It provides a stable, predictable water chemistry that enables production



### TDS removal process generates

• Distillate for well reuse, industrial applications or land application

• Brine concentrate

- disposed of (in injection wells) or further treated for landfilling
or beneficial reuse 

## Re

- Use and Reality

# Brine Management

Brine concentrate treatment

• Typically uses a crystallizer to form salt cake that is landfilled or further treated to form salt crystals for beneficial reuse

• Re

- Use Examples:

 Salt crystals can be used for road deicing and/or commercial/industrial applications (e.g., production of chemicals for gas and oilfield use)

 Purified Brine (scale, transition metals, boron and solids removed) can be used for unconventional well petroleum recovery

 Purified concentrated brine has uses in disposal well management

 Scale

– promoting ions recovered from brine purification can be used to produce other chemicals for agriculture and industrial applications 

## Re

- Use and Reality9 

# Process

• Integrated Distillation

• Tolerant of high TDS feeds

• Hydrocarbon & Alcohol Recovery

• Critical Water Quality



# Mechanical

• 3,000 bbl/day Transportable System

• Modular O&G Field Design



# Electrical

• On

- Site Power Generation

• Modular configuration

• Advanced Controls

• Hazardous Classification10 

# Water Treatment

- Process Flow

Reserve/Flowback Pit
Or Tank Course
Filter

Oil/Water Separator Recovered
Condensate

Steam Stripper Clean Water
for E&P Reuse 92% of inlet volume out at ≤ 150 ppm TDS * Final Polishing

Saturated
Brine

300,000 ppm TDS Methanol
& VOC / \ / \ / \

/ \ / \ / \ High TDS Feed

* Based on 26,000 ppm TDS Feed Pre

- Heat12 

### Steam Disengagement
Vessel

Heat Exchanger

Mechanical Steam Compressor13 

### Heat Exchanger Steam Disengagement
Vessel Distillation Column

Effluent Polishing and Discharge Mechanical Steam Compressor14 

# Redundant **Systems**

# Field Transportable

Day 1 3/18/2009 9:14am Day 2 3/19/2009 12:58 pm

Day 5 3/22/2009 5:57 pm Day 10 Fully operational 3/28/2009 5:34 pm

# Modular, Flexible and Automated

17• Remote Location, harsh conditions

• No Grid Power

• 120 miles to nearest disposal facility

• 45 miles on a 2 lane mountain road

• 75 to 100 trucks per day (6 hour RT )

• Environmental risk of transportation • New field development

• No evaporation pits allowed

• Limited Injection capability

• Discharge will require strict compliance

with complex permits 

## Challenge• Permitted Capacity 10,000 barrels per day

• Discharge to a Class 1 Cold Water Aquatic

Life Stream in the Upper Colorado River

drainage area

• Located at 7,500ft (2,300 meter) elevation

• Harsh weather conditions, year round

operations

• Meets NPDES discharge standards

• Electrical power generated on

- site (2,500kW, 480 VAC , 60hz)

• Generators meet Title V emissions

standards

• Co

- Location with compressor station

resulted in tighter air emissions standards.

• Air Emissions from tankage and relief

sources controlled to flare 

## Installation

# How Clean Is Clean?PARAMETER ACTUAL EFFLUENT RESULTS

30 Day Average 7 Day Average Daily

Maximu

m 2

- Year Average PQL Pass/Fai

l

Effluent Flow (MGD) 0.194 Pass
Temp ( ° C) June

- Sept 14.8 Pass
Temp ( ° C) Oct

– May 3.7 10.8 4.1 Pass
pH (su) 8 8.3 Pass
TSS, effluent (mg/L) <4.0 <4.0 10 Pass
Oil and Grease (mg/L) 1.7 1.7 Pass
TDS (mg/L) 322.5 384 10 Pass
As, Tot (μg/L) <1 <1 1.0 Pass
Ba, TR (μg/L) 15.4 5.0 Pass
Be, TR (μg/L) <0.5 <0.5 1.0 Pass
Cd, PO (μg/L) <0.5 1.0 Pass Cr +3, TR (μg/L) (Cr Tot (μg/L)) 2.2 3 2.2 20 Pass

Cu, PO (μg/L) 2.2 3 1.3 5.0 Pass
CN, WAD (μg/L) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 5.0 Pass
Fe, TR (μg/L) 9 9 10 Pass
Pb, TR (μg/L) 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 Pass
Mn, PD (μg/L) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.0 Pass
Hg, Tot (μg/L) <0.1 <0.1 0.1 Pass
Ni, PO (μg/L) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 50 Pass
Se, PD (μg/L) 1.8 4.9 1.8 1.0 Pass
Ag, PD (μg/L) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.5 Pass
U, PD (μg/L) 1.9 5.7 1.9 1.0 Pass
Zn, PO (μg/L) 4.9 20 4.9 10 Pass
B, Tot (mg/L) 0.39 0.39 .05 Pass
Chloride (mg/L) 121.7 126 2.0 Pass
Sulfide (mg/L) <0.2 <0.2 0.2 Pass
Calcium (mg/L) 25.1 0.02 Pass
Magnesium (mg/L) 3.3 0.02 Pass
Sodium (mg/L) 37.7 0.2 Pass

Bicarbonate as HC03 (mg/L) 93.8 Pass

SAR calc limit (capped at 6.7) 1.95 Pass

SAR, adjusted SAR,

effluent 1.62 Pass

SAR, Pass/Fail Pass Pass
EC maximum (dS/m) 0.788 Pass
Radium 226 +228 (pCi/L) 0.44 0.67 0.44 Pass

WET Test Pass Pass PARAMETER FEED CHARACTERISTICS

MIN MAX AVERAGE

Effluent Flow (MGD) 0.21
Temp ( ° C) June

- Sept
Temp ( ° C) Oct

– May
pH (su) 5.3 7.4 6.82
TSS, effluent (mg/L) 24 157 75.29
Oil and Grease (mg/L) 15 79 36.91
TDS (mg/L) 6160 76700 19930
As, Tot (μg/L) 30 110 43
Ba, TR (μg/L) 3190 60000 31680
Be, TR (μg/L) ND ND ND
Cd, PO (μg/L) 0 0.1 0
Cr +3, TR (μg/L) (Cr Tot (μg/L)) 4.2 8.3 6.8
Cu, PO (μg/L) 2.0 16 6.9
CN, WAD (μg/L) 4 12 7.5
Fe, TR (μg/L) 8200 80200 30093
Pb, TR (μg/L) 1 40 23
Mn, PD (μg/L) 2 47 11.5
Hg, Tot (μg/L) 0.0 0.7 0.2
Ni, PO (μg/L) 3 9 6.3
Se, PD (μg/L) 60 300 160
Ag, PD (μg/L) 17.1 282 149.6
U, PD (μg/L) 0 1.5 0.1
Zn, PO (μg/L) 10 120 54.2
B, Tot (mg/L) 3.9 8.4 6
Chloride (mg/L) 3800 11900 8586.25
Sulfide (mg/L) 0.6 1.1 0.7
Calcium (mg/L) 70.7 343 231.99
Magnesium (mg/L) 8.1 26.7 20.84
Sodium (mg/L) 2570 8230 5509.36
Bicarbonate as HC03 (mg/L) 400 944 692.25
SAR calc limit (capped at 6.7) n/a n/a n/a
SAR, adjusted SAR, effluent n/a n/a n/a

SAR, Pass/Fail n/a n/a n/a
EC maximum (dS/m) 1430 2630 2300
Radium 226 +228 (pCi/L) 3.5 10.8 7.3

WET Test n/a n/a n/a

## • Demineralization

• Concentrated Brine Disposal

• Removal of Soluble Organics

• General Hardness / Scale Control

• Suspended Solids

• Friction Reducer Removal

• Microbial Control

• Biocide removal

• NORM Control 

# Field Operation Concerns

## • Re

- Use

• Asset Development

• Surface Hole

• Land Application / Agricultural

• NPDES Discharge

• Other Beneficial Re

- Use

• Re

- injection 

# Water Management O ptions

## • Tighter regulations for surface disposal of water

• More stringent regulations regarding impoundments and mixing with fresh water including reporting requirements

• Risk Management

- road crossings, stream crossings

• Risk of moratorium on drilling and fracking

- driving disposal instead of re

- use

• Reduction in availability of source water leading to requirement to re

- use 

# Pending Regulatory Issues

## • Hydraulic fracturing

– disclosure of chemistry

• Produced water transfer and containment

• Permission to mix and dilute

• Fresh water conservation

• Competition for fresh water sources

• Regulations regarding on

- site water treatment

• Environmental footprint constraints (trucking, fresh water usage, waste disposal) 

# Pending Regulatory Issues

## • What are the forecast volumes of flowback water and produced water generated each year?

• How fast does this output grow while the field is in its
build

- out mode ?

• Is water reuse the complete answer in terms of water disposal for the entire life cycle?

• Is there a limit to water reuse as a management option?

• If there is a limit, when does this option run out during
the life of the field? 

# Design Parameters

## • When reuse capacity runs out, what are the alternate water disposal options that will allow the development area to complete its production of gas?

• What optimal water management processes need to be considered to economically support water reuse and
other disposal options during the life of the field?

• What are the Permitting Requirements for the various treatment options? 

# Design Parameters

### • VOC Management

• Ammonia Management

• NORM Management

• Soluble Organics Management

• Land Application enabled

• Beneficial Re

- Use • Transportation Reduction

• Dependable Operations

• Operations to

- 40 ° F

• Proven in

- field results

• 4,000,000bbls treated to Surface Hole

re

- use standards 

## Performance

### • Performance Based C ontracts

• All

- In Pricing

• Readily adaptable to Grid Power

• 500bbl per day Mobile Systems

• Permit Responsibility

• Tank Bottoms • Condensate M anagement

• Concentrated Brine Management

• RO Reject Stream Concentration

• Custom Fit Solutions

• Brine Re

- use

• Concise Water Quality Control 

## 212 Solutions14950 Heathrow Forest Parkway | Suite 150 | Houston, Texas | 77032 | 713.554.3500