Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

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1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

2 PUBLIC HEARING FOR THE 2014, 2015, AND 2016 STANDARDS 

3 FOR THE RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD PROGRAM 

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5 WYANDOTTE II – Even-Numbered Panels 

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10 Thursday, June 25, 2015 

11 9:00 a.m. 

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20 Jack Reardon Center 

21 520 Minnesota Avenue 

22 Kansas City, Kansas 66101 
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1 PARTICIPANTS 

2 EPA MEMBERS: 

3 BECKY WEBER, Chair 

4 PAUL ARGYROPOULOS 

5 WARD BURNS 

6 BEN HENGST 

7 MADISON LE 

8 JOSH TAPP 

9 LESLYE WERNER 

10

11 PANEL 2: 

12 BOB GRECO 

13 JOE JOBE 

14 KENLON JOHANNES 

15 RANDALL DOYAL 

16 TOM BUIS 

17 JAMES ZOOK 

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19 PANEL 4: 

20 JOHN BULLOCK 

21 ALAN WEBER 

22 KELLY GILBERT 

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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 PANEL 4 (CONTINUED): 

3 KEVIN HERDLER 

4 BERNIE HOFFMAN 

5 JENNIFER WEAVER 

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7 PANEL 6: 

8 JOHN CAUPERT 

9 TIM PHELPS 

10 BROOKE COLEMAN 

11 MONTE SHAW 

12 LUCY NORTON 

13 GRANT MENKE 

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15 PANEL 8: 

16 SCOTT AVERHOFF 

17 WESLEY SPURLOCK 

18 KENNETH HARTMAN 

19 JEFF JARBOE 

20 WAYNE ANDERSON 

21 ADAM NIELSEN 

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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 PANEL 10: 

3 CHARLIE GOOD 

4 GENE YOUNGQUIST 

5 JIM LEITING 

6 RAY DEFENBAUGH 

7 SALLY STRICKER 

8 R. TIMOTHY COLUMBUS 

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10 SPECIAL PANEL: 

11 CURT FRIESEN, Nebraska Unicameral Legislature 

12 WHITNEY WESTERFIELD, Kentucky State Senate 

13 DAVID BRACHT, Nebraska Energy Office 

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15 PANEL 12: 

16 KIRK SPIKES 

17 THOMAS W. ROBB 

18 CHRISTOPHER G. STANDLEE 

19 BRENDA HEFFELFINGER 

20 JOE REGNERY 

21 DAVID A. COX 

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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 PANEL 14: 

3 GREG KRISSEK 

4 KEN MCCAULEY 

5 PAT ROSS 

6 DENNIS GENGENBACH 

7 HANNAH BORG 

8 JON HOLZFASTER 

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10 PANEL 16: 

11 DON BLOSS 

12 SARAH SEXTON-BOWSER 

13 JOHN DUFF 

14 VERN JANTZEN 

15 STEVE NELSON 

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17 PANEL 18: 

18 STEVE MARKHAM 

19 CARSON KLOSTERMAN 

20 JEFF ENGER 

21 MIKE CLEMENS 

22 KEVIN SKUNES 
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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 PANEL 20: 

3 GABE COREY 

4 MICK HENDERSON 

5 GREG OLSEN 

6 STEVE MURPHY 

7 JIM GALVIN 

8 MARK DEVRIES 

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10 PANEL 22: 

11 MICHAEL WHITNEY 

12 BOB MORTON 

13 JOHN KRUSE 

14 DANIELLE BRANNAN 

15 TOM BROOKS 

16 STEVE NOGEL 

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18 PANEL 24: 

19 JERRY TEGELS 

20 SCOTT WILLIAMS 

21 CHAD KEMP 

22 ANTHONY BUSH 

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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 PANEL 24 (CONTINUED): 

3 JED BOWER 

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5 PANEL 26: 

6 BOB BOWMAN 

7 LYNN CHRISP 

8 JEFF GUTZ 

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10 PANEL 28: 

11 PERRY BACON 

12 ROCK ORMISTON 

13 TOM WILLIS 

14 JEFF BRIGGS 

15 SASHA FORSEN 

16 BRIAN ENGEL 

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18 PANEL 30: 

19 AUSTIN LUDOWESE 

20 DAVE MANGINE 

21 CARL SITZMANN 

22 JERRY JOHNSON, Nebraska State Senate 

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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 PANEL 32: 

3 CARSON BERGER 

4 DAVE SOVEREIGN 

5 JERRY A. CALEASE 

6 CHRIS TINGLE 

7 PAUL BACKMAN 

8 MARVIN OERKE 

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10 PANEL 34: 

11 CHRISTOPHER VEIT 

12 CRAIG AMMANN 

13 BRYAN DIEDIKER 

14 JOHN BECKER 

15 RICK HANSEN 

16 JANE KLEEB 

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18 PANEL 36: 

19 MIKE JERKE 

20 JEFF SCHARPING 

21 MICHAEL J. CHISAM 

22 MARK MARQUIS 

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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 PANEL 36 (CONTINUED): 

3 STEVE ROE 

4 BRUCE PATTERSON 

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6 PANEL 38: 

7 EDWARD L. CONDON 

8 BRIAN CAHILL 

9 NICK BOWDISH 

10 DAVID KRAMER 

11 RHETT ADAMS 

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13 PANEL 33: 

14 CHRIS VAN ROEKEL 

15 CORAL DIDION 

16 PAUL BERTELS 

17 MARK BEEMER 

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19 FINAL PANEL: 

20 BRIAN BAALMAN 

21 DEREK PEINE 

22 JOE KREUTZER 
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1 PARTICIPANTS (CONTINUED) 

2 FINAL PANEL (CONTINUED): 

3 MICHAEL ERHART 

4 JIM LANIER 

5 RICHARD HANSON 

6 AL GIESE 

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1 P R O C E E D I N G S 

2 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Good morning, everyone. I'd 

3 ask everybody if you could please take your seats. I 

4 see most of our Panel 2 members are already up here, 

5 but I would request that Panel 4 please come to the 

6 staging area, which is over here to your right, to our 

7 left. 

8 That's Mr. Bullock, Kelly Gilbert, Alan Weber, 

9 Jennifer Weaver, Kevin Herdler, and Bernie Hoffman, 

10 please. Over to the staging area. 

11 With that, I'm going to have Becky Weber begin the 

12 hearing. 

13 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Paul. 

14 Good morning to everyone, and welcome. And thanks 

15 for joining us today. 

16 My name is Becky Weber. I'm the EPA Region 7 

17 Office of Air and Waste Director, which is here in 

18 Kansas City. 

19 We are pleased that our Air Office from 

20 Headquarters, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 

21 is hold the hearing here today in the heartland of 

22 America. And I heard from many of you, and I know 

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1 you're equally as pleased that they're having it here 

2 for travel purposes. I know that they want to hear as 

3 many views as possible on the Renewable Fuel Program. 

4 And as always, the Midwest has been a terrific 

5 host so far. They've already been on an ethanol tour 

6 and been treated to the great barbecue here in Kansas 

7 City. 

8 We'll be hearing testimony today on the Notice of 

9 Proposed Rulemaking for the 2014, '15, and '16 

10 standards under the Renewable Fuel Program, as well as 

11 the required volume for biomass-based diesel in 2017. 

12 The proposed rulemaking was signed by the Administrator 

13 on May 29th and was published on June 10th. 

14 The rule proposes both the volume requirements and 

15 the corresponding percentage standards for cellulosic 

16 biofuel, biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuel, and 

17 total renewable fuel for 2014, '15, and '16. It also 

18 proposes the 2017 volume requirement for biomass-based 

19 diesel. 

20 EPA is inviting comment on all aspects of the 

21 proposed rulemaking, and we specifically ask 

22 stakeholders to provide us relevant and up-to-date data 

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1 and analysis on many issues discussed in the proposal 

2 concerning the supply of renewable fuels. EPA looks 

3 forward to continued engagement with our stakeholders 

4 as we work in consultation with the Departments of 

5 Agriculture and Energy toward the development of the 

6 final rule. 

7 I'm going to hand it over quickly to Ben Hengst, 

8 who will do a quick summary of the rule. 

9 MR. HENGST: Thank you, Becky. 

10 My name is Ben Hengst. I'm the Associate Office 

11 Director for the Office of Transportation and Air 

12 Quality. With me from the Headquarters office, Madison 

13 Le and Paul Argyropoulos, who both are involved in the 

14 RFS program. 

15 So, as Becky said, I'm just going to give a quick 

16 introduction to the proposed rule itself, then hand it 

17 over to Becky to talk a little bit about how we're 

18 going to run the hearing today, and then we'll go ahead 

19 and get started. 

20 So, with respect to the proposal, under the Clean 

21 Air Act, EPA is required to determine renewable fuel 

22 standards each year. While Congress specified volumes 
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1 for each year for all four categories of renewable 

2 fuel, Congress also provided the authority to EPA to 

3 change those volume requirements under certain 

4 conditions. 

5 The cellulosic biofuel standard must be based on 

6 the volume projected to be available using EIA 

7 projections and assessments of production capability 

8 from industry. 

9 The applicable volume of biomass-based diesel must 

10 be determined for 2013 and beyond, as the statute does 

11 not specify the applicable volumes for years after 

12 2012. The biomass-based diesel volume requirement can 

13 be no lower than 1 billion gallons, but it can be 

14 higher following an analysis of a number of factors 

15 listed in the statute. 

16 With regard to advanced biofuel and total 

17 renewable fuel, the statute provides several waiver 

18 authorities that permit reductions in the required 

19 volumes under certain circumstances. We believe those 

20 circumstances are upon us. 

21 More specifically, due to the fact that cellulosic 

22 biofuel has not come online as fast as we had hoped, 

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1 coupled with the current constraints in the fuel market 

2 to accommodate increasing volumes of ethanol, the 

3 volume targets specified by Congress in the Clean Air 

4 Act for 2014, '15, and '16 cannot, in our opinion, be 

5 achieved. 

6 Simply setting the standards at the levels 

7 targeted by Congress and trusting this will 

8 sufficiently incentivize the market to achieve the 

9 mandates in physical gallons for 2016 would, in our 

10 opinion, not be appropriate. The gap between the 

11 volume target and the statute and the actual level of 

12 cellulosic production is simply too big, on the order 

13 of 4 billion gallons. 

14 This gap cannot be closed in the next 12 to 18 

15 months. This is not to say that over time we don't 

16 think it can be closed, just not on this timeframe. 

17 At the same time, we recognize that the statutory 

18 volume targets were intended to be ambitious. Congress 

19 set targets that envisioned growth at a pace that far 

20 exceeded historical growth rates. Congress clearly 

21 intended the RFS program to incentivize changes that 

22 would be unlikely to occur absent the RFS program. 

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1 Thus, while we're proposing to use the tools 

2 provided by Congress to reduce the volumes below the 

3 statutory levels, we are proposing standards that are 

4 consistent with Congress' clear goal of increasing 

5 renewable fuel production and use over time. The 

6 proposal has been specifically designed to overcome the 

7 E10 blend wall. 

8 The proposed volumes would require significant 

9 growth in renewable fuel production and use over 

10 historical levels. We believe the proposed standards 

11 to be ambitious, but within reach of a responsive 

12 marketplace. 

13 Finally, in addition to today's hearing, I just 

14 want to make clear there is also an opportunity to send 

15 us written comments. I'm sure many of you know this 

16 already. There is some paper on the desk out front 

17 that explains exactly how to submit those comments. 

18 The comment period closes on July 27th. 

19 So, with that, let me hand it back to Becky to 

20 talk about how we're going to run the hearing itself. 

21 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you, Ben. 

22 We're conducting the hearing in accordance with 

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1 Section 307(d)(5) of the amended Clean Air Act, which 

2 requires the EPA to provide interested persons an 

3 opportunity for oral presentation in addition to the 

4 written submissions. The official record of this 

5 hearing will be kept open for 30 days to provide for 

6 submission of rebuttal and supplemental testimony. 

7 The hearing will be conducted informally, and 

8 formal rules of evidence will not apply. I will be 

9 serving as the presiding officer of today's hearing, 

10 and as such, I will strike statements from the record 

11 which are irrelevant or needlessly repetitious and will 

12 apply reasonable limits on the duration of the 

13 statement of any witness. 

14 Because we have a very long list of those wishing 

15 to testify today, each person will be given no more 

16 than 3 minutes to provide his or her verbal testimony. 

17 I and other EPA personnel at the table will be keeping 

18 close track of testimony times and will be reminding 

19 each testifier when your time is up. Please be 

20 courteous to those that follow you and keep your 

21 comments to no more than 3 minutes. 

22 We will be using a panel format for today's 
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1 testimony. Six individuals at a time will sit at the 

2 tables up front and will provide their testimony in 

3 succession. Witnesses must state their name and 

4 affiliation prior to making their statement. 

5 When each witness is finished his or her 

6 presentation, the EPA panel will have an opportunity to 

7 ask questions related to the testimony. Witnesses are 

8 reminded that any false statements or false responses 

9 to questions may be in violation of the law. 

10 In order to streamline the process, members of 

11 each panel should be in the room well in advance of 

12 their projected panel time and should make their way to 

13 the staging area to the side of the panel tables while 

14 the previous panel members are finishing their 

15 testimony. The screen behind me will show which panel 

16 is presenting. 

17 If any members of the audience wishing to testify 

18 have not already signed up, please submit your name at 

19 the registration table reserved for those giving verbal 

20 testimony. We'll try to accommodate everyone who wants 

21 to testify. Everyone attending should sign the 

22 register whether or not you testify. 

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1 Thank you very much. And with that, I believe our 

2 first panel is ready to go. 

3 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Just a couple of other points 

4 before we begin. First, I want to remind all panelists 

5 that you need to state your name and organization or 

6 affiliation clearly for our court reporter. 

7 Also, we do have the 3-minute limit, and we are 

8 going to be pretty diligent on that. There was an 

9 indicator there with lights -- red, yellow, and green. 

10 The green will start when you commence to testifying. 

11 At 1 minute, there will be a yellow light, and we 

12 would ask that you wrap up your comments at that point. 

13 And when the red light goes off, that is your reminder 

14 that your time has expired. 

15 Also while we are here, we are here as a hearing. 

16 So we will be listening and listening very intently. 

17 However, no one here on the panel or out of the 

18 audience will be able to ask us any questions. 

19 And with that, I think what we'll do is we'll just 

20 go down in the order of seating. So, again, that's why 

21 it's important that you state your name and 

22 affiliation. We'll start with Mr. Greco. 

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1 Thank you. 

2 MR. GRECO: Good morning, and thank you for the 

3 opportunity today. 

4 I am Bob Greco, downstream group director at the 

5 American Petroleum Institute. API is the only national 

6 trade association representing all facets of the oil 

7 and natural gas industry. API's more than 640 members 

8 include large, integrated companies, as well as 

9 exploration and production, refining, marketing, 

10 pipeline, marine businesses, and service and supply 

11 firms. 

12 Our members' primary RFS concern is the ethanol 

13 blend wall. Serious vehicle and retail infrastructure 

14 compatibility issues exist with gasoline containing 

15 more than 10 percent ethanol. We are encouraged that 

16 EPA has proposed to address this reality. Gasoline 

17 demand increases projected in 2007 did not materialize, 

18 and Congress granted EPA the authority to balance its 

19 aspirational goals with reality. 

20 API supports EPA's use of its explicit RFS waiver 

21 authorities in 2014, '15, '16, and beyond to avoid 

22 negative impacts on America's fuel supply and to 

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1 prevent harm to American consumers. E85 is not the 

2 answer to the ethanol blend wall. We remain very 

3 concerned that EPA presumes E85 demand will drive total 

4 ethanol volumes to exceed 10 percent of gasoline supply 

5 in 2016 and beyond. 

6 History demonstrates that motorists have largely 

7 rejected E85 because, according to AAA data, the fuel 

8 economy penalty ends up costing consumers more money in 

9 the long run. It is unrealistic for EPA to assume any 

10 significant near-term E85 volume increases. 

11 EPA's unrealistic market scenarios fail to account 

12 for the significant retail investments that are needed, 

13 particularly when only 6 to 7 percent of vehicles on 

14 the road can even use the fuel, and Federal action to 

15 sunset the CAFE credit removes the future incentive for 

16 automakers to produce flex-fuel vehicles. 

17 The ethanol-to-gasoline ratio should not exceed 

18 9.7 percent through 2016. This small tolerance is 

19 needed to account for the difficulty in blending 

20 ethanol into every gallon, to ensure a fungible RIN 

21 market, and to preserve a market for consumers to 

22 choose E0 or clear gasoline. EPA minimizes the demand 
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1 for E0 when, in fact, consumers clearly prefer clear 

2 gasoline to both E85 and E15. 

3 It is also inappropriate and invalid for EPA to 

4 increase the biomass-based diesel standard beyond 2017. 

5 The statute requires any increase in the biomass-based 

6 diesel volumes to be finalized at least 14 months prior 

7 to the start of the compliance year. 

8 Finally, EPA still does not have an acceptable 

9 model for predicting cellulosic production capacity in 

10 the time it takes to ramp up production. API 

11 recommends that EPA use actual demonstrated production 

12 and demonstrated ramp-up rates. 

13 In closing, we support the EPA's proposal to waive 

14 the RFS volumes in recognition of the blend wall. This 

15 action is appropriate and necessary to avoid near-term 

16 economic harm. Until Congress repeals or significantly 

17 reforms the RFS, EPA must continue to address the 

18 obsolete volume requirements by exercising its waiver 

19 authorities and revert to the timeline as required by 

20 the statute. 

21 Thank you again for the opportunity to discuss 

22 these issues, and I'm happy to answer your questions. 

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1 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Thank you. Next presenter, 

2 please? 

3 MR. JOBE: Good morning. I'm Joe Jobe, CEO of the 

4 National Biodiesel Board. 

5 Thank you for your recent efforts to get the RFS 

6 program back on schedule and growing and for your 

7 approach in proposing to set category targets at 

8 maximum achievable volumes. It's a common sense 

9 approach that was abandoned on the biomass-based diesel 

10 category. 

11 You stated that -- that where you set those 

12 volumes doesn't matter because production will 

13 ultimately be driven by the total advanced category. 

14 You also acknowledge Congress intended for biomass15 based diesel to have its own category and that 

16 increasing that category can add confidence and 

17 stability. 

18 But you proposed small increases in '16 and '17, 

19 stating that these volumes will serve as a minimum. It 

20 is inconsistent to propose maximum achievable volumes 

21 for all categories in the program, but only minimum 

22 volumes for biomass-based diesel. 

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1 Your concern over competition among noncellulosic 

2 advanced biofuels can be addressed by increasing D4s 

3 and D5s by the same amount. You proposed 1.8 billion 

4 gallons for 2016. We hit that in 2013. We can easily 

5 supply 2.4 billion gallons in '16, but it would be 

6 unreasonable for you to set it below 2 billion gallons 

7 in 2016. 

8 Adding a diesel category to the RFS was the 

9 purpose for the RFS2. RFS1 was just a gasoline market. 

10 That is specifically why then-Senator Obama introduced 

11 the alternative diesel standard in the American Fuels 

12 Act of 2006, which was the precursor policy that became 

13 the EISA. It called for 2 billion gallons of biodiesel 

14 by 2015. 

15 We disagree with your approach requiring biofuels 

16 to compete for reduced volumes in the D5 category. 

17 While encouraging competition among biomass-based 

18 diesel and sugarcane ethanol may sound like a good 

19 thing, it is a flawed approach. These are completely 

20 different fuels with different market dynamics that do 

21 not move in unison. 

22 It is as flawed as expecting freight trains to 

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1 compete against passenger cars. They serve different 

2 purposes and markets. Artificially forcing an 

3 either/or situation is not the kind of healthy 

4 competition that would normally lead to efficiencies. 

5 False competition between products in different markets 

6 defeats the goal of stability and ultimately will 

7 defeat the goal of reducing the cost of the program. 

8 Increase the volumes for 2016 and 2017, and you 

9 will improve the entire program. 

10 Thank you. 

11 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

12 MR. JOHANNES: Welcome to warm and sunny Kansas. 

13 My name is Kenlon Johannes, and I'm the CEO of the 

14 Kansas Soybean Association, and I played a major role 

15 in the beginning of the biodiesel industry in the U.S. 

16 I hope to take you back to the start of the 

17 industry, where we have come, and where we are now. 

18 I'm confident there is room for additional growth in 

19 the current proposed numbers. 

20 Just over 20 years ago, soybean farmers were 

21 struggling to find a market for excess soybean oil, 

22 which is a co-product when soybeans are processed into 
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1 animal feed and soy foods. Soybean oil surpluses were 

2 causing storage problem and lowering prices. Soybean 

3 farmers recognized that the biodiesel market would 

4 increase that demand for soybean oil and offer a 

5 domestic supply of renewable energy. 

6 From the very beginning, the goals were to have a 

7 safe, domestic, clean, renewable fuel to clean the air, 

8 bolster our economy, and provide a fuel feedstock 

9 diversity. Working together, several States pooled 

10 their soybean checkoff funds to begin the research and 

11 technical work to pave the way for what would become 

12 America's first advanced biofuel, biodiesel. 

13 Today not only does biodiesel support domestic 

14 soybean prices, but it also delivers more significant 

15 greenhouse gas emissions reductions than any other 

16 domestic commercial-scale fuel. It is supporting tens 

17 of thousands of jobs across the country, and perhaps 

18 most importantly, it's helping diversify our fuel 

19 supply. 

20 Our dependence on a single commodity -- oil -- 

21 threatens not only our economic stability, but our 

22 national security. Following the intent of the RFS, we 

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1 should be working as aggressively as we can to 

2 encourage the development of clean, alternative fuels 

3 so that we aren't leaving the future generations to a 

4 continued dependence on what could be a finite 

5 resource. 

6 I urge you to include additional biodiesel growth 

7 in the RFS volumes. While recent proposal for these 

8 under the program is a step in the right direction, I 

9 don't think it fully capitalizes on what biodiesel can 

10 do. Substituting higher amounts of biodiesel for 

11 diesel fuel is the simplest way to handle that. 

12 It's clear the U.S. biodiesel industry has the 

13 ability and the capacity to increase production above 

14 and beyond the standards called for in the proposal, 

15 particularly when you consider the potential for 

16 sharply increased imports under the RFS. When farmers 

17 in 1992 considered doing the research and development 

18 for biodiesel, they did it based on two at that time 

19 recent pieces of legislation, the Energy Policy Act of 

20 1992 and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. 

21 They felt comfortable that these two acts would be 

22 there for the biodiesel industry in the future. The 

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1 RFS is the future of those two pieces of legislation, 

2 and it's EPA's role to continue that legacy. 

3 I ask you to reconsider the standards in your May 

4 proposal, finalize stronger standards in 2016 and 2017. 

5 While I continue to believe these volumes are readily 

6 achievable and sustainable, I ask that you set the 

7 standards for not less than 2 billion gallons for 2016 

8 and 2.3 billion gallons for 2017. 

9 Thank you very much. 

10 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

11 And also if I could remind the speakers to put the 

12 mike closer to them? Thank you. 

13 MR. DOYAL: Good morning. My name is Randall 

14 Doyal. I'm CEO of Al-Corn Clean Fuel, a farmer-owned, 

15 50 million gallon per year corn ethanol facility in 

16 Claremont, Minnesota. I also currently serve as the 

17 chairman of the RFA. 

18 Al-Corn Clean Fuel was founded as a cooperative in 

19 1994 by local farmers who wanted to add value to their 

20 corn crop, stimulate the local economy, and contribute 

21 to the enhanced energy security and a cleaner 

22 environment. We are adamantly opposed to EPA's 

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1 proposed rule reducing the RFS volumes from the levels 

2 envisioned by Congress. 

3 The RFS has been a tremendous success and has 

4 worked exactly as intended to drive growth in biofuel 

5 production and consumption. The program has played a 

6 pivotal role in reducing petroleum imports, lowering 

7 gas prices, improving air quality, and strengthening 

8 the economic health of rural America. We simply do not 

9 understand why EPA is proposing to move backward on a 

10 program that has undoubtedly delivered on its promise. 

11 Moreover, the Clean Air Act statute does not 

12 permit EPA to take into account factors that affect 

13 consumption, such as purported infrastructure 

14 constraints or the so-called blend wall, in determining 

15 whether to grant a general waiver of the RFS. By 

16 embracing the blend wall concept, the EPA proposal not 

17 only violates the law, but also undermines the 

18 incentive to expand biofuel production and distribution 

19 capacity. 

20 This allows oil companies to blend only as much 

21 renewable fuel as they're comfortable using. Even 

22 though gasoline consumption may be slightly lower today 
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1 than Congress anticipated in 2007 when RFS2 was 

2 adopted, it was always the intent of the program to 

3 push well beyond the so-called blend wall and increase 

4 the share of renewable fuels in our nation's fuel 

5 supply. 

6 EPA may grant a waiver based on an inadequate 

7 domestic supply of renewable fuel only if the biofuels 

8 industry lacks the capability to produce the required 

9 volumes of renewable fuel needed to meet the statutory 

10 requirements, but that is clearly not the situation 

11 today given record production in 2014 and the 

12 forecasted supply of ethanol and carryover RIN credits 

13 in 2015 and 2016. 

14 It also strikes us as illogical that the EPA would 

15 ignore RIN stocks in determining whether supply is 

16 adequate to meet statutory volumes. Because carryover 

17 RINs represent physical gallons that are or were in the 

18 fuel supply, they must be included in the calculating 

19 the proper RVOs. 

20 Over the past 10 years, the RFS has provided 

21 stability and certainty needed for our business to 

22 invest in multiple expansion projects, as well as new 

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1 technologies to increase production efficiencies, 

2 decrease environmental impacts, and diversify product 

3 streams. We're greatly concerned that backtracking on 

4 the RFS, as EPA is proposing to do, will cause RIN 

5 stocks to swell to burdensome levels, undermining 

6 further innovations and investments in ethanol 

7 production and distribution. 

8 On behalf of both Al-Corn Clean Fuel and the RFA, 

9 I urge you to get the RFS back on track. We encourage 

10 you to abandon the illegal blend wall methodology and 

11 let farmers and ethanol producers respond to the 

12 challenge set forth by Congress in 2007. 

13 Thank you. 

14 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

15 MR. BUIS: Good morning, and thank you for the 

16 opportunity to testify today. 

17 My name is Tom Buis. I'm CEO of Growth Energy. 

18 Growth Energy represents 87 ethanol plants, and about 

19 90 associate members around the country are involved in 

20 the value chain of producing ethanol. 

21 Our members produce ethanol from corn and sorghum 

22 and are leaders in innovating second-generation fuels 

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1 like cellulosic ethanol from corn stover, algae, and 

2 other plant waste. We see the renewable fuel standard 

3 as a modern American success story that's created jobs, 

4 revitalized rural America, injected much-needed 

5 competition into the vehicle fuels market, lowered the 

6 price at the pump, improved the environment, and made 

7 our nation more energy independent. 

8 Unfortunately, while somewhat better than the 

9 previous proposed rule, your latest RVO proposal to 

10 waive the statutory renewable volume obligations would 

11 eviscerate the promise of the RFS. It would cause 

12 severe harm to farmers, the biofuels industry, the 

13 nation's economy, and consumers. The proposal is 

14 already creating great uncertainty throughout the 

15 industry. 

16 The RFS was approved by a bipartisan majority in 

17 Congress and enacted into law 8 years ago. And since 

18 that time, the oil industry has used its considerable 

19 power to delay, litigate, and undercut the RFS at every 

20 step. 

21 Now, by refusing to take any steps to allow higher 

22 biofuel blends into the consumer marketplace, the oil 

Page 33

1 industry is claiming the statutory volumes of the RFS 

2 cannot be met because of the so-called blend wall. The 

3 EPA proposal to waive the statutory renewable fuel 

4 volumes mistakenly accepts this logic. 

5 It ignores the potential for E15 and higher blends 

6 in biodiesel. It ignores the large surplus of RINs, 

7 which could be used. It ignores increased gasoline 

8 demand, and most fundamentally, it ignores the 

9 congressional intent in creating the RFS in 2007. 

10 The program was designed to spur investment in 

11 renewable fuels, not to punish those who invested while 

12 rewarding those who have impeded development. Since 

13 the RFS's inception, the ethanol industry has produced 

14 ample biofuel to meet the obligations of the RFS. 

15 With this proposal and waiving the statutory 

16 volumes on the ground that there is insufficient demand 

17 for higher blends, notwithstanding the fact the 

18 obligated parties have refused to give consumers a 

19 choice at the pump. The statutory level -- excuse me. 

20 Also according to most recent figures, fuel 

21 consumption is going up, 80,000 barrels per day in 2014 

22 and expected increase of another 130,000 barrels per 
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1 day in 2015. 

2 Let me summarize very quickly by just saying if 

3 you seek to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and to 

4 create jobs here in America that cannot be outsourced 

5 and strengthen our rural economy, and if you truly want 

6 cleaner air, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, a better 

7 environment for our children, and lower gas prices for 

8 American consumers, then you need to change this flawed 

9 proposal. 

10 As Ronald Reagan implored to Mikhail Gorbachev 30 

11 years ago, tear down this blend wall. Don't tickle it. 

12 Don't brush up against it. Tear down the wall. 

13 Thank you. 

14 MS. WEBER: Sir? Sir, I want to ask you to 

15 conclude your comments. 

16 MR. ZOOK: Good morning, and thank you for the 

17 opportunity to testify. 

18 My name is Jim Zook, and I'm the executive 

19 director for the Michigan Corn Growers Association. 

20 We're based in Lansing, Michigan. 

21 Our organization represents more than 1,400 corn 

22 growers across the State. Michigan is home to five 

Page 35

1 ethanol facilities. Every ethanol facility in our 

2 State buys their corn locally, usually within an hour 

3 or two drive of the plant. 

4 Thanks to local ethanol production, corn growers 

5 have a local market for their product. This is 

6 especially important at a time when corn prices in 

7 Michigan and nationwide are below the cost of 

8 production. 

9 Ethanol production is also important for the rural 

10 communities we call home. Every one of Michigan's 

11 ethanol plants is located in a rural area, and they 

12 collectively employ a few hundred workers. 

13 In fact, every year, Michigan-made ethanol results 

14 in more than a billion dollars in plant and ancillary 

15 wages that are pumped back into the rural communities. 

16 These ethanol companies buy American-made first and 

17 hire local contractors. 

18 In addition to the local economic benefits our 

19 State enjoys from ethanol production, corn growers have 

20 a sense of pride in creating a product that competes 

21 with the oil industry. First, because ethanol is a 

22 cleaner-burning product, a study last year by Michigan 

Page 36

1 State University researchers showed that the use of 

2 ethanol in Michigan reduces dangerous greenhouse gas 

3 emissions entering our atmosphere by 1.4 million metric 

4 tons annually. That is one of the goals of the RFS2. 

5 And using EPA's estimates, this greenhouse gas 

6 reduction is equivalent to the emissions of about 

7 300,000 cars in our State, and that's every year. As a 

8 result, researchers have shown ethanol is creating a 

9 healthier environment for our families while protecting 

10 our air, land, and the Great Lakes. Reducing the 

11 volumes of ethanol called for in the RFS will reverse 

12 the advancements made in this greenhouse gas 

13 reductions. 

14 Second, we're proud that ethanol plays an 

15 important role in boosting national security. The use 

16 of ethanol prevents more than $44 billion every year 

17 from being sent to other nations to pay for imported 

18 oil, and our military doesn't need to be deployed to 

19 defend our cornfields. 

20 We believe that we can build on the tremendous 

21 accomplishments achieved to date by America's biofuels 

22 industry. Ethanol has revitalized rural communities in 

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1 Michigan, reduced our dependence on foreign oil, and 

2 reduced our greenhouse gas emissions not just in 

3 Michigan, but across the nation. It's a product corn 

4 growers take pride in. 

5 On behalf of more than 1,400 members of our 

6 association, I ask that the EPA act to restore the 

7 renewable volume obligations for each year to the 

8 statutory amount. The RVO should not be limited by 

9 petroleum industry market agreements or their lack of 

10 desire to install infrastructure. 

11 Thank you again for this opportunity to testify. 

12 MS. WEBER: Thank you, James. 

13 Any questions from the panel? 

14 (No response.) 

15 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you to the first 

16 panel. 

17 If Panel 4 could come to the table, and then 

18 you're going to call Panel 6? 

19 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Yes, if Panel 6 could please go 

20 over to our staging area over on your right? Brooke 

21 Coleman, Tim Phelps, Grant Menke, Lucy Norton, Monte 

22 Shaw, and John Caupert. 
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11 (Pages 38 to 41)

Page 38

1 (Pause.) 

2 MS. WEBER: All right. Panel 4 can begin. 

3 MR. BULLOCK: Thank you. 

4 Good morning. My name is John Bullock. I'm chief 

5 strategy officer for Darling Ingredients. Darling has 

6 been at the forefront of advanced biofuels, producing 

7 both biodiesel and renewable diesel. 

8 I'd like to start today by saying something that I 

9 suspect you're probably not going to hear very much 

10 today. Nice Job. 

11 We particularly appreciate you altering your 

12 position on biomass-based diesel and the advanced fuel 

13 mandates. Darling appreciates the serious and 

14 conscientious manner in which the EPA has evaluated the 

15 merits of biomass-based diesel and its contribution to 

16 both environmental and fuel policy. 

17 We were very pleased to see the EPA acknowledge 

18 the industry as a leader in providing cost-efficient, 

19 carbon-reducing fuels. Indeed, the track record is an 

20 American success story. The industry has not only 

21 provided enough biodiesel and renewable diesel to 

22 fulfill the mandated volumes, but it's provided 

Page 39

1 additional gallons, which help fulfill the larger 

2 advanced bucket. 

3 It is important to note that this has been 

4 accomplished while producing fuels that reduce 

5 greenhouse gas emissions at levels exceeding those 

6 required for cellulosic. 

7 However, you have to know that no compliment can 

8 go unpunished today. And so, while Darling applauds 

9 the EPA for altering your course and increasing those 

10 volume obligations from the numbers originally proposed 

11 for '14 and '15, we believe that the EPA has not 

12 provided enough runway for biomass-based diesel, 

13 considering all the benefits and the track record of 

14 the industry. 

15 We would like to see the EPA reconsider its 

16 approach for '16 and '17 for both biomass-based diesel 

17 and advanced biofuels. Darling will submit comments 

18 supporting targets of 2 billion for '16 and 2.3 billion 

19 for 2017 for biomass-based diesel, with corresponding 

20 increases in the advanced biofuel category. 

21 All of the elements are in place to support these 

22 proposed volumes in the coming years. The industry 

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1 possesses all of the capabilities. Feedstocks, 

2 particularly those with the substantial ability to 

3 reduce greenhouse gas emissions, processing capacity, 

4 and distribution infrastructure are in place. 

5 The industry has exceeded its mandate every year, 

6 despite a great recession, an unreliable and largely 

7 retroactive tax policy, and uncertainty concerning the 

8 RVOs. Given this track record of accomplishment and 

9 the clear concept established in the proposed rule of 

10 encouraging expansion of advanced biofuels, it is both 

11 sound logic and common sense that the EPA would 

12 increase the mandates above those proposed in the rule. 

13 Darling today represents over 180 million gallons 

14 of biomass-based diesel. We stand ready to increase 

15 both our biodiesel and renewable diesel platforms if we 

16 see that there is a sufficient growth path established 

17 for the industry. 

18 Finally, I recognize that the EPA is concerned 

19 about expanding the RVO for biomass-based diesel beyond 

20 the limits of the industry's capacity. However, the 

21 volumes we ask for today do not do this. Instead, it 

22 accommodates the existing capacity and encourages 

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1 growth while leaving for growth in the cellulosic 

2 category. 

3 Thank you. 

4 MS. WEBER: Thank you. Go ahead. 

5 MR. WEBER: So good morning. My name is Alan 

6 Weber. I'm a partner with MARC-IV. Our firm provides 

7 technical and economic support to the National 

8 Biodiesel Board. 

9 And given our constraints in terms of time today, 

10 I just want to briefly introduce three topics on our 

11 industry -- economic modeling, the impacts of a growing 

12 biodiesel industry on animal agriculture, and then 

13 interaction of the RFS with other Federal programs, 

14 namely, the most recently passed farm bill. 

15 So each year, our economic team, we work to 

16 analyze both current as well as future market demand 

17 scenarios. We rely primarily upon partial equilibrium 

18 modeling, models that were developed by WAEES, and 

19 you'll have a chance actually later today to hear 

20 directly from Dr. John Kruse. He'll explain more about 

21 the model, as well as some of our results. 

22 So I'd like to just take a step backwards and note 
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1 a couple of things. The first is that last year, 

2 January 2014, we actually conducted a series of 

3 economic runs as it related to our carbon analysis. We 

4 presented that information to you, as well as other 

5 Federal agencies. 

6 And looking back at that work, what I'd like to 

7 note is that we're actually within 1 percent of 

8 forecasting the weighted feedstock cost for 2014. So I 

9 know there's nothing exact in the world of economics, 

10 but our modeling effort is doing a very reasonable job 

11 of forecasting price trends, as well as relative cost. 

12 Second, feedstock production or feedstock costs 

13 right now are at some of the lowest levels in recent 

14 history, and our modeling suggests that those feedstock 

15 costs will remain stable. If we look, for example, at 

16 crude degummed soybean oil last year, it averaged 

17 around 38 cents a pound. First 5 months of this year, 

18 less than 32 cents a pound. We haven't seen those 

19 levels since pre-2009, and yet we're producing at 

20 levels that are historically at some of the highest 

21 levels. 

22 Our economic forecasting suggests that even if we 

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1 set the D4 RVO at 2.1 this year, an increase by 300 

2 million gallons a year, which is obviously higher than 

3 the proposed rule, that we would still see stable 

4 pricing in the future in terms of feedstocks. 

5 So I should also note that in addition to my day 

6 job, I still farm with my family in central Missouri, 

7 or at least this year we're trying to farm. We're a 

8 diversified crop and livestock operation. So all 

9 aspects of agriculture are important to me, including 

10 livestock. 

11 And I think I can sum up the impacts of biodiesel 

12 on livestock in just three easy points. More biodiesel 

13 equals more meal because we use soybeans, equals 

14 decreased feed costs. And this has been documented 

15 empirically. 

16 More biodiesel equals increased carcass values 

17 because of the use of animal fats, which results in 

18 higher revenue streams for livestock producers. This 

19 also has been documented empirically. 

20 And more biodiesel equals more glycerin, which 

21 provides additional options for livestock producers in 

22 terms of energy for their rations. 

Page 44

1 Finally, last week, USDA's Farm Service Agency, 

2 they announced some of the statistics in terms of 

3 enrollment from growers as part of the Agricultural Act 

4 of 2014. Essentially, there are provisions there to 

5 provide a safety net for farmers. 

6 And our economic forecasting, our economic 

7 modeling actually details the fact that where you set 

8 the D4 RVO does impact expenditures at the Federal 

9 level, and specifically, a higher level would result in 

10 lower costs. 

11 Thank you so much, and as always, I'm happy to 

12 follow up. 

13 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Al. 

14 MS. GILBERT: Hello. I'm Kelly Gilbert. I work 

15 for Metropolitan Energy Center, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit 

16 in Kansas City. Our company is host to the Kansas City 

17 Regional Clean Cities Coalition. 

18 I'm here to talk about why the RFS is important to 

19 the Clean Cities mission of reducing petroleum 

20 consumption in the U.S. and why we should retain 

21 aggressive national targets for renewable petroleum 

22 replacements. My job supports the goals of the 

Page 45

1 Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988, the Clean Air Act 

2 Amendments of 1990, as well as the Energy Policy Act of 

3 1992. 

4 These laws encourage the production and use of 

5 alternative fuel vehicles and the reduction of vehicle 

6 emissions. In my job, I provide technical assistance 

7 to fleets deploying alternative fuel vehicles and 

8 advanced vehicles, including large fleets that operate 

9 in multiple States. 

10 Before truck manufacturers widely warranted 

11 equipment for B20, a local municipal fleet was using 

12 blends of 20 percent biodiesel in winter and 50 percent 

13 in summer. The fleet manager didn't pick and choose 

14 which trucks and tractors to use it in. It went into 

15 the municipal underground storage tanks and was 

16 dispensed to all of the diesel equipment. 

17 He didn't warn the mechanics. He didn't warn the 

18 drivers. In fact, he kept it very quiet so he could 

19 track the material impact that biodiesel had on his 

20 fleet. 

21 It turns out there was no increase in unscheduled 

22 service calls, no increase in mechanical failures, and 
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1 as you all know, a decrease in air emissions. This is 

2 a terrific success story, right? Unfortunately, the 

3 price of biodiesel spiked and stayed high, due in part 

4 to regulatory uncertainty. 

5 Our work also brought us into contact with a 

6 school district in central Kansas. They very much 

7 wanted to use biodiesel in his fleet to support the 

8 farmers in his community and State, whose livelihood 

9 include farming biodiesel feedstocks. 

10 However, none of his suppliers offer biodiesel. 

11 It shouldn't be that hard to buy a product that is 

12 made, feedstock to refined product, within his own 

13 State. Regulatory uncertainty is hurting this slice of 

14 the economy in mid America. 

15 Now I could tell you some success stories for 

16 biodiesel or ethanol, and I could tell you more like 

17 what I just did as well. In fact, I have a 

18 heartbreaker. But it's clear by now that it's 

19 imperative that my stakeholders, the public agencies 

20 and private businesses of Kansas and Missouri, not to 

21 mention the farmers and their families and the biofuel 

22 refineries, imperative that they have a stable 

Page 47

1 regulatory environment so a mature biodiesel market can 

2 finally maturely develop. 

3 If biodiesel -- if biofuels are so great, why do 

4 we need a cumbersome regulation to support them? The 

5 short answer is the entrenched petroleum industry. 

6 That industry is currently vital to our way of life, 

7 including our economy and national security. This fact 

8 makes it difficult for consumers, including large 

9 corporations, to make a decision -- to support domestic 

10 renewable fuels just because it's good for the nation. 

11 It's clear that the U.S. biodiesel industry has 

12 the ability to produce quality products and the 

13 capacity to increase production above and beyond the 

14 standards called for in your recent proposal. We 

15 should be building our domestic industry, and doing so 

16 requires strong policy signals. 

17 I ask that you reconsider the biodiesel standards 

18 and urge you to set the standards for no less than 2 

19 billion gallons for 2016 and 2.3 billion gallons for 

20 2017. 

21 Thank you. 

22 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Kelly. 

Page 48

1 MR. HERDLER: Hi, I'm Kevin Herdler, and I'm with 

2 the St. Louis Clean Cities Program. We promote 

3 American fuels, advanced vehicle technologies and 

4 vehicles. Our mission is to reduce our dependence on 

5 foreign oil, replace that oil with American-made fuels 

6 and technologies. By doing so, we improve our air 

7 quality, we create energy security, and most 

8 importantly, we create jobs. 

9 Today, I would like to emphasize how important 

10 biodiesel is to that mission. In 2014, St. Louis 

11 displaced almost 12.4 million gallons of gasoline and 

12 diesel. Fifty percent of that number was biodiesel. 

13 Biodiesel truly has an impact on the St. Louis region, 

14 and it has created and maintained jobs. 

15 I know how important emissions are to you. I've 

16 been involved in 10 clean diesel grants and hoping for 

17 my 11th. St. Louis is currently in nonattainment for 

18 ozone and PM2.5. To go along with the 12-plus million 

19 gallons we displaced in '14, we reduced greenhouse 

20 gases by 111,000 tons. Eighty percent of that was 

21 directly related to biodiesel. 

22 According to EIA, in '13, the U.S. imported 

Page 49

1 3,000,574,781,000 barrels of crude oil and petroleum 

2 products. That cost the United States $388 billion on 

3 imported oil. Think of what we could accomplish if we 

4 put that money into our own economy by growing 

5 dependent on American fuels. 

6 I want to thank you for the most recent proposal. 

7 It is a step in the right direction, and it provides 

8 continued growth. But I feel it doesn't go far enough. 

9 The proposed increase for '17 is only slightly higher 

10 than the 1.8 billion that was produced in '13. 

11 For the final rule, I'm asking that you increase 

12 that to at least 2.4 for '16 and 2.7 for '17, or even 

13 more. I know the biodiesel industry can handle it, not 

14 to mention we're seeing sharp increases in imported 

15 biodiesel from places like Argentina that qualify for 

16 this RFS. 

17 I'd like to ask for some safeguards that gives the 

18 U.S. biodiesel an upper hand over foreign imports. 

19 Remember jobs. 

20 In closing, we improve our U.S. energy security by 

21 using American fuels. Renewable fuels like biodiesel 

22 are diversifying the U.S. fuel supplies and expanding 
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1 domestic refining capabilities so that our economic 

2 stability and national security are not so vulnerable 

3 to global oil markets. That improves U.S. energy 

4 security that because despite U.S. oil production, 

5 petroleum is still a global commodity that is sharply 

6 shaped by geographical factors beyond our control. 

7 Thank you for taking time today in this important 

8 issue that affects so many and can improve America's 

9 energy, economic, and environmental security. 

10 Thank you. 

11 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Kevin. 

12 MR. HOFFMAN: Good morning. Madison, Ben, Paul, 

13 Becky, thank you. 

14 My name is Bernie Hoffman, and I'm here 

15 representing a company called WB Services. And I want 

16 to share that I'm here 100 percent in support of the 

17 RFS as enacted and voice my concern and disappointment 

18 over the current proposed RVO. 

19 But I want to frame that a little bit by sharing 

20 that I am a petroleum engineer by undergrad education. 

21 I spent 20 years in the petroleum industry. I was 

22 also a past president of a regional Society of 

Page 51

1 Petroleum Engineers. 

2 I ride a Harley-Davidson, and I put ethanol3 blended fuels in it all the time. And I drive a flex4 fuel truck. That means that you're going to hear a lot 

5 about things like energy independence, rural jobs, 

6 clean air. I agree wholeheartedly. 

7 But I want to focus today on WB Services, the 

8 company that I'm a partner in and am here representing 

9 because I think WB is a perfect example of what the RFS 

10 means to the United States. It came into being in 2007 

11 with four people who had a vision to help the ethanol 

12 industry grow, diversify, become more efficient, and 

13 today, WB Services is about 180 employees, has worked 

14 in about 100 ethanol plants. And we think we've been 

15 responsible for helping the industry become more 

16 efficient. 

17 In 15 years, we've seen ethanol plants increase 

18 yield, nearly double their energy balance in their 

19 efficiency, reduce natural gas consumption by over a 

20 third, and continue to move down that path. We've also 

21 implemented, as some of you learned yesterday, a new 

22 technology taking corn oil to a drop-in fuel, 

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1 converting to renewable diesel, which we think is a 

2 tremendous benefit and would not be possible without 

3 the host ethanol plants that we intend to build these 

4 and integrate them with. 

5 We're also working on some other technologies 

6 involving niche opportunities to create cellulosic 

7 ethanol, which I believe is the future for the 

8 cellulosic, not -- and I give kudos to people like 

9 DuPont and POET and Abengoa for their efforts. But I 

10 think the real future for cellulosic will be a niche 

11 small, integrated facility at an existing ethanol 

12 plant. 

13 So WB, I think, is an example of what the RFS has 

14 meant to this country. We're among the thousands and 

15 thousands of indirect jobs created, not the direct jobs 

16 that are obvious, and I think there are dozens of other 

17 WBs in the United States that would not exist if it 

18 were not for this industry and the RFS. 

19 Thank you. 

20 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Bernie. Good morning. 

21 MS. WEAVER: Good morning. I'm Jennifer Weaver. 

22 I've served for the past 14 years as the OEM outreach 

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1 and education program specialist for the National 

2 Biodiesel Board. 

3 I'm pleased to report that automaker support for 

4 the use of biodiesel blends in their diesel vehicles 

5 has grown immensely over the past 14-plus years. Now 

6 every major manufacturer producing diesel engines or 

7 vehicles for the U.S. market supports at least 5 

8 percent biodiesel blends, or B5, and over 75 percent of 

9 the diesel vehicles coming off of production lines 

10 today are approved for use with B20 biodiesel blends. 

11 These vehicles include the heavy duty and medium duty 

12 trucks that account for more than 92 percent of the 

13 actual diesel and biodiesel fuel usage in the United 

14 States. 

15 While we believe that the most recent EPA proposal 

16 has significantly improved language regarding biodiesel 

17 blending levels and engine manufacturers, we do believe 

18 that it maintains flawed and misleading language 

19 regarding OEM warranties that should be corrected. 

20 First, it's important to note that original 

21 equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, do not warranty fuel 

22 at all, no matter if that fuel is biodiesel, diesel, 
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1 gasoline, or otherwise. Rather, the OEMs only warrant 

2 the actual parts and workmanship of the vehicle or 

3 engine that they themselves produce, and they simply 

4 provide recommendations for the types of fuel, 

5 lubricants, et cetera, that are suggested for use in 

6 those vehicles. 

7 For example, Caterpillar states within their 

8 commercial diesel engine fluids recommendations that 

9 when auxiliary devices, accessories, or consumables, 

10 such as filters, oil, additives, catalysts, fuel, et 

11 cetera, made by other manufacturers are used on 

12 Caterpillar products, the Caterpillar warranty is not 

13 effective simply because of such use. 

14 Failures that result from the installation or 

15 usage of other manufacturers' auxiliary devices, 

16 accessories, or consumables, however, are not 

17 Caterpillar factory defects and, therefore, are not 

18 covered by Caterpillar's warranty. 

19 Our goal is to work with every equipment 

20 manufacturer to provide credible and truthful 

21 information, along with working to secure their 

22 approval for B20 in every diesel engine moving forward. 

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1 We recognize that the approval level that exists for 

2 each individual company, these approvals in no way 

3 impact the individual warranty statements. 

4 The good news is that we have hard, real-world 

5 data demonstrating that blends above B5 are incredibly 

6 effective, even in older vehicles where higher blends 

7 were not necessarily foreseen. Illinois has had a tax 

8 incentive encouraging the use of B11 since 2004, and 

9 for more than a decade, hundreds of thousands of 

10 vehicles have been successfully using B11 biodiesel 

11 fuel in that State. 

12 Minnesota passed a B10 requirement last year, and 

13 we've seen successful implementation without any uptick 

14 in engine problems resulting from fuels. 

15 The United States biodiesel industry has been and 

16 always will remain, excuse me, absolutely committed to 

17 doing the work necessary to ensure to the successful 

18 use of biodiesel and its many applications. The 

19 National Biodiesel Board highly values our strong 

20 working relationship with the EPA, and we look forward 

21 to the opportunity to provide you with additional 

22 relevant factual and credible data to support a strong 

Page 56

1 national energy policy, including the increasing use of 

2 an advanced biofuel such as biodiesel. 

3 Thank you. 

4 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Jennifer. 

5 Any questions from the EPA panel? No? 

6 (No response.) 

7 MS. WEBER: Thank you to Panel 4. Panel 6, if you 

8 can proceed to the front? 

9 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And also Panel 8, if you could 

10 make your way over to the staging area over on your 

11 right? Scott Averhoff, Wesley Spurlock, Jeff Jarboe, 

12 Kenneth Hartman, Adam Nielsen, and Wayne Anderson. 

13 And it doesn't matter where you sit, if you just 

14 please be reminded, you need to state your name, 

15 affiliation. 

16 MS. WEBER: All right. Go ahead. Thank you. 

17 MR. CAUPERT: Yep. Good morning. My name is John 

18 Caupert. I'm the executive director of the National 

19 Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center. I want to thank you 

20 for the opportunity to testify this morning and discuss 

21 the impact of the proposed RVOs. 

22 As a nationally recognized center dedicated to the 

Page 57

1 research, development, and commercialization of 

2 technologies utilized to produce biofuels, we're on the 

3 front lines of this debate. As stated in The Hill on 

4 Thursday, June 18th of 2015, when the public and 

5 private sectors work together to tackle big problems, 

6 it benefits society as a whole. That's exactly what 

7 we're doing at our center. We're a shining example of 

8 a public-private partnership that works. 

9 The first 6 years of our existence more than 90 

10 percent of our funding came through public sources. 

11 Today, more than 90 percent of our funding comes in the 

12 form of contractual research we perform for the private 

13 sector, with our remaining funds coming In the form of 

14 competitive grants. 

15 Over our 12 years of existence, more than $36 

16 million of contractual research has been performed by 

17 our center, resulting in more than 50 products and 

18 technologies now in the commercial marketplace. These 

19 50 technologies have produced 5,000 direct jobs and are 

20 generating in excess of $5.5 billion of annual revenue. 

21 Due to our dependence on private sector 

22 contractual work, we feel the immediate impact of 
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1 policy unrest. Why? Policy unrest leads to market 

2 uncertainty. Market uncertainty leads to investment 

3 uncertainty. And when the investment community feels 

4 uncertain, research, development, and commercialization 

5 stops. 

6 There is a direct overlap between R&D and 

7 employment. We've trained over 600 unemployed and 

8 underemployed persons to gain skills necessary to go to 

9 work in the new bioeconomy. Ninety-three percent of 

10 these trainees are now gainfully employed in the 

11 biofuels sector. If this proposal becomes final, these 

12 600 people, along with thousands more, will potentially 

13 find themselves back on the unemployment lines. 

14 Our center is staunchly opposed to the proposed 

15 level of RVOs. This proposal has created uncertainty 

16 in the marketplace, resulting in millions of dollars of 

17 biofuels contractual research projects to be postponed. 

18 If the proposed levels are finalized, the result 

19 will be financially devastating to many sectors of the 

20 U.S. economy. Why? Because with this level of RVOs, 

21 investment in research, development, and 

22 commercialization won't be postponed, it won't slow 

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1 down, it'll stop. 

2 In closing, I'd like to draw everyone's attention 

3 to the pin that's on my lapel. I was awarded this pin 

4 Wednesday, June 10th of this year, as authorized by the 

5 Office of the Secretary of Defense. This pin 

6 symbolizes my support of the United States military. 

7 This pin was awarded to me as recognition for 

8 being an employer of men and women serving in active 

9 military reserves and the National Guard. But this pin 

10 symbolizes something much greater than that. It 

11 symbolizes the dedication and sacrifice of all who 

12 serve in the United States military. 

13 You see, ladies and gentlemen, the RFS, it's not 

14 just about clean air, job creation, economic 

15 opportunity, and energy independence. It's also about 

16 national security. Due to the global war on terror and 

17 our nation's continued dependence on imported foreign 

18 oil, thousands of our servicemen and women have paid 

19 the ultimate sacrifice. 

20 The proposed level of RVOs are an insult to all 

21 who have served and a disgrace to all who have died on 

22 behalf of our nation's national security. They fought 

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1 for us. Now it's time that we fight for them and ask 

2 to return to the RVOs to the statutory levels. 

3 Thank you. 

4 MS. WEBER: Thank you, John. Congratulations on 

5 your recognition. 

6 MR. CAUPERT: Thank you. 

7 MR. PHELPS: Good morning. My name is Tim Phelps. 

8 I represent the Indiana Ethanol Producers Association, 

9 the Hoosier State's leading trade association for the 

10 interests of the biofuels industry. 

11 Indiana has 14 ethanol plants that together 

12 produce approximately 1 billion gallons of renewable 

13 fuels annually, ranking the State fourth nationally in 

14 production with almost 8 percent of the market. 

15 Indiana also produced over 3 million tons of DDGs and 

16 approximately 180 million pounds of industrial-grade 

17 corn oil. 

18 According to a recent study of the renewable fuel 

19 sector in Indiana, including conventional, cellulosic, 

20 biodiesel, advanced biodiesel and their suppliers 

21 generate a total of $6.1 billion in economic activity 

22 annually. In Indiana, this economic activity means 

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1 jobs, often in rural communities where they need them 

2 the most. 

3 The same study found that the sector supported 

4 over 25,000 jobs in the State, generating over $1.2 

5 billion in wages. All these numbers about ethanol's 

6 importance to the State of Indiana are critical because 

7 the proposed reduction in the RVO for 2016 is greater 

8 than the entire annual ethanol production capacity in 

9 the State of Indiana. 

10 It is clear the renewable fuel standard has been a 

11 tremendous success for the Indiana economy, cleaning 

12 our air while reducing our dependence on foreign oil. 

13 Efforts to change the RFS will do nothing but 

14 jeopardize this progress while creating uncertainty for 

15 Hoosiers whose livelihood depends on the promises that 

16 the Government made through the RFS. 

17 The RFS gave each stakeholder a different charge. 

18 Farmers were asked to find a way to grow more 

19 feedstocks. Ethanol producers were asked to produce 

20 more renewable fuel. And finally, oil companies and 

21 retailers were asked to find a way to put that fuel 

22 into the nation's fuel supply. 
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1 Ethanol and renewable energy producers, along with 

2 Hoosier farmers, have lived up to their end of the deal 

3 set forth in the RFS, doing it by doing more with less, 

4 innovating to squeeze every ounce of fuel and food out 

5 of each kernel. 

6 Oil companies, on the other hand, have not held up 

7 their end of the deal and have been unwilling to 

8 install the infrastructure needed to introduce higher 

9 blends into the marketplace. And now they're using 

10 this refusal as justification for lowering the RVO. 

11 It's time for the administration to honor the 

12 commitments made in the renewable fuel standard instead 

13 of giving in to those demands who refuse to comply with 

14 the law. 

15 The RFS is America's most successful energy policy 

16 in the last 40 years, and now is not the time to take a 

17 step backwards. The proposed rule is bad for Indiana, 

18 and it's bad for the country. The EPA should return 

19 the RVO to the statutory volume signed by Congress. 

20 Thank you. 

21 MS. WEBER: Thank you. Go ahead. 

22 MR. COLEMAN: Hi, my name is Brooke Coleman, 

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1 Advanced Ethanol Council. I'll take his 14 seconds and 

2 add it onto mine, if you don't mind. 

3 (Laughter.) 

4 MR. COLEMAN: In terms of what we're going to talk 

5 about today, first is the good news. We represent 

6 cellulosic biofuel producers, all of the ones you guys 

7 are putting in the cellulosic table. DuPont, POET-DSM, 

8 Abengoa, Quad County -- we represent those companies. 

9 And so, from a good news perspective, we 

10 appreciate that you're at least moving towards erasing 

11 policy uncertainty. We understand and appreciate that 

12 the advanced numbers are better and that you're trying 

13 to project into the marketplace, you're going to go 

14 through the blend wall, and we appreciate that. 

15 The problem is, as I'm putting on my attorney hat 

16 here, is that we have a problem structurally with the 

17 regulation. And any time you set a goal in a Clean Air 

18 Act regulatory standpoint -- from a Clean Air Act 

19 regulatory standpoint, from an RFS Clean Air Act 

20 regulatory standpoint, once you've agreed where you 

21 want to go, the next most important discussion is under 

22 what conditions those obligations are waived. 

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1 And that's, of course, as you know, as the best 

2 regulators in the world, that's the critical 

3 discussion. Because at that point, that's where -- 

4 that's where the rub is in the regulation. And what we 

5 have and when we had this discussion in 2005 and 2007, 

6 which is instructive for today, we knew that from an 

7 investment standpoint, we could live with if the 

8 renewable fuel is too expensive then we don't have to 

9 use it. And that's severe economic harm. 

10 We knew that we could live with the second waiver 

11 provision, which is if there's inadequate domestic 

12 supply, i.e., not enough of the renewable fuel, we 

13 could live with that. Because if we didn't produce it, 

14 of course, you're going to waive it. 

15 We knew then that what we could not live with was 

16 what we call distribution waivers. Senator Inhofe 

17 proposed it in 2005. It was rejected in the final 

18 bill. It was scratched from the law. It was scratched 

19 from the law for a very, very, very specific reason, 

20 and that's because the oil industry controls 

21 distribution. 

22 And so that if you send a signal to the 

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1 marketplace that you really, really wanted to have the 

2 numbers be bigger and the cellulosic biofuel industry 

3 be more robust, but simultaneously tell the oil 

4 industry that every gallon of renewable fuel that they 

5 avoid from a distribution and sales standpoint will get 

6 waived from the RFS, and every gallon of renewable fuel 

7 that you actually voluntarily buy and distribute will 

8 get mandated for use going forward, the oil industry is 

9 not stupid. They are not going to sign long-term 

10 offtake agreements with our industry. 

11 And when long-term offtake agreements are not 

12 signed, financing does not flow. And so, we have a 

13 problem here that we need to fix. EPA is saying we've 

14 got to fill up the bucket, but EPA has also got a big 

15 hole in the bottom of the bucket. 

16 And so, if we can clean up by November the 

17 problems that you guys have in both the general waiver 

18 authority bucket and the D3 cellulosic waiver bucket, 

19 then this RFS will return to where we need it to go 

20 very, very quickly. If we can't, we're not going to 

21 see the innovation that EPA wants to see. 

22 And I appreciate very much the EPA is trying to do 
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18 (Pages 66 to 69)

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1 that. We can get there. If you look at the industry 

2 and why that chain reaction of waiver problems is 

3 happening, it's an unforced error. We have an industry 

4 that has 15 billion gallons of capacity. You're not 

5 counting billions of carryover RINs. 

6 We can get to the statute that would allow you to 

7 erase the waiver problems that is creating the 

8 consternation that you're going to see in the room 

9 today. 

10 Thank you. 

11 MS. WEBER: Thank you. Go ahead, Monte. 

12 MR. SHAW: All right. Monte Shaw with the Iowa 

13 Renewable Fuels Association. 

14 First, I want to thank you for holding this 

15 hearing a little closer to Des Moines, Iowa, than 

16 Washington, D.C., and I am told that some of the EPA 

17 staff who are here in Kansas City for the hearing took 

18 advantage of that to go visit a nearby ethanol 

19 biorefinery. And for some, it was their first time to 

20 see one firsthand, and I really hope that did serve to 

21 demystify the efficiency and environmental stewardship 

22 of modern ethanol production. 

Page 67

1 But at the same time, I must confess to being 

2 mystified by EPA's recent RVO proposal, given its also 

3 recently released analysis of RINs and their impact on 

4 retail motor fuel cost and their role in incentivizing 

5 greater access to higher renewable fuel blends of 

6 ethanol and biodiesel. 

7 I will focus on this today because much of the 

8 data in that study and the market observations came 

9 from our home State of Iowa. The takeaways from EPA's 

10 OTAQ assessment of RIN market dynamics, prices, and 

11 effects are clear. First, RINs do not impact overall 

12 fuel prices. 

13 Number two, RINs can reduce the wholesale and 

14 retail cost of fuels with high renewable content, like 

15 E85 and B20. 

16 Three, the RIN program provides a market-based 

17 mechanism to allow compliance flexibility for obligated 

18 parties. 

19 Four, the extent -- to the extent that some 

20 obligated parties are impacted differently, those 

21 impacts are due to individual business decisions. And 

22 most importantly, RIN prices are the primary way the 

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1 RFS program can incentive the increased blending and 

2 consumption of renewable fuels in the U.S. 

3 In fact, this EPA analysis concluded, and I'll 

4 quote, "The RIN market seems to be functioning 

5 generally as expected, providing an incentive for 

6 continued growth of renewable fuels in the 

7 transportation fuel market without causing overall 

8 increases to the retail price of transportation fuel." 

9 Now, of course, that conclusion was written based 

10 on data before the recent RVO proposal was made public. 

11 The RVO proposal before us today I believe ignores 

12 each and every one of those conclusions from EPA's own 

13 internal analysis. 

14 To justify the RVO proposal, the EPA cited a lack 

15 of biodiesel -- or excuse me, biofuel distribution 

16 infrastructure masquerading as a supply shortage. And 

17 since the proposal was made public, RIN values have 

18 dropped precipitously. That reduces the incentive 

19 retailers have for offering those higher blends of 

20 ethanol and biodiesel, and it increases relative to 

21 unblended fuels the cost of E85 and other renewable 

22 fuel blends. 

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1 The EPA is not responding to an infrastructure 

2 shortage for higher ethanol blends with this proposal. 

3 The EPA is creating it. By slashing the RFS, the EPA 

4 slashes the very incentive to install higher blend 

5 infrastructure. 

6 This fundamental flaw in the EPA's understanding 

7 of the RFS and market dynamics must be addressed and 

8 corrected if we are ever to achieve the market 

9 competition goals that Congress outlined when passing 

10 the RFS. 

11 So, finally, the bottom line remains clear. There 

12 is no legal, marketplace, or consumer rationale for 

13 reducing the conventional biofuel level below the RFS 

14 statutory requirements. The EPA must enforce the RFS 

15 as Congress wrote the law. 

16 Let the RINs do their job. Don't mess with the 

17 RFS. 

18 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Monte. 

19 MS. NORTON: Good morning. I'm Lucy Norton with 

20 the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association, and in my role, I 

21 work with retailers to increase the blend levels of 

22 ethanol and biodiesel in their product offerings at 
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19 (Pages 70 to 73)

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1 convenience stores, as well as cooperatives. 

2 Since the approval of E15 as a registered fuel, 

3 the IRFA has focused on making this new fuel widely 

4 available so Iowans have access to another fuel option 

5 and the lowest-cost fuel on the market today. Our 

6 efforts to make it widely available have been met with 

7 resistance from retailers once they realize they cannot 

8 sell it year round. Iowa has lost E15 retailers due to 

9 the summer blending restrictions. 

10 The other impediment, regardless of how 

11 enthusiastic a retailer is about E15, are the 

12 restricted branded oil contracts that outright prohibit 

13 the sale of E15 or make it so cumbersome or so costly 

14 that retailers are willing to forego the additional 

15 revenue they can generate by selling E15. 

16 Those retailers, though, that have overlooked this 

17 limited time only availability have had great success, 

18 and we have seen where E15 has outsold E10 in some 

19 cases. Retailers who have switched from offering E15 

20 as a flex fuel only have had dramatic increases in 

21 sales. We've had retailers whose sales have increased 

22 by 93 percent when they offer E15 as a registered fuel 

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1 versus a flex fuel. 

2 Retailers are seeing E15 capture 27 to 47 percent 

3 of their total fuel sales. Adding E15 as an option 

4 increases sales volumes, and it brings in new 

5 customers. 

6 Prohibiting the sale of E15 in States like Iowa, 

7 where we don't have access to low vapor pressure blend 

8 stock, causes E15 sales to plummet during the summer 

9 season. As an example, we have a retailer in northern 

10 Iowa with vigorous E15 sales during the season. When 

11 summer comes around, those sales drop by over 70 

12 percent. 

13 Retailers are losing sales revenue during the 

14 summer months because they cannot sell E15 as a 

15 registered fuel. We do have retailers who have had 

16 great success with E15 when they're allowed to sell it. 

17 Consumer demand is high. Contrary to the blatantly 

18 false claims that a blend wall exists, even more 

19 motorists would buy E15 if it were just available. 

20 In a recent poll by the Tarrance Group, people 

21 were asked if they would buy E15 if they owned a 2001 

22 and newer vehicle and it was cheaper than E10, and 71 

Page 72

1 percent said yes. What was even more eye opening was 

2 that 76 percent of these respondents said they'd drive 

3 out of their way to get E15 if it was 5 to 10 cents 

4 cheaper and not available at their regular station. 

5 So it's obvious that motorists are more loyal to 

6 their wallets than they are to any store brand, and 

7 maybe that's why branded oil companies are doing 

8 everything they can to make the so-called blend wall 

9 impenetrable. 

10 It's obvious motorists want more affordable 

11 American-produced fuel choices. The oil company 

12 statements about the inability to blend more ethanol 

13 are downright false. It can be done. 

14 The answer to more ethanol blending lies in the 

15 hands of the EPA. Make the most successful energy 

16 policy today even more successful by granting 

17 registered E15 a waiver. 

18 Thank you. 

19 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Lucy. 

20 MR. MENKE: I'm Grant Menke with Iowa Renewable 

21 Fuels Association. 

22 First, let me state that EPA's proposal for 

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1 biomass-based diesel volumes under the RFS for 2014 to 

2 2017 is an improvement over the November 2013 proposal. 

3 It's a positive that the proposal allows for graduated 

4 volume increases, but we still believe there is plenty 

5 of room for improvement. 

6 Specifically, IRFA urges the EPA to increase its 

7 biomass-based diesel targets to at least 2 billion 

8 gallons for 2016 and at least 2.3 gallons -- billion 

9 gallons, excuse me, for 2017 in the final rule. 

10 In support of this request, I want to share some 

11 Iowa-specific data with you today, courtesy of the Iowa 

12 Department of Revenue, to demonstrate the remarkable 

13 growth in availability and use of higher biodiesel 

14 blends in our State over the past few years, data which 

15 runs contrary to the inaccurate suggestion that there 

16 are engine warranty limitations on the use of biodiesel 

17 for the current in-use fleet. 

18 Since 2010 when RFS2 went into effect, both 

19 biodiesel production and biodiesel sales in Iowa have 

20 soared, multiplying by a factor of roughly 4.5. 

21 Biodiesel production has jumped from 48 million gallons 

22 in 2010 to 227 million gallons in 2014, while total 
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1 B100 sales in Iowa have expanded from 7.4 million 

2 gallons in 2010 to 33.3 million gallons in 2014. 

3 Even more remarkable is the growth in the average 

4 blend level of biodiesel-blended gallons sold. In 

5 2010, the average blend level of biodiesel-blended 

6 gallons sold in Iowa was 3.1 percent. By 2014, the 

7 average blend level had more than tripled to 9.4 

8 percent. 

9 Think about that. Of all biodiesel-blended 

10 gallons sold in Iowa in 2014, the average blend level 

11 was a B9.4. Now I'm not a mathematician, but you 

12 simply can't get to B9.4 without selling a significant 

13 amount of B10 and B20. 

14 If there was ever any question on whether blends 

15 above B5 can be sold year round, Iowa's record of 

16 success should put that argument to rest. And the fact 

17 that Iowa drivers haven't had any issues using these 

18 increasingly higher blends of biodiesel, even in the 

19 cold winter months, really shouldn't come as any 

20 surprise, especially considering that more than 75 

21 percent of diesel engine and vehicle manufacturers 

22 approve the use of up to B20. 

Page 75

1 If higher biodiesel blends can be successfully 

2 utilized in Iowa, as well as other cold weather States 

3 such as Minnesota and Illinois, then there is no reason 

4 that this model cannot be replicated nationwide with 

5 the right policy framework in place. 

6 As stated above, Iowa has been a case study on the 

7 success of higher biodiesel blends. The remarkable 

8 growth in the availability and use of higher biodiesel 

9 blends in Iowa since the implementation of RFS2 is just 

10 one of many compelling reasons the EPA can and should 

11 increase its proposed biomass-based diesel volumes for 

12 2016 and 2017 to at least 2 billion and 2.3 billion 

13 gallons, respectively. 

14 Thank you. 

15 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Grant. 

16 Any questions? 

17 (No response.) 

18 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you to Panel 6. 

19 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Okay. As the next panel makes 

20 its way, just a reminder, we do have our timer there. 

21 Please be cognizant of that. 

22 I'll ask the next panel, Panel 10 representatives, 

Page 76

1 to please move over to the staging area over there on 

2 your right. Gene Youngquist, Jim Leiting, Ray 

3 Defenbaugh, Charlie Good, Sally Stricker, and Tim 

4 Columbus. 

5 MS. WEBER: All right. Panel 8. Scott, do you 

6 want to get it started? 

7 MR. AVERHOFF: My name is Scott Averhoff, and I'm 

8 speaking against the proposed renewable fuel volumes 

9 for calendar year 2014, '15, and '16. 

10 Thank you for the opportunity to testify today. 

11 I'm a corn, cotton, wheat, and sorghum farmer from 

12 Waxahachie, Texas, which is just south of the Dallas13 Fort Worth metroplex. I currently serve on the board 

14 of the Corn Producers Association of Texas and am 

15 speaking on behalf of our association's membership and 

16 myself. 

17 The State of Texas has four operating ethanol 

18 plants, which produce ethanol at a nameplate capacity 

19 of 390 million gallons. While my State may not be 

20 among the largest ethanol producers, we are amongst the 

21 largest ethanol users of the product. In 2014, Texas 

22 consumed 1.2 billion gallons of ethanol, approximately 

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1 9 percent of the domestic consumption. 

2 This doesn't take into account the considerable 

3 amount of ethanol's co-product, distillers grains, used 

4 in Texas feedlots and dairies. 

5 Living in a nonattainment area, I can appreciate 

6 that ethanol lowers the level of toxic emissions in 

7 vehicle exhaust gas compared to gasoline. Energy 

8 experts estimated global ethanol use to reduce 

9 greenhouse gas emissions by 100 million metric tons in 

10 2012, equivalent to taking 20.2 million vehicles off 

11 the road. 

12 The EPA should not halt progress made to reduce 

13 air pollution, improve human health, and reduce 

14 greenhouse gas emissions by moving forward with this 

15 proposal. Despite increases in the amount of coarse 

16 grains used for ethanol over the years, the amount of 

17 land dedicated to such crops, including corn, has 

18 actually decreased 6.9 percent globally from 1980 to 

19 2013. 

20 Farmers in Texas plant approximately 2 million 

21 acres of corn each year and have done so since before 

22 the RFS. The agriculture industry has been able to 
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1 meet the rising demands of all uses primarily by 

2 increasing the crops' yields through advancements in 

3 technology and management practices. 

4 In this regard, it is important to also note that 

5 the same bushel of corn used to make this fuel is also 

6 making distillers grains, a high-protein feed for 

7 livestock. Disrupting demand for corn used for ethanol 

8 as put forth by your proposal would have a rippling 

9 effect to the agricultural commodities market that will 

10 impact more than just corn farmers. 

11 Lessening the demand in the ethanol market for 

12 corn will cause farmers to plant alternative crops, in 

13 turn increasing those crops' production and decreasing 

14 their price. This not only impacts farmers, but 

15 taxpayers as well through increased layouts of 

16 commodity and crop insurance programs. 

17 Since the beginning -- since the inception of the 

18 RFS, American corn farmers have risen to the challenge 

19 of increasing our production to meet the demand for 

20 this renewable fuel while still providing for existing 

21 markets and maintaining a surplus. U.S. consumers have 

22 benefited by having a clean-burning, domestically 

Page 79

1 produced fuel. 

2 The EPA should not turn its back on Americans and 

3 halt the progress toward cleaner air and access to 

4 renewable fuel resources. The proposal put forth by 

5 your agency would be detrimental to our nation. I urge 

6 the EPA to restore the renewable volume obligations for 

7 each year to the statutory amount and maintain a strong 

8 methodology. 

9 Thank you. 

10 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Scott. Wesley? 

11 MR. SPURLOCK: Good morning. My name is Wesley 

12 Spurlock, and I'm from Stratford, Texas, in the Texas 

13 Panhandle. And I currently serve as a director on the 

14 Corn Producers Association of Texas and am speaking for 

15 our association's membership. And I'm speaking against 

16 the proposed volumes that have been placed for '14, 

17 '15, and '16. 

18 While the oil and gas industry may play a 

19 prominent role in the Texas economy, the ethanol and 

20 renewable fuels are important not only to myself and 

21 the growers, but also to our State's economy as a 

22 whole. The renewable fuels sector generates $12.6 

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1 billion total economic output in Texas. This sector 

2 also has 53,000 jobs that it touches and works with and 

3 has salaries of $2.9 billion per year. It also pays 

4 $563 million in Federal taxes. 

5 From an environmental standpoint, it could be 

6 argued that no one has a greater stake in looking out 

7 and caring for the natural resources than the farmers. 

8 I'm a fourth-generation farmer. The fifth and sixth 

9 generations of our family work on the farm at this 

10 time, and the seventh generation is playing in the 

11 dirt. 

12 I can only do -- and this legacy of our family, we 

13 cherish, and we want to continue this and go down this 

14 path for future generations. I can only do this by 

15 preserving our family's land and natural resources. 

16 By implementing better management strategies and 

17 new technologies, I can produce the same bushel of corn 

18 my father did for half of the water, and that's 53 

19 percent decrease in what we've done in the past. Land 

20 use, 30 percent less. Soil erosion is 67 percent less. 

21 And energy use on our farms is 43 percent less than a 

22 few years ago. Our greenhouse gas emissions are 36 

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1 percent less. 

2 However, as I look at the overall sustainability 

3 of my farm, I must consider the economics. As a 

4 businessman, this has been tricky in recent months as 

5 the corn prices drop below the cost of production. 

6 Your agency's proposal will displace 1.5 billion 

7 bushels of corn. This action will negatively impact 

8 the price of corn and drive it further below the cost 

9 of production. 

10 These implications reach beyond the farmers' 

11 wallets and can easily increase Government outlays and 

12 risk management. However, I think everyone in this 

13 room can agree that we don't want that. 

14 Texas is the second-largest agricultural State due 

15 to the crop production and also the vast livestock 

16 industry. Many Texas farmers are both crop and 

17 livestock producers. With this diverse background, I 

18 can appreciate the importance of the ethanol market to 

19 the agricultural industry as a whole. Even with the 

20 growing demand for corn for ethanol, livestock feed 

21 remains the largest use for U.S. corn. 

22 While our nation's farmers have continued to meet 
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1 the demands for feed in the ethanol industry, this 

2 introduced an arguably equal amount of feed coming back 

3 from the ethanol industry into the livestock industry 

4 with our distillers grains. The availability of 

5 distillers grains places approximately -- 

6 MS. WEBER: Sir, please conclude your comments. 

7 MR. SPURLOCK: -- 1 billion bushels of corn in the 

8 livestock rations, providing an efficient, high9 quality, and high-value feed product for livestock 

10 domestically and internationally. As such, the effect 

11 of ethanol on the cost of feeding livestock is minimal, 

12 and this is evident with the current prices of corn. 

13 The renewable fuel standard is an entirely -- is 

14 entirely is an invaluable program for the nation and 

15 the economics and the environmental standpoint. The 

16 RFS pushes our nation to meet and exceed standards that 

17 will make America the ideal environment to live in 

18 while encouraging positive domestic economic growth. 

19 The proposal put forth by the EPA this year is a 

20 huge step backwards from all programs and everything it 

21 has gained since the inception of the RFS. I urge the 

22 EPA to restore the renewable volume obligations for 

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1 each year to the statutory amount. 

2 Thank you. 

3 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Wesley. Go ahead. 

4 MR. HARTMAN: My name is Kenneth Hartman, 

5 president of the Illinois Corn Growers Association. 

6 I farm with my family near Waterloo, Illinois, 

7 which is 25 miles southeast of St. Louis. My wife and 

8 I have three daughters, one attending Kansas State 

9 University and two in high school still living at home, 

10 helping us on the farm. My middle daughter was just 

11 elected to the Illinois FFA Section 22 president. 

12 My family has been involved in agriculture all our 

13 lives, participating in Farm Bureau, 4-H, FFA, Gateway 

14 FS Cooperative, as naming a few. I'd like to think 

15 there are many opportunities ahead for my family, 

16 should they want to come back on the farm. 

17 My family raised -- milked registered Holsteins, 

18 grew corn, soybeans, alfalfa, hay, and wheat. We no 

19 longer have our dairy, but we have two ethanol plants 

20 within 45 miles of our farm, creating another source of 

21 demand for our crops. 

22 Eighteen months ago, on December 5, 2013, I 

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1 participated in a similar hearing. Now 18 months 

2 later, you are proposing to reduce the volume numbers 

3 for 2014 from 14.4 billion gallons down to 13.25 

4 billion gallons. And for 2015, down from a statutory 

5 number of 15 billion gallons of conventional ethanol, 

6 down to 13.4. The proposed volume for 2016 is 14 

7 billion instead of 15 billion gallons. 

8 Illinois farmers are still wondering what are you 

9 thinking, and where is the authority? The facts are 

10 that we produced 14.1 billion gallons of conventional 

11 ethanol in 2013 right after a 100-year drought, which 

12 was above the statutory requirement of 13.8 billion 

13 gallons for 2013 established by Congress. This was 1 

14 billion gallons more than what you proposed for 2014. 

15 Where is the logic in this statement? 

16 In 2015, we are expected to produce over 14.4 

17 billion gallons, which, again, is 1 billion gallons 

18 more than your proposal for 2015. Currently, the 

19 production capacity of the current ethanol industry is 

20 15.7 billion gallons, well above the RFS standard 

21 limits on the conventional ethanol. 

22 In the crop year following my testimony of 

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1 December 5, 2013, U.S. corn farmers grew a record crop 

2 of over 14.2 billion bushels of corn, with an expected 

3 carryout of 1.95 billion bushels. We are on pace in 

4 2015 to grow another exceptional crop. 

5 Your proposal for 2015 is sending an illogical 

6 signal to the market that according to U.S. EPA, we 

7 don't have -- we don't need 350 million bushels of corn 

8 for the 1 billion gallons of ethanol, and you're also 

9 signaling that the oil industry does not need to comply 

10 with the original statute. 

11 When this proposal was announced, the price of 

12 RINs dropped, and what happened to the E85 price? Some 

13 of our more aggressive marketers had to raise their 

14 price for E85 fuel, which did what? It reduced the 

15 sale of E85. 

16 You have violated the intent of Congress and the 

17 RFS2 by protecting oil monopoly on the gasoline market 

18 by reducing the volume numbers of fuel that is cheaper, 

19 cleaner, and more valuable. EPA is definitely not 

20 picking -- EPA is definitely picking a winner, siding 

21 in with big oil as the winner over farmers and 

22 consumers. 
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1 Thank you. 

2 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: I just want to remind our 

3 panelists, please be cognizant of the time. We have a 

4 lot of people to get through. So we appreciate you are 

5 respectful for that. 

6 Thank you. 

7 MR. JARBOE I'll speak quickly. My name is Jeff 

8 Jarboe. I'm a farmer from Loda, Illinois, and I farm 

9 corn and soybeans with my wife and my family. I serve 

10 on the Illinois Corn Growers Association as a vice 

11 president, and I am the immediate past chairman of the 

12 Illinois Council on Best Management Practices. 

13 The Illinois Corn Growers Association opposes the 

14 administration's proposed conventional biofuels volume 

15 numbers for 2014, '15, and '16. We suggest that there 

16 is adequate supply of corn feedstocks and conventional 

17 ethanol to fulfill the RFS2 requirements for 

18 conventional biofuels for the 2014, '15, '16 years. 

19 If this rule is finalized, as proposed, we believe 

20 it violates the statutory responsibility of the U.S. 

21 EPA and the intent of Congress. The argument that 

22 there is not an adequate supply of corn-based ethanol 

Page 87

1 based on lack of infrastructure for higher blends is 

2 simply not true. The U.S. EPA and the administration 

3 have chosen to give the obligated parties a waiver to 

4 the rule and statutes. By doing so, they're making 

5 farmers and consumers the losers, saddling us with this 

6 proposal. 

7 Ultimately, the EPA is walking away from its core 

8 mission, which is to protect the environment within the 

9 parameters established by Congress. Prior to your 

10 agency's recent interference, the RFS standard has been 

11 a model of resounding success for the environment. 

12 Additionally, it has provided benefits to 

13 consumers, national energy security interests, and 

14 rural economies. It's also reduced our dependence on 

15 foreign oil. This was the vision that Congress had 

16 when they passed the second renewable fuel standard in 

17 2007. 

18 Based on the intent of Congress and the law, the 

19 ethanol industry has invested and constructed 

20 production capacity to over 15 billion gallons to meet 

21 the requirements of conventional biofuels for 2015 and 

22 2016. Little did the ethanol plants know that this 

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1 investment may sit idle so the petroleum industry would 

2 not have to sell more E85 or E15 to more than 85 

3 percent of the vehicles currently capable of using the 

4 fuel. 

5 Based on the proposed RVO numbers for 2014, '15, 

6 and '16, I expect that the other feedstock technologies 

7 will be more hesitant in making the investments in 

8 future capacity. Additionally, based on the 

9 congressional intent and the law, corn farmers across 

10 our nation stepped up, invested in new genetics and 

11 traits, enhanced our sustainability, improved on-farm 

12 infrastructure, and delivered the corn crop that we 

13 said we could for the purposes of enhancing our 

14 nation's air quality and improving lives. 

15 We delivered our part of the bargain. It's time 

16 you delivered yours. Congress provided the tools for a 

17 successful biofuels policy. All you have to do is to 

18 implement the RFS2 requirements in the law and move the 

19 volume numbers for 2015 and '16 to 15 billion gallons, 

20 as passed by Congress. 

21 I respectfully submit these comments today in full 

22 expectation they be considered thoughtfully and with 

Page 89

1 due credit along with the hundreds of other biofuel 

2 supporters who have shown up in Kansas City today. 

3 Thank you very much. 

4 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

5 MR. ANDERSON: Good morning. My name is Wayne 

6 Anderson, and I am a grain farmer from Geneseo, 

7 Illinois. I serve as a director on the Illinois Farm 

8 Bureau, representing a five-county region in and around 

9 the Quad Cities. I also serve as an interlocking 

10 director for the Illinois Corn Growers Association. 

11 I am here this morning representing myself, my 

12 State and county farm bureaus, and my many friends and 

13 neighbors who benefit directly and indirectly from the 

14 strong renewable fuel standard. 

15 Early on, I recognized potential that renewable 

16 fuels had to chew up enormous piles of corn that were 

17 sitting outside of every country elevator. These piles 

18 were a visible indicator of some of the lowest real 

19 prices of corn over the past century. 

20 So I took a risk and bought into ethanol's 

21 potential, investing my money in Algona, Iowa, ethanol 

22 plant. I was a strong advocate 10 years ago for the 
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Page 90

1 first renewable fuel standard and 2 years later for the 

2 RFS2. 

3 The energy policy worked. The market for ethanol 

4 expanded. Corn prices began their steady rise and 

5 finally topped the magic $3 mark. Yeah, it's hard to 

6 imagine a time when $3 corn was considered bullish. 

7 Today, I'm fortunate to live and farm 15 minutes 

8 away from a CHS ethanol plant in Annawan and just 25 

9 minutes away from Big River Resources in Galva. The 

10 two plants in my county have a combined annual 

11 production capacity of 240 million gallons. 

12 I supply corn to both of these plants. These 

13 plants are getting more efficient. The CHS plant will 

14 soon convert corn oil into biodiesel, and they began a 

15 year ago capturing the steam to produce 30 percent 

16 electricity that they use in their plant. 

17 Not only have these plants created construction 

18 jobs, full-time jobs, steady markets for me and my 

19 neighbors, they have lifted the Henry County economy. 

20 They have generated tens of millions of dollars worth 

21 of economic activity. Stores which probably would have 

22 closed are still open. 

Page 91

1 And how did it happen? It happened because 

2 Congress took a bold step when our country recognized a 

3 need to rely more on domestically produced, 

4 environmentally friendly bio-based fuels. 

5 Ethanol and biofuels are fulfilling that promise. 

6 Advanced biofuels are no longer 10 years away. They 

7 are a reality. Now those of you who write the rules 

8 and determine the RVOs for the next year, this year and 

9 the next year have the legal obligation to keep your 

10 promise to Congress and to the American people and to 

11 blend a significantly higher renewable fuel into the 

12 proposal. 

13 Congress set the standard. EPA must meet it 

14 without making excuses, without rewriting the law, 

15 because Henry County, Illinois, depends upon it. 

16 Thank you. 

17 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

18 MR. NIELSEN: Good morning. I'm Adam Nielsen. 

19 I'm the national legislative director for Illinois Farm 

20 Bureau, providing testimony on behalf of our 80,000 

21 farmer members and for our president Rich Guebert, who 

22 was unable to make it today. He's planting soybeans. 

Page 92

1 I'd like to begin by stating that while Illinois 

2 Farm Bureau strongly opposes the agency's proposed RVOs 

3 for this year and next, that compared to the last 

4 proposal, at least you are proposing to place renewable 

5 fuel volumes on a slightly upward trajectory. 

6 Based on the feedback you received, you must have 

7 recognized your November 2013 proposed rule amounted to 

8 a monumental slap in the face to the industry and to 

9 people like Wayne and Ken and Jeff, and many of the 

10 other farmers here in the room. Although we have our 

11 doubts, we hope the 2-year cloud of uncertainty created 

12 by the agency that hangs over the industry and would-be 

13 investors will, in fact, be partially lifted in 

14 November. 

15 We appreciate your attempts to more accurately 

16 account this time around for the amount of motor fuel 

17 actually being consumed in the United States, and we 

18 hope that's a number that you will continue to monitor 

19 until the day the rule becomes final. Bottom line is 

20 we think there is room for a much steeper trajectory 

21 for the RVOs, and we urge you to find it. 

22 After listening to us and to our adversaries 

Page 93

1 today, it might feel like you have found a policy sweet 

2 spot. But the fact of the matter is that over time EPA 

3 has clearly taken the teeth out of the RFS. By 

4 redefining "inadequate supply," you have made it up as 

5 you've gone along and in doing so thumbed your nose at 

6 congressional intent and rendered the law meaningless. 

7 It all seems so arbitrary. 

8 As an organization that pushed hard to pass the 

9 RFS2, we urge you to find a way to reverse the damage 

10 you've done. It's not too late. 

11 Finally, we feel obligated to point out that EPA's 

12 disappointing lack of enthusiasm for biofuels is wildly 

13 inconsistent for an agency and administration that has 

14 been willing to pull out all the stops to pursue a 

15 vigorous climate change agenda. It's incomprehensible 

16 that an agency and administration so single-minded 

17 fails to recognize and take full advantage of the 

18 scientifically proven GHG reduction contributions of 

19 corn-based ethanol, biodiesel, and next-generation 

20 renewable fuels. 

21 If addressing climate change is your goal, please 

22 recognize we are part of the solution. 
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Page 94

1 Thank you. 

2 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Adam. 

3 Any questions? 

4 (No response.) 

5 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you to the panel. 

6 Thanks for your travels from Texas and Illinois. 

7 All right. Panel 10, please proceed to the front. 

8 Do you want to call the next panel? 

9 (Pause.) 

10 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: For our next panel, we're going 

11 to have Senator Curt Friesen from Nebraska, Senator 

12 Whitney Westerfield from Kentucky, and also Director 

13 David Bracht from Nebraska Energy Office. 

14 MS. WEBER: Go ahead. Thank you. 

15 MR. GOOD: I'm Charlie Good from Nevada, Iowa. 

16 I'm a retailer here representing myself. 

17 And the ethanol fuels industry, for me, I'm just 

18 completing my second year. Ninety-two percent of my 

19 total sales were ethanol based. With the addition of 

20 E15 to E85, I increased my sales the first year by 18 

21 percent. This year, I am up another 7.5 percent, and 

22 that is even with the waiver in place where I cannot 

Page 95

1 sell it as a registered fuel through the summer driving 

2 season. 

3 I'm a small independent with two major chains, 

4 with four stores against me, and I continue to increase 

5 my sales because I have something to offer that they 

6 don't. The other thing is this 10 percent blend wall 

7 that the oil companies have dreamed up, if that's 

8 correct, I wouldn't have increased by 18 percent, and I 

9 wouldn't be increasing by another 7.5 this year. 

10 The RFS, the decrease in the RFS will cause -- in 

11 our area we've already seen a lack of investment by 

12 major corporations that are willing to put into the 

13 renewable fuels industry. As a retailer, I also have 

14 an auto repair business. I'm an ASE-certified auto 

15 tech. These are the same motors that have been tested 

16 by your Government agency that could use E15 and higher 

17 blends. 

18 And when the Department of Energy calls me and 

19 says how come more people aren't using E15? Well, the 

20 answer is very simple. It's because you're not letting 

21 us with these rules and regulations that we can't sell 

22 during the driving season, that this will somehow hurt 

Page 96

1 the warranties of the vehicles. 

2 And the Government has tested these vehicles, and 

3 these are the same vehicles that are being used in 

4 Brazil right now that's getting ready to raise its 

5 ethanol content to 27 percent. So that when the big 

6 oil companies and the car manufacturers are sitting 

7 here with stock investments, they're not going to let 

8 us get into this market. 

9 Clean air technology, direct injection technology 

10 on the new motors is more suited for ethanol-blend 

11 fuels than regular blend. And as a small retailer, 

12 it's helped me bring in business. 

13 I've learned a lot about the industry and stuff, 

14 but the one thing that I do know is that the American 

15 people have stock in the American farmer and the 

16 American economy and the American security. And when 

17 you continue to want to send money overseas when we 

18 could make the fuels right here, it's something that 

19 the American public doesn't understand. 

20 And 20 years ago, we were told we were going to be 

21 out of fuel and we needed to do something different. 

22 So we did, and now we're being penalized for it. 

Page 97

1 Thank you. 

2 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Charlie. 

3 MR. YOUNGQUIST: Good morning. My name is Gene 

4 Youngquist, and I'm a fourth-generation farmer from 

5 Cameron, Illinois. I presently serve on the board of 

6 directors of Big River Resources, LLC. 

7 When I retired from farming 15 years ago, my three 

8 sons who were involved in our family farm, and we made 

9 the decision to diversify our livestock, grain, and 

10 seed corn production by investing in ethanol. I joined 

11 15 other producers from Iowa and Illinois in developing 

12 a new generation co-op whose main offices are in West 

13 Burlington, Iowa. 

14 The co-op made a major decision to build a 40 

15 million gallon ethanol plant. We were successful in 

16 raising over 55 percent of the construction cost by 

17 convincing over 500 corn producers that processing 

18 ethanol from abundant corn supplies was the answer for 

19 adding jobs to our shrinking rural communities while at 

20 the same time increasing feed supplies with DDGs for 

21 the livestock producer. 

22 Also, ethanol is a high-octane renewable fuel to 
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Page 98

1 be used as an option to stretch our shrinking fossil 

2 fuel supply and to balance our imports by reducing our 

3 demand for Middle East crude oil. The decision by the 

4 EPA to reduce the goals set by our legislators that 

5 would have gradually expanded the production of a 

6 proven and successful industry is not only a punch 

7 below the belt but is considered illegal by a majority 

8 of Midwestern voters. 

9 If the EPA does not honor the intent of the 

10 legislation, many jobs will be lost, and family farm 

11 investors will lose their investment and investment 

12 income. It will destroy the economic advantages that 

13 rural communities have developed from the many 

14 individual businesses and contractors serving the 

15 ethanol plants. 

16 Earlier, I mentioned Big River Resources started 

17 with an ethanol plant producing 40 million gallons of 

18 ethanol a year. That was in 2004. We now have 4 

19 production plants which employ over 240 people. 

20 These 4 plants annually produce the following: 

21 approximately 400 million gallon of ethanol, 11.6 

22 million gallon of nonfood oil, and 1.1 million tons of 

Page 99

1 dried distillers grain, which is a co-product produced 

2 from the production of ethanol and is used as a high3 protein livestock feed. 

4 Big River Resources also has 6 elevator facilities 

5 in 3 counties, which provide 15 million bushels of 

6 grain storage for our producers. Big River has made a 

7 huge impact with economic development in our rural 

8 communities. 

9 Please consider carefully the information I have 

10 presented, as our rural communities need the ethanol 

11 industry. 

12 Thank you. 

13 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

14 MR. LEITING: Good morning. My name is Jim 

15 Leiting. I am the chief operating officer for Big 

16 River Resources, which, as Gene has explained, is a 

17 locally owned ethanol producer in Iowa, Illinois, and 

18 Wisconsin. I'm here to testify on the inequity of the 

19 proposed renewable volume obligation levels. 

20 The renewable fuel standard was developed and 

21 passed into law by Congress to provide market access 

22 for renewable fuels. That market is controlled mainly 

Page 100

1 by the oil industry, with over 50 percent of the retail 

2 fuel stations. In order to access that market, they 

3 need the obligation to provide the higher blends for 

4 what the standard allows. 

5 Additionally, the standard was set to reduce our 

6 nation's dependence on foreign oil. We all remember $4 

7 gas in 2008 when oil was $140 a barrel. Today, it is 

8 $60 a barrel. 

9 Reduce the cost of fuel to the consumer. The 

10 benefit today, the consumer enjoys $1.50 savings on 

11 gasoline from the peak. 

12 Improve the environment with clean air from 

13 oxygenated fuels. Ethanol provides that oxygen to the 

14 fuels. 

15 Provide lower carbon intensity fuels. Ethanol is 

16 20 percent less in carbon intensity. So we reduce 

17 greenhouse gases in our environment. 

18 And provide the incentive to invest and develop a 

19 domestic fuel industry, providing economic benefits of 

20 value-added products and jobs throughout the Midwest 

21 and the nation. As Gene has indicated here today, that 

22 has happened. 

Page 101

1 The renewable fuel standard has been the most 

2 successful program passed by Congress into law in 

3 decades. The proposed renewable volume obligations 

4 defeat the intended purpose of the renewable fuel 

5 standard and threatens those benefits that have 

6 achieved success by this program. 

7 I request the EPA reconsider the proposed levels 

8 of renewable volume obligations to reinstate the 

9 program as Congress had intended and allow our 

10 industry, our communities to continue to flourish. 

11 Thank you. 

12 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Jim. 

13 MR. DEFENBAUGH: Good morning. I'm Ray 

14 Defenbaugh, president and CEO, chairman of the board of 

15 Big River Resources and also a board member of Absolute 

16 Energy. And I'm here to urge you to keep the RFS on 

17 track and to restore the renewable fuel obligations. 

18 And I am opposed to the EPA proposals for a number of 

19 reasons. 

20 Big River, a 400 million gallon plant, 4 different 

21 companies. I'm a member also of the Urban Air 

22 Initiative. I'm a banker, chairman of the board of a 
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Page 102

1 $400 million bank, and it concerns me as to the effect 

2 it'll have in our rural customer base. It'll be a 

3 negative effect. 

4 I'm chairman of Priming the Pump. I'm a member of 

5 the Grains Council, and I am a farmer. So we are 

6 dependent somewhat on foreign oil, have been a little 

7 less now as a result of our renewable fuels. 

8 I've taught in Russia and Moldova, and I've seen 

9 what poor government policy can do. And if we are 

10 dependent on other countries for our energy and if we 

11 destroy agriculture such as other countries have done -

12 - and I've seen this in the Ukraine, and I've seen it 

13 in Moldova, and I've seen it in Russia as well. If we 

14 destroy agriculture and are dependent on other nations 

15 for our food, we won't get that back. 

16 They haven't got it back, and we won't, and it'll 

17 bring this country to their knees. And I don't think 

18 that's a situation we want to get into. 

19 I think if this proposal is put into effect, it'll 

20 raise gasoline prices between 4 and 6 cents. 

21 Consumption will increase. Ethanol sales will fall by 

22 2.6 billion gallons. Greenhouse gases will increase by 

Page 103

1 10 million metric tons, and it'll be a $22 billion 

2 windfall for an oil industry. I don't think that's 

3 something that the Government should be doing. 

4 EPA's proposal for 2014, 2015, and 2016 RVOs takes 

5 the RFS program backward. It violates the law, and 

6 we've got over 2 million people in prison for violating 

7 the law. And I don't know why EPA thinks they can 

8 violate the law. It's proposing that inadequate 

9 domestic supply is necessary, and I don't think that's 

10 a problem. 

11 The EPA's proposal rewards bad behavior by the 

12 obligated parties. The proposal damages the RIN 

13 mechanism and reduces incentives to invest in renewable 

14 fuel infrastructure, and it denies the fact that the 

15 blend wall can be overcome. 

16 EPA's proposal discourages investment in the next 

17 generation of biofuels. And with that, I conclude my 

18 remarks by repeating keep the RFS on track. 

19 Thank you. 

20 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Ray. Sally? 

21 MS. STRICKER: Hi. My name is Sally Stricker, and 

22 I work at Joe's Auto Service in Portland, Michigan. As 

Page 104

1 you consider the future of the renewable fuel standard, 

2 I'd like to share with you a personal story. 

3 I work about 28 miles from my home, and in 2010, I 

4 decided to purchase a brand-new Ford Fusion for my 50th 

5 birthday. I wanted something I liked, something I 

6 could depend on, and something that was good on gas 

7 mileage, especially since the economy was not doing 

8 well and I drive more than 28 miles a day to work. 

9 At that time, gas cost me over $200 a month just 

10 to drive to work. And for a single mom, that's getting 

11 pretty tough. 

12 One day in the fall of 2013, one of my customers 

13 came in and he was talking about the carbon green 

14 bioenergy and this yellow hose campaign, which promotes 

15 savings from the E85 gas. To be honest, I never 

16 thought I could use E85 because I didn't really know 

17 what it was. 

18 After the customer left, I asked my boss. I said, 

19 "So what is he talking about?" My boss looked at me 

20 and said, "You mean you don't use that? You have that 

21 little emblem on your car. You can use that." 

22 So Joe filled in me in on just how much money I 

Page 105

1 could save driving in to work using E85 gas and how it 

2 wouldn't hurt my car. He was right. Today, I fill up 

3 with E85 every time, and it's saving me more than $80 a 

4 month. Let me tell you, being a single mom, that's a 

5 lot of money. 

6 I am lucky that the gas station a mile and a 

7 quarter down the road from me, they carry it. I went 

8 in there and personally thank the manager, Wesley, all 

9 the time just for carrying that. So convenient. 

10 I do lose gas mileage, but saving 70 cents a 

11 gallon still gets money in my pocketbook. Today, I 

12 have a yellow hose sign in front of my desk. People 

13 come in all the time. They're so uninformed and 

14 unaware of what it really is, and they get excited just 

15 talking about it. 

16 I tell everyone I can about the opportunity to use 

17 E85. It's amazing just how many people don't know. 

18 I appreciate the chance to tell my story today. I 

19 wanted to let you know what a big difference it's 

20 really played in my life. 

21 Thank you. 

22 MS. WEBER: Thanks, Sally. Thanks for sharing. 
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Page 106

1 MR. COLUMBUS: All right. Good morning, members 

2 of the panel. My name is Tim Columbus. I'm partner at 

3 Steptoe & Johnson in Washington. I appear today on 

4 behalf of our client, the Society of Independent 

5 Gasoline Marketers of America. 

6 Earlier this morning, I filed at the registration 

7 area a much more substantial statement, which I ask be 

8 included as a part of the record, and the National 

9 Association of Convenience Stores joins that statement. 

10 SIGMA's approximately 265 members across the 

11 country sell something over 40 percent of the retail 

12 fuels consumed in the United States. While they are 

13 generally supportive of the RFS, SIGMA believes two 

14 things. 

15 Number one, there is a blend wall, i.e., there's a 

16 limit on how much biofuels the market can and will 

17 absorb. Number two, breaching that blend wall would 

18 generate terribly negative economic consequences for 

19 the country. 

20 I think I'm the third person today who's looked up 

21 and said we support the adoption of the proposal as 

22 proposed, and I'll explain why. We believe that it 

Page 107

1 strikes a reasonable balance to require more biofuels 

2 be introduced into the fuel pool while not reaching the 

3 blend wall. However, I will tell because we're in 

4 Kansas City and I'm a fan of Rodgers and Hammerstein, 

5 we think you've gone about as far as you can go right 

6 now. 

7 There are two things you need to understand up 

8 front. Number one, obligated parties for the most part 

9 in this country do not control the flow of fuel to the 

10 consumer. Obligated parties, most people think of as 

11 the integrated oil companies, you know, control and 

12 operate less than 4 percent of the retail outlets in 

13 the United States. Ninety-six percent plus of the 

14 retail outlets in the United States are controlled by 

15 independent marketers and independent dealers. 

16 The second thing is that "build it, and they will 

17 come" only worked once. It was in a movie. It was 

18 Kevin Costner. And I'm telling you supply will be 

19 pulled by demand. If, in fact, consumers come in and 

20 demand higher blends of ethanol, then something will 

21 happen that will generate higher-blended fuels in the 

22 market. 

Page 108

1 However, it is also very important that you 

2 understand that there is a limit to retailers' ability 

3 to sell products containing more than 10 percent 

4 ethanol with the existing infrastructure. There are 

5 legal constraints, including regulations under the 

6 Occupation Safety and Health Act, State laws, and local 

7 laws. 

8 Recently, in an NRL study, NRL diminished this as 

9 a concern saying, well, there's lots of compatible 

10 equipment. My friends, it is not -- compatibility is 

11 essential. It is not sufficient. 

12 A retailer is obligated to know as a matter of law 

13 what equipment is being employed underground. That's 

14 not just the tanks. That's the pipe dope. That's the 

15 couplings. 

16 Since 1990, well over 40 percent of the retail 

17 outlets in the United States have changed hands. Many 

18 people who are operating retail outlets do not know 

19 exactly what they have underground every day. 

20 Now if you are selling more than E10 and you don't 

21 know that your equipment is compatible, you are 

22 violating not only OSHA. You are violating EPA's 

Page 109

1 recently, like Monday, promulgated underground storage 

2 tank rules. 

3 In conclusion, SIGMA believes that EPA has done 

4 the best it can under tough circumstances in striking a 

5 balance between its statutory objective and market 

6 realities. And I'm happy to respond to any questions 

7 that my testimony may have raised. 

8 I urge you to adopt these standards promptly to 

9 return some certainty to our market. Thank you very 

10 much. 

11 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Tim. 

12 Any questions? 

13 (No response.) 

14 MS. WEBER: No? Thank you to the panel. 

15 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Our next panel, please join us. 

16 And I'll also call Panel 12 over to the staging area. 

17 Christopher Standlee, Kirk Spikes, Tom Robb, David 

18 Cox, Brenda Heffelfinger, and Joe Regnery. 

19 MR. FRIESEN: Good morning. My name is Curt 

20 Friesen. I'm a fourth-generation corn farmer and 

21 senator in Nebraska's Unicameral Legislature, 

22 representing District 34. 
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Page 110

1 My district contains a large amount of the corn 

2 grown in Nebraska and the most ethanol plants across 

3 any district in the State. Expanding out, Nebraska is 

4 the second-largest producer of ethanol and the third5 largest producer of corn in the nation. But Nebraska's 

6 ethanol industry didn't start out that way. 

7 Up until the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was passed, 

8 Nebraska had just a few ethanol plants, with one of 

9 those operating sporadically throughout the year. The 

10 true incentive and support for today's modern ethanol 

11 industry came when Congress passed the Energy 

12 Independence and Security Act of 2007 that updated the 

13 renewable fuel standard with biofuels usage totaling 36 

14 billion gallons and specifically conventional biofuels 

15 of 15 billion gallons. 

16 The support from Congress and the President gave 

17 great incentive and especially certainty for rural 

18 economic development to happen that now includes 24 

19 ethanol plants across Nebraska and over 100 across the 

20 U.S. And with any successful economic development 

21 program, you don't withdraw support midway through the 

22 program. 

Page 111

1 But if you finalize the 2015 and 2016 RVOs as 

2 proposed, this is exactly what you're doing and thus 

3 showing a lack of incentive for rural economic 

4 development and job creation, and you're slashing 

5 certainty for the current and the next generation of 

6 biofuels. 

7 And I'm going to defer a little bit from my 

8 written testimony and talk a little bit about the blend 

9 wall, and I think that seems to have been a recurring 

10 theme here. But the blend wall is actually existent 

11 only because we do not have the cooperation of the oil 

12 industry in allowing the different blends to be under 

13 the canopy. 

14 And I know they talk a lot about the independent 

15 stations that are out there that can do whatever they 

16 want. But in reality, if they do not follow what the 

17 franchisees' agreement is, they will jerk their name 

18 off the canopy. And so there is a blend wall, and 

19 that's only occurred because of the oil industry's 

20 reluctance to blend more fuel. 

21 So my message today is clear and concise. Don't 

22 mess with the RFS. Show the industry some certainty 

Page 112

1 through 2022 and beyond. 

2 Because of the renewable fuel standard, the 

3 ethanol industry in Nebraska and the nation is booming. 

4 Nebraska produces nearly 2 billion gallons of ethanol 

5 each year, and this, in turn, employs over 1,300 

6 employees mainly across rural Nebraska counties. 

7 Nebraska has one of the lowest unemployment rates 

8 in the nation, thanks to agriculture and the markets, 

9 such as ethanol, that have been created. Rural 

10 communities that Nebraska's ethanol plants are located 

11 in have seen a revival that has not been witnessed 

12 since rural electricity across the State. 

13 As you propose, reducing the RFS numbers from what 

14 Congress passed will only hurt Nebraska and every 

15 agricultural State in the nation. Jobs will be lost. 

16 Rural communities will struggle, and State revenues 

17 will shrink. And consumers will lose choices, and the 

18 environment will lose an ally. 

19 I am proud to say that I, along with 41 out of 49 

20 State senators, co-signed onto a letter to EPA 

21 Administrator Gina McCarthy, asking the EPA not to 

22 change the RFS. To paraphrase this letter, we said 

Page 113

1 don't mess with the RFS. 

2 I and other Nebraska senators understand the 

3 importance of the ethanol industry not only in 

4 Nebraska, but for the nation. When you can get more 

5 than 85 percent of your colleagues to come together in 

6 urging the EPA Administrator to leave the RFS alone, 

7 you're making a big statement. 

8 And this statement needs to be heard by you today. 

9 The adverse effects with the reduced numbers are too 

10 great to mention. 

11 Two years ago when my daughter and son-in-law and 

12 their three children said they wanted to come back to 

13 the family farm, he was a professor at Cal Poly in 

14 California, and he saw the opportunity to come back to 

15 the farm. I -- you know, I was kind of thrilled. They 

16 were going to be the fifth-generation farmer. 

17 And so, I thought it would be a good idea. I knew 

18 the corn market was variable, and we go through these 

19 cycles regularly, and the corn market would go up and 

20 down. But we would have some low cycles in the market. 

21 The ethanol industry has created a great market 

22 for corn farmers and an opportunity for my daughter and 
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1 her family to return to the family farm, and many 

2 others like her. The corn market was stable and helped 

3 corn prices rise to profitable levels. And 

4 unfortunately, today we're operating at or below the 

5 cost of production because of supply and demand. 

6 If we reduce the RFS numbers below the level that 

7 Congress passed, then the corn markets will only become 

8 worse. My family farm, other multi-generational farms, 

9 and young farmers are the key to the future of 

10 agriculture. They are motivated entrepreneurs. They 

11 know they have to feed 9 billion people by the year 

12 2050. 

13 And how do we feed 9 billion people? Young 

14 farmers, they know how. They use the knowledge and 

15 skills today along with technology to grow more with 

16 less. We already have plans in place to feed 9 billion 

17 people. We grow more corn using less land and fewer 

18 inputs. 

19 The last couple of years, we have produced bumper 

20 crops, and we have relied on markets, especially 

21 ethanol, to consume our record crops. We need the 

22 ethanol market to continue and to expand our market for 

Page 115

1 corn. We are producing the corn to feed the world, and 

2 now we need the ethanol market to keep up with corn 

3 production. 

4 In conclusion, the ethanol industry has provided 

5 great opportunities -- opportunities for the next 

6 generation of family farmers, opportunities for rural 

7 America, and opportunities for our environment. Now we 

8 just need you, the EPA, to step up and continue to 

9 provide opportunities for consumers and increase 

10 choices at the fuel pump. 

11 You have heard from many today, and my message 

12 will be the same. Support the original intent of 

13 Congress and the people, and don't mess with the RFS. 

14 Thank you. 

15 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Senator. Thanks for coming 

16 from Nebraska. 

17 MR. WESTERFIELD: Good morning. My name is 

18 Whitney Westerfield. I'm the State senator from 

19 Christian County, Kentucky, the 3rd Senate District. 

20 It's a three-county district in west Kentucky. 

21 Three of the biggest rural ag counties Kentucky can 

22 claim, Todd, Christian, and Logan County. Together, a 

Page 116

1 little over 25 million bushels of corn produced last 

2 year in those three counties. Needless to say, I would 

3 ask that you reverse your course and maintain the 

4 statutory requirements of the RFS. 

5 I want to highlight specifically just the economic 

6 impact to Hopkinsville and Kentucky, and really 

7 Tennessee even for that matter, because of the ethanol 

8 plant that exists there in Christian County. It's one 

9 of the most successful ethanol plants in the country. 

10 Not necessarily the biggest, but certainly one of the 

11 most successful. 

12 It has -- while it pulls from farmers all over the 

13 region, it actually is a farmer-owned co-op, revenue14 sharing arrangement there. So you've got farmers in 59 

15 of Kentucky's 120 counties that are enjoying profits 

16 from this ethanol plant. It also has some farmers in 

17 Tennessee that are enjoying revenues from this ethanol 

18 plant. 

19 The district, my Senate district and the rest of 

20 the commonwealth has benefited from the RFS and from 

21 the ethanol plant that's come there. Commonwealth 

22 Agri-Energy is that plant. It's safe to say that the 

Page 117

1 money that it makes is plowed directly back into this 

2 community, my community, and the communities in those 

3 other 59 counties and those farms and those families. 

4 The five or six counties around the plant supply 

5 the majority of the corn needed for the 35 million 

6 gallons that it can produce. But I also want to talk 

7 about not just that, but also the benefits within the 

8 community outside of directly related to the farmers. 

9 The Commonwealth Agri-Energy ethanol plant farmers 

10 are business leaders and community leaders. They serve 

11 on school boards, fire departments, economic 

12 development groups, like all the others -- many others 

13 you've heard today. 

14 A strong farm economy means more agribusinesses to 

15 supply those inputs, machinery, et cetera. Family 

16 businesses not farming related thrive as well. These 

17 are the supporters of farm operations, like welders for 

18 grain bins, electricians for grain dryers, mechanics 

19 for tractors. The jobs that agribusiness has created 

20 in the community that I'm familiar with and that I 

21 represent are solid, important, and critical to the 

22 economy of western Kentucky and the rest of the 
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1 Commonwealth. 

2 We'd like to say a farm family's corporate 

3 headquarters are not in a foreign country or even 

4 another State. They are at the kitchen table. Money 

5 made in ag stays in the community. 

6 That helps everyone in the community, from the 

7 grocery to the car dealer. And at least in Kentucky, 

8 estimates show that ag dollars roll over in the 

9 community six or seven times, that they're spent there 

10 in that local economy. 

11 The ethanol plants also added an additional buyer 

12 for corn growers in the area. That's helped to create 

13 a premium price for grain delivered there, and I see 

14 that I'm out of time. 

15 I want to summarize this so that I can be quiet 

16 and that red light will quit blinking. You've built -- 

17 you asked for a grain infrastructure to support this. 

18 You have called upon the farmers of the entire country 

19 to develop this, and they've done that. 

20 It's driven innovation. It's driven their 

21 investments. And you know that to create a farming 

22 operation is not cheap. It takes a lot of capital 

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1 investment on the front end and ongoing investment, and 

2 you asked for that, and you've allowed this apparatus 

3 to exist and to grow and develop. 

4 And now you're considering pulling the rug out 

5 from underneath them, and I think that's going to do 

6 more harm than good. And I would advise you, I would 

7 plead and ask that you remember what investments have 

8 been made by the farmers not just in Christian County 

9 and west Kentucky and Tennessee, but everywhere else 

10 that you've heard from today, remember that investment 

11 and remember what you've asked them to do. 

12 And consider that when you -- consider that 

13 seventh generation that's playing in the dirt or the 

14 seven or eight kids from my old high school that were 

15 here that rode on a bus to come and listen to this and 

16 take part in this. They're the next farmers, and they 

17 need to take advantage of what you all have asked to 

18 have set up, this industry, this economy. 

19 Thank you. 

20 (Applause.) 

21 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Senator. 

22 MR. BRACHT: Thank you, panel. 

Page 120

1 And my name is David Bracht. I am the director of 

2 the Nebraska Energy Office. 

3 First, I want to thank you for allowing testimony 

4 an issue that has a significant impact on agriculture 

5 industry, on agribusiness, on all U.S. citizens, and 

6 specifically on the Nebraska farmers, ethanol industry 

7 workers, and rural communities who I am here today to 

8 represent. 

9 My comments today represent not only my concerns 

10 as director of the Energy Office for the State of 

11 Nebraska, but also the concerns of Nebraska Governor 

12 Pete Ricketts and Nebraska Director of Agriculture Greg 

13 Ibach. 

14 Nebraska is the second-largest ethanol State in 

15 the nation. We have 24 active plants, 1,300 direct 

16 employees and many other supporting employees, and an 

17 annual impact of $5 billion. Our State will be 

18 impacted significantly by this policy. 

19 Soon after the Environmental Protection Agency 

20 proposed cuts to the volumes for 2014, 2015, and 2016 

21 that were mandated by the renewable fuel standard, 

22 leaders from ethanol-producing States and national 

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1 ethanol industry officials voiced their concerns that 

2 the reduced RFS volumes would cool investment in 

3 ongoing development and innovation within the sector. 

4 I'm here today to tell you that prediction has already 

5 come true. 

6 Last week, Nebraska Governor Ricketts was in 

7 Copenhagen, Denmark, as one of many stops during a 

8 European trade mission that focused in part on 

9 recruiting bioscience investment into Nebraska. While 

10 there, Governor Ricketts met with the chief executive 

11 officer of Novozymes, which currently operates a 

12 manufacturing facility in Blair, producing industrial 

13 enzymes used by the ethanol industry. 

14 That plant employs over 100 people. When it was 

15 first opened in Nebraska in 2012, their investment was 

16 $200 million. In 2014, they turned a $382 million 

17 profit. 

18 The Novozymes facility in Blair is but one part of 

19 a bioscience and renewable processing campus that has 

20 grown over the last 20 years to support the ethanol 

21 industry. Today, five companies operate there, with an 

22 aggregate investment of over $2 billion. 
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1 With its great success, Novozymes had been 

2 considering expansion, and Nebraska was in the running 

3 for that development. However, during his visit last 

4 week, Governor Ricketts was directly informed by 

5 Novozymes officials that they were pulling back from 

6 additional U.S. investment in the ethanol sector due to 

7 the EPA proposal to cut the RFS. 

8 As our Governor pointed out on the trip, when the 

9 EPA changes the rules, it creates uncertainty and 

10 hampers job creation. I've had personal experience of 

11 the results of that uncertainty. 

12 Prior to becoming the director of the Nebraska 

13 Energy Office, as an attorney in the renewable energy 

14 sector, I represented a company developing an advanced 

15 ethanol processing facility. After a significant 

16 investment time, years in fact, and money from the 

17 founders and initial investors, that project was 

18 terminated at the end of last year due in large part to 

19 the uncertainty created by the rule changes proposed by 

20 EPA. 

21 Federal Government proposals once set should not 

22 be returned to "what if" scenarios. When the renewable 

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1 fuel standard was established in 2005 and updated in 

2 2007, Nebraska corn and biofuel sectors set themselves 

3 on a course of action. They recognized the value this 

4 policy had in diversifying the U.S. domestic fuel 

5 supply while providing economic benefits for healthy, 

6 sustainable rural communities. 

7 Our plants represent $5 billion in economic 

8 impact, jobs that generally pay above the average in 

9 these small communities and an increase in value of 

10 each bushel of corn produced by area farmers. Our 

11 State has joined with others in the Midwest to improve 

12 our ability to create a supply chain that has and can 

13 fulfill a consistently growing demand for ethanol. 

14 We've done it, and we can continue to do it, if given 

15 the chance. 

16 Finally, I'm confused by an administration that 

17 claims to want cleaner, less carbon-producing sources 

18 of overall energy for the nation and then makes a 

19 policy proposal that does exactly the opposite. The 

20 scientific evidence exists to support ethanol's claims 

21 as a cleaner-burning fuel than conventional gasoline. 

22 And Nebraska ethanol producers continue to make 

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1 improvements as their plants -- to improve efficiency 

2 and get more value out of the basic inputs. Many also 

3 have been looking at next-generation biofuels but have 

4 said that the administration's ongoing waiver in the 

5 RFS policy has given them pause. 

6 In closing, I urge the administration to maintain 

7 the commitments made in 2007 when the Energy 

8 Independence and Security Act was improved. Steady 

9 growth in the renewable fuel standard has helped to 

10 reduce harmful emissions, decreased our dependence on 

11 foreign sources of fuel, and created an economic driver 

12 for many rural economies across the Midwest. 

13 Again, thank you for allowing me to testify today. 

14 MS. WEBER: Thank you, David. 

15 Any questions? 

16 (No response.) 

17 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you to the senators 

18 and everybody. Appreciate your time and travels here. 

19 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: All right. If our next panel 

20 will please come up? And following the conclusion of 

21 the remarks from this panel, we're going to take a very 

22 brief 10-minute break. So I'm going to not call up the 

Page 125

1 next panel until after we return. 

2 So following the conclusion of this, a brief 10-

3 minute break, and then we'll come back promptly. 

4 (Pause.) 

5 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Go ahead. Thank you. 

6 MR. SPIKES: My name is Kirk Spikes, and I work 

7 for Abengoa Bioenergy's Crop Residue Division. I have 

8 been involved in their cellulosic ethanol effort since 

9 2009. I am a native of southwest Kansas and was born 

10 and raised in Hugoton, Kansas. Hugoton is the site of 

11 Abengoa's second-generation cellulosic ethanol plant. 

12 My family has been involved in the agricultural 

13 community around Hugoton and southwest Kansas since the 

14 1940s. We have farmed and operated grain elevators. 

15 In the late 1960s, we started and ran an alfalfa 

16 merchandising, processing, and transportation business 

17 for 40 years. 

18 This agricultural background and specifically the 

19 handling of alfalfa and other types of biomass give me 

20 an insight into the inherent challenges of handling 

21 crop residues. A lifetime of work in the Hugoton and 

22 southwest Kansas agricultural community have allowed me 
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Page 126

1 to deal with farmers, land owners, and other related 

2 businesses. These longtime family, friend, and 

3 business relationships bestow on me a special community 

4 trust. 

5 Farmers in the southwest Kansas area and the 

6 western high plains still remember the Dust Bowl days 

7 of "the dirty '30s." From this history lesson, they 

8 have developed a nurturing and conservation-based love 

9 of the land, water, crops, and livestock industries. 

10 Now they look forward to the benefits of managing crop 

11 residues for better farming practices, less CO2 

12 footprint, and as an additional source of revenue. 

13 The new second-generation biofuels are becoming a 

14 reality. As second-generation biofuel technology 

15 industrializes and as first-generation biofuels 

16 continue in our quest for energy independence, it is 

17 imperative that we stay on track with renewable fuel 

18 standards. 

19 The reduction of renewable fuel standards will 

20 have a negative impact on the price of grains and 

21 probably on grain production. You asked farmers to see 

22 the biofuels industry as a major contributor to their 

Page 127

1 revenues and as a better substitute to USDA farm 

2 programs. Abengoa and other first-generation biofuel 

3 producers need the renewable fuel standards to stay the 

4 course and not be reduced. 

5 I respectfully ask that you reconsider your 

6 intentions to reduce targets on first-generation 

7 renewable fuels. First-generation biofuels are the 

8 springboard, the economic driver, and technology 

9 innovators of our new second-generation biofuels. 

10 Thank you for your time. 

11 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

12 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Thank you. 

13 MR. ROBB: My name is Tom Robb, and I work for 

14 Abengoa Bioenergy. I have been involved in Abengoa's 

15 cellulosic ethanol effort since its conception within 

16 our company. 

17 As one of the few members of Abengoa staff with an 

18 agricultural background, I was tasked with leading 

19 efforts to identify locations for our commercial-scale 

20 cellulosic ethanol plant. Once we had selected 

21 southwest Kansas, I was responsible for securing the 

22 plant location, infrastructure requirements, including 

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1 water, and to start to establish relationships with 

2 people in the community. 

3 Once the infrastructure requirements were 

4 obtained, my efforts were focused on obtaining 

5 feedstock commitments from local farmers for the 

6 plant's needs. Working with the farmers in the area 

7 around Hugoton, Kansas, has been extremely rewarding to 

8 me on a personal basis, and I have particularly enjoyed 

9 working on behalf of Abengoa to support development of 

10 policies and procedures that promote sustainable 

11 harvest of a portion of the agriculture residues from 

12 local area farm land. 

13 I have observed a growing sense of pride in local 

14 farmers, knowing that the crops they produce are 

15 helping to provide transportation fuel for America, 

16 making America more energy independent, and providing 

17 an additional economic benefit for the area. The fact 

18 is that first-generation biofuels has had a positive 

19 impact on the price of product they produce, making 

20 their business profitable and sustainable, and has led 

21 to second-generation production that further enhances 

22 the value of their land and crop residues. 

Page 129

1 It is extremely important for rural America. This 

2 is even more important today, as crop prices are 

3 approaching recent lows and farm margins are being 

4 squeezed. Reducing the RFS volume requirements for 

5 advanced and cellulosic biofuels is a bad idea and will 

6 cause irreparable harm to the agricultural community. 

7 Reducing renewable fuel standard for first-generation 

8 biofuels is an even worse idea. 

9 The rule proposed by EPA will have negative impact 

10 on the price of grain, putting farmers into the 

11 situation that we have had in the past where farmers 

12 needed support payments to be able to survive and be 

13 able to continue to produce the crops that our nation 

14 needs for food production. 

15 It will also force advanced and cellulosic 

16 biofuels to fight with conventional biofuels, and each 

17 will have to try to cannibalize each other's markets, 

18 reducing margins even further for all. Abengoa does 

19 applaud your intentions to increase cellulosic 

20 renewable fuel quotas over the numbers you have 

21 proposed in your 2013 draft. However, the increase in 

22 biogas production is likely to consume a majority of 
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1 that increase. 

2 You must realize that the resource for almost 

3 every company active in the development and 

4 commercialization of second-generation biofuels depends 

5 on revenues generated from first-generation facilities. 

6 I respectfully request that you reconsider your 

7 intentions to reduce targets for both first-generation 

8 conventional renewable fuels and for cellulosic 

9 biofuels and that these volume obligation be set as 

10 targets equal to anticipated production capacity for 

11 each of the applicable years. 

12 Thank you. 

13 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Thank you. 

14 MR. STANDLEE: Good morning. My name is Chris 

15 Standlee, and I'm the executive vice president of 

16 global affairs for Abengoa Bioenergy. The Bioenergy 

17 Division of Abengoa is an international producer of 

18 renewable fuels, with 15 commercial-scale biorefineries 

19 in operation on 3 continents and production capacities 

20 approaching 900 million gallons per year. 

21 Largely because of the promise of the RFS, we 

22 employ over 500 permanent employees in the U.S. and 

Page 131

1 have invested over $2 billion in developing our 8 U.S. 

2 ethanol production facilities, including a cellulosic 

3 pilot plant and one of the world's first commercial4 scale cellulosic ethanol plants, which we are currently 

5 in the final stages of commissioning. 

6 Today, we're here because we're frustrated with 

7 EPA's failure to implement the RFS as required by law. 

8 After first proposing the 2014 volume rule over 18 

9 months ago, then publicly admitting that EPA got it 

10 wrong in that proposal, the final proposed rule is not 

11 significantly different. 

12 We do commend you for some of the language of the 

13 proposed rule, indicating the intention to implement 

14 ambitious increases in biofuel blending in the U.S. and 

15 also for the attempt to get back on track with 

16 statutory proposal deadlines by issuing rules for 2014 

17 through 2016. 

18 However, that commendation fades after reading the 

19 artfully worded characterization of distribution and 

20 infrastructure issues as "inadequate supply." This 

21 issue was proposed and debated during the negotiation 

22 of the original law by Congress in 2005, and EPA's 

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1 characterization was expressly rejected. 

2 Fortunately, this waiver characterization is not 

3 necessary beyond cellulosic ethanol gallons. The U.S. 

4 ethanol industry has current installed production 

5 capacity in excess of 15 billion gallons per year, and 

6 the statute includes volumes that would allow 

7 conventional corn ethanol to contribute to that 15 

8 billion gallons per year in both 2015 and '16. 

9 However, EPA's proposed rule cuts that opportunity 

10 to 13.4 and 14 billion gallons, respectively, over a 

11 billion gallons short of actual production capacity 

12 today, even for 2016 volumes. This does not seem to be 

13 a rule calculated to expand investment and production 

14 of biofuels when it does not even allow utilization of 

15 existing capacities. 

16 Now, just as private companies like ours have 

17 invested billions of dollars in new technologies based 

18 upon this promise, EPA has chosen to reward the failure 

19 of obligated parties to prepare for compliance with a 

20 loosening of the rules and a free pass, effectively 

21 announcing that compliance with the Clean Air Act is 

22 voluntary. 

Page 133

1 As a result of the initial volume proposal in 

2 2013, Abengoa began development efforts on cellulosic 

3 ethanol facilities in both Brazil and in France. The 

4 current proposal does nothing to change our direction 

5 in that regard. 

6 We're asking the EPA to follow the language and 

7 intent of the statute, to take advantage of the 

8 existing production capacity of the industry, and to 

9 incentivize additional investment to continue to 

10 develop new technologies and new capacities by adopting 

11 the statutory volumes for total and advanced biofuels, 

12 modifying only the cellulosic numbers in accordance 

13 with the intent of the law. 

14 Thank you. 

15 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

16 MS. HEFFELFINGER: Good morning. I'm Brenda 

17 Heffelfinger, and I'm business lead for DuPont's grain 

18 processing business. I'm here today to raise major 

19 concern with the proposed RFS rule. 

20 Consistent with the feedback we provided in the 

21 December 2013 RFS hearings, DuPont believes this 

22 proposed rule is a major step backwards. It's not 
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1 consistent with EPA's authority under the Clean Air Act 

2 and will create uncertainty in the renewable fuel 

3 market that will deter future growth. 

4 Since the RFS was first enacted, the U.S. has 

5 quickly risen to lead the world in biofuels technology 

6 and execution. But that leadership is now hanging in 

7 the balance, dependent upon the actions of EPA on 

8 correctly administering this policy. 

9 Make no mistake. Investments in additional 

10 cellulosic ethanol capacity and plants in the U.S. are 

11 absolutely dependent on EPA fulfilling its obligations 

12 to the existing biofuels industry. For all 3 years in 

13 this proposal, EPA is undermining corn ethanol volumes 

14 and stifling the growth that Congress intended when it 

15 passed the RFS. 

16 EPA has invented a novel interpretation of the 

17 general waiver provision, going beyond the authority 

18 provided in the Clean Air Act. The general waiver 

19 provision is clear, and EPA's interpretation is 

20 contrary to the plain wording of the statute, the 2010 

21 implementing regulations of the RFS2, and the 

22 legislative history and intent of the 2007 energy bill. 

Page 135

1 DuPont's business model for cellulosic ethanol is 

2 to license the technology here in the U.S. and around 

3 the world. This approach has generated tremendous 

4 interest. However, all of those announcements, 

5 negotiations, and conversations are happening outside 

6 of the U.S. Not a single one is happening here, and as 

7 long as EPA continues to undermine existing biofuels 

8 capacity, capabilities in the U.S., the situation will 

9 continue, creating a scenario where the benefits of 

10 U.S. innovation and technology advances are realized 

11 overseas. 

12 The proposed RFS rule fails to meet the RFS 

13 objectives to improve energy security, reduce 

14 greenhouse gas emissions, and promote domestic 

15 economies. Therefore, DuPont suggests that the best 

16 course of action is for the EPA to abandon the proposed 

17 rule, go back to the drawing board, and issue a new 

18 proposal based on the directive that Congress provided 

19 when the RFS was passed. 

20 Thank you for the opportunity to submit our 

21 concerns with the proposed RFS rule. DuPont will 

22 provide additional analysis and recommendations as part 

Page 136

1 of the comment process. 

2 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

3 MR. REGNERY: Good morning. My name is Joe 

4 Regnery. I'm the chief commercial officer of ZeaChem. 

5 ZeaChem is a biorefining organization that 

6 operates a 250,000 gallon production demonstration7 scale facility in Boardman, Oregon, that is looking to 

8 expand that facility up to a 22 million gallon capacity 

9 production facility. 

10 As an operator of a demonstration-scale, second11 generation biorefinery with commercial expansion plans, 

12 ZeaChem thanks the EPA for eschewing its proposed 2014, 

13 2015, and 2016 RVOs and eagerly awaits its issuance of 

14 final RVOs in November. 

15 Regarding the EPA's proposed 2014, 2015, and 2016 

16 RVOs, ZeaChem requests that the EPA revise its numbers 

17 to reflect the previous year's renewable fuel installed 

18 production capacity and renewable fuel production 

19 capacity additions that are to be mechanically complete 

20 within the applicable year, based on data provided by 

21 the U.S. Energy Information Administration. 

22 Setting RVOs based solely on publicly available 

Page 137

1 forecasted renewable fuel production capacity data 

2 provides transparency and predictability to the market 

3 on which developers such as ZeaChem, suppliers, 

4 customers, and investors can make reasoned 

5 participation decisions. 

6 Factoring in other variables which can be 

7 influenced by individual market participants, such as 

8 blending ratio biases, pump availability, and perceived 

9 logistical challenges negates that regulatory 

10 certainty, impeding the ability of developers, 

11 suppliers, customers, investors to make those reasoned 

12 participation decisions. 

13 As a developer and supplier of renewable fuels, we 

14 need a predictable, transparent regulatory framework on 

15 which we can rely to achieve the renewable fuel 

16 production goals of the Energy Independence and 

17 Security Act of 2007. 

18 Thank you for the opportunity to testify before 

19 you today. 

20 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

21 MR. COX: David Cox, director of the Coalition for 

22 Renewable Natural Gas. 
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1 First, thank you for your work on the proposed 

2 rule, and God bless you for sitting through all this 

3 testimony. 

4 I'm going to change things up a bit and talk about 

5 biogas, natural gas, and I'm probably the only one 

6 today. So let me get here. 

7 Also, with only 3 minutes, I'm going to focus on 

8 our more constructive comments, but generally I just 

9 want to express our support for RFS2 and also 

10 appreciation for the multiyear cellulosic RVO. 

11 Congress intended that RFS to create and grow a 

12 cellulosic biofuels market in the United States. They 

13 may not have gotten the timetable right, but in 2015, 

14 their intent is finally becoming a reality, and 

15 especially with renewable natural gas. And that is CNG 

16 and LNG from biogas sources. 

17 Monthly D3 production has increased from 4.1 

18 million in January to 7.7 million gallons in March to 

19 9.5 million in May, and by August, we expect to see 13 

20 million gallons plus per month. 

21 Cellulosic biofuels like renewable natural gas are 

22 critical to meeting our nation's energy security and 

Page 139

1 greenhouse gas reduction needs. But if we want the 

2 industry to thrive, we must continue to send positive 

3 and consistent signals to the market. This is not the 

4 time to scale back. It's time to push forward. 

5 The Renewable Natural Gas Coalition provided EPA 

6 with project-specific D3 volume data, which we vetted 

7 extensively, and you established the 2015, 2016 

8 cellulosic RVO using, first, EMTS data for past 

9 production and, second, using, among others, our 

10 numbers within your methodology for the production 

11 projections. 

12 I'm here to tell you today that renewable natural 

13 gas will outproduce this cellulosic RVO. You need to 

14 incorporate the most recent EMTS data since March. You 

15 need to incorporate the registrations that were pending 

16 at the time of the April assessment, and in doing that, 

17 we believe that you'll see that you need to increase 

18 the 2015 cellulosic RVO by at least 25 million gallons. 

19 Regarding the methodology, renewable CNG and LNG 

20 projections should take into account project history, 

21 not just D3 production history. And this will produce 

22 a stronger D3 data, we believe. 

Page 140

1 EPA's methodology calculated low and high ends of 

2 a range of potential production volumes at the 50 

3 percentile for all facilities that have previously 

4 generated cellulosic biofuel RINs from renewable 

5 natural gas and at the 25 percent for facilities that 

6 have not generated cellulosic biofuel RINs. 

7 The vast majority of RNG projects which have not 

8 generated cellulosic biofuel RINs are not new projects. 

9 They've generated pipeline-quality gas for years and 

10 some for decades. Their production volumes are not 

11 theoretical. They are known, quantifiable, and based 

12 on actual production performance, meeting high natural 

13 gas pipeline injection standards. 

14 In registration, these projects demonstrated their 

15 commitment to D3 production, including showing you 

16 their end-use contracts. These are proven, registered 

17 projects that are contracted to produce D3 CNG or LNG 

18 and shouldn't be discounted in a 25th percentile as 

19 that being the likelihood that they're going to follow 

20 through with this production. We need to, at the very 

21 least, move them up to the 50 percentile. 

22 And finally, I know I'm out of time, but we need 

Page 141

1 to promulgate regulations to clarify that an obligated 

2 party must demonstrate that it's attempted but failed 

3 to purchase RINs before the agency will sell them 

4 cellulosic waiver credits. 

5 Thank you for your time. 

6 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

7 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Yeah, so slight change of plans 

8 if our next panelists are here. So Panel 14, Greg 

9 Krissek, Ken McCauley, Pat Ross, Dennis Gengenbach. 

10 Excuse me. Gengenbach, thank you -- sorry. Hannah 

11 Borg and Jon Holzfaster. Are those panelists all here? 

12 Okay. If you could, we'll go ahead and begin 

13 then. If you guys could come up? 

14 And then for the next panel, Panel 16, if you 

15 could go to the staging area, it's Don Bloss, John 

16 Duff, Sarah Bowser, David -- actually, David already 

17 spoke. Steven Nelson and Vern Jantzen. 

18 Oh, and the order doesn't matter. Just please 

19 take a seat and just be reminded you need to state your 

20 name and organization for the court reporter, and we 

21 also will have our timer running. So be cognizant of 

22 the time. 
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1 Thank you. 

2 MR. KRISSEK: Thank you for the opportunity to 

3 present comments today. I'm Greg Krissek, CEO of 

4 Kansas Corn Growers. 

5 In my 26 years of experience working on biofuels 

6 industry development, employed both in the public and 

7 the private sectors, I have never witnessed a program 

8 as important to the Midwest and Kansas agriculture as 

9 what comes about in the value-added opportunity in 

10 expanding and growing the fuel ethanol industry in the 

11 United States. 

12 Through several factors, but mostly due to the 

13 existence of the renewable fuel standard, in the past 

14 decade, I have seen ethanol production capacity in 

15 Kansas grow tenfold and create rural economic stability 

16 and valuable benefits for farmers, consumers, and 

17 livestock producers in our State. 

18 Investments by thousands of farmers, local 

19 citizens, and small business owners helped this 

20 industry become reality, with them believing the 

21 Federal Government would honor its statutory 

22 commitments. Today, the ethanol industry in Kansas 

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1 provides over $4 billion in economic impact to the 

2 State, creates a market for thousands of farmers to 

3 supply nearly today 200 million bushels of corn to be 

4 processed into high-octane fuel, which is cleaner 

5 burning, less polluting, and costs less than its 

6 traditional gasoline competitor. 

7 So consumers, farmers, and others in this value 

8 chain benefit from ethanol. Why would we ignore 

9 requirements of Federal law and stymie use of more 

10 ethanol in our transportation fuels portfolio? U.S. 

11 EPA's proposal to reduce the RVO levels from those 

12 currently in Federal statute baffles me. 

13 That said, predicting gasoline demand and economic 

14 conditions into the future is very difficult, but the 

15 result of the proposed rule and its RVO levels today 

16 continues to reinforce the E10 blend wall for ethanol 

17 consumption. There will be little motivation for the 

18 marketplace to increase ethanol use with these levels. 

19 The traditional gasoline fuels industry has had 

20 many years to prepare for implementation of increased 

21 use -- increased levels of ethanol and other biofuels. 

22 U.S. EPA will give that industry a pass by not 

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1 maintaining the RVO levels as laid out by the statute. 

2 There are multiple pathways for increased use of 

3 ethanol, such as E15 and E85, and even new 

4 opportunities in mid-level blends that the agency 

5 should foster and stimulate, both for meeting the RFS, 

6 but also to assist with other greenhouse gas-related 

7 programs administered by the U.S. EPA. 

8 Information also continues to become available 

9 from Federal agencies about current gasoline 

10 dispensers' ability to distribute higher ethanol 

11 blends, such as E15. Ethanol and biofuels can and will 

12 play an important role in our nation's transportation 

13 fuels portfolio. If U.S. EPA adopts this proposed rule 

14 with RVO levels lower than that provided in the 

15 statute, the negative results will include more air 

16 pollution, higher gasoline prices, instability in both 

17 the overall and rural economy, and increased reliance 

18 on fossil fuels. 

19 As a former State regulator myself, I recognize 

20 the internal and external stakeholder pressures you 

21 face, including Federal regulatory economists who don't 

22 seem to recognize the realities of who benefits in the 

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1 transportation fuels value chain long before a consumer 

2 fills a vehicle with gasoline. If the agency continues 

3 on this path blocking increased use of biofuels with 

4 the rule, we all will be negatively impacted. 

5 I strongly urge you to reinstate the RVO levels 

6 which exists in Federal statute today. 

7 Thank you. 

8 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

9 MR. MCCAULEY: Good morning. I'm Ken McCauley, a 

10 farmer from White Cloud here, representing the Kansas 

11 Corn Growers Association. I'm also past president of 

12 the National Corn Growers Association. 

13 My wife and I and our son each operate a 2,200 

14 acre farm. My wife and I live in the house my great15 grandfather built 100 years ago and continue to farm 

16 his farm today. I'm here to tell you not to lower the 

17 legal limits of the RFS. 

18 In 2007, I had the privilege to lobby for the 

19 current renewable fuel standard. Our message at that 

20 time was 15 billion gallons from 15 billion bushels of 

21 corn in 2015. That message resonated with Congress and 

22 was a big factor in the passage of the RFS. 
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1 At that time, corn was approximately $3.50 per 

2 bushel, as it is today, and we had large carryovers of 

3 supply. Today, in 2015, we should not be here talking 

4 about lowering the RFS. It should be left at 15 

5 billion gallons, as the law states. 

6 In 2014, we had another record crop in corn 

7 production at 14.2 billion bushels, and the ethanol 

8 plants continue to improve their efficiencies as well, 

9 making more gallons of ethanol from bushels of grains. 

10 You only have to look at today's lower corn prices to 

11 know that we are producing plenty of corn for feed, 

12 food, and homegrown, clean-burning fuel. 

13 As farmers, we have a true message of 

14 sustainability. You can see it in our farms as we 

15 adopt conservation practices like no-till farming, 

16 through our efforts with organizations and industry to 

17 show the value of our sustainable efforts. 

18 According to the Field Market Alliance for 

19 Sustainable Agriculture, from 1980 to 2011, farmers 

20 decreased land use by 30 percent and soil erosion by 67 

21 percent. Those numbers are significant. With new 

22 advances in technology and farming practices, our 

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1 sustainability will only continue to increase. 

2 The RFS has boosted rural communities and farm 

3 income all across the United States, more than any 

4 other rural development effort I can think of. The RFS 

5 is what gives us access to sell ethanol in a market 

6 controlled by the oil industry. To lower the volumes 

7 of the RFS today would set back this economic engine 

8 dramatically and put rural America in a tailspin. 

9 Farmers have geared up to produce enough corn to 

10 meet the RFS as it is written. Our family farms are 

11 businesses that rely on supply and demand, and we are 

12 growing corn to meet that demand and to meet the needs 

13 of our customers. 

14 It's blatantly unfair for EPA to arbitrarily 

15 reduce that demand based on politics and bad 

16 information. I implore you to not lower the volumes of 

17 the RFS and leave them as they are written into the 

18 law. 

19 I do appreciate this opportunity to be here, but 

20 I'd much rather be home helping my son on the farm. I 

21 think it's important that we be here. So thank you 

22 very much. 

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1 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

2 MR. ROSS: Good morning, and thank you for taking 

3 time to hear our concerns. My name is Pat Ross. I'm a 

4 corn and soybean farmer and cattle feeder from 

5 Lawrence, Kansas, just 40 miles west of here. And I 

6 also serve as treasurer of the Kansas Corn Commission. 

7 Baseball, apple pie, hamburgers, sweet corn, and 

8 ethanol, what is more American than that? Ethanol is 

9 efficient, renewable, and 50 percent cleaner burning 

10 than gasoline. The EPA should be especially supportive 

11 of a cleaner-burning energy source. 

12 Not one American life has ever been lost trying to 

13 protect our ethanol supply. Ethanol supports 

14 approximately 390,000 jobs in the United States and 

15 generates over $8 billion in Federal and State tax 

16 revenues. 

17 As a corn grower, I appreciate the increase in 

18 demand for my crop. We growers have met head-on the 

19 need for food, fiber, and fuel for our country and have 

20 also fulfilled all import needs for many other 

21 countries of the world. 

22 As a livestock producer, I really enjoy and 

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1 utilize the distillers grain byproduct for use in our 

2 cattle ration. It is high quality and a tremendous 

3 asset to our feeding operation. 

4 In closing, I just want to say, you know, this 

5 isn't rocket science. It's just common sense. I ask 

6 the EPA to fulfill their RVO requirement, as required 

7 by law. 

8 Thank you. 

9 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

10 MR. GENGENBACH: Good morning. My name is Dennis 

11 Gengenbach. I am a chairman of the Biofuels Committee 

12 for the Nebraska Corn Checkoff Board and vice president 

13 of the Ethanol Committee for the National Corn Growers 

14 Association. 

15 I'm a former -- former researcher at Cornell 

16 University and now farm at Smithfield, Nebraska, no17 till, raising corn and soybeans. While at Cornell, I 

18 worked measuring hormone changes following 

19 synchronization in cows with prostaglandin. Benzine, 

20 toluene, and zylene were used in these assays to 

21 measure blood hormone changes. 

22 Every time I utilized one of these chemicals, I 
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1 had to work under a ventilated hood wearing protective 

2 clothing because these chemicals are extremely toxic 

3 and carcinogenic. Each bottle was labeled with the 

4 skull and crossbones as a warning. 

5 These are the same chemicals now added to gasoline 

6 as an octane booster. After working with these 

7 chemicals so extensively, I have annual physicals to 

8 screen for cancer and any other possible adverse 

9 effects. 

10 Everyone is vulnerable to these chemicals in the 

11 form of tiny particles in the gasoline. These 

12 particles are known to enter the lungs and potentially 

13 cause lung and brain cancers, asthma, and other health 

14 issues. I worry about my grandchildren and yours 

15 because they are breathing these chemicals while 

16 they're waiting for their bus in the city, where there 

17 is a concentrated use of gasoline in motor vehicles. 

18 How can we reduce this exposure to these deadly 

19 toxins? The answer is ethanol. While optimizing the 

20 motors in my vehicles, I use ethanol. We are not only 

21 cleaning up our environment, but we are also improving 

22 mileage as a great side benefit when used in an 

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1 optimized engine where higher–octane enhances fuel 

2 efficiency. 

3 As I produce a new crop of corn each year, I 

4 utilize ethanol from my last year's production for my 

5 pivots for irrigation. I use approximately 20,000 

6 gallons of ethanol. I know I am not only helping the 

7 environment, but I am using a product that I grow. 

8 But I am also saving money each year by utilizing 

9 this ethanol. In years such as this, where we are 

10 operating at and in many cases below the cost of 

11 production, we have to do what we can to save money. 

12 It is because of ethanol's use as a fuel additive that 

13 we have another market for my corn. We can grow enough 

14 corn to fuel and feed the world. 

15 My story with ethanol, which began 45 years ago, 

16 continues today. My career began with benzene, 

17 toluene, and zylene. I now know we need to add more 

18 ethanol to our fuel instead of these carcinogens, which 

19 are similar to the lead and the MTBE that were used 

20 previously. 

21 What I'm asking from you, the EPA, is to raise the 

22 RFS numbers to the level Congress set in statute. The 

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1 decisions you make today impact our children, 

2 grandchildren, and generations to come. As you set the 

3 2014, '15, and '16 RVO numbers, I ask that you consider 

4 corn farmers, the environment, your health, and the 

5 health of generations to come. 

6 Thank you. 

7 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

8 MS. BORG: Good morning. Thank you for this 

9 opportunity. 

10 My name is Hannah Borg, and I'm going to be a 

11 freshman at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. I'm a 

12 farmer's daughter from Allen, Nebraska, a small, rural 

13 community with a population of 410. I'm a 10-year 4-H 

14 member and a third-year FFA member. 

15 I am aware of how the RFS is a Federal policy that 

16 has done what it was intended to do. It has impacted 

17 my family and community in a positive way. 

18 I'm the sixth generation on our 133-year-old 

19 family farm operation, where we raise corn, soybeans, 

20 alfalfa, and background cattle. As an FFA member, I 

21 have also learned here are amazing career opportunities 

22 in the agriculture field, but I also am well aware of 

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1 the challenge my generation is tasked with, feeding 9 

2 billion people with the same land and water we have 

3 today. 

4 This challenge becomes even more difficult as 

5 rulings and regulations, such as the renewable fuel 

6 standards, are changed. If the RFS isn't increased to 

7 original numbers, as outlined in the statute, and 

8 subject to annual review, as proposed, American 

9 agriculture, rural communities, and youth like myself 

10 will be left to wonder what might happen next? 

11 Will I have the opportunity to return to our 

12 community after college graduation? And with the aging 

13 populations of farmers, who will want to return to the 

14 farm and do the hard work? 

15 I know farming is not for the frail, and I'm 

16 learning more about the financial risks are huge. As 

17 mentioned, our family farm includes backgrounding 

18 cattle, and we feed distillers grain, a byproduct of 

19 ethanol. Distillers has helped play an important role 

20 in feed and our rations. 

21 They have lowered our input costs while still 

22 providing the world with great-tasting beef. We know 
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1 that beef provides a great source of protein, and with 

2 more mouths to feed, we will need all the sources of 

3 protein available at the lowest cost of production. 

4 So with every kernel of corn that goes into an 

5 ethanol plant, we're getting a renewable fuel made in 

6 the United States, high-quality feed, and jobs. And 

7 there is nothing wasted when ethanol is made. It is my 

8 hope that the Environmental Protection Agency will 

9 raise the RFS numbers to the statute that Congress 

10 passed. 

11 I have learned from my parents and the FFA that 

12 working hard, keeping my word, learning how to grow 

13 more with fewer resources, and showing the world why 

14 American farmers can always deliver makes us the 

15 greatest supplier of food, feed, and fuel. 

16 In a competitive speech I researched and presented 

17 during school, I stated ethanol may be gold, but it 

18 produces green results. Ethanol is one of the best 

19 tools we have to fight air pollution from vehicles, 

20 says Mueller in a 2010 article from the Renewable Fuels 

21 Association. 

22 Using ethanol in place of gasoline helps reduce 

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1 carbon dioxide emissions by an average of 34 percent, 

2 compared to gasoline. Another fact is when corn 

3 ethanol is used in cars instead of gas, the greenhouse 

4 gases can be reduced from 20 to even 80 percent. 

5 The renewable fuel standard is a commitment that 

6 Congress made to America and youth like myself. 

7 Personally, I simply don't understand why we wouldn't 

8 want to do everything that we can to maintain our rural 

9 America, provide opportunities for my generation and 

10 future generations, and improve the air we breathe. 

11 Now is not the time to jeopardize my future and 

12 the futures of generations to come. 

13 Thank you. 

14 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

15 MR. HOLZFASTER: Good morning. My name is Jon 

16 Holzfaster. I currently am a Nebraska Corn Grower 

17 member. I sit on the Nebraska Corn Marketing Board. I 

18 am the third of four generations to call our southwest 

19 Nebraska farm home. We grow corn, wheat, soybeans, 

20 edible beans, and we feed cattle. 

21 From my previous affiliations, I would assume you 

22 would think that I would share some wisdom on the corn 

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1 side of the industry, but I'm going to choose to focus 

2 on the cattle feeding side and share with you the 

3 dependence that the cattle feeding industry has come to 

4 depend on the ethanol industry and the value of the 

5 distillers grain, which we like to refer to as a co6 product, rather than a byproduct. 

7 In my feedyard, I've been able to increase my 

8 efficiencies by nearly 25 percent. This is through an 

9 increased conversion ratio. What used to take 7 pounds 

10 of feed to produce one marketable unit now only takes 5 

11 pounds. It's through a more palatable and nutrient12 dense feedstuff that I'm able to accomplish this. 

13 We've got healthier cattle. The distillers grain 

14 virtually eliminates acidosis, which was the leading 

15 cause of loss in my feedyard. So the death loss has 

16 been reduced phenomenally by the use of this feed 

17 product. 

18 I guess to kind of summarize, for me, that 

19 anything that may cause my local supply of distillers 

20 grain, if my local ethanol plant has to ramp down or 

21 even shut down, it will send ripples or basically a 

22 tsunami through the feeding industry if we lose this 

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1 very valuable feedstuff. 

2 I had mentioned earlier of multi-generational on 

3 our farm, and one of the very simple bits of wisdom 

4 that I've been imparted on me over the years was that 

5 if it's not broke, don't fix it. You've heard it 

6 several times today. Don't mess with the RFS. Quite 

7 frankly, it's not broke, and it doesn't need fixed. 

8 Thank you. 

9 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

10 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Okay. Thank you all for your 

11 testimony. 

12 Our next panel, please come up, and also Panel 18, 

13 if you could go over to the staging chairs, please? 

14 Steve Markham, Carson Klosterman, Jeff Enger, Kevin 

15 Skunes, Tom Lilja, and Mike Clemens? 

16 MS. WEBER: Good morning. Go ahead. Thank you. 

17 MR. BLOSS: Good morning. I'll get to where I can 

18 -- 

19 I'm Donald Bloss. I'm a sorghum, corn, and 

20 soybean farmer from southeast Nebraska. I also serve 

21 on the board of National Sorghum Producers, and I'm 

22 here today to comment on the proposed renewable fuel 
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1 blending requirements for 2015 and 2016, which should 

2 be raised to meet the intent of Congress, as defined by 

3 the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. 

4 Like I said, I'm a grain farmer. I'm kind of at 

5 the intersection of the sorghum belt and the corn belt 

6 in the heart of the Midwest. This has given me a 

7 firsthand look at the effect the ethanol industry has 

8 had on rural communities not only in Nebraska, but 

9 across the country. 

10 Ethanol is once our State's most steadfast 

11 domestic market for grain and our best feedstuffs 

12 producer, annually providing over $1 billion in 

13 distillers grains to Nebraska's livestock. Ethanol 

14 plants in the State also support about 1,300 direct 

15 jobs and contribute over $50 million to the State's 

16 business tax base. 

17 The ethanol industry has had immeasurable impact 

18 on my family farm. It has created opportunities for us 

19 to grow and improve that we would not have had 

20 otherwise. 

21 We have two sons who have returned to the farm. 

22 We also have two daughters. One is an attorney -- 

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1 mother of our two beautiful grandchildren, by the way -

2 - and one who is a loan official at a local bank, 

3 who've also returned to our hometown. None of them can 

4 continue to progress with the price of grain where it 

5 is today. 

6 We're very proud of our children wanting to return 

7 to our hometown, but we're also very concerned about 

8 their future here. We cannot afford the exodus of 

9 young farmers from the farms similar to what we had in 

10 the 1980s. 

11 Ethanol lowers the price of the gasoline I put in 

12 my vehicle by as much as $1 a gallon, and it reduces 

13 the presence of smog-inducing, aromatic compounds found 

14 in alternative octane agents. The fuel also reduces 

15 our dependence on foreign oil, saving the U.S. economy 

16 about $49 billion in 2014. 

17 The intent of Congress with the Energy 

18 Independence and Security Act of 2007 was to increase 

19 market access for renewable fuel producers, and this 

20 proposal does not go far enough in meeting this goal. 

21 Therefore, I urge EPA to raise the renewable fuel 

22 blending requirements for 2015 and 2016. 

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1 Thank you for giving me the opportunity to comment 

2 on this. 

3 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Don. Sarah? 

4 MS. SEXTON-BOWSER: Good morning. My name is 

5 Sarah Sexton-Bowser, and my husband and I farm in 

6 northeast Kansas. We raise diversified grains, 

7 including corn and sorghum, and also manage a cow-calf 

8 operation. 

9 While my husband and his brother are the day-to10 day managers of our farm, I work for National Sorghum 

11 Producers as a regional field director. Key to our 

12 ability to start a farm nearly 8 years ago is the 

13 economic development driven through the ethanol 

14 industry for rural America. 

15 A Kansas legislative research report done in 2010 

16 highlights the economic value driven by the ethanol 

17 industry back to my State of Kansas. This report 

18 highlights that value and quantifies it, stating that 

19 over $2 million in real property taxes, $100,000 in 

20 personal property taxes, $53 million to the trucking 

21 industry, and over 380 direct jobs come through the 

22 ethanol industry. 

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1 Let me convey the significance of the ethanol 

2 industry to grain farmers. Last year, the 2014 Kansas 

3 sorghum crop was a bin-busting 199 million bushels. On 

4 an annual basis, the Kansas ethanol industry adds value 

5 to over 180 million bushels. Clearly, grain farmers 

6 are seeing economic value and opportunity to our rural 

7 communities because of the value-add applications that 

8 ethanol offers. 

9 Serving as a direct consumer of grain, the ethanol 

10 industry has helped to stabilize the price of bases for 

11 not only my farm, but also for farmers across the 

12 country. The multiplier effect of the ethanol industry 

13 serves to promote the development of our rural 

14 economies. 

15 As mentioned in your EPA regulatory announcement, 

16 "Congress clearly intended the RFS program to 

17 incentivize changes that would be unlikely to occur 

18 absent the RFS program." The deviation reduction of 

19 volume requirements in your proposed rule is a setback 

20 to both Congress and the administration's RFS goals. 

21 The technology and the innovation of the ethanol 

22 industry continues to amaze all of us and has made 
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1 significant milestones in the past decades. Our 

2 ability to meet the RFS goals, originally stated goals, 

3 is directly tied to market access. Market access has 

4 and continues to be the renewable fuel industry's 

5 greatest limitation. 

6 The regulatory announcement highlighted the 

7 administration's admirable goals, including reducing 

8 greenhouse gas, expanding the nation's fuel sector, and 

9 reducing reliance on foreign oil. Let me add to the 

10 list of benefits a very personal benefit, the 

11 opportunity to live and work in rural America and start 

12 a business with my husband and my husband's brother's 

13 family. 

14 The landscape of rural Kansas communities and 

15 rural communities across the Midwest relies on value16 added applications for grain production to sustain 

17 basic community resources from schools to banks. 

18 Thanks for the opportunity to share my concerns, 

19 and the personal impact that the ethanol industry has 

20 had on my family farm. 

21 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

22 MR. DUFF: I'm John Duff, strategic business 

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1 director for National Sorghum Producers. I'm here 

2 today to voice my concerns over the proposed rule for 

3 2015 and '16 blending requirements. 

4 NSP feels EPA's proposal does not go far enough in 

5 enforcing clear congressional will, as spelled out by 

6 the Energy Independence and Security Act, as well as 

7 the renewable fuel standard. Both of these were 

8 designed primarily to help renewable fuel producers 

9 gain market access. 

10 The U.S. sorghum industry is made up of over 

11 50,000 farmers, my father included. And it generates a 

12 total annual economic activity of over $1.5 billion. 

13 First-generation ethanol serves as a steady and fair 

14 market for almost a third of our crop, and it is widely 

15 seen as the reason the sorghum industry exists today. 

16 Sorghum ethanol producers support almost 9,000 

17 jobs and contribute over $1.2 billion to the national 

18 GDP as they take a relatively low-value, raw product in 

19 grain sorghum and turn it into multiple high-value 

20 commodities in fuel ethanol and distillers grains, 

21 among others. 

22 Sorghum distillers grains are about 40 percent 

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1 protein, making them the smart choice in feed 

2 ingredients among cattle feeders, swine feeders, and 

3 dairymen. These markets recognize this value and have 

4 structured their operations around the product. 

5 The octane value in ethanol is also undeniable, 

6 and refiners are using this to their advantage, 

7 capturing a larger amount of value themselves while 

8 also passing on significant savings to consumers. And 

9 this says nothing of ethanol-based octane's impact on 

10 our national security and health. 

11 In 2014, we needed 515 million fewer barrels of 

12 foreign oil because of ethanol, and we took the $49 

13 billion we could have sent to individuals and 

14 organizations that want to destroy America and invested 

15 it in cleaner-burning alternatives that have measurable 

16 impact on air quality. 

17 Ethanol is a value proposition to all involved, 

18 from feeder to farmers and refiners to American 

19 consumers. National Sorghum Producers encourages EPA 

20 to enforce congressional will and raise 2015 blending 

21 requirements to the level set forth by the Energy 

22 Independence and Security Act and the renewable fuel 

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1 standard. 

2 Thank you for the opportunity to comment. 

3 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

4 MR. JANTZEN: My name is Vern Jantzen. I'm the 

5 vice president of the Nebraska Farmers Union. 

6 Thank you for this opportunity to share my 

7 organization's view of the recent EPA announcement for 

8 2014, 2015, and 2016 ethanol production targets. 

9 As vice president, it is my job today to present 

10 the testimony of the Nebraska Farmers Union that 

11 represents 5,671 farm and ranch families and has been 

12 championing their interests for 102 years. Nebraska 

13 Farmers Union continues to be the State's leading 

14 advocate for all kinds of renewable energy, 

15 development, and utilization, including our efforts to 

16 establish the Nebraska Ethanol Board that began in the 

17 mid 1960s. 

18 So first let's look at timing. EPA is inexcusably 

19 late with their decision. EPA was under obligation to 

20 set the production targets and propose and finalize the 

21 rules well before the 2014 production year began to 

22 give the ethanol industry the certainty it needs to 
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1 prepare for the next year. 

2 The 2014 production year has already come and 

3 gone. The 2015 rules will not finalized until the year 

4 is almost over. It remains to be seen if the proposed 

5 rule is finalized before the 2016 production year 

6 begins. In our view, EPA's failure to set production 

7 targets in advance of production years is very 

8 disappointing and damaging to the ethanol industry by 

9 virtue of the uncertainty it creates. 

10 Next, let's look at production levels. EPA flat 

11 out blew the setting of targets. We believe the 

12 proposed targets are not consistent with the intent of 

13 Congress. In our view, EPA bought a bogus blend wall 

14 problem argument from the oil industry. 

15 The oil industry is the source of any real or 

16 imagined blend wall problem by virtue of the fact that 

17 they have failed to make higher retail ethanol blend 

18 options available to the consuming public. They have 

19 denied fuel consumers the ability to purchase E85, E30, 

20 and E15 blends, and then claimed there is a blend wall 

21 problem. EPA's proposed production targets rewards the 

22 oil industry for dragging their feet on the retailing 

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1 of higher-grade ethanol blends. 

2 Finally, in summary, EPA's proposed ethanol 

3 production targets are not consistent with the 

4 administration's efforts to reduce the carbon emissions 

5 that drive global warming, not consistent with the 

6 intent of Congress, not consistent with our nation's 

7 efforts to improve air quality, and not consistent with 

8 the needs of production agriculture and rural America 

9 that is facing a dramatic downturn in commodity prices 

10 for corn. 

11 EPA's proposed production targets hurt our ethanol 

12 industry and our nation's corn producers and the rural 

13 communities that we live in. We urge EPA to pull back 

14 their proposed rule and stick with the 15 billion 

15 gallon targets for 2015 and 2016. 

16 Thank you again for the opportunity to testify 

17 today. 

18 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

19 MR. NELSON: Good morning. My name is Steve 

20 Nelson. I'm president of the Nebraska Farm Bureau, and 

21 I'm here testifying today on behalf of both Nebraska 

22 Farm Bureau and the American Farm Bureau Federation. 

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1 Thank you for the opportunity to testify and 

2 provide production agriculture's perspective on the 

3 proposed rule. 

4 I farm with my son near Axtell, where we raise 

5 corn, soybeans, and hybrid seed corn. Scott represents 

6 the sixth continuous generation farming in Kearney 

7 County, Nebraska. Our farm is located near a farmer8 owned and farmer-managed ethanol facility that is the 

9 primary market for the majority of the corn grown 

10 around it. 

11 We are also located in the heart of Nebraska's 

12 vital cattle feeding industry, the largest in the 

13 nation. In our area, we complete the golden triangle 

14 of corn production, which includes both ethanol and 

15 livestock facilities. This story is not unique to 

16 Nebraska, however, and this synchronization of corn, 

17 ethanol, and livestock production is repeated all over 

18 this great nation. 

19 Let me be clear. EPA's decision not to follow the 

20 intent of Congress when it developed the RFS in 2007 is 

21 highly disappointing to all of agriculture. As you 

22 have heard and will continue to hear for the rest of 

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1 the day, renewable fuels, and more specifically corn2 based ethanol, has been a tremendous success story for 

3 our nation as a whole and for Nebraska's economy in 

4 particular. 

5 According to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 

6 the ethanol industry in our State provides $5 billion a 

7 year to Nebraska's economy. The RFS has reduced our 

8 country's dependence on foreign crude oil, reduced air 

9 pollution, increased farm incomes, and has provided 

10 good-paying jobs across rural America. EPA's proposal 

11 is a step in the wrong direction and ignores the 

12 benefits that ethanol and biofuels have provided. 

13 As the second-largest producer of ethanol in 

14 Nebraska -- or in the nation, Nebraska is also home to 

15 a number of business which produce products related to 

16 the ethanol -- to ethanol production. You heard 

17 earlier about the trip that Governor Ricketts from 

18 Nebraska took to Europe and the visit with Novozymes in 

19 Denmark and how they have made the determination that 

20 because of the uncertainty that there is because of the 

21 proposal from EPA related to the RFS, that they're 

22 choosing not to expand in Nebraska at this time. 
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1 This is very concerning to us, and it's only one 

2 example of how EPA's failure to meet the bio blending -

3 - biofuels blending objectives under the RFS standard 

4 has -- as outlined by Congress doesn't just affect 

5 Nebraska farmers, but other hard-working citizens 

6 across the nation as well. 

7 Thank you. 

8 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Steve. 

9 Any questions? 

10 (No response.) 

11 MS. WEBER: No? Thank you. 

12 Panel 18, come up. 

13 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And I'll ask the 

14 representatives for Panel 20 to also please go over to 

15 the staging area, please. Gabe Corey, Mick Henderson, 

16 Greg Olsen, Mark DeVries, Steve Murphy, William Howell, 

17 and Jim Galvin. 

18 MR. MARKHAM: Good afternoon. My name is Steve 

19 Markham, and I'm here to speak on behalf of CHS, Inc. 

20 Thank you for holding this hearing in the middle 

21 of the country to give the public an opportunity to 

22 share its thoughts on your RFS proposal. 

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1 I'm a senior trader in charge of distillers dried 

2 grain for CHS, the nation's largest farmer-owned co-op. 

3 We are headquartered at Inver Grove Heights, 

4 Minnesota, and are owned by over 600,000 producers 

5 across the country. 

6 CHS is a globally integrated Fortune 100 company 

7 involved in many different lines of business, including 

8 crop nutrients, grain marketing services, animal feed, 

9 insurance, financial and risk management services, and 

10 food and food ingredients. We are also a major 

11 supplier of energy to rural America. CHS is the 

12 nation's largest cooperative refiner, with refiners 

13 located in Montana and just west of here in McPherson, 

14 Kansas. 

15 We are also a major marketer of renewable fuels, 

16 and with recent purchases of two plants in Illinois, we 

17 are now a major producer of renewable fuels. CHS owns 

18 the Cenex energy brand, which includes a network of 

19 1,400 convenience stores. 

20 As both a fossil fuel refiner and a producer of 

21 renewable fuels, as well as fuel retailer, CHS has a 

22 unique perspective on the renewable fuel standard that 

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1 I would like to share with you. But first, some brief 

2 background. 

3 CHS was one of the first in the industry to offer 

4 ethanol-blended fuels and the first to allow E85 and 

5 mid-level ethanol fuels under our branded canopy. 

6 Today, we are the leading retailer of branded E85, and 

7 last year, CHS moved nearly 1 billion gallons of 

8 ethanol to domestic customers and a growing number of 

9 international destinations. 

10 Regarding your blending proposal, let me say up 

11 front that CHS supports a stronger renewable fuel 

12 standard. We support the RFS because it supports 

13 American farmers and because it is setting the U.S. 

14 renewables industry on a path to economic viability. 

15 The RFS has proven vital to the rural economy. 

16 Ethanol production supports the price of corn, and 

17 accounts for nearly 400,000 jobs in rural America. 

18 Ethanol also provides CHS additional market opportunity 

19 to add domestic and global value to our farmer owners. 

20 We also believe ethanol will continue to serve as 

21 a key component of our global energy platform as an 

22 excellent, cost-effective oxygenate and octane booster 

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1 for our refined fuels. Ethanol is a key part of the 

2 supply chain for both agriculture and petroleum, and 

3 the RFS is needed to ensure it remains that way. 

4 CHS supports the flexibilities that have been 

5 built into the RFS, such as those that allow the EPA to 

6 consider the fluctuation in actual consumption and 

7 production levels. We believe the annual blending 

8 requirements should be set with a focus on long-term 

9 impacts on the economy rather than short-term crop and 

10 market conditions. 

11 We also strongly urge the EPA to set these 

12 blending requirements statutory -- by statutory 

13 deadlines. Delays in the requirements have caused 

14 unnecessary uncertainty for our growers and ethanol 

15 producers. They also contribute to the volatility of 

16 RINs, which increases cost for refineries. 

17 On a final note, CHS is a member of some of the 

18 renewable fuels and petroleum industry associations 

19 present here. We appreciate their work and represent 

20 interests in the respective industries. However, we 

21 are concerned that the effort to influence EPA, 

22 Congress, and the public on the merits or faults of the 
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1 RFS has confused our customers about the proper use of 

2 ethanol. 

3 The public deserves a single set of facts backed 

4 by science, recognized by the fuels and vehicle 

5 manufacturers of the industries. That gives them 

6 confidence in the choice they make. We urge all 

7 parties affected by the RFS to work together on an 

8 advocacy plan that recognizes both the usefulness of 

9 ethanol as well as the realities and challenges of the 

10 nation's transportation fuel infrastructure. 

11 Thank you. 

12 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Steve. 

13 MR. KLOSTERMAN: Good afternoon to you all. 

14 Before voicing my thoughts regarding the proposed rule 

15 on RVO and RFS, I'd like to introduce myself. 

16 I'm Carson Klosterman. I farm in a partnership 

17 with my wife, Haley, and we farm alongside my father, 

18 Tom, and older brother Tyler. I'm here on behalf of 

19 the North Dakota Corn Growers, representing 

20 approximately 1,300 members throughout our State. And 

21 we believe that the ethanol industry has been to date 

22 the best successful economic development for rural 

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1 America. 

2 Let's take a moment to look at the ethanol 

3 industry at a mile-high view. What you see are several 

4 industries capitalizing with one another, developing 

5 the rural economy to what you see today. It's a domino 

6 effect, from the individual who sells a property to 

7 build the ethanol plant to the land value increasing 

8 due to the building of the facility, to the tax -- 

9 increase on the tax rates on the property, which 

10 translates to more school revenue. 

11 You have a construction company, which would hire 

12 local residents to build the facility, local 

13 businesses, such as gravel pits, ready-mix concrete 

14 plants, power companies, rural water districts 

15 supplying the materials to build and run it. Hotels, 

16 gas stations, restaurants, all of these benefit from 

17 workers and activities. 

18 Along with providing immediate short-term economic 

19 growth, it supplies long-term growth as well. To name 

20 a few, the good-paying, middle-class jobs for those who 

21 run the facility, local millwright and crane crews 

22 coming to do repairs and maintenance, trucking 

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1 companies moving products in and out of the facility, 

2 and the livestock industry getting an excellent cost3 effective feed source for their animals. 

4 The ethanol industry also promotes economic rural 

5 development by producing factories outside of the 

6 cities, giving Americans reasons to move away from the 

7 urban areas. Creating these facilities in rural 

8 settings and spaced randomly throughout America also 

9 could benefit in times of war and peace. 

10 From 2008 to 2012, North Dakota corn industry has 

11 contributed $9.73 billion to the economy. We have 5 

12 ethanol plants with an average of 50 workers, salaries 

13 of $45,000 to $48,000, and those 250 people use a total 

14 of 163 million bushels of corn, produce 435 million 

15 gallons of ethanol, and 1.3 million tons of distillers 

16 grains for high-quality livestock feed. And North 

17 Dakota fuel stations on percent basis are selling more 

18 than the current mandated rate. 

19 The numbers I've just briefly touched on emphasize 

20 that ethanol has been the single-largest factor in 

21 rural development, and I will leave you with this 

22 question. Now that the ethanol industry is up and 

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1 running, subsidy free, producing more gallons than 

2 currently stated in the RFS, would you take the legs 

3 out from underneath its steady forward pace? 

4 Thank you for this opportunity to testify. 

5 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

6 MR. ENGER: For the record, my name is Jeff Enger. 

7 I serve in North Dakota Corn Grower Board. I farm 

8 8,000 acres in partnership with my brother, son, and 

9 nephew near Marion, North Dakota. We also operate a 

10 thousand-head feedlot with hoop barns. 

11 The feedlot was a $700,000 investment for our 

12 operation. Our feedlot is located within 17 miles of a 

13 65 million gallon per year ethanol plant that just went 

14 into production in May of 2015. 

15 I want to focus on three points that the renewable 

16 fuel standard and ethanol has meant to our farming 

17 operation and rural community -- real economic 

18 improvement, sustainability, and lessening our carbon 

19 footprint. 

20 First, in my long farming career, there has not 

21 been one single policy that has done more to revitalize 

22 our area than the renewable fuel standard. In the 
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1 1980s, with low market prices, we lost an entire 

2 generation of farmers. The RFS has reversed the trend 

3 of young people leaving rural areas. 

4 Since 2005, 14 young persons have come back to our 

5 community to farm. This has added young families to 

6 our rural school districts and our local churches. We 

7 have also seen a large build-out of grain-handling 

8 infrastructure with the increased yields that corn has 

9 proven in our area. 

10 Secondly, ethanol production has allowed our farms 

11 to become more sustainable. We purchase the high12 protein wet distiller grains, or DDGs, a co-product of 

13 the ethanol production process, to feed our cattle. 

14 DDGs are a high-quality and high-value feed product to 

15 our operation. The cattle have allowed us to diversify 

16 our operation so that we are not exposed strictly to 

17 the risk of grain market prices. 

18 The manure from our feedlot fertilizes 1,000 of 

19 our crop acres. On these acres, we have eliminated the 

20 need for phosphorous. We have also reduced our 

21 nitrogen and potassium needs. The livestock manure has 

22 an increased -- has also increased our soil organic 

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1 matter. 

2 Thirdly, ethanol production has reduced our carbon 

3 footprint as we meet the demands of a growing world 

4 population and is environmentally friendly in air 

5 quality improvements. The EPA recognizes that corn 

6 ethanol provides a 21 to 52 percent greenhouse gas 

7 reduction compared to ordinary gasoline. 

8 Global ethanol production and use is estimated to 

9 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 100 million metric 

10 tons in 2012, according to energy experts, the 

11 equivalent of taking 20.2 million vehicles off the 

12 road. 

13 In conclusion, I want to state that reduction in 

14 corn ethanol volumes will threaten the economic 

15 viability of corn growers and ethanol producers and 

16 will diminish the reductions in greenhouse gas 

17 emissions that we have recently seen. Our local rural 

18 communities will suffer. 

19 I ask that you return to the original renewable 

20 volume obligation, as intended by Congress. 

21 Thank you for your time. 

22 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

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1 MR. CLEMENS: Good afternoon. Mike Clemens is my 

2 name. I (audio gap) production of ethanol. That's 

3 part of the key that we see in North Dakota to educate 

4 the consumers in our State about using ethanol. 

5 Instead of going up to "What's that yellow hose all 

6 about," you're teaching them all about using it. 

7 Anyway, on behalf of the council, we'd like to 

8 voice our concern regarding the recent proposal for the 

9 rule of the 2014-'16 RVOs as a requirement or part of 

10 the RFS which keeps RVOs below the statutory levels. 

11 The ethanol industry plays an important role in our 

12 State's diverse energy sector, and the proposed rule 

13 would be detrimental to our State's economy. 

14 With this type of proposal, the administration is 

15 quitting on the 15th year of the certainty of the RFS. 

16 In fact, one of the last plants that got built in the 

17 State of North Dakota had a permit that was issued 2 

18 years ago by the EPA as an RFS2 certified ethanol plant 

19 to get into that next level of marketing. And so, it's 

20 very efficient. It's a low carbon facility. 

21 So we've done our part by expanding our production 

22 in our State, doing it the best we can and the most 

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1 efficient way we can, lowering our carbon footprint. 

2 We've talked a lot about jobs in the State. A lot 

3 of people have hit on that from other States. It is no 

4 different in the State of North Dakota. Major jobs 

5 with good salaries and employment. 

6 It seems like consumer savings is a real ticket 

7 here, what we're trying to get across to everybody. 

8 The one gal this morning talked about the savings with 

9 her car, picking up the yellow hose, E15. 

10 You know, on our way down today, I looked at the 

11 different prices. We stopped at a blender station. 

12 Sixty-two cents a gallon between E85 and E15, 9 cents a 

13 gallon between E15 and E10, 25 cents a gallon between 

14 E10 and super. 

15 Other stations we went to, there was a 30-cent 

16 spread between unleaded gasoline and 10 percent blend. 

17 Can you imagine if we had all these stations all with 

18 flex-fuel pumps and blender pumps in them how much more 

19 we could increase the volume of ethanol into the 

20 consumers' hands, saving them a minimum of $1,000 to 

21 $1,500 a year, depending on their driving. 

22 The dependence on foreign oil never goes away. 
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1 You know, we went from 35 to 28 percent in the last few 

2 years with the use of ethanol into the marketplace. 

3 That is a huge, quite an undertaking for the ethanol 

4 industry and the farmers who supply the corn to the 

5 industry and the new generation of ethanol. So we ask 

6 for a reconsideration on your proposals and stick to 

7 the original statutory levels. 

8 Thank you. 

9 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

10 MR. SKUNES: Good afternoon. My name is Kevin 

11 Skunes. I'm a fourth-generation farmer from Cass 

12 County, North Dakota. 

13 On behalf of the North Dakota Corn Growers 

14 Association, let me thank you for the opportunity to 

15 testify on an issue so important to us. 

16 In 2009, our State legislature invested in the 

17 future of ethanol by passage of game-changing 

18 legislation, which included $1 million in grants for 

19 biofuel blender pumps. This legislation was unique. 

20 Its sponsors were the majority and minority leaders in 

21 the State House of Representatives and Senate. In a 

22 time of political gridlock, all sides came together to 

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1 move both the agriculture and energy industries forward 

2 by partnering North Dakota's cornfields with our oil 

3 fields. 

4 Thanks to North Dakota Corn Growers and the State 

5 of North Dakota, we know boast over 200 blender pumps 

6 throughout the State, and the use of biofuels has risen 

7 by an impressive amount despite naysayers trying to 

8 pretend otherwise. 

9 One of the arguments that you have heard today is 

10 that there is a 10 percent blend wall that cannot be 

11 exceeded due to market constraints. Petro Serve USA, a 

12 local fuel distributor in North Dakota, has numbers, 

13 which I will provide with you today, that shows this 

14 just isn't the case. 

15 Two of our State's major fuel markets are Fargo 

16 and Bismarck-Mandan. Fargo has three pipelines which 

17 converge and has traditionally had the lowest wholesale 

18 gasoline prices in the State. Bismarck-Mandan, which 

19 is served by a single facility, has traditionally been 

20 15 to 20 cents per gallon higher than Fargo. 

21 In reviewing the Petro Serve USA numbers for the 

22 Fargo stores that distribute E15 and other mid-level 

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1 ethanol blends, the overall ethanol volume sales for 

2 comparable months show a 9.18 percent market share in 

3 2013, increasing to 12.54 percent in 2015. However, 

4 the Bismarck-Mandan numbers really deserve your 

5 attention. 

6 As a higher-priced fuel market, the numbers show a 

7 jump from 10.0 percent -- 10.09 percent in January 2013 

8 to 17.26 percent in April of 2015. Looking at their 

9 overall market, numbers for E15 and mid-level ethanol 

10 blends are consistently over the 12 percent volume. 

11 This number alone indicates that a blend wall really is 

12 a false pretense. 

13 By enacting a sound public policy, ethanol will 

14 continue to meet consumer demand of quality product at 

15 an affordable price. That's why today we ask you to 

16 consider recent actions and be bold leaders in setting 

17 new, higher volume obligations. Doing so will be a 

18 win-win for our nation overall, as it has been the case 

19 in our State. 

20 Thank you. 

21 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

22 MR. SKUNES: Tom Lilja could not make it today. 

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1 He was on this panel. 

2 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you. Thank you to 

3 the panel. 

4 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

5 MS. WEBER: Next panel come up, please. 

6 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And then also we'd ask our 

7 Panel 22 representatives -- Michael Whitney, Danielle 

8 Brannan, Bob Morton, Scott Williams, Tom Brooks, and 

9 John Kruse -- if you could please come over to our 

10 panelist staging area? 

11 Thank you. 

12 MS. WEBER: All right. Gabe, go ahead. 

13 MR. COREY: Good afternoon. My name is Gabe 

14 Corey. I am the commodities and risk manager for 

15 Carbon Green BioEnergy. We produce ethanol in Lake 

16 Odessa, Michigan, that is distributed across the State 

17 and nationally. 

18 I want to focus my testimony on the job-creating 

19 benefits of ethanol, discuss our opportunity to 

20 leverage higher-blended ethanol fuel on the market, and 

21 urge you to ensure that the renewable volume 

22 obligations for each year under the RFS are set to the 
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1 statutory amount. 

2 We're proud of the many positive economic impacts 

3 of our facility, and job creation is at the top of that 

4 list. At Carbon Green BioEnergy, we employ more than 

5 40 local workers in high-skill positions. Across our 

6 State, more than 22,000 jobs are connected to the 

7 production of renewable fuels like ethanol. 

8 In addition to the jobs we create, Carbon Green 

9 BioEnergy has a far-reaching impact on our local 

10 economy. We use corn grown on more than 500 Michigan 

11 farms, all within a 2-hour drive of our facility to 

12 produce our ethanol. 

13 We also contract locally for as many services as 

14 possible. This includes everything from professional 

15 services like banking, advertising, to office supplies, 

16 uniforms, to industrial needs like welding and 

17 pipefitting. We buy Michigan made and American made 

18 first. 

19 We are more advanced and sustainable than ever, 

20 putting our facility on a strong pathway to growth into 

21 the future. I also want to emphasize the work we've 

22 done to bring higher-blend ethanol fuels to the market. 

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1 We are working hard to offer consumers alternative 

2 choices at the fuel pump. 

3 For example, we created the yellow hose campaign 

4 in Michigan to market higher-blend ethanol products, 

5 including E15, E30, and E85. We have worked closely in 

6 partnership with retailers and consumers to promote 

7 these higher blends. These efforts have worked, and 

8 they'll continue to work if statutory RVO amounts are 

9 in place. 

10 Our company is proof that when we partner with 

11 retailers to make higher-level ethanol blends available 

12 to consumers, they overwhelmingly choose ethanol13 blended fuels. And when they do, they can save money 

14 at the pump while choosing a cleaner-burning fuel that 

15 reduces greenhouse gas. 

16 But our future success depends on the RFS. With 

17 so many economic and environmental benefits coming from 

18 Michigan-made ethanol, now isn't the time to roll back 

19 a policy that has allowed the U.S. biofuel industry to 

20 grow and expand. 

21 Thank you for the opportunity to testify. 

22 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

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1 MR. HENDERSON: Hi. I'm Mick Henderson, general 

2 manager at Commonwealth Agri-Energy, a 35 million 

3 gallon a year ethanol plant in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. 

4 I thought about keeping to a tight script, and I 

5 thought about making three valid points. And everyone 

6 has so many details, I think I'll stick with the three 

7 valid points, okay? 

8 You can hear all the details from everyone, but I 

9 think you heard from our Senator Whitney Westerfield 

10 earlier about how it's been a success story for our 

11 business, for our community, for agriculture in western 

12 Kentucky, and we're very proud to be part of an 

13 integrated part of agriculture. And you hear that all 

14 over the country. 

15 I can say it's not just in Iowa. It's in western 

16 Kentucky, and you heard from a gentleman from Texas. 

17 It's wherever corn can be raised. It's wherever 

18 agriculture can take root and grow. We can also be 

19 part of the fuel supply. 

20 The EPA's proposal for 2014 through 2016 violates 

21 the law, and it contradicts Congress' intent. You 

22 can't -- I'm not a lawyer. You can't understand the 

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1 details of that maybe without a lot of work and a lot 

2 of time. So let's just say if we stay to the intent of 

3 the law, do we not do better for the country? Do we 

4 not do better for urban areas as well as ag areas? I 

5 think we do. 

6 EPA may grant a waiver request based on inadequate 

7 domestic supply of renewable fuel only when it finds 

8 that the renewable fuels industry lacks the capability 

9 to produce it. I think we've proven we can produce it. 

10 The EPA needs to understand that consumers deserve 

11 a choice at the pump. Ethanol is cheaper, cleaner 

12 burning, renewable, American made. The EPA should 

13 maintain the statutory requirements of the RFS. 

14 If you know where our plant is, Hopkinsville, 

15 Kentucky, it's about 20 miles due north of Fort 

16 Campbell, the Army installation where 101st Airborne 

17 Division and others essential to the security and 

18 safety of this nation are housed. In fact, our plant 

19 is right on the lineup for the C-5, C-130s coming in 

20 from Europe and the Middle East when they straighten 

21 out to land. 

22 On 9/11, Air Force One found safe haven with 
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1 President Bush onboard at Fort Campbell. So we're 

2 really proud of that installation in our community, and 

3 those soldiers fight and die for Middle Eastern oil. 

4 So we're really proud to be part of that solution that 

5 can be homegrown and part of agriculture that can't be 

6 shipped overseas and can't be held hostage. 

7 Thank you. 

8 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

9 MR. OLSEN: Good afternoon. My name is Greg 

10 Olsen. I'm the general manager of POET Biorefining11 Corning in Corning, Iowa. 

12 At our plant, we have 44 full-time employees who 

13 together worked to produce 73 million gallons of 

14 ethanol and over 207,000 tons of animal feed last year. 

15 We pay over $480,000 in taxes to the county, and we're 

16 an active member in the local community. 

17 There have been a lot of statements made here 

18 today, both for and against the proposed rules issued 

19 by the EPA. I've heard a lot of angry people speak up. 

20 Instead of banging my fist on the table or pointing my 

21 finger, I hope to use my short time here to provide a 

22 picture of why I'm so concerned about the future of my 

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1 plant and the small town our team so dearly loves. 

2 The company I work for, POET, recently launched 

3 the first of its kind cellulosic facility in 

4 Emmetsburg, Iowa. It's not too far from Corning. In 

5 conversations I've had with executives from our 

6 corporate headquarters back in 2013 and earlier, they 

7 spoke about how I would need to prepare our plant to 

8 build on a new cellulosic project in the future. 

9 I was not the only POET general manager to have 

10 those discussions. In fact, all of us across the 27 

11 POET plants were told that cellulosic would be the 

12 future of our facilities and that we each would be 

13 turning both corn and biomass into ethanol in the very 

14 near future. 

15 For Corning, that would mean a whole new plant 

16 constructed and a lot of new jobs created. It would 

17 mean new revenues for our 1,860 farmer suppliers and 

18 more trucks that need driving to bring the biomass to 

19 our facility. 

20 Since those initial conversations, the talk has 

21 taken a decidedly different turn, a turn for the worse, 

22 unfortunately. Now I hear from my executives words 

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1 like "regulatory uncertainty" and "lack of market 

2 access" and "unclear path to commercialization." 

3 I'm told the original proposal for the 2014 RVO 

4 and this current version are the cause of that 

5 uncertainty and that I should be prepared that a 

6 cellulosic plant in Corning is unlikely to materialize 

7 unless "EPA fixes the rule." If this is the case, then 

8 the only request I have for you today is please do 

9 whatever you can to assure those in charge at POET feel 

10 there is enough certainty to keep rolling out new 

11 plants. 

12 If what is on those 100 pages of the RVO proposal 

13 is not strong enough, please make it stronger. Our 

14 company and our town has done everything that has been 

15 asked of us under the RFS. We have created a 

16 significant amount of American-made fuel that is 

17 cheaper and cleaner for American drivers, and we are 

18 ready to do more. 

19 Give our company's leadership the confidence it 

20 needs to build, and Corning will make sure a cellulosic 

21 plant is up and producing even cleaner biofuels in the 

22 future. 

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1 Thank you for your time and attention. 

2 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

3 MR. MURPHY: Good afternoon. My name is Steve 

4 Murphy, and I am the general manager for two POET 

5 biorefining plants. One is located in Laddonia, 

6 Missouri, and the other in Macon, Missouri. These are 

7 2 of the 27 POET plants in the country. 

8 Between these two plants, we have 90 full-time 

9 employees who together worked to produce 105 million 

10 gallons of ethanol, 300,000 tons of animal feed last 

11 year. Additionally, both plants produce corn oil, 

12 liquefy carbon dioxide, and co-generate 25 megawatt 

13 hours of combined heat and power electricity for the 

14 grid through a partnership with our local rural 

15 electric co-ops. 

16 Both plants are over 80 percent owned by local 

17 farmer investors who supply the corn and sorghum we 

18 process. We employ dozens more people indirectly and 

19 did over $300 million of economic activity in 2014, 

20 which has a very big impact in rural counties like 

21 ours. 

22 I am here to make one and only one point today. 
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1 What this proposed rule does will harm those who have 

2 tried to abide by the renewable fuel standard as passed 

3 and reward those who have sought to stymie its purpose 

4 since day one. I ask you to take a step back and ask 

5 yourselves should the men and women who have worked 

6 hard and invested to make these ethanol plants a 

7 reality be penalized while oil companies get their wish 

8 and maintain the 90 percent mandate for gasoline, 

9 otherwise known as the blend wall? 

10 Much is made over the supposed 10 percent mandate 

11 for biofuels, but rarely, if ever, do you hear these 

12 rules referred to as a 90 percent mandate for oil. 

13 When the RFS was passed, the people in our industry 

14 were given a promise. Produce clean fuels, and there 

15 will be a place for them in the marketplace. 

16 Perhaps we are a bit too honest here in this part 

17 of the country, but we thought a deal was a deal. So 

18 our industry went ahead and built out the capacity to 

19 supply 15 billion gallons of renewable fuel. 

20 Now with this rule, the EPA is saying, well, yes, 

21 that is what the legislation said, but the oil 

22 companies, also known as the obligated parties, aren't 

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1 quite as obligated to use your renewable fuel as you 

2 were led to believe. 

3 Meanwhile, we hear about the blend wall and how 

4 they can't sell the fuel and don't control the retail 

5 sector. Are you really suggesting that the 

6 sophisticated marketers that the oil companies employ 

7 can't find a way to incentivize retailers to buy and 

8 offer mid-level blends? 

9 The standard ethanol blend in Brazil is now 27.5 

10 percent ethanol. How can a developing country like 

11 Brazil convert all their infrastructure and vehicles to 

12 run on 27.5 percent ethanol and the USA can't even 

13 manage 15 percent ethanol with cars from the same 

14 automakers? 

15 One must assume Brazil also has boats and small 

16 engines. How can Brazil accomplish the seemingly 

17 impossible feat and the USA can't? 

18 Cut through all the jargon and the rhetoric and 

19 the soundbites and what are you left with? A rule that 

20 tells oil companies they don't have to lift a finger to 

21 comply with the statute. Oil companies are rewarded 

22 for limiting competition. 

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1 You also heard our investor corn farmers who are 

2 trying to break even with a record corn supply, reduced 

3 Government crop subsidies, and corn prices at a 5-year 

4 low. You are telling the people that built out the 

5 biofuel supply chain to produce the over 15 billion 

6 gallons called out in the law that they lose for 

7 trusting the Government to apply the law as written. 

8 So on behalf of all of my teammates, my town, and 

9 my industry, let's get this law back on track. On 

10 behalf of rural America, lower fuel prices, higher 

11 octane performance, and cleaner air, let's do what we 

12 set out to do and build diversity and competition into 

13 the fuels market. 

14 And on behalf of all Americans, let show some 

15 foresight and do it while oil prices are low so that 

16 when fuel prices come back up, consumers have an option 

17 to deal with them. 

18 Thank you. 

19 MR. GALVIN: Good afternoon. My name is Jim 

20 Galvin. I'm going to try and bring a bit of Irishness 

21 to proceedings here. 

22 Lakeview Energy is an Irish-owned agribusiness and 

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1 renewable energy company based in Chicago with 

2 investments in two biorefineries, Plymouth Energy in Le 

3 Mars, Iowa, and Three Rivers Energy in Coshocton, Ohio. 

4 I am the CEO of the company, and I'm also one of the 

5 owners of the business. 

6 I believe the U.S. is the envy of many countries 

7 around the world for enacting a policy as successful as 

8 the renewable fuel standard in helping to rejuvenate 

9 agriculture and rural communities, along with providing 

10 food and clean, renewable fuel to consumers and for 

11 breaking down the monopoly enjoyed by big oil for 

12 decades in the fuel industry. And guess what? It 

13 requires absolutely no subsidies. 

14 I want to applaud the politicians and Government 

15 agencies that had the foresight, the courage, and the 

16 vision in 2005 and 2007 to enact the renewable fuel 

17 standard. Despite all the dire predictions made from 

18 some of the so-called experts that are still around the 

19 place today, this has been a true success story of 

20 American ingenuity and hard work. We make products 

21 that are truly made in America. 

22 Why did we choose to invest in the U.S.? We liked 
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1 the way business was conducted here and the scale and 

2 potential in agriculture. What really amazed me was 

3 the fact that we could produce and ship ethanol from Le 

4 Mars, Iowa, to Ireland cheaper than what we could 

5 produce it for in Ireland. 

6 The U.S. biofuels industry today continues to be 

7 the cheapest, lowest-cost producer of this renewable 

8 fuel in the world. But apart from those attributes, 

9 one of the key reasons we chose the U.S. was because of 

10 stable government and, more importantly, stable 

11 policies to ensure that when businesses invest, they 

12 will not have to deal with political risks that exist 

13 in many other countries. 

14 The renewable fuel standard is not a sprint. It's 

15 a marathon. We, as owners in this industry, have put 

16 our trust in the policies put in place by Government. 

17 Let's hope that Government and its agencies hold up to 

18 its end of the bargain and that it can see beyond the 

19 misguided information peddled out there by big oil and 

20 food companies whose sole interest is to protect their 

21 monopolies, preserve their profits, and deny consumers 

22 access to cleaner, cheaper, renewable fuel. 

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1 I will leave you with a famous quote from Harold 

2 R. McAlindon. "Do not follow where the path may lead. 

3 Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail." 

4 I would ask you to take that path. Thank you. 

5 (Applause.) 

6 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

7 MR. DEVRIES: Good afternoon. My name is Mark 

8 DeVries, and I work for POET Ethanol Products in 

9 Wichita, Kansas. We are the marketing arm of POET, 

10 LLC, and in this role, we market ethanol for 34 ethanol 

11 refineries, including POET's 27 plants. 

12 The EPA indicated in its proposed rule that it 

13 encourages both the rollout of advanced biofuel 

14 production and investment in the infrastructure needed 

15 to distribute higher blends of ethanol. We have 

16 reviewed the proposed rule and conclude that these 

17 stated goals will not be accomplished. 

18 With this rule, there remains little to no 

19 incentive for the obligated parties that control 50 

20 percent of the retail supply chain to make investment 

21 in new blending equipment. In addition, the lack of 

22 infrastructure stifles investment in cellulosic 

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1 production by creating uncertainty in market access for 

2 cellulosic ethanol gallons. 

3 When the RFS was passed in 2007, it was 

4 anticipated that there would be investment required to 

5 break through the E10 blend wall. In theory, the EPA 

6 approval of E15 for the majority of vehicles in the 

7 U.S. made meeting the statutory blending levels much 

8 easier, and yet today, the number of retail stations 

9 offering E15 remains negligible despite the fact that 

10 ethanol is less expensive than petroleum blend stock 

11 and provides higher octane. 

12 The EPA has mistakenly interpreted the lack of E15 

13 consumption as lack of consumer demand. In reality, 

14 consumers are prevented from buying E15 because the 

15 major oil companies refuse to allow market access. 

16 None of the major brands allow E15 to be offered 

17 under their standard brand agreements and do not offer 

18 E15 blends at their blending terminals for their 

19 unbranded customers. The handful of private brands 

20 that have made voluntary investments in the 

21 infrastructure required to offer E15 are proof that 

22 meeting the statutory RFS volumes is not only possible, 

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1 it is profitable. 

2 The reduction in the RFS volumes will also have a 

3 chilling effect on future investment in ethanol 

4 cellulosic production. To date, POET and other 

5 producers have invested hundreds of millions of dollars 

6 in this area in the belief that the RFS would remain 

7 intact and there would be a market for their 

8 production. 

9 These are long-term decisions based on consistent 

10 energy policy. By reducing the RFS volumes and 

11 providing no incentive for infrastructure development, 

12 the EPA has signaled that additional investment in 

13 cellulosic ethanol production is not justified. 

14 The RFS was intended to be a forward-looking 

15 regulation that fostered increasing amounts of 

16 renewable fuels through a combination of targets and 

17 market incentives. It was not meant to be a backward18 looking accounting exercise that placed the burden of 

19 infrastructure investment solely on the biofuels 

20 community. 

21 We respectfully request the EPA to reconsider and 

22 revise the renewable volume obligations to their 
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1 original statutory levels. 

2 Thank you. 

3 MS. WEBER: Thank you. Paul? 

4 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Yeah, thank you all for your 

5 testimony, and it's not a question really. It's just a 

6 request. 

7 Last year, POET had a grand opening of a facility 

8 in Emmetsburg. I had the opportunity of participating 

9 and going there. It's great. It's a very impressive 

10 facility. I would like that you would carry back a 

11 request from the agency to give us an update on the 

12 status of when that facility is actually going to be 

13 producing any ethanol. 

14 So I understand there are some technical issues 

15 they've been going through, but it'd be good for us to 

16 have that updated as we go into setting our final 

17 standards. 

18 Thank you. 

19 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you. 

20 Next panel, Panel 22? 

21 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And also if Panel 24 

22 representatives could please come up to the staging 

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1 area over on your right? Steve Nogel, Anthony Bush, 

2 Chad Kemp, and Jed Bower. 

3 Thank you. 

4 MS. WEBER: All right, Michael. You get to go 

5 first. 

6 MR. WHITNEY: Well, good afternoon. My name is 

7 Michael Whitney. I work for Musket Corporation. 

8 Musket Corporation is the supply and trading arm 

9 of the Love's Travel Stops and Country Stores. Love's 

10 is headquartered in Oklahoma City, and we operate a 

11 nationwide chain of 288 travel stops and truck stops, 

12 as well as 61 convenience stores. We're in 40 States. 

13 Quite simply, we sell fuel to truckers, and that's 

14 what we're here to talk about is the impact that the 

15 RFS has on our customers and why biodiesel is important 

16 to us. We're not environmentalists. We sell fuel to 

17 truckers. You'll hear me say that a lot. 

18 We do it because it is cheaper, and as part of our 

19 commitment to our customers to provide the most 

20 competitively priced fuel, we put biodiesel into the 

21 fuel. As part of that promise, they demand typically 

22 discounts for biodiesel blended into the diesel fuel. 

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1 So it's a very virtuous circle. 

2 We have a cheaper feedstock to put into what we 

3 sell at the stores, and we pass that on to our 

4 customers. When we pass on discounts to customers, 

5 that's not just, hey, these guys got a cheaper tank of 

6 gasoline. This means that they are able to transport 

7 goods back and forth from the market to the grocery 

8 store and everywhere else to make goods cheaper 

9 throughout the country. So it has a very virtuous 

10 effect on the overall economic environment. 

11 The other thing that this does is it puts pressure 

12 on our other primary supplies, which are petroleum 

13 companies, who we buy a lot of diesel from. To the 

14 extent that we are buying less diesel from the 

15 petroleum companies and buying more biodiesel, we're 

16 putting more pressure for them to meet lower price 

17 points to try to come and meet our demand on price. 

18 The other thing I want to talk to you about was 

19 just how the RINs work in this market. As part of my 

20 job there, I actually have to buy and sell and transact 

21 these things. So many people on the panels who've 

22 spoken today talk about RINs in the sort of theoretical 

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1 point of view, but I actually transact them and have 

2 transacted several million of them today as part of our 

3 risk management. 

4 The RIN in the biodiesel program is a part that is 

5 working. It's a clearing mechanism for the price via 

6 supply and demand. When the RIN prices are high, it 

7 incentivizes people to produce more biodiesel and blend 

8 more biodiesel, which creates more supply and drives 

9 them down. Thus, it comes back into equilibrium around 

10 where the RVO targets are set. 

11 The other thing to think about on the biodiesel 

12 RIN perspective is it is a very beneficial RIN for the 

13 rest of the RIN complex. We like to call the biodiesel 

14 RIN the O-negative blood of the RIN world because you 

15 can freely donate it to the other categories. And if 

16 you run into other rigidities around the supply chain, 

17 whether they be an ethanol blend wall, you can use 

18 biodiesel and D4 RINs to go help alleviate some of the 

19 shortcomings because of the nestings in the categories. 

20 As we look at the proposal set forth right now, 

21 there is some consternation on whether or not these 

22 targets are big enough or too big, et cetera. We think 
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1 that the numbers are extremely conservative. 

2 Unlike other fuels that have been talked about 

3 today, we have plenty of capacity existing and being 

4 built at this stage to put more biodiesel into the fuel 

5 supply. Across our 300-plus stations, we're doing 

6 around 6 to 7 percent of biodiesel into our total fuel 

7 supply, and we have existing idle capacity, and we have 

8 more capital projects online without having to add more 

9 facilities. 

10 In summary -- 

11 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Could you grab that other 

12 microphone? I think your battery went. 

13 MR. WHITNEY: So, in summary, what I'd like to say 

14 is that the biodiesel mandate is working because it's 

15 working for Love's and Love's customers. It makes our 

16 diesel cheaper. It also makes fuel more available in 

17 times of inclement weather, extreme weather conditions, 

18 and that the targets set forth are easily achievable 

19 with the existing infrastructure. 

20 Thank you for your time. 

21 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

22 MR. MORTON: Hello. My name is Bob Morton. I 

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1 represent Newport Biodiesel, the only biodiesel 

2 producer in Rhode Island and one of several small 

3 producers in the New England area. 

4 I'm also a member of the governing board of NBB. 

5 In that role, I have helped to draft our response to 

6 the RFS rulemaking process. 

7 I'm aware of the complexity of establishing RVOs 

8 for the next several years, but I'd like to present 

9 some basic principles that I feel should guide EPA in 

10 establishing future RVO values. 

11 First and foremost, EPA should recognize and 

12 emphasize that the primary objective of the RFS is to 

13 reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the use of 

14 advanced biofuels. This is stated clearly in the 

15 executive summary of the proposed rule, and it should 

16 be the driving force behind the final volumes proposed. 

17 However, that concept tends to get lost in the 

18 many machinations of the rulemaking process. I 

19 personally believe that climate change is the defining 

20 issue of our time and that the RFS is an important step 

21 in addressing that issue. Climate change was the main 

22 reason that I joined with others to form Newport 

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1 Biodiesel, with the goal of producing a clean fuel that 

2 would help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Rhode 

3 Island while creating substantial number of green jobs. 

4 For several years, we were quite successful in 

5 expanding our business. Then -- and 2013 was our best 

6 year by far, as a robust RFS and the biodiesel blenders 

7 tax credit combined to create a strong market for 

8 biodiesel. 

9 Then, in 2014, EPA proposed RVOs that were well 

10 below what the biodiesel industry had already proven it 

11 could produce, and the tax credit expired. This 

12 created an extremely difficult business climate that 

13 caused many small producers like us to close and from 

14 which we are still struggling to recover. 

15 We appreciate that EPA has improved the RVO 

16 numbers and that the volumes increase with time. 

17 However, these volumes remain well below what the 

18 industry can produce, and they are far from an 

19 aggressive approach to expanding biodiesel production. 

20 There is little we can do regarding 2014 and '15, but 

21 we can take a more aggressive stance on 2016 and '17. 

22 NBB has proposed a very reasonable 2.4 billion 

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1 gallons for 2016 and 2.7 for 2017. I feel these 

2 volumes should be strongly considered. Anything less 

3 than 2 billion gallons per year certainly misses the 

4 opportunity to help meet the climate change objectives 

5 of this administration. 

6 A second concept that must be considered is the 

7 effect of imported biodiesel on a domestic industry. 

8 It is critical that EPA be realistic in addressing the 

9 potential for much more biodiesel to be imported in the 

10 coming years. Unless EPA accounts appropriately for 

11 this increased volume, small producers, such as Newport 

12 Biodiesel, will be soon priced right out of the market. 

13 I have heard EPA estimates of imported biodiesel 

14 to be in the vicinity of 100 million gallons per year, 

15 but I'm sure that NBB will provide definite evidence 

16 that the potential for such impacts -- imports is three 

17 or four times higher. 

18 As a growing industry operating in a market 

19 dominated by the heavily subsidized oil industry, 

20 biodiesel needs a strong RFS. I urge EPA to listen to 

21 this evidence and to be more aggressive in specifying 

22 appropriate RVOs to make the RFS a truly important tool 
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54 (Pages 210 to 213)

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1 in addressing climate change. 

2 Thank you. 

3 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

4 MS. WEBER: Thank you, Bob. 

5 DR. KRUSE: Esteemed EPA team members, my name is 

6 John Kruse. I am the principal and director of 

7 quantitative analysis for a company called World 

8 Agricultural, Economic, and Environmental Analysis. We 

9 provide quantitative analytical support to many 

10 different industries, including agricultural companies 

11 and biofuels companies. 

12 Thank you for the opportunity to comment on EPA's 

13 proposed rule. 

14 Since 2005, I've been analyzing biofuels policies 

15 in the United States and internationally, particularly 

16 focusing on their effects on agricultural markets. 

17 Over the past 6 years, I have provided econometric 

18 modeling support to the National Biodiesel Board to 

19 objectively measure the implications of alternative 

20 volume obligations, the blenders credit, the blend 

21 wall, international biofuels policies, and other market 

22 issues on both the biofuels and agricultural sectors 

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1 globally. 

2 In order to measure these impacts in an 

3 increasingly complex global biofuels marketplace, my 

4 team and I utilize the WAEES global agricultural and 

5 biofuels partial equilibrium modeling system. The 

6 model includes 45 countries and regions that capture 

7 all of global agriculture and the biofuel sectors in 

8 the 12 countries and regions accounting for the 

9 majority of biofuels production and use. 

10 The model includes over 30 agricultural 

11 commodities, as well as ethanol and biodiesel. Our 

12 U.S. biofuels models are very complex, simulating 

13 supply and demand in the RIN markets and their 

14 interrelationship with biodiesel and ethanol and 

15 ultimately agricultural markets. The WAEES model 

16 captures the inner working of biofuel feedstock markets 

17 and measures the impact that volume obligations have on 

18 these markets, accounting for the sectors that compete 

19 for the same feedstocks. 

20 I have placed some emphasis on the mechanics of 

21 the WAEES model because the biofuels markets and 

22 feedstock markets must balance competing demand and 

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1 supply at an equilibrium price. In short, the model 

2 does not allow one to cheat in the sense of drawing 

3 more feedstocks into one sector without having 

4 implications for competing demands in feedstock prices. 

5 Today, I'd like to briefly highlight the 

6 implications of an alternative scenario to the proposed 

7 biodiesel volume obligations. The alternative scenario 

8 included a biodiesel volume obligation of 2.1 billion 

9 gallons in 2015, 2.4 billion gallons in 2016, and 2.7 

10 billion gallons in 2017. 

11 As you are aware, the biodiesel industry has 

12 greatly diversified its feedstock mix over the past few 

13 years, and most notably, distillers corn oil is a 

14 growing source of supply for biofuels. Distillers corn 

15 oil is primarily used as an energy source in livestock 

16 rations and with falling grain prices is expected to 

17 find higher value in biodiesel production. 

18 In addition, as per your January 2015 

19 announcement, the Argentine biodiesel sector now has 

20 increased ability to earn D4 RINs, even as other 

21 international markets for Argentine biodiesel have 

22 diminished. The available Argentine supply, in 

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1 combination with abundant distillers corn oil and other 

2 feedstocks, lessens the impact of increased volume 

3 obligations on feedstock prices. 

4 In this scenario, with a 2.7 billion gallon volume 

5 obligation in 2017, the WAEES model simulates soybean 

6 oil prices in the range of 34 to 35 cents per pound. 

7 By comparison, soybean oil prices exceed 50 cents per 

8 pound in 2011-'12 and 2012-'13 marketing years. 

9 The prices have fallen in the past few years and 

10 are expected to average 33 cents for 2014 and '15. 

11 Thank you for your attention. 

12 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

13 MS. BRANNAN: My name is Danielle Brannan. I'm a 

14 longtime employee of New Leaf Biofuel, a small refinery 

15 in San Diego that converts used cooking oil into 

16 biodiesel. 

17 As a small company -- oh, sorry, lost my place 

18 already. As a small company that is producing the 

19 lowest carbon fuel of any biofuel company in the world, 

20 I'm here today to discuss how the RFS volumes proposed 

21 for 2016 and 2017 will likely lead to very negative 

22 consequences for our company. 
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55 (Pages 214 to 217)

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1 When I was hired in 2010, the RFS was just getting 

2 off the ground, and we had 12 employees. In 2012, we 

3 began a multimillion dollar project to increase 

4 production. By early 2013, we had 28 employees, and we 

5 enjoyed our most prosperous year ever. 

6 And then the 2014 NPRM was proposed. In a matter 

7 of months, New Leaf went from producing 24 hours a day, 

8 7 days a week, and never being able to make enough 

9 biodiesel to laying off a third of our staff. 

10 Ironically, but sad, one year ago today, on June 

11 25, 2014, every half hour, I watched my CEO walk 

12 another employee and another friend of mine out the 

13 door, both with tears in their eyes. We lost 10 

14 employees that day. 

15 That horrible day was a direct result of there 

16 being more biodiesel supply than demand. When EPA 

17 makes our market smaller, as you did in 2014, then 

18 biodiesel made from used cooking oil is often the first 

19 casualty, which means my company is the first to close 

20 its doors. 

21 In 2014, we were forced to scale back the plant, 

22 and we watched as other plants that produce used 

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1 cooking oil biodiesel went out of business. This is 

2 why we are so concerned about the proposed rule. If 

3 our goal is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the 

4 EPA has demonstrated numerous times that that's its top 

5 priority, then it's extremely important that the EPA 

6 get the numbers right for biomass-based diesel and 

7 other advanced biofuels. 

8 We worry that the 2016-'17 RVO will lead to a 

9 repeat of June 25, 2014. In 2013, the industry 

10 produced 1.8 billion gallons, the same number now 

11 proposed for 2016, and in 2013, Argentina didn't have a 

12 pathway into the U.S. for biodiesel. 

13 We understand that the EPA intends for biodiesel 

14 to also contribute to the advanced pool, but we are 

15 very concerned that this volume will be met by 

16 sugarcane ethanol, putting more pressure on the blend 

17 wall. Or we will face ships passing in the night, 

18 sugarcane ethanol from Brazil bound for the U.S. 

19 passing a South American-bound vessel with corn 

20 ethanol, burning bunker fuel the whole way. 

21 The proposed 2015 number is a full 10 percent less 

22 than 2013 production. Your agency just released the 

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1 May 2015 production number for biomass-based diesel, 

2 169.4 million, which can be annualized at 2.03 billion. 

3 The EPA repeats numerous times in the proposal 

4 that it intends to stimulate growth in the D4 category, 

5 but these May numbers show that the 2016-'17 proposed 

6 volumes are not strong enough to do that. 

7 We're very lucky to have survived the last 12 

8 months. If we hadn't dramatically scaled back a year 

9 ago, we wouldn't be here right now. We hope the EPA 

10 will reconsider the 2016 and '17 proposals to what our 

11 industry originally proposed, 2.4 and 2.7 billion 

12 gallons. 

13 On behalf of small biodiesel plants across the 

14 country, please reconsider how your proposal will 

15 stifle production of biodiesel from recycled sources. 

16 Thank you. 

17 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

18 MR. BROOKS: Good afternoon. I'm Tom Brooks, 

19 general manager of Western Dubuque Biodiesel, located 

20 in Farley, Iowa. 

21 Our company, a 30 million gallon facility, 

22 provided the first new hiring opportunity in our town 

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1 of 900 in the past 15 years. These are well above 

2 average pay jobs. Currently, we have a payroll of 

3 $1.65 million for our employees and another contract of 

4 $2.2 million for our leased drivers. 

5 The market will only support half the biodiesel 

6 currently produced based on your proposed RVO with the 

7 industry projected imports included. This means 

8 potentially half our industry will be either laid off 

9 or terminated for this year and next. This means for 

10 my facility a $2.5 million to a $4 million loss in 

11 revenues in 2015. 

12 In 2014 -- or 2013, we projected what our volumes 

13 and losses would be based on the proposed RVO. We 

14 projected a $3.8 million loss, and I'm here today to 

15 tell you we suffered a $3.2 million loss because of the 

16 proposed RVO that was released in 2013. 

17 Our company and its 557 local investors is 

18 disappointed in the EPA's proposed biodiesel RVO for 

19 2015 and '16. EPA's most recent proposal is a step in 

20 the right direction, provides some growth for 

21 biodiesel, but it does not go far enough. 

22 The proposed increase to 1.9 billion gallons in 
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1 2017 is only slightly higher than the biodiesel 

2 industry's record production of 1.8 billion gallons in 

3 2013. For the final rule, I'm asking you for 

4 additional growth of at least 2 billion gallons for 

5 2016 and 2.3 billion gallons for 2017 to account for 

6 these added imports. 

7 It's clear that the EPA has chosen a winner and a 

8 loser if the proposed RVO is not changed to account for 

9 the growing imports. Biodiesel, that has done 

10 everything that has been asked of it as an industry, 

11 will be the clear loser with this proposal. The 

12 petroleum industry and importers will thrive under this 

13 proposal. 

14 I'm a U.S. Air Force officer veteran who served in 

15 the Gulf, and I'm concerned about improving U.S. energy 

16 security. The biodiesel industry is increasing 

17 domestic energy production, diversifying fuel supplies, 

18 and expanding domestic refining capacity so that we're 

19 not so vulnerable to global oil markets and associated 

20 refining bottlenecks. 

21 This improves U.S. energy security because no 

22 matter how much oil we discover domestically, consumers 

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1 will continue to be at the mercy of heavily manipulated 

2 global petroleum prices until we have diversity in our 

3 market. 

4 Biodiesel is not ethanol. The gasoline pool is 

5 shrinking while the diesel pool is growing. If your 

6 goal is to address the blend wall, then you've 

7 dramatically missed the mark. 

8 You can generate a workable, responsible, and 

9 stable program for biodiesel that grows gradually 

10 without compromising the RFS. Place more gallons in 

11 the biomass-based category with less in the advanced. 

12 This will minimize the sugarcane imports and provide 

13 market certainty for U.S. biodiesel plants. 

14 Thank you for your time. 

15 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

16 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

17 MR. NOGEL: My name is Steve Nogel, and I work for 

18 Ag Processing, Inc., as vice president for renewables. 

19 Thank you for the opportunity to share our 

20 company's view on the importance of biodiesel and the 

21 Federal policies that enable the industry. 

22 AGP is a farmer-owned cooperative and a major 

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1 processor and refiner of soybeans and soybean oil in 

2 the United States with operations and facilities in 

3 seven States and internationally. AGP is one of the 

4 nation's leading biodiesel producers and feedstock 

5 providers with combined production capacity over 120 

6 million gallons of biodiesel. 

7 The biodiesel industry has created thousands of 

8 jobs and provides clean-burning and high-performance 

9 transport fuel for our country. The industry needs 

10 regulatory stability in a multiyear framework to 

11 maximize production capabilities. However, recent 

12 delays in the implementation of the RFS has led to 

13 uncertainty and hardship for U.S. biodiesel producers. 

14 Lost economic activity, reduced commodity prices, 

15 and layoffs at many of these production facilities has 

16 resulted. Thus, we appreciate and pleased with the 

17 proposed 2014, '15, '16, and '17 biomass-derived diesel 

18 renewable volume obligation proposals detailed in your 

19 current RFS rulemaking. The rulemaking appropriately 

20 recognizes the vital contribution biodiesel plays in 

21 our nation's energy and agricultural economies, and the 

22 proposed growth of the obligations over a multiyear 

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1 period for the biomass-derived diesel RVO beyond 1.28 

2 billion gallons is appreciative. 

3 However, we believe the biodiesel industry can 

4 grow beyond 1.9 billion gallons and that it was 

5 Congress' specific intent to provide the EPA with 

6 options to stimulate the domestic biodiesel industry. 

7 Various mechanisms inside the statute recognize that 

8 the RFS RVOs should accurately reflect our current 

9 industry's realities and production capability levels 

10 in future years. 

11 That being said, we hope that any attempt by EPA 

12 to create growth opportunity through the RFS should 

13 recognize that the RFS is primarily a domestic fuels 

14 policy. From a competitiveness perspective, the EPA 

15 should not intentionally or unintentionally support 

16 foreign producers of biodiesel at the expense of our 

17 domestic industry. 

18 For example, multilateral organizations such as 

19 the World Trade Organization have deemed practices such 

20 as differential export taxes for Argentine-produced 

21 biodiesel is trade distorting. Such fuel should not 

22 qualify for the RFS. 
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57 (Pages 222 to 225)

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1 In addition, in the terms of volume, if the RVO 

2 numbers do not reflect the actual import levels from 

3 foreign biodiesel producers or massively underestimate 

4 them, then the RVO numbers are not the right numbers 

5 and, in fact, could lead to many bad outcomes, such as 

6 loss of jobs and a decrease in commodity prices. 

7 Biodiesel has been an outstanding success story 

8 for our country and rural America. Please do all you 

9 can to continue to appropriately grow this vital 

10 industry in a responsible manner. 

11 Thank you. 

12 MS. WEBER: Thank you. 

13 MR. NOGEL: And I was in Panel 24, and she moved 

14 me to 22. 

15 MR. HENGST: Got it. Thank you. 

16 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: We just updated over here. 

17 (Laughter.) 

18 MS. WEBER: All right. Thank you to the panel. 

19 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

20 MS. WEBER: Next panel, please come up. 

21 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Will Panel 26 representatives 

22 please come up to your right over there along the wall 

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1 for the staging area? That's Bob Bowman, Lynn Chrisp, 

2 Amy Gregor, Bill Steffen, Jay Paul MacIntosh, and Jeff 

3 Gutz, or Gutz. 

4 MR. HENGST: All right. Please go ahead. Thank 

5 you. 

6 MR. TEGELS: Good afternoon. My name is Jerry 

7 Tegels, and I am the ethanol team leader for Buckman 

8 North America, and I live in Ankeny, Iowa. 

9 Buckman is a third-generation, privately owned 

10 company based in Memphis, Tennessee. We are a 

11 specialty chemical manufacturer and are a supplier to 

12 the ethanol industry, as well as many other industries, 

13 including pulp and paper, power generation, refining, 

14 chemical plants, et cetera. 

15 Buckman is very supportive of the biofuels 

16 industry. We are members of Growth Energy, Renewable 

17 Fuels Association, the American Coalition for Ethanol, 

18 Iowa Renewable Fuels Association, as well as other 

19 groups. We participate in trips to Washington, D.C., 

20 to lobby for the industry, and we also advocate for the 

21 industry in other ways. 

22 I and pretty much everyone else at Buckman are 

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1 very passionate about the success of biofuels in the 

2 U.S. I invested in the industry for several reasons. 

3 I grew up in northwest Iowa and still have 

4 relatives that farm in the area. I've seen the 

5 benefits of ethanol and biodiesel industries in rural 

6 America. In the past 15 years, the ethanol industry is 

7 one of the few growth industries in the rural parts of 

8 the Midwest. Ethanol is green, and it is better for 

9 the environment than oil-derived fuels. 

10 The ethanol industry is a true American success 

11 story. I have seen high-paying job opportunities for 

12 engineers and other professionals in the rural areas 

13 where these people have grown up and where many of 

14 these plants are located. 

15 Ten to 15 years ago, these people may have been 

16 working in the southern or western U.S. and have been 

17 able to relocate back to the rural Midwest since there 

18 are now good jobs for them there. I travel to plants 

19 all over the country and all over North America and 

20 have seen the same thing happen, whether it's in Iowa 

21 or Minnesota, or Tennessee or California, or wherever. 

22 Being a vendor to the industry, we have many good 

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1 jobs, good-paying jobs in the Midwest and at our 

2 headquarters in Memphis that can be positively or 

3 negatively affected by the ethanol industry. Jobs in 

4 the field, like my own, as well as purchasing, 

5 management, production, research and development, and 

6 product development jobs are all affected in some way. 

7 Our company is one of hundreds of vendors to this 

8 industry, and an uncertain ethanol industry will 

9 negatively affect many companies, not just the ethanol 

10 plants and the corn suppliers. The uncertainty created 

11 by the delays in issuing the RVO has stifled growth in 

12 the ethanol industry, especially with respect to 

13 cellulosic and advanced ethanol production. 

14 In summary, a strong ethanol industry and biofuels 

15 policy is good for everyone, from economic, 

16 environmental, and national security standpoints. 

17 Thank you for taking the time to listen to me and 

18 to all the speakers today. 

19 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

20 DR. WILLIAMS: I was on Panel 22 and didn't get 

21 that memo about the switch. So I'm sitting in Steve's 

22 seat now. 
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58 (Pages 226 to 229)

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1 My name is Dr. Scott Williams. I serve as the 

2 managing director of the Omaha Biofuels Cooperative, a 

3 member-owned and operated group with the mission to 

4 produce, use, and promote biofuels in order to reduce 

5 the use of fossil fuels. We work with local restaurant 

6 partners to collect used cooking oil and recycle it 

7 into biofuels, including biodiesel. 

8 The members of our cooperative do the work to 

9 produce our fuel, and the members can then use our fuel 

10 in our own cars, trucks, and other engines. We started 

11 doing this 7 years ago because we want, we need better 

12 fuel, and it just isn't available where we live and 

13 work. 

14 Biofuels are better. Our fuels are clean burning, 

15 renewable, locally produced, nontoxic, nonflammable, 

16 nonvolatile, noncarcinogenic, biodegradable, and carbon 

17 neutral. By contrast, out of that entire list, 

18 petroleum fossil fuels don't meet a single one of those 

19 descriptions. 

20 I thank you for organizing this hearing today, all 

21 of you from the EPA, the Environmental Protection 

22 Agency. And I'm asking you to do your duty to the 

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1 mandate of your namesake, to protect the environment. 

2 The way to do this is simple. Raise the RFS. 

3 The Omaha Biofuels Cooperative strongly supports 

4 efforts to encourage research, development, 

5 demonstration, and deployment of advanced biofuels for 

6 our society. RFS has been a fundamental, essential 

7 tool on that path. Please don't backslide now. Don't 

8 cut the volumes of biofuels in the RFS. 

9 Our cooperative isn't the biggest fuel producer 

10 you'll hear from today, and it's pretty likely that 

11 we're the smallest. We pay fuel taxes, State and 

12 local, on every gallon we produce, but we've never 

13 claimed a tax credit, blender credit, or subsidy. 

14 We've never sold a RIN. So we probably don't end up in 

15 any of the biofuels gallon totals. 

16 We started our cooperative to meet local demand 

17 for clean biofuels. We responded to signals, signals 

18 just like the RFS sentence to encourage producers to 

19 expand production capacity. 

20 If you want to cut the limits because of the claim 

21 that production capacity can't meet the volumes, we 

22 will make sure that our admittedly modest capacity is 

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1 counted in the total from here into the future. We 

2 will help prove that we can make the fuels that 

3 Americans want and need. What I ask of you is that the 

4 biomass diesel RVO be set at no less than 2 billion 

5 gallons in 2016 and 2.3 billion gallons in 2017. 

6 Thank you for your time. 

7 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

8 MR. KEMP: My name is Chad Kemp. I'm representing 

9 the Ohio Corn and Wheat Growers Association. I'm from 

10 Lewisburg, which is in southwest Ohio, where I proudly 

11 farm corn, soybeans, and wheat with my wife, my 

12 parents, my children. 

13 My wife and I also have two children at the ages 

14 of 1 and 3 who enjoy being outside and spending time 

15 with Daddy on the farm. We hope they will have the 

16 opportunity to farm with us as they grow into adults, 

17 eventually taking over our roles on the farm. 

18 I am here today to offer my displeasure with the 

19 proposal of the renewable volume obligations numbers in 

20 the renewable fuel standards for '14, '15, and '16. 

21 While I appreciate the concerns over the E10 blend 

22 wall, let's not forget the day that the Energy 

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1 Independence and Security Act of 2007 was passed. 

2 We all knew that we would need renewable fuel 

3 blends much higher than 10 percent to reach the goal of 

4 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel by 2022. This 

5 arbitrary decision to lower the RVO numbers 

6 incentivizes the obligated parties to continue to use 

7 the E10 blend wall as a red herring and drag their feet 

8 on building infrastructure to expand the availability 

9 of cleaner, more domestic renewable fuels. 

10 As a farmer, outdoorsman, and environmentalist, I 

11 treasure rural America. I cannot begin to tell you how 

12 much the RFS has benefitted my community, and I am hard 

13 pressed to think of another policy in my lifetime that 

14 has had a more positive effect on rural America. 

15 As a full-time farmer with other commitments and 

16 responsibilities to my community, along with my wife, 

17 who is a kindergarten teacher, I've seen firsthand the 

18 positive effects that the RFS has had on rural America. 

19 The RFS has certainly helped bring about a new corn 

20 market for my corn and, as a result, has increased the 

21 value of America's farm land. 

22 While I'm not here to advocate for higher taxes, 
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1 we have seen significant increases in taxes from 

2 farmers like me, which directly benefit my local 

3 schools and my community. By not increasing the RFS, a 

4 potentially real unintended consequence will be 

5 devaluation of farm land throughout America, shrinking 

6 an already overstressed rural tax base and taking 

7 resources away from my school, my local government, and 

8 my community. 

9 The RFS has been a tremendous success and 

10 continues to reach many of the goals it set out to 

11 achieve. The more renewable fuels we use, the more we 

12 reduce greenhouse gas emissions, decrease our reliance 

13 on foreign energy sources, lower gasoline prices for 

14 consumers, thus keeping billions of dollars here in our 

15 economy, stabilize the tax base in rural America, and 

16 continue to keep the door open for new innovations for 

17 other renewable fuels. 

18 At the end of the day, this decision will penalize 

19 the American consumer. Let's not take a knee-jerk 

20 reaction to issues that we can overcome. We farmers 

21 continue to step up and answer all the calls for the 

22 demands of our products. 

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1 We will produce a corn crop this year that even 

2 after all the needs have been met for food, livestock 

3 feed, ethanol, and exports, we will have enough corn 

4 left over to fill the Empire State Building 66 times. 

5 It is food and fuel, not food versus fuel. 

6 I am proud of my small role in helping America and 

7 providing for our energy needs. Let's not scale back 

8 on a resoundingly successful program in the RFS. 

9 Thank you for your time and consideration and 

10 giving me the opportunity to share some thoughts with 

11 you. 

12 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

13 MR. BUSH: Hello. My name is Anthony Bush. I'm 

14 here representing the Ohio Corn and Wheat Growers as 

15 well. 

16 I'm also a grain farmer from Mount Gilead, Ohio, 

17 where I farm 1,400 acres of corn, soybeans, and wheat 

18 along with my wife, Teresa, who works off the farm; my 

19 daughter, Amanda, who is 19 and a junior at The Ohio 

20 State University majoring in ag communications; as well 

21 as my son Darren, who is a junior at Mount Gilead High 

22 School with aspirations of some day returning to the 

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1 family farm. 

2 I will make just a few points here in my time 

3 today. Number one, this is kind of how I see this 

4 here. When the RFS was signed into law, the Federal 

5 Government in effect entered into a contract with the 

6 American farmer. They asked us to produce enough corn 

7 to meet a growing demand for renewable fuel to help us 

8 reduce our dependence on foreign oil from countries 

9 that hate us. 

10 The American farmer rose to this challenge and 

11 held up our end of the deal. By moving forward with 

12 this RVO proposal, the Federal Government has pulled 

13 the rug out and not held up their end. 

14 Every farmer I know has invested heavily to meet 

15 this demand. Farmers have added grain storage, bigger, 

16 newer, faster, higher-tech equipment, more semis, built 

17 more machine shops to maintain their investments. All 

18 this translates into jobs. The agriculture industry 

19 has never been stronger with help from the RFS. 

20 I strongly believe without a shadow of a doubt 

21 that nothing Washington, in all of its infinite wisdom, 

22 has ever done has brought more of the next generation 

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1 back to the farm more than the RFS. People already do 

2 not like the words "factory farm" or "corporate farm," 

3 but if you proceed with this RVO proposal, you could 

4 very well be spelling the end of the family farm. 

5 Thank you. 

6 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

7 MR. BOWER: Good afternoon. My name is Jed Bower. 

8 I am also here representing Ohio Corn and Wheat 

9 Growers. 

10 I am a grain farmer from Washington Court House in 

11 central Ohio. We farm 1,000 acres of corn and soybeans 

12 with my wife and kids. 

13 Two of the things I dislike are being away from my 

14 family and being away from my farm. I am here before 

15 you today, away from my farm and away from my wife and 

16 kids, and that is how important the RFS is to me and 

17 all the corn producers in this country. 

18 We had an extreme drought in 2012, and it drove 

19 the price of corn through the roof and had many 

20 livestock farmers screaming mad and blaming the high 

21 input cost on ethanol. However, this anger was 

22 misplaced. The drought drove up the corn prices, not 
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1 ethanol. 

2 Since then, we have seen a bumper crop of grain, 

3 and the price of corn has dropped from what it was in 

4 2012 to between $3.50 and $4 a bushel locally today, 

5 much lower than what it costs to produce. These prices 

6 are declining even with the RFS and ethanol industry in 

7 place, highlighting once again that there are so many 

8 other factors contributing to the corn price. 

9 We in the agriculture industry need access to all 

10 the markets for our products that we can get, and not 

11 increasing the RFS just opens the door to a massive 

12 oversupply of the corn, artificially cheapening it, and 

13 that will hurt us all. I strongly feel that changing 

14 the renewable fuel standard will create an atmosphere 

15 allowing for an oversupply of milk, beef, poultry, and 

16 pork and once again make it hard to make a decent 

17 living in agriculture. 

18 I have an ethanol plant within 13.5 miles of my 

19 farm. It allows me a great market for my corn. And 

20 without that market, I would have to haul my product 

21 farther and take less money for it. 

22 Unfortunately for agriculture, the world has seen 

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1 a great division within our community between the grain 

2 farmers and livestock producers on the importance of 

3 the RFS and the ethanol industry. For the agriculture 

4 industry to be strong, all of the agriculture must be 

5 strong, and I'm certain nothing is stronger than 

6 American agriculture. 

7 The RFS will be helping make agriculture stronger 

8 than we are now just starting to see the benefits. We 

9 should be continuing to increase the standard, raising 

10 the ceiling, increasing the market, and strengthening 

11 American agriculture. 

12 Thank you for your time and your consideration. 

13 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you for your 

14 testimony. 

15 Will Panel 26 report to the front, and then Panel 

16 28, if you would report to the on deck area, please? 

17 MR. HENGST: And so, for Panel 28, if you can go 

18 to the staging area? Perry Bacon, Rock Ormiston, Tom 

19 Willis, Jeff Briggs, Sasha Forsen, and Brian Engel, 

20 please. 

21 (Pause.) 

22 MR. TAPP: Okay, great. Bob, would you like to 

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1 begin? 

2 MR. BOWMAN: Sure would. Good afternoon, and 

3 thank you for hearing us today. My name is Bob Bowman. 

4 I'm a farmer involved in several commodities in 

5 production agriculture in extreme eastern Iowa along 

6 the Mississippi River. 

7 My farm is a family farm currently involving my 

8 son and myself. Previously, parts of it have been 

9 passed on from generation to generation. We are 

10 continually improving our business, increasing our 

11 production, as well as efficiency, becoming more 

12 sustainable using more technology, less fuel, less 

13 fertilizer, less pesticides per unit of production. 

14 I have contributed and worked for many years in 

15 the corn industry as a volunteer on the State, local, 

16 and national level. I go way back to when back in the 

17 early '80s and before when we were doing pump 

18 promotions for a product called gasohol. 

19 We've promoted corn and its many uses, including 

20 sweeteners, animal feed, industrial uses, and corn21 based ethanol. We developed these uses for corn 

22 because corn has continually been plentiful in supply, 

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1 low in price, and exceeding the demand that we have 

2 here domestically and worldwide. 

3 Many years in the past in my farming career, I've 

4 had to use Government programs to survive and sometimes 

5 exclusively for my profit. Corn-based ethanol has 

6 given us another marketing opportunity, as well as 

7 helping my community, my State, and my nation 

8 financially and in the areas of cleaner air, more jobs, 

9 and cheaper fuels. 

10 Renewable corn-based ethanol has helped me on my 

11 farm be a more viable producer, allowing me to invest 

12 in those technologies and improve my efficiencies and, 

13 like I said, becoming more sustainable in utilizing the 

14 resources that we have at hand -- the sun, the land, 

15 the water, and labor. 

16 Even though I do not have an ethanol plant close 

17 by me -- we have river outlets. That's been a lot of 

18 our market, and the wet milling industry has been my 

19 market. Corn ethanol has benefited all of us 

20 producers, even if we don't have a plant close by. 

21 It's also benefited our consumers. Maintaining 

22 the levels of production allowed by the RFS I believe 
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1 is critical. We need to be allowed to produce those 

2 levels of production not only for our current corn 

3 ethanol business, but also for the future. I believe 

4 that advanced biofuels will not be developed or be 

5 totally successful if the path laid out by the RFS is 

6 not followed. 

7 I thank you again for your time you have devoted 

8 today in hearing our message. Corn-based ethanol is 

9 important, and the RFS is vital to me, my community, 

10 our State, and the nation for many reasons. 

11 Thank you. 

12 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

13 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

14 MR. CHRISP: My name is Lynn Chrisp, and I'm here 

15 representing our farm and other small farms across the 

16 country. 

17 Thank you for this opportunity to comment in 

18 person on the renewable volume obligation numbers, as 

19 proposed by the EPA. 

20 It is with regret that I'm the one here today 

21 relaying a message of consequences to the EPA's action 

22 on this matter. I would have much preferred that my 

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1 son, a fifth-generation family farmer be sitting here 

2 sharing the positives of a good decision and what that 

3 means to his future in agriculture and his 

4 contributions to the environment. 

5 Unfortunately, that cannot happen because Brandon 

6 and Jessi made the decision to leave the farm in March. 

7 This decision ended four generations of heritage 

8 started shortly after the Civil War. 

9 In 3 years of mastering areas of expertise that 

10 successful farmers need, the stark fact was obvious to 

11 Brandon that the two most difficult threats that needed 

12 risk management were weather and the markets. In the 

13 case of weather, the risk is partially offset by making 

14 a choice for Federal crop insurance. Extreme weather 

15 happens. 

16 In my 40-year career, there's only been a handful 

17 of extremely good price opportunities where crop supply 

18 was unusually tight due to a weather event, mainly 

19 drought. In the case of market opportunity, it is all 

20 about the demand for the crop, a crop which 

21 unfortunately is most of the time in abundant supply. 

22 The biggest positive game changer for rural 

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1 America in my career has been the demand created by 

2 ethanol through the renewable fuel standard. It has 

3 given farmers the opportunity to provide renewable crop 

4 where two-thirds of what is processed goes into the 

5 fuel supply as a positive component and our environment 

6 and the balance is used for feed and livestock. 

7 I have spoken about the risk management and how 

8 good it is to have the ability to purchase crop 

9 insurance to address weather threats. Unfortunately, 

10 farmers cannot buy insurance against the threat of a 

11 decision by EPA and its impact on the market. 

12 As Brandon and I saw it, the situation arising 

13 from this decision was our second-biggest threat now 

14 and going into the future. For this reason, I'm asking 

15 that the EPA restore the RVO numbers as committed to in 

16 the 2007 renewable fuel standard. We don't need this 

17 kind of pressure on our next generation. 

18 The damage on our farm cannot be undone, but a 

19 better future still remains possible if there is a 

20 return to the RFS, as passed by Congress. 

21 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you. 

22 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

Page 241

1 MR. GUTZ: Hi. My name is Jeff Gutz. I'm with 

2 Husker Ag from Plainview, Nebraska. 

3 RFS obligations can be met if the desire to do so 

4 is there. The RFS is worth it to carry on. 

5 I'm an ethanol producer. My dad has a small farm 

6 in Nebraska. I'm a flex-fuel vehicle owner. We have 

7 the ability to produce it. Give us the ability to use 

8 it. 

9 Ethanol demand is there, and with 17 million 

10 vehicles on the road, flex-fuel vehicles on the road 

11 designed to run on higher blends, the potential to use 

12 nearly 10 billion gallons of ethanol is there also. 

13 Retail infrastructure takes time to develop, but more 

14 and more E15, E30, and E85 is becoming available for 

15 sale to consumers every day as incentives to install 

16 this infrastructure takes place. And our very own 

17 ethanol plant is helping with that. 

18 Husker Ag is helping build that infrastructure by 

19 providing incentives with about a dozen local retail 

20 blender stations by the end of this year. We are 

21 talking about a high-octane, high-quality, clean fuel 

22 that is a bargain for the consumer. Saving an average 
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1 of $1 per gallon of fuel, it's estimated that ethanol 

2 saves motorists more than $100 billion at the pump 

3 annually. 

4 With value and savings, demand for higher blends 

5 of ethanol is sure to climb if the oil lobby doesn't 

6 influence the EPA by trying to diminish the value of 

7 the RFS. The renewable fuel sector generates $184.5 

8 billion in annual output, supports 852,000 jobs, and 

9 $14.5 billion in taxes. 

10 According to USDA, the value of agriculture 

11 products has increased nearly $100 billion in the U.S. 

12 since the RFS2 was enacted in 2007. Fuels America 

13 estimates that the RFS has saved about $10 billion per 

14 year by reducing the need for farm program payments. 

15 The RFS is working to retain young people in rural 

16 communities by helping create jobs and a tax base right 

17 here in the heart of America. 

18 The renewable fuels industry isn't looking for 

19 handouts. We voluntarily gave up our tax credit in 

20 2011 and are simply asking for market access and the 

21 opportunity to compete. Renewable fuels are the only 

22 sustainable option, and for that to happen, there has 

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1 to be an incentive for the oil company-owned blenders 

2 to blend renewable fuel. 

3 Reduced market share is not an incentive. So 

4 that's where the Government steps in and makes blending 

5 a requirement to enhance the fair market. This has 

6 been working until the oil companies lobby for more 

7 market share. 

8 So are we going to give up on what's working, or 

9 are we going to stay strong, moving against the 

10 monopoly current and strengthen our energy supply, 

11 strengthen our American economy, and allow a fresh, 

12 clean energy industry to grow? 

13 Thank you. 

14 MR. TAPP: Thank you. Any questions? 

15 (No response.) 

16 MR. TAPP: Thank you for your testimony. 

17 Panel 28, if you would please report to the front, 

18 and Panel 30, if you would report to the staging area? 

19 MR. HENGST: And for Panel 30, as we do the 

20 switchover, Amber Smith, Austin Ludowese -- pardon me 

21 if I mispronounced that -- Barb Rogers, Bonnie Murphy, 

22 Brook Obr, Michael Gorton, and Carl Sitzmann. 

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1 MR. TAPP: Thank you. Okay, Panel 28, would you 

2 like to begin? 

3 MR. BACON: Good afternoon, and thank you for the 

4 opportunity to speak. My name is Perry Bacon, and I'm 

5 not a farmer, and I'm not employed by any ethanol 

6 company. I'm a private investor and in that capacity 

7 sit on the board of Conestoga Energy Partners. 

8 Our private investment group has two primary 

9 focuses, that the enterprise in which we invest has the 

10 opportunity to create significant economic value for 

11 its investors and, secondly, that it has a positive 

12 impact, not a degrading impact on the environment. 

13 Some of the metrics that we look at include that 

14 the ethanol industry has created and supports nearly 

15 400,000 jobs; that ethanol reduces gas prices by 78 

16 cents a gallon, which is a consumer savings of over 

17 $100 billion; that the ethanol industry contributes in 

18 excess of $44 billion to the nation's taxable income; 

19 creates a steady market for corn and other grain. It 

20 helps reduce Federal farm program costs. 

21 In an environment like 2013 and '14 when the 

22 ethanol industry produces over 13 billion gallons, 

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1 greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 38 million 

2 metric tons. That's the equivalent of removing roughly 

3 8 million automobiles from the road. And finally, 

4 grain ethanol decreases greenhouse gas emissions by up 

5 to 57 percent. 

6 So what seems clear is that the ethanol industry 

7 creates substantial benefit to its employees, to the 

8 communities in which it operates, and to its 

9 shareholders and investors. And furthermore, by 

10 reducing significantly greenhouse gas emissions, it 

11 contributes to the improvement of the environment. 

12 What seems less clear is why the EPA would want 

13 anything but more of the same. Thank you. 

14 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you. 

15 MR. ORMISTON: Thank you for the opportunity to 

16 address. 

17 My name is Rock Ormiston, and I'm from southwest 

18 Kansas, where I'm involved in a large, integrated 

19 family farm, which produces mostly irrigated corn and 

20 soybeans. I am also on the board of Conestoga from the 

21 beginning, which owns two ethanol plants locally, 

22 producing over 165 million gallons per year and at an 
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1 investment cost of roughly $300 million, a little over, 

2 most of which came locally from producers like myself. 

3 This company currently employs over 160, and 

4 indirectly, who knows? Countless. When the RFS was 

5 formed 8 years ago in 2007 by a bipartisan Congress, 

6 supported by the President, our local community 

7 embraced the concept and joined many others and 

8 capitalized these plants almost overnight. The 

9 enthusiasm was incredible. 

10 And we went on to be successful in producing 

11 renewable fuels. We are, as well as many of my 

12 neighbors, have ramped up our own infrastructure and 

13 farm. Myself, I've put in a $2.5 million grain 

14 facility because I could deliver to an end-user. 

15 All of this capital and sweat labor is now at risk 

16 when the EPA backed away from the commitment to grow 

17 this industry. Our industry and the American farmer 

18 answered that call and produced the volumes demanded by 

19 the ambitious RFS, only to have it -- the EPA pull the 

20 carpet out from underneath us. 

21 Please reinstate the standards that our industry 

22 was built on and interested -- intended to be. We have 

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1 a big investment, and we want to keep this thing 

2 rolling. 

3 Thank you. 

4 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you. 

5 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

6 MR. WILLIS: My name is Tom Willis. I'm the CEO 

7 of Conestoga Energy Partners Holding. We have three 

8 renewable energy plants that produce about 230 million 

9 gallons of renewable fuel a year. 

10 In addition to that, around 2 million tons of a 

11 high-protein and energy feed that is consumed locally 

12 by our feedyards, cattle, swine. Represents, as my 

13 partner Rock said, about $320 million of investment, 

14 that risk capital. 

15 We were the first ethanol plant to sequester CO2 

16 into the ground and, when combined with our use of 

17 water-efficient grain sorghum, gives our carbon 

18 footprint one of the lowest in the country. 

19 I'm here today, obviously, to say please keep the 

20 original RFS2 RVO standards and blending obligations. 

21 It's been one of the most successful programs, 

22 Government programs in the last 20 years. I've seen 

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1 it, what it's done to rural America by -- I farm as 

2 well. And proven by the reduction in direct payments 

3 to producers, it has vitalized rural America. 

4 We've added over 200 direct jobs, 300 indirect 

5 jobs in our area. And really, more importantly, it's 

6 allowed many of our young families to move back to our 

7 community who would not have been there. 

8 It produces a cleaner, environmentally friendly 

9 fuel. It saves consumers money at the pump, and in 

10 short, the program works. 

11 It decreases our dependence on foreign oil. 

12 Realizing that oil is a little cheaper today than it 

13 has been, we still import oil. As a father, excuse me, 

14 of a son who lost seven men in combat with weapons that 

15 were purchased with dollars that came from the United 

16 States for oil, I don't know of anybody that's been 

17 killed raising ethanol, or producing ethanol. 

18 Purpose of the blending credit that expired 2011 

19 was to help the obligated parties offset the cost of 

20 infrastructure. They knew this day was coming. They 

21 didn't use the money wisely. The blending wall was 

22 self-induced and meant to keep the consumer from having 

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1 a choice of fuel at the pump. 

2 E15 is the most widely tested fuel we've ever had, 

3 and it's been proven safe. And all we're asking is 

4 that Congress keep its word, allow the program to work, 

5 and sunset at its conclusion. 

6 We're ready to invest an additional $100 million 

7 into next-generation fuels, but there is absolutely no 

8 way I can go to my fellow investors and put that money 

9 at risk when we don't know what's going to happen from 

10 year to year. We've had two D5 proposed pathways 

11 submitted to EPA for 4 years, and we've had very little 

12 feedback on how they're progressing. 

13 So, again, in closing, I'd ask that you restore 

14 the 2016 and forward RVO blending requirements back to 

15 the original RFS law because it's working. 

16 Thank you. 

17 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

18 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

19 MR. BRIGGS: Good afternoon, and thank you for the 

20 opportunity to be here today. I am Jeff Briggs, chief 

21 operating officer for Green Plains, Incorporated. 

22 Green Plains began with our first 50 million 
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1 gallon ethanol plant that commenced production in 

2 August of 2007 in Shenandoah, Iowa. Since then, we 

3 have grown to 12 ethanol plants producing in 6 States, 

4 with over 850 employees. In addition, we have become 

5 the third-largest consolidated owner of ethanol 

6 production assets in North America, with over 1 billion 

7 gallons of production capacity. 

8 We process 10 million tons of corn, which is 2 

9 times more corn than China imports from the USA. We 

10 produce 3 million tons of livestock feed and 250 

11 million pounds of corn oil for feed and biodiesel 

12 markets. Finally, we generate over $3 billion in 

13 revenues and have been profitable for the last 6 years. 

14 A growing and predictable biofuels market has been 

15 a driver in enhancing our ethanol assets and has 

16 allowed us to make investments in other technologies 

17 and businesses, such as growing and harvesting algae 

18 and cattle feedyards. We continue to invest in our 

19 plants to make them run more efficient, using less to 

20 get more, technology such as selecting milling 

21 technology that improves the amount of ethanol we can 

22 produce out of each bushel of corn, as well as corn oil 

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1 extraction technology that creates another product and 

2 income stream for us. 

3 The RFS should be used as the vehicle for higher 

4 ethanol blends in the United States. It has been the 

5 most successful energy legislation in this country's 

6 history and has reduced our dependence on foreign oil, 

7 cleaned the air we breathe, created jobs across rural 

8 America, and created a strong secondary market for 

9 farmers to sell their corn. More ethanol into the fuel 

10 supply is a positive for not just the Midwest, but for 

11 the United States. 

12 As an industry, we have successfully introduced 

13 higher blends into the marketplace, proving that there 

14 is no blend wall. E15 is growing in availability to 

15 drivers on the road today, and more and more 

16 manufacturers are certifying E15 for use in their new 

17 models. 

18 Many retailers like Kum & Go, Mapco, and Sheetz, 

19 Cenex, Murphy, and Minnoco have committed to providing 

20 their consumers with the opportunity to choose which 

21 blended fuel works best for them. Moving to E15 means 

22 more jobs here at home, more octane in your gas tank, 

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1 and an even cleaner-burning fuel and, more importantly, 

2 giving consumers the right to choose. 

3 I would ask how does a country like Brazil, where 

4 they drive the same Ford, Chevys, and Toyotas that we 

5 do here, blend 27 percent ethanol in their motor fuel 

6 and have for over a decade, while the U.S. cannot get 

7 past 10 percent? The answer? It's big oil's death 

8 grip on the U.S. consumer. 

9 Don't undermine our ability to invest in domestic 

10 fuel alternatives that are a catalyst to our economy. 

11 Don't deprive consumers of choices at the pump by 

12 ceding market share to big oil. 

13 The real mandate in this country is the 90 percent 

14 mandate that the petroleum fuel market has in the U.S. 

15 that the oil industry has in place and will stop at 

16 nothing to protect. Efforts to replace fossil fuels 

17 with domestic renewable fuels will continue to benefit 

18 the economy, environment, and public health. 

19 At Green Plains, we want to continue to invest in 

20 jobs, technology, and value-added processing of 

21 cleaner-burning renewable fuels. It's important to use 

22 those fuels domestically as intended by the 2007 RFS 

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1 and important to allocate capital in a market that is 

2 growth-oriented and predictable. 

3 We stand ready to make additional investments in 

4 biofuel production and technology. We stand ready to 

5 support biofuel infrastructure growth through market 

6 development partnerships with private and public 

7 partners who support the fuel choices among consumers. 

8 Those choices are readily available if the RFS is 

9 maintained. 

10 On behalf of Green Plains and myself, I want to 

11 thank you again for the opportunity to express support 

12 for the RFS. 

13 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

14 MS. FORSEN: Good afternoon, and thank you for the 

15 opportunity to express my support today for the 

16 renewable fuel standard. 

17 My name is Sasha Forsen, and I am the public 

18 relations manager for Green Plains, Inc., a 1 billion 

19 gallon ethanol producer headquartered in Omaha, 

20 Nebraska. 

21 I have deep roots in agriculture in the Midwest. 

22 I am the proud daughter of a farmer who farms with his 
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1 father, my grandfather. And I have two younger 

2 brothers, one who bought a home near the family farm in 

3 Herman, Nebraska, so he's not too far from work on the 

4 family farm every day. And I have another little 

5 brother who just graduated from high school, not 

6 starting college until January because he just could 

7 not miss harvest this year. 

8 So as it is with farming, this is more than just a 

9 job to my family. It's a way of life. 

10 I'm honored that my work at Green Plains has an 

11 impact on not only the livelihood of my family, but 

12 also for the many hard-working men and women who remain 

13 committed to their farms and jobs despite the 

14 uncertainty that goes with planting a seed in the 

15 ground and hoping the weather turns out just right. 

16 It was only a few short years ago many of our 

17 crops were underwater due to flooding, then a drought 

18 the following year. These are not predictable 

19 circumstances, but we plant seeds in the ground anyway. 

20 There are some things that can be certain, though, 

21 and since 2007 it's been the RFS2. But now, to the 

22 disappointment of farmers and ethanol producers 

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1 everywhere, we are finding ourselves with unnecessary 

2 uncertainty due to the proposal to reduce the RVO and 

3 the renewable fuel standard, something that today 

4 should have remained constant in an environment of 

5 absolute uncertainties. 

6 The RFS has been a win for farmers, including 

7 those who feed their cattle distillers grains like our 

8 feedlot here in Kansas. It's been a win for the 

9 additional jobs it's helped to create, for our national 

10 security, and for the consumers who now have something 

11 other than E0 to use at the pump. 

12 It's really not surprising that big oil has fought 

13 so hard to limit access to the consumer, but it's not 

14 because their product is good for the air we breathe. 

15 It's not because their product strengthens economies in 

16 rural America right here in the heartland, and it's not 

17 because their product is renewable. It's because that 

18 they've seen a real industry with a product that has 

19 become the definition of our fuel today, and they don't 

20 want to give up any more real estate on the fuel tank. 

21 And that's the unfortunate reason we are here today. 

22 People like my dad, my grandpa, and my brothers 

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1 are our customers. Our friends and some of our 

2 employees are even farmers themselves. My colleagues 

3 at our headquarters and at the plants are hard-working 

4 people who are proud to go to work every day for a 

5 company who prides itself on safety and operational 

6 excellence. 

7 A career at Green Plains has been rewarding for us 

8 all, and many of us have seen our company and this 

9 industry grow into something that is here to stay. We 

10 are producing a product that benefits consumers 

11 everywhere. So please don't limit my access as a 

12 consumer and a producer because big oil wants a 

13 monopoly on U.S. drivers. 

14 As a driver, I want access to E15 and higher 

15 blends, and I think that retailers -- and I thank the 

16 retailers so far who have committed to bringing more 

17 choice at the pump. As an employee of this great 

18 industry, I want to see companies who continue to 

19 invest in the future of fuel. And as the daughter of a 

20 farmer, I want farmers to have the opportunity to 

21 continue to create additional demand for their product 

22 and not have the uncertainty of the RFS, something that 

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1 in no question should be fully in place today and that 

2 so many of us have counted on. 

3 Thank you for the opportunity to be here today on 

4 behalf of my hard-working family and my friends and 

5 colleagues at Green Plains. 

6 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

7 MR. ENGEL: Good afternoon, and thank you for this 

8 opportunity to testify. 

9 My name is Brian Engel, and I'm the general 

10 manager of vegetable oil trading for Green Plains at 

11 its headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska. 

12 I have over 25 years of experience in agriculture 

13 commodity marketing, trading, and processing, and I've 

14 made career marketing and investment decisions based on 

15 the very first passage of the renewable fuel standards. 

16 Needless to say, those decisions have not been easy to 

17 make with the constant delays, changes, and lack of 

18 clarity through the EPA's proposals to change the law 

19 from what Congress had established. 

20 In 2000, I started a company that launched the 

21 first biodiesel plant in the State of Indiana in 2005. 

22 The plant was located in Hammond, which is the 
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1 furthest northwest corner of the State near Chicago and 

2 was also located adjacent to a large petroleum 

3 refinery. 

4 The investment created jobs in a very high 

5 unemployment and economically depressed area. 

6 Unfortunately, with the uncertainties around RFS, the 

7 facility has closed, and the employees were laid off. 

8 I bring this up because within Green Plains, I am 

9 responsible for the group that markets and trades corn 

10 oil extracted from the ethanol process. Along with 

11 corn oil, my group also trades other fats and oils, 

12 both domestically and internationally. 

13 In 2007, I developed markets for some of the first 

14 production of corn oil recovered from the ethanol 

15 process. Thus, as a group, we can closely relate to 

16 what our corn oil biodiesel customers have been going 

17 through year after year. 

18 Within Green Plains, we continually develop 

19 markets for corn oil, as well as other fats and oils 

20 across fuel, feed, food, and industrial applications. 

21 Thus, I wanted to relay my thoughts on the impact of 

22 the proposed RFS RVO from the perspective of a supplier 

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1 to each of these industries. 

2 As a feedstock for biodiesel fuel, corn oil has 

3 been one of the key supplies that has helped generate 

4 investments in new biodiesel processing technologies, 

5 driving efficiencies and capacity in the industry. One 

6 of the key aspects of the proposed RVO is not only the 

7 volumes themselves, but the fact that the volumes for 

8 biodiesel be set through 2017. 

9 Having a firm volume established at least 2 years 

10 out is very helpful for our corn oil biodiesel 

11 customers. This gives our customers the ability to 

12 make better forecasts and thus make longer-term 

13 investments, in return giving the fuel industry a 

14 constant biodiesel supply. 

15 In addition to the consistent supplies, California 

16 recognizes a very low-carbon index value for corn oil, 

17 thus generating a good alternative to meet their carbon 

18 reduction targets. We expect other west coast States 

19 will follow California's lead. 

20 One of the major concerns for our biodiesel 

21 customers is the 70 to 75 cents per gallon export 

22 incentive that Argentina has for biodiesel relative to 

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1 their soybean oil. We are starting to see the very 

2 negative impact to our customers caused from Argentine 

3 biodiesel vessels arriving at United States ports. 

4 Another ongoing concern for our biodiesel 

5 customers has been the very slow response from EPA 

6 regarding requests for clarifications and guidance on 

7 many issues. Some requests for what would appear to be 

8 straightforward points of clarification have taken up 

9 to 1 year to receive guidance on, and many times the 

10 guidance generates more questions for clarification. 

11 In regard to our feed customers, the meat industry 

12 is starting to recognize the benefits and customer 

13 preferences for meat produced from all-natural or all14 vegetable based diets. Corn oil from the ethanol 

15 industry has been a good go-to replacement for animal 

16 fats in feed rations. 

17 Without a viable biodiesel market, the animal fats 

18 produced in the meat industry would struggle to find a 

19 ready market. In regard to food customers, corn oil 

20 from the ethanol industry is competitively priced into 

21 the biodiesel and feed market, thus replacing soybean 

22 oil as a feedstock and making it available for the food 

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1 market. 

2 In regard to our industrial customers, corn oil 

3 gives them more pricing certainty for the products they 

4 produce. Corn oil is priced and traded out 12 months 

5 or longer in comparison to animal fats, which price 30 

6 to 45 days out. 

7 As I have quickly outlined, it is easy to see that 

8 corn oil from the ethanol industry is bringing value to 

9 consumers across fuel, feed, food, and industrial 

10 applications. It also outlines how creative, 

11 resourceful, and flexible we have been in developing 

12 new markets and uses. So why can't they be as 

13 creative, resourceful, and flexible in utilizing the 

14 fuels we produce? 

15 On behalf of myself and Green Plains, I would like 

16 to thank you for taking the testimony and for your 

17 attention this afternoon. 

18 MR. TAPP: Thank you. Any questions? 

19 (No response.) 

20 MR. TAPP: Okay. Will Panel 30 please move up to 

21 the front and Panel 32 into the staging area? 

22 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And as part of Panel 30, we 
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1 welcome also Senator Jerry Johnson from Nebraska to 

2 please join the Panel 30. 

3 Panel 32, we'd request that you go over to our 

4 staging area. Bill Couser, Dave Sovereign, Jerry 

5 Calease, Chris Tingle, Paul Backman, and Carson Berger. 

6 MR. TAPP: All right. Please proceed. 

7 MR. LUDOWESE: My name is Austin Ludowese. I'm a 

8 22-year-old student at the University of Wisconsin9 Stout and a fourth-generation farmer. I'm opposed to 

10 the EPA's proposed rule for 2014 through '16 RFS 

11 levels, and I encourage EPA to get the program back on 

12 track. 

13 I was born and raised on a family farm in southern 

14 Minnesota and will be returning to that farm following 

15 graduation. In my short 22 years, I've seen dramatic 

16 changes within the rural community. The towns have 

17 gotten smaller, farmers have gotten older, and farming 

18 operations have gotten bigger. 

19 But the development of a strong ethanol industry 

20 in Minnesota has provided new opportunities in rural 

21 communities, and ethanol is one of the main reasons 

22 that farmers in my area have been able to maintain 

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1 profitability. There is no doubt that the RFS has 

2 played a huge role in giving farmers like my dad and 

3 other Minnesotans the confidence they need to invest 

4 their hard-earned money in ethanol plants. 

5 Ethanol and the RFS have provided us with 

6 assurance to invest our time and money into planting 

7 the seeds, caring for them, and harvesting the crop in 

8 the fall. And most importantly, the RFS has provided 

9 an incentive for young farmers like myself to return to 

10 the farm and continue the family legacy that our 

11 parents and grandparents started decades ago. 

12 The average age of a U.S. farmer is 58. That 

13 number continues to climb each and every year, and only 

14 5.7 percent of farmers are between the ages of 18 and 

15 37. Letting the RFS policy move backwards sends a 

16 negative signal to people my age who are considering 

17 careers in ag. 

18 Without a strong RFS and strong ethanol industry, 

19 there is less incentive for young farmers to return to 

20 the farm and continue their family legacy, and it makes 

21 it nearly impossible for anyone that does not have a 

22 family farm to start one up. The RFS was put in place 

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1 to promote innovation, to provide a steadily growing 

2 market for ag commodities, and to provide a cleaner 

3 alternative fuel source for Americans. 

4 Backtracking on this commitment only dampens 

5 innovation. It slows investment, and it discourages my 

6 generation from entering the farm industry that is in 

7 desperate need for young farmers. 

8 It was not long ago that nearly every kid that 

9 grew up in a rural community wanted to be a farmer. 

10 And as times have changed, fewer people have had any 

11 desire to return to the farm because they see the 

12 turbulent time that the farmers face and the 

13 misunderstanding about farming from the general public. 

14 While volatility in farming may be inevitable, the 

15 RFS has dramatically helped smooth out the rough 

16 patches and has allowed farmers to stay afloat. 

17 Ethanol has shown my generation that there is a career 

18 possibility in one of the most important industries in 

19 the world. 

20 In closing, backtracking on the RFS would 

21 undermine what the U.S. ag industry prides itself on, 

22 on being innovative and self-sustaining, producing the 

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1 highest quality products, and protecting small 

2 communities and the environment. I strongly urge the 

3 EPA to reconsider this proposal and evaluate the impact 

4 that your decision will not only have on today's ag and 

5 ethanol industry, but more importantly the younger 

6 generation's desire to enter an industry that is 

7 hurting for youth. 

8 Thank you. 

9 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you. 

10 MR. MANGINE: Thank you for allowing me testify 

11 today. My name is Dave Mangine -- 

12 My name is Dave Mangine. I'm the industrial sales 

13 manager for Hawkins, Incorporated. We're a chemical 

14 distributor that distributes to the ethanol industry 

15 within the five-State region. We employ over 350 

16 employees throughout the Midwest. 

17 I'm here today to express our deep concerns about 

18 the recent proposed rule of the 2014-2016 renewable 

19 volume obligations, RVOs, as part of the renewable fuel 

20 standards. The RFS has provided us a tremendous impact 

21 in the growth of our business. 

22 Over the past decade, the RFS has enabled Hawkins 
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1 to grow by adding infrastructure, sales volume, jobs. 

2 We also had branches, terminals in Iowa, Nebraska, 

3 South Dakota, North Dakota, Illinois, Wisconsin to help 

4 Hawkins service these industries. 

5 The cuts that you are proposing will impact our 

6 business greatly, which, in turn, will also affect the 

7 other businesses that rely on us to help service this 

8 industry. The EPA should not back away from the 

9 commitment made by the bipartisan Congress 8 years ago 

10 and should continue to move the program forward as the 

11 Congress and President intended in 2007. 

12 Thank you. 

13 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

14 MR. SITZMANN: Good afternoon. I want to thank 

15 the EPA for allowing me to present testimony at the 

16 hearing today. My name is Carl Sitzmann. I am the CEO 

17 of E Energy Adams. I got moved on the docket there. 

18 So -- 

19 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Thank you for letting us know. 

20 MR. SITZMANN: Yes. I'm the CEO of E Energy 

21 Adams, an ethanol-producing facility located just 

22 outside Adams, Nebraska, a town of approximately 450 

Page 267

1 people. 

2 We have 48 employees, and our operation supports 

3 at least twice that number in indirect jobs. We have 

4 830 shareholders, many of whom are either farmers or 

5 ag-related individuals or entities. 

6 The village of Adams and the surrounding community 

7 is dependent on us for their prosperity. Over the past 

8 7 years, we have supported our local community through 

9 property taxes and sales and use taxes totaling $10.3 

10 million. 

11 We have over 500 farmers supplying us with corn at 

12 elevated prices relative to historical levels, thus 

13 reducing subsidies. We supply high-protein distillers 

14 grains to more than 1,000 livestock feeders in our 

15 area. We produce distillers oil, which is sold to 

16 livestock feeders or biodiesel producers for renewable 

17 fuels. 

18 And finally, we provide to the national market 

19 over 65 million gallons of environmentally friendly 

20 ethanol each year. In summary, we are integral part of 

21 the community in which we thrive and continue to grow, 

22 and our growth decisions are dependent on and impacted 

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1 by the decisions that the EPA is making right now 

2 relative to the renewable fuel standard. 

3 A few months ago, we made a decision to become 

4 only the second ethanol company in the United States to 

5 install a new technology known as fiber separation 

6 technology. It's a $30 million investment, which will 

7 increase our capacity to 80 million gallons per year. 

8 But more importantly, it creates a platform that will 

9 allow us to take the separated fiber and convert it to 

10 cellulosic ethanol in the future. 

11 These financial decisions we've made are part of a 

12 long-term strategic plan and are based in no small part 

13 on the existence and proper execution of the RFS. When 

14 we ponder major strategic business decisions, we often 

15 look back to our roots and our mission statement to 

16 make sure we are holding true to them. This is what 

17 I'm asking you to do today. 

18 The EPA was created in 1970 for the purpose of 

19 permitting coordinated and effective Government action 

20 on behalf of the environment. The EPA is an agency of 

21 the executive branch of our Government and as such is 

22 responsible for enacting and enforcing the laws that 

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1 our legislative branch have created. 

2 And so, I ask you to continue to enforce the 

3 Energy Independence and Security Act, as it was passed 

4 and as it was intended by Congress back in 2007; 

5 protect the environment, as is your charter; and 

6 finally, with all due respect, do your job and maintain 

7 the original RVO levels of the RFS. 

8 Thank you. 

9 MR. TAPP: Thank you. Senator Johnson? 

10 MR. JOHNSON: Thank you, and thank you for coming 

11 here to the Midwest to the heart of the ethanol 

12 industry. 

13 My name is Jerry Johnson. I'm one of 49 State 

14 senators in the Nebraska Unicameral. I am chairman of 

15 the Ag Committee and also serve on the Natural Resource 

16 Committee. 

17 My business background was serving 42 years in the 

18 cooperative system as a business specialist turning 

19 companies around. My career included six local 

20 cooperatives. 

21 With that background, I have seen firsthand the 

22 development of the ethanol industry, at least in 
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1 Nebraska, with the first gasohol pumped in 1964 in 

2 pumps that were located in the co-op where I was 

3 employed. At the last cooperative that I managed, we 

4 were one of the first stations to put in E85 pumps in 

5 2003. 

6 Nebraska ranks second in ethanol production. 

7 Nebraska's value of ethanol and distillers grain has 

8 averaged about $5 billion over the past 3 years. The 

9 production produces a value that averages 60 percent of 

10 the total value of corn that's produced in Nebraska and 

11 57 percent of the value compared to cattle sales. 

12 This is done through 27 plants in the State, 2.077 

13 billion gallons of ethanol, and employs over 1,300 

14 people in rural Nebraska. 

15 Nebraska is one of the largest exporters of 

16 biofuels, with 96 percent of our production exported 

17 into 7 deficit States. We also export in three export 

18 terminals -- Los Angeles, Laredo, and Houston19 Galveston. 

20 The DDG production is utilized to the maximization 

21 inclusion of rations in beef cattle, dairy, poultry, 

22 and hog production in Nebraska. Most of Nebraska's 

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1 DDGs are used in Nebraska. This has been a factor in 

2 making Nebraska the number-one beef producing State in 

3 the United States. 

4 This success is a multiplying factor of the 

5 business climate in Nebraska, impacting over 400 

6 businesses. Employment in rural Nebraska has been 

7 enhanced by that. 

8 What I bring to you today as a senator -- I have 

9 introduced legislation, I have passed legislation in 

10 the State legislature -- a strong appreciation for what 

11 goes into making a law. Once that law is made, it 

12 needs to be implemented and enforced the way it was 

13 intended by the authors of the bill. 

14 I don't believe this is currently happening with 

15 the EPA as it relates to the RFS. I would ask you to 

16 return to the intent of the RFS as originally passed 

17 and return to the volumes originally outlined in the 

18 standards. It's a win for the environment. It's a win 

19 for our economy. 

20 Thank you. 

21 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you. Any questions? 

22 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

Page 272

1 MR. TAPP: Thank you very much. 

2 Okay, will Panel 32 please move forward and Panel 

3 34 move to the staging area? 

4 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Also, one quick announcement. 

5 There is a white Honda that is parked across the street 

6 that is blocking the exit for the buses. So if you own 

7 a white Honda and you don't want to get it pancaked by 

8 a bus, you may want to get over there quickly and move 

9 it. Again, a white Honda across the street. 

10 Panel 34 members -- Mark Beemer, Christopher Veit, 

11 Craig Ammann, Bryan Diediker, John Becker, and Rick 

12 Hansen -- if you could please go to the staging area 

13 over on the right? 

14 MR. TAPP: Please proceed. 

15 MR. BERGER: First of all, I'd like to say thank 

16 you for you guys taking the time to come out here 

17 today. It's probably been long sitting there. 

18 So my name is Carson Berger. I'm the commodities 

19 risk manager of Denco II, which is an ethanol 

20 production facility located in Morris, Minnesota. 

21 We employ 30 people and buy 8 million bushels of 

22 grain per year from over 250 Minnesota farms. We 

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1 process this corn into 25 million gallons per year of 

2 ethanol, 85,000 tons of high-quality distillers grains, 

3 and 300,000 gallons of corn oil per year. The RFS has 

4 been a success for not only our local economy 

5 surrounding Morris, Minnesota, but for our nation as 

6 well. 

7 When the RFS was established in 2005 and expanded 

8 in 2007, rural America responded by building out an 

9 entire industry that supports over 400,000 jobs and 

10 accounts for $53 billion of America's gross domestic 

11 product. Congress made a commitment to America, and 

12 the private industry of rural America responded by 

13 investing billions of dollars into biofuel production. 

14 The industry has continued reinvesting in itself, 

15 perpetually reducing natural gas, electricity, and 

16 water usage, all while increasing ethanol yield per 

17 bushel, as well as adding vital value-added co-products 

18 such as corn oil. This is similar to that of the 

19 American farmer doing more with less. 

20 Congress' commitment also signaled our industry to 

21 make a significant investment in the growth of E85, 

22 E15, and other mid-level blend infrastructure and 
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1 market development. On a local level, our facility, 

2 Denco II, has made investments similar to that of the 

3 rest of the industry. We are currently under a major 

4 renovation in order to reduce our energy and water 

5 consumption at our facility, which will improve the 

6 carbon footprint of our fuel. 

7 Our board of directors is also evaluating two 

8 projects, one of which would increase our energy or our 

9 production by 30 percent, and another would be bolt-on 

10 cellulosic technology. Each time the conversation 

11 comes up when we're evaluating those projects, we need 

12 a strong renewable fuel standard in order to, you know, 

13 move forward with those projects and get the confidence 

14 from our investment group. 

15 We've also invested over $100,000 into blending 

16 equipment in order to offer E85 directly to retailers. 

17 We then devote much time, money, and effort in order 

18 to price that fuel relative to gasoline at a sharp 

19 enough discount in order for consumers to use the fuel. 

20 We've increased our sales volume by 4 to 7 percent or 

21 4 to 7 times that than it was on prior, and we've saved 

22 our local area within 50 miles or more over $2 million. 

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1 Largely, the oil industry has responded to the RFS 

2 in an opposite manner than that of the biofuels 

3 industry. Even though Congress allowed for ample time 

4 to adjust to meeting the statutory requirements, the 

5 oil industry has refused to make investments similar to 

6 that of ourselves. The oil industry has, in fact, 

7 discouraged fuel retailers from offering higher-level 

8 ethanol blends through stringent franchise and supply 

9 agreements. 

10 Unless the EPA enforces the RFS as Congress 

11 originally intended, this behavior will continue. The 

12 EPA simply cannot continue to reward this type of 

13 behavior. 

14 As you move forward in putting together a final 

15 rule, I hope you will consider the fallout the rule 

16 will have on ethanol plant workers, family farms, and 

17 investors who rely on the ethanol production facilities 

18 around the country. 

19 Thank you. 

20 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you, Carson. Next? 

21 MR. SOVEREIGN: I'm Dave Sovereign from Cresco, 

22 Iowa, and thank you for giving me the opportunity to 

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1 present my comments here this morning. 

2 In my home community of Cresco, Iowa, I wear many 

3 hats. Most days I wear the hat of a farmer raising 

4 corn, soybeans, hogs mostly for feed, fuel, and fiber. 

5 Renewable fuels are important to our family farm 

6 operation because they add value, and they also create 

7 a local market for our products. 

8 Some days I wear the hat of a fuel retailer. 

9 After some unsuccessful attempts at convincing three 

10 local existing fuel stations to offer our homegrown 

11 renewable fuels, I partnered with 28 other Cresco 

12 residents, and we built our own unattended biofuel 

13 fueling station. 

14 Our station offers E10 unleaded, as well as higher 

15 levels of ethanol, along with biodiesel blends of B2, 

16 B5, and B10. We opened it to the public in September 

17 of 2012. Since opening, we've observed only positive 

18 economic results for our motorists and for our 

19 community. 

20 This past sales data, for instance, shows that 73 

21 percent of our total gasoline sales volume have 

22 included ethanol blends of the E15, E20, E30, and E85, 

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1 while sales of unleaded and E10 have comprised just 27 

2 percent of our total volume of our sales. When 

3 consumers have a choice, there is no blend wall. 

4 Some days I wear the hat of an ethanol producer. 

5 I serve on the board of directors for two locally owned 

6 biorefineries. These local biorefineries and their 

7 products have brought quality jobs to our rural 

8 communities. 

9 Only time will tell us how many of the children of 

10 these new community members will be making large 

11 contributions to our society in the future. The 

12 renewable fuel industry is a relatively young industry, 

13 yet it is real and an ongoing success story, having 

14 already made significant positive contributions to our 

15 country's security, economy, and providing savings to 

16 consumers. 

17 Every day, I wear the hat of a husband, father, 

18 grandfather, and community member striving to make our 

19 corner of the world a little bit better place to live 

20 and raise a family. Midwestern youth just seem to have 

21 a better perspective and outlook on life and death from 

22 their experiences tending and caring for livestock and 
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1 crops. 

2 Nobel Peace Prize winner Norman Borlaug, who was 

3 recognized and credited with saving over a billion 

4 lives for his work developing wheat varieties, grew up 

5 and received his primary education in my hometown and 

6 community. Five United States Navy admirals can trace 

7 their roots back to Cresco, Iowa, where we call home 

8 and where they received their primary education. 

9 We need strong rural economies and communities 

10 generating strong schools who can provide and enable 

11 our youth with the leadership skills and education. If 

12 we do this, they will be poised and prepared to seize 

13 the opportunity to lead and be successful, much like 

14 the individuals I have mentioned above. 

15 The proposed standards for 2014, '15, and 2016 

16 fall woefully short in the promotion and growth of our 

17 homegrown renewable fuels as a chief source of motor 

18 fuel for automobiles. I'm opposed to these proposed 

19 standards. We need a plan for growth, a plan with 

20 greater inclusion of renewable fuels in our fuel 

21 supply, such as the plan that was originally passed by 

22 Congress in the RFS2. 

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1 Let's not mess with the RFS. It's the law. Let's 

2 not waiver. Let's just enforce it. 

3 And we don't want to be at odds with the EPA as an 

4 industry or as the farmers or community. I believe 

5 that all of our goals are very much in line. So 

6 please, if we can be a resource or if I can be a 

7 resource, feel free to ask me questions or reach out. 

8 We'd be happy to provide you with any additional 

9 information you might need. 

10 Thank you. 

11 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thanks, Dave. Next? 

12 MR. CALEASE: Paul, Joshua, Ben, and the rest of 

13 your staff, I thank you for this opportunity. 

14 My name is Jerry Calease. I am a proud citizen of 

15 the United States of America. I am also a farmer 

16 investor in several ethanol plants in northern Iowa and 

17 Minnesota. Today, I bring to you a farmer's 

18 perspective of the EPA's decision to lower the RVOs of 

19 the RFS2. 

20 As a child from a farm family of 10, I would go 

21 with my father to help measure ASCS Government acres in 

22 Butler County, Iowa. When I asked my dad why we had 

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1 Kennedy acres, his direct answer was because some years 

2 we farmers can produce too much corn. That is also why 

3 we have so many Government loan seal stickers on the 

4 corn cribs we would go to measure as the farmers put 

5 their corn under loan to the farmer-owned reserve. 

6 On my 21st birthday, April 6th of '73, my wife and 

7 I started farming, and our landlord, a retired attorney 

8 who lived through the Depression and the New Deal era, 

9 also advised us to participate in the Government 

10 programs. His viewpoint was the U.S. Government knew 

11 best how to keep the economy growing and that if the 

12 farmers had dollars to spend, it would help everyone. 

13 Well, we have had to learn many acronyms and 

14 programs in the past 42 years, from ARC to LDP to PIK, 

15 plus many more like countercyclical payment, CSP, and 

16 CRP. Each program had a purpose and run for a period 

17 of years. 

18 Today, with over 5 billion bushels of corn making 

19 its first stop at an ethanol plant to be processed into 

20 ethanol, corn oil, and DDGs, I have to wonder just how 

21 big the farmer-owned reserve would be and how low the 

22 price of corn would be without the RFS2. 

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1 As a child, we thought 80 to 100 bushel corn was 

2 great yield. Today, we produce in excess of 200 

3 bushels using much less commercial fertilizer per 

4 bushel. We also use best management practices to 

5 sustain our soils and protect our waterways with CRP 

6 buffer strips. 

7 Our farm equipment and technologies, as well as 

8 the seed germplasm, is so much better today than in 

9 past years. Just think of the yield increases our 

10 farmers have produced since the RFS1 was passed in 

11 2005. This incremental increase in yield per acre 

12 should be in of itself been enough to make the RVO for 

13 dry grind corn ethanol go up. 

14 The American farmer answered the challenge of 

15 former President George W. Bush when he asked us to 

16 help end our addiction to foreign oil. We not only 

17 grew the corn, but we have also helped build a 

18 renewable fuels industry that went from 300 million 

19 gallons of production to a capacity of over 14 billion 

20 gallons. 

21 Many of these plants were built and financed 

22 similar to Golden Grain Energy, LLC, with 700-plus 
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1 shareholders investing their hard-earned dollars to 

2 create jobs and markets for their corn. Unfortunately, 

3 the EPA has created an aura of distrust and uncertainty 

4 over the past couple years due to their inability to 

5 make timely, positive growth decisions for the RFS2. 

6 If the EPA has, indeed, the authority to decrease 

7 the RVO of the RFS2 by congressional intent, under what 

8 scenario or circumstances will the EPA increase the dry 

9 grind portion of corn ethanol? Obviously, the EPA did 

10 not feel necessary when we produced 2 years back-to11 back of 14 billion bushel corn crops, and corn prices 

12 have plummeted over 50 percent. Or when E85 blends are 

13 selling in northern Iowa for $1 less per gallon than 

14 regular gas. 

15 I cannot understand the EPA's possible reasoning 

16 for lowering the RVOs for dry grind corn ethanol 

17 production. I have no doubts our farmers and our 

18 industry can produce all the ethanol needed to move to 

19 E15 and higher blends nationwide. This would help 

20 immensely in reaching our goals nationally for less 

21 than 25 percent imported fuels by 2025. 

22 I fully understand the economic impact of the RFS 

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1 and the RFS2 has had on our rural communities and the 

2 jobs in the peripheral industries as well. The EPA's 

3 indecision of the past has stymied investment 

4 opportunities not only for dry grind corn ethanol, but 

5 also for the biofuels technologies as well. 

6 I visited with EPA Administrators Karl Brooks and 

7 Janet McCabe before about this, and I sincerely hope 

8 you not only hear today, but listen to what the people 

9 here in Kansas City have to inform you. Together, we 

10 can build a stronger, more energy self-reliant nation 

11 and a robust economy. Does the EPA want to support the 

12 RFS or the farmer-owned reserve with higher 

13 governmental cost? 

14 Thank you. 

15 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you. 

16 (Applause.) 

17 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And pardon the interruption, 

18 panel. There is now a white truck from Plymouth Energy 

19 that is now blocking the buses. It may not get 

20 pancaked like the car, but if somebody could please go 

21 move that so that they could exit from the parking 

22 garage? So a white truck from Plymouth Energy. 

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1 And also I'd remind our panelists to please be 

2 respectful of the time limit. You can always submit 

3 the full context of your text for the record. 

4 Thank you. 

5 MR. TINGLE: Good afternoon. My name is Chris 

6 Tingle, and I'm the head of marketing for Enogen corn 

7 enzyme technology with Syngenta. I'm here to express 

8 deep concern regarding the recently proposed rule for 

9 the 2014 through 2016 renewable volume obligations, or 

10 RVOs, as required as part of the renewable fuel 

11 standard, RFS. 

12 Syngenta is one of the world's leading companies, 

13 with more than 29,000 employees in over 90 countries 

14 dedicated to our purpose of bringing plant potential to 

15 life. Through world-class science, global reach, and 

16 commitment to our customers, we help to increase crop 

17 productivity, protect the environment, and improve the 

18 health and quality of life. 

19 Our investment in technology for the ethanol 

20 industry underpins that dedication to serving our 

21 customers and the planet. The RFS, with unadulterated 

22 implementation, is a proven driver of billions in 

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1 economic activity across America. Eight hundred fifty 

2 thousand jobs, over $184 billion of economic output, 

3 $46.2 billion in wages, $14.5 billion in taxes each 

4 year is a clear indicator that this policy is a 

5 success, especially when the activity creates a 

6 multiplier effect throughout the economy, as employees 

7 and suppliers re-spend these dollars. 

8 The drastic cuts proposed by the EPA with the 2014 

9 through 2016 RFS will have a devastating impact on 

10 agriculture, rural economies, and will stifle 

11 investment in ethanol plants throughout the nation. By 

12 backtracking from congressional intent, the agency is 

13 sending a signal that the Government no longer supports 

14 the production of biofuels, which would have an 

15 especially chilling effect to further investment in 

16 cellulosic ethanol by private investors. 

17 Syngenta has demonstrated its commitment to the 

18 cellulosic industry through the development of Enogen 

19 corn enzyme technology and a partnership with the Quad 

20 County Corn Processors and their state-of-the-art 

21 Cellerate process. 

22 Enogen is a shining example of what the RFS has 
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1 enabled through private investment in biofuels. Our 

2 company has dedicated hundreds of millions of dollars 

3 to the development of this revolutionary technology 

4 that has been proven to provide a premium back to the 

5 farm economy and deliver unparalleled environmental 

6 benefits to the ethanol production process. 

7 In fact, trial results have concluded that per 100 

8 million gallon ethanol plant, Enogen corn enabled 

9 efficiency improvements have saved more than 68 million 

10 gallons of water, nearly 10 million kilowatts of 

11 electricity, and more than 350 billion BTUs of natural 

12 gas while reducing CO2 emissions by more than 100 

13 million pounds. Those results translate into increased 

14 economic efficiencies for the ethanol plants and 

15 increased revenues for corn growers by making them now 

16 enzyme suppliers in addition to delivering corn to the 

17 ethanol plant. 

18 By combining Enogen and Cellerate, we are now able 

19 to deliver innovation to the RFS, especially the RFS2 

20 that was designed to deliver. If the foundation is 

21 ripped out from under the policy, there will be no 

22 indication of certainty that Syngenta and other 

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1 companies can count on in order to make large 

2 investments in the biofuel space. 

3 Syngenta applauds the agency for holding this 

4 timely hearing. We appreciate the opportunity to share 

5 our concerns on a policy that is critical to our 

6 nation's energy independence, the rural American 

7 economy, and the environment. 

8 Thank you. 

9 (Applause.) 

10 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you. Next? 

11 MR. BACKMAN: Hi. My name is Paul Backman. I'm 

12 also with Syngenta. I am the head of plant operations 

13 for Syngenta, and I'm here to express deep concern 

14 regarding the recently proposed rule for the 2014 

15 through '16 renewable volume obligation as required as 

16 part of the renewable fuel standard. 

17 The drastic cuts proposed by the EPA will have a 

18 shattering impact on the rural economy and will stifle 

19 investment in the ethanol plants throughout the nation. 

20 If the EPA and the Government turn their backs on 

21 production of the current conventional biofuels, it'll 

22 result in devastation for the full-scale 

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1 commercialization of the next biofuels. 

2 The industry has just begun the commercialization 

3 of these next-generation biofuels, such as cellulosic. 

4 Syngenta is one of the world's leading companies in 

5 our investment and our 29,000 employees worldwide, and 

6 we have a commitment to our customers as well as to our 

7 investors as to bringing plant potential to life. 

8 Syngenta has demonstrated its commitment to the 

9 cellulosic ethanol industry through the development of 

10 Enogen, as my colleague just described. Enogen is a 

11 perfect example of what the RFS has enabled through 

12 private investment in biofuels. 

13 Our company has dedicated hundreds of millions of 

14 dollars into the development of this revolutionary 

15 technology that has proven to provide premium back to 

16 the farm economy and delivered unparalleled 

17 environmental benefits to ethanol production process. 

18 Syngenta asks that the EPA does the following when 

19 considering issuing a final proposal for 2014 through 

20 '16 RFS targets. Number one, get the proposals back on 

21 track with the congressional intent. This deviation is 

22 stifling for any chance the RFS has of reaching 

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1 fruition. 

2 Number two, take into account that the blend wall 

3 does not actually exist, but hold the obligated parties 

4 accountable for what the law says they need to blend. 

5 And third, limit the issuance of cellulosic waiver 

6 credits. These credits were designed to be issued only 

7 in circumstances of cellulosic feedstock shortfalls. 

8 The RFS is a driver of billions of dollars in 

9 economic activity across America and is responsible for 

10 hundreds of thousands of jobs and $184 billion of 

11 economic output. $46.2 billion in wages and $14.5 

12 billion in taxes each year is a clear indicator that 

13 this policy is a success. 

14 Now is not the time to take the wind from the 

15 sails of progress. Please get this program back on 

16 track. Syngenta applauds the agency for holding this 

17 timely hearing today and to hear about our concerns. 

18 And it is critical that we lead our nation's energy 

19 independence and the rural American economy and the 

20 environment. 

21 Thank you. 

22 (Applause.) 
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1 MR. TAPP: Thank you. Next? 

2 MR. OERKE: I got moved up. So my name is Marvin 

3 Oerke. And if you see the name, it's kind of hard to 

4 recognize it because it starts with an O. But that's 

5 my great-grandfather, who came from Germany. 

6 And so, I've been farming all my life and have 

7 been kind of a person that would have a little bit of a 

8 vision. And so, I'm supporting the gasohol sign here 

9 because it was made for American Agri-Fuels 

10 Corporation, a public stock company. It has offices in 

11 1006 Grand, Kansas City, Missouri, 10th floor. 

12 And we tried -- from 1978 to '81, we tried to 

13 develop an ethanol plant in the area. We had a plant 

14 site west of Rockport, Missouri, 4 miles west. And we 

15 had a plant site there. And what we did was we found 

16 out that the molecular sieve product was available. It 

17 was used for taking water out of oil. 

18 And so, we tested it, taking the water out of the 

19 ethanol. At that time we called it fuel alcohol, and 

20 so that worked, and so we developed and built 10 units. 

21 That's 10,000 gallons a day at Rockport. 

22 Then we run onto a problem. It seemed as though 

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1 the petroleum companies didn't want us to use ethanol 

2 to make gasohol, so much so that they wouldn't use it. 

3 Then we asked to buy some gasoline from them. They 

4 said, no, we won't sell you any gasoline. 

5 So we took our lawyer and went to Washington, 

6 D.C., and got a Federal court order demanding, finding 

7 that the petroleum fuel companies would have to sell 

8 American Agri-Fuels gasoline so we can make gasohol. 

9 Now when the RFS2 came along, I believe that 

10 that's a big step because that was the problem was if 

11 most of the people, most of the fuel is through big 

12 suppliers, they're not very interested in it. So 

13 anyway, I want you to try to get it back to the regular 

14 standard. I might say that we've got an ethanol plant 

15 in Missouri here that's been very efficient. We keep 

16 getting more efficient all the time, and we also was in 

17 biodiesel. 

18 We started Prairie Pride, Incorporated, down in 

19 Deerfield, Missouri, and we had over 1,050 members and 

20 invested $50 million in that project. But because the 

21 State and the Federal dropped the incentive, we lost it 

22 and we had to be partner with ADM. So we're partnering 

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1 up there. 

2 So, anyway, thank you for your time. I hope you 

3 keep on keeping the standard like it was before. 

4 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you. Any questions? 

5 (No response.) 

6 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

7 (Applause.) 

8 MR. TAPP: Okay. Will Panel 34 move forward, 

9 please? Panel 36 to the staging area. 

10 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And Panel 36, we have listed 

11 Mike, and forgive me for not pronouncing this 

12 correctly, and I'm not sure if it's Jerke? 

13 MR. JERKE: Jerke. 

14 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Jerke? Thank you. Jeff 

15 Scharping, Michael Chisam, Bruce Patterson, Steve Roe, 

16 and Mark Marquis. 

17 MS. KLEEB: There's a girl on this panel. So it 

18 could get crazy. 

19 (Laughter.) 

20 MR. TAPP: Okay. Please proceed. 

21 MR. VEIT: Hi. I'm Christopher Veit, director of 

22 business development for Mascoma, LLC, a division of 

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1 Lallemand, Inc., a global company specialized in yeast 

2 and bacteria-related products for a wide variety of 

3 applications, including biofuels. Mascoma, LLC, is 

4 located in Lebanon, New Hampshire, and employs 40 

5 people, almost all scientists who are focused on the 

6 research and development of novel engineered yeasts for 

7 the biofuels industry. 

8 Since its inception in 2006, Mascoma has invested 

9 over $200 million to develop and launch new yeast 

10 products for both first- and second-generation 

11 biofuels. Key to enabling this investment was the 

12 stability of the first-generation industry and a desire 

13 to provide new enabling products for second-generation 

14 biofuels as supported by the RFS. 

15 Since Mascoma's inception in 2006, we have seen 

16 firsthand the positive impact the RFS has had on local 

17 economies and throughout the U.S., as the biofuels 

18 industry grew dramatically and realized major 

19 efficiency gains via the adoption of new technologies 

20 and better practices. 

21 The instability in the biofuel market since 2013 

22 resulting from EPA's lack of a long-term and stable 
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1 energy policy has increased the risk for potential 

2 investors and discouraged further investments in the 

3 next generation of biofuels. Though three cellulosic 

4 biofuel plants began production in 2014 and a fourth is 

5 scheduled to begin production in 2015, no additional 

6 cellulosic facilities have been announced since 2013. 

7 The uncertainty around the changing RFS has been a 

8 factor in this drop. 

9 While appreciating the fact that the EPA is trying 

10 to be aggressive on the blending targets for advanced 

11 biofuels, the conditions under which those targets are 

12 waived has emerged as a key issue. Companies trying to 

13 limit advanced biofuels will be able to secure waiver 

14 credits rather than work with the biofuels industry to 

15 increase the use of biofuels via higher biofuel blends. 

16 Though the technical rationale is weak and the 

17 work done to prove that higher blends of ethanol in our 

18 gasoline provide an excellent and clean-burning fuel, 

19 the blend wall has become the stumbling block for 

20 slowing the growth of the biofuels industry. Since the 

21 early 2000s, much of my focus has been on working with 

22 scientists and innovative companies to bring enabling 

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1 enzymes and yeasts to future second-generation 

2 producers. 

3 It has been a struggle, yet since the RFS was put 

4 into place in 2006, great strides have been made, and 

5 cellulosic-based biofuels are now being produced on a 

6 large scale. A stable RFS without loopholes for the 

7 competition is an essential component for cellulosic 

8 biofuels to grow and realize commercial viability. 

9 We are at a crossroads, and Lallemand and 

10 Mascoma's future investment in developing technologies 

11 for second-generation biofuels will end if this market 

12 cannot move forward. As it stands, this proposal 

13 discourages us from investing further in the 

14 technologies needed to make second-generation biofuels 

15 a commercial reality. 

16 I thank you for your time. 

17 MR. TAPP: Thank you, Christopher. Next? 

18 MR. AMMANN: Good afternoon. I'm Craig Ammann, 

19 director of sales for North America from Lallemand 

20 Biofuels and Distilled Spirits, located in Duluth, 

21 Georgia. We're a fermentation ingredients company that 

22 manufactures yeast and supplies antibiotics and 

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1 nutrients to the industry as well. 

2 As a supplier to this industry, we have developed 

3 and introduced many new products for fermentation into 

4 the first- and second-generation markets. Most 

5 recently, biotech yeast strains that help plants 

6 minimize costly overhead in fermentation. 

7 The RFS has been a tremendous success not only for 

8 our local economy, but also for our nation as well. 

9 The ethanol industry answered the call and has produced 

10 necessary volumes of renewable fuels to meet the 

11 ambitious goals of the RFS. Yet the major oil 

12 corporations have failed to do their part, and the EPA 

13 is rewarding them for their failure to invest in the 

14 higher ethanol blends. 

15 If there was ever an industry capable of 

16 championing the cause to further our country's 

17 dependence on foreign oil, it is the petroleum 

18 corporations that continue to post record-setting 

19 profits quarter over quarter. Further, these same 

20 entities fund a continual negative spin machine, 

21 keeping the American public confused and resistant to 

22 renewable fuels. Only by increasing the level of 

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1 renewable fuel can we break our nation's dangerous 

2 addiction to foreign oil. 

3 As a veteran, I proudly served in the Middle East 

4 in support of Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. 

5 As a logistics supervisor at the division level, I saw 

6 firsthand the unfathomable amount of physical and 

7 monetary resources required to protect our interest in 

8 foreign oil, a fight, as we all know, that continues 

9 today. 

10 Why would we not utilize and, more importantly, 

11 proliferate all means available to lessen our 

12 dependence on others in the world to fuel this 

13 country's transportation requirements? With this 

14 thought process in mind, it is clear that decreasing 

15 the RFS requirements is not only a step backwards, but 

16 only shows the EPA's clouded vision to work toward 

17 energy independence in a fair and timely fashion. 

18 Further, the RFS has been critical to our nation's 

19 agricultural and rural economy. Ethanol production has 

20 provided an essential market for our nation's grain 

21 farmers and has revitalized rural communities around 

22 the country while saving taxpayers billions of dollars 
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1 in farm program payments and subsidies. 

2 The RFS gives American consumers a true choice at 

3 the pump. It helps provide market access for higher 

4 ethanol blends like E15, E20, E30, and E85. Without 

5 the RFS, the major oil corporations who control the 

6 fueling infrastructure will continue to stonewall and 

7 protect their monopoly on gasoline. 

8 We as a nation must move forward beyond this 

9 mindset that this country can only rely on legacy 

10 technology and continuing dig up our country's 

11 backyards in the constant pursuit of more oil. Let us 

12 not forget when an oil reservoir runs dry, it runs dry 

13 for good. 

14 The RFS was designed to force the oil industry to 

15 change the status quo, not to perpetuate it. The blend 

16 wall is a creation of the oil corporations' failure to 

17 respond appropriately to the very clear market signal 

18 given upon passage of the 2007 Energy Independence and 

19 Security Act. 

20 Oil companies and their downstream partners knew 8 

21 years ago when the RFS2 was adopted that the policy 

22 would eventually drive demand for ethanol blends above 

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1 the 10 percent blend, or E10. Yet these corporations 

2 failed to make any meaningful investments in the 

3 terminal and retail infrastructure needed to distribute 

4 higher-level blends like E85, E15, and others. 

5 Infrastructure constraints do not appear in the statute 

6 and were expressly rejected by Congress when the RFS 

7 was passed. 

8 In closing, the proposed reduction to the current 

9 RFS is not only irresponsible, it sends a clear signal 

10 to the people of the United States that the EPA cannot 

11 smartly manage policy or stand up to the onslaught of 

12 the oil industry's negative spin machine and bottomless 

13 checkbooks. 

14 I would respectfully ask the EPA to not 

15 procrastinate, rather proliferate the existing RFS in 

16 place today. I thank the panel for your time and 

17 attention. 

18 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you, Craig. Next? 

19 MR. DIEDIKER: Good afternoon, and thank you for 

20 the opportunity to speak here today. 

21 My name is Bryan Diediker. I'm the environmental 

22 health and safety manager at Plymouth Energy in 

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1 Merrill, Iowa. I am one of 400,000 hard-working 

2 Americans who rely on a strong renewable fuel standard 

3 for our independence, our freedom of choice, and our 

4 ability to provide for our families. 

5 Americans in our part of the country believe in 

6 hard work, being honest, and using a common sense 

7 approach when making decisions. It's becoming more and 

8 more evident that common sense is fading from this 

9 world, and a reduction of the renewable volume 

10 obligations supports this theory. 

11 According to the Argonne National Laboratory, 

12 ethanol reduces greenhouse gases by up to 57 percent, 

13 compared to conventional gasoline. In 2013, the 13 

14 billion gallons of ethanol produced reduced greenhouse 

15 gas emissions by 38 million metric tons. 

16 The working class I'm speaking on behalf of would 

17 undoubtedly agree that decreasing emissions is what's 

18 best for our country and something the Environmental 

19 Protection Agency should consider before making their 

20 final rule. 

21 In conclusion, I feel responsible to stress the 

22 concerns of all green-collared, hard-working Americans 

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1 and ask that you reconsider your renewable volume 

2 obligations. Keep these jobs available to our rural 

3 communities, give us the freedom to choose at the pump, 

4 and help us to make this world a better place to raise 

5 our families. 

6 A Native American proverb reads, "We do not 

7 inherit the Earth from our ancestors. We borrow it 

8 from our children." 

9 Thank you. 

10 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you, Bryan. Next? 

11 MR. BECKER: Thank you today for coming to the 

12 Midwest. We really appreciate that. 

13 My name is John Becker. I managed a feed and 

14 grain co-op for 37 years, and I'm currently investor 

15 and director of Plymouth Energy, a 55 million gallon 

16 per year ethanol plant located in Merrill, Iowa. I'm 

17 here today as a renewable fuel supporter to encourage 

18 the EPA to finalize the RFS that matches up to the 

19 volumes specified in the law. 

20 Up until the early 2000s the price of corn was 

21 regularly less than $2 a bushel, which was well below 

22 the cost of production. As a result, Government was 
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1 subsidizing the farmers, which cost Government billions 

2 of dollars. Yields in northwest Iowa were running from 

3 125 to 160 bushels per acres, and farmers were just 

4 getting by. 

5 Farm kids weren't coming back to the farm because 

6 low commodity prices did not prove enough income to 

7 support two families. As a result, many of the farm 

8 kids ended up abandoning agriculture and going to the 

9 city to get a job, and frankly, I was wondering where 

10 that next generation of kids were going to come from. 

11 Then, in the mid 2000s, the ethanol industry took 

12 off. In a short few years, farmers were able to raise 

13 a crop based on the market rather than relying on a 

14 check from Uncle Sam. The transformation of 

15 agriculture allowed seed companies to invest in better 

16 genetics, improve manufacturing to implement -- 

17 manufacturers to accelerate the development of 

18 incredible technology breakthroughs, and farmers to 

19 modernize management practices and maximize 

20 efficiencies. 

21 Now roughly a decade later, our yields in 

22 northwest Iowa average 200 bushels per acre, and as 

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1 technology and efficiency have flourished the past 10 

2 years also has production. Some of the most profitable 

3 years we have ever seen in agriculture, and it's no 

4 accident that these profit years coincide with the RFS. 

5 The success of the rural economy in my area alone 

6 is a testimony to the importance of the RFS. As 

7 ethanol production increased, local access to co8 products, such as high-protein distillers grain, helped 

9 to bring down feed cost for livestock producers. 

10 Today, we have more hogs and cattle in our area, which 

11 allowed the co-op to put up a new feed mill and 

12 increase efficiency. 

13 The co-op sells corn to the ethanol plant and 

14 brings distillers grain to the feed mill. We have seen 

15 dramatic increases in construction of cattle and hog 

16 buildings, and young farmers are returning to the farm. 

17 The county supervisor said because of the ethanol 

18 plant being here and paying property taxes, they could 

19 replace two much-needed bridges. With all the new 

20 buildings, new feed mills, new grain bins, new 

21 machinery, and new infrastructure to go along with 

22 increase in farm income and land values, it's clear 

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1 that the growth in the ethanol industry as a result of 

2 the RFS has been a huge win for rural America. 

3 It's been good for farmers. It's been good for 

4 consumers, as ethanol has lowered fuel prices, 

5 increased choices at the pump. It's been good for 

6 local, State, and Federal Government as revenues have 

7 increased. It's been good for our growing small 

8 communities. It's been good for air quality. It's 

9 been good for national security. 

10 Let American ingenuity thrive. Farmers will meet 

11 the challenges. So let's get back to the levels that 

12 Congress intended it to be. 

13 Thanks for your consideration. 

14 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you, John. Next? 

15 MR. HANSEN: Hello. I'm Rick Hansen, and I got 

16 the most important job in the world. I'm a grandpa. 

17 I did have the privilege of addressing you all in 

18 Washington, D.C., in 2013. I'm sure you remember that 

19 I farm and feed cattle in northwest Iowa, and I 

20 probably don't have to remind you how great the ethanol 

21 byproducts have been for my business. 

22 However, today I'm here to talk to you about 

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1 something that's important to all of us -- baseball, 

2 grandkids, and the future of this country. 

3 Let's start with baseball. Due to the jobs 

4 created by the ethanol business, myself and a lot of my 

5 neighbors do not have to travel a great distance to 

6 watch our grandkids play baseball. Our communities are 

7 flourishing. 

8 Our young people are staying on the farm and in 

9 our small communities. Now, to me, that's as American 

10 as it gets. 

11 Now we all know it costs a lot to raise a family 

12 today. That's why we need to keep our jobs here in the 

13 United States. That's just common sense. Let's quit 

14 sending billions of dollars to countries who hate 

15 Americans and wish to bring us all harm. 

16 When was the last time you heard of a farmer 

17 carrying a gun or a bomb into a plane or a crowded 

18 building? Why, they don't even fit in our overalls. 

19 Do you see where I'm headed here? 

20 I don't want my grandkids to go from the baseball 

21 field to the battlefield to protect something that 

22 isn't even ours. We can produce ethanol fuels here in 
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1 America cleaner, cheaper, and a lot safer. 

2 Now after everyone is done here today giving you 

3 all of their reasons and trying to influence your 

4 decision, please do what's right for all our families' 

5 futures. It's simple. Made in the USA. Use your God6 given common sense. Don't do it for the money. Do it 

7 because it's the right thing to do. 

8 Remember, ethanol. Cleaner, cheaper, safer, 

9 American made. Made in the USA. Made in the U -- that 

10 has a ring to it, doesn't it? There could even be a 

11 song about that, yeah. 

12 (Laughter.) 

13 MR. HANSEN: Thank you. 

14 (Applause.) 

15 MR. TAPP: Thanks, Rick. Next? 

16 MS. KLEEB: Hi there. My name is Jane Kleeb, and 

17 I am with a group called Bold Nebraska. 

18 Big oil is anti-farmer. Always has been. Always 

19 will be. Whether it's trying to shove a tar sands 

20 pipeline in a farmer's field so when it bursts it 

21 destroys their livelihoods or whether it's trying to 

22 decrease the amount of ethanol that's blended with the 

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1 gasoline at the pump, big oil is anti-farmer. 

2 The good news is the EPA has stood with family 

3 farmers for generations. Whether it's coming up with 

4 solutions to save water or working with the Department 

5 of Agriculture to encourage no-till farming, practices 

6 like that, that farmers of everybody in this room and 

7 across the State of Nebraska do, help combat climate 

8 change and help save our land and water. 

9 Bold Nebraska is a group with one foot in the 

10 environmental community and one foot in the property 

11 rights and agriculture community. And so, we 

12 understand some of the environmental community's 

13 concerns about ethanol, but we sure don't buy big oil's 

14 spin about the false food versus fuel debate, and we 

15 certainly don't think and would never pretend to 

16 believe that any of the junk environmental science that 

17 they call -- that they call it that big oil puts out 

18 that somehow putting Keystone XL through our land and 

19 water to the export market to China would be worse for 

20 our climate than producing ethanol. 

21 The EPA and the Department of Agriculture science 

22 is crystal clear. Producing ethanol and biofuels 

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1 decreases carbon emissions from anywhere from 34 to 100 

2 percent. And the last time I looked, no farmer has 

3 soaked a dolphin in a bunch of oil, and no farmer has 

4 destroyed somebody's livelihood by a tar sands or an 

5 oil pipeline bursting into their wheat or corn field. 

6 Those of us that live in rural America know that 

7 when a farmer drops off his seed to the ethanol 

8 facility, that that single piece of corn represents 

9 more than putting gas into our car. It represents 

10 building our communities. It represents plastics that 

11 reduce the amount of carbon in our communities, and it 

12 represents a seed of resistance that in rural 

13 communities we know what that means. 

14 It means that we have the grit and the resiliency 

15 to get off of foreign oil and to start getting off oil, 

16 period, because we have the ability to grow America's 

17 energy, whether that's with biofuels, whether that's 

18 with solar, or whether that's with wind. 

19 So for decades, big oil has had their boot on our 

20 necks, and it's a really crystal clear way that the EPA 

21 can help lift that boot off of our families' neck. 

22 It's to raise the renewable fuel standard. That is a 

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1 power shift that will significantly change not only our 

2 rural communities, but will actually start to prove 

3 that we can combat climate change. 

4 Thank you. 

5 (Applause.) 

6 MR. TAPP: Thank you. Okay. Thank you very much. 

7 Will Panel 36 move up to the front, and Panel 38 

8 to the staging area? 

9 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: And I'd like to identify our 

10 panelists and make sure they're here. So for Panel 38, 

11 Edward Condon, Nick Bowdish, Brian Cahill, David 

12 Kramer, and Rhett Adams. Are all those people here? 

13 (Pause.) 

14 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Okay. Thank you. 

15 (Pause.) 

16 MR. TAPP: All right. Go ahead. 

17 MR. JERKE: Good afternoon, and thank you for the 

18 opportunity to testify here today. 

19 My name is Mike Jerke, and I am the chief 

20 executive officer for Guardian Energy. Guardian 

21 currently owns three ethanol production facilities -- 

22 one each in Minnesota, Ohio, and North Dakota -- that 
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1 have a combined capacity of just over 300 million 

2 gallons per year. Those three facilities employ 135 

3 people. 

4 Our company is unique in that it was created and 

5 is owned by six farmer-owned ethanol producers that are 

6 located in Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, and South Dakota. 

7 Each of these producing companies has between 500 and 

8 1,000 owners. Ultimately then, Guardian's ownership 

9 consists of nearly 4,000 farmers. And while they are 

10 from different geographic locations, they all shared a 

11 same vision of rural revitalization, energy 

12 independence, and environmental stewardship. 

13 The RFS was created, debated, and passed by 

14 Congress for the express purpose of creating targets 

15 that would provide certainty to the industry and 

16 investment community. Provisions were included for two 

17 very specific reasons that the congressional authority 

18 authorized targets, that is, could be reduced. 

19 One was if there was an economic harm created by 

20 the statute, and the other was if the ethanol industry 

21 was unable to supply the required amounts. Beyond 

22 these off ramps, the legislation included allowance for 

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1 a credit trading system in lieu of utilizing the 

2 physical gallons. This provision was created in large 

3 part to address concerns raised by the petroleum 

4 industry. 

5 The concern we have is that the EPA proposed rule 

6 that brings us here today completely deviates from the 

7 legislation. Yes, the rule is less of a reduction than 

8 previously suggested. But we cannot lose sight that 

9 any proposed reduction, unless it is based on the black 

10 letter language of the law, is misguided, and EPA needs 

11 to reverse this course. 

12 Our owners invested significant dollars and took 

13 significant risk based on the vision I previously 

14 mentioned. As their investment has borne fruit, they 

15 consistently express desire to reinvest in the 

16 industry. 

17 Removing targets that were established by Congress 

18 does not provide the certainty that gives them 

19 confidence to continue with that approach. 

20 Specifically, as we review new technologies that allow 

21 for the production of ethanol from cellulose, it is not 

22 unreasonable to believe that if the EPA is willing to 

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1 make adjustments, that we're not part of the statute 

2 once, they may do it again. 

3 Many issues we face are complex. This one is 

4 straightforward. Stick to the statute. Leave the 

5 targets within the RFS as originally drafted. Do not 

6 move forward with the proposed reduction. In short, 

7 don't mess with the RFS. 

8 Thank you for your attention, and please consider 

9 these comments as you move toward final rulemaking. 

10 (Applause.) 

11 MR. TAPP: Thank you, Mike. Next? 

12 MR. SCHARPING: Hello. I'm Jeff Scharping with 

13 ICM. ICM has designed and built 102 ethanol plants, 

14 including the one you visited yesterday in Garnett, 

15 Kansas. 

16 In the past, the producers' credit dollars went to 

17 big oil with the intent to increase blending 

18 infrastructure. They did not do their job. If you 

19 want blending infrastructure rapidly expanded at the 

20 retail level, lowering the RVO will have the opposite 

21 effect. 

22 Instead, extend the 1-pound waiver to higher 

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1 blends of ethanol, such as E15. The vapor pressure 

2 restriction is the biggest roadblock to letting 

3 retailers such as Sheetz and Minnoco offering consumers 

4 the choice at the pump. 

5 The EPA can quickly act on this, and it supports 

6 the congressional intent of the RFS. Allow the 

7 retailers to do their job. 

8 ICM's job is to continuously develop new 

9 technology for more efficient and lower-cost production 

10 of ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol from the corn fiber is 

11 ready today, with our Generation 1.5 technology. This 

12 bolt-on technology is completely integrated into the 

13 existing plant, using no additional water or chemicals. 

14 ICM's DOE-sponsored demonstration plant is just 30 

15 minutes up the road in St. John, Missouri, and has just 

16 successfully completed a second 1,000-hour cellulosic 

17 run. 

18 With the cellulosic add-on, an existing plant can 

19 yield an existing 10 percent more ethanol as cellulosic 

20 from the same amount of corn. That's 12 million 

21 gallons per plant from the same volume of corn. That's 

22 a 3.1 gallons a bushel efficiency, which is amazing. 
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1 But at a $25 million price tag, my customers need 

2 RIN stability of at least 4 years into the future for 

3 planning. Unfortunately, since the rumors started in 

4 2012 of the EPA changing the statute volumes, it hit 

5 the cellulosic customer like a wet blanket. 

6 Cellulosic ethanol must stand on the shoulders of 

7 a strong starch, corn-starched ethanol industry. We 

8 need the stability of the original, congressionally 

9 mandated RVO volumes. Allow the ethanol industry to do 

10 its job. Keep the RFS on track. 

11 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you. 

12 (Applause.) 

13 MR. TAPP: Next? 

14 MR. CHISAM: Good afternoon, and thank you for the 

15 opportunity to testify. My name is Michael Chisam, and 

16 I am president and CEO of Kansas Ethanol, LLC, in 

17 Lyons, Kansas. 

18 Our facility has been in operation since May 1, 

19 2008, and would not have come to fruition without the 

20 creation and implementation of the renewable fuel 

21 standard, the most successful energy policy in America 

22 in the last 40 years. The platform created by this 

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1 policy allowed willing investors, courageous workers, 

2 and innovative leaders to come together to fulfill the 

3 intentions of the RFS and much more. 

4 As intended by the Energy Independence and 

5 Security Act, we have helped reduce our dependence on 

6 foreign oil by 50 percent in the last decade and 

7 improve national security. We have also revitalized 

8 our small, rural communities across the country. 

9 At our facility alone, we've increased direct 

10 employment from 36 to 46 people since our inception and 

11 support well over 100 indirect jobs in our local area. 

12 These employees receive an average salary in excess of 

13 $50,000 and have exceptional benefits. These 

14 individuals pay taxes and spend their hard-earned cash 

15 with local businesses. 

16 The positive economic benefit of having an ethanol 

17 facility in your community cannot be understated. But 

18 the benefits reach well beyond an ethanol facility's 

19 local community. 

20 The industry supplies a year-round market for 

21 local farmers' grain and provides value-added co22 products to regional livestock owners. Farmers receive 

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1 better prices for their grain, and livestock owners 

2 receive a consistent, high-quality feed for a 

3 reasonable price. 

4 The partnership that has evolved between local 

5 farmers, livestock producers, and the ethanol 

6 facilities is synergistic and is truly a win-win-win 

7 situation. This synergistic relationship, especially 

8 between farmers and the ethanol industry, has allowed 

9 the U.S. Government to decrease farmer subsidy payments 

10 by billions in the last several years. 

11 Consumers also benefit greatly from the RFS. At 

12 the pump, they have a choice, and they have saved 10 

13 cents or more per gallon when filling with E10 and 

14 could save an additional 5 to 10 cents more per gallon 

15 with greater availability of E15 in the market. 

16 Even the major oil companies benefit from the use 

17 of ethanol. Not only is it a low-priced input for 

18 their gasoline, it is also a superior source of octane 

19 needed for blending with the suboctane gasoline stock 

20 currently refined in the U.S. today. 

21 Clearly, the RFS is a success today. It has 

22 provided the platform that launched the biofuels 

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1 industry, an industry that supports nearly 400,000 

2 American jobs that cannot be outsourced, an industry 

3 that has helped reduce our nation's dependence on 

4 foreign oil by 50 percent. It has also helped to 

5 reduce our carbon emissions. 

6 It's an industry that has saved consumers money, 

7 and it is an industry that has revitalized small, rural 

8 communities across the country. The RFS has and will 

9 continue to work, if implemented as intended by the 

10 President and Congress in 2007. I respectfully request 

11 that you increase the renewable volume obligations to 

12 the statutory-dictated levels. 

13 Thank you for the opportunity to testify, and 

14 thank you for listening. 

15 (Applause.) 

16 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

17 MR. MARQUIS: My name is Mark Marquis. I'm the 

18 president of Marquis Energy. 

19 Along with my cousin, our families operate two 

20 ethanol plants, Marquis Energy in Hennepin, Illinois, 

21 and Marquis Energy Wisconsin in Necedah, Wisconsin. We 

22 currently produce 230 million gallons per year of 
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1 ethanol. 

2 Based on the commitments made by Congress in the 

3 RFS2 that there would be an annual escalating 

4 requirement for the usage of ethanol for the next 15 

5 years through 2022, I sold two agriculture-related 

6 businesses, opened an ethanol plant in 2008, and 

7 purchased another ethanol plant in 2010. I did this on 

8 the basis that demand for ethanol would be there going 

9 forward. 

10 The purpose of the RFS2 was to give investors 

11 certainty that there would be a growing renewable fuels 

12 business in the United States. The waiver authority 

13 granted to the EPA in the RFS2 was only to be used in 

14 the event that there was an inadequate domestic supply 

15 of ethanol. 

16 Last year, 800 million gallons of U.S. ethanol was 

17 exported. It's obvious that there was not a lack of 

18 domestic supply of ethanol. 

19 Obligated parties, including oil companies, failed 

20 to comply with the system that was set up and instead 

21 complain about high RIN cost. This does not give EPA 

22 the basis needed to waive the statutory requirement. 

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1 Obligated parties have had 7 years to take action 

2 and put in place the necessary infrastructure to offer 

3 higher blends of ethanol. The fact that they refused 

4 to make that investment and then claim that there is a 

5 blend wall is a self-imposed problem. 

6 The term "blend wall" was not included in the RFS 

7 and is consequently not listed as a criteria for a 

8 waiver. Furthermore, a reduction in miles driven or an 

9 increase in average miles per gallon was also not 

10 included or cited in the RFS2 as a criteria for waiver 

11 authority for the EPA. 

12 We are being cheated by the improper application 

13 of a waiver, and the reason cited has nothing to do 

14 with an inadequate supply of domestic ethanol. In 

15 addition, ethanol is currently trading at 50 cents per 

16 gallon below gasoline. EPA's improper actions are 

17 forcing hundreds of millions of gallons of ethanol to 

18 be sold to foreign buyers at a price 50 cents a gallon 

19 cheaper than gasoline, a savings that could be provided 

20 to U.S. motorists if the obligated parties were 

21 incentivized by threat of high-cost RINs to invest in 

22 appropriate infrastructure to market higher volumes of 

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1 low-cost, clean-burning renewable fuels. 

2 In closing, I invested significant sums of money 

3 in two ethanol plants based on the promises of my 

4 government, and now my family is being penalized 

5 because the EPA is giving the obligated parties a pass 

6 on the obligation required by the renewable fuel 

7 standard. 

8 Thank you. 

9 (Applause.) 

10 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you. Next? 

11 MR. ROE: My name is Steve Roe. I'm the general 

12 manager of Little Sioux Corn Processors located in 

13 Marcus, Iowa. I thought it was imperative that I make 

14 my case today because of its importance to our industry 

15 and our country. 

16 Little Sioux is a grassroots organization. We 

17 have over 800 investors who made an investment in 

18 Little Sioux, hoping to raise the price of corn and 

19 improve the economic well-being of their community. 

20 They knew full well the venture carried risk, but they 

21 moved forward anyway. 

22 Little Sioux began production in April of 2003 as 

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1 a 40 million gallon production plant. We have expanded 

2 twice and are undergoing our third expansion this year. 

3 The third expansion will take our capacity beyond 

4 135 million gallons of annual production. The third 

5 expansion exceeds the grandfathered production limit of 

6 120 million gallons and was approved by the EPA 

7 demonstrating greenhouse gas reductions greater than 20 

8 percent through the Efficient Producer Program. 

9 Without the RFS and its mechanism for market 

10 access, the industry would have never grown this fast. 

11 The law has had an economic effect on northwest Iowa 

12 that cannot be understated. 

13 The EPA has a decision to make on the RFS. It can 

14 side with the oil industry and its inherent 90 percent 

15 mandate by capping the required ethanol inclusion in 

16 our gasoline supply at 10 percent, or it can stand up 

17 for American jobs, farmers, and clean energy 

18 innovation. 

19 With this cap, innovation and investment in our 

20 industry will die, and the dramatic strides that our 

21 industry has made in the efficiencies will skid to a 

22 halt. There has been a tremendous amount of capital 
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1 invested in transportation services, technical 

2 expertise, and other support industries. Thousands of 

3 jobs are at risk, and the perceived level of certainty 

4 of the law is lost if the EPA continues its present 

5 course. 

6 The law was designed to push the barrier. It was 

7 not designed to be comfortable for the obligated party. 

8 It was designed to allow market access and give the 

9 obligated party a mechanism to control their fate in 

10 the marketplace. 

11 Every gallon of ethanol produced in the United 

12 States has a RIN attached to it. The RIN is free. The 

13 marketplace creates a value for the RIN, but blending 

14 over the 10 percent level does not push RIN values 

15 higher. The marketplace does. And a value for the RIN 

16 doesn't make gasoline prices move higher either. 

17 I close with urging the EPA to reconsider. Basing 

18 the RFS on an E10 blend wall violates the law as it was 

19 intended by Congress. 

20 Thank you for your time today. 

21 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you, Steve. 

22 (Applause.) 

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1 MR. TAPP: Next? 

2 MR. PATTERSON: My name is Bruce Patterson. I'm 

3 here today representing Leaf Technologies, a business 

4 unit of the Lesaffre Group. 

5 We make and supply yeast for production of 

6 biofuels. Lesaffre is the largest yeast company in the 

7 world, with approximately 8,000 employees and 49 

8 production sites around the globe. 

9 I also come today individually, having ties to 

10 many ag families, including Jay Lundeen of Fowler, 

11 Kansas -- Jay cannot be here today, he's harvesting 

12 wheat -- all of whom are direct beneficiaries of a 

13 strong RFS. 

14 Before you, a picture of Jay standing in front of 

15 corn stover, which was used at the Abengoa plant in 

16 Hugoton, Kansas. Jay is farming 5,000 acres, producing 

17 corn, wheat, and soybeans. Now with corn stover and 

18 wheat straw, Jay has a new cash crop that adds to his 

19 bottom line. 

20 See, by removing the residual from the field, Jay 

21 saves time and money, has quicker emergence, and 

22 improved yields. On top of that, he was paid by the 

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1 local ethanol plant for his collected biomass. Jay 

2 hopes the demand for biomass will reach a point where 

3 he can also plant switchgrass on dedicated CRP lands in 

4 order to further contribute to our bioeconomy. 

5 We at Lesaffre share Jay's vision and hope for the 

6 future. In fact, Lesaffre has committed significant 

7 time and resources in developing biocatalysts for 

8 biofuel production. We see production of biofuel from 

9 lignocellulosic materials as a platform for eventual 

10 production of chemicals and building-block molecules 

11 from renewable resources. 

12 Beginning in 2008, we began working on 

13 ethanologens that would convert these C5 sugars into 

14 ethanol. As part of this development work, Lesaffre 

15 has literally spent millions on acquiring the necessary 

16 IP to commercialize its five carbon sugar organism, 

17 which is used in the production of second-generation 

18 ethanol in the United States and many other parts of 

19 the world. 

20 We have also begun construction of a multi-million 

21 dollar production facility dedicated to the manufacture 

22 of specialized yeasts which were required for the 

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1 production of these advanced biofuels. An MCAN for our 

2 first product has been submitted to EPA, and the plant 

3 is scheduled to begin operation soon. 

4 These investment decisions were made in order to 

5 meet the 36 million gallon per year production targets 

6 of the RFS. However, the proposed RVO falls way short 

7 of expectations. 

8 Without ambitious volumetric targets and strong 

9 support by the EPA, investment into infrastructure and 

10 expansion will be limited. Nor will it take advantage 

11 of these new emerging technologies that are 

12 commercially available today and close to economic 

13 feasibility. The EPA should not back away from the 

14 commitment made by a bipartisan Congress 8 years ago 

15 and should continue to move forward as Congress and the 

16 President intended. 

17 Lastly, just a few weeks ago at the G-7 summit, 

18 President Obama and other world leaders pledged to 

19 eliminate the use of fossil fuels by the turn of the 

20 century. If we're going to eliminate fossil fuels and 

21 their harmful effects on our environment, we need to 

22 continue our path, and we cannot abandon the RFS. We 
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1 trust the EPA will respond and act accordingly. 

2 Thank you for your time and attention. 

3 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

4 Any questions? 

5 (Applause.) 

6 MR. TAPP: Okay. Will Panel 38 please report to 

7 the front, and Panel 40 to the staging area? 

8 MR. ARGYROPOULOS: Actually, a slight change. 

9 Yes, please, Panel 38 please come up. Panel 40, 

10 because some people aren't here yet -- they haven't 

11 checked in -- we're actually going to hold on Panel 40. 

12 We applaud all of the people testifying because we are 

13 not only on schedule in our room, but we're ahead of 

14 schedule. 

15 So, unfortunately, we're being penalized for that, 

16 but -- but we are now going to be taking on Panel 33. 

17 So they'll be our next panel that needs to be staged 

18 over here up in the front on the right, and I'll ask 

19 those panelists to please move forward. Bill Bracht, 

20 Paul Bertels, Chris Van Roekel, and Coral Didion. 

21 MR. TAPP: Okay. Please proceed. 

22 MR. CONDON: To the members of the EPA who are 

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1 here in Kansas today, thanks for being here. Welcome 

2 to Kansas. 

3 My name is Ed Condon. I'm a director of Conestoga 

4 Energy Holdings, which operates -- owns and operates 

5 two plants in southwest Kansas, and it operates a third 

6 in the Panhandle of Texas. And what we do in the plant 

7 is we put sugar to its highest and best use. 

8 What we do then with -- you know, the misnomer 

9 that we consume corn is exactly that, a misnomer. We 

10 don't consume anything, except the sugar, and then the 

11 nutrients go down the pathway to the cattle farmer. 

12 The cattle raisers have -- cattle have no biological 

13 need for sugar. They're not missing a thing. They 

14 literally urinate away the sugar. 

15 And so, because of that, we're employing the whole 

16 kernel. We're getting more value. We're putting it to 

17 a higher value, and because we're not wasting a key 

18 component, the deficiency payments to farmers have gone 

19 away. And the ethanol industry has done that. 

20 RFS has worked. I don't know of any other energy 

21 policy in this country that has worked as well. It has 

22 displaced 10 percent of what would otherwise be 

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1 petroleum fuel that all come at the margin from OPEC. 

2 So RFS has worked. 

3 And to the extent that somebody may disagree and 

4 say, well, it's not perfect. Well, guess what? 

5 Nothing is. However, it does sunset. So until it 

6 sunsets, let's follow the law. 

7 Congress considered and rejected the notion of 

8 using prior years' levels of blending to determine the 

9 next years'. They rejected that. And so, when EPA 

10 decides to use that, what they're really doing is 

11 rewarding big oil's intransigence. 

12 If big oil were in a competitive environment, was 

13 not acting with monopoly power, was not acting with 

14 oligopoly power, they could not afford to not include 

15 our cheaper, better, cleaner product. However, they do 

16 have that kind of market power, and then they have a 

17 worse market power, which is the monopsony power of 

18 being the only buyer of our product. 

19 And so, for all those reasons, what we need to do 

20 is not reward big oil for refusing to include a product 

21 that so benefits the American people. With respect to 

22 infrastructure, big oil has already been paid. They 

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1 got the blending credit. 

2 They went around, told lies, and said ethanol was 

3 subsidized. No, we didn't get that money at the 

4 ethanol plant. The 44-cent per gallon blending credit 

5 went to the blenders, folks who are members of the 

6 American Petroleum Institute. They got the money to 

7 fund their infrastructure. If they used it for 

8 something else, shame on them. 

9 The use of the monopoly power has always been 

10 regarded in this country as anti-social, anti11 competitive, and unjust. So if the Americans want to 

12 shrink our total liquid motor fuel pool, petroleum 

13 based, which is good for all Americans, we're going to 

14 need high-compression engines with high mileage that 

15 will need high octane, and that is in America's 

16 interest. 

17 That interest happens to be antithetical to big 

18 oil's interest. So we're asking EPA to side with 

19 America and American energy independence. 

20 I would urge that EPA make their rulings 

21 consistent with the law. And if nothing, we simple 

22 folk in flyover country, we often shake our head at 
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1 what goes on in D.C., and we say, well, why did EPA and 

2 Department of Energy go to all the trouble of testing 

3 E15, spending millions and millions of dollars, but 

4 then block the access to the marketplace? 

5 So what we want to do is even if my logic, my 

6 facts, my data you reject entirely, I'm okay with that 

7 because you're still obligated to follow the law. So 

8 please follow the law. 

9 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you, Ed. 

10 (Applause.) 

11 MR. CAHILL: Good afternoon. My name is Brian 

12 Cahill. I'm general manager of Southwest Iowa 

13 Renewable Energy, also president of the Iowa Renewable 

14 Fuels this year. 

15 And you know, like so many others here, I'm at an 

16 ethanol plant. I represent -- our facility has over 

17 800 investors, 60 employees. About $200 million was 

18 invested for ethanol based on, you know, the renewable 

19 fuel standard that provided a market. 

20 And we've got the production, the 15 billion 

21 gallons. The industry, the producers have all stepped 

22 up. And the market is there. Now we need to follow 

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1 the law and get to the 15 billion gallons in the 

2 market. 

3 My background is a little different in that I grew 

4 up in Chicago. I'm a city kid. I'm really not -- did 

5 not grow up on a farm and, you know, gradually in the 

6 1980s got involved with ethanol. And you know, I hope, 

7 as we're talking about numbers, the parties that make 

8 these decisions really get a good understanding of the 

9 ag economy and rural environment and how important 

10 agriculture and food supply is not just to our national 

11 security, but our leadership in the world. 

12 You know, one of the things we hear is that we're 

13 falling behind in this or that, manufacturing or other 

14 areas. But you never hear that about agriculture. We 

15 continue to grow, invest, and a lot of that is due to 

16 ethanol and biofuels because the market has been 

17 provided with -- for the producer to grow and develop a 

18 product profitably so that you can put money back in 

19 for reinvestment, innovation, and to do the things that 

20 we need to do. 

21 I heard earlier, you know, to get to a world of 8 

22 billion people, we're going to need a supply of corn 

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1 and other crops out there, and that's what ethanol 

2 provides a springboard for. 

3 Several things that, you know, I think you have to 

4 ask yourself the question. You know, one is do we want 

5 to promote investment in manufacturing and technology 

6 in the United States? I'd say definitely, yes, ethanol 

7 provides that. 

8 Do we want the Government, the Federal Government 

9 not to have to pay price supports through subsidies or 

10 price protection to farmers and producers? We 

11 definitely don't need any more money spent from the 

12 Federal Government for price supports. Ethanol has 

13 provided a market that doesn't require price supports. 

14 Will octane become more important in the future as 

15 we get to higher-compression engines and provided in 

16 the gasoline pool? Ethanol definitely does that, both 

17 environmentally friendly and is really that is one of 

18 the best qualities for ethanol is octane. I think we 

19 all remember MTBE, and we don't want to be there again. 

20 Do consumers want lower gasoline prices at the 

21 pump? Obviously, I think everybody in this room wants 

22 that. 

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1 Do we want a strong agriculture economy, which 

2 provides jobs not only to rural America, but throughout 

3 the country? That is very important for independence, 

4 both energy and food independence, and I think ethanol 

5 provides that. 

6 Do we want the United States to become less 

7 dependent on foreign oil? I think that goes without 

8 question. 

9 Do we expect ourselves, our kids, our employees, 

10 our employer, and our Government to live up to 

11 commitments? In my world, I say we do. 

12 And I guess, finally, should we allow big oil to 

13 get away with not living up to their commitment? No 

14 way. I think what we need is for the U.S. EPA to live 

15 up to the law and come up, when you review this, all 

16 the comments and review that, I think you need to come 

17 up to the realization that this is very important to 

18 the future of our country and, you know, just live up 

19 to what the law requires. 

20 Thank you. 

21 (Applause.) 

22 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you, Brian. 
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1 MR. BOWDISH: Good afternoon. My name is Nick 

2 Bowdish. I'm 30 years old, and thanks to the RFS, 

3 already in my career, I have helped develop successful 

4 ethanol projects, and I've managed a corn ethanol plant 

5 for 5 years. 

6 Today, I'm self-employed. I've worked with your 

7 agency, and particularly Aaron Levy, on more than a 

8 dozen Efficient Producer applications. And I work with 

9 Al's Corner Oil Company, which is an owner and operator 

10 of 27 Sinclair-branded Sparky's One Stop stores, 2 of 

11 which have dispensers of ethanol blends of E15, E30, 

12 and E85. 

13 I'm pretty fired up about this proposal. I 

14 disagree with your logic to implement the general 

15 waiver authority in Section 2(a)(2) based on your 

16 interpretation and subsequent defining of inadequate 

17 domestic supply, which you yourself have written as 

18 ambiguous. 

19 While your lawyers have certainly spent much time 

20 contemplating the terms and other like uses within the 

21 Clean Air Act, the cognizant choice EPA is making to 

22 include distribution capacity in that definition has 

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1 the flat-out result of remaining the status quo. I 

2 encourage you to retreat from the use of a general 

3 waiver authority and stick to the statute. 

4 You have stated in your proposal that your 

5 objective is to set these volume requirements as 

6 precisely as possible between a supply that is 

7 inadequate and a supply that is adequate and noted it's 

8 a challenging task. My advice to you gentlemen is get 

9 out of the way. Let the RIN-driven marketplace sort it 

10 out. 

11 In Section 2(d)(2) on page 33-129, you've stated 

12 that RIN prices are likely to be higher than historical 

13 levels based on your interpretation of striking this 

14 perfect balance. Take note. Immediately after your 

15 proposal was released, RIN prices dropped from 70 cents 

16 per gallon to less than half that. 

17 The RVOs are clearly too low. You spell out all 

18 the reasons in the proposal we want high RIN prices, 

19 but then you offer a proposal that does exactly the 

20 opposite. 

21 In Section 2(b)(2) on page 33-119, you've 

22 beautifully described what we do at Al's Corner Oil 

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1 Company. By lowering our effective purchase price of 

2 biofuels, which, in the end, takes the non law-abiding 

3 compliance payment from the obligated party and puts it 

4 in the pocket of the biofuel consumer at our retail 

5 station via cheaper prices than what would otherwise be 

6 possible. 

7 We see our blend rate across all gallons at about 

8 E17 with strong RIN prices. Since your proposal, and 

9 these RINs have dropped back, our price components, of 

10 course, have changed, and our blends are retreating 

11 closer to E10. We see the data every week. 

12 The elephant in the room is that there is a cost 

13 to transform the United States fuel market distribution 

14 from status quo today to a market that consumes fuels 

15 with lower greenhouse gas emissions. The statute 

16 placed the cost on obligated parties. This proposal 

17 audaciously removes that obligation and surrenders the 

18 entire statute to status quo. 

19 In closing, if you retreat from the use of a 

20 general waiver authority and stick to the statute, 

21 either obligated parties or small family-owned 

22 businesses like Al's Corner are going to transform that 

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1 distribution infrastructure. They simply need a clear 

2 signal of certainty from your agency and will 

3 accomplish it with a RIN-driven marketplace. 

4 Gentlemen, I have two proposals on my desk today 

5 to swap out two more of our convenience stores. This 

6 proposal has put us completely in paralysis. We need a 

7 clear signal from your agency, and we will spend the 

8 money and we will put in the infrastructure. We need 

9 the RIN price to be high. 

10 Thank you very much. 

11 (Applause.) 

12 MR. TAPP: Thank you for that testimony. Next? 

13 MR. KRAMER: Good afternoon. I'm Dave Kramer, a 

14 founding member of Sterling Ethanol, Yuma Ethanol, and 

15 Bridgeport Ethanol started in 2005. 

16 Before I want to talk about my ethanol plants, I 

17 thought it would be only appropriate to give you a 

18 little background about myself. I'm a farm kid from 

19 southern Minnesota. My mom and dad, born and raised in 

20 southern Minnesota. Born on a farm, we raised cattle 

21 and corn and soybeans. I graduated from high school in 

22 1979 and went to school at the University of Minnesota 
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1 for ag business. 

2 And in the '80s, going back to the family farm 

3 wasn't an option for me. Lucky enough, we were also 

4 DEKALB dealers. So I had inside information with a lot 

5 of DEKALB technology and traits being a kid from a 

6 dealer. So I got hired by DEKALB, transferred out to 

7 Colorado in '84, and worked with the farmers in eastern 

8 Colorado and western Nebraska for 22 years. 

9 In 2004, I came up with the brilliant idea with 

10 the RFS being talked about is to start an ethanol 

11 plant. I am the founding member, like I said, one of 

12 the owners. I have 26 of my closest friends that I 

13 work with, with DEKALB-Monsanto as large cattle 

14 feeders, as well as large corn farmers in eastern 

15 Colorado, western Nebraska. 

16 We produce approximately 160 million gallons of 

17 ethanol, produce 1.250 million tons of wet distillers 

18 grains for the cattle industry, and use approximately 

19 55 million bushel of corn. Our plants are ICM 

20 designed. They are one of the most efficient plants in 

21 the country. 

22 We do not dry any of our feed. Our feed is all 

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1 sold 100 percent wet. It all stays within a 50-mile 

2 radius. No corn leaves the area. No feed comes in the 

3 area. 

4 All our ethanol stays in the area. All of it goes 

5 to Denver. Ninety-five percent of it goes to Denver 

6 and eastern Colorado. 

7 We also produce 40 percent of our own electricity. 

8 I put high-speed turbines in, and they produce 40 

9 percent of our own electricity off of excess steam. So 

10 these plants are the most efficient plants in the 

11 country. 

12 Our CO2 is getting contracted to go into -- back 

13 into the ground for enhanced oil recovery on abandoned 

14 wells that were shut down years ago. So please, I 

15 urge, we have a self-contained system in eastern 

16 Colorado, western Nebraska where none of it leaves the 

17 marketplace. It's generating at least 5 to 10 cents a 

18 pound reduction in cost for animal feed. 

19 I call these more of feed mills than I do ethanol 

20 plants because we take a kernel of corn that has 12 

21 percent protein and 4 percent fat and give a product 

22 that has 33 percent protein and 12 percent fat. In 

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1 fact, we even took corn oil out of it to make a better 

2 feed product for the cattle industry because it was 

3 wasted oil in the feed. 

4 In addition to that, now we're selling corn oil to 

5 biodiesel, as well as the poultry industry. So I urge 

6 you to reconsider and stick to the RFS and move 

7 forward. 

8 Thanks. And thank you for letting this farm kid 

9 from southern Minnesota live the American dream. 

10 (Applause.) 

11 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

12 MR. ADAMS: Thank you. Can you hear me? 

13 I'm Rhett Adams. I'm a sales manager with The 

14 Andersons, Incorporated. 

15 The Andersons produces 375 million gallons of 

16 clean-burning, high-octane ethanol annually. We are 

17 also the largest marketer of blended E85 direct to 

18 retail stores in the United States. 

19 The calculated method EPA used to determine the 

20 2014 RVO was flawed in that there was a deduction of 

21 all exported ethanol from the total 2014 ethanol 

22 blended. In spite of the fact that there were 386 

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1 million gallons of undenatured ethanol that was 

2 exported will not retire RINs because the RINs are 

3 never generated in the first place for an undenatured 

4 ethanol shipment. 

5 The resulting understatement of the 2014 actual 

6 ethanol blending and its carry-forward effects on EPA's 

7 estimates for 2015 and '16 blend year requirements will 

8 have the effect of leaving the RVO significantly below 

9 the so-called blend wall. If it was the EPA's intent 

10 to stretch the blend wall beyond 10 percent but keep it 

11 to a manageable level, you have failed miserably. 

12 Proof that the proposed rule will not achieve the 

13 intended stretch of the blend wall can readily be seen 

14 in the price actions of RINs today. Immediately after 

15 the new proposed rulemaking announcement, RIN prices 

16 plunged to half their value held prior to the 

17 announcement and have only recovered modestly in the 

18 last couple of weeks. 

19 Earlier, I mentioned that we are a large marketer 

20 of E85 in the U.S. We blend ethanol with natural 

21 gasoline at each of our plants and deliver directly to 

22 retailers. Because we are the blender of record, we 
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1 detach the RINs and sell them to the obligated parties. 

2 The value of the RIN is deducted from our ethanol 

3 price so that we are able to offer E85 at a competitive 

4 price that is fully discounted to the consumer. 

5 Yesterday, our price of E85 direct to retailers was 

6 less than $1.25 per gallon. Prior to the announcement, 

7 we were offering it for 95 cents. 

8 All of that change is due to the decline in RIN 

9 prices. The decline of RIN prices has affected how 

10 competitively our priced offering is relative to 

11 gasoline. Expanding E85 is one achievable path around 

12 at least expanding the blend wall beyond 10 percent. 

13 Further, once retail stations have added E85, 

14 those that choose to do so can add E15 to their sales 

15 mix by blending E85 with E10. This is another way to 

16 surpass the blend wall. 

17 We also cannot comprehend why the EPA would want 

18 to encourage ethanol imports by raising the advanced 

19 biofuel RVO beyond our current domestic production 

20 capacity. Imported ethanol competes with domestically 

21 produced ethanol, yet requires additional 

22 transportation to get here. 

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1 Sugar ethanol is the exact same clean-burning, 

2 high-octane ethanol molecule as corn ethanol that we 

3 produce here in the United States. In addition, Brazil 

4 is set to establish a 12 percent import tariff on U.S. 

5 ethanol while we're encouraging imports from Brazil. 

6 Why would we want to move our energy dependence from 

7 the Middle East to South America is beyond 

8 comprehension. 

9 By keeping a low conventional ethanol RVO and an 

10 advanced biofuel RVO that is beyond our capacity to 

11 domestically produce, EPA has inflated D5 versus D6 RIN 

12 prices and created a market that has created a 

13 situation for sugarcane ethanol to be imported and 

14 force U.S. production capacity to slow or we're going 

15 to have to export the excess. 

16 Thank you. 

17 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you. 

18 Any questions? 

19 (No response.) 

20 MR. TAPP: No? Thank you. 

21 MR. HENGST: Thank you. 

22 MR. TAPP: So we're going to call Panel 33 up now 

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1 and going to proceed with Panel 35? 

2 MR. HENGST: Right. So after Panel 33, we're 

3 going to have folks -- a combination of folks who are 

4 on Panel 35 and Panel 37. So I'm going to, excuse me, 

5 read some names out. And if I call your name, please 

6 go over to the staging area. 

7 Carl Sitzmann, who I think testified already, Joe 

8 Kreutzer, Michael Erhart, Al Giese, Richard Hanson, 

9 Brian Baalman, and Derek Peine. 

10 Again, those are a combination of Panels 35 and 

11 37. Also I would like to ask if anyone who is 

12 currently scheduled to be on Panel 40 is, if you could 

13 raise your hand or stand up? This would -- Kris 

14 Johnson, Marilyn Barb, Marvin Oerke, Mevini Meister, 

15 Michael Alloway? 

16 No? Okay. I don't think we have anyone. 

17 MALE SPEAKER: I'm on 42. Are you getting to 

18 that? 

19 MR. HENGST: We're going to get to 42. It's just 

20 that we don't have anyone from Panel 40 here. So thank 

21 you. That's helpful. 

22 Okay. Sorry for the interruption, and please 

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1 proceed. Thank you. 

2 MR. VAN ROEKEL: Good afternoon, panel. Thank you 

3 for the opportunity to testify before you today. 

4 My name is Chris Van Roekel, and I'm a mechanical 

5 engineering graduate research assistant at the Engines 

6 and Energy Conversion Lab on the campus of Colorado 

7 State University. My research at the Engines and 

8 Energy Lab is focused on the feasibility and advantages 

9 of ethanol use in diesel engines. 

10 As you well know, the first bullet point in the 

11 EPA mission statement is to, and I quote, "ensure that 

12 all Americans are protected from significant risks to 

13 human health and the environment where they live, 

14 learn, and work." 

15 Motor vehicles, regardless of fuel, emit several 

16 pollutants that the EPA classifies as known or probable 

17 human carcinogens, such as benzene, formaldehyde, 

18 acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and particulate matter. 

19 In addition to this, motor vehicles also emit other air 

20 pollutants, such as nonmethane hydrocarbons, carbon 

21 monoxide, and nitric oxides. 

22 In numerous published peer-reviewed research 
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1 papers, too many to name here, plant-based renewable 

2 fuel, such as ethanol and biodiesel, have been shown to 

3 have a positive impact on vehicle emissions, especially 

4 in the emissions of particulate matter, benzene, and 

5 1,3-butadiene. Another positive aspect of plant-based 

6 fuels is their inherent carbon-neutral lifecycle. 

7 The U.S. Department of Energy published that, and 

8 I quote, "Carbon dioxide released when ethanol is 

9 burned is balanced by the carbon dioxide captured when 

10 the crops are grown to make ethanol. On a lifecycle 

11 analysis basis, corn-based ethanol production and use 

12 reduces greenhouse gas emissions by up to 52 percent, 

13 compared to the gasoline production and use." 

14 Regardless of market response or constraints, I 

15 ask you to consider taking ownership and fulfilling the 

16 first bullet point in your mission statement. I 

17 encourage you to lead by example and to be bold and 

18 ambitious in adhering to the mandates for renewable 

19 fuel used for 2015 and beyond. 

20 If your mission is to promote a healthier life for 

21 Americans and a cleaner environment, you will not just 

22 uphold the standards Congress set for renewable fuels 

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1 but will promote the use of E10 and beyond. 

2 Thank you. 

3 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you for your 

4 testimony. Next? 

5 MS. DIDION: Good afternoon. I'm Coral Didion, 

6 general counsel at Didion Milling and member of the 

7 Wisconsin Biofuels Association. I think I was called 

8 on a previous panel. So I apologize. 

9 I'm sure you've heard a lot about the food versus 

10 fuel argument, and today I'd like to talk about how 

11 food versus fuel is actually a misconception that we 

12 are diverting farm land and crops toward biofuel 

13 production to the detriment of the food supply. 

14 Didion Milling, where I work, is proof that that 

15 is a myth. Didion has been in business since 1972, 

16 producing cornmeal, flour, grits, and cones as food 

17 ingredients and food products. We are one of the 

18 largest U.S. producers of corn-soy blend, or CSB, for 

19 the World Food Program, which uses our products to feed 

20 the poorest children in the world. 

21 We're also an ethanol plant. Our ethanol plant 

22 uses the less desirable parts of corn that remain after 

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1 the milling process is complete. From those less 

2 desirable parts, we create ethanol and the dried 

3 distillers grains, which is a high-protein animal feed. 

4 We create food, feed, and biofuel. No farm land 

5 is ever used solely for biofuel production. At Didion, 

6 it isn't food versus fuel. It's food and fuel. 

7 In a very real sense, our ethanol production 

8 directly supports the global feeding program. It 

9 allows us to provide a better price to the USDA, AID, 

10 and the World Food Program. 

11 Without the RFS to support ethanol use, we could 

12 not continue to produce our ethanol, and the price of 

13 our food products would increase, including the price 

14 of the CSB that we send overseas to feed the hungry 

15 children. The RFS allows us to send aid to more 

16 children with the same amount of appropriated dollars. 

17 We support the RFS also because it represents a 

18 good energy policy for America. It's moving us toward 

19 energy independence, which we can all agree is vital. 

20 The RFS is also good food policy. It helps Didion 

21 provide the best possible price to those who rely on 

22 our food ingredients and products, and the RFS is good 

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1 job policy. Together, ethanol plants like ours have 

2 created hundreds of thousands of jobs, many in 

3 otherwise forgotten or overlooked rural communities. 

4 The proposed guidelines will undermine all of the 

5 positive achievements, progress, and humanitarian 

6 efforts Didion has worked so hard to build over the 

7 past 43 years. We have invested and worked hard, based 

8 on the promise that the EPA would fulfill the goals of 

9 the RFS through 2022. 

10 On behalf of Didion and the Wisconsin Biofuels 

11 Association, our workers, vendors, suppliers, and the 

12 thousands of corn growers who continually produce 

13 higher yields of corn with less inputs, we respectfully 

14 ask that the EPA reconsider the recent proposed rule 

15 and reinstate Congress' requirements for renewable 

16 fuels before the damage is done. 

17 Thank you. 

18 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you. Next? 

19 MR. BERTELS: Good afternoon. My name is Paul 

20 Bertels, and I'm a fifth-generation farmer from Dorsey, 

21 Illinois. 

22 Like many small farmers, I took off-farm 
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1 employment as an economist to support my passion in 

2 life, farming. Today, you've heard many of my friends 

3 and peers explain the importance of RFS and the dire 

4 consequences that your decisions hold. I'll spare you 

5 a repeat of those points. 

6 However, you may note a tone of sarcasm in my 

7 comments. I believe it is well placed because of EPA's 

8 disregard for the law and the environment. 

9 I believe your proposed reduction in the RVO, 

10 especially conventional volumes, not only violates the 

11 intent of the RFS but is a violation of the statute. 

12 Your justification of inadequate domestic supply is, at 

13 best, the height of creative economics. 

14 It baffles me how you can confuse demand, over 

15 which you have no statutory waiver authority, with 

16 supply. Perhaps "creative" is an appropriate term for 

17 EPA's actions. 

18 As you have heard several times even on the last 

19 panel, you miscalculated export volumes by nearly 400 

20 million gallons, unnecessarily lowering the 

21 conventional RVO. I guess that's creative math. 

22 Now your NPRM for 2014 is nearly 2 years late. I 

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1 guess that's creative timekeeping. 

2 As farmers, your creativity has put us in an 

3 awkward position. First, your refusal to allow the RFS 

4 to work as designed does not incentivize the petroleum 

5 industry to invest in infrastructure, offer higher 

6 blends, or accurately price biofuels. Okay, since you 

7 won't let the law work, farmers have and will invest 

8 millions of dollars with the ethanol industry in 

9 infrastructure. 

10 Frankly, almost every problem with the renewable 

11 fuels can be resolved by the EPA. I urge you to return 

12 the RVO, especially the conventional biofuels, back to 

13 the statutory level and grant E15 the 1-pound RVP 

14 waiver so we can move those volumes forward. You have 

15 that statutory authority. 

16 Now lest I leave you on a sour note, I do admire 

17 your ability to sit for hours on end. 

18 (Laughter.) 

19 MR. BERTELS: And please tell your colleagues this 

20 morning I saw a monarch butterfly over by the bank 

21 building. 

22 Thank you. 

Page 352

1 MR. TAPP: All right, thanks. 

2 (Applause.) 

3 MR. BEEMER: Good afternoon, EPA panel. My name 

4 is Mark Beemer. I live in Overland Park, Kansas. So I 

5 hope while you are here, you get some of the great 

6 Kansas City barbecue that this place has to offer. 

7 I am the chief executive officer of Aventine 

8 Renewable Energy. We produce about 320 million gallons 

9 of ethanol production located in both Pekin, Illinois, 

10 near Peoria, and two plants in Aurora, Nebraska. 

11 Since I last testified at the last -- at the 

12 February of 2014 previous EPA hearing, our company has 

13 delivered on all of our promises. We opened two 

14 ethanol plants that I had discussed at that time, 

15 located in the small town of Aurora, Nebraska. We have 

16 been providing 85 new jobs to that small town of 1,500, 

17 along with a payroll of $5.4 million, in addition to 

18 our $13.5 million of payroll in Pekin, Illinois. 

19 We're purchasing over $200 million of corn in 

20 Aurora, Nebraska, from co-ops and local farmers. And 

21 we've spent $25 million in capital expenditures for new 

22 rail, new rail ties, new grain bins, new corn oil 

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1 facilities, and things like that to produce out in 

2 Aurora 160 million gallons of renewable ethanol and 

3 also corn oil. 

4 All actions have consequences. I would like to 

5 discuss three important aspects and impacts resulting 

6 from EPA's recent ruling. First, the obvious one is 

7 the EPA ruling resulted in ethanol demand destruction 

8 of a billion gallons a year. So the ruling, right off 

9 the top, a billion gallons is erased in terms of the 

10 mandate. 

11 Second, the EPA's recent ruling is causing a 

12 market distortion in RIN pricing by reducing the value 

13 of the D6 RIN by 30 cents per gallon in the commercial 

14 ethanol markets. Or in other terms, the unintended 

15 consequences have resulted in a 30-cent per gallon 

16 subsidy, subsidy to import ethanol gallons into the 

17 United States. 

18 Simply put, the EPA ruling has caused additional 

19 demand destruction because of the ethanol imports. And 

20 for example, I would say, mention to you that on 

21 Tuesday of this week, a boat was procured to ship 

22 ethanol from South America into the Port of Tampa for 
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1 late July arrival. 

2 A third consequence is because of the price of the 

3 D6 RINs has been reduced by 30 cents a gallon, the 

4 market is now disincentivizing blender pumps whereby 

5 higher rates of E15, E20 of ethanol are blended. All 

6 of these are examples of the immediate unintended 

7 consequences of the recent EPA decision. 

8 Finally, another major consequence beyond demand 

9 destruction is capital investment. Why would capital 

10 markets ever invest additional dollars in renewable 

11 energy in the United States of America? Why would they 

12 ever do this? 

13 There has been $50 billion spent in ethanol for 15 

14 billion gallons of new production, and all of a sudden, 

15 the EPA is changing the rules of the game. The United 

16 States ethanol policy is the most, single most 

17 successful renewable energy program in the world in 

18 scope and in size and in everything else. Yet the EPA 

19 must not like the success because they've demonstrated 

20 the actions and are reducing actual physical demand for 

21 ethanol. 

22 I hope the EPA will reconsider its recent ruling, 

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1 quit acting like a rogue agency, and follow Congress' 

2 original intent of the laws of the 2007 Energy Security 

3 Act. 

4 Thank you. 

5 (Applause.) 

6 MR. TAPP: Thanks for your testimony. 

7 Will the next panel please come up, and for the 

8 new staged panel? 

9 MR. HENGST: I think, just so folks know, this is 

10 the last panel we'll have in this room, and then for 

11 all subsequent panels, we're going to go over to Room 

12 Number 1. But we would like this panel to come forth 

13 and testify. 

14 (Pause.) 

15 MR. TAPP: Okay. Please proceed. 

16 MR. BAALMAN: I'm Brian Baalman. I'm a farmer 

17 from northwest Kansas. I'm a past president of the 

18 Kansas Corn Growers of about 6 years. 

19 I'm a member of the -- board member of Western 

20 Plains Energy, a 50 million gallon ethanol plant out 

21 there at Oakley, Kansas, and I have probably about a $3 

22 million investment in about 7 ethanol plants in Kansas 

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1 and one in Missouri. And when I did that, I don't know 

2 why I did it, but it was at that time a value-added 

3 incentive for me. 

4 I survived through the '70s in there, and we had 

5 the low prices, and it was all about adding value. And 

6 I was presented at a meeting down in Texas one night 

7 about adding value through an ethanol venture and saw a 

8 canceled check or a check that went through of an 

9 investor, and he was relating them dollars back to the 

10 bushels he produced. 

11 It was a return on his investment, and that made 

12 me come home and got with the banker who's a good 

13 friend of mine there, and we started this ethanol plant 

14 at Oakley, Kansas, and it's been a significant boon for 

15 our area. And also from that, it's been running 

16 probably 10, 11 years now. It's been a boon. 

17 I mean, you just can't imagine what it does for a 

18 community, and what it does for the jobs and the 

19 everything from there. I've become invested, as I 

20 always was, in cattle feeding. And I have probably 

21 about 50,000 head of cattle and 4 feedyards in western 

22 Kansas, and this takes a significant investment also. 

Page 357

1 We're a large user of distillers grains, and I see 

2 the benefit of that, and I'd like to address that, you 

3 know, I've lived through $7 corn, $8 corn. And when 

4 that comes around, you know, we get our heads together 

5 and we look how we cannot use that high-priced grain. 

6 And we fed potatoes. We'd grind potatoes and feed 

7 potatoes, and we reduce a ration that has corn it. But 

8 we got by, and we made it. And we're here today, and 

9 we're still going forward. 

10 And now we're looking at this subpar $3 corn, 

11 below $4 corn, and I'm around a lot of individuals 

12 around that probably are wondering how they're going to 

13 take care of their mortgage payment and what not. And 

14 it isn't good. 

15 And the RFS was intended for this 15 billion 

16 gallons of ethanol, and what always scratched my head 

17 is why it was capped. I think we ought to be looking 

18 at that, why we capped ourselves with corn. 

19 And I think, looking at the rations that we do 

20 with the corn and with the cattle, I think you ought to 

21 look at the ration the oil companies do, how they 

22 design and build a gallon of gas and what them 
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1 carcinogens are in that gallon of gas and what ethanol 

2 does when it's added into there. I'd like to see some 

3 competent investigation of that. 

4 Because it allows these oil refiners to use stuff 

5 that isn't good and is of cheap, no good value, and 

6 it's no good for, I believe, for us environmentally 

7 whatsoever, and it's derived from ethanol being able to 

8 be put into that gas. And that's me, and that's what 

9 I've said. 

10 So thank you. 

11 MR. TAPP: Okay, thanks, Brian. Appreciate your 

12 testimony. Next? 

13 MR. PEINE: My name is Derek Peine, and I'm proud 

14 to represent Western Plains Energy today and appreciate 

15 the opportunity to speak with you all. 

16 I've been involved in this industry before -- 

17 since before the original RFS was enacted, and I 

18 believe that the RFS has been the single most 

19 successful energy policy in my lifetime. It has 

20 boosted agriculture, created jobs in rural America, 

21 improved our air quality, improved our environment, and 

22 has improved our national security. 

Page 359

1 However, I believe that the proposed rule is 

2 sending our country backwards and jeopardizing these 

3 accomplishments. Congress enacted the RFS with two 

4 main objectives. First, to move the United States 

5 toward greater energy independence and security. And 

6 second, to increase the production of clean, renewable 

7 fuels. 

8 By reducing the obligated volumes for corn-based 

9 ethanol, the EPA is choosing to reduce our energy 

10 independence and security. And respectfully, I believe 

11 that this decision is not within EPA's authority. 

12 Within the RFS, Congress provided EPA with waiver 

13 authority under two circumstances. First, if there's 

14 inadequate domestic supply, and second, if the 

15 obligated volumes would cause severe economic harm. 

16 With regards to the corn-based ethanol, I think 

17 it's completely undeniable that we have more than 

18 enough adequate domestic supply. Today, we're 

19 producing in excess of 15 billion gallons of ethanol, 

20 with close to 1 billion gallons being exported. So I 

21 don't see how anyone can interpret a lack of domestic 

22 supply. 

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1 EPA's provided rationale for reducing the 

2 requirement was in part due to lack of infrastructure 

3 for E15 and higher blends. The waiver authority 

4 granted to the EPA had nothing to do with 

5 infrastructure. It was only provided for inadequate 

6 domestic supply, and again, respectfully, I believe 

7 this is an overreach with the EPA. The free market and 

8 consumers should decide what infrastructure is and is 

9 not needed, not the EPA. 

10 On the second point of severe economic harm, 

11 within the proposed rule, the EPA cited that some 

12 petitioners claimed that if they didn't reduce the 

13 volume obligations that there would be gasoline 

14 shortages. I guess someone envisioned a return to the 

15 gas lines of the '70s. I'm not sure if EPA really 

16 believes this, but I was somewhat stunned to see that 

17 printed in a Federal document. 

18 So, in closing, I ask that you reconsider your 

19 proposal in regards to the D6 volumes. I urge you to 

20 follow through on what Congress intended by maintaining 

21 the mandated volumes, let the free market decide what 

22 fuels and what infrastructure is needed, and most of 

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1 all, follow the stated mission -- the stated mission of 

2 the EPA of protecting the environment by holding the 

3 obligated parties accountable to the required volumes. 

4 Thank you for the opportunity to share my 

5 perspective. 

6 MR. TAPP: Thank you, Derek. Next? 

7 MR. KREUTZER: Hello. My name is Joe Kreutzer, 

8 and I work in an ethanol plant in Phillipsburg, Kansas. 

9 To say the renewable fuel standard has positively 

10 impacted me is a slight understatement. 

11 MR. TAPP: Joe, can you move the microphone a 

12 little closer? Thanks. 

13 MR. KREUTZER: Along with 400,000 other American 

14 citizens, it has not only given me a job, but a career 

15 I can be proud of. Every day I get to go to work 

16 knowing that the product I produce is making for a 

17 better America that our children, grandchildren, and 

18 generations after can enjoy. 

19 Living in a rural community all my life and seeing 

20 farmers struggle with low crop price and depending on 

21 Government subsidies to survive, I see the positive 

22 impact the RFS and ethanol has had on them. Ethanol 
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1 has given the farmer a reliably consistent buyer for 

2 their crop. 

3 Fuels America estimates that the RFS has saved 

4 taxpayers about $10 billion per year by reducing the 

5 need for farm program payments. Ask any farmer, and 

6 I'm sure they will tell you they would rather sell 

7 their crop and make it on their own than depend on 

8 Government subsidies. 

9 I also see the benefit to our environment and air 

10 quality we breathe. Studies have shown that when 

11 ethanol is blended and used to replace the octane 

12 enhancers currently used in our fuels, you have a 

13 cleaner-burning fuel that could, if fully implemented, 

14 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 138 million metric 

15 tons. This is the equivalent of taking 27 million cars 

16 off the road. 

17 If we don't reverse the trend of tailpipe 

18 pollution, I envision the United States just like 

19 Beijing, and my great-grandchildren have to put on a 

20 mask every time they go outside. 

21 The RFS has also given consumers a benefit at the 

22 pump. Ethanol on average sells for 52 cents cheaper 

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1 than gasoline. It's pretty simple economics that 

2 ethanol is a cheaper, more affordable fuel than 

3 conventional gasoline. 

4 The most important benefit to me is our reduced 

5 dependency on foreign oil. We count on unstable oil6 producing nations for our oil supply. Many wars have 

7 been fought, trillions of dollars spent, and countless 

8 lives affected by these wars to ensure the flow of 

9 foreign oil to the United States. 

10 I've been very fortunate not to lose a friend or 

11 family member to one of these wars, but many people 

12 have. I have, however, seen friends come back to these 

13 wars very different than when they left. To see a 

14 friend struggle with PTSD, depression, anger, and drug 

15 and alcohol addiction as a result of these wars angers 

16 me and is unnecessary. If the RFS was implemented the 

17 way it was designed, we would not have to fight these 

18 wars. 

19 EPA's decision of reducing the blending 

20 requirement of the RFS has given big oil a pass on 

21 their requirement. Farmers have responded by growing 

22 enough grain. The renewable industry has responded by 

Page 364

1 producing the fuel, and consumers have responded by 

2 wanting the fuel. 

3 Unfortunately, big oil has responded by outright 

4 blocking access to fuel levels above 10 percent by not 

5 allowing over 50 percent of the fueling stations they 

6 control to carry E15 or higher blends. EPA is allowing 

7 big oil to set the blending requirements and allowing 

8 them to maintain a monopoly on our fuel supply that 

9 only benefits them and their record profits. 

10 Thank you for your time. 

11 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you, Joe, for your 

12 testimony. 

13 Next? 

14 MR. ERHART: Good afternoon, gentlemen. I am Mike 

15 Erhart, chief executive office of a biorefinery in 

16 Phillips -- Phillipsburg, Kansas. It's called Prairie 

17 Horizon Agri-Energy. 

18 My company has 305 local investors, employs 35 

19 skilled laborers. We purchase 15 million bushels of 

20 grain from area farmers and generates hundreds of jobs 

21 from businesses that we do -- that we do business with, 

22 outside vendors. 

Page 365

1 In the beginning, investors were told about the 

2 RFS and the law that it was intended and as it was 

3 intended to carry out. Never did I dream that the EPA 

4 would interfere with the intent of the law restricting 

5 access to the market for ethanol and the poor service -

6 - and the poor science provided and sponsored by oil 

7 refineries. The EPA has become a tool for the oil 

8 companies to use to protect their monopoly over 

9 customers. 

10 When I was a kid growing up, I believed in the 

11 basic philosophy that our environment was being 

12 protected by an agency that would use solid, 

13 unadulterated science to make good policy decisions for 

14 the future. I knew as a child that it would take well15 educated scientists and professionals to evaluate the 

16 differences between special interests, altered science, 

17 and solid science principles. 

18 Then I began to see this great agency become 

19 corrupted by the "follow the money" mentality adopted 

20 by Washington politics. It has become clear that our 

21 environmental future is being bought for the financial 

22 gains of a few. 
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93 (Pages 366 to 369)

Page 366

1 Congress designed the RFS to encourage investment 

2 in renewable fuel. The green energy revolution that 

3 would help reduce our country's dependency on foreign 

4 oil and create clean octane fuel to enhance gasoline 

5 performance has been very well demonstrated by one of 

6 our nation's great sports, NASCAR. 

7 These cars run on E15 in the harshest of operating 

8 conditions without failure due to the inclusion of 15 

9 percent ethanol. So with such a harmful fuel as 

10 claimed by big oil, how come it works so well with 

11 NASCAR? 

12 Congress did give EPA authority to reduce RFS base 

13 to perceive infrastructure and distribution capacity 

14 concerns. The law only allows EPA the RFS due to lack 

15 of domestic supply of renewable fuels and if it's 

16 proven that the RFS causes economic harm. Neither of 

17 these conditions exist today. 

18 The economic boost to the farming community has 

19 been tremendous. Grocery lobbyists will contend that 

20 prices of food have skyrocketed because of these 

21 benefits to farm communities, which, in fact, the 

22 majority of the increase has come from fuel prices for 

Page 367

1 transportation and labor costs from producers -- for 

2 processors. 

3 I would encourage the EPA to look at who supports 

4 the lobbyists, follow the money, and you will see big 

5 oil contributing to these efforts in an attempt to 

6 muddy the waters and the real issue of better, cleaner 

7 fuel for American people. 

8 Thank you. 

9 MR. TAPP: All right. Thank you for your 

10 testimony. Next? 

11 MR. LANIER: Hi. My name is Jim Lanier, and I'm a 

12 significant investor in Prairie Horizon Agri-Energy in 

13 Phillipsburg, Kansas. Also a recently retired behavior 

14 consultant for 11 public schools up in north central 

15 Kansas, and right now what I do is I'm an entrepreneur 

16 and I also serve as the chairman of Phillips County 

17 Economic Development Council. 

18 I'd like to welcome you to Kansas. I know it's 

19 hot out, but it's that time of the year. 

20 Okay, as a significant investor and one of the 

21 original investors in Prairie Horizon, I've seen the 

22 dramatic impact that ethanol production has had on our 

Page 368

1 local economy. While other counties and communities 

2 that surround us have struggled, we've actually been 

3 able to bring back a lot of young folks into our 

4 communities that may have been lost. I also have seen 

5 that we provide jobs to folks that probably weren't 

6 going to leave our community. So we've raised their 

7 standard of living. 

8 And one of the things that I'm doing right now is 

9 I'm building a hotel in Phillipsburg, and one of the 

10 reasons we made the decision, my partners and I made a 

11 decision to build a hotel in Phillipsburg was because 

12 of our ethanol plant and its vitality and viability. 

13 So we're actually having a lot of economic success and 

14 seeing a boom in economic success in our county, or in 

15 Phillipsburg. 

16 I travel extensively in my business activities, as 

17 well as going to visit family members throughout the 

18 State of Kansas and the region. But I'm growing 

19 frustrated because I can't find an E85 pump, all right? 

20 And I never have -- most of the gas stations never 

21 have a mid-level pump to fill up my vehicle, and only 

22 the independents get to take this on. 

Page 369

1 So I give my business to the independents whenever 

2 I can. But in many cases, this is becoming more 

3 frustrating because major oil has the best spots, and 

4 they're not participating by giving us or giving 

5 myself, as a consumer, the ability to fill up with mid6 level or E85. 

7 Ethanol, the ethanol industry is not demanding 

8 anything other than the ability to provide a choice for 

9 the consumer to decide what they might want to use. 

10 Major oil has done everything that they can not to 

11 allow that choice to occur. 

12 Prairie Horizon has started the process of 

13 becoming a full-fledged biorefinery, not only an 

14 ethanol plant. Not only do we provide ethanol, but we 

15 are capturing corn oil and selling DDGs to local 

16 feedlots and cattlemen in the area. 

17 As an entrepreneur and former educator, things 

18 that I've learned and I taught kids was that we had to 

19 start following the rules. I don't see big oil having 

20 to follow the rules. 

21 So thanks for listening to my comments. I fully 

22 expect that you all, the EPA, to obey the law as 
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

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94 (Pages 370 to 373)

Page 370

1 written and make sure that big oil does not have a free 

2 pass. 

3 MR. TAPP: Okay. Thank you, Jim. Thanks for your 

4 comments. Next? 

5 MR. HANSON: Good afternoon. I'm Rich Hanson. 

6 I'm general manager at Show Me Ethanol in Carrollton, 

7 Missouri. I employ about 40 employees there, but 

8 impact obviously, as everyone has stated throughout the 

9 day, the local economy. 

10 Most every ethanol plant is based in a small 

11 community, and I think we can probably all see the 

12 growth in the communities that the ethanol plants are 

13 based in versus those that didn't or don't have an 

14 ethanol plant close by. 

15 I had a lot of things written, but everybody has 

16 said it all today. So I am not going to reiterate what 

17 everyone else has said, but I think we all just really 

18 want EPA to consider the actions, the rulings, the laws 

19 that will do nothing but hinder growth in the rural 

20 economies. 

21 And the rural communities of the United States are 

22 really the backbone of the U.S., and the farmers and 

Page 371

1 the agricultural workers are the ones who really have 

2 made this country what it is. 

3 So I thank you for the time. I didn't take near 

4 my 3 minutes, but it's late in the afternoon. Everyone 

5 else has said it all. So I just ask that you all 

6 consider that. 

7 MR. TAPP: Okay, Rich. Thank you for your 

8 testimony. 

9 MR. GIESE: Likewise, it's late in the day. I'll 

10 keep this short, take a little bit different approach. 

11 I represent Quad County Corn Processors out of 

12 Galva, Iowa. I'm an investor and board member. I have 

13 over 40 years of experience in production agriculture 

14 and ag business. 

15 Quad County was formed in 2000 by local investors 

16 to add value to corn and produce ethanol and feed. 

17 What's different about Quad is that in 2009, Quad 

18 employees invented a way to produce cellulosic ethanol 

19 from the corn kernel fiber. This innovation was 

20 partially driven by the 2007 RFS2, and we believed that 

21 that would assure us a market for any gallons of 

22 cellulosic ethanol that we produced. 

Page 372

1 On July 1, 2014, Quad produced its first 

2 cellulosic ethanol gallon. In October, we generated 

3 our first D3 RIN and became QAP certified. 

4 We are the first commercial production facility in 

5 the U.S. to steadily produce cellulosic ethanol each 

6 day, and we've currently made over 1.6 million of D3 

7 RINs. In fact, we're the first commercial-scale 

8 facility in the world to make cellulosic ethanol from 

9 corn kernel fiber. 

10 Our patented process is now trademarked as 

11 Cellerate. And if it is adopted across the industry in 

12 the years ahead of us, it is capable of creating over 2 

13 billion gallons of cellulosic ethanol without using one 

14 additional kernel of corn. This technology is the 

15 perfect example of the synergies between first- and 

16 second-generation ethanol and underscores why you can't 

17 have one without the other. 

18 The message that I want to leave is three simple 

19 points. The RFS was well designed and continues to 

20 accomplish its intent. It will continue to work if 

21 EPA, number one, sets the RVO targets where the 

22 legislation was intended. 

Page 373

1 Number two, require obligated parties to blend 

2 more than 10 percent ethanol, as the RFS intended. 

3 There really is no blend wall, but rather a fabricated 

4 excuse by the obligated parties to not comply with the 

5 law. 

6 And third and last, limit the issuance of 

7 cellulosic waiver credits. Waiver credits were only 

8 intended to offset any shortfall in cellulosic biofuel 

9 production in a compliance year. 

10 Quad invested over 5 years of research and $9 

11 million of capital, negotiated a contract with an 

12 international company to help license and implement 

13 Cellerate technology in the North American ethanol 

14 industry. The commitment, investment, and vision 

15 simply would not have occurred without the RFS. 

16 Companies like ours have taken significant risk 

17 and made major investments because of the RFS. 

18 Enforcing the law ensures that the first movers and 

19 innovators are appropriately rewarded for 

20 commercializing new technologies. Please do not reward 

21 obligated parties for ignoring the law and making 

22 excuses for noncompliance. 
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95 (Pages 374 to 375)

Page 374

1 Please act now to raise the RVOs for 2014, '15, 

2 and '16 to the statutory levels. Act now to only issue 

3 CWC waivers for gallons not produced each year so 

4 obligated parties must purchase the physical gallons. 

5 Innovations like Cellerate will be adopted more rapidly 

6 once the law is followed and certainty is established 

7 for the industry. 

8 Thank you. 

9 MR. TAPP: Thank you. 

10 (Applause.) 

11 MR. TAPP: Yeah. So thank you very much to the 

12 folks on the panel for coming over here and being 

13 flexible and testifying in this room, and thanks to all 

14 the folks that traveled to Kansas City to provide their 

15 testimony today. You also have a chance to provide 

16 your testimony or additional comments in writing. 

17 And again, as we pointed out earlier, there are 

18 pieces of paper on the desks out there. If you feel 

19 like you didn't get a chance to provide all of your 

20 comments today, we'd be happy to take those in writing. 

21 MR. HENGST: All right. The overall hearing has 

22 not been adjourned. I believe they are still going in 

Page 375

1 Room 1, but we are going to conclude the day here in 

2 Room 2. So if there is anyone in this audience here 

3 who is waiting to get your turn to testify, you should 

4 go over to Room 1 or to the registration desk, and 

5 they'll make sure you get set up. 

6 But thanks, everyone, for your time, and again, 

7 thank you to folks who stuck it out to the end of the 

8 day. 

9 Thank you. 

10 (Applause.) 

11 (Whereupon, at 6:00 p.m., the hearing was 

12 adjourned.) 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

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343:7 348:18

353:22 354:11

358:20 361:17

362:3

american 20:5

21:1 24:11

32:3 34:8

38:20 48:3

49:5,21 78:18

91:10 96:14,15

96:16,16,19

148:8,12 153:8

154:14 164:18

167:22 172:13

186:17 189:12

192:17 197:20

223:17 224:10

230:19 232:6

232:10 235:6

235:11 243:11

246:17 273:19

281:14 287:6

289:19 290:9

291:8 296:21

298:2 301:6

304:10 305:9

306:9 317:2

321:17 328:21

329:6,19 340:9

361:13 367:7

373:13

americanbound

215:19

americanmade

35:16 48:5

192:16

americanprod...

72:11

americans 79:2

176:6 196:14

228:3 264:3

300:2,5,22

305:15 329:11

329:13 345:12

346:21

americas 20:22

26:12 36:21

50:8 62:15

229:21 273:10

308:16 329:15

ammann 8:12

272:11 295:18

295:18

amount 24:3

37:8 74:13

77:3,15,16

79:7 82:2 83:1

92:16 110:1

164:7 183:7

186:1 192:16

250:21 297:6

306:22 308:11
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 379

313:20 321:22

348:16

amounted 92:7

amounts 27:10

187:8 201:15

310:21

ample 33:14

275:3

amy 223:2

analysis 13:1

14:14 42:3

67:3 68:3,13

135:22 210:7,8

346:11

analytical 210:9

analyze 41:16

analyzing

210:14

ancestors 301:7

ancillary 35:14

anderson 3:20

56:12 89:5,6

andersons

340:14,15

angeles 270:18

anger 233:21

363:14

angers 363:15

angry 190:19

animal 26:1

41:12 43:17

171:8 190:14

193:10 236:20

260:15,17

261:5 339:18

348:3

animals 176:3

ankeny 223:8

annawan 90:8

announced 44:2

85:11 294:6

announcement

161:15 162:6

165:7 212:19

272:4 341:15

341:17 342:6

announcements

135:4

announcing

132:21

annual 57:20

61:8 90:10

120:17 150:7

153:8 161:4

163:12 173:7

242:8 318:3

321:4

annualized

216:2

annually 36:4

60:13,22 98:20

158:12 242:3

340:16

answer 21:2

22:22 47:5

72:14 95:20

97:18 150:19

230:21 252:7

280:1

answered

246:18 281:14

296:9

anthony 6:22

203:1 231:13

anti 329:10

antibiotics

295:22

anticipated 30:1

130:10 200:4

antifarmer

306:18 307:1

antisocial

329:10

antithetical

329:17

anybody 248:16

anyway 180:7

254:19 291:13

292:2 320:21

apart 198:8

api 20:5,20

22:10

apis 20:7

apologize 347:8

apparatus 119:2

appear 106:3

260:7 299:5

applaud 129:19

197:14 326:12

applauds 39:8

287:3 289:16

applause 119:20

199:5 283:16

287:9 289:22

292:7 306:14

309:5 312:10

314:12 317:15

320:9 322:22

326:5 330:10

333:21 337:11

340:10 352:2

355:5 374:10

375:10

apple 148:7

applicable 14:9

14:11 130:11

136:20

application

319:12

applications

55:18 161:7

162:16 258:20

261:10 293:3

334:8

apply 17:8,12

196:7

appreciate

38:11 63:10,11

63:14 65:22

77:5 81:18

86:4 92:15

105:18 124:18

147:19 148:17

173:19 208:15

220:16 228:21

287:4 301:12

358:11,14

appreciates

38:13

appreciating

294:9

appreciation

138:10 271:10

appreciative

221:2

approach 23:7,9

24:15,19 39:16

135:3 208:19

300:7 311:19

371:10

approaching

129:3 130:20

appropriate

15:10 22:15

209:22 319:22

337:17 350:16

appropriated

348:16

appropriately

209:10 220:19

222:9 298:17

373:19

approval 54:22

55:1 70:2

200:6

approvals 55:2

approve 74:22

approved 32:16

53:10 321:6

approximately

60:12,16 76:22

77:20 82:5

98:21 106:10

146:1 148:14

151:5 174:20

266:22 323:7

338:16,18

april 139:16

184:8 280:6

320:22

arbitrarily

147:14

arbitrary 93:7

229:5

arc 280:14

area 11:6,10

18:13 35:11

37:20 56:10

76:1 77:5

95:11 106:7

109:16 118:12

123:10 126:5

128:6,12,17

141:15 168:13

170:15 177:22

178:9 185:10

201:6 203:1

207:3 223:1

224:4 235:16

235:18 243:18

248:5 258:5

261:21 262:4

262:22 267:15

272:3,12

274:22 290:13

292:9 303:5,10

309:8 315:11

326:7 339:2,3

339:4 344:6

356:15 364:20

369:16

areas 176:7

178:3 189:4,4

224:12 237:8

239:9 331:14

arent 27:3 95:19

194:22 326:10

argentina 49:15

215:11 259:22

argentine

212:19,21,22

260:2

argentineprod...

221:20

argonne 300:11
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 380

arguably 82:2

argued 80:6

argument 74:16

86:21 166:14

347:10

arguments

183:9

argyropoulos

2:4 11:2 13:13

19:3 23:1

37:19 56:9

75:19 86:2

94:10 109:15

124:19 125:5

127:12 130:13

141:7 157:10

170:13 185:6

202:4,21

206:11 222:16

222:21 261:22

266:19 272:4

283:17 292:10

292:14 309:9

309:14 326:8

arising 240:12

arm 199:9 203:8

army 189:16

aromatic 159:13

arrangement

116:14

arrival 354:1

arriving 260:3

artfully 131:19

article 154:20

artificially 25:2

234:12

ascs 279:21

asecertified

95:14

asked 61:18,19

61:21 71:21

104:18 118:17

119:2,11,17

126:21 192:15

218:10 232:6

279:22 281:15

291:3

asking 49:11

112:21 133:6

151:21 218:3

226:22 240:14

242:20 249:3

268:17 329:18

asks 288:18

aspect 346:5

aspects 12:20

43:9 259:6

353:5

aspirational

20:19

aspirations

231:22

assays 149:20

assessment

67:10 139:16

assessments

14:7

asset 149:3

assets 250:6,15

assist 144:6

assistance 45:6

assistant 345:5

associate 13:10

31:19

associated

218:19

association 20:6

25:14 34:19

37:6 60:8,9

66:13 69:20

72:21 76:14

79:14 83:5

86:10,13 89:10

106:9 145:11

145:12 149:14

154:21 182:14

223:17,18

228:9 347:7

349:11

associations

76:15 79:15

173:18

assume 21:9

155:21 195:15

assurance 263:6

assure 192:9

371:21

asthma 150:13

atmosphere

36:3 234:14

attached 322:12

attempt 131:15

221:11 367:5

attempted 141:2

attempts 92:15

276:9

attending 18:21

83:8

attention 59:2

184:5 193:1

213:11 261:17

299:17 312:8

326:2

attorney 63:15

122:13 158:22

280:7

attributes 198:8

audaciously

336:17

audience 18:17

19:18 375:2

audio 180:2

august 138:19

250:2

aura 282:3

aurora 352:10

352:15,20

353:2

austin 7:19

243:20 262:7

authorities

14:18 20:21

22:19

authority 14:2

20:18 65:18

84:9 134:1,17

282:6 310:17

318:12 319:11

334:15 335:3

336:20 350:15

351:15 359:11

359:13 360:3

366:12

authorized 59:4

310:18

authors 271:13

auto 95:14,14

103:22

automaker 53:3

automakers

21:16 195:14

automobiles

245:3 278:18

auxiliary 54:9

54:15

availability

70:17 73:13

75:8 82:4

137:8 229:8

251:14 316:15

available 14:6

70:4,6 71:19

72:4 136:22

144:8 154:3

166:18 187:11

206:16 212:22

226:12 241:14

253:8 260:22

290:16 297:11

301:2 325:12

aventine 352:7

avenue 1:21

average 74:3,5,7

74:10 123:8

155:1 176:12

213:10 217:2

241:22 263:12

302:22 315:12

319:9 362:22

averaged 42:16

270:8

averages 270:9

averhoff 3:16

56:11 76:7,7

avoid 20:21

22:15 65:5

awaits 136:13

awarded 59:3,7

aware 152:15,22

207:7 212:11

awkward 351:3

axtell 168:4

B

b 335:21

b10 55:12 74:13

276:16

b100 74:1

b11 55:8,10

b2 276:15

b20 45:11 53:10

54:22 67:15

74:13,22

b5 53:8 55:5

74:15 276:16

b9 74:11,12

baalman 9:20

344:9 355:16

355:16

back 16:19 23:6

25:16 31:9

35:15 42:6

58:13 79:2

82:2 83:16

102:15,16

113:12,14

117:1 122:5

125:3 131:15

135:17 139:4

147:7 160:17

167:13 178:4

187:18 191:6

194:4 196:9,16

202:10 204:7

205:9 214:21
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 381

216:8 224:17

231:7 233:1

236:16,16

248:6 249:14

262:11 266:8

268:15 269:4

278:7 282:11

286:4 288:15

288:20 289:15

291:13 302:5

304:11 325:13

331:18 336:9

338:2 339:12

351:12 356:9

363:12 368:3

backbone

370:22

backed 174:3

246:16

background

81:17 125:18

127:18 152:20

172:2 269:17

269:21 331:3

337:18

backgrounding

153:17

backman 8:7

262:5 287:11

287:11

backs 287:20

backslide 227:7

backto 282:10

backtracking

31:3 264:4,20

285:12

backward 29:9

103:5 201:17

backwards

41:22 62:17

82:20 133:22

263:15 297:15

359:2

backyards

298:11

bacon 7:11

235:18 244:3,4

bacteriarelated

293:2

bad 62:17,18

103:11 129:5

147:15 222:5

baffles 143:12

350:14

balance 20:18

51:18 98:2

107:1 109:5

134:7 211:22

240:6 335:14

balanced 346:9

banging 190:20

bank 102:1

159:2 351:20

banker 101:22

356:12

banking 186:15

banks 162:17

barb 243:21

344:14

barbecue 12:6

352:6

bargain 88:15

198:18 241:22

barns 177:10

barrel 100:7,8

barrels 33:21,22

49:1 164:11

barrier 322:6

base 102:2

158:16 230:6

230:15 242:16

366:12

baseball 148:7

305:1,3,6,20

based 14:5

23:15 27:18

30:6 34:20

68:9 87:1,18

88:5,8 92:6

94:19 132:17

135:18 136:20

136:22 140:11

147:15 169:2

189:6 197:1

201:9 217:6,13

223:10 236:21

257:14 260:14

268:12 302:13

311:9,13 318:2

320:3 329:13

330:18 334:15

335:13 349:7

370:10,13

bases 161:10

basic 124:2

162:17 207:9

365:11

basically 156:21

basing 322:17

basis 128:8

161:4 176:17

318:8,22

346:11

battery 206:12

battlefield

305:21

beans 155:20

beautiful 159:1

beautifully

335:22

becker 8:14

272:11 301:11

301:13

becky 2:3 11:11

11:16 13:9,15

13:17 16:19

50:13

becoming

122:12 126:13

138:14 236:11

237:13 241:14

300:7 369:2,13

beef 153:22

154:1 234:15

270:21 271:2

beemer 9:17

272:10 352:3,4

began 90:4,14

133:2 151:15

151:16 165:16

165:21 214:3

249:22 294:4

320:22 324:12

365:18

beginning 25:15

26:6 78:17

245:21 324:12

365:1

begins 166:6

begun 288:2

324:20

behalf 31:8 37:5

59:22 76:15

91:20 106:4

128:9 167:21

170:19 174:18

180:7 182:13

196:8,10,14

216:13 253:10

257:4 261:15

268:20 300:16

349:10

behavior 103:11

275:11,13

367:13

beijing 362:19

belief 201:6

believe 14:19

16:10 19:1

28:5 36:20

39:11 52:7

53:15,17 68:11

73:4 86:19

106:22 139:17

139:22 166:11

172:20 173:7

174:21 195:2

197:6 207:19

221:3 232:20

237:22 238:3

271:14 279:4

291:9 300:5

307:16 311:22

350:7,9 358:6

358:18 359:1

359:10 360:6

374:22

believed 365:10

371:20

believes 106:13

109:3 133:21

360:16

believing 142:20

belt 98:7 158:5,5

ben 2:6 13:7,10

16:21 50:12

279:12

beneficial

205:12

beneficiaries

323:12

benefit 52:2

89:13 100:10

128:17 143:8

150:22 162:10

175:16 176:9

230:2 245:7

252:17 315:16

316:11,16

357:2 362:9,21

363:4

benefited 78:22

116:20 237:19

237:21

benefits 35:18

39:13 57:6

87:12 100:19

101:5 117:7

123:5 126:10

135:9 142:16

144:22 162:10

169:12 185:19

187:17 224:5

235:8 256:10

260:12 286:6
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 382

288:17 315:13

315:18 328:21

364:9 366:21

benefitted

229:12

benzene 151:16

345:17 346:4

benzine 149:19

berger 8:3 262:5

272:15,18

bernie 3:4 11:9

50:14 52:20

bertels 9:16

326:20 349:19

349:20 351:19

best 64:1 86:12

109:4 135:15

154:18 158:11

174:22 180:22

208:5 251:21

280:11 281:4

300:18 327:7

332:18 348:21

350:13 369:3

bestow 126:3

better 32:8 34:6

63:12 80:16

126:11 127:1

189:3,4 224:8

226:11,14

240:19 259:12

277:19,21

281:8 293:20

301:4 302:15

316:1 328:15

340:1 348:9

361:17 367:6

beyond 14:10

20:21 21:5

22:4 27:14

30:3 40:19

47:13 50:6

81:10 112:1

132:3 134:17

198:18 221:1,4

298:8 310:21

315:18 321:3

341:10 342:12

342:19 343:7

343:10 346:19

347:1 354:8

biases 137:8

big 15:12 57:5

65:14 85:21

90:9 96:5 97:6

98:16 99:4,6

99:15 101:15

101:20 105:19

113:7 145:22

193:20 197:11

198:19 205:22

205:22 247:1

252:7,12

255:12 256:12

280:21 291:10

291:11 306:18

307:1,13,17

308:19 312:17

328:11,12,20

328:22 329:17

333:12 363:20

364:3,7 366:10

367:4 369:19

370:1

bigger 65:2

232:15 262:18

biggest 115:21

116:10 227:9

239:22 313:2

bill 41:14 64:18

134:22 223:2

262:4 271:13

326:19

billion 14:13

15:13 24:3,5,6

24:13 28:7,8

35:14 36:16

39:18,18 47:19

47:19 49:2,10

57:20 60:12,21

61:5 66:4 73:7

73:8 75:12,12

76:22 80:1,3

81:6 82:7 84:3

84:4,5,7,7,10

84:12,14,17,17

84:20 85:2,3,8

87:20 88:19

102:22 103:1

110:14,15

112:4 114:11

114:13,16

120:17 121:22

123:7 131:1

132:5,8,10,11

143:1 145:20

145:20 146:5,7

148:15 153:2

158:12 159:16

163:12,17

164:13 167:14

169:6 172:7

176:11 194:19

196:5 208:22

209:3 212:8,9

212:10 213:4

215:10 216:2

216:11 217:22

218:2,4,5

221:2,4 228:4

228:5 229:4

241:12 242:2,8

242:9,11,13

244:17,18,22

250:6,12

253:18 270:8

270:13 273:10

278:3 280:18

281:19 282:11

285:2,3,3

286:11 289:10

289:11,12

300:14 330:20

331:1,22 353:8

353:9 354:13

354:14 357:15

359:19,20

362:4 372:13

billions 66:5

132:17 230:14

273:13 284:22

289:8 297:22

302:1 305:14

316:10

binbusting

161:3

bins 117:18

303:20 352:22

bio 170:2

biobased 91:4

biocatalysts

324:7

biodegradable

226:16

biodiesel 23:4

24:13 25:15

26:3,12,13

27:6,9,10,12

27:18,22 33:6

38:7,21 40:15

41:8,12 43:11

43:12,16,20

45:12,19 46:3

46:7,9,10,16

47:1,3,11,17

48:10,12,13,21

49:13,15,18,21

53:2,4,8,10,13

53:16,22 55:10

55:15,18,19

56:2 60:20,20

67:6 68:15,20

69:22 73:13,16

73:19,19,21

74:18 75:1,7,8

90:14 93:19

203:15,20,22

204:15 205:4,7

205:8,11,13,18

206:4,6,14

207:1,1 208:1

208:6,8,10,19

209:7,9,12,13

209:20 210:18

211:11,14

212:7,8,11,17

212:19,21

213:16 214:9

214:16,18

215:1,12,13

216:13,15,19

217:5,18,21

218:1,9,16

219:4,9,13,20

220:4,6,7,13

220:20 221:3,6

221:16,21

222:3,7 224:5

226:7 250:11

257:21 258:16

259:2,4,8,10

259:14,20,22

260:3,4,17,21

267:16 276:15

291:17 340:5

346:2

biodieselblend...

74:4,5,9

bioeconomy

58:9 324:4

bioenergy

104:14 127:14

130:16,16

185:15 186:4,9

bioenergys

125:7

biofuel 12:16,16

14:5,16,22

26:12 29:4,18

32:22 33:14

39:20 46:21

56:2 63:6 65:2

68:15 69:13

89:1 123:2

126:14 127:2
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 383

131:14 140:4,6

140:8 182:19

187:19 196:5

199:13 211:7

211:16 213:14

213:19 253:4,5

273:13 276:12

287:2 293:21

294:4,15 324:8

324:8 336:4

342:19 343:10

347:12 348:4,5

373:8

biofuels 24:2,15

30:7 32:12

36:21 38:6

39:17 40:10

47:3 57:2

58:11,17 60:10

86:14,18 87:21

88:17 91:5,6

93:12 103:17

106:16 107:1

110:13,14

111:6 124:3

126:13,15,22

127:7,9 128:18

129:5,8,16,16

130:4,9 132:14

133:11 134:5

134:12 135:7

138:12,21

142:5 143:21

144:11 145:3

149:11 169:12

170:3 183:6

192:21 194:11

198:6 201:19

207:14 210:11

210:14,21,22

211:3,5,9,12

211:21 212:14

215:7 223:15

224:1 225:14

226:2,4,7,14

227:3,5,8,15

227:17 238:4

250:14 270:16

275:2 283:5

285:14 286:1

287:21 288:1,3

288:12 293:3,7

293:11,14,17

294:3,11,13,14

294:15,20

295:5,8,11,14

295:20 307:22

308:17 316:22

323:6 325:1

331:16 336:2

347:7 349:10

351:6,12

biogas 129:22

138:5,16

biological

327:12

biomass 23:14

125:19 191:13

191:18 228:4

324:1,2

biomassbased

12:11,16,18

14:9,12 22:4,5

23:9,22 24:17

38:12,15 39:12

39:16,19 40:14

40:19 73:1,7

75:11 215:6

216:1 219:11

biomassderived

220:17 221:1

biorefineries

130:18 197:2

277:6,6

biorefinery

66:19 136:11

364:15 369:13

biorefining

136:5 190:10

193:5

bioscience 121:9

121:19

biotech 296:5

bipartisan 32:16

246:5 266:9

325:14

birthday 104:5

280:6

bismarckman...

183:16,18

184:4

bit 13:17 50:19

111:7,8 138:4

194:16 196:20

277:19 290:7

371:10

bits 157:3

black 311:9

blair 121:12,18

blaming 233:20

blanket 314:5

blatantly 71:17

147:14

blend 16:7 20:13

21:2 22:14

29:14,16,20

30:3 31:10

33:2 34:11

63:14 69:4,21

71:7,18 72:8

72:12 74:4,5,7

74:10 91:11

95:6 96:11

103:15 106:15

106:17 107:3

111:8,10,18,20

143:16 166:13

166:16,17,20

181:16 183:10

184:11 194:9

195:3,9 200:5

200:10 205:7

205:17 210:20

215:16 219:6

228:21 229:7

243:2 251:14

252:5 273:22

277:3 289:2,4

294:19 298:15

299:1 319:5,6

322:18 336:7

341:7,9,10,13

341:20 342:12

342:16 347:18

373:1,3

blended 51:3

187:13 203:22

251:21 306:22

340:17,22

354:5 362:11

blender 181:11

181:18 182:19

183:5 227:13

241:20 341:22

354:4

blenders 208:6

210:20 243:1

329:5

blending 21:19

53:17 68:1

70:9 72:14

131:14 137:8

158:1 159:22

163:3 164:20

170:2,3 172:10

173:7,12

199:21 200:7

200:18 243:4

247:20 248:18

248:21 249:14

274:15 294:10

312:17,19

316:19 322:13

328:8 329:1,4

341:6 342:15

363:19 364:7

blends 32:22

33:5,17 45:12

53:4,8,10 55:5

55:6 62:9 67:5

68:19,22 69:2

73:14 74:14,18

75:1,7,9 87:1

95:17 100:3

107:20 111:12

144:4,11

166:20 167:1

184:1,10 187:7

187:11 195:8

199:15 200:18

229:3 241:11

242:4 251:4,13

256:15 275:8

276:15,22

282:12,19

294:15,17

296:14 298:4

298:22 299:4

313:1 319:3

334:11 336:10

351:6 360:3

364:6

bless 138:2

blew 166:11

blinking 118:16

block 294:19

330:4

blocking 145:3

272:6 283:19

364:4

blood 149:21

205:14

bloss 5:11

141:15 157:17

157:19

board 23:4 41:8

53:2 55:19

76:13 97:5

101:14,15,22

135:17 149:12

155:17 157:21

165:16 177:7

207:4 210:18

244:7 245:20

274:7 277:5
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 384

355:19 371:12

boardman 136:7

boards 117:11

boast 183:5

boat 353:21

boats 195:15

bob 2:12 6:12

7:6 20:4 185:8

206:22 210:4

223:1 235:22

236:3

bogus 166:13

bold 91:2 184:16

306:17 307:9

346:17

bolster 26:8

bolton 274:9

313:12

bomb 305:17

bonnie 243:21

boom 368:14

booming 112:3

boon 356:14,16

boost 366:18

boosted 147:2

358:20

booster 150:6

172:22

boosting 36:15

boot 308:19,21

borg 5:7 141:11

152:8,10

borlaug 278:2

born 125:9

262:13 337:19

337:20

borne 311:14

borrow 301:7

boss 104:18,19

bottle 150:3

bottlenecks

218:20

bottom 65:15

69:11 92:19

323:19

bottomless

299:12

bought 89:20

166:13 254:2

365:21

bound 215:18

bowdish 9:9

309:11 334:1,2

bower 7:3 203:2

233:7,7

bowl 126:6

bowman 7:6

223:1 236:2,3

bowser 141:16

bracht 4:13

94:13 119:22

120:1 326:19

brain 150:13

branch 268:21

269:1

branches 266:2

brand 72:6

171:18 200:17

branded 70:12

72:7 172:5,6

brandnew 104:4

brandon 239:5

239:11 240:12

brands 200:16

200:19

brannan 6:14

185:8 213:13

213:13

brazil 96:4

133:3 195:9,11

195:15,16

215:18 252:3

343:3,5

breaching

106:17

break 124:22

125:3 196:2

200:5 297:1

breaking 197:11

breakthroughs

302:18

breathe 155:10

251:7 255:14

362:10

breathing

150:15

brenda 4:19

109:18 133:16

brian 7:16 9:8

9:20 235:19

257:9 309:11

330:11 333:22

344:9 355:16

358:11

bridgeport

337:15

bridges 303:19

brief 124:22

125:2 172:1

briefly 41:10

176:19 212:5

briggs 7:14

235:19 249:19

249:20

brilliant 338:9

bring 96:12

102:17 186:22

191:18 196:20

229:19 258:8

271:8 279:17

294:22 303:9

305:15 368:3

bringing 256:16

261:8 284:14

288:7

brings 71:4

303:14 311:6

broke 157:5,7

brook 243:22

brooke 3:10

37:20 62:22

brooks 6:15

185:8 216:18

216:18 283:6

brother 160:9

174:18 177:8

254:5

brothers 162:12

254:2 255:22

brought 46:5

232:22 277:7

bruce 9:4

292:15 323:2

brush 34:12

bryan 8:13

272:11 299:21

301:10

btus 286:11

bucket 39:2

65:14,15,18,18

buckman 223:7

223:9,15,22

buffer 281:6

build 36:20 52:3

97:14 107:16

175:7,12,15

191:8 192:20

196:12 241:18

281:17 283:10

349:6 357:22

368:11

building 47:15

175:8 229:8

231:4 273:8

305:18 308:10

351:21 368:9

buildingblock

324:10

buildings

303:16,20

buildout 178:7

built 118:16

145:15 173:5

180:16 194:18

196:4 206:4

232:16 246:22

276:12 281:21

290:20 312:13

buis 2:16 31:15

31:17

bullet 345:10

346:16

bullish 90:6

bullock 2:20

11:8 38:3,4

bumper 114:19

234:2

bunch 308:3

bunker 215:20

burden 201:18

burdensome

31:5

bureau 83:13

89:8 91:20

92:2 167:20,22

167:22

bureaus 89:12

burlington

97:13

burned 346:9

burning 143:5

148:9 189:12

215:20 226:14

burns 2:5

bursting 308:5

bursts 306:20

bus 119:15

150:16 272:8

buses 272:6

283:19

bush 6:22 190:1

203:1 231:13

231:13 281:15

bushel 78:5

80:17 123:10

146:2 234:4

250:22 273:17

281:1,4 282:11

301:21 313:22

338:19

bushels 81:7

82:7 85:2,3,7

99:5 116:1

143:3 145:20

146:7,9 161:3
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 385

161:5 176:14

272:21 280:18

281:3 302:3,22

356:10 364:19

business 30:21

67:21 95:14

96:12 117:10

125:16 126:3

128:20 133:17

133:18 135:1

142:19 158:16

162:12,22

169:15 171:7

188:11 197:5

198:1 208:5,12

215:1 236:10

238:3 265:21

266:6 268:14

269:17,18

271:5 292:22

304:21 305:4

318:12 323:3

338:1 347:15

364:21 368:16

369:1 371:14

businesses 20:10

46:20 98:14

117:16 126:2

147:11 175:13

198:11 250:17

266:7 271:6

315:15 318:6

336:22 364:21

businessman

81:4

butler 279:22

butterfly 351:20

buy 35:16 46:11

65:7 71:19,21

186:17 195:7

204:13,20

240:10 272:21

291:3 307:13

buyer 118:11

328:18 362:1

buyers 319:18

buying 200:14

204:14,15

buys 35:2

byproduct 149:1

153:18 156:6

byproducts

304:21

C

c 11:1 44:15

66:16 223:19

291:6 304:18

330:1

c130s 189:19

c5 189:19

324:13

cafe 21:15

cahill 9:8 309:11

330:11,12

cal 113:13

calculated

132:13 140:1

340:19

calculating

30:18

calease 8:5

262:5 279:12

279:14

calendar 76:9

california

113:14 224:21

259:15

californias

259:19

call 35:10 37:18

64:16 94:8

109:16 124:22

155:18 205:13

246:18 278:7

296:9 307:17

307:17 339:19

343:22 344:5

called 24:13

27:14 36:11

47:14 50:15

118:18 196:6

210:7 236:18

290:19 306:17

347:7 364:16

calls 45:22 95:18

230:21

cameron 97:5

campaign

104:14 187:3

campbell 189:16

190:1

campus 121:19

345:6

canceled 356:8

cancer 150:8

cancers 150:13

cannibalize

129:17

canopy 111:13

111:18 172:5

cant 65:20 74:12

95:21 188:22

188:22 190:5,6

195:4,7,12,17

227:21 261:12

356:17 368:19

372:16

cap 321:19

capabilities 40:1

50:1 135:8

220:11

capability 14:7

30:8 189:8

221:9

capable 88:3

296:15 372:12

capacities

130:19 132:15

133:10

capacity 22:9

27:13 29:19

40:3,20,22

47:13 61:8

66:4 76:18

84:19 87:20

88:8 90:11

130:10 132:5

132:11 133:8

134:10 135:8

136:8,18,19

137:1 142:14

194:18 206:3,7

218:18 220:5

227:19,21,22

244:6 250:7

259:5 268:7

281:19 310:1

321:3 334:22

342:20 343:10

343:14 366:13

capital 118:22

206:8 246:15

247:14 253:1

321:22 352:21

354:9,9 373:11

capitalized

246:8

capitalizes 27:9

capitalizing

175:4

capped 357:17

357:18

capping 321:15

capture 71:2

211:6

captured 346:9

captures 211:16

capturing 90:15

164:7 369:15

car 96:6 104:21

105:2 118:7

181:9 283:20

308:9

carbon 42:3

100:15,16

104:13 155:1

167:4 177:18

179:2 180:20

181:1 185:15

186:4,8 193:12

213:19 226:16

247:17 259:17

274:6 308:1,11

317:5 324:16

345:20 346:8,9

carbonneutral

346:6

carbonproduc...

123:17

carbonreducing

38:19

carcass 43:16

carcinogenic

150:3

carcinogens

151:18 345:17

358:1

care 357:13

career 151:16

152:21 177:20

237:3 239:16

240:1 256:7

257:14 264:17

269:19 334:3

361:14

careers 263:17

carefully 99:9

caring 80:7

263:7 277:22

carl 7:21 243:22

266:16 344:7

carpet 246:20

carried 320:20

carrollton 370:6

carry 105:7

202:10 241:4

364:6 365:3

carryforward

341:6

carrying 105:9

305:17

carryout 85:3

carryover 30:12

30:16 66:5
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 386

carryovers

146:2

cars 25:1 36:7

155:3 195:13

226:10 362:15

366:7

carson 5:19 8:3

157:14 174:16

262:5 272:18

275:20

case 75:6 183:14

184:18 192:7

239:13,19

320:14

cases 70:19

151:10 369:2

cash 315:14

323:18

cass 182:11

casualty 214:19

catalyst 252:10

catalysts 54:10

categories 14:1

23:21 205:15

205:19

category 23:7,10

23:13,15,16

24:8,16 39:20

41:2 216:4

219:11

caterpillar 54:7

54:12,12,17

caterpillars

54:18

cattle 148:4

149:2 152:20

153:18 155:20

156:2,3,13

164:2 168:12

178:13,15

247:12 250:18

255:7 270:11

270:21 303:10

303:15 304:19

327:11,12,12

337:20 338:13

338:18 340:2

356:20,21

357:20

cattlemen

369:16

caupert 3:8

37:22 56:17,18

60:6

cause 31:4 32:11

78:12 95:10

129:6 150:13

156:15,19

192:4 296:16

359:15

caused 173:13

208:13 260:2

353:18

causes 71:8

366:16

causing 26:2

68:7 353:11

ceding 252:12

ceiling 235:10

cellerate 285:21

286:18 372:11

373:13 374:5

cellulose 311:21

cellulosic 12:15

14:5,21 15:12

22:9 32:1 39:6

41:1 52:6,8,10

60:19 63:6,7

65:2,18 125:8

125:11 127:15

127:20 129:5

129:15,19

130:8 131:2,4

132:3 133:2,12

134:10 135:1

138:10,12,21

139:8,13,18

140:4,6,8

141:4 191:3,8

191:11 192:6

192:20 199:22

200:2 201:4,13

225:13 268:10

274:10 285:16

285:18 288:3,9

289:5,7 294:3

294:6 295:7

313:10,16,18

313:19 314:5,6

371:18,22

372:2,5,8,13

373:7,8

cellulosicbased

295:5

cenex 171:18

251:19

center 1:20

44:15 56:19,22

57:7,17 58:14

central 43:6

46:6 233:11

367:14

cents 42:17,18

72:3 102:20

105:10 181:12

181:12,13

183:20 213:6,7

213:10 244:16

259:21 316:13

316:14 319:15

319:18 335:15

339:17 342:7

353:13 354:3

362:22

century 89:19

325:20

ceo 23:3 25:13

28:14 31:17

101:14 142:3

197:4 214:11

247:6 266:16

266:20 314:16

certain 14:3,19

235:5 254:20

certainly 116:10

209:3 229:19

307:15 334:19

certainty 30:21

109:9 110:17

111:5,22

137:10 165:22

180:15 192:10

219:13 261:3

286:22 310:15

311:18 318:11

322:3 337:2

374:6

certified 180:18

372:3

certifying

251:16

cetera 54:5,11

117:15 205:22

223:14

chad 6:21 203:2

228:8

chain 31:20 66:2

123:12 143:8

145:1 173:2

196:5 199:20

203:11 205:16

chains 95:3

chair 2:3

chairman 28:17

86:11 101:14

101:22 102:4

149:11 269:14

367:16

chairs 157:13

challenge 31:12

78:18 153:1,4

232:10 281:14

challenges

125:20 137:9

174:9 304:11

challenging

335:8

championing

165:12 296:16

chance 41:19

105:18 123:15

288:22 374:15

374:19

change 14:3

34:8 61:13

93:15,21

112:22 133:4

138:4 141:7

207:19,21

209:4 210:1

257:18 298:15

307:8 309:1,3

326:8 342:8

changed 108:17

153:6 218:8

264:10 336:10

changer 239:22

changes 15:21

122:9,19

149:18,21

161:17 257:17

262:16

changing 234:13

294:7 314:4

354:15

characterizati...

131:19 132:1,2

charge 61:17

171:1 192:9

charlie 4:3 76:3

94:15 97:2

charter 269:5

cheap 118:22

358:5

cheapening

234:12

cheaper 71:22

72:4 85:18

189:11 192:17

198:4,22

203:18 204:2,5

204:8 206:16

237:9 248:12

306:1,8 319:19

328:15 336:5
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 387

362:22 363:2

cheapest 198:7

cheat 212:2

cheated 319:12

check 302:14

356:8,8

checkbooks

299:13

checked 326:11

checkoff 26:10

149:12

chemical 223:11

223:14 265:13

chemicals

149:22 150:2,5

150:7,10,15

313:13 324:10

cherish 80:13

chevys 252:4

chew 89:16

chicago 197:1

258:1 331:4

chief 38:4 99:15

121:10 136:4

249:20 278:17

309:19 352:7

364:15

child 279:20

281:1 365:14

children 34:7

113:12 152:1

159:6 228:12

228:13 277:9

301:8 347:20

348:15,16

361:17

chilling 201:3

285:15

china 250:9

307:19

chisam 8:21

292:15 314:14

314:15

choice 33:19

164:1 174:6

189:11 239:14

249:1 256:17

277:3 298:2

300:3 313:4

316:12 334:21

369:8,11

choices 72:11

112:17 115:10

187:2 252:11

253:7,8 304:5

choose 21:22

45:13 156:1

187:12 197:22

251:20 252:2

301:3 342:14

choosing 169:22

187:14 359:9

chose 198:9

chosen 87:3

132:18 218:7

chris 8:6 9:14

130:14 262:5

284:5 326:20

345:4

chrisp 7:7 223:1

238:14,14

christian 115:19

115:22 116:8

119:8

christopher 4:18

8:11 109:17

272:10 292:21

295:17

chs 90:8,13

170:19 171:2,6

171:11,17,21

172:3,7,11,18

173:4,17

churches 178:6

circle 204:1

circumstances

14:19,20 109:4

254:19 282:8

289:7 359:13

cited 68:14

319:10,13

360:11

cities 44:17,19

48:2 89:9

176:6

citizen 279:14

citizens 120:5

142:19 170:5

361:14

city 1:22 11:18

12:7 44:16,16

66:17 89:2

107:4 150:16

203:10 283:9

290:11 302:9

331:4 352:6

374:14

civil 239:8

claim 115:22

227:20 319:4

claimed 166:20

227:13 360:12

366:10

claiming 33:1

claims 71:18

123:17,20

claremont 28:16

clarification

260:8,10

clarifications

260:6

clarify 141:1

clarity 257:18

class 300:16

classifies 345:16

clean 13:20 15:3

17:1 26:7,7

27:2,20 28:14

28:18 29:11

31:8 44:17,19

45:1 48:2,16

51:6 59:14

63:17,18,19

65:16 96:9

100:12 132:21

134:1,18

194:14 197:10

208:1 226:14

227:17 241:21

243:12 321:17

334:21 359:6

366:4

cleanburning

78:22 146:12

220:8 294:18

320:1 340:16

343:1

cleaned 251:7

cleaner 28:21

34:6 79:3

85:19 123:17

143:4 148:9

189:11 192:17

192:21 196:11

198:22 229:9

237:8 248:8

264:2 306:1,8

328:15 346:21

367:6

cleanerburning

35:22 123:21

148:11 164:15

187:14 252:1

252:21 362:13

cleaning 61:11

150:21

clear 16:4,14

21:22 22:1

27:12 40:9

46:18 47:11

61:10 67:11

69:11 111:21

134:19 163:5

168:19 218:7

218:11 245:6

245:12 285:4

289:12 297:14

298:17 299:9

303:22 307:22

308:20 337:1,7

365:20

clearing 205:5

clearly 15:20

19:6 22:1

30:10 93:3

161:5,16

207:14 316:21

335:17

clemens 5:21

157:15 180:1,1

client 106:4

climate 93:15,21

207:19,21

208:12 209:4

210:1 271:5

307:7,20 309:3

climb 242:5

263:13

close 17:18

208:13 214:19

237:16,20

322:17 325:12

359:20 370:14

closed 15:14,16

90:22 258:7

closely 187:5

258:15

closer 28:12

66:15 336:11

361:12

closes 16:18

closest 338:12

closing 22:13

49:20 59:2

124:6 149:4

249:13 264:20

299:8 320:2

336:19 360:18

clothing 150:2

cloud 92:11

145:10

clouded 297:16

cng 138:15

139:19 140:17

co2 126:11
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 388

247:15 286:12

339:12

coalition 44:17

137:21 139:5

223:17

coarse 77:15

coast 259:18

cogenerate

193:12

cognizant 75:21

86:3 141:21

334:21

coincide 303:4

cold 74:19 75:2

coleman 3:10

37:21 62:22,22

63:4

colleague 288:10

colleagues 113:5

256:2 257:5

351:19

collect 226:6

collected 324:1

collectively

35:12

college 153:12

254:6

colorado 338:7

338:8,15 339:6

339:16 345:6

columbus 4:8

76:4 106:1,2

combat 248:14

307:7 309:3

combination

201:16 213:1

344:3,10

combined 90:10

193:13 208:7

220:5 247:16

310:1

combining

286:18

come 11:5 14:22

25:17 37:17

74:19 83:16

95:19 105:13

107:17,19

113:5,12,14

116:21 119:15

121:5 124:20

125:3 141:13

152:2,5 155:12

156:3 157:12

160:21 166:2

170:12 178:4

185:5,9 196:16

202:22 204:17

222:20,22

272:16 302:10

314:19 315:2

323:9 326:9

328:1 333:15

333:16 355:7

355:12 356:12

363:12 366:10

366:22

comes 57:11

71:11 142:9

205:9 274:11

339:2 357:4

comfortable

27:21 29:21

322:7

coming 39:22

53:9 57:13

82:2 115:15

175:22 187:17

189:19 209:10

248:20 269:10

301:11 302:5

307:3 374:12

commence

19:10

commenced

250:1

commend

131:12

commendation

131:18

comment 12:20

16:18 136:1

157:22 160:1

165:2 210:12

238:17

comments 16:15

16:17 17:21

19:12 34:15

39:17 82:6

88:21 120:9

138:8 142:3

276:1 312:9

333:16 350:7

369:21 370:4

374:16,20

commercial

54:8 57:18

131:3 136:4,11

281:3 295:8,15

353:13 372:4

commercializ...

57:1 58:4,22

130:4 192:2

288:1,2

commercialize

324:16

commercializi...

373:20

commercially

325:12

commercialsc...

26:16 127:19

130:18 372:7

commission

148:6

commissioning

131:5

commitment

140:15 155:5

203:19 246:16

264:4 266:9

273:11,20

284:16 285:17

288:6,8 325:14

333:13 373:14

commitments

62:12 124:7

128:5 142:22

229:15 318:2

333:11

committed

55:16 240:15

251:19 254:13

256:16 324:6

committee

149:11,13

269:15,16

commodities

78:9 163:20

185:14 211:11

236:4 264:2

272:18

commodity

26:20 50:5

78:16 167:9

220:14 222:6

257:13 302:6

common 23:8

40:11 149:5

300:6,8 305:13

306:6

commonwealth

116:20,21

117:9 118:1

188:2

communicatio...

231:20

communities

35:10,15 36:22

61:1 97:19

98:13 99:8,10

101:10 112:10

112:16 117:2

120:7 123:6,9

147:2 153:9

158:8 161:7

162:14,15

167:13 179:18

197:9 242:16

245:8 262:21

265:2 277:8

278:9 283:1

297:21 301:3

304:8 305:6,9

308:10,11,13

309:2 315:8

317:8 349:3

366:21 368:1,4

370:12,21

community 46:8

58:3 117:2,2,8

117:10,20

118:5,6,9

125:13,22

126:3 128:2

129:6 152:13

152:17 153:12

162:17 177:17

178:5 188:11

190:2,16

201:20 229:12

229:16 230:3,8

235:1 237:7

238:9 246:6

248:7 262:16

264:9 267:6,8

267:21 276:2

276:19 277:10

277:18 278:6

279:4 307:10

307:11 310:16

315:17,19

320:19 356:18

361:19 366:18

368:6 370:11

communitys

307:12

companies 20:8

29:20 35:16

61:20 62:6

63:8 72:7 95:7

96:6 101:21

107:11 121:21

132:16 175:14

176:1 194:7,22
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 389

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198:20 200:15

204:13,15

210:10,11

225:9 243:6

256:18 269:19

284:12 287:1

288:4 291:1,7

294:12,22

298:20 302:15

310:7 316:16

318:19 357:21

365:8 373:16

company 44:16

50:15 51:8

55:2 72:11

122:14 127:16

130:3 171:6

175:11 187:10

191:2 192:14

197:1,4 210:7

213:17,18,19

213:22 214:19

216:21 217:17

223:10 225:7

244:6 246:3

256:5,8 257:20

268:4 286:2

288:13 290:10

293:1 295:21

310:4 323:6

334:9 336:1

352:12 364:18

373:12

companyowned

243:1

companys

192:19 219:20

comparable

184:2

compared 77:7

92:3 155:2

179:7 270:11

300:13 346:13

comparison

213:7 261:5

compatibility

20:14 108:10

compatible

108:9,21

compelling

75:10

compete 24:16

25:1 211:18

242:21

competent 358:3

competes 35:20

342:20

competing

211:22 212:4

competition

24:1,17 25:4,5

32:5 69:9

195:22 196:12

295:7

competitive

57:14 154:16

328:12 329:11

342:3

competitively

203:20 260:20

342:10

competitiveness

221:14

competitor

143:6

complain 318:21

complete 136:19

168:13 348:1

completed

313:16

completely

24:19 311:6

313:12 337:6

359:17

completing

94:18

complex 205:13

211:3,12 312:3

complexity

207:7

compliance 22:7

67:17 132:19

132:21 336:3

373:9

compliment

39:7

comply 62:13

85:9 195:21

318:20 373:4

component

172:21 240:5

295:7 327:18

components

336:9

compounds

159:13

comprehend

342:17

comprehension

343:8

comprised 277:1

compromising

219:10

concentrated

150:17

concept 29:16

40:9 207:17

209:6 246:7

conception

127:15

concern 20:12

24:1 50:17

108:9 133:19

180:8 260:4

284:8 287:13

311:5

concerned 21:3

31:3 40:18

159:7 173:21

190:22 215:2

215:15 218:15

concerning 13:2

40:7 170:1

concerns 102:1

120:9,11 121:1

135:21 148:3

162:18 163:2

228:21 259:20

265:17 287:5

289:17 300:22

307:13 311:3

366:14

concise 111:21

conclude 34:15

82:6 103:17

199:16 375:1

concluded 68:3

286:7

conclusion 68:9

109:3 115:4

124:20 125:2

179:13 249:5

300:21

conclusions

68:12

concrete 175:13

conditions 14:4

63:22 143:14

173:10 206:17

294:11 366:8

366:17

condon 9:7

309:11 326:22

327:3

conducted 17:7

42:2 198:1

conducting

16:22

cones 347:16

conestoga 244:7

245:20 247:7

327:3

confess 67:1

confidence

23:16 174:6

192:19 263:3

274:13 311:19

confident 25:18

confuse 350:14

confused 123:16

174:1 296:21

congratulations

60:4

congress 13:22

14:2 15:3,7,18

15:20 16:2,4

20:18 22:16

23:14 29:2

30:1 31:12

32:17 62:19

69:9,15 84:13

85:16 86:21

87:9,15,18

88:16,20 91:2

91:10,13 99:21

101:2,9 110:11

110:16 112:14

114:7 115:13

131:22 134:14

135:18 138:11

145:21 151:22

154:9 155:6

158:2 159:17

161:16,20

166:13 167:6

168:20 170:4

173:22 179:20

188:21 221:5

240:20 246:5

249:4 257:19

266:9,11 269:4

273:11,20

275:3,10

278:22 299:6

304:12 310:14

311:17 317:10

318:2 322:19

325:14,15

328:7 346:22

349:15 355:1

359:3,12

360:20 366:1

366:12

congressional
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 390

33:9 88:9 93:6

163:5 164:20

282:7 285:12

288:21 310:17

313:6

congressionally

314:8

connected 186:6

conscientious

38:14

consequence

230:4 354:2,8

consequences

106:18 213:22

238:21 350:4

353:4,15 354:7

consequently

319:7

conservation

146:15

conservationb...

126:8

conservative

206:1

consider 27:15

81:3 99:9

104:1 119:12

119:12 152:3

173:6 184:16

275:15 300:19

312:8 346:15

370:18 371:6

considerable

32:18 77:2

consideration

231:9 235:12

304:13

considered

27:17 88:22

90:6 98:7

209:2,6 328:7

considering

39:13 74:20

119:4 122:2

263:16 288:19

consistent 16:4

133:20 134:1

139:3 166:12

167:3,5,6,7

201:9 259:15

316:2 329:21

362:1

consistently

123:13 184:10

311:15

consists 310:9

consolidated

250:5

constant 255:4

257:17 259:14

298:11

consternation

66:8 205:21

constraints 15:1

29:14 41:9

108:5 183:11

299:5 346:14

constructed

87:19 191:16

construction

90:17 97:16

175:11 303:15

324:20

constructive

138:8

consultant

367:14

consultation

13:4

consumables

54:9,16

consume 114:21

129:22 327:9

327:10

consumed 76:22

92:17 106:12

247:11

consumer 32:22

69:12 71:17

100:9,10

107:10 145:1

161:9 181:6

184:14 200:13

230:19 241:22

244:16 248:22

252:8 255:13

256:12 336:4

342:4 369:5,9

consumers 21:1

21:8,21 22:1

32:13 33:18

34:8 47:8

78:21 85:22

87:5,13 107:19

112:17 115:9

142:16 143:7

164:8,19

166:19 180:4

181:20 187:1,6

187:12 189:10

196:16 197:10

198:21 200:14

218:22 230:14

237:21 241:15

248:9 251:20

252:2,11 253:7

255:10 256:10

261:9 274:19

277:3,16 298:2

304:4 313:3

316:11 317:6

332:20 360:8

362:21 364:1

consumes

336:14

consuming

166:18

consumption

29:5,13,22

33:21 44:20

51:19 68:2

77:1 102:21

143:17 173:6

200:13 274:5

contact 46:5

containing

20:14 108:3

contains 110:1

contemplating

334:20

contend 366:19

content 67:14

96:5

context 284:3

continents

130:19

continual

296:20

continually

236:10,22

258:18 349:12

continue 22:17

28:2,5 51:20

80:13 92:18

95:4 96:17

101:10 114:22

115:8 123:14

123:22 126:16

129:13 133:9

135:9 139:2

145:15 146:8

147:1 159:4

168:22 172:20

184:14 187:8

219:1 222:9

229:6 230:16

230:21 250:18

252:17,19

256:18,21

263:10,20

266:10 267:21

269:2 275:11

275:12 296:18

298:6 311:19

317:9 325:15

325:22 331:15

348:12 372:20

continued 3:1,2

4:1 5:1 6:1 7:1

7:2 8:1 9:1,2

10:1,2 13:3

27:4 49:8

59:17 68:6

81:22 273:14

continues 135:7

143:16 144:8

145:2 151:16

161:22 162:4

165:13 198:6

230:10 263:13

297:8 322:4

372:19

continuing

235:9 298:10

continuous

168:6

continuously

313:8

contract 186:13

217:3 232:5

373:11

contracted

140:17 339:12

contractors

35:17 98:14

contracts 70:12

140:16

contractual

57:12,16,22

58:17

contradicts

188:21

contrary 71:17

73:15 134:20

contrast 226:17

contribute 28:20

132:7 158:15

163:17 173:15

215:14 324:4

contributed

176:11 236:14

contributes

244:17 245:11

contributing

234:8 367:5
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 391

38:15 220:20

contributions

93:18 239:4

277:11,14

contributor

126:22

control 50:6

107:9,11 195:4

199:19 298:5

322:9 364:6

controlled 99:22

107:14 147:6

controls 64:20

convenience

70:1 106:9

171:19 203:12

337:5

convenient

105:9

conventional

60:19 69:13

84:5,10,21

86:14,16,18

87:21 110:14

123:21 129:16

130:8 132:7

287:21 300:13

343:9 350:10

350:21 351:12

363:3

converge 183:17

conversation

274:10

conversations

135:5 191:5,20

conversion

156:9 345:6

convert 90:14

195:11 268:9

324:13

converting 52:1

converts 213:15

convey 161:1

convincing

97:17 276:9

cooking 213:15

214:18 215:1

226:6

cool 121:2

coop 97:12,14

116:13 171:2

270:2 301:14

303:11,13

cooperation

111:11

cooperative

28:18 83:14

171:12 219:22

226:2,8 227:3

227:9,16

269:18 270:3

cooperatives

70:1 269:20

coops 193:15

352:20

coordinated

268:19

copenhagen

121:7

coproduct 25:22

77:3 99:1

178:12

coproducts

273:17

coral 9:15

326:20 347:5

core 87:7

corey 6:3 170:15

185:13,14

corn 28:15,20

31:21 32:1

34:19,21 35:2

35:4,6,19 37:3

51:22 60:17

76:11,14 77:17

77:21 78:5,7

78:10,12,18

79:14 80:17

81:5,7,8,20,21

82:7,12 83:5

83:18 85:1,2,7

86:9,10,13,16

88:9,12 89:10

89:16,19 90:4

90:6,12,14

97:10,17,18

109:20 110:1,5

113:18,19,22

114:2,3,7,17

115:1,1,2

116:1 117:5

118:12 123:2

123:10 132:7

134:13 142:4

143:3 145:11

145:12,21

146:1,6,10,11

147:9,12 148:4

148:6,7,17

149:12,13,17

151:3,13,14

152:4,19 154:4

155:2,16,17,19

155:22 157:19

158:5 160:7

167:10,12

168:5,5,9,14

168:16 169:1

172:16 174:19

176:10,14

177:7 178:8

179:5,14,15

182:4,13 183:4

186:10 188:17

191:13 193:11

193:17 196:1,2

196:3 212:13

212:14 213:1

215:19 225:10

228:9,11

229:19,20

231:1,3,14,17

232:6 233:8,11

233:17,19,22

234:3,8,12,19

236:15,19,20

236:21,22

237:19 238:2

244:19 245:19

250:8,9,11,22

250:22 251:9

258:9,11,14,16

258:19 259:2

259:10,16

260:14,19

261:2,4,8

267:11 270:10

273:1,3,18

276:4 280:2,4

280:5,18,20,22

281:1,13,17

282:2,9,11,11

282:16 283:4

284:6 285:19

285:20 286:8

286:15,16

301:20 303:13

308:5,8 313:10

313:20,21

320:12,18

323:15,17,17

327:9 331:22

334:4 337:21

338:14,19

339:2,20 340:1

340:4 343:2

347:22 349:12

349:13 352:19

352:22 353:3

355:18 357:3,3

357:7,10,11,18

357:20 369:15

371:11,16,19

372:9,14

cornbased 86:22

93:19 237:5,10

238:8 346:11

359:8,16

cornell 149:15

149:17

corner 258:1

277:19 334:9

335:22 336:22

cornfields 36:19

183:2

corning 190:11

190:11 191:4

191:15 192:6

192:20

cornmeal

347:16

cornsoy 347:18

cornstarched

314:7

corntoethanol

56:19

corporate 118:2

191:6 233:2

corporation

203:7,8 290:10

corporations

47:9 95:12

296:12,18

298:5,16 299:1

correct 95:8

corrected 53:19

69:8

correctly 134:8

292:12

corresponding

12:15 39:19

corrupted

365:19

coshocton 197:3

cosigned 112:20

cost 25:7 35:7

42:8,11 49:2

67:4,14 68:21

81:5,8 82:11

97:16 100:9

104:9 114:5

151:10 154:3

173:16 176:2

233:21 246:1

248:19 283:13
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 392

303:9 318:21

336:12,16

339:18

costeffective

172:22

costefficient

38:18

costing 21:8

costly 70:13

296:6

costner 107:18

costs 42:12,15

43:14 44:10

143:5 153:21

234:5 244:20

305:11 367:1

cotton 76:11

council 63:1

86:12 102:5

180:7 367:17

counsel 347:6

count 287:1

363:5

counted 228:1

257:2

countercyclical

280:15

counties 99:5

112:6 115:21

116:2,15 117:3

117:4 193:20

368:1

counting 66:5

countless 246:4

363:7

countries 102:10

102:11 148:21

197:6 198:13

211:6,8 232:8

284:13 305:14

country 26:17

31:19 52:14

62:18 89:17

91:2 102:17

106:11,19

107:9 116:9

118:3,18

148:19 158:9

161:12 170:21

171:5 188:14

189:3 193:7

194:17 195:10

203:9 204:9

216:14 220:9

222:8 224:19

233:17 238:16

247:18 252:3

252:13 275:18

297:22 298:9

300:5,18 305:2

315:8 317:8

320:15 327:21

329:10,22

333:3,18

338:21 339:11

359:2 371:2

countrys 169:8

251:5 277:15

296:16 297:13

298:10 366:3

county 63:8

89:12 90:10,19

91:15 115:19

115:22 116:8

119:8 168:7

182:12 190:15

279:22 285:20

303:17 367:16

368:14 371:11

371:15

couple 19:3 42:1

114:19 282:4

341:18

coupled 15:1

couplings

108:15

courage 197:15

courageous

315:1

course 39:9 64:1

64:14 68:9

116:3 123:3

127:4 135:16

311:11 322:5

336:10

court 19:6

141:20 233:10

291:6

courteous 17:20

courtesy 73:11

couser 262:4

cousin 317:19

covered 54:18

cowcalf 160:7

cows 149:19

cox 4:21 109:18

137:21,21

craig 8:12

272:11 295:18

299:18

crane 175:21

crazy 292:18

create 34:4 48:7

48:8 52:6

118:12,21

123:12 134:2

138:11 142:15

186:8 208:7

221:12 234:14

242:16 244:10

255:9 256:21

276:6 282:2

348:2,4 366:4

created 32:3

48:14 52:15

58:15 90:17

92:11 112:9

113:21 117:19

122:19 124:11

158:18 187:3

191:16 192:15

208:12 220:7

225:10 240:1

244:14 251:7,8

258:4 268:18

269:1 282:3

305:4 310:4,13

310:19 311:2

314:22 343:12

343:12 349:2

358:20

creates 122:9

143:2 166:9

205:8 244:19

245:7 251:1

268:8 285:5

322:13

creating 32:14

33:9 35:20

36:8 61:14

66:7 69:3

83:20 135:9

176:7 200:1

208:3 310:14

372:12

creation 59:14

111:4 122:10

186:3 298:16

314:20

creative 261:10

261:13 350:13

350:16,21

351:1

creativity 351:2

credible 54:20

55:22

credit 21:15

89:1 208:7,11

210:20 227:13

227:13 242:19

248:18 311:1

312:16 329:1,4

credited 278:3

credits 30:12

141:4 289:6,6

294:14 373:7,7

cresco 275:21

276:2,11 278:7

crews 175:21

cribs 280:4

criteria 319:7,10

critical 61:6

64:2 117:21

138:22 209:8

238:1 287:5

289:18 297:18

crop 28:20 43:8

78:16 81:15,16

84:22 85:1,4

88:12 125:7,21

126:10 128:22

129:2 146:6

148:18 151:3

161:3 163:14

171:8 173:9

178:19 196:3

231:1 234:2

239:14,17,20

239:20 240:3,8

263:7 284:16

302:13 323:18

361:20 362:2,7

crops 77:17 78:2

78:12,13 83:21

114:20,21

126:9 128:14

129:13 254:17

278:1 282:11

332:1 346:10

347:12

crossbones

150:4

crossroads

295:9

crowded 305:17

crp 280:16

281:5 324:3

crude 42:16

49:1 98:3

169:8

crystal 307:22

308:20

csb 347:18

348:14

csp 280:15
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 393

cumbersome

47:4 70:13

current 15:1

25:19 41:16

50:18 73:17

82:12 84:19

111:5 132:4

133:4 144:9

145:19 176:18

192:4 220:19

221:8 238:2

243:10 287:21

299:8 342:19

currently 28:16

47:6 48:17

76:13 79:13

84:18 88:3

121:11 131:4

143:12 155:16

177:2 217:2,6

236:7 246:3

271:14 274:3

301:14 309:21

316:20 317:22

319:15 344:12

362:12 372:6

curt 4:11 94:11

109:19

customer 102:2

104:18 260:12

314:5

customers 71:5

104:12 137:4

137:11 147:13

172:8 174:1

200:19 203:15

203:19 204:4,4

206:15 256:1

258:16 259:11

259:11,21

260:2,5,11,19

261:2 284:16

284:21 288:6

314:1 365:9

cut 122:7 195:18

227:8,20

cuts 120:20

132:9 266:5

285:8 287:17

cwc 374:3

cycles 113:19,20

D

d 11:1 17:1 58:6

66:16 223:19

291:6 304:18

330:1 335:11

d3 65:18 138:17

139:6,21,22

140:15,17

372:3,6

d4 43:1 44:8

205:18 212:20

216:4

d4s 24:2

d5 24:16 249:10

343:11

d5s 24:3

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353:13 354:3

360:19

dad 241:5

255:22 263:2

279:22 337:19

daddy 228:15

dairies 77:4

dairy 83:19

270:21

dairymen 164:3

dakota 174:19

176:10,17

177:7,9 180:3

180:17 181:4

182:12,13

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266:3,3 309:22

310:6

dakotas 183:2

dallas 76:12

damage 93:9

240:18 349:16

damages 103:12

damaging 166:8

dampens 264:4

dangerous 36:2

297:1

danielle 6:14

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darling 38:5,5

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40:13

darren 231:21

data 12:22 21:7

55:5,22 67:8

68:10 73:11,14

136:20 137:1

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276:20 330:6

336:11

date 36:21

174:21 201:4

daughter 83:10

113:11,22

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253:22 256:19

daughters 83:8

158:22

dave 7:20 8:4

262:4 265:11

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david 4:13,21

9:10 94:13

109:17 120:1

124:14 137:21

141:16,16

309:11

day 33:21 34:1

43:5 92:19

104:8,12

108:19 160:10

169:1 194:4

214:7,14,15

228:22 230:18

231:22 241:15

248:20 254:4

256:4 277:17

290:21 361:15

370:9 371:9

372:6 375:1,8

days 17:5 126:6

214:8 261:6

276:3,8 277:4

dayto 160:9

ddg 270:20

ddgs 60:15

97:20 178:12

178:14 271:1

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deadlines

131:16 173:13

deadly 150:18

deal 62:2,7

126:1 194:17

194:17 196:17

198:12 232:11

280:8

dealer 118:7

338:6

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338:4

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death 156:15

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307:14

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142:14 252:6

265:22 302:21

315:6

decades 101:3

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137:5,12 152:1

201:9 257:14

257:16 267:22

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282:5 300:7

325:4 331:8

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deck 235:16

decline 342:8,9

declining 234:6

decrease 31:2

46:1 80:19

95:10 222:6

230:12 282:6

306:22 316:9

decreased 43:14

77:18 124:10

146:20

decreases 245:4

248:11 308:1

decreasing

78:13 297:14

300:17

dedicated 56:22

77:17 284:14

286:2 288:13

324:3,21

dedication 59:11
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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348:2

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241:3 264:11

265:6 293:12

311:15

desk 16:16

105:12 337:4

375:4

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despite 40:6

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destinations

172:9

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164:14

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353:7,19 354:9

detach 342:1

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details 44:7

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determination

169:19

determine 13:21

91:8 328:8

340:19

determined

14:10

determining

29:14 30:15

detriment

347:13

detrimental

79:5 180:13

devaluation

230:5

devastating

58:19 285:9

devastation

287:22

develop 47:2

100:18 118:19

119:3 133:10

241:13 258:18

290:13 293:9
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

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1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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directive 135:18

directly 41:20

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director 11:17

13:11 20:4

34:19 56:18

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91:19 94:12

120:1,10,12

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160:11 163:1

210:6 226:2

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301:15 327:3

directors 97:6

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dirt 80:11

119:13

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328:3 334:14

disappointed

217:18

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93:12 166:8

168:21

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50:17 254:22

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140:18 342:4

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203:22 204:4

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275:7 294:2

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64:3,5

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dispensers

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228:18

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disrupting 78:7

distance 305:5

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distiller 178:12

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78:6 82:4,5

99:1 149:1

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156:5,13,19

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163:22 171:1

176:15 212:13

212:14 213:1

255:7 267:13

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273:2 303:8,14

338:17 348:3

357:1

distorting

221:21

distortion

353:12

distribute 65:7

144:10 183:22

199:15 299:3

distributed

185:16

distributes

265:14

distribution

29:18 31:7
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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diverting 347:12

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43:14,19

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dollar 214:3

324:21

dollars 35:14

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dolphin 308:3

domestic 26:5,7

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271:14 272:7

279:3 304:20

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306:6 307:13

307:15 312:7

327:10,20

332:11,19

344:16,20

356:1 359:21

362:17 369:19

370:13

door 214:13

230:16 234:11

doors 214:20

dope 108:14

dorsey 349:20

double 51:18

doubt 232:20

263:1

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282:17

downright

72:13

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downturn 167:9

doyal 2:15 28:13

28:14

dozen 241:19

334:8

dozens 52:16

193:18

dr 41:20 210:5

225:20 226:1

draft 129:21

207:5

drafted 312:5

drag 229:7

dragging 166:22

dramatic 70:20

167:9 262:15

303:15 321:20

367:22

dramatically

147:8 216:8

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293:18

drastic 285:8

287:17

draw 59:2

drawing 135:17

212:2

dream 340:9

365:3

dreamed 95:7

dried 99:1 171:1

348:2

drive 21:3 29:4

35:3 51:3 72:2

81:8 104:8,10

167:5 186:11

252:4 298:22

driven 23:13

118:20,20

160:13,16

319:8 371:20

driver 124:11

127:8 250:15

256:14 284:22

289:8

drivers 45:18

74:17 192:17

217:4 251:15

256:13

drives 205:8

driving 95:1,22

105:1 181:21

191:18 207:16

259:5

drop 71:11 81:5

294:8

dropin 51:22

dropped 68:18

85:12 234:3

291:21 335:15

336:9

drops 308:7

drought 84:11

233:18,22

239:19 254:17

drove 233:18,22

drug 363:14

dry 281:13

282:8,16 283:4

298:12,12

338:22

dryers 117:18

dubuque 216:19

due 14:21 46:3

57:21 59:16

67:21 70:8

81:14 89:1

122:6,18
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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e85 21:1,3,7,10

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econometric

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26:21 29:8

35:18 41:7,11

41:15 42:3,22

44:6,6 50:1,9

59:14 60:21,22

64:9 80:1

82:18 90:21

98:12 99:7

100:19 106:18

110:18,20

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124:11 127:8

128:17 142:15

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160:13,16

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172:14 174:22

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186:2 187:17

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210:8 220:14

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276:18 282:22

285:1,2 286:14

289:9,11

310:19 315:16

320:19 321:11

325:12 359:15

360:10 366:16

366:18 367:17

368:13,14

economically

258:5

economics 42:9

81:3 82:15

350:13 363:1

economies 87:14

124:12 135:15

161:14 220:21

255:15 278:9

285:10 293:17

370:20

economist 350:1

economists

144:21

economy 21:8

26:8 28:20

32:13 34:5

46:14 47:7

49:4 58:20

61:11 79:19,21

90:19 96:16

104:7 117:14

117:22 118:10

119:18 144:17

159:15 169:3,7

172:15 173:9

175:5 176:11

180:13 186:10

230:15 243:11

252:10,18

271:19 273:4

277:15 280:11

283:11 285:6

286:5 287:7,18

288:16 289:19

296:8 297:19

303:5 331:9

333:1 368:1

370:9

ed 327:3 330:9

edible 155:20

educate 180:3

educated 365:15

education 50:20

53:1 278:5,8

278:11

educator 369:17

edward 9:7

309:11

effect 73:18 78:9

82:10 102:1,3

102:19 158:7

161:12 175:6

201:3 204:10

209:7 229:14

232:5 285:6,15

312:21 321:11

341:8

effective 54:13

55:6 176:3

268:19 336:1

effectively

132:20

effects 67:11

113:9 150:9

210:16 229:18

325:21 341:6

efficiencies 25:4

31:1 146:8

156:8 237:12

259:5 286:14

302:20 321:21

efficiency 51:19

66:21 124:1

151:2 236:11

286:9 293:19

303:1,12

313:22

efficient 51:12

51:16 82:8

90:13 148:9

180:20 181:1

250:19 291:15
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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124:10 135:14

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287:6 289:18

294:1 297:17

298:18 299:22

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314:21 315:4

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321:17 327:4

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346:7 348:18

348:19 352:8

354:11,17

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enforce 69:14

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engagement

13:3

engel 7:16

235:19 257:7,9

enger 5:20

157:14 177:6,6

engine 53:17

54:3,8,22

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1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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93:2 98:4,9

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122:20 129:9

131:9 132:18

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147:14 148:10

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242:6 245:12

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275:12 279:3

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319:11 320:5

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322:17 325:2,9

325:13 326:1

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epas 20:20 21:11

22:13 28:2,22

36:5 67:2,9

68:12 69:6

72:22 93:11

103:4,11,16

108:22 131:7

131:22 132:9

134:1,19

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Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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242:1,5 244:5

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250:21 251:4,9

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258:14 260:14

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262:19,21

263:4,5,18

264:17 265:5

265:14 267:20

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269:11,22

270:6,7,13

272:19 273:2

273:16 275:8

275:16,17

276:15,22

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280:19,20

281:13 282:9

282:16,18

283:4 284:19

285:11,16

286:6,8,14,17

287:19 288:9

288:17 290:13

290:19 291:1

291:14 294:17

296:9,14
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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263:20,22

275:16 276:5

277:20 279:20

305:11 307:2

320:4 338:2

363:11 368:17

familyowned

336:21

familys 80:15

118:2

famous 199:1

fan 107:4

far 12:5 15:19

49:8 107:5

159:20 163:4

191:4 208:6,18

217:21 254:3

256:16

fargo 183:15,16

183:20,22

farley 216:20

farm 41:14 43:6

43:7 44:1 80:9

81:3 83:6,10

83:13,16,20

86:8 89:7,12

90:7 91:19

92:2 97:8

98:10 113:13

113:15 114:1,8

117:14,17

118:2 127:1

128:12 129:3

145:14,15,16

147:2,20

149:16 152:19

153:14,17

155:19 157:3

158:18,21

160:5,10,12

161:11 162:20

165:11 167:20

167:22,22

168:4,7 169:9

174:16,17

177:7 178:5

224:4 228:11

228:15,16,17

229:21 230:5

231:17,18

232:1 233:1,2

233:2,4,11,14

233:15 234:19

236:7,7 237:11

238:15 239:6

240:18 241:5

242:14 244:20

245:19 246:13

248:1 254:2,4

262:13,14

263:10,20,22

264:6,11 276:5

279:20 281:7
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 403

286:5 288:16

298:1 302:5,5

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338:2 340:8

347:12 348:4

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farmer 76:11

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feasibility

325:13 345:8

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february 352:12

fed 357:6

federal 21:14

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148:15 152:15

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291:21 304:6

332:8,12

360:17

federation

167:22

feed 26:1 43:14

78:6 81:20

82:1,2,9 97:20

99:3 114:11,13

114:16 115:1

146:11 151:14

153:18,20

154:2,6,15

155:20 156:10

156:16 164:1

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190:14 193:10

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133:20 249:12

feeder 148:4

164:18

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feedlots 77:4

369:16

feedstock 26:8

42:8,12,12,14

46:12 88:6

128:5 204:2

211:16,22

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220:4 259:2

260:22 289:7

feedstocks 40:1

43:4 46:9

61:19 86:16

211:19 212:3

213:2

feedstuff 156:12

157:1

feedstuffs

158:11

feedyard 156:7

156:15

feedyards

247:12 250:18

356:21

feel 49:8 57:22

93:1,11 192:9

207:9 209:1

234:13 279:7

282:10 300:21

374:18

feels 58:3 163:4
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 404

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229:7

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fermentation

295:21 296:3,6

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followed 238:6

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following 14:14

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125:2 149:18

254:18 262:14

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food 62:4 102:15

129:14 146:12

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231:2,5,5

258:20 260:19

260:22 261:9

307:14 331:10

333:4 347:9,11

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348:6,10,13,20

348:22 366:20

foods 26:1

foot 307:9,10

footprint 126:12

177:19 179:3

181:1 247:18

274:6

force 129:15

189:22 207:16

218:14 298:14

343:14
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 405

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forcing 25:2

319:17

ford 104:4 252:4

forecasted 30:12

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fourthgenerat...

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fruit 311:14

fruition 289:1

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frustrated 131:6

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frustrating

369:3

fs 83:14

fuel 1:3 12:3,10

12:17 13:21

14:2,17 15:1

16:5,9 20:22

21:7,14 26:7,8

26:16,18 27:11

28:14,18 29:21

30:4,7,9,18

31:8 32:2 33:3

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53:21,22 54:4

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65:4,6 67:4,5

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82:13 85:14,18

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95:1 96:21

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101:17 103:14

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110:13 111:20

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120:21 123:1,4

123:21 124:9

124:11 126:17

126:19 127:3

128:15 129:7

129:20 134:2

136:17,18

137:1,15

142:10,13

143:4 145:19

146:12 148:19

151:1,12,14,18

153:5 154:5,15

155:5 157:22

159:14,19,21

162:4,8 163:7

163:8,20

164:22 166:19

171:20,21,22

172:11 174:10

176:17 177:16

177:22 183:12

183:15 184:6

185:20 187:2

187:14 188:19

189:7 192:16

194:2,19 195:1

195:4 196:10

196:16 197:8

197:10,12,16

198:8,14,22

203:13,16,20
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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fueling 276:13

298:6 364:5

fuels 13:2 24:11

24:20 27:2

30:4 31:22

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38:19 39:4

45:1 47:10

48:3,5 49:5,21

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full 88:21 93:17

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fulltime 90:18

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functioning 68:4

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329:7

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57:13

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future 21:15

27:3,22 28:1

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52:7,10 80:14

88:8 104:1

114:9 134:3

143:14 155:10

155:11 159:8

182:17 186:21

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295:1,10 305:2

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365:14,21

futures 155:12

306:5

G

g 4:18 11:1

g7 325:17

gabe 6:3 170:15

185:12,13

gain 58:8 163:9

gained 82:21

gainfully 58:10

gains 293:19

365:22

gal 181:8

gallon 21:20

28:15 65:4,6

97:15 98:21,22

101:20 105:11

136:6,8 159:12

167:15 177:13

181:12,13,13

183:20 188:3

213:4 216:21

227:12,15

242:1 244:16

250:1 253:19

259:21 282:13

286:8 301:15

316:13,14

319:9,16,18

321:1 322:11

325:5 329:4

335:16 342:6

353:13,15

354:3 355:20

357:22 358:1

372:2

gallons 14:13

15:9,13 24:4,5

24:6,13 28:7,8

30:17 39:1

40:13 43:2

47:19,19 48:11

48:19 60:12

66:4 73:8,8,9

73:21,22 74:2

74:2,4,6,10

75:13 76:19,22

84:3,4,5,7,10

84:13,14,17,17

84:20 85:8

87:20 88:19

90:11 98:17

102:22 110:14

110:15 112:4

117:6 130:20

132:3,5,8,10

132:11 138:18

138:20 139:18

145:20 146:5,9

151:6 172:7

176:15 177:1
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 407

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galva 90:9

371:12

galveston

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galvin 6:7

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game 239:22

354:15

gamechanging

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gap 15:10,14

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garnett 312:14

gas 20:7 26:15

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105:1,6,10

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308:9 321:7

336:15 346:12

357:22 358:1,8

360:15 362:14

368:20

gases 48:20

100:17 102:22

155:4 300:12

gasohol 236:18

270:1 290:8

291:2,8

gasoline 20:14

20:16 21:4,22

22:2 24:9

29:22 33:7

48:11 54:1

77:7 85:17

100:11 102:20

106:5 123:21

143:6,13,19

144:9,16 145:2

148:10 150:5

150:11,17

154:22 155:2

159:11 179:7

181:16 183:18

194:8 204:6

219:4 230:13

274:18 276:21

291:3,4,8

294:18 298:7

300:13 307:1

316:18,19

319:16,19

321:16 322:16

332:16,20

341:21 342:11

346:13 360:13

363:1,3 366:4

gasrelated 144:6

gateway 83:13

gdp 163:18

geared 147:9

gene 4:4 76:2

97:3 99:16

100:21

general 29:15

65:17 134:17

134:18 188:1

190:10 191:9

193:4 216:19

257:9 264:13

320:11 330:12

334:14 335:2

336:20 347:6

370:6

generally 68:5

106:13 123:8

138:8

generate 60:21

70:15 106:18

107:21 219:8

250:12 259:3

generated 90:20

130:5 135:3

140:4,6,8,9

341:3 372:2

generates 79:22

148:15 163:11

242:7 260:10

364:20

generating

57:20 61:4

259:17 278:10

339:17

generation

80:10 97:12

103:17 111:5

115:6 119:13

136:11 152:18

153:1 155:9

168:6 178:2

182:5 223:13

232:22 236:9,9

240:17 264:6

264:17 294:3

302:10 313:11

generations 27:3

80:9,14 152:2

152:5 155:10

155:12,18

239:7 265:6

307:3 361:18

geneseo 89:6

genetics 88:10

302:16

gengenbach 5:6

141:9,10

149:10,11

gentleman

188:16

gentlemen 59:13

335:8 337:4

364:14

geographic

310:10

geographical

50:6

george 281:15

georgia 295:21

germany 290:5

germplasm

281:8

getting 90:13

96:4 104:10

154:5 176:2

214:1 291:16

302:4 308:15

327:16 339:12

344:17

ghg 93:18

giese 10:6 344:8

371:9

gilbert 2:22 11:8

44:14,14

gilead 231:16,21

gina 112:21

girl 292:17

give 13:15 33:18

52:8 87:3

125:19 143:22

165:22 170:21

192:19 202:11

241:7 243:8

255:20 301:3

318:10,21

322:8 337:17

339:21 366:12

369:1

given 17:15

30:11 40:8

41:9 67:2

123:14 124:5

158:6 194:14

237:6 240:3

298:18 306:6

361:14 362:1

362:21 363:20

gives 49:17

147:5 174:5

247:17 259:11

261:3 298:2

311:18

giving 18:19

62:13 160:1

176:6 231:10

252:2 259:13

263:2 275:22
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 408

306:2 320:5

369:4,4

global 50:3,5

59:16 77:8

130:16 167:5

172:19,21

179:8 211:3,4

211:7 218:19

219:2 284:15

293:1 348:8

globally 77:18

171:6 211:1

globe 323:8

glycerin 43:20

go 13:18 19:2,20

37:19 39:8

41:4 48:18

49:8 56:16

58:8 62:21

63:13,21 65:19

66:11,18 80:13

83:3 94:14

107:5 113:18

113:19 125:5

135:17 141:12

141:15 157:13

157:16 159:20

163:4 170:14

185:12 199:3

202:16 203:4

205:18 217:21

223:4 235:17

236:16 249:8

251:18 256:4

262:3 272:12

279:20 280:4

281:13 283:20

303:21 305:20

309:16 327:11

330:2 339:12

344:6 355:11

361:15 362:20

375:4

goal 16:4 25:6,7

54:19 63:17

93:21 159:20

208:1 215:3

219:6 229:3

goals 20:19 26:6

36:4 44:22

69:9 98:4

137:16 161:20

162:2,2,7

199:17 230:10

279:5 282:20

296:11 349:8

god 138:2 306:5

goes 19:13 154:4

181:22 240:4

254:14 271:11

330:1 333:7

339:4,5

going 11:11 13:7

13:15,18 16:20

19:8 33:21

37:18 38:9

51:4 63:4,13

64:14 65:8,9

65:20 66:8

94:10 96:7,20

111:7 113:16

119:5 124:21

124:22 134:17

138:4,7 140:19

152:10 156:1

180:5 196:20

202:9,12,15

240:14 243:8,9

249:9 258:16

302:8,10 318:8

325:20 326:11

326:16 329:13

331:22 336:22

338:2 343:14

343:22 344:1,3

344:4,19

355:11 357:9

357:12 368:6

368:17 370:16

374:22 375:1

gold 154:17

golden 168:13

281:22

good 4:3 11:2,14

20:2 23:3

24:18 28:13

31:15 34:16

38:4 41:5

47:10 50:12

52:20,21 55:4

56:17 60:7

63:5,9 69:19

76:3 79:11

89:5 91:18

94:15,15 97:3

99:14 101:13

104:6 106:1

109:19 113:17

115:17 119:6

130:14 133:16

136:3 145:9

148:2 149:10

152:8 155:15

157:16,17

160:4 167:19

170:18 174:13

180:1 181:5

182:10 185:13

190:9 193:3

196:19 199:7

202:15 203:6

216:18 223:6

224:18,22

225:15 233:7

236:2 239:2,17

240:8 244:3

249:19 253:14

255:14 257:7

259:17 260:15

266:14 284:5

295:18 298:13

299:19 304:3,3

304:5,7,8,9

307:2 309:17

314:14 329:13

330:11 331:8

334:1 337:13

345:2 347:5

348:18,20,22

349:19 352:3

356:12 357:14

358:5,5,6

364:14 365:13

370:5

goodpaying

169:10 175:20

225:1

goods 204:7,8

gorbachev 34:10

gorton 243:22

goto 260:15

gotten 138:13

262:17,17,18

governing 207:4

government

61:16 81:11

95:16 96:2

102:9 103:3

122:21 142:21

196:3,7 197:14

198:10,16,17

230:7 232:5,12

237:4 243:4

247:22 268:19

268:21 279:21

280:3,9,10

285:13 287:20

301:22 302:1

304:6 316:9

320:4 332:8,8

332:12 333:10

361:21 362:8

governmental

283:13

governor 120:11

121:6,10 122:4

122:8 169:17

grab 206:11

gradually 98:5

219:9 331:5

graduate 345:5

graduated 73:3

254:5 337:21

graduation

153:12 262:15

grain 89:6 97:9

99:1,6 117:18

117:18 118:13

118:17 125:14

126:21 129:10

133:17 149:1

153:18 156:5

156:13,20

158:4,11 159:4

161:2,5,9

162:16 163:19

171:2,8 178:17

212:16 231:16

232:15 233:10

234:2 235:1

244:19 245:4

246:13 247:17

270:7 272:22

281:22 297:20

301:14 303:8

303:14,20

315:21 316:1

352:22 357:5

363:22 364:20

grainhandling

178:7

grains 77:3,16

78:6 82:4,5

102:5 126:20

146:9 158:13

160:6 163:20

163:22 176:16

178:12 255:7

267:14 273:2

338:18 348:3

357:1

grand 202:7

290:11

grandchildren

150:14 152:2
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 409

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grandfather

145:15 254:1

277:18

grandfathered

321:5

grandkids 305:2

305:6,20

grandpa 255:22

304:16

grandparents

263:11

grant 3:13 29:15

30:6 37:21

72:20 75:15

189:6 351:13

granted 20:18

318:13 360:4

granting 72:16

grants 48:16

57:14 182:18

grassroots

320:16

gravel 175:13

great 12:6 32:14

36:10 40:6

47:3 70:17

71:16 110:17

113:10,21

115:5 122:1

145:14 150:22

154:1 168:18

202:9 234:19

235:1,22

256:17 281:2

295:4 304:20

305:5 352:5

365:18 366:6

greater 59:10

61:7 67:5 80:6

278:20 316:15

321:7 359:5

greatest 154:15

162:5

greatgrandchi...

362:19

greatgrandfat...

290:5

greatly 31:3

212:12 266:6

316:11

greattasting

153:22

greco 2:12 19:22

20:2,4

green 19:9,10

104:13 154:18

185:15 186:4,8

208:3 224:8

249:21,22

252:19 253:10

253:18 254:10

256:7 257:5,10

258:8,18

261:15 366:2

greencollared

300:22

greenhouse

26:15 34:6

36:2,5,12 37:2

39:5 40:3

48:19 77:9,14

80:22 100:17

102:22 135:14

139:1 144:6

155:3 162:8

179:6,9,16

187:15 207:13

208:2 215:3

230:12 245:1,4

245:10 300:12

300:14 321:7

336:15 346:12

362:14

greg 5:3 6:5

120:12 141:8

142:3 170:16

190:9

gregor 223:2

grew 83:18 85:1

224:3 264:9

278:4 281:17

293:18 331:3

grid 193:14

gridlock 182:22

grind 281:13

282:9,16 283:4

357:6

grip 252:8

grit 308:14

grits 347:16

grocery 118:7

204:7 366:19

gross 273:10

ground 33:16

214:2 247:16

254:15,19

339:13

group 20:4

71:20 226:3

244:8 258:9,11

258:15 274:14

306:17 307:9

323:4

groups 117:12

223:19

grove 171:3

grow 51:12

61:18 85:4

114:15,17

119:3 138:11

142:15 151:7

151:13 154:12

155:19 158:19

187:20 188:18

221:4 222:9

228:16 243:12

246:16 256:9

266:1 267:21

295:8 308:16

331:5,15,17

grower 148:17

155:16 177:7

growers 34:19

34:22 35:4,19

37:4 44:3

79:21 83:5

86:10,13 89:10

118:12 142:4

145:11,12

148:18 149:13

173:14 174:19

179:15 182:13

183:4 228:9

231:14 233:9

286:15 349:12

355:18

growing 23:6

41:11 49:4

81:20 123:13

128:13 142:10

147:12 172:8

179:3 209:18

212:14 218:9

219:5 232:7

250:14,17

251:14 264:1

280:11 304:7

318:11 363:21

365:10 368:18

grown 53:5

110:2 121:20

168:9 186:10

224:13 250:3

321:10 346:10

grows 219:9

growth 15:19,20

16:9 25:18

27:6 29:4

31:17,18 40:16

41:1,1 49:8

68:6 73:13

74:3 75:8

82:18 124:9

134:3,14

175:19,19

186:20 216:4

217:20 218:4

220:22 221:12

223:16 224:7

225:11 253:5

265:21 267:22

273:21 278:16

278:19 282:5

294:20 304:1

370:12,19

growthoriented

253:2

guard 59:9

guardian 309:20

309:20

guardians 310:8

guebert 91:21

guess 156:18

197:12 328:4

333:12 350:21

351:1 360:14

guidance 260:6

260:9,10

guide 207:9

guidelines 349:4

gulf 218:15

gun 305:17

gutz 7:8 223:3,3

241:1,1

guys 63:6 65:17

141:13 204:5

272:16

H

hadnt 216:8

haley 174:17

half 80:18

214:11 217:5,8

335:16 341:16

halt 77:12 79:3

321:22

hamburgers

148:7

hammerstein

107:4

hammond

257:22

hampers 122:10

hampshire
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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293:4

hand 13:7,16

16:19 49:18

62:6 237:14

344:13

handful 200:19

239:16

handle 27:11

49:13

handling 125:19

125:20

handouts

242:19

hands 72:15

108:17 181:20

hanging 134:6

hangs 92:12

hannah 5:7

141:10 152:10

hansen 8:15

272:12 304:15

304:15 306:13

hanson 10:5

344:8 370:5,5

happen 91:1

107:21 110:18

153:10 224:20

239:5 242:22

249:9

happened 85:12

91:1 100:22

happening 66:3

135:5,6 271:14

happens 239:15

329:17

happy 22:22

44:11 109:6

279:8 374:20

hard 46:11 55:4

90:5 93:8

153:14 154:12

187:1 194:6

197:20 229:12

234:16 255:13

290:3 300:6

349:6,7

hardearned

263:4 282:1

315:14

hardship 220:13

hardworking

170:5 254:12

256:3 257:4

300:1,22

harleydavidson

51:2

harm 21:1 22:16

32:12 64:9

119:6 129:6

194:1 305:15

310:19 359:15

360:10 366:16

harmful 124:10

325:21 366:9

harold 199:1

harshest 366:7

hartman 3:18

56:12 83:4,4

harvest 128:11

254:7

harvesting

250:17 263:7

323:11

hat 63:15 276:3

276:8 277:4,17

hate 232:9

305:14

hats 276:3

haul 234:20

haven 189:22

havent 42:18

74:17 102:16

326:10

hawkins 265:13

265:22 266:4

hay 83:18

head 284:6

287:12 329:22

356:21 357:16

headed 305:19

headon 148:18

headquartered

171:3 203:10

253:19

headquarters

11:20 13:12

118:3 191:6

225:2 256:3

257:11

heads 357:4

health 29:8

77:13 108:6

150:13 152:4,5

164:10 252:18

284:18 299:22

345:13

healthier 36:9

156:13 346:20

healthy 25:3

123:5

hear 12:2 38:9

41:19 51:4

148:3 168:22

188:8,13

191:22 194:11

195:3 203:17

227:10 283:8

289:17 331:12

331:14 340:12

heard 11:22

113:8 115:11

117:13 119:10

157:5 168:22

169:16 183:9

188:9,16

190:19 196:1

209:13 305:16

331:21 347:9

350:2,18

hearing 1:2

11:12,21 12:8

13:18 16:13,20

16:22 17:5,7,9

19:15 66:15,17

84:1 170:20

226:20 236:3

238:8 266:16

287:4 289:17

352:12 374:21

375:11

hearings 133:21

heart 158:6

168:11 242:17

269:11

heartbreaker

46:18

heartland 11:21

255:16

heat 193:13

heavily 209:19

219:1 232:14

heavy 53:11

heffelfinger

4:19 109:18

133:16,17

height 350:13

heights 171:3

held 62:6 190:6

232:11,13

341:16

hell 41:20

hello 44:14

206:22 231:13

304:15 312:12

361:7

help 39:1 51:11

163:8 205:18

208:2 209:4

228:2 232:7,19

248:19 266:3,7

279:21 280:12

281:16 282:19

284:16 296:5

301:4 307:7,8

308:21 366:3

373:12

helped 96:12

114:2 118:12

124:9 142:19

153:19 161:10

207:5 229:19

237:10 255:9

259:3 264:15

281:17 303:8

315:5 317:3,4

334:3

helpful 259:10

344:21

helping 26:18

51:15 83:10

128:15 147:20

151:6 197:8

231:6 235:7

237:7 241:17

241:18 242:16

helps 118:6

154:22 244:20

298:3 348:20

henderson 6:4

170:15 188:1,1

hengst 2:6 13:7

13:9,10 127:11

133:15 136:2

137:20 141:6

145:8 148:1

149:9 152:7

155:14 157:9

162:21 165:3

167:18 177:5

179:22 182:9

185:4 187:22

190:8 193:2

199:6 206:21

210:3 213:12

216:17 219:16

222:15,19

223:4 225:19

228:7 231:12

233:6 235:17

238:13 240:22

243:19 247:5

249:17 271:22

343:21 344:2

344:19 355:9

374:21
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 411

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henry 90:19

91:15

herdler 3:3 11:9

48:1,1

heritage 239:7

herman 254:3

herring 229:7

hes 91:22 254:3

323:11

hesitant 88:7

hey 204:5

hi 48:1 62:22

103:21 188:1

241:1 287:11

292:21 306:16

367:11

high 46:3 67:14

71:17 82:8

83:9 99:2

119:14 126:6

140:1,12 149:2

178:11 205:6

231:21 233:20

254:5 258:4

318:21 329:14

329:15 335:18

337:9,21

highcompressi...

329:14

highcost 319:21

higher 14:14

27:10 32:21

33:5,17 43:2

43:18 44:9

49:9 55:6 62:8

67:5 68:19

69:2,4 73:13

74:18 75:1,7,8

87:1 91:11

95:16 100:3

107:20 144:10

144:16 151:1

166:17 183:20

184:17 187:7

196:10 199:15

200:11 209:17

212:17 218:1

229:3,22

241:11 242:4

251:3,13

256:14 276:14

282:19 283:12

294:15,17

296:14 298:3

312:22 319:3

319:22 322:15

322:16 327:17

335:12 349:13

351:5 354:5

360:3 364:6

higherblend

186:22 187:4

higherblended

107:21 185:20

highercompre...

332:15

highergrade

167:1

higherlevel

187:11 275:7

299:4

higherpriced

184:6

highertech

232:16

highest 42:20

265:1 327:7

highlight 116:5

212:5

highlighted

162:6

highlighting

234:7

highlights

160:16,18

highly 55:19

168:21

highoctane

97:22 143:4

241:21 340:16

343:2

highpaying

224:11

highperforma...

220:8

highpriced

357:5

highprotein

78:6 247:11

267:13 303:8

348:3

highquality

154:6 176:16

178:14 241:21

273:2 316:2

highskill 186:5

highspeed 339:8

highvalue 82:9

163:19 178:14

hill 57:3

hinder 370:19

hire 35:17

175:11

hired 214:1

338:6

hiring 216:22

historical 15:20

16:10 267:12

335:12

historically

42:20

history 21:6

42:14 126:7

134:22 139:20

139:21 251:6

hit 24:4 181:3

314:4

hoffman 3:4

11:9 50:12,14

hog 270:22

303:15

hogs 276:4

303:10

hold 11:21

198:17 289:3

326:11 350:4

holding 66:14

170:20 247:7

268:16 287:3

289:16 361:2

holdings 327:4

hole 65:15

holsteins 83:17

holzfaster 5:8

141:11 155:15

155:16

home 34:22

35:10 67:9

83:9 104:3

147:20 155:19

169:14 251:22

254:2 276:2

278:7 356:12

homegrown

146:12 190:5

276:10 278:17

hometown 159:3

159:7 278:5

honda 272:5,7,9

honest 104:15

194:16 300:6

honor 62:11

98:9 142:21

honored 254:10

hood 150:1

hoop 177:10

hoosier 60:9

62:2

hoosiers 61:15

hope 25:16

66:20 92:11,18

154:8 190:21

198:17 216:9

221:11 228:15

275:15 283:7

292:2 324:5

331:6 352:5

354:22

hoped 14:22

hopes 324:2

hoping 48:16

254:15 320:18

hopkinsville

116:6 188:3

189:14

horizon 364:17

367:12,21

369:12

hormone 149:18

149:21

horrible 214:15

hose 104:14

105:12 180:5

181:9 187:3

host 12:5 44:16

52:3

hostage 190:6

hot 367:19

hotel 368:9,11

hotels 175:15

hour 35:2

214:11

hours 193:13

214:7 351:17

house 145:14

182:21 233:10

housed 189:18

houston 270:18

howell 170:16

huge 82:20 99:7

153:16 182:3

263:2 304:2

hugoton 125:10

125:10,13,21

128:7 323:16

human 77:13

345:13,17

humanitarian

349:5

hundred 35:12

285:1

hundreds 55:9

89:1 201:5

225:7 286:2
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 412

319:17 349:2

364:20

hungry 348:14

hurt 95:22 105:2

112:14 167:11

234:13

hurting 46:13

265:7

husband 160:5,9

162:12 277:17

husbands

162:12

husker 241:2,18

hybrid 168:5

hydrocarbons

345:20

I

ibach 120:13

icm 312:13,13

338:19

icms 313:8,14

id 11:2 38:8

41:22 42:6

49:17 59:2

83:14 92:1

104:2 147:20

174:15 206:13

207:8 212:5

249:13 272:15

284:1 309:9

332:6 347:10

357:2 358:2

367:18

idea 113:17

129:5,8 338:9

ideal 82:17

identify 127:19

309:9

idle 88:1 206:7

ignore 30:15

143:8

ignores 33:5,6,7

33:8 68:11

169:11

ignoring 373:21

ii 1:5 272:19

274:2

ill 63:1 68:3

75:22 86:7

106:22 109:16

157:17 170:13

188:6 326:18

350:4 371:9

illegal 31:10

98:7

illinois 55:7 75:3

83:5,6,11 84:8

86:8,10,12,13

89:7,7,10

91:15,19 92:1

94:6 97:5,11

99:17 171:16

266:3 317:20

349:21 352:9

352:18

illogical 30:14

85:5

im 11:11,16 13:7

13:10,15 16:15

22:22 23:3

25:13,18 28:14

31:17 34:18

38:4 41:6

44:11,14,18

48:1,1 49:11

50:14,16 51:8

52:21 53:3

56:18 63:15

69:19 72:20

74:11 76:7,11

79:12,15 80:8

86:8 90:7

91:18,19 94:15

94:16,17 95:3

95:14 97:4

99:18 101:13

101:16,21,22

102:4,4 106:2

106:20 107:4

107:18 109:6

109:20 111:7

115:18 117:20

118:14 121:4

123:16 124:22

130:15 133:16

133:17,18

136:4 138:4,5

138:7 139:12

140:22 142:3

145:9,11,16

148:3 149:15

151:21 152:10

152:11,13,18

153:15 156:1

156:12 157:19

157:19,21

158:4,4 162:22

163:1 165:4

167:20,21

170:19 171:1

174:16,18

182:11 188:1

188:22 190:10

190:22 192:3

196:20 197:4

207:4,7 209:15

213:13,20

216:18 217:14

218:3,14,15

225:21 226:22

228:8,9 229:22

231:13,16

235:5 236:4

238:14,20

240:14 241:1,5

241:6 244:4,5

244:6 245:17

245:18 247:6

247:19 254:10

257:9 262:7,9

265:12,17

266:20 268:17

269:13 272:18

275:21 278:18

284:6,7 287:11

287:13 290:8

292:12,21

295:18 299:21

300:16 301:14

301:16 304:15

304:16,18,22

305:19 312:12

317:17 320:11

323:2 327:3

330:6,12,15

331:4,4 334:2

334:6,13

337:13,18

340:13,13

344:4,17 345:4

347:5,9 349:20

355:16,16,17

355:19 357:11

358:13 360:15

362:6 367:11

367:15 368:8,9

368:18 370:5,6

371:12

imagine 90:6

181:17 356:17

imagined 166:16

immeasurable

158:17

immediate

57:22 86:11

175:18 354:6

immediately

335:14 341:14

immensely 53:5

282:20

impact 44:8

45:19 48:13

55:3 56:21

57:22 67:3,11

78:10 81:7

99:7 116:6

120:4,17 123:8

126:20 128:19

129:9 143:1

152:1 158:17

162:19 164:9

164:16 186:9

193:20 203:14

211:17 213:2

240:11 244:12

244:12 254:11

258:21 260:2

265:3,20 266:5

282:22 285:9

287:18 293:16

346:3 361:22

367:22 370:8

impacted 67:20

120:18 145:4

152:16 267:22

361:10

impacting 271:5

impacts 20:22

31:2 41:11

43:11 67:21

78:14 173:9

186:2 209:16

211:2 353:5

imparted 157:4

impeded 33:12

impediment

70:10

impeding

137:10

impenetrable

72:9

imperative

46:19,22

126:17 320:13

implement

88:18 131:7,13

302:16 334:14

373:12

implementation

55:13 75:9

143:20 220:12

284:22 314:20

implemented

51:21 271:12
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 413

317:9 362:13

363:16

implementing

80:16 134:21

implications

81:10 210:19

212:4,6

implore 147:16

implored 34:10

import 148:20

222:2 248:13

343:4 353:16

importance 61:6

81:18 113:3

219:20 235:2

303:6 320:14

350:3

important 19:21

35:6,9 36:15

39:3 43:9

44:18 48:9,15

50:7 53:20

63:21 78:4

79:20 108:1

117:21 129:1,2

142:8 144:12

147:21 153:19

180:11 182:15

203:15 207:20

209:22 215:5

233:16 238:9

252:21 253:1

264:18 276:5

304:16 305:1

331:9 332:14

333:3,17 353:5

363:4

importantly

26:18 48:8

67:22 198:10

248:5 252:1

263:8 265:5

268:8 297:10

imported 36:17

48:22 49:3,14

59:17 209:7,9

209:13 282:21

342:20 343:13

importers

218:12

imports 27:16

29:6 49:18

98:2 209:16

217:7 218:6,9

219:12 250:9

342:18 343:5

353:19

impossible

195:17 263:21

impressive

183:7 202:9

improper

319:12,16

improve 25:9

48:6 49:20

50:8 77:13

100:12 123:11

124:1 135:13

146:8 155:10

158:19 167:7

237:12 274:5

284:17 302:16

315:7 320:19

improved 32:6

53:16 88:11

124:8 208:15

323:22 358:21

358:21,22

improvement

73:2,5 177:18

245:11

improvements

124:1 179:5

286:9

improves 50:3

218:21 250:21

improving 29:7

88:14 150:21

218:15 236:10

inability 72:12

282:4

inaccurate

73:15

inadequate 30:6

64:11 93:4

103:8 131:20

189:6 318:14

319:14 334:16

335:7 350:12

359:14 360:5

inappropriate

22:3

incentive 21:15

29:18 55:8

68:1,5,18 69:4

100:18 110:10

110:17 111:3

199:19 201:11

243:1,3 259:22

263:9,19

291:21 356:3

incentives

103:13 201:17

241:15,19

incentivize 15:8

15:21 133:9

161:17 195:7

351:4

incentivized

319:21

incentivizes

205:7 229:6

incentivizing

67:4

inception 33:13

78:17 82:21

293:8,15

315:10

inclement

206:17

include 20:8

27:6 46:9

53:11 144:15

244:13 328:14

328:20 334:22

included 30:18

106:8 163:11

182:18 212:8

217:7 269:19

276:22 310:16

310:22 319:6

319:10

includes 110:18

132:6 153:17

168:14 171:18

186:14 211:6

211:10

including 43:9

45:8 47:7,8

56:1 60:19

77:17 108:5

127:22 131:2

140:15 144:21

160:7 162:7

165:15 171:7

187:5 199:11

210:10 223:13

226:7 236:19

255:6 293:3

312:14 318:19

323:10 348:13

inclusion 270:21

278:20 321:15

366:8

income 98:12

147:3 244:18

251:2 302:6

303:22

incomes 169:9

incomprehens...

93:15

inconsistent

23:20 93:13

incorporate

139:14,15

incorporated

249:21 265:13

291:18 340:14

increase 22:4,5

25:8 26:4

27:13 30:3

31:1 33:22

40:12,14 43:1

45:21,22 47:13

49:9,11 51:17

69:21 73:6

75:11 81:11

95:4 102:21,22

115:9 123:9

129:19,21

130:1 139:17

143:18 147:1

148:17 156:7

159:18 175:9

181:19 208:16

214:3 217:22

235:9 268:7

274:8 281:11

282:8 284:16

294:15 303:12

303:22 312:17

317:11 319:9

348:13 359:6

366:22

increased 27:16

33:7 43:16

68:1 70:21

78:15 94:20

95:8 138:17

143:20,21

144:2,17 145:3

153:6 156:9

169:9 178:8,22

178:22 209:11

212:20 213:2

229:20 242:11

274:20 286:13

286:15 294:1

303:7 304:5,7

315:9

increases 20:17

21:10 23:18

39:20 49:14

68:8,20 70:20

71:4 73:4
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 414

77:15 131:14

173:16 230:1

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increasing 15:2

16:4 23:16

24:2 39:9 56:1

78:2,13,19

95:9 97:20

175:7 184:3

201:15 218:16

230:3 234:11

235:10 236:10

273:16 296:22

increasingly

74:18 211:3

incredible 246:9

302:18

incredibly 55:5

incremental

281:11

indecision 283:3

independence

51:5 59:15

110:12 124:8

126:16 137:16

158:3 159:18

163:6 164:22

229:1 269:3

287:6 289:19

297:17 298:18

300:3 310:12

315:4 329:19

333:3,4 348:19

359:5,10

independent

32:7 95:3

106:4 107:15

107:15 111:14

128:16

independents

368:22 369:1

index 259:16

indiana 60:8,11

60:15,19,22

61:6,9,11

62:17 257:21

indicated 100:21

199:12

indicates 184:11

indicating

131:13

indication

286:22

indicator 19:9

89:18 285:4

289:12

indirect 52:15

248:4 267:3

315:11

indirectly 89:13

193:18 246:4

individual 55:2

55:3 67:21

98:14 137:7

175:6

individually

323:9

individuals 18:1

164:13 267:5

278:14 315:14

357:11

industrial

121:12 186:16

236:20 258:20

261:2,9 265:12

industrialgrade

60:16

industrializes

126:15

industries 126:9

173:20 174:5

175:4 183:1

210:10 223:12

224:5,7 259:1

264:18 266:4

283:2 322:2

industry 14:8

20:7 25:15,17

27:12,22 30:8

32:12,15,18

33:1,13 35:21

36:22 37:9

38:18,20 39:14

39:22 40:5,17

41:11,12 47:5

47:6,11,15

49:13 50:21

51:12,15 52:18

55:15 60:10

64:20 65:2,4,8

65:10 66:1,3

77:22 79:18

81:16,19 82:1

82:3,3 84:19

85:9 87:19

88:1 92:8,12

94:17 95:13

96:13 98:6

99:11 100:1,19

101:10 103:2

110:6,11

111:12,22

112:3 113:3,21

115:4 119:18

120:5,6 121:1

121:13,21

126:22 132:4

133:8 134:12

139:2 142:6,10

142:20,22

143:19,22

146:16 147:6

156:1,3,4,22

158:7,17

160:14,17,21

160:22 161:2,4

161:10,12,22

162:19 163:10

163:15 165:22

166:8,14,15,22

167:12 168:12

169:6 172:3,14

173:18 174:21

175:3 176:2,4

176:10,22

180:11 182:4,5

187:19 189:8

194:13,18

196:9 197:12

198:6,15

208:10,18

209:7,18,19

212:11 215:9

216:11 217:7,8

218:10,12,16

219:21 220:7,9

221:3,6,17

222:10 223:12

223:16,20,21

224:2,6,10,22

225:3,8,8,12

225:14 232:18

234:6,9 235:3

235:4 236:15

237:18 242:18

243:12 244:14

244:17,22

245:6 246:17

246:17,21

251:12 252:15

255:18 256:9

256:18 259:5

259:13 260:11

260:15,18,20

261:8 262:19

263:18 264:6

264:21 265:5,6

265:14 266:8

269:12,22

273:9,12,14,20

274:3 275:1,3

275:5,6 277:12

277:12 279:4

281:18 282:18

284:20 285:18

288:2,9 293:7

293:12,18

294:14,20

296:1,2,9,15

298:14 302:11

304:1 310:15

310:20 311:4

311:16 314:7,9

315:20 316:8

317:1,1,2,6,7

320:14 321:10

321:14,20,21

327:19 330:21

338:18 340:2,5

351:5,8 358:16

363:22 369:7

372:11 373:14

374:7

industrys 40:20

111:19 162:4

218:2 221:9

299:12

inequity 99:18

inevitable

264:14

inexcusably

165:18

infinite 232:21

inflated 343:11

influence 173:21

242:6 306:3

influenced

137:7

inform 283:9

informally 17:7

information

42:4 54:21

99:9 136:21

144:8 147:16

198:19 279:9

338:4

informed 122:4

infrastructure

20:13 29:13

37:10 40:4

62:8 68:16

69:1,5 87:1

88:12 103:14

108:4 118:17

127:22 128:3
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 415

131:20 174:10

178:8 195:11

199:14,22

200:21 201:11

201:19 206:19

229:8 241:13

241:16,18

246:12 248:20

253:5 266:1

273:22 298:6

299:3,5 303:21

312:18,19

319:2,22 325:9

328:22 329:7

337:1,8 351:5

351:9 360:2,5

360:8,22

366:13

ingenuity

197:20 304:10

ingredients 38:5

164:2 171:10

295:21 347:17

348:22

inherent 125:20

321:14 346:6

inherit 301:7

inhofe 64:16

initial 122:17

133:1 191:20

initiative 101:22

injected 32:4

injection 96:9

140:13

inner 211:16

innovating

31:22 62:4

innovation

65:21 118:20

121:3 135:10

161:21 264:1,5

286:19 321:18

321:19 331:19

371:19

innovations

31:6 230:16

374:5

innovative

264:22 294:22

315:2

innovators

127:9 373:19

input 153:21

233:21 316:17

inputs 114:18

117:15 124:2

349:13

inside 221:7

338:4

insight 125:20

instability

144:16 293:21

install 37:10

62:8 69:4

241:15 268:5

installation

54:14 189:16

190:2

installed 132:4

136:17

instance 276:20

institute 20:5

329:6

instructive 64:6

insufficient

33:16

insult 59:20

insurance 78:16

171:9 239:14

240:9,10

intact 201:7

integral 267:20

integrate 52:4

integrated 20:8

52:11 107:11

171:6 188:13

245:18 313:12

intend 52:3

intended 15:18

15:21 23:14

29:4 101:4,9

134:14 138:11

152:16 161:16

179:20 201:14

246:22 252:22

266:11 269:4

271:13 275:11

304:12 315:4

317:9 322:19

325:16 341:13

357:15 360:20

365:2,3 372:22

373:2,8

intends 215:13

216:4

intensity 100:15

100:16

intent 26:22

30:2 33:9

85:16 86:21

87:18 88:9

93:6 98:9

115:12 133:7

133:13 134:22

138:14 158:2

159:17 166:12

167:6 168:20

188:21 189:2

221:5 271:16

282:7 285:12

288:21 312:17

313:6 341:9

350:11 355:2

365:4 372:20

intention 131:13

intentionally

221:15

intentions 127:6

129:19 130:7

315:3

intently 19:16

interaction

41:13

interest 135:4

198:20 297:7

329:16,17,18

interested 17:2

246:22 291:12

interests 60:10

87:13 165:12

173:20 365:16

interfere 365:4

interference

87:10

interlocking

89:9

internal 68:13

144:20

international

130:17 172:9

210:21 212:21

373:12

internationally

82:10 210:15

220:3 258:12

interpret 359:21

interpretation

134:16,19

334:16 335:13

interpreted

200:12

interrelations...

211:14

interruption

283:17 344:22

intersection

158:5

intransigence

328:11

introduce 41:10

62:8 174:15

introduced

24:10 82:2

107:2 251:12

271:9 296:3

introduction

13:16

inuse 73:17

invalid 22:3

invaluable

82:14

invented 134:16

371:18

inver 171:3

invest 30:22

100:18 103:13

197:22 198:11

237:11 244:9

249:6 250:18

252:9,19

256:19 263:3,6

296:13 302:15

319:21 331:15

351:5,7 354:10

invested 33:11

87:19 88:10

131:1 132:17

164:14 182:16

194:6 201:5

224:2 232:14

274:15 291:20

293:8 311:12

320:2 322:1

330:18 349:7

356:19 373:10

investigation

358:3

investing 89:21

97:10 273:13

282:1 295:13

investment

33:10 58:2,3

58:21 64:7

88:1 95:11

98:11,11

103:16 119:1,1

119:10 121:2,9

121:15,22

122:6,16

132:13 133:9

177:11 199:14

199:20,22

200:4 201:3,12

201:19 244:8

246:1 247:1,13
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 416

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310:16 311:14

319:4 320:17

321:19 325:4,9

332:5 354:9

355:22 356:11

356:22 366:1

373:14

investments

21:12 31:6

88:7 96:7

118:21 119:7

134:9 142:18

197:2 200:20

232:17 250:16

253:3 259:4,13

274:2 275:5

287:2 294:2

299:2 373:17

investor 196:1

244:6 279:16

301:14 356:9

367:12,20

371:12

investors 92:13

98:11 122:17

137:4,11

193:17 217:17

244:11 245:9

249:8 275:17

285:16 288:7

294:2 315:1

318:10 320:17

330:17 364:18

365:1 367:21

371:15

inviting 12:20

involved 13:13

31:19 48:16

83:12 97:8

125:8,12

127:14 164:17

171:7 236:4

245:18 331:6

358:16

involving 52:6

236:7

iowa 66:12,15

67:9 69:20

70:8 71:6,10

72:20 73:11,19

74:1,6,10,17

75:2,6,9 89:21

94:15 97:11,13

99:17 188:15

190:11 191:4

197:3 198:4

216:20 223:8

223:18 224:3

224:20 236:5

250:2 266:2

275:22 276:2

278:7 279:16

279:22 282:13

300:1 301:16

302:2,22

304:19 310:6

320:13 321:11

330:12,13

371:12

iowans 70:4

iowas 74:15

iowaspecific

73:11

ip 324:16

ireland 198:4,5

irfa 70:3 73:6

irishness 196:20

irishowned

196:22

ironically

214:10

irrelevant 17:11

irreparable

129:6

irresponsible

299:9

irrigated 245:19

irrigation 151:5

island 207:2

208:3

isnt 149:5 153:6

183:14 187:18

226:12 227:9

242:18 305:22

348:6 357:14

358:5

issuance 136:13

289:5 373:6

issue 50:8 120:4

131:21 135:17

182:15 207:20

207:21 294:12

367:6 374:2

issued 180:17

190:18 289:6

issues 13:1

20:14 22:22

74:17 131:20

150:14 202:14

210:22 230:20

260:7 312:3

issuing 131:16

225:11 288:19

itd 202:15

itll 59:1 102:2,2

102:16,19

103:1 287:21

ive 48:15 52:22

96:13 102:8,8

102:12,12,13

122:10 156:7

157:4 176:19

190:19 191:5

210:14 224:4

229:17 237:3

246:13 247:22

257:13 262:15

290:6 334:4,6

356:19 357:3

358:9,16

363:10 367:21

369:18

J

j 8:21

jack 1:20

james 2:17

37:12

jane 8:16 306:16

janet 283:7

jantzen 5:14

141:17 165:4,4

january 42:2

138:18 184:7

212:18 254:6

jarboe 3:19

56:11 86:7,8

jargon 195:18

jay 223:2 323:10

323:11,14,16

323:18,20

324:1

jays 324:5

jed 7:3 203:2

233:7

jeff 3:19 5:20

7:8,14 8:20

56:11 86:7

92:9 157:14

177:6 223:2

235:19 241:1

249:20 292:14

312:12

jennifer 3:5 11:9

52:21 56:4

jeopardize

61:14 155:11

jeopardizing

359:2

jerk 111:17

jerke 8:19

292:12,13,13

292:14 309:17

309:19

jerry 6:19 7:22

8:5 223:6

262:1,4 269:13

279:14

jessi 239:6

jim 4:5 6:7 10:4

34:18 76:2

99:14 101:12

170:17 196:19

367:11 370:3

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Kansas City, KS

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Alderson Reporting Company

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Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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looked 104:19
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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258:13,19

261:12 282:2

296:4 353:14

354:10

markham 5:18

157:14 170:18

170:19

marquis 8:22

292:16 317:17

317:17,18,20

317:21

mars 197:3

198:4

marvin 8:8

290:2 344:14

mascoma

292:22 293:3,8

mascomas

293:15 295:10

mask 362:20

masquerading

68:16

massive 234:11

massively 222:3

mastering 239:9

matches 301:18

material 45:19

materialize

20:17 192:6

materials

175:15 324:9

math 350:21

mathematician

74:11

matter 23:12

53:22 56:13

93:2 108:12

116:7 141:18

179:1 214:6

218:22 238:22

345:18 346:4

mature 47:1

maturely 47:2

maximization

270:20

maximize

220:11 302:19

maximum 23:8

23:20

mcalindon

199:2

mcan 325:1

mccabe 283:7

mccarthy

112:21

mccauley 5:4

141:9 145:9,9

mcpherson

171:13

meal 43:13

mean 104:20

191:15,17

356:17

meaningful

299:2

meaningless

93:6

means 51:4,10

60:22 117:14

204:6 214:19

217:7,9 239:3

251:21 297:11

308:13,14

meant 52:14

177:16 201:17

248:22

measurable

164:15

measure 149:21

210:19 211:2

279:21 280:4

measures

211:17

measuring

149:18

meat 260:11,13

260:18

mechanical

45:22 345:4

mechanically

136:19

mechanics 45:17

117:18 211:20

mechanism

67:17 103:13

205:5 321:9

322:9

mechanisms
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 422

medium 53:11

meet 30:9,16

33:14 78:1,19

81:22 82:16

87:20 91:13

135:12 147:10

147:12,12

158:2 162:2

170:2 179:3

184:14 204:16

204:17 209:4

226:18 227:16

227:21 232:7

232:14 259:17

296:10 304:10

325:5

meeting 138:22

140:12 144:5

159:20 200:7

200:22 275:4

356:6

megawatt

193:12

meister 344:14

member 101:15

101:21 102:4

152:14,14,20

155:17 173:17

190:16 207:4

277:18 337:14

338:11 347:6

355:19,19

363:11 371:12

memberowned

226:3

members 2:2

11:4 18:10,14

18:17 20:7,12

31:19,21 37:5

91:21 106:1,10

127:17 174:20

210:5 223:16

226:8,9 272:10

277:10 291:19

326:22 329:5

368:17

membership

76:15 79:15

memo 225:21

memphis 223:10

225:2

men 59:8 194:5

248:14 254:12

menke 3:13

37:21 72:20,20

mentality

365:19

mention 46:21

49:14 113:10

353:20

mentioned

98:16 153:17

157:2 161:15

278:14 311:14

341:19

merchandising

125:16

mercy 219:1

merits 38:15

173:22

merrill 300:1

301:16

mess 69:16

111:22 113:1

115:13 157:6

279:1 312:7

message 111:21

115:11 145:19

145:21 146:13

238:8,21

372:18

met 33:2 70:6

121:10 148:18

215:15 231:2

241:3

method 340:19

methodology

31:10 79:8

139:10,19

140:1

metric 36:3 77:9

103:1 179:9

245:2 300:15

362:14

metrics 244:13

metroplex 76:13

metropolitan

44:15

mevini 344:14

michael 6:11

8:21 10:3

185:7 203:4,7

243:22 292:15

314:15 344:8

344:15

michigan 34:19

34:20,22 35:7

35:22 36:2

37:1,3 103:22

185:16 186:10

186:17 187:4

michiganmade

35:13 187:18

michigans 35:10

mick 6:4 170:15

188:1

microphone

206:12 361:11

mid 46:14

165:17 302:11

369:5

middle 83:10

98:3 170:20

189:20 190:3

297:3 343:7

middleclass

175:20

midlevel 144:4

172:5 183:22

184:9 195:8

273:22 368:21

midway 110:21

midwest 12:4

100:20 123:11

124:12 142:8

158:6 162:15

224:8,17 225:1

251:10 253:21

265:16 269:11

301:12

midwestern

98:8 277:20

mike 5:21 8:19

28:12 157:15

180:1 292:11

309:19 312:11

364:14

mikhail 34:10

mile 105:6

mileage 104:7

105:10 150:22

329:14

milehigh 175:3

miles 83:7,20

104:3,8 148:5

177:12 189:15

234:18 274:22

290:14 319:8,9

milestones 162:1

military 36:18

59:6,9,12

milk 234:15

milked 83:17

mill 303:11,14

milling 237:18

250:20 347:6

347:14 348:1

million 28:15

36:3 40:13

43:2 48:11,18

57:16 60:15,16

73:21,22 74:1

74:2 76:19

77:9,10,20

80:4 85:7

90:11 97:15

98:17,21,22,22

99:5 101:20

102:1 103:1,6

116:1 117:5

121:16,16

130:20 136:8

138:18,18,19

138:20 139:18

143:3 158:15

160:19,20

161:3,5 164:11

176:14,14,15

177:13 179:9

179:11 182:18

188:2 190:13

193:9,19 205:2

209:14 216:2

216:21 217:3,4

217:10,10,14

217:15 220:6

241:9 245:1,3

245:22 246:1

246:13 247:8

247:10,13

249:6,22 250:8

250:10,11

267:10,19

268:6,7 272:21

273:1 274:22

281:18 286:8,9

286:10,13

291:20 293:9

300:15 301:15

310:1 313:20

314:1 317:22

318:16 321:1,4

321:6 325:5

330:17 338:16

338:17,19

340:15 341:1

350:20 352:8

352:17,18,19

352:21 353:2

355:20,22

362:14,15

364:19 372:6

373:11

millions 58:16

90:20 201:5
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

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Alderson Reporting Company

Page 423

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mills 303:20

339:19

millwright

175:21

mind 63:2

297:14

mindset 298:9

mine 63:2

214:12 356:13

minimal 82:11

minimize 219:12

296:6

minimizes 21:22

minimum 23:19

23:21 181:20

minnesota 1:21

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75:3 171:4

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262:20 272:20

272:22 273:5

279:17 309:22

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337:20,22

340:9

minnesotans

263:3

minnoco 251:19

313:3

minority 182:20

minute 19:11

125:3

minutes 17:16

17:21 90:7,9

138:7 313:15

371:4

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350:19

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347:11

miserably

341:11

misguided

198:19 311:10

misleading

53:18

misnomer 327:8

327:9

misplaced

233:22

mispronounced

243:21

missed 219:7

misses 209:3

missing 327:13

mission 44:19

48:4,10 87:8

121:8 226:3

268:15 345:11

346:16,20

361:1,1

mississippi

236:6

missouri 43:6

46:20 193:6,6

290:11,14

291:15,19

313:15 356:1

370:7

mistake 134:9

mistakenly 33:4

200:12

misunderstan...

264:13

mix 212:12

342:15

model 22:9

41:21 75:4

87:11 135:1

211:6,10,15,21

212:1 213:5

modeling 41:11

41:18 42:10,14

44:7 210:18

211:5

models 41:18

211:12 251:17

modern 32:3

66:22 110:10

modernize

302:19

modest 227:22

modestly 341:17

modifying

133:12

moines 66:15

moldova 102:8

102:13

molecular

290:16

molecule 343:2

molecules

324:10

mom 104:10

105:4 337:19

moment 175:2

monarch 351:20

monday 109:1

monetary 297:7

money 21:8 49:4

89:21 96:17

104:22 105:5

105:11 117:1

118:4 122:16

151:8,11

187:13 234:21

248:9,21 249:8

263:4,6 274:17

306:6 317:6

320:2 323:21

329:3,6 331:18

332:11 337:8

365:19 367:4

monitor 92:18

monopolies

198:21

monopoly 85:17

197:11 243:10

256:13 298:7

328:13 329:9

364:8 365:8

monopsony

328:17

monoxide

345:21

montana 171:13

monte 3:11

37:21 66:11,12

69:18

month 104:9

105:4 138:20

monthly 138:17

months 15:15

22:6 42:17

71:14 74:19

81:4 83:22

84:1 131:9

184:2 214:7

216:8 261:4

268:3

monumental

92:8

morning 11:2,14

20:2 23:3

28:13 31:15

34:16 38:4

41:5 50:12

52:20,21 56:17

56:20 60:7

69:19 79:11

89:5,11 91:18

97:3 99:14

101:13 106:1,6

109:19 115:17

130:14 133:16

136:3 145:9

148:2 149:10

152:8 155:15

157:16,17

160:4 167:19

181:8 276:1

351:20

morris 272:20

273:5

mortgage

357:13

morton 6:12

185:8 206:22

206:22

mother 159:1

motivated

114:10

motivation

143:17

motor 45:1 67:4

92:16 150:17

252:5 278:17

329:12 345:15

345:19

motorists 21:6

71:19 72:5,10

242:2 276:18

319:20

motors 95:15

96:10 150:20

mount 231:16

231:21

mouths 154:2

move 24:21 29:9

51:20 76:1

88:18 140:21

176:6 183:1

248:6 261:20

263:15 266:10

272:2,3,8

274:13 275:14

282:18 283:21

292:8 295:12

298:8 309:7

312:6,9 322:16

325:15 326:19

340:6 343:6

351:14 359:4

361:11

moved 172:7

222:13 266:17

290:2 320:21

movers 373:18

movie 107:17

moving 54:22

63:10 77:14

176:1 232:11
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 424

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mtbe 151:19

332:19

muchneeded

32:4 303:19

muddy 367:6

mueller 154:20

multigenerati...

114:8 157:2

multilateral

221:18

multimillion

214:3 324:20

multiple 30:22

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163:19

multiplier

161:12 285:6

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73:20 271:4

multiyear

138:10 220:10

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municipal 45:11

45:15

murphy 6:6

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musket 203:7,8

mystified 67:2

myth 347:15

N

n 11:1

name 11:16

13:10 18:3,18

19:5,21 25:13

28:13 31:17

34:18 38:4

41:5 50:14

56:14,17 60:7

62:22 76:7

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86:7 89:5 97:3

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106:2 109:19

111:17 115:17

120:1 125:6

127:13 130:14

136:3 141:20

148:3 149:10

152:10 155:15

160:4 165:4

167:19 170:18

175:19 177:6

180:2 182:10

185:13 190:9

193:3 196:19

199:7 203:6

206:22 210:5

213:13 219:17

223:6 226:1

228:8 231:13

233:7 236:3

238:14 241:1

244:4 245:17

247:6 253:17

257:9 262:7

265:11,12

266:16 269:13

272:18 279:14

284:5 287:11

290:2,3 299:21

301:13 306:16

309:19 314:15

317:17 320:11

323:2 327:3

330:11 334:1

344:5 345:4

346:1 349:19

352:3 358:13

361:7 367:11

nameplate 76:18

names 344:5

namesake 227:1

naming 83:14

nascar 366:6,11

nation 32:7 37:3

47:10 79:5

82:14,16 88:10

100:21 110:5

112:3,8,15

113:4 120:15

123:18 129:13

168:13,18

169:3,14 170:6

184:18 189:18

237:7 238:10

273:5 283:10

285:11 287:19

296:8 298:8

national 20:5

23:4 26:22

36:15 41:7

44:21 47:7

50:2 53:1

55:19 56:1,18

59:9,16,22

87:13 91:19

106:8 120:22

145:12 149:13

157:21 160:10

163:1,17

164:10,19

210:18 225:16

236:16 255:9

267:18 300:11

304:9 315:7

331:10 358:22

nationally 56:22

60:13 185:17

282:20

nations 30:4

32:13 36:17

59:17,22 61:22

81:22 88:14

100:6 102:14

138:22 144:12

162:8 167:6,12

171:2,12

174:10 220:4

220:21 244:18

287:6 289:18

297:1,18,20

317:3 363:6

366:6

nationwide 35:7

75:4 203:11

282:19

native 125:9

301:6

natural 20:7

51:19 80:7,15

137:22 138:5

138:15,21

139:5,12 140:5

140:12 269:15

273:15 286:11

341:20

navy 278:6

naysayers 183:7

nbb 207:4

208:22 209:15

near 83:6 168:4

168:7 177:9

191:14 254:2

258:1 352:10

371:3

nearby 66:18

nearly 51:18

112:4 143:3

156:8 160:12

172:7,17

241:12 242:11

244:14 263:21

264:8 286:10

310:9 317:1

350:19,22

nearterm 21:10

22:15

nebraska 4:11

4:13 7:22

94:11,13 110:2

110:3,8,19

112:3,4,6,7,14

113:2,4 115:16

120:2,6,11,11

120:12,14

121:6,9,15

122:2,12 123:2

123:22 149:12

149:16 152:12

155:16,17,19

157:20 158:8

165:5,10,12,16

167:20,21

168:7,16

169:14,14,18

169:22 170:5

241:2,6 253:20

254:3 257:11

262:1 266:2,22

269:14 270:1,6

270:10,14,15

270:22 271:1,2

271:5,6 306:17

307:7,9 310:6

338:8,15

339:16 352:10

352:15,20

nebraskalincoln

152:11 169:5

nebraskas

109:21 110:5

112:10 158:13

168:11 169:3,7

270:7,22

necedah 317:21

necessarily 55:7

116:10

necessary 22:15

55:17 58:8

103:9 132:3

282:10 296:10

319:2 324:15

neck 308:21

necks 308:20

need 19:5 34:8

36:18 47:4

56:14 61:1

65:13,19 85:7

85:9 91:3

99:10 100:3

107:7 114:21
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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129:12 164:11

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negates 137:9

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260:2 263:16

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negatively 81:7

145:4 225:3,9

negligible 200:9

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373:11

negotiation

131:21

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135:5

neighbors 89:13

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305:5

neither 366:16

nelson 5:15

141:17 167:19

167:20

nephew 177:9

nestings 205:19

net 44:5

network 171:18

neutral 226:17

nevada 94:15

never 104:15

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214:8 227:12

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307:15 321:10

331:14 341:3

365:3 368:20

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new 30:22 51:21

58:9 70:3 71:4

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96:10 97:12

126:13 127:9

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133:10 135:17

140:8 144:3

146:21 151:3

182:5 184:17

191:8,15,16,17

192:10 199:21

207:3 213:14

214:7 216:22

229:19 230:16

251:16 259:4

261:12 262:20

268:5 277:10

280:8 293:4,9

293:13,19

296:3 303:11

303:19,20,20

303:20,21

311:20 313:8

323:18 325:11

341:15 352:16

352:21,22,22

352:22 354:14

355:8 373:20

newer 71:22

232:16

newport 207:1

207:22 209:11

news 55:4 63:5,9

307:2

nextgeneration

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249:7 288:3

nice 38:10

niche 52:6,10

nick 9:9 309:11

334:1

nielsen 3:21

56:12 91:18,18

night 215:17

356:6

ninetyfive 339:5

ninetysix 107:13

ninetythree 58:9

ninetytwo 94:18

nitric 345:21

nitrogen 178:21

nobel 278:2

nogel 6:16 203:1

219:17,17

222:13

non 336:2

nonattainment

48:17 77:5

noncarcinoge...

226:16

noncellulosic

24:1

noncompliance

373:22

nonflammable

226:15

nonfood 98:22

nonmethane

345:20

nonprofit 44:15

nontoxic 226:15

nonvolatile

226:16

normally 25:4

norman 278:2

north 174:19

176:10,16

177:7,9 180:3

180:17 181:4

182:12,13

183:2,4,5,12

189:15 223:8

224:19 250:6

266:3 295:19

309:22 367:14

373:13

northeast 160:6

northern 71:9

279:16 282:13

northwest 224:3

258:1 302:2,22

304:19 321:11

355:17

norton 3:12

37:21 69:19,19

nose 93:5

notably 212:13

note 39:3 41:22

42:7 43:5

53:20 78:4

173:17 335:14

350:6 351:16

noted 335:7

notice 12:8

notill 146:15

307:5

notion 328:7

notwithstandi...

33:17

novel 134:16

293:6

november 65:16

73:2 92:7,14

136:14

novozymes

121:11,18

122:1,5 169:18

nprm 214:6

350:22

nrl 108:8,8

nsp 163:4

number 14:14

48:12 67:13

84:5 92:18

101:18 106:15

106:17 107:8

169:15 172:8

184:11 200:8

208:3 215:10

215:21 216:1

232:3 263:13

267:3 288:20

289:2 355:12

372:21 373:1

numberone

271:2

numbers 25:19

39:10 61:5

63:12 65:2

84:2 85:18

86:15 88:5,19
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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obligation 91:9

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observations

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obtained 128:4

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occupation

108:6

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occurred 111:19

373:15

octane 150:6

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1-800-FOR-DEPO

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1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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Alderson Reporting Company

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Kansas City, KS

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Alderson Reporting Company

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Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

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Alderson Reporting Company

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Alderson Reporting Company

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374:5

rarely 194:11

rate 176:18

336:7

rates 15:20

22:12 112:7

175:9 354:5

ratio 21:17
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 436

137:8 156:9

ration 149:2

357:7,21

rationale 69:12

294:16 360:1

rations 43:22

82:8 153:20

212:16 260:16

270:21 357:19

raw 163:18

ray 4:6 76:2

101:13 103:20

reach 16:11

81:10 229:3

230:10 279:7

284:15 315:18

324:2

reaching 107:2

282:20 288:22

reaction 66:2

230:20

read 344:5

readily 28:5

253:8 341:13

reading 131:18

reads 301:6

ready 19:2

40:14 96:4

192:18 249:6

253:3,4 260:19

313:11

readymix

175:13

reagan 34:10

real 52:10 89:18

160:19 166:15

177:17 181:6

230:4 252:13

255:18,20

277:13 348:7

367:6

realistic 209:8

realities 109:6

144:22 174:9

221:9

reality 20:16,19

91:7 111:16

126:14 138:14

142:20 194:7

200:13 295:15

realization

333:17

realize 70:7

130:2 295:8

realized 135:10

293:18

realizing 248:12

really 65:1,1

66:20 74:19

104:16 105:14

105:20 116:6

148:22 184:4

184:11 190:2,4

195:5 198:2

202:5 248:5

255:12 301:12

308:20 328:10

331:4,8 332:17

360:15 370:17

370:22 371:1

373:3

realworld 55:4

reardon 1:20

reason 64:19

75:3 163:15

207:22 240:14

255:21 319:13

reasonable

17:12 42:10

107:1 208:22

316:3

reasoned 137:4

137:11

reasoning

282:15

reasons 75:10

101:19 176:6

198:9 224:2

238:10 262:21

306:3 310:17

328:19 335:18

368:10

rebuttal 17:6

receive 260:9

315:12,22

316:2

received 92:6

278:5,8

recession 40:6

recognition

22:14 59:7

60:5

recognize 15:17

40:18 55:1

93:17,22

144:19,22

164:3 207:11

221:7,13

260:12 290:4

recognized 26:3

56:22 89:15

91:2 92:7

123:3 174:4

278:3

recognizes 174:8

179:5 220:20

259:16

recommendati...

54:4,8 135:22

recommends

22:11

reconsider 28:3

39:15 47:17

101:7 127:5

130:6 201:21

216:10,14

265:3 301:1

322:17 340:6

349:14 354:22

360:18

reconsideration

182:6

record 17:4,10

30:11 38:19

39:13 40:8

74:15 85:1

106:8 114:21

146:6 177:6

196:2 218:2

284:3 341:22

364:9

recordsetting

296:18

recover 208:14

recovered

258:14 341:17

recovery 339:13

recruiting 121:9

recurring 111:9

recycle 226:6

recycled 216:15

red 19:9,13

118:16 229:7

redefining 93:4

reduce 16:2 34:3

39:4 40:3 48:4

51:19 67:13

77:8,12,13

84:2 98:4

100:5,9,16

114:6 124:10

127:6 130:7

135:13 143:11

147:15 150:18

154:22 167:4

179:9 207:13

208:2 215:3

226:4 230:12

232:8 244:20

255:2 274:4

308:11 315:5

317:3,5 357:7

359:9 360:12

362:14 366:3

366:12

reduced 24:16

34:6 37:1,2

48:19 85:14

87:14 113:9

121:2 127:4

155:4 156:16

169:7,8 178:20

179:2 196:2

220:14 243:3

245:1 251:6

300:14 310:18

354:3 363:4

reduces 36:2

68:18 103:13

159:12,14

187:15 244:15

300:12 346:12

reducing 25:7

29:1,6 36:10

44:19 61:12

69:13 85:18

98:2 112:13

129:4,7,18

162:7,9 201:10

242:14 245:10

267:13 273:15

286:12 353:12

354:20 359:8

360:1 362:4

363:19

reduction 36:6

45:5 61:7

93:18 126:19

139:1 161:18

179:7,13 201:2

248:2 259:18

299:8 300:9

311:7,9 312:6

319:8 339:18

350:9

reductions

14:18 26:15

36:13 179:16

321:7

refer 156:5

referred 194:12

refined 46:12

173:1 316:20

refiner 171:12

171:20 220:1
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 437

refineries 46:22

173:16 199:11

365:7

refiners 164:6

164:18 171:12

358:4

refinery 213:14

258:3

refining 20:9

50:1 218:18,20

223:13

reflect 136:17

221:8 222:2

reforms 22:17

refusal 62:10

351:3

refuse 62:13

200:15

refused 33:18

275:5 319:3

refusing 32:21

328:20

regard 14:16

78:4 133:5

260:11,19

261:2

regarded 329:10

regarding 53:16

53:19 136:15

139:19 172:10

174:14 180:8

208:20 260:6

284:8 287:14

regardless 70:10

345:15 346:14

regards 359:16

360:19

region 11:16

48:13 89:8

116:13 265:15

368:18

regional 44:17

50:22 160:11

315:22

regions 211:6,8

register 18:22

registered 70:2

70:22 71:15

72:17 83:17

95:1 140:16

registration

18:19 106:6

140:14 375:4

registrations

139:15

regnery 4:20

109:18 136:3,4

regret 238:20

regular 72:4

96:11 282:14

291:13

regularly 113:19

301:21

regulation 47:4

63:17 64:4

201:15

regulations

95:21 108:5

134:21 141:1

153:5

regulator

144:19

regulators 64:2

regulatory 46:4

46:13 47:1

63:18,19,20

137:9,14

144:21 161:15

162:6 192:1

220:10

reinforce 143:16

reinstate 101:8

145:5 246:21

349:15

reinvest 311:15

reinvesting

273:14

reinvestment

331:19

reiterate 370:16

reject 330:6

rejected 21:7

64:17 132:1

299:6 328:7,9

rejuvenate

197:8

relate 258:15

related 18:7

42:3 48:21

117:8,16 126:1

169:15,21

relates 271:15

relating 356:9

relations 253:18

relationship

55:20 316:7

relationships

126:3 128:1

relative 42:11

68:20 259:22

267:12 268:2

274:18 342:10

relatively

163:18 277:12

relatives 224:4

relay 258:21

relaying 238:21

released 67:3

215:22 217:16

335:15 346:8

relevant 12:22

55:22

reliably 362:1

reliance 144:17

162:9 230:12

relied 114:20

relies 162:15

relocate 224:17

reluctance

111:20

rely 41:17 91:3

137:15 147:11

266:7 275:17

298:9 300:2

348:21

relying 302:13

remain 21:2

42:15 55:16

201:6 208:17

254:12 347:22

remained 255:4

remaining 57:13

335:1

remains 69:11

81:21 166:4

173:3 199:18

200:9 240:19

remarkable

73:12 74:3

75:7

remarks 103:18

124:21

remember 49:19

100:6 119:7,10

119:11 126:6

304:18 306:8

332:19

remind 19:4

28:11 86:2

284:1 304:20

reminded 18:8

56:14 141:19

reminder 19:13

75:20

reminding 17:18

removes 21:15

336:17

removing 245:2

311:17 323:20

rendered 93:6

renewable 1:3

12:3,10,17

13:2,21 14:1

14:17 16:5,9

26:5,7 29:21

30:4,7,9 32:2

32:10 33:3,11

37:7 38:7,21

40:15 44:21

47:10 49:21

52:1 60:12,18

61:10,20 62:1

62:12 64:8,12

65:4,6 66:13

67:5,14 68:2,6

68:21 69:20

72:20 76:8

78:20 79:4,6

79:20,22 82:13

82:22 87:16

89:14,15 90:1

91:11 92:4

93:20 95:13

97:22 99:19,20

99:22 101:1,3

101:4,8,17

102:7 103:13

104:1 110:13

112:2 120:21

121:19 122:13

122:22 124:9

126:17,19

127:3,7 129:7

129:20 130:8

130:18 134:2

136:17,18

137:1,13,15,22

138:15,21

139:5,12,19

140:4 142:13

145:19 148:9

153:5 154:5,20

155:5 157:22

159:19,21

162:4 163:7,8

164:22 165:14

169:1 171:15

171:17,21,22

172:11 173:18

177:15,22

179:19 185:21

186:7 189:7,8

189:12 194:2

194:19 195:1

197:1,8,10,16
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 438

198:7,14,22

201:16,22

220:18 223:16

223:18 226:15

228:19,20

229:2,4,9

230:11,17

232:7 234:14

237:10 238:18

240:2,3,16

242:7,18,21

243:2 246:11

247:8,9 252:17

252:21 253:16

255:3,17

257:15 265:18

265:19 267:16

268:2 274:12

276:5,11

277:12 278:17

278:20 281:18

284:9,10

287:15,16

296:10,22

297:1 300:2,9

301:1,17

308:22 314:20

317:11 318:11

320:1,6 324:11

330:13,13,18

346:1,18,22

349:15 351:10

352:8 353:2

354:10,17

359:6 361:9

363:22 366:2

366:15

renewables

172:14 219:18

renovation

274:4

repair 95:14

repairs 175:22

repeals 22:16

repeat 215:9

350:5

repeated 168:17

repeating

103:18

repeats 216:3

repetitious

17:11

replace 48:5

252:16 303:19

362:11

replacement

260:15

replacements

44:22

replacing

260:21

replicated 75:4

report 53:3

160:15,17

235:15,16

243:17,18

326:6

reporter 19:6

141:20

represent 30:17

60:8 63:5,8

117:21 120:8,9

123:7 173:19

207:1 330:16

358:14 371:11

representatives

75:22 170:14

182:21 185:7

202:22 222:21

represented

122:14

representing

20:6 50:15

51:8 89:8,11

94:16 109:22

145:10 174:19

228:8 231:14

233:8 238:15

323:3

represents 31:18

34:21 40:13

165:11 168:5

247:12 308:8,9

308:10,12

348:17

request 11:5

73:10 101:7

130:6 189:6

192:8 201:21

202:6,11 262:3

317:10

requests 136:16

260:6,7

require 16:8

107:1 332:13

373:1

required 12:11

13:21 14:18

22:19 30:8

39:6 131:7

149:6 200:4,21

284:10 287:15

297:7 310:21

320:6 321:15

324:22 361:3

requirement

12:18 14:12

55:12 84:12

149:6 180:9

243:5 318:4,22

360:2 363:20

363:21

requirements

12:14 14:3

22:18 30:10

69:14 86:17

87:21 88:18

116:4 127:22

128:3 129:4

143:9 158:1

159:22 161:19

163:3 164:21

173:8,12,13

189:13 249:14

275:4 297:13

297:15 335:5

341:7 349:15

364:7

requires 17:2

22:5 47:16

197:13 333:19

342:21

requiring 24:15

research 26:10

27:17 56:19

57:1,12,16

58:4,17,21

160:15 225:5

227:4 293:6

345:5,7,22

373:10

researched

154:16

researcher

149:15

researchers 36:1

36:8

reserve 280:5,21

283:12

reserved 18:19

reserves 59:9

reservoir 298:12

residents 175:12

276:12

residual 323:20

residue 125:7

residues 125:21

126:11 128:11

128:22

resiliency

308:14

resistance 70:7

308:12

resistant 296:21

resolved 351:11

resonated

145:21

resounding

87:11

resoundingly

231:8

resource 27:5

130:2 269:15

279:6,7

resourceful

261:11,13

resources 79:4

80:7,15 90:9

97:6 98:16

99:4,16 101:15

154:13 162:17

230:7 237:14

297:7 324:7,11

respect 13:20

225:12 269:6

328:21

respectful 86:5

284:2

respectfully

88:21 127:5

130:6 201:21

299:14 317:10

349:13 359:10

360:6

respective

173:20

respectively

75:13 132:10

respend 285:7

respond 31:11

109:6 298:17

326:1

responded

227:17 273:8

273:12 275:1

363:21,22

364:1,3

respondents

72:2

responding 69:1

response 37:14

56:6 75:17

94:4 109:13

124:16 170:10

207:5 243:15
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 439

260:5 261:19

292:5 343:19

346:14

responses 18:8

responsibilities

229:16

responsibility

86:20

responsible

51:15 127:21

219:8 222:10

258:9 268:22

289:9 300:21

responsive

16:11

rest 74:16

116:19 117:22

168:22 205:13

274:3 279:12

restaurant

226:5

restaurants

175:16

restore 37:6

79:6 82:22

101:17 240:15

249:13

restricted 70:12

restricting 365:4

restriction 313:2

restrictions 70:9

result 36:8 44:9

54:14 58:18

102:7 133:1

143:15 214:15

229:20 287:22

301:22 302:7

304:1 335:1

363:15

resulted 220:16

353:7,15

resulting 55:14

57:17 58:16

293:22 341:5

353:5

results 35:13

41:21 43:17

122:11 144:15

154:18 276:18

286:7,13

retail 20:13

21:12 67:4,14

68:8 100:1

106:11 107:12

107:14 108:16

108:18 166:17

195:4 199:20

200:8 241:13

241:19 299:3

312:20 336:4

340:18 342:13

retailer 70:11

71:9 94:16

95:13 96:11

108:12 171:21

172:6 276:8

retailers 61:21

68:19 69:21

70:7,8,14,16

70:19,21 71:2

71:13,15 108:2

187:6,11 195:7

251:18 256:15

256:16 274:16

275:7 313:3,7

341:22 342:5

retailing 166:22

retain 44:20

242:15

retire 341:2

retired 97:7

280:7 367:13

retreat 335:2

336:19

retreating

336:10

retroactive 40:7

return 60:2

62:18 65:19

109:9 114:1

125:1 153:11

153:13 159:6

179:19 240:20

259:13 263:9

263:19 264:11

271:16,17

351:11 356:11

360:14

returned 122:22

158:21 159:3

returning

231:22 262:14

303:16

revenue 43:18

57:20 70:15

71:13 73:12

116:13 126:12

175:10

revenues 112:16

116:17 127:1

130:5 148:16

191:17 217:11

250:13 286:15

304:6

reverse 36:11

93:9 116:3

311:11 362:17

reversed 178:2

revert 22:19

review 153:8

311:20 333:15

333:16

reviewed 199:16

reviewing

183:21

revise 136:16

201:22

revitalization

310:11

revitalize 177:21

revitalized 32:4

36:22 297:21

315:7 317:7

revival 112:11

revolution 366:2

revolutionary

286:3 288:14

reward 132:18

194:3 275:12

328:20 373:20

rewarded

195:21 373:19

rewarding 33:12

128:7 256:7

296:13 328:11

rewards 103:11

166:21

rewriting 91:14

rfa 28:17 31:8

rfs 13:14 15:21

15:22 20:12,20

22:14,17 23:5

24:8 26:22

27:7,16 28:1

29:1,3,15

30:20 31:4,9

32:11,16,19

33:1,9,14

36:11 41:13

44:18 49:16

50:17 51:9

52:13,18 59:13

61:13,16,17

62:3,15 63:19

65:6,19 68:1

69:3,7,10,13

69:14,17 73:1

77:22 78:18

82:16,21 84:20

87:10 93:3

95:10,10

101:16 103:5

103:18 106:13

111:22 112:13

112:22 113:1,6

114:6 115:13

116:4,20 121:2

122:7 124:5

129:4 130:21

131:7 133:19

133:21 134:4

134:15 135:12

135:12,19,21

138:11 144:5

145:17,22

146:4 147:2,4

147:7,10,17

151:22 152:15

153:6 154:9

157:6 161:16

161:18,20

162:2 168:20

169:7,21 170:3

170:22 172:12

172:15 173:3,5

174:1,7,15

177:2 178:2

180:10,15

185:22 187:16

189:13 192:15

194:13 200:3

200:22 201:2,6

201:10,14

203:15 207:6

207:12,20

208:6 209:20

209:22 213:20

214:1 219:10

220:12,19

221:8,12,13,22

227:2,6,8,18

229:12,18,19

230:3,9 231:8

232:4,19 233:1

233:16 234:6

234:11 235:3,7

237:22 238:5,9

240:20 241:3,4

242:7,13,15

246:4,19

249:15 251:3

252:22 253:8

253:12 255:6

256:22 258:6

258:22 262:10
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 440

263:1,5,8,15

263:18,22

264:15,20

265:20,22

268:13 269:7

271:15,16

273:3,7 275:1

275:10 279:1

282:22 283:12

284:11,21

285:9,22

286:19 288:11

288:20,22

289:8 293:14

293:16 294:7

295:3,6 296:7

296:11 297:15

297:18 298:2,5

298:14 299:6,9

299:15 301:18

303:4,6 304:2

310:13 312:5,7

313:6 314:10

315:3 316:11

316:21 317:8

319:6 321:9,13

322:18 323:13

325:6,22

327:20 328:2

334:2 338:10

340:6 348:11

348:15,17,20

348:22 349:9

350:3,11 351:3

357:15 358:17

358:18 359:3

359:12 361:22

362:3,21

363:16,20

365:2 366:1,12

366:14,16

372:19 373:2

373:15,17

rfs1 24:9 281:10

rfs2 24:9 30:1

36:4 73:18

75:9 85:17

86:17 88:18

90:2 93:9

134:21 138:9

180:18 242:12

247:20 254:21

278:22 279:19

280:22 282:5,7

283:1 286:19

291:9 298:21

318:3,10,13

319:10 371:20

rfss 33:13

rhetoric 195:18

rhett 9:11

309:12 340:13

rhode 207:2

208:2

rich 91:21 370:5

371:7

richard 10:5

344:8

rick 8:15 272:11

304:15 306:15

ricketts 120:12

121:6,10 122:4

169:17

ride 51:2

right 11:6 16:21

27:8 37:15,20

38:2 42:13

46:2 49:7

56:11,16 66:12

75:5,18 76:2,5

84:11 94:5,7

96:4,18 105:2

106:1 107:5

124:17,19

138:13 185:2

185:12 189:19

202:19 203:1,4

205:20 209:12

215:6 216:9

217:20 222:4

222:18,22

223:4 235:13

242:16 245:14

252:2 254:15

255:16 262:6

265:9 268:1

272:13 283:15

292:4 301:10

306:4,7 309:16

326:18 343:17

344:2 347:3

349:18 352:1

353:8 364:11

367:9,15 368:8

368:19 374:21

rights 307:11

rigidities 205:16

rin 21:20 30:12

30:15 31:4

67:10,16,22

68:4,17 103:12

205:4,6,12,12

205:13,14,14

211:13 227:14

314:2 318:21

322:12,12,13

322:14,15

335:12,15,18

336:8 337:9

341:15 342:2,8

342:9 343:11

353:12,13

372:3

rindriven 335:9

337:3

ring 306:10

rins 30:17 33:6

66:5 67:3,11

67:13 69:16

85:12 140:4,6

140:8 141:3

173:16 204:19

204:22 205:18

212:20 319:21

336:9 341:2,2

341:14 342:1

354:3 372:7

ripped 286:21

ripples 156:21

rippling 78:8

rise 90:4 114:3

risen 78:18

134:5 183:6

rising 78:1

risk 81:12 89:20

171:9 178:17

185:14 205:3

239:12,13

240:7 246:15

247:14 249:9

272:19 294:1

311:13 320:20

322:3 373:16

risks 153:16

198:12 345:12

river 90:9 97:6

98:16 99:4,6

99:16 101:15

101:20 236:6

237:17

rivers 197:3

rng 140:7

road 21:14

77:11 105:7

179:12 241:10

241:10 245:3

251:15 313:15

362:16

roadblock 313:2

robb 4:17

109:17 127:13

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rock 7:12

235:18 245:17

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rocket 149:5

rockport 290:14

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rode 119:15

rodgers 107:4

roe 9:3 292:15

320:11,11

roekel 9:14

326:20 345:2,4

rogers 243:21

rogue 355:1

role 25:14 28:2

29:6 36:15

67:4 69:20

79:19 144:12

153:19 180:11

199:10 207:5

231:6 263:2

roles 228:17

roll 118:8

187:18

rolling 192:10

247:2

rollout 199:13

ronald 34:10

roof 233:19

room 18:11

25:18 66:8

73:5 81:13

92:10,20 307:6

326:13 332:21

336:12 355:10

355:11 374:13

375:1,2,4

root 188:18

roots 253:21

268:15 278:7

rose 232:10

ross 5:5 141:9

148:2,3

rough 264:15

roughly 73:20

245:2 246:1

302:21

round 70:8

74:15

rub 64:4

rug 119:4
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 441

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rule 12:14 13:6

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ruling 353:6,7,8

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rulings 153:5

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rumors 314:3

run 13:18 16:20

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195:12 205:16

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running 122:2

141:21 177:1

302:2 356:15

runs 42:3 73:15

298:12,12

runway 39:12

rural 29:8 32:4

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51:5 61:1

87:14 97:19

98:13 99:7,10

102:2 110:17

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129:1 142:15

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russia 102:8,13

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68:14 88:5

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174:15 187:8

192:3,12

205:10 207:10

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217:6,13,16,18

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228:4 229:5

232:12 233:3

240:15 247:20

249:14 255:2

258:22 259:6

269:7 281:12

282:7 312:20

314:9 325:6

340:20 341:8

342:19 343:9

343:10 350:9

350:21 351:12

372:21

rvos 30:19 40:8

56:21 58:15,20

59:20 60:2

91:8 92:2,21

103:4 111:1

136:13,14,16

136:22 180:9

180:10 207:7

208:9 209:22

221:8 265:19

279:18 282:16

284:10 335:17

374:1

rvp 351:13

S

s 11:1 25:15

27:12 44:20

47:11 48:22

49:18,20,22

50:3,4 53:7

58:20 68:2

78:21 81:21

85:1,6 86:20

87:2 110:20

120:5 122:6

123:4 130:22

131:1,14 132:3

134:4,10 135:2

135:6,8,10

136:21 143:10

143:22 144:7

144:13 159:15

163:10 172:13

187:19 197:6

197:22 198:6,9

200:7 211:12

215:12,18

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219:13 220:13

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242:11 252:6,8

252:14 256:13

263:12 264:21

280:10 293:17

316:9,20

318:16 319:20

333:14 341:20

343:4,14 346:7

347:18 370:22

372:5

sacrifice 59:11

59:19

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saddling 87:5

safe 26:7 116:22

189:22 249:3

safeguards

49:17

safer 306:1,8

safety 44:5

108:6 189:18

256:5 299:22

sails 289:15

salaries 80:3

176:12 181:5

salary 315:12

sale 70:13 71:6

85:15 241:15

sales 65:5 70:21

70:21 71:3,4,8

71:10,11,13

73:19 74:1

94:19,20 95:5

102:21 184:1

265:12 266:1

267:9 270:11

274:20 276:20

276:21 277:1,2

295:19 340:13

342:14

sally 4:7 76:3

103:20,21

105:22
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 442

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scenarios 21:11

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scharping 8:20

292:15 312:12

312:12

schedule 23:6

326:13,14

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school 46:6 83:9

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science 149:5

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64:18 357:16

screaming

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150:8

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seal 280:3

season 71:9,10

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seat 141:19

225:22

seating 19:20

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42:12 64:10

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secondbiggest

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secondgenerat...

31:22 125:11

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130:4 293:10

293:13 295:1

295:11,14

296:4 324:17

372:16

secondlargest

81:14 110:4

120:14 169:13

secondly 178:10

244:11

seconds 63:1

secretary 59:5

section 17:1

83:11 334:15

335:11,21

sector 57:13,21

58:11 60:19

61:3 79:22

80:1 121:3

122:6,14 162:8

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sectors 57:5

58:19 123:2

142:7 210:22

211:7,18

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294:13

securing 127:21

security 26:22

28:21 36:15

47:7 48:7

49:20 50:2,4,9

59:16,22 87:13

96:16 110:12

124:8 135:13

137:17 138:22

158:3 159:18

163:6 164:10

164:22 189:17

218:16,21

225:16 229:1

255:10 269:3

277:15 298:19

304:9 315:5,7

331:11 355:2

358:22 359:5

359:10

see 11:4 32:2

38:17 39:15

40:16 43:3

59:13 65:21,21

66:8,20 118:13

126:21 138:19

139:17 146:14

175:3,5 180:3

198:18 232:3

235:8 256:18

260:1 261:7

264:11 290:3

305:19 323:20

324:8 336:7,11

357:1 358:2

359:21 360:16

361:21 362:9

363:13 365:18

367:4 369:19

370:11

seed 97:10 168:5

254:14 281:8

302:15 308:7

308:12

seeds 254:19

263:7

seeing 49:14

71:2 161:6

361:19 368:14

seek 34:3

seemingly

195:16

seen 42:18 51:17

55:13 70:18

95:11 102:8,12

102:12,13

112:11 142:14

163:15 166:4

178:7 179:17

224:4,11,20

229:17 230:1

234:2,22

247:22 255:18

256:8 262:15

269:21 293:15

303:3,14

341:13 363:12

367:21 368:4

seize 278:12

selected 127:20

selecting 250:20

selfcontained

339:15

selfemployed

334:6

selfimposed

319:5

selfinduced

248:22

selfreliant

283:10

selfsustaining

264:22

sell 70:8 71:14

71:16 88:2

95:1,21 106:11

108:3 141:3

147:5 195:4

203:13,16

204:3,20 251:9

291:4,7 342:1
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 443

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selling 70:15

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sells 175:6

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semis 232:16

senate 4:12 7:22

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164:13

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separation

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38:13

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served 52:22

59:21 183:19

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serves 161:13

163:13

service 20:10

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servicemen

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serving 17:9

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set 15:19 23:7,11

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119:13

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sextonbowser

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324:5 361:4

shared 310:10

shareholders

245:9 267:4

282:1

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105:22 116:14

239:2

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274:18

sharply 27:16

50:5

shattering

287:18

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66:12,12

sheetz 251:18

313:3

shenandoah

250:2

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shining 57:7

285:22

ship 198:3

353:21

shipment 341:4

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69:2

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shown 36:8 89:2

264:17 346:2

362:10

shows 183:13

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shrink 112:17

329:12

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230:5

shut 156:21

339:14

side 18:13

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sides 182:22

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sieve 290:16

sight 311:8

sigma 106:13

109:3

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105:12 290:8

signal 64:22

85:6 263:16

285:13 298:17

299:9 337:2,7

signaled 201:12

273:20

signaling 85:9

signals 47:16

139:3 227:17

227:17

signed 12:12

18:18 62:19

65:12 232:4

significance
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 444

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sit 18:1 56:13

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situation 25:3

30:10 102:18

129:11 135:8

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sitzmann 7:21

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six 18:1 117:4

118:9 269:19

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sixth 80:8

152:18 168:6

sixtytwo 181:12

size 354:18

skid 321:21

skilled 364:19

skills 58:8

114:15 278:11

skull 150:4

skunes 5:22

157:15 182:10

182:11 184:22

skyrocketed

366:20

slap 92:8

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111:4

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326:8 361:10

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49:9 92:5

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343:14

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95:3 96:11

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152:12 191:1

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216:13 231:6

238:15 241:5

265:1 268:12

304:7 305:9

315:8 317:7

336:21 349:22

352:15,16

370:10

smaller 214:17

262:17

smallest 227:11

smart 164:1

smartly 299:11

smith 243:20

smithfield

149:16

smoginducing

159:13

smooth 264:15

soaked 308:3

soared 73:20

socalled 29:14

30:3 33:2 72:8

197:18 341:9

society 50:22

57:6 106:4

227:6 277:11

soil 80:20

146:20 178:22

soils 281:5

solar 308:18

sold 74:4,6,10

74:15 227:14

267:15 318:5

319:18 339:1

soldiers 190:3

sole 198:20

solely 136:22

201:19 348:5

solid 117:21

365:12,17

solution 93:22

190:4

solutions 307:4

somebody

283:20 328:3

somebodys

308:4

somewhat 32:8

102:6 360:16

son 145:13

147:20 168:4

177:8 231:21

236:8 239:1

248:14

song 306:11

soninlaw 113:11

sons 97:8 158:21

soon 90:14

120:19 209:12

325:3

sophisticated

195:6

sorghum 31:21

76:11 157:19

157:21 158:5

160:7,10 161:3

163:1,10,15,16

163:19,22

164:19 193:17

247:17

sorry 141:10

213:17 344:22

sort 204:22

335:9

sought 194:3

sound 24:18

40:11 184:13

soundbites

195:19

sour 351:16

source 83:20

126:12 148:11

154:1 166:15

176:3 212:14

212:15 264:3

278:17 316:18

sources 57:10

123:17 124:11

138:16 154:2

216:15 230:13

south 76:12

215:19 266:3

310:6 343:7

353:22

southeast 83:7

157:20

southern 224:16

262:13 337:19

337:20 340:9

southwest 125:9

125:13,22

126:5 127:21

155:18 228:10

245:17 327:5

330:12

sovereign 8:4

262:4 275:21

275:21

soy 26:1

soybean 25:14
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 445

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specifying

209:21

speech 154:16

spell 335:17

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spend 280:12

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spending 228:14

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spent 50:21

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332:11 334:19

352:21 354:13

363:7

spiked 46:3

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spin 296:20

299:12 307:14

spirits 295:20

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spoke 141:17

191:7

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sporadically

110:9

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springboard

127:8 332:2

sprint 198:14

spur 33:10

spurlock 3:17

56:11 79:11,12

82:7

squeeze 62:4

squeezed 129:4

st 48:2,10,13,17

83:7 313:15

stability 23:17

25:6 26:21

30:21 50:2

142:15 220:10

293:12 314:2,8

stabilize 161:10

230:15

stable 42:15

43:3 46:22

114:2 198:10

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293:22 295:6

staff 66:17

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stage 206:4

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355:8

stages 131:5

staging 11:6,10

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56:10 76:1

109:16 141:15

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185:10 202:22

223:1 235:18

243:18 261:21

262:4 272:3,12

292:9 309:8

326:7 344:6

stake 80:6

stakeholder

61:17 144:20

stakeholders

12:22 13:3

46:19

stance 208:21

stand 40:14

253:3,4 299:11

314:6 321:16

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standard 1:3

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24:11 32:2

61:10 62:12

82:13 84:20

87:10,16 89:14

90:1 91:13

99:20 100:4,5

101:1,5 104:1

110:13 112:2

120:21 123:1

124:9 129:7

142:13 145:19

155:5 163:7

165:1 170:3

171:22 172:12

177:16,22

194:2 195:9

197:8,17

198:14 200:17

234:14 235:9

240:2,16

253:16 255:3

268:2 274:12

284:11 287:16

291:14 292:3

300:2 308:22

314:21 320:7

330:19 361:9

368:7

standards 1:2

12:10,15 13:22

15:6 16:3,10

27:14 28:3,4,7

47:14,17,18

82:16 109:8

126:18,19

127:3 140:13

153:6 202:17

228:20 246:21

247:20 257:15

265:20 271:18

278:15,19

346:22

standing 323:14

standlee 4:18

109:17 130:14

130:15

standpoint

63:18,19,20

64:7 65:5 80:5

82:15

standpoints

225:16

stands 295:12

starch 314:7

stark 239:10

start 19:10,22

22:7 25:16

38:8 110:6

128:1 160:12

162:11 263:22

305:3 308:15

309:2 338:10

369:19

started 13:19

76:6 98:16

125:15 226:10

227:16 239:8

257:20 263:11

280:7 291:18

314:3 337:15

356:13 369:12

starting 235:8

254:6 260:1,12

starts 290:4

state 4:12 7:22

18:3 19:5,21

34:22 35:2,19

36:1,7 46:8,13

55:11 56:14

60:13 61:4,6,9

67:9 72:22

73:14 76:17,19

81:14 83:8

89:12 108:6

110:3 112:12

112:15,16,20

115:18 118:4

120:10,14,17

123:11 141:19

142:17 143:2

144:19 148:15
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 446

158:14 160:17

169:6 174:20

179:13 180:4

180:17,22

181:2,4 182:16

182:21 183:4,6

183:18 184:19

185:16 186:6

227:11 231:4

231:20 236:15

237:7 238:10

257:21 258:1

269:13 270:12

271:2,10

291:21 304:6

307:7 345:7

368:18

stated 23:11

57:3 75:6

154:17 162:2

177:2 199:17

207:14 335:4

335:11 361:1,1

370:8

statement 17:13

18:4 84:15

106:7,9 113:7

113:8 268:15

345:11 346:16

statements

17:10 18:8

55:3 72:12

190:17

stateoftheart

285:20

states 26:9 45:9

49:2 51:10

52:17 53:14

54:7 55:15

59:6,12 60:9

71:6 75:2

79:21 92:17

106:12 107:13

107:14 108:17

120:22 138:12

142:11 146:5

147:3 148:14

154:6 158:10

158:15 165:13

180:12,13

181:3 183:15

203:12 210:15

220:2,3 248:16

250:3 251:4,11

259:18 260:3

268:4 270:17

271:3 278:6

279:15 299:10

305:13 318:12

322:12 324:18

332:6 333:6

336:13 340:18

343:3 353:17

354:11,16

359:4 362:18

363:9 370:21

stating 23:19

92:1 160:18

station 72:4

105:6 181:11

276:13,14

336:5

stations 100:2

111:15 175:16

176:17 181:15

181:17 200:8

206:5 241:20

270:4 276:10

342:13 364:5

368:20

statistics 44:2

status 202:12

298:15 335:1

336:14,18

statute 14:10,15

14:17 15:11

22:5,20 29:11

66:6 85:10

132:6 133:7

134:20 143:12

144:1,15 145:6

151:22 153:7

154:9 195:21

221:7 299:5

310:20 312:1,4

314:4 335:3

336:15,18,20

350:11

statutes 87:4

statutory 15:17

16:3 30:9,16

32:10 33:1,3

33:15,19 37:8

60:2 62:19

69:14 79:7

83:1 84:4,12

86:20 109:5

116:4 131:16

133:11 142:21

173:12,12

180:10 182:7

186:1 187:8

189:13 200:7

200:22 202:1

275:4 318:22

350:15 351:13

351:15 374:2

statutorydicta...

317:12

staunchly 58:14

stay 126:17

127:3 189:2

243:9 256:9

264:16

stayed 46:3

staying 305:8

stays 118:5

339:1,4

steadfast 158:10

steadily 264:1

372:5

steady 90:4,18

124:8 163:13

177:3 244:19

steam 90:15

339:9

steeper 92:20

steffen 223:2

step 27:8 32:20

41:22 49:7

62:17 82:20

91:2 115:8

133:22 169:11

194:4 207:20

217:19 230:21

291:10 297:15

stepped 88:10

330:21

steps 32:21

243:4

steptoe 106:3

sterling 337:14

steve 5:15,18 6:6

6:16 9:3

157:14 167:19

170:8,16,18

174:12 193:3

203:1 219:17

292:15 320:11

322:21

steven 141:17

steves 225:21

stewardship

66:21 310:12

stick 167:14

182:6 188:6

312:4 335:3

336:20 340:6

stickers 280:3

stifle 216:15

285:10 287:18

stifled 225:11

stifles 199:22

stifling 134:14

288:22

stimulate 28:20

144:5 216:4

221:6

stock 71:8 96:7

96:15 200:10

290:10 316:19

stocks 30:15

31:5

stonewall 298:6

stood 307:2

stop 59:1 252:15

280:19 334:10

stopped 181:11

stops 58:5 93:14

121:7 203:9,11

203:11

storage 26:2

45:15 99:6

109:1 232:15

store 72:6 204:8

stores 70:1

90:21 95:4

106:9 171:19

183:22 203:9

203:12 204:3

334:10 337:5

340:18

stories 46:15

storm 297:4

story 32:3 38:20

46:2 104:2

105:18 151:15

168:15 169:2

188:10 197:19

222:7 224:11

277:13

stout 262:9

stover 32:1

323:15,17

straighten

189:20

straightforward

260:8 312:4

strains 296:5

strategic 162:22

268:12,14

strategies 80:16

strategy 38:5

stratford 79:12

straw 323:18
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 447

stream 251:2

streamline

18:10

streams 31:3

43:18

street 272:5,9

strengthen 34:5

243:10,11

strengthening

29:7 235:10

strengthens

255:15

stress 300:21

stretch 98:1

341:10,13

stricker 4:7 76:3

103:21,21

strictly 178:16

strides 295:4

321:20

strike 17:10

strikes 30:14

107:1

striking 109:4

335:13

stringent 275:8

strips 281:6

striving 277:18

strong 47:16

55:19,22 79:7

89:14,22

117:14 186:20

192:13 208:7

209:20 216:6

225:14 235:4,5

243:9 251:8

262:19 263:18

263:18 271:10

274:12 278:9

278:10 300:2

314:7 323:13

325:8 333:1

336:8

stronger 28:4

139:22 172:11

192:13 232:19

235:5,7 283:10

strongly 92:2

145:5 173:11

209:2 227:3

232:20 234:13

265:2

structurally

63:16

structured

164:4

struggle 112:16

260:18 295:3

361:20 363:14

struggled 368:2

struggling 25:21

208:14

stuck 375:7

student 262:8

studies 362:10

study 35:22

60:18 61:3

67:8 75:6

108:8

stuff 96:13

358:4

stumbling

294:19

stunned 360:16

stupid 65:9

stymie 143:9

194:3

stymied 283:3

subject 153:8

submission 17:6

submissions

17:4

submit 16:17

18:18 39:17

88:21 135:20

284:2

submitted

249:11 325:2

suboctane

316:19

subpar 357:10

subsequent

334:16 355:11

subsidies 196:3

197:13 267:13

298:1 332:9

361:21 362:8

subsidized

209:19 329:3

subsidizing

302:1

subsidy 177:1

227:13 316:9

353:16,16

substantial 40:2

106:7 208:3

245:7

substitute 127:1

substituting

27:10

success 29:3

32:3 38:20

46:2,15 61:11

70:17 71:16

74:16 75:7

87:11 101:6

122:1 169:2

187:16 188:10

197:19 222:7

224:1,10 230:9

271:4 273:4

277:13 285:5

289:13 296:7

303:5 316:21

354:19 368:13

368:14

successful 55:13

55:17 62:15

72:15,16 88:17

97:15 98:6

101:2 110:20

116:9,11

174:22 197:7

208:4 231:8

238:5 239:10

246:10 247:21

251:5 278:13

314:21 334:3

354:17 358:19

successfully

55:10 75:1

251:12 313:16

succession 18:3

sudden 354:14

suffer 179:18

suffered 217:15

sufficient 40:16

108:11

sufficiently 15:8

sugar 324:16

327:7,10,13,14

343:1

sugarcane 24:18

215:16,18

219:12 343:13

sugars 324:13

suggest 86:15

suggested 54:5

311:8

suggesting 195:5

suggestion 73:15

suggests 42:14

42:22 135:15

suited 96:10

sum 43:11

summarize 34:2

118:15 156:18

summary 13:8

167:2 206:10

206:13 207:15

225:14 267:20

summer 45:13

70:9 71:8,11

71:14 95:1

summit 325:17

sums 320:2

sun 237:14

sunny 25:12

sunset 21:15

249:5 328:5

sunsets 328:6

super 181:14

superior 316:18

supervisor

297:5 303:17

supplemental

17:6

supplier 137:13

154:15 171:11

223:11 258:22

296:2

suppliers 46:10

60:20 137:3,11

191:17 225:10

285:7 286:16

291:12 349:11

supplies 49:22

97:18,20

175:19 186:15

204:12 218:17

259:3,15

295:22 315:20

supply 13:2

20:10,22 21:4

24:5 26:5,19

30:5,7,12,15

30:18 61:22

64:12 68:16

86:16,22 90:12

93:4 98:2

103:9 107:18

114:5 117:4,15

123:5,12

131:20 143:3

146:3 147:11

148:13 156:19

173:2 182:4

188:19 189:7

193:17 194:19

196:2,5 199:20

203:8 205:6,8

205:16 206:5,7

211:13 212:1

212:14,22

214:16 236:22
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 448

239:17,21

240:5 243:10

251:10 259:14

267:13 275:8

278:21 310:21

318:14,18

319:14 321:16

323:5 331:10

331:22 334:17

335:6,7 347:13

350:12,16

359:14,18,22

360:6 363:6

364:8 366:15

supplying

175:15 267:11

support 22:13

26:13 39:21

41:7 46:7 47:4

47:9 50:16

53:3 55:22

59:6 73:10

106:21 110:10

110:16,21

115:12 118:17

121:20 123:20

128:9 129:12

138:9 158:14

163:16 172:12

210:9,18 217:5

221:15 253:5,7

253:11,15

283:11 297:4

302:7 315:11

322:2 325:9

348:11,17

350:1

supported 61:3

246:6 267:8

293:14

supporter

301:17

supporters 89:2

117:17

supporting

26:16 39:18

120:16 290:8

supportive

106:13 148:10

223:15

supports 20:20

44:22 53:7

148:13 172:11

172:12,16

173:4 227:3

242:8 244:14

267:2 273:9

285:13 300:10

313:5 317:1

332:9,12,13

348:8 367:3

supposed

194:10

sure 16:15

192:20 209:15

227:22 236:2

242:5 268:16

292:12 304:18

307:13 309:10

347:9 360:15

362:6 370:1

375:5

surpass 342:16

surplus 33:6

78:21

surpluses 26:1

surprise 74:20

surprising

255:12

surrenders

336:17

surround 368:2

surrounding

267:6 273:5

survive 129:12

237:4 361:21

survived 216:7

356:4

suspect 38:9

sustain 162:16

281:5

sustainability

81:2 88:11

146:14 147:1

177:18

sustainable 28:6

123:6 128:10

128:20 146:17

146:19 178:11

186:19 236:12

237:13 242:22

swap 337:5

sweat 246:15

sweet 93:1 148:7

sweeteners

236:20

swell 31:5

swine 164:2

247:12

switch 225:21

switched 70:19

switchgrass

324:3

switchover

243:20

symbolizes 59:6

59:10,11

synchronization

149:19 168:16

synergies 372:15

synergistic

316:6,7

syngenta 284:7

284:12 285:17

286:22 287:3

287:12,13

288:4,8,18

289:16

system 211:5

269:18 311:1

318:20 339:15

T

table 17:17

18:19 37:17

63:7 118:4

190:20

tables 18:2,13

tackle 57:5

tag 314:1

tailpipe 362:17

tailspin 147:8

take 11:3 25:16

29:12 32:21

37:4 41:22

62:16 63:1

77:2 93:17

119:16,17

124:21 133:7

139:20 141:19

156:9 163:18

175:2 177:2

188:18 194:4

199:4 208:21

230:19 234:21

268:9 289:2,14

319:1 321:3

325:10 335:14

339:20 357:13

365:14 368:22

371:3,10

374:20

takeaways 67:9

taken 93:3

191:21 260:8

373:16

takes 22:10

103:4 118:22

156:10 241:13

241:16 336:2

356:22

talk 13:17 16:20

44:18 63:4

111:8,14 117:6

138:4 191:20

203:14 204:18

204:22 304:22

337:16 347:10

talked 181:2,8

206:2 338:10

talking 104:13

104:19 105:15

146:3 241:21

331:7

tampa 353:22

tank 109:2

204:5 251:22

255:20

tanks 45:15

108:14

tapp 2:8 235:13

235:22 238:12

240:21 243:14

243:16 244:1

245:14 247:4

249:18 253:13

257:6 261:18

261:20 262:6

265:9 266:13

269:9 271:21

272:1,14

275:20 279:11

283:15 287:10

290:1 292:4,6

292:8,20

295:17 299:18

301:10 304:14

306:15 309:6

309:16 312:11

314:11,13

317:16 320:10

322:21 323:1

326:3,6,21

330:9 333:22

337:12 340:11

343:17,20,22

347:3 349:18

352:1 355:6,15

358:11 361:6

361:11 364:11

367:9 370:3

371:7 374:9,11

tar 306:19 308:4

target 15:11

targeted 15:7
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 449

targets 15:3,18

15:19 23:7

39:18 44:21

73:7 127:6

130:7,10 165:8

165:20 166:7

166:11,12,21

167:3,11,15

201:16 205:10

205:22 206:18

259:18 288:20

294:10,11

310:14,18

311:17 312:5

325:5,8 372:21

tariff 343:4

tarrance 71:20

task 335:8

tasked 127:18

153:1

taught 102:8

369:18

tax 40:7 55:7

148:15 158:16

175:8,9 208:7

208:11 227:13

230:6,15

242:16,19

taxable 244:18

taxes 80:4

160:19,20

190:15 221:20

227:11 229:22

230:1 242:9

267:9,9 285:3

289:12 303:18

315:14

taxpayers 78:15

297:22 362:4

teacher 229:17

teaching 180:6

team 41:15

191:1 210:5

211:4 223:7

teammates

196:8

tear 34:11,12

tears 214:13

tech 95:15

technical 26:11

41:7 45:6

202:14 294:16

322:1

technologies

31:1 48:3,6

52:5 57:2,18

57:19 80:17

88:6 132:17

133:10 237:12

250:16 259:4

281:7 283:5

293:19 295:10

295:14 311:20

323:3 325:11

373:20

technology

51:22 78:3

96:9,9 114:15

126:14 127:8

134:5 135:2,10

146:22 161:21

236:12 250:20

250:21 251:1

252:20 253:4

268:5,6 274:10

284:7,19

285:19 286:3

288:15 298:10

302:18 303:1

313:9,11,12

332:5 338:5

372:14 373:13

teeth 93:3

tegels 6:19 223:6

223:7

tell 46:15,16

65:3 105:4,16

105:18 107:3

121:4 139:12

145:16 217:15

229:11 277:9

351:19 362:6

telling 107:18

196:4

tells 195:20

ten 224:15

tending 277:22

tends 207:17

tenfold 142:15

tennessee 116:7

116:17 119:9

223:10 224:21

tens 26:16 90:20

teresa 231:18

term 319:6

350:16

terminal 299:3

terminals

200:18 266:2

270:18

terminated

122:18 217:9

terms 41:9 43:4

43:22 44:2

63:4 222:1

334:20 353:9

353:14

terribly 106:18

terrific 12:4

46:2

terror 59:16

tested 95:15

96:2 249:2

290:18

testified 344:7

352:11

testifier 17:19

testify 17:15

18:17,21,22

31:16 34:17

37:11 56:20

76:10 99:18

124:13 137:18

167:16 168:1

177:4 182:15

187:21 257:8

265:10 309:18

314:15 317:13

345:3 355:13

375:3

testifying 19:10

167:21 326:12

374:13

testimony 12:8

17:6,16,18

18:1,2,7,15,20

84:22 91:20

109:7 111:8

120:3 138:3

157:11 165:10

185:18 202:5

235:14 243:16

261:16 266:15

303:6 337:12

347:4 355:6

358:12 364:12

367:10 371:8

374:15,16

testing 330:2

texas 76:12,14

76:17,21 77:4

77:20 79:12,12

79:14,19 80:1

81:14,16 94:6

188:16 327:6

356:6

text 284:3

thank 11:13

13:9 16:21

19:1 20:1,2

22:21 23:1,5

25:10,11 28:9

28:10,12 31:13

31:14,15 34:13

34:16 37:11,12

37:15 38:3

41:3,4 44:11

44:13 47:21,22

49:6 50:7,10

50:11,13 52:19

52:20 56:3,4,7

56:16,19 60:3

60:4,6 62:20

62:21 66:10,11

66:14 69:18

72:18,19 75:14

75:15,18 76:10

79:9,10 83:2,3

86:1,6 89:3,4

91:16,17 94:1

94:2,5,14 97:1

97:2 99:12,13

101:11,12

103:19,20

105:8,21 109:9

109:11,14

115:14,15

119:19,21,22

120:3 124:13

124:14,17

125:5 127:10

127:11,12

130:12,13

133:14,15

135:20 136:2

137:18,20

138:1 141:5,6

141:10 142:1,2

145:7,8 147:21

148:1,2 149:8

149:9 152:6,7

152:8 155:13

155:14 157:8,9

157:10,16

160:1,3 162:21

165:2,3,6

167:16,18

168:1 170:7,8

170:11,20

174:11,12

177:4,5 179:21

179:22 182:8,9

182:14 184:20

184:21 185:2,2

185:4,11
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 450

187:21,22

190:7,8 193:1

193:2 196:18

199:4,6 202:2

202:3,4,18,19

203:3 206:20

206:21 210:2,3

210:4,12

213:11,12

216:16,17

219:14,15,16

219:19 222:11

222:12,15,18

222:19 223:4

225:17,19

226:20 228:6,7

231:9,12 233:5

233:6 235:12

235:13 236:3

238:7,11,12,13

238:17 240:21

240:22 243:13

243:14,16

244:1,3 245:13

245:14,15

247:3,4,5

249:16,17,18

249:19 253:11

253:13,14

256:15 257:3,6

257:7 261:16

261:18 265:8,9

265:10 266:12

266:13,14,19

269:8,9,10,10

271:20,21,22

272:1,15

275:19,20,22

279:10,13

283:14,15

284:4 287:8,10

289:21 290:1

292:2,4,6,14

295:16,17

299:16,18,19

301:9,10,11

304:14 306:13

309:4,6,6,14

309:17 312:8

312:11 314:11

314:14 317:13

317:14,16

320:8,10

322:20,21

326:2,3 330:9

333:20,22

337:10,12

340:8,11,12

343:16,17,20

343:21 344:20

345:1,2 347:2

347:3 349:17

349:18 351:22

355:4 358:10

361:4,6 364:10

364:11 367:8,9

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Alderson Reporting Company

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Alderson Reporting Company

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w 4:17 281:15

waees 41:18

211:4,15,21

213:5

wages 35:15

61:5 285:3

289:11

waiting 150:16

375:3

waive 22:13

32:10 33:3

64:14 318:22

waived 63:22

65:6 294:12

waiver 14:17

20:20 22:18

29:15 30:6

64:10 65:17,18

66:2,7 72:17

87:3 94:22

124:4 132:2

134:17,18

141:4 189:6

279:2 289:5

294:13 312:22

318:12 319:8

319:10,13

334:15 335:3

336:20 350:15

351:14 359:12

360:3 373:7,7

waivers 64:16

374:3

waiving 33:15

walk 214:11

walking 87:7

wall 16:7 20:13

21:2 22:14

29:14,16 30:3

31:10 33:2

34:11,12 63:14

71:18 72:8

95:6 103:15

106:15,17

107:3 111:9,10

111:18 143:16

166:13,16,20

183:10 184:11

194:9 195:3

200:5 205:17

210:21 215:17

219:6 222:22

228:22 229:7

248:21 251:14

277:3 289:2

294:19 298:16

319:5,6 322:18

341:9,10,13

342:12,16

373:3

wallets 72:6

81:11

want 12:2 16:14

19:4 34:5,14

41:10 49:6

50:15,19 51:7

56:19 63:21

66:14 72:10

73:10 76:6

80:13 81:13

83:16 86:2

94:8 96:17

102:18 111:16

116:5 117:6

118:15 120:3

123:17 138:9

139:1 149:4

153:13 155:8

164:14 177:15

179:13 185:18

186:21 197:14

204:18 226:11

227:20 228:3

245:12 247:1

252:19 253:10

255:20 256:14

256:18,20

266:14 272:7,8

279:3 283:11

291:1,13

305:20 312:19

329:11 330:5

332:4,8,19,20

333:1,6 335:18

337:16 342:17

343:6 369:9

370:18 372:18

wanted 28:19

46:7 65:1

104:5 105:19

113:12 258:21

264:9

wanting 159:6

364:2

wants 18:20

65:21 256:12

332:21

war 59:16 176:9

239:8

ward 2:5

warm 25:12

warming 167:5

warn 45:17,17

warning 150:4

warrant 54:1

warranted

45:10

warranties

53:19 96:1

warranty 53:21

54:12,18 55:3

73:16

wars 363:6,8,11

363:13,15,18

washington

66:16 106:3

223:19 232:21

233:10 291:5

304:18 365:20

wasnt 338:3

waste 11:17 32:2

wasted 154:7

340:3

wasting 327:17

watch 305:6

watched 214:11

214:22

water 80:18

126:9 128:1

153:2 175:14

237:15 273:16

274:4 286:10

290:17,18

307:4,8,19

313:13

waterefficient

247:17

waterloo 83:6

waters 367:6

waterways

281:5

waxahachie

76:12

way 18:12 26:11

27:11 47:6

55:2 56:10

61:18,21 67:22

72:3 75:20

93:9 110:6

152:17 159:1

173:3 181:1,10

195:7 198:1

215:20 225:6

227:2 236:16

249:8 254:9

271:12 308:20

325:6 333:14

335:9 342:15

363:17 371:18

wayne 3:20

56:12 89:5

92:9

ways 223:21

wb 50:15 51:7,9

51:13 52:13

wbs 52:17

weak 294:16

weapons 248:14

wear 276:2,3,8

277:4,17

wearing 150:1

weather 75:2

206:17,17

239:12,13,14

239:18 240:9

254:15

weaver 3:5 11:9

52:21,21

weber 2:3,21

11:8,11,13,16

16:21 25:11

28:10 31:14

34:14 37:12,15

38:2 41:4,5,6

44:13 47:22

50:11 52:20

56:4,7,16 60:4

62:21 66:11

69:18 72:19

75:15,18 76:5
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 456

79:10 82:6

83:3 89:4

91:17 94:2,5

94:14 97:2

99:13 101:12

103:20 105:22

109:11,14

115:15 119:21

124:14,17

157:16 160:3

170:8,11

174:12 184:21

185:2,5,12

202:3,19 203:4

210:4 219:15

222:12,18,20

wed 118:2 180:7

185:6 262:3

279:8 357:6

374:20

wednesday 59:4

week 44:1 121:6

122:4 214:8

336:11 353:21

weeks 325:17

341:18

weighted 42:8

welcome 11:14

25:12 262:1

327:1 367:18

welders 117:17

welding 186:16

wellbeing

320:19

wells 339:14

went 45:14

73:18 105:7

177:13 181:15

182:1 194:18

206:12 214:7

215:1 246:10

281:18 291:5

312:16 329:2,5

337:22 356:8

werner 2:9

wesley 3:17

56:11 79:10,11

83:3 105:8

west 97:12

115:20 119:9

148:5 171:13

259:18 290:14

290:14

westerfield 4:12

94:12 115:17

115:18 188:9

western 117:22

126:6 188:11

188:15 216:19

224:16 338:8

338:15 339:16

355:19 356:21

358:14

wet 178:12

237:18 314:5

338:17 339:1

weve 51:14,17

51:20 55:13

58:7 65:13

70:21 80:19

95:11 103:6

123:14 156:13

180:21 181:2

186:21 189:9

227:12,14

236:19 248:4

249:2,10,11

268:11 274:15

274:20,21

276:17 291:14

315:9 330:20

352:21 368:2,6

372:6

whats 180:5

243:8 249:9

300:17 306:4

371:17

whatsoever

358:7

wheat 76:11

83:18 155:19

228:9,11

231:14,17

233:8 278:4

308:5 323:12

323:17,18

white 145:10

272:5,7,9

283:18,22

whitney 4:12

6:11 94:12

115:18 185:7

188:9 203:6,7

206:13

wholeheartedly

51:6

wholesale 67:13

183:17

whos 106:20

356:12

whove 159:3

204:21

wichita 199:9

wide 293:2

widely 45:10

70:3,6 163:14

249:2

wife 83:7 86:9

145:13,14

174:17 228:11

228:13 229:16

231:18 233:12

233:15 280:6

wildly 93:12

william 170:16

williams 6:20

185:8 225:20

226:1

willing 70:14

93:14 95:12

311:22 315:1

willis 7:13

235:19 247:6,6

win 255:6,8

271:18,18

304:2

wind 289:14

308:18

windfall 103:2

winner 85:20,21

218:7 278:2

winter 45:12

74:19

winwin 184:18

winwinwin

316:6

wisconsin 99:18

262:8 266:3

317:21,21

347:7 349:10

wisdom 155:22

157:3 232:21

wisely 248:21

wish 194:7

305:15

wishing 17:14

18:17

withdraw

110:21

witness 17:13

18:5

witnessed

112:11 142:7

witnesses 18:3,7

woefully 278:16

women 59:8,18

194:5 254:12

wonder 153:10

280:20

wondering 84:8

302:9 357:12

wont 58:22,22

102:15,16

291:4 351:7

word 154:12

249:4

worded 131:19

wording 134:20

words 191:22

233:2

work 13:4 26:11

41:15 42:6

44:14 46:5

54:19 55:17

57:5,22 58:9

69:21 80:9

103:22 104:3,8

104:10 105:1

125:6,21

127:13 138:1

150:1 153:14

160:10 162:11

173:19 174:7

186:21 187:8

189:1 191:2

197:20 199:8

203:7 204:19

219:17 226:5,8

226:13 249:4

254:3,10 256:4

278:4 294:14

294:17 297:16

300:6 317:9

324:14 334:8

338:13 345:14

347:14 351:4,7

361:8,15

372:20

workable 219:8

worked 29:4

51:13 90:3

107:17 149:18

187:5,7 190:13

193:9 194:5

236:14 290:20

327:20,21

328:2 334:6

338:7 349:6,7

workers 35:12

120:7 175:17

176:12 186:5

275:16 315:1

349:11 371:1

working 26:9

27:1 52:5
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 457

54:21 55:20

128:6,9 142:5

150:6 154:12

187:1 205:5

206:14,15

211:16 224:16

242:15 243:6,8

249:15 294:21

300:16 307:4

324:12

workmanship

54:2

works 57:8 80:2

231:18 248:10

251:21 366:10

world 42:9 64:2

115:1 134:5

135:3 148:21

151:14 153:22

154:13 179:3

197:7 198:8

205:14 210:7

213:19 221:19

234:22 264:19

277:19 297:12

300:9 301:4

304:16 323:7

324:19 325:18

331:11,21

333:11 347:19

347:20 348:10

354:17 372:8

worldclass

284:15

worlds 131:3

284:12 288:4

worldwide

237:2 288:5

worry 150:14

215:8

worse 114:8

129:8 191:21

307:19 328:17

worth 76:13

90:20 241:4

wouldbe 92:12

wouldnt 95:8,9

105:2 155:7

216:9 291:2

wrap 19:12

write 91:7

writing 374:16

374:20

written 16:15

17:4 68:9

111:8 147:10

147:17 196:7

334:17 370:1

370:15

wrong 131:10

169:11

wrote 69:15

wyandotte 1:5

X

xl 307:18

Y

yeah 90:5 141:7

202:4 306:11

374:11

year 13:22 14:1

22:7 28:15

35:13,22 36:7

36:16 37:7

40:5 41:15

42:1,16,17

43:1,2,7 55:12

59:4 70:8

74:15 76:9

77:21 79:7

80:3 82:19

83:1 84:22

90:15 91:8,8,9

92:3 94:18,20

94:21 95:9

98:18 110:9

112:5 114:11

116:2 122:18

130:20 132:5,8

136:20 151:3,8

161:2 165:21

166:1,2,3,5

169:7 172:7

177:13 180:15

181:21 185:22

188:3 190:14

193:11 202:7

208:6 209:3,14

214:5,10 216:8

217:9 231:1

241:20 242:14

245:22 247:9

249:10,10

254:7,18

258:17,17

260:9 263:13

267:20 268:7

272:22 273:1,3

285:4 289:12

301:16 310:2

317:22 318:16

321:2 325:5

330:14 341:7

353:8 362:4

367:19 373:9

374:3

yearround

315:20

years 14:11

25:20 30:20

32:17 34:11

39:22 50:21

51:17 52:22

53:5 57:9,15

62:16 73:14

77:16 80:22

86:18 89:22

90:1 91:6

96:20 97:7

113:11 114:19

121:20 122:16

125:17 130:11

134:12 136:17

140:9 142:5

143:20 145:15

151:4,9,15

157:4 160:12

165:12 166:7

180:18 182:2

207:8 208:4

209:10 210:17

212:13 213:8,9

217:1 221:10

224:6,15

226:11 236:14

237:3 239:9

246:5 247:22

249:11 250:13

254:16 257:12

259:9 262:15

266:9 267:8

269:17 270:8

280:1,14,17

281:9 282:4,10

298:21 301:14

302:12 303:2,3

303:4 314:2,22

316:10 318:5

319:1 325:14

328:8,9 334:2

334:5 338:8

339:14 349:7

350:22 355:18

356:16 371:13

372:12 373:10

yeast 293:1,9

295:22 296:5

323:5,6

yeasts 293:6

295:1 324:22

yellow 19:9,11

104:14 105:12

180:5 181:9

187:3

yep 56:17

yesterday 51:21

312:14 342:5

yield 51:18

273:16 281:2,9

281:11 313:19

yields 78:2

178:8 302:2,21

323:22 349:13

youll 41:19

139:17 203:17

227:10

young 114:9,13

159:9 178:3,4

178:5 242:15

248:6 263:9,19

264:7 277:12

303:16 305:8

368:3

younger 254:1

265:5

youngquist 4:4

76:2 97:3,4

youre 12:1

37:18 38:9

51:4 63:10,12

63:13 64:14

66:4,8 85:8

95:20 111:2,4

113:7 119:4

180:6 330:7

youth 153:9

155:6 265:7

277:20 278:11

youve 63:20

93:5,10 107:5

116:14 117:13

118:16 119:2

119:10,11

157:5 219:6

335:11,21

347:9 350:2

yuma 337:14

Z

zeachem 136:4,5

136:12,16

137:3

zook 2:17 34:16

34:18
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 458

zylene 149:20

151:17

0

0 184:7

00 1:11 375:11

000 33:21,22

36:7 48:20

49:1,1 57:19

61:4 80:2

91:20 136:6

148:14 151:5

160:19 163:11

163:16 171:4

172:17 176:13

176:13 177:8

177:11 178:18

181:20 186:6

190:14,15

193:10 233:11

242:8 244:15

267:14 273:2,3

273:9 274:15

284:13 288:5

290:21 300:1

310:8,9 315:13

317:1 323:7,16

356:21 361:13

000hour 313:16

03 216:2

050 291:19

077 270:12

09 184:7

1

1 14:13 19:11

24:3 34:21

36:3 37:5 42:7

43:1 49:10

60:12,21 61:4

74:6 76:22

81:6 82:7

84:10,13,17

85:3,8 98:22

98:22 100:10

112:5 120:15

138:17 158:12

158:14 159:12

163:12,17

171:19 172:7

174:20 176:15

178:18 181:20

181:21 182:18

191:17 212:8

215:10 217:3

217:22 218:2

221:1,4 228:14

231:17 233:11

242:1 250:6

253:18 260:9

267:14 270:13

282:13 291:19

310:8 313:11

313:16,22

314:18 338:17

342:6 345:18

346:5 352:16

355:12 359:20

372:1,6 375:1

375:4

10 4:2 20:15

21:4 30:20

48:16 72:3

75:22 89:22

91:6 94:7 95:6

103:1 108:3

125:2 181:16

183:10 184:7,7

194:10 214:13

215:21 229:3

241:12 242:13

250:8 252:7

267:9 279:20

286:10 290:20

290:21 299:1

303:1 313:19

316:12,14

321:16 322:14

327:22 339:17

341:10 342:12

356:16 362:4

364:4 373:2

100 50:16 51:14

77:9 110:19

121:14 145:15

160:19 171:6

179:9 192:12

209:14 242:2

242:11 244:17

249:6 274:15

281:1 286:7,12

308:1 315:11

339:1

1006 290:11

100year 84:11

101st 189:16

102 165:12

312:13

105 193:9

10minute

124:22

10th 12:13 59:4

290:11

10year 152:13

11 98:21 189:22

356:16 367:14

111 48:20

11th 48:17

12 4:15 15:14

48:11 57:15

79:22 109:16

184:3,10 211:8

214:2 216:7

250:3 261:4

313:20 339:20

339:22 343:4

120 116:15

220:5 321:6

125 302:3

12plus 48:18

13 48:22 49:10

84:3,6,12

132:10 138:19

234:18 244:22

300:13 352:18

130 33:22

133yearold

152:18

135 310:2 321:4

138 362:14

14 5:2 22:6

39:11 48:19

52:22 60:11

63:1 79:16

84:3,6,10,16

85:2 132:10

141:8 146:7

178:4 228:20

242:9 244:21

281:19 282:11

285:3 289:11

140 100:7

14plus 53:5

15 12:9,17 15:4

20:21 39:11

51:17 66:4

76:9 79:17

84:5,7,20

86:15,18 87:20

88:5,19 90:7

97:7,11 99:5

110:15 130:18

132:5,7 145:20

145:20 146:4

152:3 167:14

183:20 194:19

195:13 196:5

208:20 213:10

217:1 220:17

224:6,15

228:20 278:15

318:4 330:20

331:1 354:13

357:15 359:19

364:19 366:8

374:1

15th 180:15

16 5:10 12:9,17

15:4 20:21

23:18 24:5

39:16,18 49:12

76:9 79:17

86:15,18 88:6

88:19 132:8

141:14 152:3

163:3 217:19

220:17 228:20

262:10 287:15

288:20 341:7

374:2

160 246:3 302:3

338:16 353:2

163 176:14

165 245:22

169 216:2

17 23:18 39:16

49:9,12 177:12

184:8 208:21

216:10 220:17

241:9

18 5:17 15:14

84:1 94:20

95:8 131:8

157:12 170:12

184:2 263:14

180 40:13 51:13

60:16 161:5

184 242:7 285:2

289:10

18th 57:4

19 231:19

1940s 125:14

1960s 125:15

165:17

1964 270:1

1970 268:18

1972 347:15

1978 290:12

1979 337:22

1980 77:18

146:19

1980s 159:10

178:1 331:6

1988 45:1

199 161:3
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 459

1990 27:20 45:2

108:16

1992 27:17,20

45:3

1994 28:19

1pound 312:22

351:13

2

2 2:11 11:4 24:5

24:6,13 28:7,8

39:18,18 43:1

47:18,19 49:12

49:12 61:4

73:7,8 75:12

75:12 76:22

77:10,20 80:3

85:2 90:1

102:22 103:6

112:4 121:22

131:1 145:13

146:7 160:19

163:17 179:11

180:17 193:7

208:22 209:1,3

212:8,9,9

213:4 216:2,11

216:11 217:4,4

217:10,15

218:4,5 228:4

228:5 246:13

247:10 250:8

259:9 270:12

274:22 282:10

285:3 289:11

301:21 334:10

334:15,15

335:11,11,21

335:21 350:22

372:12 375:2

20 6:2 25:20

45:12 50:21

77:10 96:20

100:16 121:20

151:5 155:4

170:14 179:11

183:20 189:15

247:22 321:7

200 104:9

121:16 143:3

145:13 183:5

248:4 281:2

293:9 302:22

330:17 352:19

2000 257:20

371:15

2000s 294:21

301:20 302:11

2001 71:21

2003 270:5

320:22

2004 55:8 98:18

338:9

2005 64:5,17

110:7 123:1

131:22 178:4

197:16 210:14

257:21 273:7

281:11 337:15

2006 24:12

293:8,15 295:4

2007 20:17 30:1

31:12 33:9

51:10 64:5

87:17 110:12

123:2 124:7

134:22 137:17

145:18 158:3

159:18 168:20

197:16 200:3

229:1 240:16

242:12 246:5

250:2 252:22

254:21 258:13

266:11 269:4

273:8 298:18

317:10 355:2

371:20

2008 100:7

176:10 314:19

318:6 324:12

2009 125:9

182:16 371:17

2010 73:18,22

74:2,5 104:3

134:20 154:20

160:15 214:1

318:7

2011 146:19

242:20 248:18

201112 213:8

2012 14:12

77:10 121:15

176:10 179:10

214:2 233:18

234:4 276:17

314:4

201213 213:8

2013 14:10 24:4

73:2 77:19

83:22 84:11,13

85:1 92:7

104:12 129:21

133:2,21 184:3

184:7 191:6

208:5 214:4

215:9,11,22

217:12,16

218:3 244:21

293:21 294:6

300:13 304:18

2014 1:2 12:9,17

15:4 20:21

30:11 33:21

42:2,8 44:4

48:10 73:1,22

74:2,6,10 76:9

76:21 84:3,14

86:15,18 88:5

103:4 120:20

121:16 131:8

131:16 136:12

136:15 146:6

152:3 159:16

161:2 164:11

165:8,21 166:2

188:20 192:3

193:19 208:9

208:20 213:10

214:6,11,17,21

215:9 217:12

220:17 262:10

278:15 284:9

285:8 287:14

288:19 294:4

340:20,21

341:5 350:22

352:12 372:1

374:1

201416 180:9

20142016

265:18

2015 1:2,10

24:14 30:13

34:1 57:4 84:4

84:16,18 85:4

85:5 87:21

88:19 103:4

111:1 120:20

132:8 136:13

136:15 138:13

139:7,18

145:21 146:3

158:1 159:22

163:3 164:20

165:8 166:3

167:15 177:14

184:3,8 212:9

212:18 215:21

216:1 217:11

217:19 294:5

341:7 346:19

2016 1:2 15:9

21:5,18 24:4,7

25:8 28:4,7

30:13 47:19

61:7 73:8

75:12 84:6

87:22 103:4

111:1 120:20

131:17 132:12

136:13,15

139:7 158:1

159:22 165:8

166:5 167:15

188:20 208:21

209:1 212:9

213:21 215:11

216:10 218:5

228:5 249:14

278:15 284:9

285:9

201617 215:8

216:5

2017 12:11,18

22:4 25:8 28:4

28:8 39:19

47:20 73:2,9

75:12 209:1

212:10 213:5

213:21 218:1,5

228:5 259:8

2022 112:1

229:4 318:5

349:9

2025 282:21

2050 114:12

207 190:14

21 179:6

21st 280:6

22 6:10 83:11

103:1 136:8

185:7 186:6

202:20 222:14

225:20 262:15

338:8

227 73:22

22yearold 262:8

230 247:8

317:22

24 6:18 7:2

110:18 120:15

202:21 214:7

222:13

240 90:11 98:19
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 460

25 1:10 61:4

83:7 84:3 90:8

116:1 139:18

140:5 156:8

181:13 193:12

214:11 215:9

257:12 273:1

282:21 314:1

342:6 352:21

250 136:6

176:13 250:10

272:22 338:17

25th 140:18

26 7:5 142:5

184:8 222:21

235:15 338:12

265 106:10

27 71:2 96:5

191:10 193:7

195:9,12

199:11 252:5

270:12 277:1

334:10 362:15

27th 16:18

28 7:10 104:3,8

182:1 214:4

221:1 235:16

235:17 243:17

244:1 276:11

288 203:11

29 284:13 288:5

29th 12:13

2hour 186:11

2year 92:11

3

3 17:16,21 28:8

39:18 44:15

47:19 49:1

60:15 73:8

74:2,6 75:12

90:5,6 99:5

130:19 134:12

138:7 146:1

176:15 217:14

217:15 218:5

228:5,14 234:4

239:9 250:10

250:12 267:9

270:8 313:22

355:21 357:10

371:4

30 7:18 17:5

34:10 80:20

90:15 146:20

211:10 216:21

243:18,19

261:5,20,22

262:2 268:6

272:21 274:9

313:14 334:2

353:13 354:3

300 36:7 43:1

112:5 120:15

158:14 174:20

193:10,19

246:1 248:4

270:13 273:3

281:18 310:1

300plus 206:5

305 364:18

307 17:1

30cent 181:15

353:15

30s 126:7

32 8:2 42:18

261:21 262:3

272:2

320 247:13

352:8

33 9:13 74:2

213:10 326:16

339:22 343:22

344:2

33119 335:21

33129 335:11

34 8:10 109:22

155:1 199:10

213:6 272:3,10

292:8 308:1

35 117:5 182:1

188:2 213:6

344:1,4,10

364:18

350 85:7 265:15

286:11

36 8:18 9:2

57:15 80:22

110:13 229:4

292:9,10 309:7

315:10 325:5

37 263:15

301:14 344:4

344:11

375 340:15

38 9:6 42:17

245:1 300:15

309:7,10 326:6

326:9

380 160:21

382 121:16

386 340:22

388 49:2

390 76:19

148:14

3butadiene

345:18 346:5

3minute 19:7

3rd 115:19

4

4 2:19 3:2 11:5

15:13 24:5

36:3 37:17

38:2 48:11

49:12 56:7

73:20 74:1,7

74:11,12 84:3

84:6,16 98:18

98:20 100:6

101:20 102:20

107:12 132:10

138:17 143:1

208:22 212:9

216:2,11

217:10 234:4

249:11 274:20

274:21 290:14

310:9 314:2

339:21 352:17

356:21 357:11

40 62:16 97:14

98:17 106:11

108:16 125:17

148:5 163:22

186:5 203:12

293:4 314:22

321:1 326:7,9

326:11 339:7,8

344:12,20

370:7 371:13

400 34:21 37:5

98:21 101:20

102:1 171:19

172:17 231:17

244:15 271:5

273:9 300:1

317:1 350:19

361:13

40year 239:16

41 112:19

410 152:13

42 269:17

280:14 344:17

344:19

43 80:21 349:7

435 176:14

44 36:16 190:12

244:18

44cent 329:4

45 83:20 151:15

176:13 211:6

261:6

450 266:22

46 285:3 289:11

315:10

47 71:2

48 73:21 176:13

267:2

480 190:15

49 112:19

159:16 164:12

269:13 323:7

4h 83:13 152:13

5

5 17:1 42:17

48:18 53:7

57:19,20,20

72:3 73:20

81:6 83:22

85:1 94:21

95:9 120:17

123:7 138:19

156:10 163:12

165:11 169:6

176:11 195:9

195:12 217:10

234:18 242:7,9

246:13 263:14

270:8 280:18

285:3 289:11

313:11 316:14

323:16 334:5

339:17 352:17

352:18 373:10

50 28:15 45:12

57:17,19 100:1

100:10 140:2

140:21 146:1

148:9 158:15

163:11 176:12

199:19 213:7

234:4 249:22

274:22 282:12

291:20 315:6

315:13 317:4

319:15,18

354:13 355:20

356:21 364:5

500 97:17

130:22 181:21

186:10 267:11

310:7 352:16

501 44:15
Public Hearing June 25, 2015

Kansas City, KS

1-800-FOR-DEPO

Alderson Reporting Company

Page 461

50mile 339:1

50th 104:4

515 164:11

52 179:6 346:12

362:22

520 1:21

53 80:2,18

160:20 273:10

54 184:3

55 97:16 301:15

338:19

557 217:17

563 80:4

57 245:5 270:11

300:12

574 49:1

58 263:12

59 116:14 117:3

5year 196:3 6 6 3:7 21:13

37:18,19 56:7

57:9 60:21

75:18 77:18

79:22 98:21

99:4 102:20,22

206:6 210:17

250:3,13

355:18 372:6

375:11

60 100:8 270:9

330:17

600 58:7,12

171:4

61 203:12

640 20:7

65 177:13 217:3

267:19

66 231:4

66101 1:22

67 80:20 146:20

671 165:11

68 286:9

6th 280:6

7

7 11:16 21:13,18

49:12 74:1

84:20 94:21

95:9 138:18,18

156:9 206:6

209:1 212:9

213:4 214:8

216:11 226:11

263:14 267:8

270:17 274:20

274:21 319:1

355:22 357:3

70 71:11 105:10

259:21 335:15

700 177:11

700plus 281:22

70s 356:4 360:15

71 71:22

73 176:11

190:13 276:20

280:6

75 53:8 74:20

259:21

76 72:2

78 244:15

781 49:18 8 3:15 24:3

32:17 49:10

56:9 60:14

76:5 84:12

131:1 148:15

160:12 177:8

215:10 217:14

218:2 245:3

246:5 266:9

272:21 298:20

323:7 325:14

331:21 357:3

80 33:21 91:20

105:3 155:4

193:16 268:7

281:1

800 318:16

320:17 330:17

80s 236:17 338:2

81 290:12

830 267:4

84 338:7

85 88:2 113:5

273:2 352:16

850 250:4

852 242:8

860 191:17

87 31:189 9 1:11 21:18

74:7 77:1,18

80:3 114:11,13

114:16 138:19

153:1 163:16

176:11 181:12

184:2 189:22

217:22 221:4

373:10

90 31:19 57:9,11

193:8 194:8,12

252:13 284:13

321:14

900 130:20

217:1

92 53:12

93 70:22

95 85:3 342:7

96 270:16