# Patent

## Title
Roller and sheet feeding apparatus

## Abstract

The sheet conveying roller includes a shaft member and a sliding portion arranged in the circumferential direction of the shaft member. The sliding portion is adapted to make sliding contact with the shaft member. The sheet conveying roller also includes an elastic member configured to fasten the sliding portion to the shaft member and makes contact with a conveyed sheet at an outer circumference thereof. The elastic member generates a frictional resistance between the shaft member and the sliding portion by a clamping force of the elastic member.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a sheet conveying roller and a sheet feeding apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, image forming apparatuses such as printers, copier or facsimiles, or image reading apparatuses are provided with a sheet feeding apparatus to separate a plurality of recording papers or documents (hereinafter, simply referred to as a sheet) that is stacked in a sheet storage unit and feed out the separated sheets to an image forming section or an image reading unit on a one-by-one basis.
The sheet feeding apparatus includes a sheet separation unit for separating sheets one by one. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H07-301248 discusses a structure employing a separation roller as the sheet separation unit. The separation roller uses a separation pad and functions as a torque limiter. In such a sheet separation unit, a separation roller having a torque limiter connected on the same shaft or incorporated therein is brought into pressure-contact with a feed roller, separating sheets by the braking torque of the torque limiter.
For example, when only one sheet is nipped by the feed roller and the separation roller, a large rotation torque is applied to the torque limiter, allowing the separation roller to rotate following the rotation of the feed roller. Such rotation of the separation roller following the rotation of the feed roller will be referred to as accompanied rotation. On the other hand, when a plurality of sheets is placed between the feed roller and the separation roller, a relatively small rotation torque is applied to the torque limiter, suppressing accompanied rotation of the separation roller with the feed roller. In this way, by suppressing the accompanied rotation of the separation roller with the feed roller, the feed roller can convey only one sheet at a time while the separation roller prevents two or more sheets from being conveyed at the same time.
That is, when a plurality of sheets is nipped by the feed roller and the separation roller, the braking torque of the torque limiter decreases to a lower limit so as to suppress the accompanied rotation. On the other hand, when only one sheet is placed between the feed roller and the separation roller, the braking torque of the torque limiter increases to an upper limit so as to allow the accompanied rotation. By controlling the braking torque within the above-described range, the sheet separation function and the sheet feeding capability can be properly provided.
Such a structure is known to be capable of provide a stable sheet feeding operation while maintaining excellent durability and preventing the pad and sheet from making a fluttering sound compared with a structure having a sheet separation unit employing a separation pad. A typical torque limiter usable in such a sheet feeding apparatus is equipped with powder clutches or brakes and a coil spring.
As illustrated in FIG. 11, the conventional sheet feeding apparatus includes a separation roller 16a connected to a torque limiter 16b so as to be rotatably held on a separation roller support member 16c along with the torque limiter 16b. Referring to FIG. 11, the separation roller 16a is brought into pressure contact with a feed roller (not illustrated) by means of a spring 16d. 
Connection between the separation roller 16a and the torque limiter 16b is not limited to such a manner. As illustrated in FIG. 12A, the torque limiter 16b may be connected to the separation roller 16a so as to be substantially incorporated into the separation roller 16a. Incidentally, a structure as illustrated in FIG. 12B can be used as a means for retarding rotation that applies a driving force in a direction opposite to a sheet conveying direction to a separation roller. Referring to FIG. 12B, a torque limiter 17b is fixed to a driving shaft 17c of a separation roller 17a so that the separation roller 17a and the torque limiter 17b are connected to each other on the same shaft.
The above-described torque limiters 16b and 17b need to be configured as a separate structure. Since the torque limiters 16b and 17b are connected on the same shaft as the separation rollers 16a and 17a, or are incorporated into the separation rollers 16a and 17a, a combined structure is not symmetric in the longitudinal direction, increasing the overall size and production cost of a sheet feeding apparatus. As described above, the conventional sheet feeding apparatus employing the above-described torque limiter cannot be produced in a small size and at a low cost.
In addition, since a sheet conveying path for feeding out a sheet is not symmetric in the longitudinal direction, the leading end of the sheet is blocked midway in the sheet conveying path, or the sheet conveying operation is not properly performed due to the difference of conveying resistance on the left and right sides of the sheet conveying path. Therefore, it is necessary to devise means for guiding sheets such as a sheet guiding surface or wall.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H08-026513 describes a torque limiter in which a tubular friction member is fixed on the outer circumference of a rotary member, and a tubular member is fitted to the outer surface of the rotary member. A plurality of sliding members is fitted to the friction member through a window portion of the tubular member. The plurality of sliding members is brought into pressure contact with the outer circumferential surface of the friction member by a spring member. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H07-269589 describes a torque limiter in which a main body member is fitted to a member for outputting power through a friction member, and a twisted-coil spring is applied to the outside of the power outputting member to fasten the power outputting member. The power outputting member is provided with a cylindrical fitting portion having a coil spring installed on the outer circumference. In the fitting portion, a plurality of slit groove portions are formed which extends in the axial direction from a flange portion and is opened at one end thereof.
The structures discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. H08-026513 and H07-269589 are difficult to produce in a small size and at a low cost because the torque limiter is configured as a separate structure independent from that of a sheet conveying roller.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a roller that can be produced in a small size and at a low cost.
The present invention is also directed to a sheet feeding apparatus enabling a stable sheet feeding operation, which can be produced in a small size and at a low cost.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sheet conveying roller including: a shaft portion; a sliding portion arranged on a circumferential surface of the shaft member, the sliding portion being adapted to make sliding contact with the shaft portion; an elastic member configured to fasten the sliding portion to the shaft member and making contact with a conveyed sheet at an outer circumference thereof, wherein the elastic member generates a frictional resistance between the shaft portion and the sliding portion by a clamping force of the elastic member.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sheet feeding apparatus including: a sheet stacking portion on which sheets are stacked; a sheet conveying rotating member that conveys the sheets stacked on the sheet stacking portion; a shaft portion; a sliding portion arranged on the circumferential surface of the shaft portion, the sliding portion being adapted to make sliding contact with the shaft portion; a separation rotating member formed of an elastic member and configured to fasten the sliding portion to the shaft member, the separation rotating member separates a plurality of sheets nipped by the sheet conveying rotating member and the separation rotating member, wherein a frictional resistance is generated between the shaft portion and the sliding portion by the clamping force of the separation rotating member formed of the elastic member.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrophotographic printer as an example of an image forming apparatus including a sheet feeding apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of the sheet feeding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a multiple-sheet feeding apparatus as an example of the sheet feeding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating the structure of a separation roller provided to the sheet feeding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the separation roller provided to the sheet feeding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a calculation model used to derive a theoretical formula for calculation of the magnitude of a torque produced by a separation roller rubber of the separation roller.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating the structure of a separation roller provided to a sheet feeding apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a front view of the separation roller provided to the sheet feeding apparatus according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the structure of the sheet feeding apparatus according to a first modification.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the structure of the sheet feeding apparatus according to a second modification.
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a first example of a conventional separation roller having a torque limiter.
FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams of a second example of a conventional separation roller having a torque limiter.



DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrophotographic printer as an example of an image forming apparatus including a sheet feeding apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The size, material, shape, relative position, and other features of each component described in the embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention unless otherwise specified.
A printer main body (hereinafter, referred to as an apparatus main body) 1 and an image forming section 1A are illustrated in FIG. 1. The image forming section 1A includes a laser scanner 7, an image forming process unit 6 having a photosensitive drum 6a as an image bearing member, and a transfer roller 6b that transfers toner images formed on the photosensitive drum 6a onto a sheet S.
When the toner images formed by the image forming section 1A are transferred onto a sheet, the toner images transferred onto the sheet are fixed by a fixing device 8. Then, the sheet S having the toner images fixed thereon is sequentially discharged to and stacked on a discharge tray 11 provided on an uppermost portion of the apparatus main body.
A sheet feeding apparatus 3 is provided on a lower portion of the image forming section 1A. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the sheet feeding apparatus 3 includes a sheet-feeding cassette 2 as a sheet storage unit and a feed roller 3a that delivers sheets S stored in the sheet-feeding cassette 2. The sheet feeding apparatus 3 also includes a sheet separation portion 3b. The sheet separation portion 3b is provided with a separation roller 18 that makes pressure contact with the feed roller 3a as a sheet conveying roller, and is configured to separate the sheets S fed out from the feed roller 3a one by one.
The feed roller 3a also functions as a pickup roller which will be described later and corresponds to a sheet feeding unit illustrated in FIG. 9, and is rotatably provided to the sheet-feeding cassette 2. The feed roller 3a makes contact with an uppermost sheet S1 stacked on a sheet stacking plate 2a that stores the sheets S, and also makes contact with the separation roller 18 on the downstream side in the sheet conveying direction. The sheet stacking plate 2a is pressed upward by a pressure spring 2b from a back surface side (downside in FIG. 2) of the sheet stacking plate 2a so that a leading end of the uppermost sheet S1 stacked on the sheet stacking plate 2a is pressed against the feed roller 3a. 
In a printer equipped with the sheet feeding apparatus 3 having such a structure, as the feed roller 3a rotates counterclockwise as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 by being driven by a drive motor (not illustrated), the uppermost sheet S1 stacked on the sheet stacking plate 2a is delivered. After this, the uppermost sheet S1 is separated from other sheets by the sheet separation portion 3b and is conveyed to the downstream side.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a multiple-sheet feeding section 1 as an example of a sheet feeding apparatus is provided on a lateral portion of the image forming section 1A. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the multiple-sheet feeding section 12 includes a sheet stacking plate 15a and a feed roller 13 as a sheet feeding unit that delivers sheets S stacked on the sheet stacking plate 15a. The multiple-sheet feeding section 12 also includes a sheet separation portion 14. The sheet separation portion 14 is provided with a separation roller 14a that makes pressure contact with the feed roller 13, and is configured to separate the sheets S fed out from the feed roller 13.
In the multiple-sheet feeding section 12 having such a structure, as the feed roller 13 as a sheet conveying rotary member rotates clockwise as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 by being driven by a drive motor (not illustrated), the uppermost sheet S1 stacked on the sheet stacking plate 15a is delivered. After this, the uppermost sheet S1 is separated from other sheets by the sheet separation portion 14 and is conveyed to the downstream side.
The sheet S1 separated by the sheet separation portion 3b of the sheet feeding apparatus 3 or the sheet separation portion 14 of the multiple-sheet feeding section 12 is then conveyed to a transfer section including a photosensitive drum 6a and a transfer roller 6b through a pair of conveying rollers 4 and a pair of registration rollers 5. At this time, on a surface of the photosensitive drum 6a, toner images are formed by a laser beam output from a laser scanner 7 disposed above the photosensitive drum 6a. The toner images are then transferred onto the conveyed sheet S1 at the transfer section.
The sheet S1 having toner images transferred thereon is then conveyed on the downstream side. Then, the toner images are fused and fixed on the sheet S1 after being heated and pressurized by the fixing device 8. After that, thus processed sheets S are sequentially stacked on the discharge tray 11 through a sheet discharge unit such as the pair of conveying rollers 9 and the pair of discharge rollers 10.
Meanwhile, the sheet separation portion 3b of the sheet feeding apparatus 3 includes, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the separation roller 18 as the separation rotary member, a holding member 3e, a separation roller spring 3g as an urging member, and a guide member 3f. In the present embodiment, since the feed roller 3a also functions as a pickup roller, the separation roller 18 is positioned at a downstream side of a contact point between the feed roller 3a and the uppermost sheet S1.
In addition, the guide member 3f is fixed to the apparatus main body 1 and slidably holds the separation roller 18, the holding member 3e, and the separation roller spring 3g, which collectively form the sheet separation unit. The separation roller 18 is slidable in a vertical direction while being guided by a flat guide surface of the guide member 3f. 
In the present embodiment, since the separation roller 18 is rotatably held on an upper end portion of the holding member 3e and is urged upward by the separation roller spring 3g along with the holding member 3e, the separation roller 18 makes pressure contact with the feed roller 3a so as to be slidable in a vertical direction.
In other words, the separation roller 18 is adapted to make pressure contact with the feed roller so as to be slidable in the vertical direction by the guide member 3f rather than being adapted to be slidable in a direction in which the feed roller 3a is opposed to the separation roller 18, that is, in a direction in which the separation roller 18 faces the center of the feed roller 3a. For this reason, the separation roller 18 is in pressure contact with the feed roller 3a at a predetermined angle with respect to the direction in which the separation roller 18 faces the center of the feed roller 3a. Then, by constructing the separation roller 18 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction as described above, the sheet separating portion 3b can be constructed within an area substantially equal to the width (diameter) of the separation roller 18.
Meanwhile, the sheet separation section 14 of the multiple-sheet feeding section 12 includes, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the separation roller 14a, a holding member 14d, a separation roller spring 14c as an urging member, and a guide member 14e. In the present embodiment, since the feed roller 13 also functions as a pickup roller, the separation roller 14a is positioned at a downstream side of a contact point between the feed roller 13 and the uppermost sheet S1.
In addition, the guide member 14e is fixed to the apparatus main body 1 and slidably holds the separation roller 14a, the holding member 14d, and the separation roller spring 14c, which collectively form the sheet separation unit. The separation roller 14a is slidable in a vertical direction while being guided by a flat guide surface of the guide member 14e. 
In the present embodiment, since the separation roller 14a is rotatably held on an upper end portion of the holding member 14d and is urged upward by the separation roller spring 14c along with the holding member 14d, the separation roller 14a makes pressure contact with the feed roller 13 so as to be slidable in a vertical direction.
Referring to FIG. 3, the multiple-sheet feeding section 12 includes a multi-cover 15c that holds the sheet stacking plate 15a so as to be freely pivotable in a vertical direction, and a pressure spring 15b that urges the sheet stacking plate 15a from a back surface side (downside in FIG. 3) of the sheet stacking plate 15a. The sheet stacking plate 15a is pressed upward by the pressure spring 15b so that a leading end of the uppermost sheet S1 stacked on the sheet stacking plate 15a is pressed against the feed roller 13.
The driving force of a motor is not transmitted to the separation roller 18 of the sheet feeding apparatus 3, and the separation roller 18 is connected to a torque limiter 18A configured to suppress accompanied rotation of the separation roller 18 with the feed roller 13. In the present embodiment, a clamping torque limiter is used as the torque limiter 18A.
FIG. 4A is a perspective view of the separation roller 18 connected to the clamping torque limiter, and FIG. 4B is an exploded perspective view of the separation roller 18.
Referring to FIG. 4, the separation roller 18 includes a tubular roller main body 18a as an elastic member formed of rubber, and a columnar shaft member 18c made of metals of various kind or polymer materials. The separation roller 18 also includes a bearing-shaped sliding portion 18b that is divided into a plurality of pieces and adapted to surround the circumferential surface of the shaft member 18c. In the present embodiment, the sliding portion 18b is divided into four pieces. The roller main body 18a as the elastic member is fastened to the sliding portion 18b so as to cover the entire sliding portion 18b. In the present embodiment, the sheet conveying roller is formed by the roller main body 18a making contact with a conveyed sheet at an outer circumference thereof, the shaft member 18c, and the plurality of pieces of sliding portion 18b that is arranged in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 18c. 
Among the four pieces of the sliding portion 18b, a blade guard portion 18d is formed at one end of each of two pieces of the sliding portion 18b. In the present embodiment, the sliding portion 18b is divided into four pieces, but the number of divided pieces is determined considering the magnitude of required torque and the size, material, shape, relative position, and other features of each component.
In the present embodiment, the torque limiter 18A is configured by the sliding portion 18b and the roller main body 18a configured to fasten the sliding portion 18b to the shaft member 18c. In the torque limiter 18A having such a structure, the accompanied rotation of the separation roller 18 with the feed roller 13 is suppressed by a frictional resistance generated by the clamping force of the roller main body 18a between the shaft member 18c and the sliding portion 18b. 
In the torque limiter 18A, when the torque applied to the roller main body 18a is not greater than a predetermined torque, the sliding portion 18b and the roller main body 18a are not rotated relative to the shaft member 18c by the frictional resistance generated between the shaft member 18c and the sliding portion 18b. On the other hand, when the torque applied to the roller main body 18a is greater than the predetermined torque (rotation torque), the sliding portion 18b slides over the shaft member 18c so that the sliding portion 18b and the roller main body 18a are rotated relative to the shaft member 18c. 
When only one sheet is pinched by the feed roller 13 and the separation roller 18, a large rotation torque is applied to the separation roller 18. Therefore, the sliding portion 18b slides over the shaft member 18c, and the roller main body 18a and the sliding portion 18b of the separation roller 18 are rotated following the rotation of the feed roller 13.
On the other hand, when plural sheets
are pinched by the feed roller 13 and the separation roller 18, a relatively small rotation torque is applied to the separation roller 18. Therefore, the roller main body 18a, the sliding portion 18b, and the shaft member 18c are not moved at all by the frictional resistance generated between the shaft member 18c and the sliding portion 18b. That is, the accompanied rotation of the separation roller 18 with the feed roller 13 is suppressed. In this way, by suppressing the accompanied rotation of the separation roller 18 with the feed roller 13, the feed roller 13 can convey only one sheet at a time while the separation roller 18 prevents two or more sheets from being conveyed at the same time.
In the present embodiment, whether the frictional resistance generated between the shaft member 18c and the sliding portion 18b will cause the sliding portion 18b to slide on the shaft member 18c or not is determined in the following manner. That is, when a plurality of sheet is placed between the feed roller 13 and the separation roller 18, the sliding portion 18b is not allowed to slide on the shaft member 18c. On the other hand, when only one sheet is placed between the feed roller 13 and the separation roller 18, the sliding portion 18b is allowed to slide on the shaft member 18c. 
In the present invention, as depicted in FIG. 5, the radius R of the shaft member 18c, the thickness d of the sliding portion 18b, and a free radius r of the roller main body 18a as depicted in FIG. 4 are set to satisfy the relationship of “R+d>r”.
Therefore, when the sliding portion 18b is fastened to the roller main body 18a in a state that the circumferential surface of the shaft member 18c is surrounded by the sliding portion 18b separated into four pieces, the divided pieces of the sliding portion 18b are moved toward the shaft member 18c by the elastic force of the roller main body 18a. As a result, the shaft member 18c is clamped to the roller main body 18a through the sliding portion 18b. 
By employing the elastic force of the roller main body 18a as such a clamping member, the torque limiter 18A can provide a desired function as a torque limiter without needing to have a special structure as a torque limiter mechanism.
A theoretical formula for calculation of the magnitude of the torque generated by the roller main body 18a can be derived from a calculation model as illustrated in FIG. 6. The calculation model illustrated in FIG. 6 shows a vector representation of a tension per unit area generated by the roller main body 18a as observed from the section illustrated in FIG. 5.
The tension T generated by the roller main body 18a is applied to both ends of the n-divided sliding portion 18b in a direction tangential to the surface of the shaft member 18c. Assuming the tension of the roller main body 18a has a spring constant of k, the tension T can be expressed by the following formula (1).

T=2πk(R+d−r)  (1)

The total force Fn of the tension T acting on the surface of the shaft member 18c via the n-divided sliding portion 18b can be expressed by the following formula (2).




  
    
      
        
          
            F
            n
          
          =
          
            
              2
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              T
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                cos
                ⁡
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      π
                      2
                    
                    -
                    
                      π
                      n
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
            
            =
            
              2
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              T
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              sin
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                π
                n
              
            
          
        
        ⁢
        
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        2
        )
      
    
  




Assuming a component force of the total force Fn per unit area is f, the total force Fn can be expressed by the following formula (3).




  
    
      
        
          F
          n
        
        =
        
          f
          ×
          
            
              2
              ⁢
              π
            
            n
          
          ⁢
          R
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        3
        )
      
    
  




From the formulas (2) and (3), the following formula (4) can be derived.




  
    
      
        f
        =
        
          
            n
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            T
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              sin
              ⁡
              
                (
                
                  π
                  /
                  n
                
                )
              
            
          
          
            π
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            R
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        4
        )
      
    
  




When the curved outer surface of the shaft member 18c receiving forces as illustrated in FIG. 6 is trans-positioned onto a plane, a normal force of the component force f acting on a very small distance dx can be expressed by the following formula (5).

f cos θ  (5)

From the formulas (4) and (5), the total normal force acting on the surface of the shaft member 18c as required for the torque calculation can be derived by the following formula (6).




  
    
      
        
          
            
              
                F
                n
                Vtcl
              
              =
              
              ⁢
              
                f
                ×
                
                  
                    ∫
                    
                      
                        -
                        π
                      
                      ⁢
                      
                        
                      
                      ⁢
                      
                        R
                        /
                        n
                      
                    
                    
                      π
                      ⁢
                      
                        
                      
                      ⁢
                      
                        R
                        /
                        n
                      
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    cos
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    θ
                    ⁢
                    
                      d
                      x
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              =
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  
                    n
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    T
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      sin
                      ⁡
                      
                        (
                        
                          π
                          /
                          n
                        
                        )
                      
                    
                  
                  
                    π
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    R
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  
                    ∫
                    
                      
                        -
                        π
                      
                      /
                      n
                    
                    
                      π
                      /
                      n
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    cos
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    θ
                    ⁢
                    
                      d
                      θ
                    
                    ×
                    R
                  
                
              
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        6
        )
      
    
  




From the formulas (1) and (6), a torque Pn generated by the tension T when the bearing-shaped sliding portion 18b is divided into n pieces can be derived by the following formula (7).




  
    
      
        
          
            
              
                P
                n
              
              =
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  n
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  μ
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    RF
                    n
                    Vtcl
                  
                
                =
                
                  
                    
                      
                        n
                        2
                      
                      ⁢
                      μ
                      ⁢
                      
                        
                      
                      ⁢
                      RT
                      ⁢
                      
                        
                      
                      ⁢
                      
                        sin
                        ⁡
                        
                          (
                          
                            π
                            /
                            n
                          
                          )
                        
                      
                    
                    π
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                      ∫
                      
                        
                          -
                          π
                        
                        /
                        n
                      
                      
                        π
                        /
                        n
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    
                      cos
                      ⁢
                      
                        
                      
                      ⁢
                      θ
                      ⁢
                      
                        d
                        θ
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              =
              
              ⁢
              
                
                  n
                  2
                
                ⁢
                μ
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                R
                ×
                2
                ⁢
                
                  k
                  ⁡
                  
                    (
                    
                      R
                      +
                      d
                      -
                      r
                    
                    )
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  sin
                  ⁡
                  
                    (
                    
                      π
                      /
                      n
                    
                    )
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  
                    ∫
                    
                      
                        -
                        π
                      
                      /
                      n
                    
                    
                      π
                      /
                      n
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    cos
                    ⁢
                    
                      
                    
                    ⁢
                    θ
                    ⁢
                    
                      d
                      θ
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              =
              
              ⁢
              
                4
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                μ
                ⁢
                
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  kR
                  ⁡
                  
                    (
                    
                      R
                      +
                      d
                      -
                      r
                    
                    )
                  
                
                ⁢
                
                  n
                  2
                
                ⁢
                
                  sin
                  2
                
                ⁢
                
                  π
                  n
                
              
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        7
        )
      
    
  




As described above, the torque limiter 18A according to the present embodiment employs the elastic force of the roller main body 18a having the circumferential surface in contact with a sheet as a clamping member. Therefore, the torque limiter 18A can provide a desired function as a torque limiter without needing to have a special structure only for a torque limiter mechanism. As a result, the separation roller 18 can be configured to have a minimal structure having a desired function without needing to have a special shape different from that of a typical separation roller.
Since the separation roller does not need to have a special shape different from that of a typical separation roller, a sheet conveying path that is symmetric in a longitudinal direction can be provided. As a result, sheet conveying operation can be performed in a stable manner while preventing the leading end of the sheet from being blocked midway in the sheet conveying path. As is obvious from the formula (7) that represents the magnitude of generated torque, the magnitude of generated torque is freely controllable by varying the number of divided pieces of the sliding portion 18b, the material and surface properties of the shaft member 18c and the sliding portion 18b, and the clamping force.
In other words, the magnitude of the frictional resistance generated between the shaft member 18c and the sliding portion 18b by the clamping force of the roller main body 18a is freely controllable by varying the number of divided pieces of the sliding portion 18b, the material and surface properties of the shaft member 18c and the sliding portion 18b, and the clamping force.
In the present embodiment, the roller main body 18a fastened to the sliding portion 18b in order to generate a braking torque is formed of rubber. However, the roller main body 18a may be formed of other members having elasticity such as elastomer or metal.
A second embodiment of the present invention will now be described.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating the structure of a separation roller provided to a sheet feeding apparatus according to the second embodiment, in which FIG. 7A is a perspective view of the separation roller, and FIG. 7B is an exploded perspective view thereof. FIG. 8 is a front view of the separation roller.
Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the separation roller 19 includes a torque limiter 19A that suppresses the accompanied rotation of the separation roller 19 with the feed roller 3a. The torque limiter 19A is configured by a bearing-shaped sliding portion 19c that is divided into a plurality of pieces and adapted to surround the circumferential surface of a shaft member 19d of the separation roller 19 and a grip ring 19b as an elastic member that is fastened to one end of the sliding part 19. The separation roller 19 also includes a tubular roller main body 19a as an elastic member formed of elastomer or metal and adapted to make close contact with the sliding portion 19c. 
In the torque limiter 19A having such a structure, the grip ring 19b is fastened to the one end of the sliding portion 19c so that the shaft member 19d is clamped to the grip ring 19b through the sliding portion 19c, thereby generating a braking torque. At this time, the sliding portion 19c is also clamped to the shaft member 19d by the elastic force of the roller main body 19a. 
With such a structure, the torque limiter 19A can generate a frictional resistance between the shaft member 19d and the sliding portion 19c by the clamping force of the grip ring 19b and the roller main body 19a. As a result, the accompanied rotation of the separation roller 19 with the feed roller 3a is suppressed.
As described above, the torque limiter 19A according to the present embodiment employs the elastic force of the grip ring 19b as well as the elastic force of the roller main body 19a as a clamping member. Therefore, the torque limiter 19A can provide a desired function as a torque limiter without needing to have a special structure as a torque limiter mechanism. As a result, the separation roller 19 can be configured to have a minimal structure having a desired function without needing to have a special shape different from that of a typical separation roller.
In the present invention, the sheet feeding apparatus is described to have the feed roller 3a also functioning as a pickup roller. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the sheet feeding apparatus may be provided with a separate pickup roller 3h in addition to the feed roller 3a. 
In such a sheet feeding apparatus having the separate pickup roller 3h, the pickup roller 3h delivers the sheets S stacked on the sheet stacking plate 2a and are then feed out while being separated one by one by the feed roller 3a and the separation roller 18.
In the present invention, when bringing the separation roller 18 into pressure contact with the feed roller 3a, the separation roller 18 is urged by the separation roller spring 3g along with the holding member 3e. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10A, the sheet feeding apparatus may be constructed such that the separation roller 18 is provided at a pivoting end of an arm 3j that can freely pivot about a spindle 3i, and the arm 3j is urged by the separation roller spring 3g so as to move the separation roller 18 in a vertical direction. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 10B, the sheet feeding apparatus may be constructed such that the sheets S stacked on the sheet stacking plate 2a are delivered by the pickup roller 3h, the separation roller 18 is provided at a pivoting end of an arm 3j that can freely pivot about a spindle 3i, and the arm 3j is urged by the separation roller spring 3g so as to move the separation roller 18 in a vertical direction.
In the present invention, the shaft member 18c of the separation roller 18 is described to be unable to rotate. However, the shaft member 18c of the separation roller 18 may be adapted to be rotatable in a direction opposite to the direction for feeding sheets.
In the present invention, the sheet feeding apparatus is described to be provided to an image forming apparatus. However, the present invention may be applied to an automatic document feeding apparatus that is provided to an image reading apparatus so as to convey documents to an image reading section.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-327527, filed Dec. 4, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

## Claims

1. A sheet conveying roller, comprising:
a shaft member;
a plurality of sliding parts provided in a circumferential direction of said shaft member so as to surround a circumferential surface of said shaft member, said plurality of sliding parts being adapted to make sliding contact with said shaft member;
a hollow-shaped elastic member whose inside surface contacts said plurality of sliding parts and outside surface contacts a conveyed sheet, said hollow-shaped elastic member fastens said plurality of sliding parts to said shaft member by elastic force of said hollow-shaped elastic member,
wherein a frictional resistance is generated between said shaft member and said plurality of sliding parts by the elastic force of said hollow-shaped elastic member.

2. A sheet conveying roller according to claim 1,
further comprising a ring adapted to clamp said plurality of sliding parts, wherein said ring complementarily generates an additional frictional resistance into the frictional resistance between the shaft member and said plurality of sliding parts.

3. A sheet conveying roller according to claim 1,
wherein when a torque acting on the outer circumference of said hollow-shaped elastic member is greater than a predetermined torque, said plurality of sliding parts slides on said shaft member so that said plurality of sliding parts and said hollow-shaped elastic member are rotated relative to said shaft member.

4. A sheet feeding apparatus, comprising:
a sheet stacking portion on which sheets are stacked;
a sheet conveying rotary member that conveys the sheets stacked on the sheet stacking portion;
a shaft member;
a plurality of sliding parts provided in a circumferential direction of said shaft member so as to surround a circumferential surface of said shaft member, said plurality of sliding parts being adapted to make sliding contact with said shaft member;
a separation rotary member formed of a hollow-shaped elastic member whose outside surface contacts a conveyed sheet so as to separate plural sheets in cooperation with said sheet conveying rotary member and whose inside surface contacts said plurality of sliding parts, said separation rotary member fastens said plurality of sliding parts to said shaft member by elastic force of said separation rotary member,
wherein a frictional resistance is generated between said shaft member and said plurality of sliding parts by the elastic force of said separation rotary member formed of said hollow-shaped elastic member.

5. A sheet feeding apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein when a plurality of sheets are nipped by said sheet conveying rotary member and said separation rotary member, said separation rotary member is not rotated relative to said shaft member by the frictional force between said shaft member and said plurality of sliding parts, and
wherein when only one sheet is nipped by said sheet conveying rotary member and said separation rotary member, said plurality of sliding parts is slid over said shaft member by the rotation of said sheet conveying rotary member so that said separation rotary member is rotated relative to said shaft member.