# SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ®

6220 CULEBRA ROAD i POST OFFICE DRAWER 28510 i SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, USA 78228-0510 i (210) 684-5111 i WWW.SWRI.ORG ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION HTTP://ENGINEANDVEHICLE .SWRI.ORG FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 9001 Certified ISO 14001 Certified

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC i ANN ARBOR, MI 

## February 15, 2009

Brian H. West Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory NTRC Building 2360 Cherahala Boulevard Knoxville, TN 37932

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 4 for th e Period January 1, through January 31, 2009; for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge Na tional Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456, SwRI Project 03.14530.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting ca talyst and oxygen sensor temperat ures. This project will also generate valuable data on vehi cle emissions and performance.

Vehicles selected for this st udy will include a wide range of manufacturers across several model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehi cles that have been identified as having leaner and hotter opera tion on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknow n open-loop fuel control at WOT may also be selected.

In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, a nd E20) and compare emissions and vehicle performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service accumulation and emissions testing are to be perf ormed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged a nd emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three adde d service accumulation levels: 0 miles, 25,000 miles, and at the end of the vehicle’s full-useful life (or 50,000 miles, whichever is greater).

2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PERI OD JANUARY 1-31, 2009

2.1 Honda Accords

The Honda Accord test vehicles underwent wide-open-throttle (WOT) performance and FTP emissions testing with project fuels. Prel iminary WOT test results have begun preparation for posting to the project ftp site.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory February 15, 2009 Page 2 of 7



## Federal Test Procedure emissions data for the Accords run on the E0, E10, E15, and E20 emissions test fuels are provided Table 1. So me of the Honda Accord FTP emissions tests conducted on the E0 fuel and reported in the pr evious progress report were rerun, and the new test results are provided below (Table 1). Calculated non-methane organic gas (NMOG) values and the alcohols and aldehydes emissions data are still being processed.

TABLE 1. HONDA ACCO RD EMISSIONS TESTS

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi Test Ref. Year Make Model Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NO X 

### Fuel Economy,

mi/gal
1 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.031 0.192 0.014 26.2
2 2007 Honda Accord ORHA0 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T9 E0 0.037 0.257 0.019 26.0
3 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.030 0.289 0.016 25.7 4 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T9 E0 0.030 0.272 0.018 26.3 5 OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T6 0.021 0.172 0.017 26.0
6 2007 Honda Accord ORHA10

OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T7 E10 0.022 0.061 0.016 25.7
7 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.025 0.172 0.014 26.7 8 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.025 0.183 0.012 26.8 9 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T2 0.019 0.130 0.015 26.2 10 2007 Honda Accord ORHA15

OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 E15 0.016 0.109 0.014 26.2
11 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T3 0.027 0.199 0.019 27.2 12 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T4 E0 0.024 0.173 0.014 27.1 13 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T5 0.023 0.140 0.023 26.3
14 2007 Honda Accord ORHA20

OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T6 E20 0.021 0.137 0.016 25.7



## Honda Accord ORHA0 Standard Road Cycl e (SRC) Set-up: Honda Accord ORHA0 was set-up for service accumulati on on one of the SwRI mileag e accumulation dynamometers. Engine parameters and exhaust system temper atures were measured while operating over the standard road cycle (SRC). SRC set-up data for vehicle ORHA0 are pr ovided in Appendix A. Data collected includes SRC exhaus t system temperatures versus test time and engine parameters during two heavy accelerations. It was observed that that the air-fuel ratio (AFR) goes “open loop” (fuel rich) during these two heavy accelerations . As desired, the road load force (in units of lb f 

## ) of the mileage accumulation dynamometer is reaching the road load set point. Figure 1 shows Honda Accord on the MAD.

Honda Accord Long-Term Fuel Trim 1 

## Data: Long-term fuel trim data was recorded with fuel E0 from Honda Accord ORHA0 with the engine idling both in Pa rk and in Drive.

1 

### Fuel trims refers to dynamic adjustments that are made to the base fueling table to maintain a stoichiometric engine airfuel ratio. Short-term fuel trim refers to adjustments being made in response to quickly changing engine operating conditions. Long-term fuel trim is used to adjust for engine operating conditions that are present over much longer periods of time. Fuel trims are expressed as a percentage of base injector fuel flow; positive values indicate lean fuel-to-air conditions (fuel trim to add fuel) and negative values indicate rich fuel-to-air conditions (fuel trim to subtract fuel).

Fuel trim is generally calculated using engine and vehicle sensor data, including data from exhaust gas oxygen sensors, intake air temperature and pressure sensors, the engine c oolant temperature sensor, the engine knock sensor, and vehicle operating conditions like engine load, throttle position, rate-of-c hange in throttle position, and even battery voltage. Longterm fuel trim generally does not exceed plus or minus 10 to 12 percent, but values can very significantly between calibrations and vehicle manufacturers.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory February 15, 2009 Page 3 of 7



## Additional fuel trim data was recorded with E 20 fuel on vehicles ORHA0 and ORHA20 (vehicle ORHA0 still had fuel E20 in the tank following the completion of the E 20 wide-open throttle performance test). Long-term fuel trim data was also recorded on Vehicle ORHA0 during the set-up of the EPA Standard Road Cycle (SRC). Data was taken during the 45 second idle (in drive) of the SRC. All fuel trim data available to date are given in Appendix B. Long-term fuel trim data from vehicles ORHA 10 and ORHA15 will be taken and reported during the next reporting period.

FIGURE 1. HONDA ACCORD ORHA0 ON THE MILEAGE ACCUMULATION DYNAMOMETER

Honda Accord long-term fuel trim data ha s been recorded during several FTP emissions tests. These data are being processed for posting to the project ftp web site.

2.2 Chevrolet Silverados

As-received long-term fuel trims for each of th e four Chevrolet Silverados were recorded with a code scanner at the end of the previous repor ting period. Silverado long-term fuel trim readings were recorded under the following conditions: engine idle in drive, engine idle in park, wide-open throttle torque convert er stall, engine idle in driv e (again), and engine-off/key-on. The Silverado as-received long-term fuel trim results are given in Appendix B.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory February 15, 2009 Page 4 of 7



## Emissions dynamometer road load coefficients were derived for each of the four Chevrolet Silverados. A single set of dynamometer road load set coefficients (a, b, and c) were determined and will be used for all FTP emissi ons tests on the four Silverado vehicles.

Federal Test Procedure emissions check-out tests were performe d with project E0 emissions test fuel. The emissions tests showed the Silverados were operating properly and they have been accepted for use in the program. A summary of the Silverado FTP check-out emissions tests is given in Table 2.

TABLE 2. CHEVROLET SILVERADO CHECK-OUT EMISSIONS TESTS

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi Test Ref. Year Make Model Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NO X 

### Fuel Economy,

mi/gal
1 ORCS0 OR-CS00-1-C-E0-0k-T1 0.066 0.589 0.023 15.8
2 ORCS10 OR-CS10-1-C-E0-0k-T1 0.068 0.827 0.028 15.8
3 ORCS15 OR-CS15-1-C-E0-0k-T1 0.070 0.817 0.027 16.1
4 2006 Chevrolet Silverado

ORCS20 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-0k-T1 E0

0.066 0.918 0.024 16.0



## The Silverado test vehicles then underwen t exhaust system modifications that included thermocouple installations and inst allation of laboratory air-fuel ra tio sensors. The Silverados began WOT vehicle testing on E0 and E20 fuels during the current repor ting period. Wide-openthrottle test data reducti on has begun, and results will be posted to the project ftp web site when complete.

2.3 E0 Base Fuel Procurement Precautions

SwRI is working with a local fuel trans port company to procure regular unleaded fuel batches for vehicle mileage accumulation. Top Tier E0 fuel is being purchased from a single terminal in Victoria, Texas. This terminal is anticipated to have E0 fu el available for longest period of time. During the October 29, 2008, Proj ect Kick-Off Meeting, several fuel company representatives warned that E0 gasoline might not be available in the San Antonio area for the duration of the program.

To ensure that project E0 mileage accumula tion fuel contains no ethanol, tanker trucks are loaded and held at the transport company’s faci lity. A fuel sample is then taken and analyzed by SwRI to determine its ethanol content. Following SwRI approv al of the fuel analysis, the tanker of fuel is delivered to SwRI. At SwRI, a 19,000-gallon hopper bottom tank (Tank 126) has been designated for the purpose of receiving and storing project E0 mileage accumulation fuel (RE0).

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory February 15, 2009 Page 5 of 7



## 2.4 Fuel Blending

Fuel blending of emissions test fuels E0, E10, E15, and E20 for the Honda Accords is complete. The results of the analytical evaluati ons of the Honda emissions test fuel blends are given in Appendix C.

A separate set of emissions test fuels is in preparation for use with the Chevrolet Silverados. SwRI has received the E0 base gasoline for the emissions fuels for the Silverados. It is anticipated that there will be a sufficient quantity of emissions test fuels in these batches to test the Silverados and the next group of four vehicles.

Four tanker truckloads of Top Tier comm ercial regular unleaded fuel have been purchased for vehicle mileage accumulation. The resu lts of the analyses of these fuel deliveries are given in Appendix C (pages C-2 and C-3). Th ese base fuels were used to prepare mileage accumulation fuels RE0, RE10, RE15 and RE20. Serv ice accumulation fuel RE0 did not require blending with ethanol. Four 4,000- gallon bulk storage tanks were us ed to stage or prepare fuels RE0, RE10, RE15 and RE20. The ethanol fuel blen ds prepared were analyzed for ethanol percent by volume. The ethanol volume percenta ges for the first group of service accumulation fuels RE0, RE10, RE15 and RE20 are provided in Appendix C. This first set of mileage accumulation fuels meets the requirements for use in the program.

Portions of the service accumulation RE 0, RE10, RE15 and RE20 fu el batches were transferred to separate 500-gallon mileage accu mulation dynamometer (MAD) auxiliary tanks. Mileage accumulation dynamometer auxili ary fuel tanks are shown in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2. AUXILIARY MILEAG E ACCUMULATION DYNAMOMETER 500- GALLON FUEL TANKS

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory February 15, 2009 Page 6 of 7



## 2.5 Vehicle Procurement

Oak Ridge specified two new ve hicle models for this project. These vehicle models are the 2008 Ford Taurus with the 3.5L V6 engine and the 2008 Nissan Altim a with the 2.5L four cylinder engine. Four of each of these vehicle models have been requested for procurement in this project. SwRI has identified and purchas ed these vehicles during the current reporting period. SwRI anticipates deliver y of these vehicles the week of February 2, 2009. Oak Ridge vehicle specification requirements and the description of the ve hicles purchased by SwRI are provided in Appendix D.

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

The Honda Accords will complete zero-mile emissions testing and will begin service accumulation on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers. Honda Accord WOT data processing will continue and data posting to the pr oject ftp web site will be done when complete.

Chevrolet Silverado WOT data processing will continue. Blending of the ethanolcontaining test fuels E10, E15, a nd E20 for emissions te sting with the Chevro let Silverados will continue into February. Silverado FTP emissions testing with project fuels E0, E10, E15, and E20 will begin.

The Ford Taurus and Nissan Altima project ve hicles recently purchased will be received by SwRI and then immediately undergo preparation fo r testing. The first of these vehicle models selected for emissions testing is anticipated to be run on the same emission test fuel batches as the Silverados.

Federal Test Procedure (FTP) fuel economy test results reported in this progress report are processed according to CFR 600.113-88 protocol. SwRI and ORNL will study this protocol and alternative fuel economy calculations for applicability to ethanol blend fuel economy calculations.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory February 15, 2009 Page 7 of 7



## 4.0 CONCLUSION

If you have any questions regarding this proj ect report, please contact Marty Heimrich at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org

. Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White Manager Director Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research and Development and Development

/sat

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI Kevin Brunner, SwRI

This report shall not be reproduced, ex cept in full, without the written approv al of Southwest Research Institute ®



### . Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report.

# APPENDIX A

STANDARD ROAD CYCLE SET UP DATA HONDA ACCORD ORHA0

## A-1 Vehicle ORHA0 Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Test Time (Seconds)Vehicle Speed (MPH)

450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950Temperature (C)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point (MPH) Exhaust @ Upstream O2

Exhaust Converter Inlet Converter Substrate Inlet 1

Vehicle ORHA0 Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Test Time (Seconds)Vehicle Speed (MPH)

450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950Temperature (C)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point Converter Substrate 2

Exhaust @ Downstream O2 Exhaust Converter Out

## A-2 Vehicle ORHA0 Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Test Time (Seconds)Vehicle Speed (MPH)

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30Fuel Trim (%) / AFR

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point TPS Long Term Fuel Trim Lambda Sensor AFR The maximum value of TPS at WOT is 92.52.

Vehicle ORHA0 Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900 Test Time (Seconds)Vehicle Speed (MPH) / Temp [C/10]

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30Fuel Trim (%) / AFR

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point TPS Substrate Temp (C/10) Long Term Fuel Trim Lambda Sensor AFR The maximum value of TPS at WOT is 92.52.

## A-3 Vehicle ORHA0 Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

1200 1205 1210 1215 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245 1250 Test Time (Seconds)Vehicle Speed (MPH) / Temp [C/10]

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30Fuel Trim (%) / AFR

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point TPS Substrate Temp (C/10) Exhaust Temp Downstream O2 [C/10] Long Term Fuel Trim Lambda Sensor AFR The maximum value of TPS at WOT is 92.52.

Vehicle ORHA0 Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 Test Time (Seconds)Vehicle Speed (MPH)

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500Road Load Force (Lbf.)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point Vehicle TPS Road Load Force (Lbf.) RLF setpoint w/o grade

## A-4 Vehicle ORHA0 Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

1200 1205 1210 1215 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245 1250 Test Time (Seconds)Vehicle Speed (MPH)

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500Road Load Force (Lbf.)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point Vehicle TPS grade Road Load Force (Lbf.) RLF setpoint w/o grade

# APPENDIX B

LONG-TERM FUEL TRIM MEASUREMENTS

## B-1Long Term Fuel TrimChevrolet SilveradoLong Term Fuel TrimDate Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 27606 0 0 0 0 -3 -3 -3 -3 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 2Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right BankEngine Off/Key OnLeft Bank Right BankIdle in DriveORCS0Idle in Park Torque Conv Stall Idle in DriveDate Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 14319 1 1 -2 -2 0 0 -4 -4 1 1 2 2 0 1 -3 -1 1 1 -1 -1Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right BankLeft Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right BankEngine Off/Key OnTorque Conv Stall Idle in DriveORCS10Idle in Drive Idle in ParkDate Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 17121 2 2 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 3 3 4 4 0 0 -2 -2 4 4 3 3Left Bank Right BankLeft Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right BankLeft Bank Right BankEngine Off/Key OnIdle in Drive Idle in Park Torque Conv Stall Idle in DriveORCS15Date Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 17103 -3 -3 -1 -1 -7 -6 -6 -6 2 2 0 0 -4 -4 -3 -3 -1 -1 -1 -1Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right BankLeft Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right BankIdle in Drive Engine Off/Key OnIdle in Park Torque Conv StallIdle in DriveORCS20

## B-2Honda AccordLong Term Fuel TrimDate Odometer Test FuelEng Off /Key OnMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.After Zero Mile Emisions (E20 WOT) 1/20/2009 32026 0 E20 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.4 5.4Approx. 2,222 miles SRC w/E0 2/5/2009 34248 2222 E0 0.7 0.8Idle in DriveORHA0Idle in Park Idle in DriveDate Odometer Test FuelEng Off /Key OnMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.After Zero Mile Emisions (E10 FTP-75) 2/6/2009 34842 0 E20 2.3 2.3 3.1 3.9 2.3 2.3 3.1ORHA20Idle in Drive Idle in Park Idle in Drive

# APPENDIX C

TEST FUEL ANALYSIS Honda Accord Emissions Test Fuels Oak Ridge Mileage Ac cumulation Fuels

## C-1 E0 E10 E15 E20
GA/GB Code 

### GA-6889 GB-6968 GB-6966 GB-6962 ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20
Blend Tank 193

PPRD 75840 PPRD 76505 PPRD 76995 PPRD 76831 SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI TEST METHOD UNITS FED Specs MIN MAX Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 75 95 88 5% °F 113 10% °F 120 135 127 20% °F 149 30% °F 175 40% °F 203 50% °F 200 230 222 60% °F 233 70% °F 244 80% °F 265 90% °F 305 325 319 95% °F 337 Distillation - EP °F 415 396 Recovery vol % 97.8 Residue vol % 0.8 Loss vol % 1.4 Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 58.7 61.2 58.7 57.6 56.7 56.25 Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7437 0.7484 0.7520 0.7537 Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 748.0 751.7 753.4 Reid Vapor Pressure ASTM D5191 psi 8.7 9.2 8.87 Oxygen ASTM D4815 wt % <0.1 Carbon ASTM D5291 wt % 86.31 82.99 81.45 78.61 Hydrogen ASTM D5291 wt % 12.98 13.22 13.09 13.09 Sulfur ASTM D5453 wt% 0.0015 0.0080 5.9 ppm Sulfur (RE-RUN) 5.6 ppm Lead ASTM D3237 g/gal 0.05 <0.001 Composition, aromatics ASTM D1319 vol % 35.0 29.7 Composition, olefins ASTM D1319 vol % 10.0 0.5 Composition, saturates ASTM D1319 vol % 69.8 Oxidation Stability ASTM D525 minutes No Break Research Octane Number ASTM D2699 93.0 97.1 Motor Octane Number ASTM D2700 88.5 Sensitivity 7.5 8.6 Net Heating Value, btu/lb ASTM D240 btu/lb 18611 17853 17475 16970 DIPE ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 EtOH Vol% <0.1 10.04% 14.83% 20.82% iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Total Oxygen Weight WT% 0 3.70% 5.46% 7.62% SwRI Fuel Code 

### Oak Ridge Honda Accord Emissions Fuels

Test Fuel Code

Vehicle Fuel Codes Sample Source

Analysis Location

## C-2 RE0 * RE0** RE10 RE15 RE20
GA/GB Code 

### GA-6947 GA-6947 GB-6971 GB-6972 GB-6973 ORHA0 ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20 Tanker 1 Tanker 2 Tank 140 Tank 143 Tank 146 PPRD 76271 PPRD 76501 PPRD 77355 PPRD 77378 PPRD 77 SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI TEST METHOD UNITS

Existent Gums, mg/ 100 mL ASTM D381 mg/100ml

Unwashed WT First Run mg/100ml 17.0 18.5 Washed WT First Run mg/100ml <0.5 0.5 Unwashed WT Second Run mg/100ml 17.5 18.5 Washed WT Second Run mg/100ml 0.5 <0.5 Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 83 81 5% °F 98 101 10% °F 109 112 20% °F 130 137 30% °F 154 163 40% °F 183 189 50% °F 213 212 60% °F 242 233 70% °F 271 257 80% °F 303 285 90% °F 339 324 95% °F 361 350 Distillation - EP °F 404 395 Recovery vol % 97 98 Residue vol % 1 0.9 Loss vol % 2 1.1 DIPE ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 EtOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 9.75% 15.23% 20.83% iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Total Oxygen Weight WT% <0.1 <0.1 3.62% 5.63% 7.69% Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 60.3 59.2 58.5 58.20 Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7377 0.7420 0.7448 0.7461 Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 737.4 741.7 744.5 745.8 Sulfur ASTM D5453 ppm 39.7

* First tanker truck ** Second tanker truck SwRI Fuel Code Analysis Location Vehicle Fuel Codes Sample Source 

### Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels

Test Fuel Code

## C-3 

## RE0 * RE0**
GA/GB Code 

## ORHA0 ORHA0 Tanker 3 Tanker 4 PPRD 76752 PPRD 77305 SwRI SwRI TEST METHOD UNITS

Existent Gums, mg/ 100 mL ASTM D381 

### mg/100ml

Unwashed WT First Run 

### mg/100ml 16.0 17.0 Washed WT First Run 

### mg/100ml 0.5 <0.5 Unwashed WT Second Run 

### mg/100ml 16.0 17.5 Washed WT Second Run 

### mg/100ml 0.5 <0.5 

### Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 79 81 

### 5% °F 93 92 

### 10% °F 105 103 

### 20% °F 126 124 

### 30% °F 154 149 

### 40% °F 181 178 

### 50% °F 210 209 

### 60% °F 238 236 

### 70% °F 267 261 

### 80% °F 304 290 

### 90% °F 341 325 

### 95% °F 365 351 

### Distillation - EP °F 414 399 

### Recovery vol % 97.5 96.5 

### Residue vol % 0.8 1.1 

### Loss vol % 1.7 2.4 DIPE 

### ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1 ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 EtOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1 tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 Total Oxygen Weight WT% <0.1 <0.1 

### Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 60.8 61.4 

### Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7357 0.7334 

### Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 735.4 733.1 

### Sulfur ASTM D5453 ppm 51.1 48.4

* Third tanker truck ** Fourth tanker truck 

## Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels

Test Fuel Code

Vehicle Fuel Codes Sample Source SwRI Fuel Code Analysis Location

# APPENDIX D

FORD TAURUS AND NISSAN ALTI MA VEHICLE SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

## D-1ITEM REQUIREMENT Purchased Purchased Purchased PurchasedVIN 1FAHP24W48G1563341FAHP24W58G175717 1FAHP24W58G174230 1FAHP24W28G175013 1FAHP24W38G177188VEHICLE MAKEFord Ford Ford Ford FordVEHICLE MODELTaurus SEL Taurus SEL Taurus SEL Taurus SEL Taurus SELVEHICLE YEAR2008 2008 2008 2008 2008ODOMETER READINGTo be within 10K 17098 15662 17230 13081ENGINE FAMILY8FMXV03.5VEP 8FMXV03.5VEP 8FMXV03.5VEP 8FMXV03.5VEP 8FMXV03.5VEPEVAPORATIVE EMISSIONSFAMILY8FMXR0145KBK 8FMXR0145KBK 8FMXR0145KBK 8FMXR0145KBK 8FMXR0145KBKENGINE DISPLACEMENT3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPIEMISSION TYPE49 State 49 State 49 State 49 State 49 StateAXLE GEAR RATIO2.77 2.77 2.77 2.77 2.77OPEN CARRIERYes Yes Yes Yes YesTRACTION CONTROLTraction Control Traction Control Traction Control Traction Control Traction ControlFLEXIBLE FUELNo No No No NoOEM WHEELP215/60R17 P215/60R17 P215/60R17 P215/60R17 P215/60R17TRANSMISSION6 Speed - A/T 6 Speed - A/T 6 Speed - A/T 6 Speed - A/T 6 Speed - A/TFour wheel driveN/A N/A N/A N/A N/AFord Taurus Vehicles

## D-2ITEM REQUIREMENT Purchased Purchased Purchased PurchasedVIN 1N4AL21E38N4495961N4AL21E08C231286 1N4AL21E08C2182631N4AL21E08C198208 1N4AL21E28C198677VEHICLE MAKENissan Nissan Nissan Nissan NissanVEHICLE MODELAltima Altima Altima Altima AltimaVEHICLE YEAR2008 2008 2008 2008 2008ODOMETER READINGTo be within 10K 9935 10295 19517 19263ENGINE FAMILY8NSXV02.5G5A 8NSXV02.5G5A 8NSXV02.5G5A 8NSXV02.5G5A 8NSXV02.5G5AEVAPORATIVE EMISSIONSFAMILY8NSXR0120PBA 8NSXR0120PBA 8NSXR0120PBA 8NSXR0120PBA 8NSXR0120PBAENGINE DISPLACEMENT2.5L I4 2.5L I4 2.5L I4 2.5L I4 2.5L I4EMISSION TYPE49 State 49 State 49 State 49 State 49 StateREAR AXLE GEAR RATION/A N/A N/A N/A N/AOPEN CARRIERNo Traction control No Traction control No Traction control No Traction control No Traction controlFLEXIBLE FUELNo No No No NoOEM WHEELP215/60R16 P215/60R16 P215/60R16 P215/60R16 P215/60R16TRANSMISSIONCVT CVT CVT CVT CVTFour wheel driveNo No No No NoNissan Altima Vehicles