ENERGY STAR® and Other

Climate Protection Partnerships

2010 Annual Report
CONTENTS

Letter from the Administrator ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

Highlights of 2010......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

ENERGY STAR Overview...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

ENERGY STAR Qualified Products.................................................................................................................................................................... 13

ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector......................................................................................................................................................... 19

ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector ....................................................................................................................................................... 23

ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector............................................................................................................................................................ 27

Climate Leaders................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30

Clean Energy Supply Programs........................................................................................................................................................................ 32

Green Power Partnership......................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Combined Heat and Power Partnership ................................................................................................................................................ 34

State and Local Programs and Initiatives....................................................................................................................................................... 36

State Climate and Energy Program......................................................................................................................................................... 37

Local Climate and Energy Program ........................................................................................................................................................ 37

Clean Energy and Utility Policy Programs............................................................................................................................................. 38

Methane Programs............................................................................................................................................................................................. 39

Natural Gas STAR Program...................................................................................................................................................................... 40

AgSTAR Program....................................................................................................................................................................................... 42

Coalbed Methane Outreach Program.................................................................................................................................................... 43

Landfill Methane Outreach Program...................................................................................................................................................... 44

Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs.......................................................................................................................................................... 47

Demonstrating Progress.................................................................................................................................................................................... 53

List of Figures....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 60

References........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61

ENERGY STAR® AND OTHER CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS

2010 ANNUAL REPORT

NOTE: The data source for all figures and tables in this 2010 Annual Report is EPA’s Climate Protection Partnership Programs unless otherwise noted. Historical totals have been updated based on the 

most recent available data. 

For information, please visit our programs at www.epa.gov/cppd, www.energystar.gov, www.epa.gov/greenpower, www.epa.gov/chp, www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal/index.htm, 

www.epa.gov/methane, and www.epa.gov/highgwp.
1

letter from the administrator

Sincerely, 

Lisa P. Jackson

Administrator

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

December 2011

Global challenges like climate change demand strong partnerships and innovative solutions. For more than 

18 years, EPA has partnered with organizations across America to help deliver those innovative, cost-effective 

solutions and fight against climate change. 

Through cutting-edge investments in energy-efficient and clean energy technologies and practices, EPA’s 

ENERGY STAR and climate protection partners are tackling the challenges of climate change while improving 

our health and strengthening our economy. The 2010 accomplishments include:

•	 Americans saved $20 billion in 2010 on their utility bills with the help of ENERGY STAR, and prevented 

the equivalent of greenhouse gas emissions from 38 million vehicles.

•	 Since the Green Power Partnership was introduced in 2001, more than 1,300 organizations have 

committed to use more than 18 billion kilowatt-hours of green power each year. 

•	 More than 400 partners have installed over 5,000 megawatts of new combined heat and power since 

the Combined Heat and Power Partnership launched in 2001. 

•	 Through its partnerships in 2010, EPA’s methane and fluorinated greenhouse gas programs used EPA 

tools and resources to avoid the equivalent of emissions from more than 24 million vehicles. 

EPA’s ENERGY STAR and climate protection partners are saving consumers money, while improving our health 

and securing lasting prosperity. EPA will continue to build on the success of these partnerships to address 

climate change through comprehensive, common-sense solutions that benefit all Americans and the world. 
2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) climate protection partnership programs are taking 

bold steps to address climate change, one of our nation’s most pressing environmental problems. For the 

past 18 years, these partnerships have implemented practical, proven, cost-effective solutions for reducing 

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with outstanding environmental and financial success. However, 

certain market barriers persist and continue to limit the widespread investment in and adoption of energy 

efficiency, clean energy supply options, and other climate-friendly policies and technologies (see Table 1). 

EPA’s partnership programs work to dismantle those barriers across the residential, commercial, and 

industrial sectors by developing tools, offering technical assistance, and sharing best practices. That 

support combined with voluntary standards, objective information, and public recognition has consolidated 

EPA’s partnership programs as valuable resources for the many households, businesses, and organizations 

ready to change the way they use energy. 

Strong results for 2010 continued the programs' impressive achievements of the past 18 years.1

 More 

than 23,000 partners across the country have joined EPA in its efforts to reduce GHG emissions. Together, 

EPA’s partners and millions of American consumers have realized significant environmental and economic 

benefits (see Table 2, p. 5): 

•	 Preventing more than 345 million metric tons (in MMTCO2

e)2 of GHG emissions—equivalent to the 

emissions from 81 million vehicles (see Figure 4, p. 6)—with net savings to consumers and businesses of 

about $21 billion in 2010 alone.

•	 Preventing more than 5,400 MMTCO2

e of GHG emissions cumulatively and providing net savings to 

consumers and businesses of more than $314 billion over the lifetime of their investments.

•	 Investing about $102 billion in energy-efficient, climate-friendly technologies.

1 This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions attributable to 

WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the remaining actions in EPA’s comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the 

reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs to be about 470 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2

e) in 2010.

2 All reductions in annual greenhouse gas emissions are reported in million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2

e).
3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA’s Climate Partnership Programs

*Includes utilities.

Audience or 

Target Market Market Barriers Addressed

Climate Protection Partnership Program

ENERGY STAR

Climate LeadersGreen Power PartnershipCombined Heat & Power PartnershipState Climate and Energy Program

Local Climate and Energy Program

State and Local Energy Efficiency Action 

Network

Methane Programs

Fluorinated Greenhouse 

Gas 

Programs

Energy 

Consumers

Lack of information about energy efficiency 

and renewable energy options ● ● ● ●

Competing claims in the marketplace ● ●

Lack of objective measurement tools ● ● ● ●

High transaction costs ● ● ● ● ●

Lack of reliable technical assistance ● ● ● ●

Split incentives ●

Perceptions of organizational risks ● ● ●

Lack of objective basis for recognition of 

environmental stewardship ● ● ● ● ●

Utilities

Lack of objective measurement tools ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Lack of information about energy efficency 

program costs and benefits ● ● ● ●

Disincentives for energy efficiency in 

existing regulations and energy 

planning processes

●

Industries with 

High Global 

Warming 

Potential (GWP) 

Emissions*

Lack of objective measurement tools ●

High investment costs ●

Lack of reliable technical assistance ● ● ●

Lack of objective basis for recognition of 

environmental stewardship ● ● ●

State and Local 

Policy and 

Decisionmakers

Lack of information about clean energy 

policies ● ● ● ● ●

Lack of reliable technical assistance ● ● ● ● ●

Lack of objective basis for recognition of 

environmental stewardship ● ● ● ● 
4

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

Promoting Energy Efficiency Through 

ENERGY STAR®

Since 1992, the ENERGY STAR program has served as 

a trusted source for voluntary standards and unbiased 

information to help consumers and organizations across the 

country adopt energy-efficient products and practices as 

cost-effective strategies for reducing GHGs and protecting 

our climate. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA continues 

to promote energy efficiency across the residential, 

commercial, and industrial sectors (see Figure 2). In 2010, 

EPA’s ENERGY STAR efforts helped Americans:

•	 Save more than 240 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh)—about 

5 percent of U.S. electricity demand.

•	 Prevent 195 million metric tons of GHGs—equivalent to 

the annual emissions from 38 million vehicles. 

•	 Save more than $20 billion on their energy bills. 

These benefits are more than three times those in 2000 (see 

Figure 1). Additional ENERGY STAR program highlights, with 

notable achievements for 2010 and cumulatively, include:

ENERGY STAR Qualified Products 

•	 More than 40,000 individual product models, produced 

by over 1,600 manufacturing partners, have earned the 

ENERGY STAR across more than 60 product categories. 

•	 Americans purchased some 200 million ENERGY STAR 

qualified products in 2010, bringing the total to about 

3.5 billion since 2000.3

•	 EPA finalized third-party certification and enhanced 

product testing and verification procedures.

New Home Construction

•	 More than 126,000 ENERGY STAR qualified new homes 

were constructed in 2010 alone—representing over 

25 percent of housing starts in the United States. Since 

the program’s launch, nearly 1.2 million homes have been 

built to ENERGY STAR guidelines.

Home Improvement

•	 Over 35,000 existing homes were retrofitted through Home 

Performance with ENERGY STAR in 2010—for a total of 

more than 110,000 retrofits—with the help of more than 

1,300 participating contractors across some 30 markets. 

Commercial Buildings

•	 More than 6,200 buildings earned the ENERGY STAR in 

2010 for a cumulative total of over 12,600 buildings—

representing in excess of 2 billion square feet of U.S. 

building space.

•	 Over 200,000 buildings, representing more than 18 billion 

square feet of space and more than 25 percent of the 

total market, were assessed for energy efficiency using 

Portfolio Manager, EPA’s ENERGY STAR measurement and 

tracking tool. 

Industrial Sector 

•	 After nearly a decade of energy efficiency work 

with the cement sector, EPA re-benchmarked the 

energy performance of U.S. cement plants, revealing 

dramatic improvements in energy efficiency across the 

industry, which included a 13-percent improvement in 

energy intensity. 

Highlights of 2010

3 Does not include purchases of compact fluorescent bulbs.

FIGURE 1. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR Benefits Have More Than Tripled

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

240

204 189

177 169

144 129

113

97

81

59

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

38

31

29 27

24

22

19

16

14

12 10
5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

10.4%

6.7%

26.3%

17.1% 23.2%

15.1%

1.2%

Recognizing Corporate Environmental Leadership

Partners in EPA’s Climate Leaders program are Fortune 

500 and other leading corporations that have committed to 

aggressively reducing their GHG emissions. In 2010, nine 

additional partners achieved Climate Leaders GHG reduction 

goals, and 32 partners announced new corporate GHG 

reduction goals. During 9 years of activity, the Climate Leaders 

program achieved a number of significant milestones while 

working to reduce GHG emissions. In 2010, EPA announced 

the program would phase down the services offered in the 

coming year with an official end date for the program of 

September 30, 2011. 

Transforming the Clean Energy Marketplace

EPA’s Clean Energy Supply programs—the Green Power 

Partnership and the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 

Partnership—are designed to increase the nation’s supply 

of clean energy and accelerate the adoption of clean energy 

supply technologies throughout the United States (see 

Figure 3, p. 6). Since 2001, both programs have provided 

technical assistance and recognized significant leadership 

in end-use efficiency and use of renewable energy. By 

engaging over 1,300 partners in the purchase of more than 

18 billion kWh of green power annually and 409 partners in 

the installation of more than 210 megawatts (MW) of new 

CHP capacity, the Clean Energy Supply programs reduced 

GHG emissions by 26.4 MMTCO2

e in 2010 alone.

BENEFITS FOR 2010 CUMULATIVE BENEFITS 1993 – 2020

PROGRAM

NET SAVINGS

(BILLION $)

EMISSIONS

AVOIDED

(MMTCO2e)

PV OF BILL 

SAVINGS

(BILLION $)

PV OF TECHNOLOGY 

EXPENDITURES

(BILLION $)

PV OF NET 

SAVINGS

(BILLION $)

EMISSIONS

AVOIDED

(MMTCo2e)

ENERGY STAR Total $20.3 195.8 $402.1 $96.4 $305.7 2,980

Qualified Products 

and Homes $11.2 83.8 $195.1 $29.7 $165.4 1,276

Buildings $7.1 81.2 $168.4 $57.4 $111.0 1,261

Industry $2.0 30.8 $38.6 $9.3 $29.3 443

Clean Energy Programs — 26.4 — N/A — 393

Methane Programs $0.7 71.0 $15.1 $6.2 $8.9 1,019

FGHG Programs — 52.0 — N/A — 1,034

TOTAL $21.0 345.2 $417.2 $102.6 $314.6 5,426 

TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2010 (in Billions of 2010 Dollars and MMTCO2e)

PV: Present Value

NOTES: Technology Expenditures include O&M expenses for Methane Programs. Bill Savings and Net Savings include revenue from sales of methane and electricity. Totals may not equal 

sum of components due to independent rounding. For details on cumulative benefits, see page 53.

— : Not applicable

N/A: Not available

FIGURE 2. U.S. CO2 Emissions by Sector and Non-CO2 Gases 

by Percent of Total GHGs

Source: EPA 2011b.
6

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Avoided Emissions (MMTCO2e)

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Total FGHG Savings

Total CH4

 Savings

Total CO2

 Savings

FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 345 MMTCO2e—Equivalent to Emissions From 81 Million Vehicles

FIGURE 3. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type

*Includes wind, photovoltaic energy, solar thermal, geothermal, landfill gas, agricultural 

byproducts, wood, and other renewable sources. 

Source: EIA 2011.

Expanding Clean Energy Opportunities for State 

and Local Governments

EPA works with state and local governments to overcome 

the informational and institutional barriers that can limit 

development of energy efficiency and clean energy policies. 

In 2010, EPA made important progress assisting state and 

local governments in taking advantage of clean energy 

funding available through the American Recovery and 

Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA).

•	 EPA introduced a comprehensive website that offers 

states and communities information on climate and 

energy tools, reporting, and peer exchange opportunities.

•	 EPA launched the first 25 Climate Showcase Communities 

projects and announced the second application period, 

with a goal of creating replicable models of sustainable 

community action. 

•	 EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) jointly 

released the new State and Local Energy Efficiency 

Action Network that provides guidance on policies and 

practices to bring energy efficiency to scale.

NOTE: For Total FGHG Savings, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 include savings from GreenChill. 2009 and 2010 also include savings from RAD.

6.8%

3.7% 0.6%

1.0%

44.4%

20.2%

23.3%
7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Program

Accomplishments Goals

2010 2012 2015

ENERGY STAR 195.8 191 235

Clean Energy Supply Programs 26.4 29 44

Methane Programs 71.0 66 73

Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs 52.0 70 81

 Responsible Appliance Disposal* 0.1 0.3 0.5

 GreenChill Partnership* 2.4 3.1 4.6

TOTAL 345.2 356 433

TABLE 3. Long-Term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (MMTCO2e)

*The GHGs addressed by RAD and GreenChill includes HFCs. The numbers reflected do not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of 

0.9 – 2.3 MMTCO2

e.

Reducing Methane Emissions and Recovering an 

Energy Resource

Methane (CH4) is both a potent GHG and a highly desirable 

clean fuel. EPA’s methane programs continued to reduce 

emissions—from landfills, agriculture (manure management), 

oil and natural gas systems, and coal mines—and to develop 

projects to recover and use the methane whenever feasible. In 

2010, the programs avoided GHG emissions of 71.0 MMTCO2

e, 

exceeding their reduction goals and maintaining national 

methane emissions from these target sources 15 percent 

below 1990 levels.

Reducing Fluorinated GHG (FGHG) Emissions

Many of the fluorinated gases—including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), 

hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and 

sulfur hexafluoride (SF6

)—are extremely powerful and 

persistent GHGs. Together, these programs avoided 

52.0 MMTCO2

e of GHG emissions in 2010.

Honoring Partner Accomplishments 

EPA recognized the accomplishments of many outstanding 

partners in its climate protection partnership programs with 

the following awards:

•	 ENERGY STAR Award Winners (see Table 6, p. 12)

•	 Green Power Leadership Awards (see Table 12, p. 33)

•	 ENERGY STAR CHP Awards (see Table 14, p. 35)

•	 Natural Gas STAR Awards (see Table 16, p. 41)

•	 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards (see Table 17, 

p. 45)

The 2010 Annual Report

EPA’s programs continue to advance GHG reduction goals 

and deliver greater benefits each year. These benefits can 

only grow as more businesses, public sector institutions, 

households, and others adopt the practices promoted by the 

climate protection partnerships (see Table 3). This annual 

report presents detailed information on EPA’s 2010 efforts 

within each of the partnerships mentioned in this Executive 

Summary. Each individual program section includes:

•	 Program overview and accomplishments.

•	 Environmental and economic benefits achieved in 2010. 

•	 Summaries of the major tools and resources offered by 

the program. 

•	 Goals for the future. 

EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program 

results and using well-established methods to estimate 

the benefits of its climate partnership programs. Specific 

approaches vary by program strategy, sector, availability 

of data, and market characteristics (these methods are 

reviewed in the Demonstrating Progress section of the 

report, p. 53). For each program, EPA addresses common 

issues that arise when estimating program benefits, such 

as data quality, double counting, free-ridership, external 

promotion by third parties, and market effects, among 

others. The information presented in this annual report is 

similar to much of the information used in the U.S. Office 

of Management and Budget (OMB) Program Assessment 

Rating Tool (PART), which found these EPA programs to be 

achieving their goals.
8

Tough economic times, coupled with volatile energy prices and energy security concerns, have made 

cost-effective solutions for reducing energy use and preventing GHG emissions more important than 

ever for businesses, consumers, and organizations. Despite being a proven strategy that can protect the 

environment while stimulating the economy and creating new jobs, many energy efficiency opportunities 

remain. Fortunately, a growing number of Americans across the country are leading by example and 

seizing this opportunity to protect the climate and reduce their utility bills by investing in energy-efficient 

technologies and practices. 

In 1992, EPA launched the ENERGY STAR program. Since that time this innovative program has overcome 

market barriers and advanced the adoption of energy-efficient products, practices, and services across 

the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In 1996, DOE joined EPA in supporting specific ENERGY 

STAR program responsibilities. ENERGY STAR continues to be regarded as the trusted source of unbiased 

information that helps Americans identify reliable, cost-effective, energy-saving solutions that protect the 

environment by reducing GHG emissions.

Benefits have grown steadily since the program’s inception and will continue to grow as consumers and 

businesses further leverage ENERGY STAR and take action to: 

•	 Select efficient products in more than 60 product categories.

•	 Invest in home improvement retrofits.

•	 Purchase efficient new homes.

•	 Enhance the efficiency of public and private commercial buildings.

•	 Design efficient buildings.

•	 Improve the efficiency of industrial facilities.

ENERGY STAR Overview
9

ENERGY STAR: overview

Achievements in 2010

National Benefits 

The combined achievements across the entire ENERGY STAR 

program are impressive (see Table 4): 

•	 Financial Savings. Americans saved more than $20 billion 

on their utility bills across the residential, commercial, and 

industrial sectors. 

•	 Energy Savings. Americans avoided the need for more 

than 240 billion kWh of electricity or about 5 percent of the 

total 2010 U.S. electricity demand. 

•	 GHG Emissions Prevented. Americans prevented 

195 million metric tons of GHG emissions, equivalent to 

the annual emissions from 38 million vehicles. 

2010

ENERGY SAVED

(BILLION kWH) 

2010

EMISSIONS AVOIDED

(MMTCO2

e) 

2011

EMISSIONS

AVOIDED (MMTCO2e) 

Achieved Goal Achieved Goal

All Qualified Products1 114.8 82.5 81.4 89.8

New Homes2 1.8 5.5 2.4 6.6

Commercial Building 

Improvements3 112.9 56.8 81.2 60.5

Industrial 

Improvements4 15.1 18.0 30.8 19.4

PROGRAM TOTAL for 

ENERGY STAR 244.65 162.8 195.8 176.4

TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2010

1

Results for qualified products from Homan et al., 2011. 2Results for qualified homes from CPPD, 2010. 3Results from building improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2011a. 

4

Electricity results from industrial improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2011b. 5The kWh savings imply peak demand savings of more than 35 gigawatts (GW), based on 

conservation load factors developed by LBNL (Koomey et al., 1990). 

Key Achievements by Program Focus 

About 45 percent of the program benefits realized in 2010 

can be attributed to the purchase and use of products and 

new homes that earned the ENERGY STAR. The use of energy 

management strategies by organizations in the commercial 

and industrial sectors accounted for the remaining 55 

percent. Other key achievements in 2010 included (see 

Table 5, p. 11): 

•	 ENERGY STAR Awareness. Public awareness of the 

ENERGY STAR label was greater than 80 percent. 

Additionally, about three-quarters of the households 

that knowingly purchased a product that had earned the 

ENERGY STAR credited the label as an important factor in 

their decision. 

•	 Products. American consumers purchased about 

200 million products that had earned the ENERGY STAR—

despite the economic downturn—for a cumulative total 

of about 3.5 billion products purchased since 2000.4

•	 Residential Buildings. Since the program’s launch, nearly 

1.2 million ENERGY STAR qualified homes have been built 

in the United States. More than 126,000 new homes were 

constructed to meet ENERGY STAR guidelines in 2010 

alone, representing over 25 percent of new home starts 

nationwide.5

•	 Commercial Buildings. Through 2010, more than 25 

percent of the nation’s building space was assessed for 

energy performance. Over 12,600 buildings have earned 

the ENERGY STAR, while more than 300 new building 

design projects have achieved Designed to Earn the 

ENERGY STAR. 

•	 Industrial Facilities. EPA’s ENERGY STAR Industrial 

Focuses expanded to include 20 sectors and subsectors 

with the launch of the concrete and dairy Focuses. 

EPA awarded the ENERGY STAR to 49 plants in 2010—

including several for the first time in the cookie and 

cracker sector—bringing the cumulative total to nearly 80.

4 Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.

5 Single family site-built new homes.
10

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

Partnership-Driven Change 

More than 20,000 organizations across the United States 

have partnered with ENERGY STAR to realize significant 

environmental and economic benefits. These partners 

include: 

•	 Manufacturers. More than 1,600 manufacturers using the 

ENERGY STAR label to differentiate over 40,000 individual 

product models across more than 60 product categories. 

•	 Retailers. More than 1,400 retail partners bringing 

products that have earned the ENERGY STAR and 

educational information to their customers. 

•	 Builders. More than 8,400 builder partners constructing 

new homes that qualify for the ENERGY STAR in every 

state and the District of Columbia—saving homeowners 

money while maintaining high levels of comfort. 

•	 Service and Product Providers. Hundreds of service 

and product providers actively working with clients to 

adopt a whole-building approach to energy management 

and helping more than 8,300 client buildings improve 

their ENERGY STAR score by 10 points or more on EPA's 

ENERGY STAR energy performance scale. 

•	 Building and Facility Owners. More than 5,800 private 

businesses, public sector organizations, and industrial 

facilities investing in energy efficiency and reducing 

energy use in their buildings and facilities. 

•	 Energy Efficiency Program Sponsors. More than 700 

utilities, states, and other energy efficiency program 

sponsors leveraging ENERGY STAR resources to improve 

the efficiency of commercial buildings, industrial facilities, 

and homes. 

•	 Industrial Partners. More than 650 industrial program 

partners working within their industry to identify ways to 

manage energy strategically, minimize energy risks, and 

reduce emissions. 

•	 Other Partners. Thousands of energy raters, financial 

institutions, architects, and building engineers making 

energy efficiency more widely available through ENERGY 

STAR, thus providing additional value to their customers. 

•	 Environmental Leaders. EPA and DOE recognizing the 

outstanding commitments of 111 partners at the 2011 

Partner of the Year Awards ceremony (see Table 6, p. 12). 
11

ENERGY STAR: overview

TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2010

1 Results are cumulative.

2 The cumulative total of product sales across the entire ENERGY STAR program from 1992 through 2010, including those from the efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy. The results for energy saved 

and the resulting environmental and economic benefits represent EPA efforts alone. 

3 Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.

EE : Energy Efficiency

— :Not applicable

~ : About

ENERGY STAR

PROGRAM STRATEGY KEY INDICATOR

YEAR OF RESULTS

2000 2010

Efficient Products

(for more information, see p. 13)

Product Categories Eligible for ENERGY STAR 33 > 60

Individual Product Models Qualifying 11,000 > 40,000

Products Purchased1,2 600 million ~ 3.5 billion3

Public Awareness 40% > 80%

Manufacturing Partners 1,600 > 1,600

Retail Partners 550 > 1,400

EE Program Administrator Partners 100 > 700

New Homes

(for more information, see p. 19)

Number of Qualified New Homes Built1 25,000 ~ 1,200,000

Percent of National New Home Starts < 1% > 25%

Markets with over 25% Market Share 0 16

Builder Partners 1,600 8,400

Home Improvement

(for more information, see p. 20)

Homes Improved through Home Performance with 

ENERGY STAR1 — > 110,000

EE Program Administrator Partners — > 35

Homes Benchmarked using Yardstick1 — 410,000

Existing Commercial Buildings

(for more information, see p. 23)

Number of Buildings with an ENERGY STAR Score1 4,200 > 200,000

Building Square Footage with an ENERGY STAR Score1 800 million > 18 billion

Percent of Commercial Square Footage with an 

ENERGY STAR Score 1% > 25%

Building Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR 2 13

Number of Buildings Certified1 545 > 12,600

Building Square Footage Certified1 128 million 2 billion

New Commercial Buildings

(for more information, see p. 24)

Number of Buildings Designed to Earn the 

ENERGY STAR1 — > 300

Industrial Improvements

(for more information, see p. 27)

Industrial Partners — > 650

Industrial Sectors (and subsectors) 0 20

Facility Types Eligible for the ENERGY STAR — 11

Number of Facilities Certified1 — 79

Annual Results

(for more information, see p. 53)

Energy Saved (kWh) 62 billion 244 billion

Emissions Avoided (MMTCO2

e) 15.8 195.8

Net Savings (in U.S. Dollars) $5 billion $20 billion
12

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

TABLE 6. ENERGY STAR Award Winners

SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE

3M

St. Paul, MN

Advantage IQ, Inc.

Spokane, WA

APS (Arizona Public Service)

Phoenix, AZ

ArcelorMittal

Chicago, IL

Austin Energy

Austin, TX

Bentall Kennedy

Seattle, WA

Bosch Home Appliances

Huntington Beach, CA

CalPortland Company

Glendora, CA

CB Richard Ellis

Los Angeles, CA

CenterPoint Energy

Houston, TX

Community Housing Partners

Christiansburg, VA

Energy Education, Inc.

Dallas, TX

Energy Inspectors

Las Vegas, NV

Energy Trust of Oregon

Portland, OR

EnergyLogic

Berthoud, CO

Food Lion Family, Bloom and 

Bottom Dollar Food

Salisbury, NC

Ford Motor Company

Dearborn, MI

GE Appliances & Lighting

Louisville, KY

Gresham-Barlow School District

Gresham, OR

Hines

Houston, TX

ITW Food Equipment Group – 

North America

Troy, OH

J. C. Penney Company, Inc.

Plano, TX

Joint Management Committee

Lexington, MA

KB Home

Los Angeles, CA

Lowe’s Companies, Inc.

Mooresville, NC

Merck

Whitehouse Station, NJ

Nashville Area Habitat 

for Humanity

Nashville, TN

New York State Energy 

Research and Development 

Authority (NYSERDA)

Albany, NY

New York-Presbyterian 

Hospital

New York, NY

Oncor

Dallas, TX

Osram Sylvania

Danvers, MA

Pacific Gas and Electric 

Company (PG&E)

San Francisco, CA

Pella Corporation

Pella, IA

PepsiCo, Inc.

Purchase, NY

Raytheon Company

Waltham, MA

Saint-Gobain

Valley Forge, PA

Servidyne

Atlanta, GA

Southern Energy Management

Morrisville, NC

Sponsors of Northeast Energy 

Efficiency Partnerships, Inc. 

(NEEP)

Lexington, MA

Sunoco, Inc.

Philadelphia, PA

TIAA-CREF

New York, NY

Toyota Motor Engineering 

& Manufacturing North 

America, Inc.

Erlanger, KY

TRANSWESTERN

Houston, TX

USAA Real Estate Company

San Antonio, TX

Whirlpool Corporation

Benton Harbor, MI

Wisconsin Focus on Energy

Madison, WI

Partner of the Year

Above and Beyond Energy

Wilmington, NC

AEP Texas

Corpus Christi, TX

Andersen Corporation

Bayport, MN

Citi

New York, NY

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, OH

Colgate-Palmolive Company

New York, NY

ComEd

Chicago, IL

Constellation Energy/

Baltimore Gas and Electric 

Company (BGE)

Baltimore, MD

Continental Refrigerator

Bensalem, PA

Design Tech Homes

Spring, TX

Efficiency Vermont

Burlington, VT

Electrolux Major Appliances

Charlotte, NC

EnergyCAP, Inc.

State College, PA

Evergreen Public Schools

Vancouver, WA

FSL Home Improvements dba

FSL Home Energy Solutions

Phoenix, AZ

Gainesville Regional Utilities

(GRU)

Gainesville, FL

Hanesbrands Inc.

Winston-Salem, NC

HEI Hotels & Resorts

Norwalk, CT

Home Creations

Moore, OK

John B. Sanfilippo & Son, 

Inc.

Elgin, IL

Jones Lang LaSalle

Chicago, IL

Kohl’s Department Stores, 

Inc.

Menomonee Falls, WI

KPPC – Kentucky Pollution 

Prevention Center

Louisville, KY

LG&E and KU

Louisville, KY

Loudoun County Public 

Schools

Broadlands, VA

Manitowoc Foodservice

New Port Richey, FL

Meritage Homes

Scottsdale, AZ

Momentum, LLC

Boise, ID

New Jersey Board of Public 

Utilities

Trenton, NJ

New Mexico Gas Company

Albuquerque, NM

Nissan North America, Inc.

Franklin, TN

NVR, Inc.

Reston, VA

Panasonic Home & 

Environment Company

Secaucus, NJ

PNM

Albuquerque, NM

Public Service Company of 

Oklahoma (PSO)

Tulsa, OK

Questar Gas Company

Salt Lake City, UT

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

Suwon, South Korea

Sears Holdings Corporation

Hoffman Estates, IL

Staples, Inc.

Framingham, MA

TexEnergy

Irving, TX

The Boeing Company

Chicago, IL

The E Group, a Division of 

FirstEnergy Solutions Corp.

Akron, OH

Wells Real Estate Funds

Norcross, GA

Xcel Energy

Minneapolis, MN

AWARDS FOR

EXCELLENCE

ENERGY STAR Promotion

Long Island Power Authority 

(LIPA)

Uniondale, NY

National Grid

Waltham, MA

New Hampshire CORE Utilities

Manchester, NH

Orange County Environmental 

Protection Division

Orlando, FL

Southern California Edison 

Company

Rosemead, CA

Utah Building Energy Efficiency 

Strategies

Salt Lake City, UT

Affordable Housing

Coachella Valley Housing 

Coalition

Indio, CA

Habitat for Humanity of Elkhart 

County

Goshen, IN

Habitat for Humanity of Metro 

Denver

Denver, CO

National Housing Trust

Washington, DC

North Carolina Housing Finance 

Agency

Raleigh, NC

San Antonio Housing Authority

San Antonio, TX

Energy Efficient Product Design

ASUSTeK Computer Inc.

Taipei, Taiwan

Canon U.S.A., Inc.

Lake Success, NY

DIRECTV

El Segundo, CA

Lennox Industries Inc.

Richardson, TX

Scotsman Ice Systems

Vernon Hills, IL

Sharp Electronics Corporation

Mahwah, NJ

Retailing

Menards

Eau Claire, WI

Metro Lighting

Brentwood, MO

Nationwide Marketing Group

Winston-Salem, NC

* To read or download Profiles in Leadership, go to http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/pt_awards/2011_profiles_in_leadership.pdf

To learn more about these award winners and their great accomplishments, see Profiles in Leadership: 2011 ENERGY STAR 

Award Winners.* 
13

ENERGY STAR Qualified Products

Year after year, the American public continues to look to ENERGY STAR as the national symbol for energy 

efficiency to inform purchasing choices, save money on utility bills, and protect the environment. In 2010, 

Americans purchased about 200 million products that had earned the ENERGY STAR across more than 

60 product categories for a cumulative total of about 3.5 billion6

 ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased 

since 2000 (see Figure 5). Qualified products—including appliances, heating and cooling equipment, 

consumer electronics, office equipment, lighting, and more—offer consumers savings of as much as 

65 percent relative to standard models while providing the features and functionality they expect. Key 

activities in 2010 included:

•	 Adding one new product category and 

updating the specifications for three 

product categories (see Table 7, p. 14).

•	 Maintaining the integrity of ENERGY 

STAR by monitoring and protecting the 

use of the label. 

•	 Finalizing third-party certification 

and enhanced product verification 

procedures. 

6 Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.

HVAC and Other Lighting* Home Office Equipment

Appliances Home Electronics Office Equipment

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

Units Purchased (Billions)

*Lighting category does not include purchases of compact fluorescent bulbs.

FIGURE 5. About 3.5 Billion ENERGY STAR Qualified Products Purchased 

Since 2000

*Compact fluorescent bulbs are not included in the number of ENERGY STAR qualified products purchased.
14

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

TABLE 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress

PRODUCT CATEGORY

YEAR

INTRODUCED

(AND REVISED)*

ENERGY

SAVINGS STATUS OF ACTIVITY IN 2010

2010 New Specifications

Commercial Audio 2010 Up to 60% New specification took effect July 30, 2010.

2010 REVISIONS Completed

All ENERGY STAR Specifications: 

Third-Party Certification 2011 — Completed. Took effect January 1, 2011. 

Hot Food Holding Cabinets 2003 (2011) 65% Revised specification to take effect October 1, 2011. 

Set-top Boxes 2001 (2005, 2008, 2011) 40% Revised specification to take effect September 1, 2011. 

Water Coolers 2000 (2004, 2010) 45% Revised specification took effect January 22, 2010.

2010 Revisions In Progress

Battery Charging Systems 2006 35% In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.

Commercial Dishwashers 2007 25% energy; 

25% water In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.

Commercial Fryers 2003 10% energy; 35% gas In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.

Computers 1992 (1995, 1999, 2004, 

2008) 30 – 65% In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.

Dehumidifiers 2001 (2005) 16% In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.

Furnaces 1995 (2006) 12 – 14% In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.

Luminaires (Residential Light 

Fixtures and Solid State Lighting) 2009 30% In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.

Monitors/Displays 1992 (1995, 1998, 1999, 

2005, 2006, 2009, 2010) 20% In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.

Residential Dishwashers 1996 (2001, 2007) 17% energy; 

35% water In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.

Room Air Conditioners 1996 (2005) 9% In progress, expected to be complete in 2011.

Servers 2009 27% In progress, expected to be complete in 2012.

Windows, Doors, Skylights 1998 (2003, 2005, 2009) 15% In progress, expected to be complete in 2013.

New Specifications in Development

Climate Controls TBD New specification to be completed in 2012.

Data Center Storage Devices TBD New specification to be completed in 2012.

Laboratory Grade Refrigerators and 

Freezers TBD New specification to be completed in 2012.

Pre-rinse Spray Valves TBD New specification to be completed in 2012.

Small Network Equipment TBD New specification to be completed in 2012.

Uninterruptible Power Supplies TBD New specification to be completed in 2012.

* The years listed reflect the date the specification went or will go into effect.
15

ENERGY STAR: Qualified Products

Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR Campaign

In 2010, EPA continued to build upon its successful Change the World, Start with ENERGY 

STAR youth partnerships. Starting on Earth Day 2010, EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson 

hosted Earth Day Live! with ENERGY STAR, a live webinar at the Sarah Heinz House, 

a Boys & Girls Club in Pittsburgh, PA, which allowed kids—both in the audience and 

across the country—to ask the Administrator their questions on energy efficiency and 

the environment. At this event, the Administrator announced another strategic youth 

partnership with DoSomething.org, which joins the flourishing partnerships with Boys & 

Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) and Parent-Teacher Organizations (PTO) Today. Through 

the combined initiatives of these partnerships, EPA has helped equip the youth of 

America with the information and interactive tools they need to help protect the climate.

Through these collaborations in 2010, EPA helped:

•	 Activate more than 330,000 American youth and their families by supporting energy 

efficiency projects in their communities, schools, and homes through campaign partnerships with BGCA, PTO Today, and 

DoSomething.org.

•	 Host 40 community service projects related to energy efficiency at BGCA Clubs across the country—ranging from home 

energy check-ups to community energy fairs.

•	 Launch a first-of-its-kind Facebook game, eMission, which inspires real world action. Facebook users must build and save 

their online habitat by completing offline energy-efficient and environmentally friendly actions that reduce GHG emissions. 

Each offline action gives users a snapshot of their carbon savings and increases their points in-game. 

•	 Provide K-8 schools nationwide a series of activities, educational prompts, and resources in the form of event-planning 

kits, co-developed with PTO Today, to help schools host “Go Green Nights,” which teach kids and their families about 

energy efficiency and empower them to take practical steps to reduce their own energy use.

The 2010 Change the World, Start with ENERGY STAR campaign built on the success of previous years and incorporated new 

elements to further engage youth and connect personally with consumers. The combined efforts of the national campaigns 

since 2006 have generated more than 2.8 million pledges of individual actions that could prevent over 9 billion pounds of 

GHG emissions.

Inspiring Consumer Action

EPA engages in public outreach that encourages Americans 

to make energy-efficient changes at home, at work, and in 

their communities. The ENERGY STAR program’s approach 

highlights both the financial and environmental benefits of 

energy efficiency and provides a forum to drive behavior 

change through a variety of elements—reaching millions of 

people through print, broadcast, and social media channels, 

events nationwide, and grassroots-to-national partnerships.

•	 The national Change the World, Start with ENERGY 

STAR campaign continued to promote individual actions 

through the ENERGY STAR Pledge in 2010. Supported by 

participating organizations (pledge drivers), EPA asked 

people to take simple energy-saving steps at home that 

can make a big difference in protecting the climate, such as:

 Choosing ENERGY STAR qualified appliances and 

electronics.

 Maintaining home heating and cooling systems to 

improve efficiency.

 Ensuring homes are well sealed and insulated.

 Enabling power management features on home 

computers and monitors.

•	 More than 240,000 individuals took the ENERGY STAR 

Pledge in 2010, representing an estimated potential 

3.7 billion pounds of GHG emissions prevented and more 

than 2 billion kWh saved. Additionally, the Change the 

World, Start with ENERGY STAR campaign generated 

more than 13 million media impressions as national 

and local media covered the overall campaign, 

Achievements in 2010
16

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

youth partnerships, heating and cooling seasonal 

energy-saving tips, and other product-related program 

developments throughout the year. 

•	 The more than 430 Change the World, Start with ENERGY 

STAR pledge drivers took advantage of exciting new 

campaign tools in 2010—an Event Toolkit and the Change 

the World Campaign Event Booth. The toolkit and booth 

are turnkey solutions for holding an educational ENERGY 

STAR-themed event. 

•	 Sears, Georgia Power Company, Ameren Illinois, 

Lockheed Martin, and Nissan North America were the 

leading pledge drivers in 2010; all participating companies 

and organizations continued to boost the campaign’s 

momentum by encouraging their employees, members, 

constituents, and others to make energy-saving changes 

at home and at work. 

•	 In 2010, EPA debuted a new youth partnership with 

DoSomething.org that leverages the Web and pop culture 

to drive teenagers to make long-lasting, energy-efficient 

changes at home and in their communities. As part of 

this initiative, DoSomething.org launched eMission, a 

unique Facebook game that requires users to take real 

world action to protect the climate online and offline. In 

less than half a year, more than 50,000 Facebook users 

took steps through eMission to make sustained, energyefficient changes in their lives that could prevent over 

2.8 million pounds of GHG emissions.

•	 In St. Paul, MN, and Salt Lake City, UT, a combined total of 

more than 33,000 visitors toured the ENERGY STAR Exhibit 

House during the 2010 campaign. The house featured 

interactive displays and gave visitors the opportunity to 

learn about energy efficiency room by room. Additionally, 

Utah Governor Gary R. Herbert toured the ENERGY STAR 

Exhibit House with EPA staff, making him the first governor 

to experience the exhibit house. 

•	 The ENERGY STAR website experienced impressive 

growth; visitor sessions reached more than 21 million in 

2010, a 32-percent increase over 2009.

•	 More than 80 percent of American households recognized 

the ENERGY STAR label (see Figure 6). Additionally, more 

than 80 percent of households had a high or general 

understanding of the label.7

•	 More than 40 percent of American households knowingly 

purchased an ENERGY STAR qualified product. Of those 

households, over 75 percent reported being favorably 

influenced by the ENERGY STAR label and about 

80 percent reported they are likely to recommend ENERGY 

STAR products to their friends.8

Maintaining the Integrity of ENERGY STAR

Monitoring the ENERGY STAR Brand. To participate in 

the ENERGY STAR program, product manufacturers and 

retailers enter into formal partnership agreements with 

the government and agree to adhere to the ENERGY STAR 

Identity Guidelines, which describe how the ENERGY STAR 

name and mark may be used. EPA continually monitors the 

use of the brand in trade media, advertisements, and stores 

and on the Internet. The Agency also conducts biannual 

onsite store-level assessments of ENERGY STAR qualified 

products on the stores’ shelves to ensure the products are 

presented properly to consumers.

7 For more information, see U.S. EPA 2011c. 

8 For more information, see U.S. EPA 2011c.

Unaided annual result is statictically different from the result of the prior year.

Aided and unaided annual results are statistically different from the results of 

the prior year

*

**

Unaided Awareness Aided Awareness

FIGURE X. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United State

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

*

**

**

**

**

**

FIGure 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States

*Unaided annual result is statistically different from the result of the prior year. 

**Aided and unaided annual results are statistically different from the results of the prior year.
17

ENERGY STAR: Qualified Products

Implementing Third-Party Certification. To ensure that 

ENERGY STAR remains a trusted symbol for environmental 

protection through superior efficiency, EPA completed 

comprehensive enhancements of the product qualification 

and verification processes. Third-party certification of 

ENERGY STAR products went into effect, as scheduled, on 

January 1, 2011. Before a product can be labeled with the 

ENERGY STAR under the new requirements, its performance 

must be certified by an EPA-recognized third party based on 

testing in an EPA-recognized lab. In addition, ENERGY STAR 

manufacturer partners must participate in verification testing 

programs run by the approved certification bodies. By the 

end of 2010, EPA had recognized 21 accreditation bodies, 

132 laboratories, and 15 certification bodies. 

Enforcing Program Requirements. Enforcing proper use 

of the ENERGY STAR mark is essential to maintaining the 

integrity of the program. As the result of multiple off-the-shelf 

testing efforts, EPA disqualified 17 products from the ENERGY 

STAR program in 2010 for failure to meet performance 

standards. Manufacturers of those products were required to 

discontinue use of the label and take additional steps to limit 

product exposure in the market. In an effort to ensure fair 

and consistent commitment among ENERGY STAR partners, 

EPA also took steps this year to suspend the partner status of 

manufacturers failing to comply with program requirements.

March 2010 EPA announced its intention to transition the ENERGY STAR product labeling program from a selfcertification approach to one that requires all products to be third-party certified and subject to 

verification testing by the end of 2010.

June 2010 After seeking input from stakeholders, EPA finalized the requirements that accreditation bodies and 

laboratories would have to meet to receive EPA recognition. These requirements leveraged existing 

international standards, such as ISO/IEC 17011 and ISO/IEC 17025, which are commonly cited in 

product safety programs.

August 2010 Also with input from stakeholders, EPA finalized the requirements that certification bodies would 

have to meet to receive EPA recognition. Among other things, they must provide evidence of 

technical competence, strong quality management processes, and impartiality toward test results.

October 2010 EPA finalized changes to the ENERGY STAR Partner Commitments across all 60 product categories, 

instituting the new qualification and verification requirements.

November 2010 EPA asked ENERGY STAR manufacturer partners to recommit to the program under the new terms. 

The vast majority of active ENERGY STAR partners recommitted, including industry leaders in every 

product category.

EPA Implements Third-Party Certification
18

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond

•	 Review and update ENERGY STAR specifications for 

more than 10 product categories, making sure the label 

remains a meaningful symbol of highly efficient products 

in the market. 

•	 Expand the suite of ENERGY STAR product categories by 

adding climate controls, small network equipment, data 

center storage devices, uninterruptable power supplies, 

pre-rinse spray valves, and laboratory grade refrigerators 

and freezers.

•	 Pilot a new program targeted at early-adopters to increase 

demand for the most efficient ENERGY STAR products.

•	 Actively support the ramp up of third-party certification 

and verification testing of products across the more than 

60 product categories.

About ENERGY STAR Product Specification Revisions

When the ENERGY STAR program was established in 1992, 

EPA offered the label for two products—computers and 

monitors. Since then, the program has grown to include 

more than 60 product categories. Through the ENERGY STAR 

program, EPA provides value to consumers by enabling them 

to easily identify energy-efficient products. To achieve this, 

EPA sets specifications reflective of the performance of 

the most efficient products on the market. For a product to 

qualify for the ENERGY STAR label, it must meet a strict set 

of specifications designed to ensure that the product:

•	 Is energy-efficient. 

•	 Is cost-effective to the purchaser.

•	 Maintains product performance or features.

Revising ENERGY STAR Specifications 

While EPA continues to expand its suite of labeled products, 

it also revises specifications on an ongoing basis to 

ensure that the ENERGY STAR label remains meaningful to 

consumers. Over the years, specifications for the 

majority of the product categories have been revised to 

achieve additional energy savings (see Table 8). Each year, 

EPA reviews current product specifications and carefully 

considers the following questions to assess whether a 

specification revision is appropriate: 

•	 Can significant additional energy savings be realized 

nationally? 

•	 Can energy consumption and performance be measured 

and verified with testing?

•	 Can product or service performance be maintained or 

enhanced with increased energy efficiency? 

•	 Will purchasers be able to recover an additional 

investment in increased energy efficiency within a brief 

period of time?

•	 Can additional energy efficiency be achieved without 

unjustly favoring one technology? 

•	 Will ENERGY STAR labeling effectively differentiate 

products and services and be visible to purchasers? 

EPA carefully weighs these questions to decide which 

products warrant specification revisions. 

TABLE 8. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards With 165 Product Specifications and Revisions

Product Type

Number of Product

Categories

Total Number of

Specifications

(NEW AND REVISED)

SPECIFICATION

UPDATES IN THE 

LAST 3 YEARS*

Specifications 

THAT WENT INTO

EFFECT in 2010

Consumer Electronics 12 34 9 2

Office Equipment 10 37 4 1

HVAC 9 28 4 1

Commercial Food Service 

Equipment 9 11 6 2

Lighting 6 19 4 1

Building Envelope 3 9 1 1

Appliances 7 19 4 —

Other 3 8 1 1

* Reflects those specifications that took effect through 2010.
19

ENERGY STAR IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR 

About 17 percent of the GHGs emitted in the United States are attributed to the energy we use to heat, cool, 

and light our homes, as well as power the appliances and electronics in them. By making energy-efficient 

choices in the construction of new homes and the improvement of existing homes, American homeowners, 

renters, homebuilders, and home remodelers can lower household utility bills while helping to protect the 

environment. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA offers an array of useful tools and resources to households and 

the housing industry to increase the energy efficiency of the nation’s housing stock. Program highlights for 

2010 included: 

•	 Reaching the milestone of nearly 1.2 million ENERGY STAR qualified new homes constructed since the 

program’s launch. 

•	 Partnering with 8,400 builder partners, who collectively constructed more than 126,000 ENERGY STAR 

qualified homes in 2010, which represents more than 25 percent of new home starts (see Figure 7, p. 20). 

•	 Surpassing the mark of more than 35,000 homes improved through Home Performance with ENERGY 

STAR in 2010, for a total of more than 110,000 homes across the United States. 

•	 Expanding the Home Performance with ENERGY STAR program across the country to include more than 

1,300 participating contractors.

Achievements in 2010

ENERGY STAR for New Homes

Nearly 1.2 Million New Homes Have Earned the ENERGY 

STAR. More than 126,000 new homes were constructed to 

meet ENERGY STAR guidelines in 2010 (see Figure 8, p. 21), 

bringing the total number of ENERGY STAR qualified homes 

to nearly 1.2 million by year end. Since EPA began labeling 

new homes in 1995, American homeowners have saved 

$1.6 billion on their energy bills and reduced GHG emissions 

by more than 27 billion pounds. In 2010 alone, families living 

in ENERGY STAR qualified homes saved nearly $350 million 

on their utility bills, while avoiding GHG emissions equivalent 

to those from about 450,000 vehicles.

Coordinating Attractive Energy Efficiency Financing. EPA 

continued its collaboration with the Energy Programs 

Consortium, as well as with state energy offices and housing 

finance agencies (HFAs), to implement the ENERGY STAR 

Mortgage program launched in 2008. The program offers 

homeowners, including those with low incomes, a way 
20

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

to purchase energy-efficient homes or finance efficiency 

improvements to their existing homes while receiving a 

financial benefit from the lender—typically in the form of a 

closing cost discount or reduced interest rate. The value of 

the ENERGY STAR mortgages closed by participating lenders 

during 2010 totaled almost $12 million. In that same period, 

EPA provided marketing support to participating lenders 

and contractors to help with customer recruitment, and 

continued its efforts to engage new stakeholders and look for 

opportunities to expand the program by meeting with several 

regional and national lenders, including Fannie Mae.

Making Affordable Housing More Energy Efficient. EPA 

continues to provide outreach and analytical support to state 

HFAs, helping them incorporate ENERGY STAR measures as 

part of the evaluation criteria for applications that request 

public funds to develop affordable rental housing for lowincome families. At the end of 2010, 49 of 50 state HFAs were 

promoting ENERGY STAR qualified products and/or homes 

in their Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program’s Qualified 

Allocation Plans. Based on data from the U.S. Department 

of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), more than 

5,200 ENERGY STAR qualified homes were built in FY10 using 

public funding from HUD’s HOME program, a 13-percent 

increase over FY09. HUD and EPA also collaborated on 

developing an energy efficiency roadmap to help owners 

and developers improve the energy efficiency of housing for 

the elderly and the disabled, two groups that are particularly 

vulnerable to high energy costs. EPA also partners with 

Habitat for Humanity’s U.S. affiliates to promote the 

construction of ENERGY STAR qualified homes. In 2010, 

more than 300 Habitat affiliates nationwide built over 

1,600 homes to ENERGY STAR specifications. As a result 

of EPA’s outreach to the manufactured homes industry 

(also part of the affordable housing market), more than 

4,300 ENERGY STAR qualified manufactured homes were 

built in the United States in 2010 for a cumulative total of more 

than 41,000. 

ENERGY STAR Home Improvement

Expanding Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. Home

Performance with ENERGY STAR (HPwES) offers 

homeowners a comprehensive, whole-house approach 

to energy efficiency improvements through a network of 

contractors trained to perform energy assessments and 

retrofits. Through regional HPwES sponsors, a third party 

conducts quality reviews of the contractors’ work. Over 

the past 9 years, EPA has worked with sponsoring partners 

such as state and local governments, utilities, and nonprofit 

FIGure 7. ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homes Gaining Market Share

< 3% 3 – 11%

Increasing Market Percentage

11 – 24% > 25%
21

ENERGY STAR: REsidential Sector

organizations to implement HPwES in more than 30 markets 

(see Figure 9). As a result of their efforts, by the end of 

2010, over 110,000 homes had been retrofitted through 

HPwES programs. In 2010, EPA recognized 52 participating 

contractors with the ENERGY STAR Century Club Award 

for improving more than 100 homes each—up from 

36 contractors in 2009.

Continuing Growth for ENERGY STAR HVAC Quality 

Installation Guidelines. EPA partnered with five utilities 

across the country in 2010 to offer the ENERGY STAR heating, 

ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) Quality Installation 

(QI) program, which helps utility partners go beyond product 

incentives to deliver additional KW and kWh savings by 

improving installation procedures. The HVAC QI program 

blends an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-

recognized, industry-accepted set of installation guidelines 

with the endorsement of EPA’s ENERGY STAR program to help 

consumers obtain high-quality installations. Partnering utilities 

helped homeowners save more than 690,000 kWh in 2010. 

Number of Homes

Cumulative Homes Built Annual Homes Built

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 2008* 2009* 2010*

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

0

FIGURE 8. Nearly 1.2 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the 

ENERGY STAR Label

*The decrease in the number of homes qualified reflects the overall decrease in the total 

number of homes built.

FIGure 9. Home Performance with Energy Star Spreads Across the Country
22

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

New Homes

•	 Begin phasing in new, more rigorous guidelines for homes 

to earn the ENERGY STAR. When fully implemented in 2012, 

homes built to the new ENERGY STAR for Homes 

Version 3 requirements will be at least 15 percent more 

energy efficient than those built to the 2009 International 

Energy Conservation Code (IECC), and they will include 

additional measures that make them 20 to 30 percent more 

efficient than typical new construction.

•	 Work with stakeholders to address barriers in the real 

estate transaction process so the market recognizes the 

value and risk reduction associated with high-performance 

homes earning the ENERGY STAR. The effort will include 

initiatives that can expand the current ENERGY STAR 

Mortgage program and facilitate policies that formally 

recognize the value of high-performance homes in the 

appraisal process.

Existing Homes

•	 Take steps to transfer the management of the HPwES 

program to DOE. This transition is intended to help the 

federal government achieve greater management and 

resource efficiency in its effort to increase market 

adoption of home energy upgrades. 

•	 Recruit at least three new sponsors for the HVAC QI 

program in 2011. 

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond

Offering Home Energy Performance Tools. Nearly 100,000 

consumers used EPA’s online Home Energy Yardstick in 

2010 to compare their home’s energy use to that of others 

across the country. The tool lets homeowners set an energy 

reduction goal and see how their home stacks up if they 

reduce energy use by a certain percentage. In addition to 

the Yardstick, EPA offers the online Home Energy Advisor to 

help Americans improve home efficiency. In 2010, more than 

55,000 owners used the interactive tool to find customized 

recommendations for increasing the energy efficiency of 

their homes. 
23

President Obama’s vision for "winning the future by investing in innovative, clean energy technologies" 

includes new efforts to improve energy efficiency in commercial buildings across the country by 20 percent 

over the next decade.9

 Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA is already helping the commercial building 

sector improve energy efficiency in the places where consumers work, play, and learn. In turn, these 

efforts will help create jobs, save money, reduce dependence on foreign oil, and contribute to cleaner 

air and the protection of people’s health. These and future efficiency efforts are of critical importance, as 

commercial buildings are responsible for approximately 20 percent of all energy consumption in the 

United States.

Thousands of American business owners—including retailers, hoteliers, and grocers—along with heads 

of major organizations such as state and local governments, school districts, universities, hospitals, and 

congregations, are already using ENERGY STAR tools and resources to help realize significant energy 

savings that prevent GHG emissions and contribute to meeting the President’s ambitious goals (see 

Figure 12, p. 25).

ENERGY STAR IN THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR

Achievements in 2010 

Reaching Key Program Milestones

With the help of ENERGY STAR, partners in the commercial 

sector made great strides in improving energy efficiency in 

2010. Major milestones involved: 

Sustaining Top Performance Through ENERGY STAR. More 

than 6,200 buildings earned the ENERGY STAR in 2010 alone, 

a nearly 60-percent increase from the 2009 total. Of these 

buildings, approximately 40 percent had earned the ENERGY 

STAR in previous years, demonstrating consistency in energy 

savings. In total, more than 12,600 buildings, representing 

over 2 billion square feet of space, and nearly 50 plants, had 

earned the ENERGY STAR by year end (see Figure 10, p. 24). 

While all certified buildings use less energy than typical 

buildings, about 10 percent of all ENERGY STAR certified 

buildings use 50 percent less energy than similar buildings 

nationwide.

Demonstrating Significant and Continuous Improvement.

EPA recognized 150 partner organizations as ENERGY STAR 

Leaders for making portfolio-wide improvements in energy 

efficiency and, in some cases, achieving top performance 

(an ENERGY STAR score of 75 or higher) across their entire 

portfolio of buildings. Demonstrating sustained reductions, 

9 For more information, see The White House 2011.
24

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

60 percent of these Leaders have reached multiple 

improvement milestones over the years. In 2010, for the first 

time, two organizations achieved a 50-percent portfolio-wide 

improvement milestone. Additionally, ENERGY STAR service 

and product provider partners have helped more than 8,300 

client buildings improve their ENERGY STAR score by 10 points 

or more on EPA’s ENERGY STAR energy performance scale.

Managing Energy Through Widespread Measurement 

and Tracking. The energy performance of more than 

200,000 buildings—representing over 18 billion square feet 

of space and more than 25 percent of the total market—has 

been assessed using EPA’s ENERGY STAR measurement and 

tracking tool, Portfolio Manager (see Figure 13, p. 26).10

Designing More Buildings To Earn the ENERGY STAR. Despite 

the downturn in the economy, more than 75 commercial 

building design projects achieved Designed to Earn the 

ENERGY STAR in 2010, bringing the total number of buildings 

intended to operate at ENERGY STAR performance levels 

when built to more than 300.

Strategizing for Success

EPA's ENERGY STAR Guidelines for Energy Management 

have become an important roadmap for instituting a 

corporate culture of environmental protection and financial 

value. Implementing comprehensive energy retrofits in 

buildings and ensuring newly constructed buildings deliver 

on their high-performance intent requires organizations to 

commit to a superior energy management strategy at the 

top levels of management. Through ENERGY STAR, EPA 

packages actionable guidance for all types of companies 

and organizations to achieve success and helps them tap 

into expert knowledge to deliver concrete energy solutions 

through smart practices and technologies.

Competing Nationally To Work Off the Waste with 

ENERGY STAR. In 2010, EPA launched the first annual 

National Building Competition. Teams from 14 buildings of 

all shapes and sizes from across the country went head-tohead to see who could reduce their energy use the most. 

The greatest successes occurred in buildings whose teams 

raised awareness, engaged occupants, and used ENERGY 

STAR guidance in energy-saving efforts. The winning 

building, Morrison Residence Hall at the University of North 

Carolina, Chapel Hill, achieved an almost 36-percent energy 

use reduction in just one year. 

Together, the 14 contestants reduced their energy 

consumption by more than 44 million KBtu a year, saved over 

$950,000, and reduced GHG emissions equal to those emitted 10 Calculated using CBECS 2003, see EIA 2006. 

FIGURE 10. More Than 12,600 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR

(Number of Buildings)

< 35 35 – 99 100 – 299 > 300
25

ENERGY STAR: Commercial Sector

*2001-2008 includes only buildings eligible to receive an ENERGY STAR performance 

score. 2009 and 2010 include those buildings as well as buildings eligible to receive an EUI 

(Energy Use Intensity).

Figure 12. Steady Growth in Building Space Benchmarked 

and Certified Building Space Square Footage (Billions)

Sq. Ft. Benchmarked Sq. Ft. Certified

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* 2010*

* 2001-2008 includes only buildings eligible to receive an ENERGY STAR performance score. 

2009 and beyond includes those buildings as well as buildings eligible to receive an EUI 

(Energy Use Intensity).

by the annual electricity use of nearly 600 homes (see 

Figure 11). Because these innovative competitors embedded 

energy efficiency in daily operations, they changed the 

landscape for energy efficiency in their buildings and 

communities and set a great example for the nation. 

Supporting Innovative Energy Efficiency Initiatives. In 

2010, EPA’s strategic partnerships with state and local 

governments, industry associations, and other federal 

agencies continued to demonstrate nationally applicable 

models for new energy efficiency initiatives. These included 

projects funded through ARRA, mandates for energy 

disclosure in U.S. communities, and awareness-raising 

efforts about energy use and reductions in commercial 

buildings through innovative campaigns and competitions, 

which all relied on the ENERGY STAR platform. 

Linking to Experts. Service and product providers (SPPs), 

architects, engineers, state energy offices, and utilities 

offer valuable energy efficiency services and programs to 

help identify, prioritize, and implement quality projects in the 

Solon Family Health Center

Memorial ArtsBuilding

Virginia Beach Convention Center

1525 Wilson Boulevard

Maplewood Mall

522 Fifth Avenue

Sheraton Austin Hotel

Crystal River Elementary School

Tucker Hall 

Courtyard by Marriott San Diego Downtown 

Morrison Hall

Van Holten Primary School

JCPenney

Sears Glen Burnie

12-Month Period Ending Date

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

9/09 10/09 11/09 12/09 1/10 2/10 3/10 4/10 5/10 6/10 7/10 8/10

Weather-Normalized Source Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/Sq. Ft.)

FIGURE 11. 2010 National Building Competition Progress Over Time
26

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

FIGURE 13. Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score by State

Increasing Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score

< 35 35 – 99 100 – 399 > 400

(In Millions of Square Feet)

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond

•	 Extend the ENERGY STAR certification to senior care 

facilities and begin planning updates to the ENERGY STAR 

energy performance scale for hospitals, providing an 

assessment and recognition tool for a critical and growing 

source of the nation’s energy consumption.

•	 Launch the second annual ENERGY STAR National 

Building Competition: Battle of the Buildings, a coast-tocoast contest among commercial buildings to save energy 

and protect the climate. The competition will feature 245 

competitors who will battle it out through improvements in 

energy efficiency with support from EPA's ENERGY STAR 

program and determine who can reduce their energy use 

the most, with a winner announced in November 2011.

•	 Complete the Building Performance with ENERGY STAR 

pilot and implement lessons learned in an enhanced 

rollout of the program.

•	 Initiate a process to expand and improve the functionality, 

usability, speed, and verification process of Portfolio 

Manager through a database upgrade.

commercial sector. In 2010, more organizations leveraged 

ENERGY STAR resources, which led to a 50-percent increase 

over the previous year in energy benchmarking through 

SPPs for their clients and assistance in certifying more than 

3,200 buildings as ENERGY STAR. 

In partnership with several states and utilities, EPA 

announced a pilot program in 2010 designed to deliver 

greater energy savings in commercial buildings. Building 

Performance with ENERGY STAR is assisting utilities and

state energy efficiency programs in achieving increased 

savings by strategically pursuing whole-building energy 

improvements with their business customers. 

Expanding Portfolio Manager. Portfolio Manager was 

expanded to include data centers, a unique building space 

type now eligible to receive an ENERGY STAR score and 

certification. EPA also added more reporting features, 

including a custom template that allows users to send data 

directly from Portfolio Manager to outside stakeholders.
27

The industrial sector is an important part of the U.S. economy: manufacturing goods valued at nearly 

$5.5 trillion, contributing over 11 percent to the U.S. GDP, and providing more than 12.7 million jobs paying 

an average of $47,500 annually.11 It also generates more than a quarter of the nation’s annual GHG emissions. 

Through ENERGY STAR, EPA enables the industrial sector to improve energy efficiency within its operations 

and cost-effectively reduce GHG emissions by removing energy management barriers. 

One way EPA works with industry is through the ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses—to share information, such as 

detailed guides on how to reduce energy use in manufacturing plants; to develop industry-specific ENERGY 

STAR plant energy performance indicators (EPIs) that enable plants to measure energy efficiency and set 

competitive improvement goals on a national basis; and to build a collective source of energy management 

expertise for specific industries. The success of the ENERGY STAR Focuses in improving energy performance 

validates that EPA’s approach—performance measurement and recognition for top performance—helps 

industry maintain competitiveness by saving money and achieving positive results for the environment. 

ENERGY STAR IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

11 For more information, see U.S. Census Bureau 2010.

Improving Performance—The ENERGY STAR Focus 

Industries 

EPA works closely with specific industries to provide 

advanced tools that help companies manage energy for 

themselves and build long-term, productive energy programs 

(see Table 9, p. 28). 

Landmark Gains Achieved in Cement Energy Performance.

After nearly a decade, EPA re-benchmarked the energy 

performance of U.S. cement plants as part of the regular 

update process for EPIs. This benchmarking revealed 

dramatic improvements in energy efficiency across the 

cement industry, including a 13-percent improvement in 

energy intensity. The energy performance of the industry's 

least efficient plants improved most dramatically: plants in 

the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles improved by 0.34, 0.51, and 

0.75 MMBtu per ton of clinker, respectively (see Figure 14, 

p. 28). The total source energy savings were 60.5 trillion Btu 

annually, equivalent to reducing energy-related carbon 

emissions in these plants by 5.5 MMTCO2

e. 

New Plant EPIs Issued. Many U.S. industrial companies 

are unable to objectively measure and assess the energy 

performance of their facilities. ENERGY STAR plant EPIs 

overcome this barrier by helping companies determine 

good energy performance for their plant, relative to others 

in their industry. In 2010, EPA added new tools for cookie 

and cracker plants and pulp mills to its available set of EPIs. 

Industry testing continued for drafts of the steel mini-mill and 

fiberglass EPIs, and EPA issued a revised cement EPI for final 

industry testing. 

Achievements in 2010 
28

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

New Energy Guide Released. EPA issued an energy guide 

that identifies energy efficiency opportunities for steel plants. 

The growing library of energy guides continued to help 

managers identify areas for improvement, develop action 

plans, and educate company employees. 

Best Practice Lighting Guide Released. Working with 

the Motor Vehicle Focus, EPA facilitated a benchmarking 

study to identify the best practice lighting levels for motor 

vehicle manufacturing. The results of this groundbreaking 

study were published and used to inform new Illuminating 

Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) lighting 

standards. 

Number of Industrial Sector Focuses Grows to 20. EPA 

signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the National 

Ready Mixed Concrete Association and the International 

Dairy Foods Association to enable more than 6,000 U.S.

concrete plants and nearly 1,600 dairy processors to 

develop strategic energy management programs using 

ENERGY STAR resources.

Energy Performance Score (Percentile Ranking)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

100

75

50

25

FIGURE X. Improvement in Cement Manufacturing Plant Energy Performance, 1997 – 2008

1997 Distribution of Plant Efficiency

2008 Distribution of Plant Efficiency

Million Btu per Ton of Clinker

FIGURE 14. Improvement in U.S. Cement Plant Energy 

Performance, 1997 – 2008

TABLE 9. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy

FOCUS Industry

PEER EXCHANGE 

NETWORK

INDUSTRY 

ENERGY GUIDE

ENERGY PERFORMANCE 

INDICATOR

Cement Manufacturing ● Published 2nd Version in Draft

Concrete Manufacturing ● In Process Exploring Options

Corn Refining ● Published Released

Food Processing

● Published

• Cookies & Crackers Released

• Dairy Processing Exploring Options

• Juice Released

• Potato Products Released

• Tomato Products Draft

Glass Manufacturing

● Published • Fiberglass Draft

• Flat Glass Products Released

• Container Glass Products Released

Metal Casting ● Under Study Exploring Options

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing ● Published 2nd Version Released

Petrochemical Manufacturing ● Published Draft

Petroleum Industry ● Published Private System 

Recognized by EPA

Pharmaceuticals ● Published Released

Pulp & Paper

• Integrated ● Published Draft

• Pulp Draft

Steel

• Mini-mills ● Published Draft

Water/Wastewaster ● In Process Released
29

ENERGY STAR: industrial Sector

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond 

•	 Build upon the foundation set by the cement industry to 

develop resources for concrete manufacturers.

•	 Formalize agreements with more U.S. industrial sectors, 

including the printing industry.

•	 Complete energy guides for concrete plants and dairy 

processing plants. 

•	 Re-baseline wet corn mills. 

•	 Collaborate with DOE on an ISO standard for energy 

management and support the joint DOE-EPA State and 

Local Energy Efficiency Action Network for industry. 

•	 Help small and medium manufacturing plants set and 

achieve energy performance goals through the ENERGY 

STAR Challenge for Industry.

Building Capacity Enables Greater Industry 

Participation 

Key alliances and tools help EPA and its partners build 

capacity in a cost-effective manner. 

ENERGY STAR Challenge for Industry Launched. EPA 

created a new initiative to encourage manufacturers to 

improve the energy efficiency of their sites by 10 percent 

within 5 years or less. Through the ENERGY STAR Challenge 

for Industry, EPA engages a broader set of industrial facilities 

in the fundamental energy management practices of 

establishing baselines, setting reduction goals, and tracking 

and managing energy use over time. By the close of 2010, 

192 sites had taken the Challenge, and 27 had achieved the 

goal, saving over 1.7 trillion Btu.

New Guidance To Address Unique Needs of Small- and 

Medium-Sized Manufacturers. EPA released guidance 

to help small- and medium-sized manufacturers to build 

energy programs that work for the reduced scale of their 

operations. Also, an ENERGY STAR energy guide that 

addresses common plant systems was completed for 

these manufacturers.

Continuing To Earn ENERGY STAR Certification

EPA awarded the ENERGY STAR to 49 plants in 2010—

including several cookie and cracker plants that earned the 

ENERGY STAR for the first time—bringing the total to 79 (see 

Table 10).

Expanding Sustainable Strategies

EPA influenced energy management beyond its ENERGY 

STAR partners by promoting energy efficiency as part of the 

partners’ broad sustainability initiatives. 

Supply Chain Engagement Reaches Beyond Partners. EPA 

supported its ENERGY STAR industrial partners in the 

development of supplier energy management outreach 

programs. Partners assisted their suppliers by passing on 

the resources and best practices they received through their 

own partnership with ENERGY STAR. 

Downstream Industries. The Cement Focus companies 

worked through ENERGY STAR to build concrete plant 

energy assessment programs to assist their downstream 

industry, concrete production.

TABLE 10. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants

*Represents cumulative savings for labels earned since 2006.

Sector Facility Earned THE ENERGY STAR in 2010 Total plants Earning THE ENERGY STAR

Cement Manufacturing Plants 22 32

Auto Assembly Plants 7 15

Petroleum Refineries 3 8

Wet Corn Mills 4 7

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants 6 7

Wet Corn Mills 2 2

Frozen Fried Potato Processing Plants 5 8

Total Plants Certified 49 79

Total Estimated Energy Savings

(Compared with Average Plants) 74,400,000 MMBtu 233,700,000 MMBtu*
30

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

EPA launched the Climate Leaders program in 2002 to assist leading companies 

across the country in developing comprehensive climate change strategies. After 

9 years, Climate Leaders has achieved a number of significant milestones while 

working to reduce GHG emissions (see Table 11). Through the program, EPA has deployed standardized 

GHG emissions management practices for use among companies within an industry and has provided 

guidance and recognition to encourage companies to set and achieve corporate-level GHG emissions 

reduction goals.

Climate Leaders partners represented a variety of industries and sectors, from manufacturers and 

utilities to financial institutions and retailers—with operations in all 50 states (see Figures 15 and 16). 

When companies partnered with Climate Leaders, they voluntarily agreed to account for and reduce 

GHG emissions by submitting a corporate-wide inventory of their GHG emissions, setting a public GHG 

emissions reduction goal, and taking steps to meet that goal by the agreed-upon deadline. 

On September 15, 2010, EPA announced the Climate Leaders program would phase down the services 

offered during the next year with an official program end date of September 30, 2011. EPA determined that 

states and nonprofits are now well-positioned to work with companies and other entities to continue their 

climate leadership, assisting them in GHG reporting that goes above and beyond mandatory requirements 

and establishing facility or corporate-level GHG reduction goals. EPA also announced its intent to stay 

involved in important initiatives related to corporate GHG accounting, to support companies’ actions 

to reduce their GHG emissions through other climate protection partnership programs, and to join with 

nongovernment organizations to recognize climate leadership.

Climate Leaders

Achievements in 2010

•	 Nine additional partners achieved Climate Leaders GHG 

reduction goals: Abbott; Best Buy; Green Mountain 

Energy; Frito-Lay, Inc.; Lockheed Martin Corporation; 

Merck & Co., Inc.; The National Renewable Energy Lab; 

Oracle Corporation; and Steelcase, Inc. 

•	 Thirty-two partners announced new corporate GHG 

reduction goals in 2010, bringing the total number of 

corporate GHG goals set by Climate Leaders partners and 

Small Business Network members to 228. 
31

Climate Leaders

66

3

5

6

9

13

13

16

16

16 20

FIGURE 15. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners by Sector

92

3

14

5

29

27

Retail

2

Healthcare

1

FIGURE 16. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members

•	 Update, develop guidance for, and make publicly available 

the following tools:

 Climate Leaders GHG Emissions Reduction 

Goal Model.

 Climate Leaders Simplified GHG Calculator.

 Climate Leaders Inventory Management Plan, as 

well as the GHG Inventory Summary and Goal 

Tracking Form.

•	 Facilitate recognition opportunities with nonprofit 

organizations to acknowledge corporate leaders in GHG 

management.

•	 Partner with the U.S. General Services Administration 

(GSA) in piloting the reporting of GHG inventories by small 

businesses under Executive Order 13514.

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond 

TABLE 11. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators, 2004 – 2010 (Cumulative)

CLIMATE LEADERS INDICATOR 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Partners 64 78 107 155 251 183* 183**

Small Business Network Members — — — — — 87* 185*

Total Partners and Members — — — — — 270 368

Initial Inventories Submitted 42 58 78 115 161 201 227

Site Visits (Partners Only) 9 29 46 77 109 144 160

Goals Announced 20 31 55 88 115 154 228*

Goals Achieved 0 5 8 11 18 29 38

*In late 2009, EPA approved development of the Climate Leaders Small Business Network to provide support to smaller companies. In previous years, the program numbers reflect participation from 

both small and large companies. Some organizations moved from Climate Leaders to the Small Business Network. Goals announced reflect the total from both programs.

**In late 2010, EPA decided to phase down the Climate Leaders program over 2011. At that time, the program discontinued accepting new partners and some partners left the program.
32

EPA’s Clean Energy Supply Programs—the Green Power Partnership (GPP) and the Combined Heat and 

Power (CHP) Partnership—were launched in 2001 to facilitate the growth of green power generation and 

environmentally beneficial CHP across the nation. 

For the past 10 years, both programs have made remarkable progress in dismantling market barriers to 

green power purchasing and CHP use by helping hundreds of partners find cost-effective solutions to 

meet their energy needs. By offering technical 

resources, developing nationally accepted 

standards, providing access to expertise, and 

recognizing environmental leadership, the 

Clean Energy Supply Programs continually 

bring value to partners. 

In turn, partner investments in clean energy 

yield significant environmental benefits by 

reducing GHG emissions and other air pollutants. 

CHP and GPP partners are transforming the 

marketplace by increasing the local, regional, 

and national demand for clean energy supply 

technologies. The programs’ achievements 

have been impressive. In 2010 alone, EPA’s 

Clean Energy Supply programs reduced GHG 

emissions by 26.4 MMTCO2

e (see Figure 17).

CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

GHGs Avoided (MMTCO2e)

FIGURE 17. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy 

Supply Programs
33

Clean Energy Supply PROGRAMS

•	 Added over 200 new partners, bringing the total to more 

than 1,300. These organizations have committed to 

buying more than 18 billion kWh of green power annually, 

which is enough energy to run nearly 1.6 million average 

American homes for one year (see Figure 18). 

•	 Expanded EPA’s Fortune 500 Green Power Challenge, an 

initiative focused on increasing the collective green power 

purchases of eligible corporations. By the end of 2010, 

67 Fortune 500 companies had taken the Challenge and 

stepped up their commitment to environmental stewardship 

by collectively purchasing nearly 9 billion kWh. 

•	 Acknowledged 54 participating partners in EPA’s College 

& University 2009 – 2010 Green Power Challenge. EPA 

ranked the green power purchases of individual schools 

against others within their athletic conferences, and 

subsequently calculated cumulative purchases among 

competing conferences. The Ivy League conference 

topped the list with the largest total purchase among 

all conferences, and earned EPA recognition as the 

2009 – 2010 Collective Conference Champion.

•	 Presented 18 Green Power Leadership Awards to top 

purchasers of green power and onsite renewable power 

systems (see Table 12). 

Achievements in 2010 

FIGURE 18. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

kWh Purchased

MMTCO2e Avoided

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

GHGs Avoided in MMTCO e2

Annual Purchases by EPA Partners (Billion kWh)

EPA’s Green Power Partnership 

is a voluntary program that 

encourages organizations to 

buy green power as a means 

to reducing the environmental 

impacts associated with purchased electricity use, while 

demonstrating environmental leadership. EPA’s Green Power 

partners include a wide variety of forward-thinking 

organizations, such as Fortune 500 companies; small- and 

medium-sized businesses; local, state, and federal government 

agencies; and colleges and universities. The voluntary 

commitments of these partners to green power made 2010 an 

exceptional year for EPA’s Green Power Partnership. 

Green Power Partnership

Green Power Purchasing

BD Franklin Lakes, NJ

BNY Mellon Pittsburgh, PA

Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA

Chicago Public Schools Chicago, IL

Harris Bank Chicago, IL

Indianapolis Zoo Indianapolis, IN

Intel Corporation Santa Clara, CA

Pearson Upper Saddle River, NJ

Port of Portland Portland, OR

State of Illinois Springfield, IL

Onsite Generation 

City of San Francisco San Francisco, CA

Phoenix Press, Inc. New Haven, CT

Green Power Partner of the Year

Kohl's Department Stores Menomonee Falls, WI

Motorola Libertyville, IL

TD Bank Cherry Hill, NJ

Whole Foods Market Austin, TX

Green Power Community of the Year

Corvallis Corvallis, OR

Park City Park City, UT

TABLE 12. 2010 EPA Green Power Leadership Awards
34

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

•	 Expand community-level green power purchasing by 

designing and launching the Green Power Community 

Challenge to double the number of Green Power 

Communities nationwide (see sidebar). 

•	 Explore innovative solutions that address the market 

barriers potentially impeding the deployment of onsite 

renewable energy systems by piloting the Clean 

Energy Collaborative Procurement Initiative within the 

Washington, DC, metro area. 

•	 Continue to support and recognize partners’ green power 

purchases while working with green power suppliers to 

increase the market supply of attractive green power 

products. 

•	 Increase the number of new partners by 15 percent in 2011.

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond 

Green Power—Energizing Communities Across the Country

Innovative municipalities across the country are partnering 

with EPA to become Green Power Communities (GPCs). 

Towns, villages, cities, counties, or Native American 

communities become GPCs when local government, 

businesses, and residents collectively buy green power 

in amounts that meet or exceed EPA’s Green Power 

Partnership community purchase requirements. Between 

2004 and 2010, 33 communities mobilized to reduce their 

carbon footprint by buying and using green power. Their 

purchases helped avoid annual CO2

 emissions equivalent 

to those from the electricity use of nearly 137,000 average 

American homes. 

The Green Power Community Challenge aims to double 

the number of Green Power Communities nationwide. Over 

the span of a year, EPA GPCs will track and report their 

collective green power use and green power percentage 

of total electricity use. GPCs will be ranked according to 

these categories on EPA’s website on a quarterly schedule. 

At the conclusion of the Challenge, the community that has 

the highest green power percentage and the community 

that uses the most kWh of green power will receive national 

recognition from EPA.

EPA’s CHP Partnership (CHPP) 

encourages the use of highefficiency CHP technologies, 

which are cleaner than 

separately produced electrical and thermal energy. CHP 

projects are up to 60 percent more efficient than traditional 

separate heat and power generation,12 and can also reduce 

reliance on grid-supplied electricity, increase the reliability of 

existing electricity supply systems, and help delay the need 

to build new capacity. 

To promote increased use of CHP, EPA works closely with 

energy users, the CHP industry, state, local and tribal 

governments, and other stakeholders to develop new CHP 

projects and promote their environmental, economic, and 

other benefits. Since the program’s inception, the CHP 

Partnership has made a significant impact on U.S. CHP 

capacity—particularly over the past 5 years, annually 

assisting up to 70 percent of the new CHP capacity additions 

(see Table 13). 

Combined Heat and Power Partnership

•	 Welcomed 56 new partners, bringing the total to 409. 

•	 Provided technical assistance to 19 candidate sites 

across the country, such as universities, wastewater 

treatment plants, biofuel refineries, federal facilities, and 

data centers. 

•	 Assisted in the deployment of more than 210 MW of new 

CHP nationwide (out of more than 443 MW of total new 

nationwide capacity), bringing the cumulative impact of 

the program to over 5,000 MW of new CHP. 

Achievements in 2010

12 For more information, see www.epa.gov/chp/basic/efficiency.html.
35

Clean Energy Supply PROGRAMS

•	 Publish a revised edition of a widely referenced report on 

the potential of CHP in wastewater treatment facilities.

•	 Continue to assure that the emissions reduction 

benefits of CHP are appropriately recognized in building 

performance rating systems, standards, and guidelines 

such as those developed by the American Society of 

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 

(ASHRAE) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental 

Design (LEED®).

•	 Continue to advance the positive treatment of CHP in new 

or modified environmental policy and regulations. 

•	 Work with EPA regions on the application of output-based 

standards, which recognize CHP’s energy efficiency 

attributes and its GHG emissions reduction capacity.

•	 Reach out to federal stakeholders and state energy 

agencies to facilitate including CHP in key climate and 

energy plans and policies.

•	 Develop a white paper to present a methodology for 

assessing CHP emissions impacts. 

•	 Launch new online tools to help project developers and 

facility owners evaluate potential CHP projects.

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond 

•	 Honored seven highly efficient CHP projects with the 

ENERGY STAR CHP Award. These systems range in size 

from 0.2 MW at a wastewater treatment facility to 66 MW 

serving a 40,000-person university campus (see Table 14). 

•	 Included CHP as a Best Available Control Technology 

(BACT) in the EPA GHG BACT white papers released 

in December 2010. The white papers were developed 

for seven sectors: electric generating units; industrial, 

commercial, and institutional (ICI) boilers; pulp and paper; 

cement; iron and steel; refineries; and nitric acid plants. 

CHP’s capacity to increase energy efficiency and thereby 

reduce GHG emissions was essential to its inclusion in the 

white papers.

Table 13. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share

Year

Total New CHP 

Capacity (MW)

New CHP Capacity

Creditable to the CHP 

Partnership (MW)

2002 5,214 620 (12%)

2003 3,576 516 (14%)

2004 3,340 1,963 (59%)

2005 1,600 821 (51%)

2006 353 139 (39%)

2007 478 340 (71%)

2008 259 154 (59%)

2009 452 298 (66%)

2010 443 210 (47%)

Total 15,715 5,061

CHP Project Location CHPP Partner(s)

Eastern Maine Medical Center Bangor, ME Solar Turbines, Vanderweil Engineers

Fairfield University Fairfield, CT Fairfield University, Nexant

Gainesville Regional Utilities South 

 Energy Center

Gainesville, FL Burns & McDonnell, Gainesville Regional 

 Utilities, Solar Turbines

Landis Sewerage Authority Vineland, NJ Prodex

Port Arthur Steam Energy Port Arthur, TX Gas Technology Institute

UC San Diego San Diego, CA Jacobs Engineering Group, Solar Turbines

University of Missouri Columbia, MO GE Energy, University of Missouri, Siemens, 

 Solar Turbines

TABLE 14. 2010 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards
36

State and local PROGRAMS and initiatives

EPA helps state and local governments use clean energy and other strategies to reduce GHG emissions 

and achieve other environmental, energy system, and economic benefits by providing technical assistance, 

analytical tools, and peer exchange opportunities. 

In 2010, state and local governments faced the dual challenge of making full use of ARRA clean energy 

funding and preparing to comply with upcoming EPA regulations. To assist them, EPA:

•	 Introduced a comprehensive redesigned website for states and communities providing efficient access 

to current climate and energy information, tools, reporting, and peer exchange opportunities. 

•	 Announced the second round of grant funding for a second group of 25 Climate Showcase Communities 

piloting local and tribal government climate change initiatives. The goal of the Showcase program is 

to create replicable models of sustainable community projects that result in cost-effective and sustained 

GHG reductions while improving the environmental, economic, human health, or social conditions in 

a community. 

•	 Hosted an extensive suite of webinars and supported peer exchange among states, local governments, 

the heat island community, and energy efficiency practitioners. The most popular offering was a threepart webinar series for state and local government personnel on ways to help their communities adapt 

to climate change. The series covered risk analysis and communication to stakeholders; adaptation 

planning and implementation; and integration of these efforts into existing operations.
37

state and local PROGRAMS AND initiatives

•	 Launched the first round of 

25 projects under the Climate 

Showcase Communities 

program, hosted an intensive 

workshop for grantees, 

initiated a community of practice, and opened the 

second application period for the Climate Showcase 

Communities' $10 million grant program, receiving more 

than 300 applications.

•	 Issued a new Local Climate and Energy Strategy Guide 

on Smart Growth, the latest installment in a series that 

provides comprehensive, straightforward overviews 

of GHG emissions reduction strategies that local 

governments can use.

•	 Increased connections with the reflective and green 

roofing sectors by developing and participating in four 

technical heat island forums.

local climate and energy program

•	 Produced a draft paper that 

clarifies EPA guidance on 

accounting for the impacts of 

state energy efficiency and 

renewable energy policies 

and programs on air quality planning. 

•	 Developed a schematic that highlights opportunities 

for states to factor in the effect of existing state energy 

efficiency and renewable energy policies on baseline 

emissions forecasts for their State Implementation Plans.

•	 Released Assessing the Multiple Benefits of Clean 

Energy, a new guide that explains the many energy, 

environmental, health, and economic benefits that clean 

energy can create and describes a range of methods 

and tools that states and local governments can use to 

estimate those benefits. 

state climate and energy program

•	 Continue to provide technical assistance and support 

that helps state and local governments achieve low-cost 

emissions reductions and lays the groundwork for using 

clean energy strategies to improve air quality and secure 

other benefits.

•	 Hold a second intensive workshop for the pilot 

communities in the Climate Showcase Communities 

program, and publicize their project accomplishments; 

the combined grantee estimates across all 50 projects 

indicate that by 2014, approximately 350,000 metric tons of 

CO2

 equivalent emissions will be prevented annually.

•	 Encourage other governments to learn from and replicate 

the success of the Climate Showcase Communities.

•	 Release three additional installments of the Local Climate 

and Energy Strategy Series, including Transportation 

Control Measures, Energy Efficiency in K-12 Schools, and 

Energy Efficiency in Affordable Housing. 

Achievements in 2010

Achievements in 2010

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond for the State and Local Climate and Energy Programs
38

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

•	 Continued co-facilitation of the 

National Action Plan for Energy 

Efficiency (Action Plan) with 

DOE. In 2010, the Action Plan 

continued to measure progress 

toward its Vision for 2025, and 

released two new issue papers 

for utility regulators on how programs can be designed to 

motivate customers to save energy. 

•	 Partnered with DOE to release the new State and Local 

Energy Efficiency Action Network (SEE Action). SEE 

Action is the next phase of the Action Plan, assisting in 

the implementation of energy efficiency across a broader 

suite of state and local government policy and 

program options.

Clean Energy and Utility Policy Programs 

Despite the proven economic and environmental benefits of 

clean energy, a variety of barriers continues to deter utilities, 

as well as state and local governments, from making greater 

investments in cost-effective clean energy measures. During 

2010, EPA provided information on existing program and 

policy options to state utility regulators and policymakers 

who were establishing and implementing cost-effective 

energy efficiency in their states.

•	 EPA will continue to co-chair the SEE Action Executive 

Group and share policy and program options with states 

working to remove persistent barriers to cost-effective 

energy efficiency and CHP.

Achievements in 2010

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond
39

Methane (CH4) is an excellent candidate for reducing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere and 

providing a clean energy resource in the process. Methane is the second most important GHG behind carbon 

dioxide, and currently contributes one third of all anthropogenic (man-made) climate change. It also has a 

relatively short atmospheric lifetime of about 9 to 15 years, which means that reductions made today will yield 

positive results in the near term. And unlike other GHGs, methane is an important energy resource that allows 

for cost-effective mitigation of GHGs. There are many opportunities to recover methane from the agriculture 

(manure management), coal mining, oil and gas systems, and landfill sectors. 

EPA has established partnership programs with 

industry to reduce methane emissions from 

some of the largest sources by encouraging the 

recovery and use of methane as energy. EPA’s 

programs—Natural Gas STAR, AgSTAR, the 

Coalbed Methane Outreach Program, and the 

Landfill Methane Outreach Program—strive to 

remove market barriers and increase investment 

in cost-effective emissions reduction technologies 

and practices.

•	 In 2010, the combined efforts of EPA’s methane 

programs resulted in GHG emissions reductions 

of 71.0 MMTCO2

e, which is more than double 

the total for 2000 (see Table 15, p. 40). 

•	 Combined with a regulatory program to limit air emissions from the nation’s largest landfills, these 

partnerships have reduced emissions from targeted sources to 15 percent below 1990 levels. They are 

projected to remain below 1990 levels through at least 2020 (see Figure 19). 

EPA is also achieving results on a global scale by sharing its experience, expertise, and success in the United States 

with partners around the world. The Global Methane Initiative (GMI), formerly known as the Methane to Markets 

Partnership, works with 38 partner governments and more than 1,000 public and private sector organizations 

internationally to accelerate the recovery and use of methane as a clean energy resource (see p. 46).

METHANE PROGRAMS

450

500

550

600

650

700

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Methane Emissions in MMTCO2

e FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Methane 

Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2020
40

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

•	 Reduced U.S. methane emissions by 38.0 MMTCO2e 

through the efforts undertaken and reported by domestic 

partners for 2010, achieving cumulative program 

reductions of approximately 401 MMTCO2

e since 1990 

(see Figure 20). 

•	 Continued to maintain about 60-percent industry 

participation across all major sectors—production, 

gathering and processing, transmission, and distribution.

•	 Welcomed four new partner companies, bringing 

the total to more than 140 domestic and international 

partners.

•	 Recognized 27 partner companies at the 17th Annual 

Implementation Workshop in New Orleans, LA, for their 

significant corporate achievements in reducing methane 

emissions from oil and gas systems (see Table 16).

Natural Gas STAR Program

TABLE 15. EPA’s Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals 

Natural Gas STAR is a flexible, 

collaborative partnership between 

EPA and oil and natural gas 

companies, designed to spur 

the adoption of cost-effective 

technologies and practices that 

reduce methane emissions. By working with both domestic 

and international companies from oil production and all 

sectors of the natural gas supply chain, Natural Gas STAR 

helps reduce methane emissions, improve operational 

efficiency, increase natural gas supply, and contribute to a 

healthier global environment. 

The program offers a full array of tools and resources—

including technology transfer workshops, lessons learned 

studies, Partner Reported Opportunities (PRO) fact sheets, 

technical reports and studies, a quarterly newsletter, and 

peer networking forums—to assist companies in implementing 

a wide range of cost-effective best management practices 

and technologies to reduce methane emissions.

Achievements in 2010

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Cumulative Natural Gas STAR Methane Reductions (Bcf)

Cumulative Avoided Emissions (MMTCO2e)

Bcf

MMTCO2

e

FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions 

Reductions and Gas Savings

Program 2010 Goal 2010 Achievement 2011 Goal

Natural Gas STAR

Industry Participation (% in program) 62% 59% 58%

Annual Gas Savings (MMTCO2

e) 27.5 38.0 27.9

Coalbed Methane Outreach Program

Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCO2

e) 9.9 9.9 10.1

Landfill Methane Outreach Program

Number of Projects 389. 451. 449

Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCO2

e) 22.7 23.1 23.5

TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCO2

e) 60.1 71.0 61.5
41

METHANE PROGRAMS

Production Partner of the Year

El Paso E&P Company, L.P. Houston, TX

Gathering and Processing Partner of the Year

ONEOK Partners Tulsa, OK

Transmission Partner of the Year

Kinder Morgan (Natural Gas Pipelines) Houston, TX

Distribution Partner of the Year

New Jersey Natural Gas Company Wall, NJ

Implementation Manager of the Year

Mike Pontiff, Newfield Exploration 

 Company

Houston, TX

Rookie of the Year

HighMount E&P LLC Houston, TX

International Partner of the Year

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. New Delhi, India

Continuing Excellence – 17 Years

Consolidated Edison Company 

 of New York, Inc.

New York, NY

National Grid Westborough, MA

UGI Utilities, Inc. Reading, PA

Washington Gas Washington, DC

Williams Gas Pipeline Tulsa, OK

Continuing Excellence – 15 Years

Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation Poughkeepsie, NY

Orange and Rockland Utilities, Inc. Pearl River, NY

Public Service Electric and Gas Company Newark, NJ

Continuing Excellence – 10 Years

Hess Corporation's Americas Exploration 

 and Production

New York, NY

Continuing Excellence – 7 Years

Devon Energy Oklahoma City, OK

Puget Sound Energy Bellevue, WA

Shell Exploration and Production Company Houston, TX

Continuing Excellence – 5 Years

Alliance Pipeline LP Eden Prairie, MN

Consumers Energy Jackson, MI

Equitable Gas Co. Pittsburgh, PA

Marathon Oil Company Houston, TX

New Jersey Natural Gas Company Wall, NJ

New Mexico Gas Company Albuquerque, NM

Nicor Gas Naperville, IL

ONEOK Partners Tulsa, OK

Panhandle Eastern Pipe Line Company Houston, TX

Quicksilver Resources Fort Worth, TX

TABLE 16. 2010 Natural Gas STAR Awards

•	 Conducted two domestic and two international Production 

Sector Technology Transfer workshops.

•	 Hosted the combined Natural Gas STAR Annual 

Implementation Workshop and GMI Oil & Gas 

Subcommittee Meeting in November 2010, with the 

objective of reaching a broader audience.

•	 Performed several measurement studies to evaluate 

the feasibility of reducing methane emissions through 

targeted technologies and practices. Provided training on 

the various data analysis techniques and software tools 

used in processing results from measurement studies. 

•	 Worked with other federal agencies to encourage 

methane emissions reductions from production operations 

on federal lands, particularly in the western United States.

What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond

•	 Update existing program materials and develop new 

tools that highlight the environmental and economic 

benefits of reducing methane emissions to facilitate the 

implementation of new projects.

•	 Engage and collaborate with the GMI Oil & Gas 

Subcommittee to leverage technical resources effectively. 

•	 Advance international program efforts in new geographical 

areas, such as Indonesia and the Middle East. 

•	 Continue progress made under Natural Gas STAR 

International with China, India, and Latin America to 

implement new methane emissions reduction projects 

through on-the-ground audits, project identification, and 

prefeasibility studies.

•	 Coordinate with federal and state agencies to address 

methane emissions from federal lands, focusing on 

activities in the western United States. 
42

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

AGSTAR PROGRAM

Biogas recovery systems help reduce 

GHG emissions by enabling the 

recovery and use of methane from 

animal manure and other organic 

wastes. A biogas recovery system 

is typically anchored by a manure 

digester that captures and combusts 

biogas to produce electricity, heat, or hot water. In addition 

to avoiding methane emissions, digester systems also reduce 

local water and air pollution, act as a source of renewable 

energy, provide rural economic development, better manage 

nutrients, and generate other value-added products (e.g., 

manure fibers) that improve farm revenues.

Through the AgSTAR Program, EPA partners with the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture (USDA) to collaborate with the 

nation’s agriculture industry to reduce methane emissions 

by promoting the use of biogas recovery systems to manage 

animal waste. EPA offers an array of tools and information 

designed to assist livestock producers in evaluating and 

implementing methane recovery systems. Currently, there are 

more than 200 manure digester systems operating or under 

construction in the United States. 

Achievements in 2010

•	 Provided technical support to USDA in selecting 19 

anaerobic digester projects for grant and loan funding 

through the Farm Bill. 

•	 Supported digester-to-energy projects that produced 

more than 450 million kWh of renewable energy from 

farms capturing methane. 

•	 Expanded the AgSTAR State Partner program to nine 

states to more effectively leverage expertise and 

resources within state energy and environmental 

organizations, while accelerating the adoption of digester 

systems. 

•	 Updated and expanded the AgSTAR national digester 

database to include 162 operating digesters and track the 79 

digester projects that are under construction or shut down. 

What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond

•	 Provide technical expertise to enable the distribution 

of state and federal grant and loan funds to anaerobic 

digester projects through USDA and other funding 

sources. 

•	 Expand outreach and education to livestock producers 

and other stakeholders through extension events, industry 

meetings, and renewable energy conferences. 

•	 Evaluate emerging digester and biogas use technologies. 

•	 Enhance the AgSTAR program website to provide 

improved tools and resources targeted to livestock 

producers, project developers, and policymakers. 

•	 Hold the seventh AgSTAR National Conference, as well 

as regional events, to provide environmental, program, 

market, technical, and funding information on anaerobic 

digestion systems. 

•	 Track the latest information on the deployment of 

anaerobic digestion systems in the United States through 

the AgSTAR national digester database. 
43

METHANE PROGRAMS

The Coalbed Methane Outreach 

Program (CMOP) strives to reduce 

methane emissions from coal mining 

activities. Coal mine methane (CMM) 

is a potent GHG and can be an 

explosive hazard inside mines. But if 

CMM is recovered safely and used for 

energy, it is a valuable, clean-burning fuel source. CMOP 

collaborates with coal companies and related industries 

to reduce methane emissions through the development of 

environmentally beneficial, cost-effective CMM recovery and 

utilization projects. 

The program primarily focuses on mitigating emissions 

from underground coal mines, both from degasification 

systems and from mine ventilation systems, as well as 

from abandoned (closed) underground mines and active 

surface mines. CMOP provides high-quality, project-specific 

information and technical assistance to the coal mining 

industry and project developers, including identifying 

project sites, analyzing and demonstrating technologies, 

conducting mine-specific project feasibility assessments and 

market evaluations, and analyzing financial incentives and 

regulatory hurdles. 

•	 Increased the percentage of drained CMM that is 

recovered and used to approximately 83 percent—up 

from 25 percent in the early 1990s. 

•	 Reduced emissions of methane by an estimated 

9.9 MMTCO2

e. These results include reductions from 

about 14 active underground coal mines, as well as 

reductions from around 25 projects that captured and 

used methane from approximately 38 closed underground 

U.S. coal mines. 

•	 Announced two new ventilation air methane (VAM) 

mitigation projects at active U.S. coal mines and promoted 

the continued success of the first-ever VAM mitigation 

project that was launched in 2009. These projects were 

made possible by CMOP’s extensive technical and 

outreach efforts over the years, including a successful 

VAM technology demonstration project cosponsored 

with DOE. 

•	 Hosted the 2010 U.S. Coal Mine Methane Annual 

Conference, which attracted a record number of 

attendees and exhibitors. This conference is the only

forum of its kind to address the opportunities and

challenges of CMM project development in the 

United States.

•	 Refined tools to assist potential CMM project developers, 

including an online cash flow model to assess project 

finance and economics, as well as a map tool that 

indicates the locations and key attributes of U.S. CMM 

recovery and use projects, and potential sites.

Coalbed Methane Outreach Program

•	 Update technical reports and analytical tools to provide 

the latest information on how to recover CMM and use 

it effectively. 

•	 Directly engage project developers, investors, technology 

vendors, and the mining community through tailored 

outreach events, including the 2011 U.S. Coal Mine 

Methane Annual Conference. 

•	 Evaluate opportunities for new CMM recovery and 

utilization projects. 

•	 Work with other federal agencies to address unique 

challenges and barriers to CMM recovery projects on 

federal lands, particularly in the western United States.

Achievements in 2010

What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond
44

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

•	 Reduced methane emissions by 23.1 MMTCO2e, partly as 

a result of helping to develop 36 new LFG energy projects 

and expand 10 existing projects. 

•	 Welcomed 90 new partners, increasing participation by 

10 percent and bringing the total to over 960. 

•	 Provided stakeholders with technical assistance that 

included performing 83 cost analyses, conducting 

29 locator searches to match end-users with landfills, 

and running gas generation models for 25 potential LFG 

energy projects. 

•	 Garnered public attention for LMOP partners and LFG 

energy projects, which were featured by numerous media 

outlets, including the Associated Press, Energy Today, 

and The Ledger Independent. Supported four ribbon 

cuttings and one groundbreaking event with informational 

resources and materials.

•	 Recognized the outstanding accomplishments of one 

landfill methane partner and five exemplary projects at 

the 14th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo (see 

Table 17). 

Landfill gas (LFG) energy projects prevent FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects

direct methane emissions from landfills 

and reduce indirect CO2

 emissions by 

displacing energy generated from the 

burning of fossil fuels with LFG, an 

alternative energy source (see Figure 21). 

Through the Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP), 

EPA provides landfill owners and operators a suite of 

tools and technical resources to help them overcome the 

obstacles to developing LFG energy projects. LMOP 

provides technical assistance to both smaller landfills not 

covered by EPA regulations and larger, regulated operations 

that are combusting their gas but not yet using it as a clean 

energy source. 

Over the past 16 years, LMOP has celebrated assisting 

502 LFG energy projects, and surpassing 550 operational 

projects nationally (see Figure 22). These LMOP-assisted 

projects have collectively reduced methane emissions from 

landfills and avoided emissions totaling 188.5 MMTCO2

e; they 

are partially responsible for the approximately 20-percent 

decrease in methane emissions from landfills since 1990.

Landfill Methane Outreach Program

Achievements in 2010

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Electric Capacity

Direct Use

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Capacity of Electric Projects (MW)

0

50

100

150

200

250

LFG Flows (MMSCFD)
45

METHANE PROGRAMS

< 5 5 – 15

Increasing Operational LFG Energy Projects

16 – 20 > 20

(Number of Projects)

FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas (LFG) Energy Projects Across the Country

•	 Assist in the development of more than 35 new LFG 

energy projects. 

•	 Expand efforts to promote the benefits of LFG energy 

to state and local economic development offices, 

emphasizing job creation and tax revenue opportunities. 

•	 Host the 15th Annual LMOP Conference, Project Expo, and 

Awards Ceremony to showcase the top LMOP partners 

and projects and discuss the latest industry trends. 

•	 Continue to provide current information on incentives 

for LFG energy through fact sheets and list serve 

announcements.

What to Expect in 2011 and Beyond

Projects of the Year

Frederick County 

 Electricity Project Winchester, VA

Montgomery Regional 

Solid Waste Authority 

 Small Engine Project

Christiansburg, VA

Newton County Renewable 

Energy Business Park 

 LFG Direct-Use Project

Brook, IN

Crow Wing County 

 Small On-site LFG Boiler Project Brainerd, MN

Hoffman Road LFG and 

Bay View WWTP 

 Digester Gas 10-MW Project

Toledo, OH

Community Partner of the Year

Escambia County Pensacola, FL

TABLE 17. 2010 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards
46

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

Methane to Markets Partnership Becomes Global 

Methane Initiative 

On October 1, 2010, in 

Mexico City, Mexico, 38 

partner governments 

launched the Global 

Methane Initiative (GMI) 

to urge stronger international action to protect the 

environment while developing clean energy and stronger 

economies. Through Methane to Markets (M2M), U.S.-

supported projects have grown to nearly 600 sites around 

the world. From 2005 through 2010, the cumulative reduction 

from projects at those sites was more than 128 MMTCO2

e 

(see Figure 23). U.S. contributions have leveraged nearly 

$390 million in investments from other partner countries, 

development banks, and the private and public sectors. 

GMI builds on the success and structure of M2M, but 

broadens the scope to include additional emissions 

sources and new approaches to methane abatement. The 

Initiative also advances the development of national action 

plans and brings new resources to increase international 

collaboration. 

GMI will expand the efforts begun under the M2M 

Partnership in three key ways:

•	 Wider Scope. The Initiative broadens the scope from 

methane capture and use to methane abatement 

and destruction, and includes new sectors such as 

municipal wastewater.

•	 GMI Partner Action Plans. All partner countries 

will develop action plans for coordinating methane 

reduction efforts at home and abroad. These action 

plans will identify barriers to project implementation, 

target opportunities for comprehensive efforts to reduce 

methane emissions in partner countries, and help 

coordinate assistance efforts among partner countries.

•	 New Resource Commitments. M2M has demonstrated 

global methane mitigation successes, but with greater 

financial and human resource commitments, GMI will be 

able to realize even greater achievements.

With those important changes, GMI will serve to build 

capacity and identify needs and opportunities for 

advancing reduction efforts within partner countries, 

while providing a framework for ensuring coordination and 

leveraging the Initiative’s collective resources. 

EPA is leading other federal agencies in working with 

GMI partners—38 partner governments and more than 

1,000 private and public sector organizations (the Project 

Network). The Initiative demonstrates how countries 

and the private sector can work cooperatively to reduce 

GHG emissions, stimulate economic growth, develop new 

sources of energy, and improve local environmental quality. 

In 2011, EPA and its GMI partners will: 

•	 Seek to engage existing and new partners in developing 

new projects and achieving greater reductions. 

•	 Work with all partners to develop country-level action 

plans on methane and explore new project opportunities 

in the wastewater sector. 

•	 Begin planning for a GMI Expo that will be held in 2012

or 2013.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

GHG Reductions (MMTCO e) 2

Figure 23. GHG Reductions From U.S.-Supported GMI Projects
47

EPA’s voluntary fluorinated greenhouse gas (FGHG) partnership programs continue to make significant 

reductions in potent GHG emissions. The fluorinated gases—including perfluorocarbons (PFCs), 

hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3

), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—are in several cases a 

byproduct of some U.S. industrial operations. HFCs, on the other hand, are principally used as replacements 

for GHGs that also deplete the ozone layer. Ozone-depleting substances, including chlorofluorocarbons 

(CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), are used in refrigerators, air conditioners, insulating foams, 

and other products, but are being phased out globally under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that 

Deplete the Ozone Layer.

Through its partnership programs, EPA works closely with participating industries to identify cost-effective 

emissions reduction opportunities, recognize industry accomplishments, and facilitate the transition toward 

environmentally friendlier technologies and best environmental practices. Partners include aluminum 

producers, HCFC-22 producers, semiconductor manufacturers, electrical transmission and distribution 

system operators, magnesium producers and processors, supermarkets, utilities, and appliance retailers 

and manufacturers. Although FGHGs account for a small portion of total U.S. GHG emissions, they have 

very high global warming potentials (GWPs). FGHGs trap substantially more heat in the atmosphere than 

does CO2

 on a per-mass basis, and some can have much longer atmospheric lifetimes than CO2 (see Table 

18, p. 48). 

The combined efforts of the FGHG partnerships have helped partners maintain their emissions substantially 

below baseline levels—an impressive achievement given the potential for sizable growth in many of 

these industries. In 2010 alone, FGHG emissions reductions across the partnership programs totaled 

52.0 MMTCO2

e (see Table 19, p. 48).13 Additionally, emissions are expected to stay at the levels shown in 

Figure 24, p. 48, as EPA continues to support partners in their efforts to improve industrial processes and 

share best practices. 

FLUORINATED Greenhouse GAS PROGRAMS

13 These are emissions reductions from voluntary programs and do not include reductions from regulatory programs such as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program.
48

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

FGHG Emissions in MMTCO2

e

0

20

40

60

80

100

FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions 

of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012*

TABLE 18. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and Atmospheric 

Lifetimes of GHGs 

GREENHOUSE GAS

GLOBAL WARMING

POTENTIAL FOR 100 

YEARS

ATMOSPHERIC 

Lifetime (Years)

Carbon Dioxide 1 50 – 200

Methane 21 12 ± 3

Nitrous Oxide 310 120

Hydrofluorocarbons

HFC-134a

140 – 11,700

1,300

1.5 – 264

14

Perfluorocarbons 6,500 – 9,200 3,200 – 50,000

Sulfur Hexafluoride 23,900 3,200

Source: IPCC 1996

TABLE 19. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs

*EPA estimate made prior to 2010 industry reporting under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting program.

** Participation varies from 45% of net generating capacity for electric power systems to 100% for primary magnesium producers.

***Due to the global recession, lower production resulted in lower than forecast reductions.

Program 2010 Goal 2010 Achievement 2011 Goal

Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership (VAIP)

Industry Participation (% in program) 99 99 99

Annual Reductions (MMTCO2

e) 8.1 8.1* 8.1

HFC-23

Industry Participation (% in program) 100 100 100

Annual Reductions (MMTCO2

e)* 23.1 18.3* 22.0

Other Stewardship Programs

Industry Participation (% in program)** 50-100 50-100 50-100

Annual Reductions (MMTCO2

e) 25.3 23.1 27.5

Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD)

Industry Participation (% in program) — 7.8% 10.5%

Annual Reductions (MMTCO2

e) — 0.1 0.2

GreenChill

Industry Participation (% in program) — 16.0% 17.3%

Annual Reductions (MMTCO2

e) — 2.4 2.6

Total Reductions (MMTCO2

e) 56.5 52.0*** 60.4

% % %

% % %

% % %

* Figure does not include data from RAD or GreenChill programs.
49

Fluorinated greenhouse gas PROGRAMS

•	 Reduced direct GHG emissions by 8.1 MMTCO2e, which 

represents reduced PFC emissions of more than 

60 percent, and reduced direct carbon emissions more 

than 53 percent on a per-ton basis compared with the 

industry’s 1990 baseline.14

•	 Continued work with Australia, Canada, and China to 

implement PFC reduction strategies through training and 

a pilot project to demonstrate automated anode effect 

termination.

•	 Completed evaluation of non-anode effect PFC emissions.

The Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership (VAIP)

The Voluntary Aluminum 

Industrial Partnership (VAIP)

met its goal of reducing 

direct carbon intensity 

by 53 percent from 1990 

levels by 2010. The industry’s successful strategy included 

optimizing the production process through technical and 

managerial improvements. Since 1995, EPA and the U.S. 

primary aluminum industry have worked together through 

VAIP, which now represents 98 percent of U.S. production 

capacity, to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions 

from aluminum production. PFC emissions of 

perfluoromethane (CF4

) and perfluoroethane (C2F6) are 

inadvertent byproducts of the smelting process, and 

emissions of CO2

 are caused by the consumption of the 

carbon anode. EPA supports partners by providing technical 

assistance to evaluate the factors that influence PFC 

emissions, sharing best practices, and recognizing partners 

for their commitment to cutting emissions.

Achievements in 2010

HFC-23 Emission Reduction Program

HFC-23 is a byproduct in the production of HCFC-22, a 

common commercial and residential air conditioning 

refrigerant. Through its partnership with 100 percent of the 

U.S. HCFC-22 industry, EPA encourages the development 

and implementation of feasible, cost-effective processing 

practices and technologies that reduce HFC-23 emissions. 

Since the partnership began in 1993, U.S. HCFC-22 

manufacturers have made significant progress in lowering 

emissions of HFC-23 through process optimization and 

thermal destruction. As a result, HFC-23 emissions intensity 

has dropped dramatically.15

•	 Reduced emissions by 18.3 MMTCO2e below what they 

would have been had production continued at 1990 

emissions intensity levels.16

Achievements in 2010

14 EPA estimate in advance of 2010 mandatory reporting through the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting program.

15 HFC-23 emissions intensity is the amount of HFC-23 emitted per kilogram of HCFC-22 manufactured.

16 EPA estimate made prior to industry reporting under the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting program.
50

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

SF6 is the most potent and persistent 

GHG—it traps 23,900 times more 

infrared radiation than the 

equivalent amount of CO2

 (see 

Table 18, p. 48). Used primarily by 

electric utilities, SF6

 is a gaseous 

dielectric for high-voltage circuit breakers and gasinsulated substations. As such, utilities nationwide have the 

opportunity to make a big difference in the nation’s emissions 

of SF6

. 

EPA partners with 83 electric power companies through the 

voluntary SF6

 Emission Reduction Partnership for Electric 

Power Systems. EPA works with the industry to share 

information about best management practices and costeffective operational improvements, such as detecting and 

repairing leaks, using recycling equipment, and educating 

and training employees. In addition to providing a means to 

actively address climate change, this program has helped 

partner companies reap financial savings through reduced 

SF6

 gas purchases. Members of the partnership represent 

47 percent of the total U.S. transmission system.

•	 Reduced emissions by 9.5 MMTCO2e, bringing average SF6

emissions rates down to 4.4 percent of the total equipment 

nameplate capacity. 

•	 Conducted a partners meeting on reducing SF6 emissions 

in Dallas, TX. Guest speakers reviewed the evolving 

national and state legislative and regulatory programs 

related to climate protection and GHG reductions. The 

2-day event, hosted by partner company Oncor, included 

a site visit to a state-of-the-art substation where SF6 

reduction techniques were demonstrated. 

•	 Continued to work with partners to update their SF6

reduction goals.

Achievements in 2010

•	 Reduced absolute FGHG emissions by 12.8 MMTCO2e 

or more than 30 percent below 1995 levels, while U.S. 

manufacturing continued to expand. 

•	 Achieved a 10-percent reduction in aggregate emissions 

by the end of 2010, meeting the objectives of the 2000 

WSC memorandum of understanding. 

•	 Promoted a new cooperative global electronics industry 

framework for comprehensively addressing climate 

change at the 2010 International High Technology 

Environment, Safety, and Health (IHTESH) conference in 

Taiwan. This expanded model of cooperation will facilitate 

information sharing among the major related electronics 

manufacturing sectors—such as semiconductors, liquid 

crystal displays (LCDs), microelectrical mechanical 

systems (MEMs), and photovoltaics—all of which are 

pursuing comparable climate protection goals.

Achievements in 2010

SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS

In 2000, the World Semiconductor 

Council (WSC) set the first industry-wide 

global GHG emissions reduction target. 

In 2010, EPA’s FGHG Reduction/Climate 

Partnership for the Semiconductor 

Industry met this goal by reducing 

aggregate emissions by at least 

10 percent below the 1995 baseline level. EPA established its 

partnership with the semiconductor industry in 1996 and has 

supported partners in their efforts to identify and implement 

FGHG-reducing process changes and manufacturing tool 

improvements for the production of integrated circuits. 

The industry has developed technological improvements in 

four key areas: process improvements/source reductions, 

alternative chemicals, capture and beneficial reuse, and 

destruction technologies. 

The semiconductor industry remains committed to climate 

protection. The present challenges for WSC and EPA include 

maintaining flexibility and dynamic leadership that takes into 

account emerging production centers in China, Malaysia, 

and Singapore, as well as expanding cooperation with 

related high-tech electronics manufacturing sectors.

The fluorinated greenhouse gas reduction/climate partnership for the

Semiconductor Industry
51

Fluorinated greenhouse gas PROGRAMS

The SF6 Emission Reduction 

Partnership for the Magnesium 

Industry brings EPA together 

with U.S. magnesium industry 

partners and the International 

Magnesium Association (IMA) to 

identify and adopt best management practices for reducing 

and eliminating emissions of SF6

. Launched in 1999, this 

partnership works to reduce SF6

 emissions from magnesium 

production and casting operations; more than 80 percent of 

the U.S. magnesium industry participates. The industry has 

made great progress in reducing emissions by optimizing 

equipment design and improving SF6

 gas management 

practices. Partners and IMA are working toward an 

ambitious goal, set in 2003, to completely eliminate their 

firms’ SF6 emissions.

•	 Reduced SF6 emissions equivalent to 0.7 MMTCO2e. 2010 

was the eleventh year in which EPA collected annual SF6

emissions reports from magnesium industry partners. 

•	 Maintained U.S. industry participation in the partnership, 

representing 100 percent of primary magnesium 

production and 80 percent of domestic casting and 

recycling capacity.

•	 Hosted a partnership webinar to review the status of the 

global reduction goal and discuss sector-specific climate 

protection options, including the challenges and benefits 

of switching to alternative melt protection technologies.

SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for the Magnesium Industry

Achievements in 2010

EPA launched the Responsible 

Appliance Disposal (RAD) 

Program in October 2006 to help 

protect the ozone layer and 

reduce GHG emissions. Partners 

go above and beyond the regulations to ensure the disposal 

of appliance foam and refrigerant from old refrigerators, 

freezers, window air conditioners, and dehumidifiers using 

the best environmental practices available. EPA also works 

with partners to prevent the release of hazardous materials 

like mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well 

as save landfill space and energy by recycling durable 

materials—eliminating the need to produce virgin materials. 

The RAD Program invites utilities, retailers, manufacturers, 

state and local governments, universities, and other 

qualifying organizations to become partners. 

EPA calculates stratospheric ozone benefits, climate 

benefits, and energy savings achieved by RAD partners. 

EPA also provides support for implementing and developing 

responsible appliance disposal programs and recognizes 

partners through press releases, brochures, and case 

studies on the RAD website.

Responsible appliance disposal (rad) program

•	 Avoided emissions of 0.1 MMTCO2e and over 400,000 

pounds of ozone-depleting substances through the 

proper disposal of more than 735,000 refrigerantcontaining appliances. 

•	 Welcomed West Virginia as the first RAD state affiliate 

to help promote the RAD Program through information 

dissemination and strategic outreach.

•	 Worked with the tribal community of Yakama Nation to 

collect and recycle 192 refrigerators and freezers using 

best practices. In addition to achieving environmental 

benefits, the pilot program provided short-term 

employment, financial incentives in return for refrigerator 

disposal, and education about proper waste disposal to 

the Yakama Nation community.

Achievements in 2010

2010

Annual Report
52

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

What To Expect in 2011 and Beyond for the FGHG Programs

•	 GreenChill partners have an average annual leak rate 

(13 percent) that is almost 50 percent lower than the 

national average annual leak rate (25 percent). 

•	 Partners have reduced GHG refrigerant emissions by a 

cumulative 157,000 metric tons since 2007, GreenChill’s 

baseline year.

•	 An average GreenChill store’s climate impact due to 

refrigerant leaks (464 MTCO2

e) was 55 percent lower than 

the national average store’s (1,052 MTCO2

e).

Achievements in 2010

The FGHG partnership programs will continue to work 

closely with their partners and implement strategies to keep 

emissions below baseline levels. EPA plans to: 

•	 Benchmark current emissions reduction options and 

costs for high FGHG emitters to support partnership and 

policymaking activities. 

•	 Where required, facilitate partner efforts to transition from 

voluntary to the mandatory emissions reporting required 

for calendar year 2011. 

•	 Host an International SF6 Emissions Reduction Conference 

for Electric Power Systems. 

•	 Support training programs to ensure electric power 

partners collect and report high-quality data. 

•	 Support efforts of the magnesium industry to globally 

eliminate emissions of SF6

 by demonstrating alternative 

melt protection technologies for primary producers and 

secondary ingot casters. 

•	 Maintain partnership efforts with HCFC-22 chemical 

manufacturers to continue to reduce emissions of HFC-23.

•	 Continue to recruit RAD partners and promote the 

disposal of refrigerant-containing appliances using the 

best available environmental practices.

•	 Continue to recruit additional GreenChill supermarket 

partners. Benchmark partner HFC and HCFC refrigerant 

emissions reductions. Facilitate partners’ transition to 

environmentally friendlier refrigerants and advanced 

technologies and practices. Encourage store design 

improvements to prevent emissions, rather than 

repair them.

EPA’s GreenChill Partnership works 

with the supermarket industry 

to reduce refrigerant emissions 

that harm the ozone layer and 

contribute to climate change. 

Supermarket refrigerant emissions 

are approximately 2,000 to 4,000 times more potent global 

warmers than carbon dioxide. Supermarkets leak about 

35 million pounds of these refrigerants annually.

GreenChill has three programs: the Corporate Emissions 

Reduction Program, the Store Certification Program, and the 

Advanced Refrigeration Program. They help supermarkets 

transition to environmentally friendlier refrigerants, reduce 

the amount of refrigerant used, eliminate refrigerant leaks, 

and adopt green refrigeration technologies and best 

environmental practices. 

GreenChill’s Corporate Emissions Reduction Program currently 

has 54 partners with 7,300 stores—over 20 percent of the 

supermarket industry. The Store Certification Program 

encourages emissions reductions by setting standards 

for individual stores’ refrigerant leak rates, the types of 

refrigerant used, and the amount of refrigerant used. Stores 

that achieve GreenChill’s certification emit at least 65 percent 

less refrigerant than a typical store.

Greenchill Partnership
53

Demonstrating Progress

Demonstrating Progress: Measuring Results of the EPA Climate Protection Partnership Programs

EPA’s climate protection programs are an important component of the U.S. government’s strategy to 

address climate change. EPA is committed to documenting quantifiable program results and using wellestablished methods to estimate the benefits of its programs. For each program, EPA has a robust process 

in place to regularly review and improve the program evaluation approaches. 

The approaches used for each specific program are summarized in the sections below. They vary by 

program strategy, sector, availability of data, and market characteristics. To present the most realistic 

estimates of program benefits, EPA employs a common analytical framework across all of the individual 

program approaches:

•	 The benefits discussed represent the results attributable to EPA efforts above pre-existing trends or 

business-as-usual (BAU) scenarios. 

•	 Program methods address data quality, potential double counting with other EPA programs, freeridership, the efforts of third-party actors, and other program-specific market effects. 

•	 Where marginal uncertainty exists, EPA uses the best available information and best practices that yield 

conservative benefit estimates. 

•	 Cumulative estimated benefits reflect the stream of energy savings that will persist through 2020 due 

to investments made through 2010. For this analysis, EPA assumes no new investments will be made 

through its programs in 2011 or beyond. 

•	 Financial benefits are placed in present value terms.

Environmental and financial benefits for 2010 and the cumulative benefits through 2020 are summarized 

in Table 2 on page 5. The historical environmental benefits and cost effectiveness of these programs are 

summarized on pages 54 and 55 (see Table 20, p. 55). The information presented in this report is similar to 

much of the information used in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Program Assessment 

Rating Tool (PART), which found these EPA programs to be achieving their goals.
54

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

ENERGY STAR

EPA Programs Are Highly Cost-Effective Mechanisms for Reducing GHG Emissions

EPA’s climate protection programs are a very cost-effective approach for reducing U.S. GHG emissions. Moreover, it is clear 

from sources such as the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report and McKinsey’s study, “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 

How Much at What Cost?” that there are still great untapped opportunities for these programs to capture—meaning they 

will continue to be cost-effective far into the future. Every federal dollar spent on these partnership programs through 2010 

means:

•	 Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 3.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. 

•	 Savings for partners and consumers of more than $75 on their energy bills. 

•	 Private sector investment of more than $15. 

•	 A net savings of more than $60.

Through the ENERGY STAR program, EPA helps U.S. 

businesses and consumers save money and reduce GHG 

emissions by labeling energy-efficient products, raising 

the bar of energy efficiency in new home construction, 

and encouraging superior energy management practices 

in the commercial and industrial sectors. The methods 

for estimating the benefits of each of these strategies are 

described below.

Products

•	 Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR program 

are determined as those above and beyond established 

BAU purchases of these products.17 These sales are 

estimated by: 

 Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR 

qualifying products from participating product 

manufacturers as a condition of partnership and 

supplementing these data with industry reports on 

total annual product sales, as necessary. The data 

are screened and issues resolved.

 Using established BAU baselines for annual product 

sales for each product category. These baselines use 

historic data and expert judgment, and they typically 

reflect increasing market shares for efficient products 

and increasing product efficiencies over time.

 Applying a conservative estimate of the effect of 

market transformation to account for EPA efforts 

when product specifications are revised and qualified 

product shipments fall as manufacturers transition to 

the new specification.

•	 Annual energy savings are calculated using established 

values for the difference in annual energy use between a 

single ENERGY STAR product and a typically purchased 

product. For these values, EPA: 

 Assumes that ENERGY STAR qualified products just 

meet the ENERGY STAR thresholds, even though there 

are some products that exceed this levels.

 Assumes the typically purchased product meets 

minimum efficiency standards where standards 

exist or uses the average energy use for the product 

category where there are no standards.

 Supports primary data collection, such as product 

metering to collect power use information, where 

additional information is necessary to estimate 

energy savings.

 Uses product-specific lifetimes that vary from 4 to 

20 years. While those who purchase an ENERGY 

STAR qualified product are likely to replace it with 

one, EPA includes only a fraction of replacement 

purchases and investments in the program benefits.

•	 Peak power savings are estimated using product-specific 

factors that reflect the contribution of the annual energy 

savings from a product to peak load savings.

17 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Homan et al. 2011 and Weber et al. 2000. 
55

Demonstrating progress

PROGRAM

GHGs 

ADDRESSED KEY SECTOR(S)

SCOPE OF 

PARTNERS

AS OF 2010

GHG REDUCTIONS1

 (MMTCO2e)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

ENERGY STAR CO2

Residential, 

Commercial, 

Industrial

20,000 53.5 64.9 78.1 91.7 103.8 115.5 128.3 144.8 156.2 169.8 195.7

Climate Leaders All Commercial, 

Industrial 360 Climate Leaders’ reductions are reflected in the data shown for other programs.

State Climate and 

Energy Program CO2

State 

Government –– –– –– –– –– –– ––

CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY 2

Green Power 

Partnership CO2

State & Local 

Government, 

Commercial, 

Industrial

1,300

Combined 

Heat & Power 

Partnership

CO2

Commercial, 

Industrial 400

METHANE PROGRAMS

Natural Gas 

STAR CH4 Natural Gas 59% of 

industry 15.0 17.6 20.9 22.0 29.0 37.0 34.5 37.4 46.2 34.5 38.0

Coalbed Methane 

Outreach 

Program (CMOP)

CH4 Coal Mining –– 7.7 8.4 6.2 6.2 7.3 7.3 9.2 8.1 8.1 8.8 9.9

Landfill Methane 

Outreach 

Program (LMOP)

CH4

Waste 

Management 960 7.9 11.0 13.4 13.8 14.4 14.9 15.7 18.2 19.0 20.6 23.1

Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas PROGRAMS

Voluntary 

Aluminum 

Industrial 

Partnership

PFCs Aluminum 

Smelting

99% of 

industry 7.3 7.7 6.6 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.2 8.1 8.1

HFC-23 

Partnership HFCs Chemical Industry

100% of 

industry 17.2 18.7 16.5 22.4 23.5 22.7 25.7 25.7 26.8 18.3 18.3

Stewardship 

Programs SF6

 PFCs

Magnesium 

Production, 

Semiconductor 

Manufacturing, 

Electric Power 

Systems

50% – 

100% of 

industry

2.9 2.9 4.8 6.6 11.4 11.0 14.3 15.8 18.3 18.7 23.1

Responsible 

Appliance 

Disposal (RAD)3

HFCs

Utility, Retail, 

Manufacturer, 

State & Local 

Government

34 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

GreenChill 

Partnership3 HFCs Supermarket 

Industry 52 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.4

TABLE 20. Overview of EPA’s Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This Annual Report With GHG Reductions Since 2000

1

 These reductions reflect the most up-to-date data collected from EPA partners and may differ from reductions reported in previous annual reports.

2

 GHG reductions are for both the Green Power Partnership and Combined Heat and Power Partnership. 

3

 Does not incorporate climate benefits from ozone-depleting substances, which would result in an increase of 0.5 – 1.5 MMTCO2e. 

—: Not applicable

–– 2.2 3.7 7.3 11.7 13.6 17.6 22.4 23.8 26.4
56

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

•	 Net energy bill savings is the present value (PV) of energy 

bill savings minus the PV of any incremental cost of 

purchasing an ENERGY STAR qualified product above 

a standard model over the product lifetimes discussed 

above.18 All energy bill calculations use national sectorspecific fuel prices.

•	 Avoided emissions of GHGs for 2010 are determined using 

marginal emissions factors for CO2

 equivalency based 

on factors established as part of the U.S. government’s 

reporting process to the UN Framework Convention on 

Climate Change, as well as historical emissions data 

from EPA’s eGRID database.19 For future years, EPA uses 

factors derived from energy efficiency scenario runs of 

the integrated utility dispatch model, Integrated Planning 

Model (IPM®).20

New Homes

•	 EPA receives data quarterly from third-party verifiers 

(home energy raters) on the number of homes they 

verified to be ENERGY STAR, as a condition of program 

partnership. These raters abide by a set of quality 

assurance practices to ensure data quality. In addition, 

EPA reviews the submitted data and resolves any 

data irregularities.

•	 EPA recognizes that some new homes that qualify for 

ENERGY STAR are not a direct result of the program and 

that many homes built to ENERGY STAR levels due to 

the program are not labeled or reported to the program. 

Currently, EPA estimates the former number of homes to 

be lower than the latter.

•	 Annual energy savings are calculated using established 

values for the energy savings from a home that meets the 

ENERGY STAR specification relative to a home built to 

code. Energy bill savings are calculated using a similar 

approach as for products and average national energy 

prices for the residential sector. The average lifetime of a 

home for both energy and bill savings is 30 years.

•	 Peak power savings and avoided emissions of GHGs are 

determined using approaches similar to those described 

for products.

Commercial Buildings

•	 Annual electricity and natural gas savings are determined 

based on a peer-reviewed methodology developed for the 

commercial building sector.21 The methodology involves 

a counterfactual econometric analysis that forecasts 

state level electricity use in the absence of commercial 

building energy efficiency programs. Key determinants 

of electricity demand that are controlled for in the 

analysis include state energy prices, weather conditions, 

economic conditions, other federal programs—such 

as DOE’s Rebuild and Federal Energy Management 

Program (FEMP)—and the long-term U.S. trend in 

commercial sector electronic technologies. Once the 

net national change in electricity use due to publicly 

funded energy efficiency programs is calculated, ENERGY 

STAR accomplishments are differentiated from other 

national and regional demand-side management (DSM) 

and market transformation programs. The methodology 

used for 2010 is an update of two former peer-reviewed 

methodologies used by EPA; nevertheless, the results 

of all three methodologies yield consistent estimates of 

ENERGY STAR accomplishments.22

•	 The peak power savings are estimated using systemspecific factors that reflect the contribution of the energy 

savings from lighting and other building improvements to 

peak load savings.

•	 As with products, net energy bill savings reflect the 

incremental investment necessary to upgrade the building 

to ENERGY STAR specifications determined by using 

simple payback period decision criteria. EPA assumes 

most building and industrial facility improvements last 

at least 10 years and uses national commercial sector 

fuel prices.

•	 Avoided emissions of GHGs are determined using marginal 

emissions factors for CO2

 equivalency as with products.

Industry

Annual industrial electricity and natural gas savings are 

determined using a peer-reviewed methodology similar to that 

used for the commercial sector.23 The methodology distinguishes 

savings due to ENERGY STAR from those due to utility-run DSM 

programs and other market transformation programs such as 

DOE’s Industrial Technology Program (ITP). GHG emissions 

are calculated using marginal CO2

 equivalency emissions as 

with products. 18 Calculated using a 7% discount rate and 2010 perspective.

19 For more details on eGRID, see U.S. EPA 2011a. 

20 For more details on IPM, see U.S. EPA 2010.

21 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J. 2011a and 2007.

22 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J. 2011a.

23 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Horowitz, M.J. 2011b. For more details on previous methods see Horowitz, M.J. 2004 and 2001.
57

Demonstrating progress

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership

The CHP Partnership dismantles the market barriers stifling 

investment in environmentally beneficial CHP projects.

Program partners such as project owners voluntarily provide 

project-specific information on newly operational CHP 

projects to EPA. These data are screened and any 

issues resolved.

Energy savings are determined on a project-by-project 

basis, based on fuel type, system capacity, and operational 

profile. Estimates of the use of fossil and renewable fuels are 

developed, as well as the efficiency of thermal and electrical 

use or generation, as appropriate.

Emissions reductions are calculated on a project-byproject basis to reflect the greater efficiency of onsite CHP. 

Avoided emissions of GHGs from more efficient energy 

generation are determined using marginal emissions factors 

derived from energy efficiency scenario runs of IPM, and 

displaced emissions from boiler-produced thermal energy 

are developed through engineering estimates. In addition, 

emissions reductions may include avoided transmission and 

distribution losses, as appropriate.

Only the emissions reductions from projects that meet the 

assistance criteria for the program are included in the 

program benefit estimates. EPA also addresses the

potential for double counting benefits between this and 

other partnerships by having program staff meet annually to 

identify and resolve any overlap issues.

Green Power Partnership

The Green Power Partnership boosts supply of clean energy 

by helping U.S. organizations purchase electricity from 

eligible renewable generation sources. As a condition of 

partnership, program partners submit data annually on their 

purchases of qualifying green power products. These data 

are screened and any issues resolved.

Avoided emissions of GHGs are determined using marginal 

emissions factors for CO2

 derived from scenario runs of IPM.

The potential for double counting, such as counting 

green power purchases that may be required as part of a 

renewable portfolio standard or may rely on resources that 

are already part of the system mix, is addressed through a 

partnership requirement that green power purchases be 

incremental to what is already required.

EPA estimates that the vast majority of the green power 

purchases made by program partners are due to the 

partnership, as partners comply with aggressive green 

power procurement requirements (usually at incremental 

cost) to remain in the program. Further, EPA estimates that 

its efforts to foster a growing voluntary green power market 

have likely led to additional voluntary green power purchases 

that have not been reported through the program.

The Methane Programs

EPA’s methane programs facilitate recovering methane from 

landfills, natural gas extraction systems, agriculture, and coal 

mines, as well as using methane as a clean energy resource. 

The expenditures used in the program analyses include the 

capital costs agreed to by partners to bring projects into 

compliance with program specifications and any additional 

operating costs engendered by program participation.

Natural Gas STAR Program

As a condition of partnership, program partners submit 

implementation plans to EPA describing the emissions 

reduction practices they plan to implement and evaluate. 

In addition, partners submit progress reports detailing 

specific emissions reduction activities and accomplishments 

each year.

EPA does not attribute all reported emissions reductions 

to Natural Gas STAR. Partners may only include actions 

that were undertaken voluntarily, not those reductions 

attributable to compliance with existing regulations.

Emissions reductions are estimated by the partners either 

from direct before-and-after measurements or by applying 

peer-reviewed emissions reduction factors.

Landfill Methane Outreach Program

EPA maintains a comprehensive database of the operational 

data on landfills and landfill gas energy projects in the United 

States. The data are updated frequently based on information 

submitted by industry, the Landfill Methane Outreach 

Program’s (LMOP’s) outreach efforts, and other sources.

Reductions of methane that are the result of compliance 

with EPA’s air regulations are not included in the program 

estimates. In addition, only the emissions reductions from 

projects that meet the LMOP assistance criteria are included 

in the program benefit estimates.

The Clean Energy Supply Programs
58

ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2010 Annual Report

Due to the small pool of potential partners for the FGHG 

programs, financial expenditures and savings are the 

proprietary information of program partners and are not 

included in the summary of economic benefits.

Voluntary Aluminum Industry Partnership

VAIP partners agree to report aluminum production and 

anode effect frequency and duration in order to estimate 

annual FGHG emissions. 

Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions to 

a BAU baseline that uses the industry’s 1990 emissions rate. 

Changes in the emissions rate (per ton production) are used 

to estimate the annual GHG emissions and reductions that 

are a result of the program. 

The aluminum industry began making significant efforts to 

reduce FGHG emissions as a direct result of EPA’s climate 

partnership program. Therefore, all reductions achieved by 

partners are assumed to be the result of the program.

HFC-23 Emission Reduction Program

Program partners report HCFC-22 production and HFC-23 

emissions to a third party that aggregates the estimates and 

submits the total estimates for the previous year to EPA. 

Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions to 

a BAU baseline that uses the industry’s 1990 emissions rate. 

Changes in the emissions rate are used to estimate the annual 

GHG emissions and reductions that are a consequence of 

the program. 

Subsequent to a series of meetings with EPA, industry began 

making significant efforts to reduce HFC-23 emissions. All U.S. 

producers participate in the program; therefore, all reductions 

achieved by manufacturers are assumed to be the result of 

the program.

Environmental Stewardship Programs

EPA’s Environmental Stewardship Programs include the 

FGHG Partnership for the Semiconductor Industry and the 

SF6

 Partnerships for Electric Power Systems and Magnesium 

Industries. Partners report emissions and emissions 

reductions based on jointly developed estimation methods 

and reporting protocols. Data collection methods are sector 

specific, and data are submitted to EPA either directly or 

through a designated third party. 

Reductions are calculated by comparing current emissions 

to a BAU baseline, using industry-wide or company-specific 

emissions rates in a base year. The reductions in emissions 

rates are used to calculate the overall GHG emissions 

reductions from the program. 

The share of the reductions attributable to EPA’s programs 

is identified based on a detailed review of program activities 

and industry-specific information.

Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program

As a condition of partnership, RAD partners submit annual 

data to EPA on their achievements. Submitted data includes 

the number and type of appliances collected and processed 

as well as the quantity and fate of the individual components. 

GHG reductions are calculated by measuring the emissions 

avoided by recovering refrigerant, foam blowing agents, 

and recycling durable components in addition to the 

energy savings from early appliance retirement from 

utility programs.

GreenChill Partnership

Partner emissions reductions are calculated both yearto-year and aggregate. Partners set annual refrigerant 

emissions reduction goals and submit refrigerant 

management plans to detail their reduction initiatives.

The Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Programs

EPA uses emissions factors that are appropriate to the 

project. The factors are based on research, discussions with 

experts in the landfill gas industry, and published references.

Coalbed Methane Outreach Program

Through collaboration with the U.S. Mine Safety & Health 

Administration, state oil and gas commissions, and the 

mining companies themselves, EPA collects mine-specific 

data annually and estimates the total methane emitted from 

the mines and the quantity of gas recovered and used.

There are no regulatory requirements for recovering 

and using CMM; such efforts are entirely voluntary. EPA 

estimates CMM recovery attributable to its program activities 

on a mine-specific basis, based on the program’s interaction 

with each mine.
59

List of Figures

FIGURE 1. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR Benefits Have More Than Tripled ................................................................................................ 4

FIGURE 2. U.S. CO2

 Emissions by Sector and Non-CO2 Gases by Percent of Total GHGs ..................................................................... 5

FIGURE 3. U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel Type..................................................................................................................................... 6

FIGURE 4. GHG Emissions Reductions Exceed 345 MMTCO2

e—Equivalent to Emissions From 81 Million Vehicles....................... 6

FIGURE 5. About 3.5 Billion ENERGY STAR Qualified Products Purchased Since 2000....................................................................... 13

FIGURE 6. Awareness of ENERGY STAR Growing in the United States ................................................................................................. 16

FIGURE 7. ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homes Gaining Market Share ............................................................................................... 20

FIGURE 8. Nearly 1.2 Million Homes Nationwide Have Earned the ENERGY STAR Label................................................................... 21

FIGURE 9. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Spreads Across the Country .............................................................................. 21

FIGURE 10. More Than 12,600 Buildings Have Earned the ENERGY STAR............................................................................................... 24

FIGURE 11. 2010 National Building Competition Progress Over Time....................................................................................................... 25

FIGURE 12. Steady Growth in Building Space Benchmarked and Certified ............................................................................................ 25

FIGURE 13. Amount of Floor Space With an ENERGY STAR Score by State ........................................................................................... 26

FIGURE 14. Improvement in U.S. Cement Plant Energy Performance, 1997 – 2008 ................................................................................ 28

FIGURE 15. The 183 Climate Leaders Partners by Sector........................................................................................................................... 31

FIGURE 16. Climate Leaders Small Business Network Members ............................................................................................................. 31

FIGURE 17. GHG Emissions Avoided by EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs...................................................................................... 32

FIGURE 18. Green Power Purchases and Avoided GHG Emissions .......................................................................................................... 33

FIGURE 19. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Methane Emissions Below 1990 Levels Through 2020 .............................. 39

FIGURE 20. Natural Gas STAR Cumulative GHG Emissions Reductions and Gas Savings.................................................................... 40

FIGURE 21. Direct Use and Electric Capacity of LMOP-Assisted Projects.............................................................................................. 44

FIGURE 22. Landfill Gas (LFG) Energy Projects Across the Country ......................................................................................................... 45

FIGURE 23. GHG Reductions From U.S.-Supported GMI Projects............................................................................................................. 46

FIGURE 24. Partner Actions Are Projected To Maintain Emissions of Fluorinated Gases Below 1990 Levels Through 2012 ......... 48
60

List of Tables

TABLE 1. Market Barriers Addressed by EPA's Climate Partnership Programs .................................................................................... 3

TABLE 2. Annual and Cumulative Benefits From Partner Actions Through 2010 (in Billions of 2010 Dollars and MMTCO2

e)........ 5

TABLE 3. Long-term GHG Reduction Goals for EPA Climate Partnership Programs (MMTCO2

e)........................................................ 7

TABLE 4. ENERGY STAR Program Achievements Exceed Goals in 2010.................................................................................................. 9

TABLE 5. ENERGY STAR Key Program Indicators, 2000 and 2010 ........................................................................................................... 11

TABLE 6. ENERGY STAR Award Winners .................................................................................................................................................... 12

TABLE 7. ENERGY STAR Product Specifications Added, Revised, and In Progress ............................................................................ 14

TABLE 8. EPA Maintains Efficiency Standards With 165 Product Specifications and Revisions ...................................................... 18

TABLE 9. EPA ENERGY STAR Industrial Focuses on Energy .................................................................................................................... 28

TABLE 10. EPA Expands ENERGY STAR for Superior Energy Management of Industrial Plants.......................................................... 29

TABLE 11. Climate Leaders Key Program Indicators, 2004 – 2010 (Cumulative) ..................................................................................... 31

TABLE 12. 2010 EPA Green Power Leadership Awards............................................................................................................................... 33

TABLE 13. U.S. CHP Capacity and Partnership Market Share ................................................................................................................... 35

TABLE 14. 2010 ENERGY STAR Combined Heat and Power Awards......................................................................................................... 35

TABLE 15. EPA's Methane Programs Meet and Surpass Goals ................................................................................................................ 40

TABLE 16. 2010 Natural Gas STAR Awards ................................................................................................................................................... 41

TABLE 17. 2010 Landfill Methane Outreach Program Awards ................................................................................................................... 45

TABLE 18. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and Atmospheric Lifetimes of GHGs ............................................................................ 48

TABLE 19. Goals and Achievements of EPA's FGHG Programs ................................................................................................................. 48

TABLE 20. Overview of EPA's Climate Partnership Programs Reviewed in This Annual Report With GHG Reductions

 Since 2000 ........................................................................................................................................................................................55
61

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electricity/epa/epa_sum.html

EIA. 2006. 2003 CBECS Detailed Tables. Table C4A. Expenditures for 

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detailed_tables_2003.html

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Industrial Sector for 2010.” Technical Memorandum to EPA November 

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States from the 1970s to 2003.” The Energy Journal, Vol 28, Summer 

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Market and Public Program Effects.” The Energy Journal, Vol 25, 

Spring (2):115-137.

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Energy Efficient Lighting and EPA’s Green Lights.” The Energy Journal,

Vol 22, Fall (4):95-122.

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References

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