ex_232263.htm


 


Exhibit 4.1


 


DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES

REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


 


The following is a description of the common stock, $0.001 par value (“Common Stock”) of AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”), which is the only security of the Company registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The following summary description is based on the provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), and the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). The description is intended as a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. Our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


 


Authorized Capital Stock


 


Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value (“Preferred Stock”). The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our Common Stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our Preferred Stock that we may designate in the future. As of December 31, 2020, we have no shares of Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. For a complete description of the terms and provisions of the Company’s Preferred Stock refer to our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.


 


Common Stock


 


Voting Rights. Each holder of our Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors. In all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person, by remote communication, or represented by proxy at a meeting of the stockholders and entitled to vote generally on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person, by remote communication, or represented by proxy at a meeting of the stockholders and entitled to vote generally on the election of directors. Our stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the voting shares are able to elect all of the directors to be elected at any particular time.


 


Dividends. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding Preferred Stock, holders of our Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine.


 


Liquidation. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our Common Stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any then outstanding shares of Preferred Stock.


 





 










 








 


Rights. Holders of our Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription or other rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our Common Stock.


 


Fully Paid and Nonassessable. All of our outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and nonassessable.


 


Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware Law


 


Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws include a number of provisions that may deter or impede hostile takeovers or changes of control or management. These provisions include:


 


	
			 

				
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			Issuance of undesignated Preferred Stock. Under our Certificate of Incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of undesignated Preferred Stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by the board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock enables our board of directors to make it more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.

			



 


	
			 

				
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			Classified board. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides for a classified board of directors consisting of three classes of directors, with staggered three-year terms. Only one class of directors will be elected at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms. This provision may have the effect of delaying a change in control of the board.

			



 


	
			 

				
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			Board of directors vacancies. Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws authorize only our board of directors to fill vacant directorships. In addition, the number of directors constituting our board of directors may be set only by resolution adopted by a majority vote of our entire board of directors. These provisions prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees.

			



 


	
			 

				
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			Stockholder action; special meetings of stockholders. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our stockholders may not take action by written consent and may only take action at annual or special meetings of our stockholders. Stockholders will not be permitted to cumulate their votes for the election of directors. Our Bylaws further provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by a majority of our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors, or our chief executive officer. These provisions may prevent stockholders from corporate actions as stockholders at times when they otherwise would like to do so.

			



 


	
			 

				
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			Advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and director nominations. Our Bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders. Our Bylaws also specify certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may make it more difficult for our stockholders to bring matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate directors at our annual meeting of stockholders.

			



 





 










 








 


These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continued stability in the composition of our board of directors and its policies and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened acquisition of us. These provisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited acquisition proposal. The provisions also are intended to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, these provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our shares and, as a consequence, they may also reduce fluctuations in the market price of our shares that could result from actual or rumored takeover attempts.


 


Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law


 


We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL (“Section 203”) regulating corporate takeovers. This section prevents some Delaware corporations from engaging, under some circumstances, in a business combination, which includes a merger or sale of at least 10% of the corporation’s assets with any interested stockholder, meaning a stockholder who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock, unless:


 


	
			 

				
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			the transaction is approved by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder;

			



 


	
			 

				
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			upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder’s becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or

			



 


	
			 

				
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			at or subsequent to such time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

			



 


In general, Section 203 defines “business combination" to include the following:


 


	
			 

				
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			any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

			



 


	
			 

				
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			any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

			



 


	
			 

				
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			subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

			



 





 










 








 


	
			 

				
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			any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

			



 


	
			 

				
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			the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation. 

			



 


In general, Section 203 defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.


 


A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of these provisions with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or bylaws resulting from a stockholders’ amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares. We have not “opted out” of these provisions and do not plan to do so. The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire us.


 


Transfer Agent and Registrar


 


The transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock is Computershare, Inc.: 1-800-736-3001. The transfer agent's address is 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021.