SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ®

6220 CULEBRA ROAD i POST OFFICE DRAWER 28510 i SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, USA 78228-0510 i (210) 684-5111 i WWW.SWRI.ORG 

ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION HTTP://ENGINEANDVEHICLE .SWRI.ORG

FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 9001 Certified 

ISO 14001 Certified 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC i ANN ARBOR, MI 

February 15, 2009 

Brian H. West 

Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

NTRC Building 

2360 Cherahala Boulevard 

Knoxville, TN 37932 

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 4 for the Period January 1, through January 31, 2009; 

for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol 

Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456, 

SwRI Project 03.14530. 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

 The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and 

E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting catalyst and oxygen sensor temperatures. This project will also 

generate valuable data on vehicle emissions and performance. 

Vehicles selected for this study will include a wide range of manufacturers across several 

model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehicles that have been identified 

as having leaner and hotter operation on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open 

throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large 

numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknown open-loop fuel control at WOT 

may also be selected. 

 In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three 

levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, and E20) and compare emissions and vehicle 

performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service 

accumulation and emissions testing are to be performed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. 

For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged and emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, 

E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three added service accumulation 

levels: 0 miles, 25,000 miles, and at the end of the vehicle’s full-useful life (or 50,000 miles, 

whichever is greater). 

2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1-31, 2009 

2.1 Honda Accords 

The Honda Accord test vehicles underwent wide-open-throttle (WOT) performance and 

FTP emissions testing with project fuels. Preliminary WOT test results have begun preparation 

for posting to the project ftp site. 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

February 15, 2009 

Page 2 of 7 

 Federal Test Procedure emissions data for the Accords run on the E0, E10, E15, and E20 

emissions test fuels are provided Table 1. Some of the Honda Accord FTP emissions tests 

conducted on the E0 fuel and reported in the previous progress report were rerun, and the new 

test results are provided below (Table 1). Calculated non-methane organic gas (NMOG) values 

and the alcohols and aldehydes emissions data are still being processed. 

TABLE 1. HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTS 

FTP Composite 

Test Emissions, g/mi 

Ref. Year Make Model 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NOX 

Fuel 

Economy,

mi/gal 

1 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.031 0.192 0.014 26.2 

2 

2007 Honda Accord ORHA0 

OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T9 

E0 

0.037 0.257 0.019 26.0 

3 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.030 0.289 0.016 25.7 

4 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T9 

E0 

0.030 0.272 0.018 26.3 

5 OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T6 0.021 0.172 0.017 26.0 

6 

2007 Honda Accord ORHA10 

OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T7 E10 0.022 0.061 0.016 25.7 

7 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.025 0.172 0.014 26.7 

8 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T3 

E0 

0.025 0.183 0.012 26.8 

9 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T2 0.019 0.130 0.015 26.2 

10 

2007 Honda Accord ORHA15 

OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 E15 0.016 0.109 0.014 26.2 

11 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T3 0.027 0.199 0.019 27.2 

12 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T4 

E0 

0.024 0.173 0.014 27.1 

13 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T5 0.023 0.140 0.023 26.3 

14 

2007 Honda Accord ORHA20 

OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T6 E20 0.021 0.137 0.016 25.7 

 Honda Accord ORHA0 Standard Road Cycle (SRC) Set-up: Honda Accord ORHA0 was 

set-up for service accumulation on one of the SwRI mileage accumulation dynamometers. 

Engine parameters and exhaust system temperatures were measured while operating over the 

standard road cycle (SRC). SRC set-up data for vehicle ORHA0 are provided in Appendix A. 

Data collected includes SRC exhaust system temperatures versus test time and engine parameters 

during two heavy accelerations. It was observed that that the air-fuel ratio (AFR) goes “open 

loop” (fuel rich) during these two heavy accelerations. As desired, the road load force (in units 

of lbf) of the mileage accumulation dynamometer is reaching the road load set point. Figure 1 

shows Honda Accord on the MAD. 

 Honda Accord Long-Term Fuel Trim1

 Data: Long-term fuel trim data was recorded with 

fuel E0 from Honda Accord ORHA0 with the engine idling both in Park and in Drive. 

 

1 Fuel trims refers to dynamic adjustments that are made to the base fueling table to maintain a stoichiometric engine airfuel ratio. Short-term fuel trim refers to adjustments being made in response to quickly changing engine operating 

conditions. Long-term fuel trim is used to adjust for engine operating conditions that are present over much longer periods 

of time. Fuel trims are expressed as a percentage of base injector fuel flow; positive values indicate lean fuel-to-air 

conditions (fuel trim to add fuel) and negative values indicate rich fuel-to-air conditions (fuel trim to subtract fuel). 

Fuel trim is generally calculated using engine and vehicle sensor data, including data from exhaust gas oxygen sensors, 

intake air temperature and pressure sensors, the engine coolant temperature sensor, the engine knock sensor, and vehicle 

operating conditions like engine load, throttle position, rate-of-change in throttle position, and even battery voltage. Longterm fuel trim generally does not exceed plus or minus 10 to 12 percent, but values can very significantly between 

calibrations and vehicle manufacturers.
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

February 15, 2009 

Page 3 of 7 

Additional fuel trim data was recorded with E20 fuel on vehicles ORHA0 and ORHA20 (vehicle 

ORHA0 still had fuel E20 in the tank following the completion of the E20 wide-open throttle 

performance test). Long-term fuel trim data was also recorded on Vehicle ORHA0 during the 

set-up of the EPA Standard Road Cycle (SRC). Data was taken during the 45 second idle (in 

drive) of the SRC. All fuel trim data available to date are given in Appendix B. Long-term fuel 

trim data from vehicles ORHA10 and ORHA15 will be taken and reported during the next 

reporting period. 

FIGURE 1. HONDA ACCORD ORHA0 ON THE MILEAGE ACCUMULATION 

DYNAMOMETER 

 Honda Accord long-term fuel trim data has been recorded during several FTP emissions 

tests. These data are being processed for posting to the project ftp web site. 

 

2.2 Chevrolet Silverados 

As-received long-term fuel trims for each of the four Chevrolet Silverados were recorded 

with a code scanner at the end of the previous reporting period. Silverado long-term fuel trim 

readings were recorded under the following conditions: engine idle in drive, engine idle in park, 

wide-open throttle torque converter stall, engine idle in drive (again), and engine-off/key-on. 

The Silverado as-received long-term fuel trim results are given in Appendix B. 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

February 15, 2009 

Page 4 of 7 

 Emissions dynamometer road load coefficients were derived for each of the four 

Chevrolet Silverados. A single set of dynamometer road load set coefficients (a, b, and c) were 

determined and will be used for all FTP emissions tests on the four Silverado vehicles. 

 Federal Test Procedure emissions check-out tests were performed with project E0 

emissions test fuel. The emissions tests showed the Silverados were operating properly and they 

have been accepted for use in the program. A summary of the Silverado FTP check-out 

emissions tests is given in Table 2. 

TABLE 2. CHEVROLET SILVERADO CHECK-OUT EMISSIONS TESTS 

FTP Composite 

Test Emissions, g/mi 

Ref. Year Make Model 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NOX 

Fuel 

Economy,

mi/gal 

1 ORCS0 OR-CS00-1-C-E0-0k-T1 0.066 0.589 0.023 15.8 

2 ORCS10 OR-CS10-1-C-E0-0k-T1 0.068 0.827 0.028 15.8 

3 ORCS15 OR-CS15-1-C-E0-0k-T1 0.070 0.817 0.027 16.1 

4 

2006 Chevrolet Silverado 

ORCS20 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-0k-T1 

E0 

0.066 0.918 0.024 16.0 

 The Silverado test vehicles then underwent exhaust system modifications that included 

thermocouple installations and installation of laboratory air-fuel ratio sensors. The Silverados 

began WOT vehicle testing on E0 and E20 fuels during the current reporting period. Wide-openthrottle test data reduction has begun, and results will be posted to the project ftp web site when 

complete. 

2.3 E0 Base Fuel Procurement Precautions 

 SwRI is working with a local fuel transport company to procure regular unleaded fuel 

batches for vehicle mileage accumulation. Top Tier E0 fuel is being purchased from a single 

terminal in Victoria, Texas. This terminal is anticipated to have E0 fuel available for longest 

period of time. During the October 29, 2008, Project Kick-Off Meeting, several fuel company 

representatives warned that E0 gasoline might not be available in the San Antonio area for the 

duration of the program. 

 To ensure that project E0 mileage accumulation fuel contains no ethanol, tanker trucks 

are loaded and held at the transport company’s facility. A fuel sample is then taken and analyzed 

by SwRI to determine its ethanol content. Following SwRI approval of the fuel analysis, the 

tanker of fuel is delivered to SwRI. At SwRI, a 19,000-gallon hopper bottom tank (Tank 126) 

has been designated for the purpose of receiving and storing project E0 mileage accumulation 

fuel (RE0). 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

February 15, 2009 

Page 5 of 7 

2.4 Fuel Blending

Fuel blending of emissions test fuels E0, E10, E15, and E20 for the Honda Accords is 

complete. The results of the analytical evaluations of the Honda emissions test fuel blends are 

given in Appendix C. 

A separate set of emissions test fuels is in preparation for use with the Chevrolet 

Silverados. SwRI has received the E0 base gasoline for the emissions fuels for the Silverados. It 

is anticipated that there will be a sufficient quantity of emissions test fuels in these batches to test 

the Silverados and the next group of four vehicles. 

 Four tanker truckloads of Top Tier commercial regular unleaded fuel have been 

purchased for vehicle mileage accumulation. The results of the analyses of these fuel deliveries 

are given in Appendix C (pages C-2 and C-3). These base fuels were used to prepare mileage 

accumulation fuels RE0, RE10, RE15 and RE20. Service accumulation fuel RE0 did not require 

blending with ethanol. Four 4,000-gallon bulk storage tanks were used to stage or prepare fuels 

RE0, RE10, RE15 and RE20. The ethanol fuel blends prepared were analyzed for ethanol 

percent by volume. The ethanol volume percentages for the first group of service accumulation 

fuels RE0, RE10, RE15 and RE20 are provided in Appendix C. This first set of mileage 

accumulation fuels meets the requirements for use in the program. 

 Portions of the service accumulation RE0, RE10, RE15 and RE20 fuel batches were 

transferred to separate 500-gallon mileage accumulation dynamometer (MAD) auxiliary tanks. 

Mileage accumulation dynamometer auxiliary fuel tanks are shown in Figure 2. 

FIGURE 2. AUXILIARY MILEAGE ACCUMULATION DYNAMOMETER 500-

GALLON FUEL TANKS 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

February 15, 2009 

Page 6 of 7 

2.5 Vehicle Procurement 

 Oak Ridge specified two new vehicle models for this project. These vehicle models are 

the 2008 Ford Taurus with the 3.5L V6 engine and the 2008 Nissan Altima with the 2.5L four 

cylinder engine. Four of each of these vehicle models have been requested for procurement in 

this project. SwRI has identified and purchased these vehicles during the current reporting 

period. SwRI anticipates delivery of these vehicles the week of February 2, 2009. Oak Ridge 

vehicle specification requirements and the description of the vehicles purchased by SwRI are 

provided in Appendix D. 

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

 The Honda Accords will complete zero-mile emissions testing and will begin service 

accumulation on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers. Honda Accord WOT data 

processing will continue and data posting to the project ftp web site will be done when complete. 

 Chevrolet Silverado WOT data processing will continue. Blending of the ethanolcontaining test fuels E10, E15, and E20 for emissions testing with the Chevrolet Silverados will 

continue into February. Silverado FTP emissions testing with project fuels E0, E10, E15, and 

E20 will begin. 

 The Ford Taurus and Nissan Altima project vehicles recently purchased will be received 

by SwRI and then immediately undergo preparation for testing. The first of these vehicle models 

selected for emissions testing is anticipated to be run on the same emission test fuel batches as 

the Silverados. 

 Federal Test Procedure (FTP) fuel economy test results reported in this progress report 

are processed according to CFR 600.113-88 protocol. SwRI and ORNL will study this protocol 

and alternative fuel economy calculations for applicability to ethanol blend fuel economy 

calculations. 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

February 15, 2009 

Page 7 of 7 

4.0 CONCLUSION 

 If you have any questions regarding this project report, please contact Marty Heimrich at 

(210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org. 

Prepared by: Reviewed by: 

 

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White 

Manager Director 

Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research 

 and Development and Development 

/sat 

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI 

 Kevin Brunner, SwRI 

This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Southwest Research Institute®. 

Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report. 
APPENDIX A 

STANDARD ROAD CYCLE SET UP DATA 

HONDA ACCORD ORHA0 
A-1

Vehicle ORHA0

Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

Test Time (Seconds)

Vehicle Speed (MPH)

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

Temperature (C)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point (MPH) Exhaust @ Upstream O2

Exhaust Converter Inlet Converter Substrate Inlet 1

Vehicle ORHA0

Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

Test Time (Seconds)

Vehicle Speed (MPH)

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

Temperature (C)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point Converter Substrate 2

Exhaust @ Downstream O2 Exhaust Converter Out
A-2

Vehicle ORHA0

Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

Test Time (Seconds)

Vehicle Speed (MPH)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Fuel Trim (%) / AFR

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point TPS Long Term Fuel Trim Lambda Sensor AFR

The maximum value of TPS at WOT is 

92.52.

Vehicle ORHA0

Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900

Test Time (Seconds)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) / Temp [C/10] 

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Fuel Trim (%) / AFR

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point TPS

Substrate Temp (C/10) Long Term Fuel Trim Lambda Sensor AFR

The maximum value of TPS at WOT is 

92.52.
A-3

Vehicle ORHA0

Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1200 1205 1210 1215 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245 1250

Test Time (Seconds)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) / Temp [C/10] 

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Fuel Trim (%) / AFR

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point TPS

Substrate Temp (C/10) Exhaust Temp Downstream O2 [C/10] Long Term Fuel Trim Lambda Sensor AFR

The maximum value of TPS at WOT is 

92.52.

Vehicle ORHA0

Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080

Test Time (Seconds)

Vehicle Speed (MPH)

-1000

-750

-500

-250

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

Road Load Force (Lbf.)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point Vehicle TPS Road Load Force (Lbf.) RLF setpoint w/o grade
A-4

Vehicle ORHA0

Start Date: 1/29/2009 7:31:25 PM

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1200 1205 1210 1215 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245 1250

Test Time (Seconds)

Vehicle Speed (MPH)

-1000

-750

-500

-250

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

Road Load Force (Lbf.)

Vehicle Speed (MPH) Vehicle Speed Set Point Vehicle TPS

grade Road Load Force (Lbf.) RLF setpoint w/o grade
APPENDIX B 

LONG-TERM FUEL TRIM MEASUREMENTS
 B-1 Long Term Fuel Trim Chevrolet Silverado Long Term Fuel Trim Date Odometer Test Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 

As received 12/17/2008 27606 0 0 0 0 -3 -3 -3 -3 2 2 2 2 0 0 

Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank 

Left Bank Right Bank Idle in Drive ORCS0 Idle in Park Torque Conv Stall Idle i

Date Odometer Test Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 

As received 12/17/2008 14319 1 1 -2 -2 0 0 -4 -4 1 1 2 2 0 1 

Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank 

Torque Conv Stall Idle in 

ORCS10 Idle in Drive Idle in Park

Date Odometer Test

Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 

As received 12/17/2008 17121 2 2 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 3 3 4 4 0 0 

Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank 

Idle in Drive Idle in Park Torque Conv Stall Idle i

ORCS15

Date Odometer Test

Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 

As received 12/17/2008 17103 -3 -3 -1 -1 -7 -6 -6 -6 2 2 0 0 -4 -4 

Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank 

Idle in Drive Idle in Park Torque Conv Stall Idle in 

ORCS20
 B-2 Honda Accord Long Term Fuel Trim Date Odometer Test Fuel 

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Ma

After Zero Mile Emisions (E20 WOT) 1/20/2009 32026 0 E20 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 5Approx. 2,222 miles SRC w/E0 2/5/2009 34248 2222 E0 0.7 0

Idle in Drive ORHA0 Idle in Park Idle in Driv

Date Odometer Test Fuel 

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max

After Zero Mile Emisions (E10 FTP-75) 2/6/2009 34842 0 E20 2.3 2.3 3.1 3.9 2.3 2

ORHA20 Idle in Drive Idle in Park Idle in Driv
APPENDIX C 

TEST FUEL ANALYSIS 

Honda Accord Emissions Test Fuels 

Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels
C-1

E0 E10 E15 E20

GA/GB Code GA-6889 GB-6968 GB-6966 GB-6962

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20

Blend Tank 193

PPRD 75840 PPRD 76505 PPRD 76995 PPRD 76831

SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI

TEST METHOD UNITS FED Specs

MIN MAX

Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 75 95 88

5% °F 113

10% °F 120 135 127

20% °F 149

30% °F 175

40% °F 203

50% °F 200 230 222

60% °F 233

70% °F 244

80% °F 265

90% °F 305 325 319

95% °F 337

Distillation - EP °F 415 396

Recovery vol % 97.8

Residue vol % 0.8

Loss vol % 1.4

Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 58.7 61.2 58.7 57.6 56.7 56.25

Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7437 0.7484 0.7520 0.7537

Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 748.0 751.7 753.4

Reid Vapor Pressure ASTM D5191 psi 8.7 9.2 8.87

Oxygen ASTM D4815 wt % <0.1

Carbon ASTM D5291 wt % 86.31 82.99 81.45 78.61

Hydrogen ASTM D5291 wt % 12.98 13.22 13.09 13.09

Sulfur ASTM D5453 wt% 0.0015 0.0080 5.9 ppm

Sulfur (RE-RUN) 5.6 ppm

Lead ASTM D3237 g/gal 0.05 <0.001

Composition, aromatics ASTM D1319 vol % 35.0 29.7

Composition, olefins ASTM D1319 vol % 10.0 0.5

Composition, saturates ASTM D1319 vol % 69.8

Oxidation Stability ASTM D525 minutes No Break

Research Octane Number ASTM D2699 93.0 97.1

Motor Octane Number ASTM D2700 88.5

Sensitivity 7.5 8.6

Net Heating Value, btu/lb ASTM D240 btu/lb 18611 17853 17475 16970

DIPE ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

EtOH Vol% <0.1 10.04% 14.83% 20.82%

iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Total Oxygen Weight WT% 0 3.70% 5.46% 7.62%

SwRI Fuel Code

Oak Ridge Honda Accord Emissions Fuels

Test Fuel Code

Vehicle Fuel Codes

Sample Source

Analysis Location
C-2

RE0 * RE0** RE10 RE15 RE20

GA/GB Code GA-6947 GA-6947 GB-6971 GB-6972 GB-6973

ORHA0 ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20

Tanker 1 Tanker 2 Tank 140 Tank 143 Tank 146

PPRD 76271 PPRD 76501 PPRD 77355 PPRD 77378 PPRD 77

SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI

TEST METHOD UNITS

Existent Gums, mg/ 100 mL ASTM D381 mg/100ml

Unwashed WT First Run mg/100ml 17.0 18.5

Washed WT First Run mg/100ml <0.5 0.5

Unwashed WT Second Run mg/100ml 17.5 18.5

Washed WT Second Run mg/100ml 0.5 <0.5

Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 83 81

5% °F 98 101

10% °F 109 112

20% °F 130 137

30% °F 154 163

40% °F 183 189

50% °F 213 212

60% °F 242 233

70% °F 271 257

80% °F 303 285

90% °F 339 324

95% °F 361 350

Distillation - EP °F 404 395

Recovery vol % 97 98

Residue vol % 1 0.9

Loss vol % 2 1.1

DIPE ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

EtOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 9.75% 15.23% 20.83%

iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Total Oxygen Weight WT% <0.1 <0.1 3.62% 5.63% 7.69%

Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 60.3 59.2 58.5 58.20

Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7377 0.7420 0.7448 0.7461

Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 737.4 741.7 744.5 745.8

Sulfur ASTM D5453 ppm 39.7

* First tanker truck

** Second tanker truck

SwRI Fuel Code

Analysis Location

Vehicle Fuel Codes

Sample Source

Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels

Test Fuel Code
C-3

RE0 * RE0**

GA/GB Code

ORHA0 ORHA0

Tanker 3 Tanker 4

PPRD 76752 PPRD 77305

SwRI SwRI

TEST METHOD UNITS

Existent Gums, mg/ 100 mL ASTM D381 mg/100ml

Unwashed WT First Run mg/100ml 16.0 17.0

Washed WT First Run mg/100ml 0.5 <0.5

Unwashed WT Second Run mg/100ml 16.0 17.5

Washed WT Second Run mg/100ml 0.5 <0.5

Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 79 81

5% °F 93 92

10% °F 105 103

20% °F 126 124

30% °F 154 149

40% °F 181 178

50% °F 210 209

60% °F 238 236

70% °F 267 261

80% °F 304 290

90% °F 341 325

95% °F 365 351

Distillation - EP °F 414 399

Recovery vol % 97.5 96.5

Residue vol % 0.8 1.1

Loss vol % 1.7 2.4

DIPE ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1

ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1

EtOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1

iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1

iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1

MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1

MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1

nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1

nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1

sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1

TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1

tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1

tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1

Total Oxygen Weight WT% <0.1 <0.1

Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 60.8 61.4

Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7357 0.7334

Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 735.4 733.1

Sulfur ASTM D5453 ppm 51.1 48.4

* Third tanker truck

** Fourth tanker truck

Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels

Test Fuel Code

Vehicle Fuel Codes

Sample Source

SwRI Fuel Code

Analysis Location
APPENDIX D 

FORD TAURUS AND NISSAN ALTIMA VEHICLE SPECIFICATION 

REQUIREMENTS 
 D-1 ITEM REQUIREMENT Purchased Purchased Purchased 

VIN 1FAHP24W48G156334 1FAHP24W58G175717 1FAHP24W58G174230 1FAHP24W28G175013 VEHICLE MAKE Ford Ford Ford Ford VEHICLE MODEL Taurus SEL Taurus SEL Taurus SEL Taurus SEL VEHICLE YEAR 2008 2008 2008 2008 ODOMETER READING To be within 10K 17098 15662 17230 ENGINE FAMILY 8FMXV03.5VEP 8FMXV03.5VEP 8FMXV03.5VEP 8FMXV03.5VEP EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FAMILY 8FMXR0145KBK 8FMXR0145KBK 8FMXR0145KBK 8FMXR0145KBK ENGINE DISPLACEMENT 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI 3.5L, V6, DOC, SMPI EMISSION TYPE 49 State 49 State 49 State 49 State AXLE GEAR RATIO 2.77 2.77 2.77 2.77 OPEN CARRIER Yes Yes Yes Yes TRACTION CONTROL Traction Control Traction Control Traction Control Traction Control FLEXIBLE FUEL No No No No OEM WHEEL P215/60R17 P215/60R17 P215/60R17 P215/60R17 TRANSMISSION 6 Speed - A/T 6 Speed - A/T 6 Speed - A/T 6 Speed - A/T Four wheel drive N/A N/A N/A N/A 

Ford Taurus Vehicles
 D-2 ITEM REQUIREMENT Purchased Purchased Purchased 

VIN 1N4AL21E38N449596 1N4AL21E08C231286 1N4AL21E08C218263 1N4AL21E08C198208 

VEHICLE MAKE Nissan Nissan Nissan Nissan VEHICLE MODEL Altima Altima Altima Altima AVEHICLE YEAR 2008 2008 2008 2008 2ODOMETER READING To be within 10K 9935 10295 19517 ENGINE FAMIL

Y 8NSXV02.5G5A 8NSXV02.5G5A 8NSXV02.5G5A 8NSXV02.5G5A 

EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FAMILY 8NSXR0120PBA 8NSXR0120PBA 8NSXR0120PBA 8NSXR0120PBA ENGINE DISPLACEMENT 2.5L I4 2.5L I4 2.5L I4 2.5L I4 EMISSION TYPE 49 State 49 State 49 State 49 State 4REAR AXLE GEAR RATIO N/A N/A N/A N/A OPEN CARRIER No Traction control No Traction control No Traction control No Traction control FLEXIBLE FUEL No No No No OEM WHEEL P215/60R16 P215/60R16 P215/60R16 P215/60R16 TRANSMISSION CVT CVT CVT CVT Four wheel drive No No No No 

Nissan Altima Vehicles