Walton & Lonsbury Inc. HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD COVER SHEET

Name of Site: Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

EPA ID No.: MAD001197755

Contact Persons

Site Investigation: Weston Solutions, Inc. (WESTON)/ (978) 552-2100

Superfund Technical Assessment and

Response Team III (START)

3 Riverside Drive

Andover, MA 01810

(Ms. Carolyn Imbres and Mr. John F. Kelly)

Documentation Record: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (617) 918-1436

(EPA) Region I

5 Post Office Square, Suite 100

Boston, MA 02109-3912

(Ms. Nancy Smith)

Pathways, Components, or Threats Not Scored

The ground water and air migration pathways, and selected portions of the surface water migration 

pathway, were not scored in this Hazard Ranking System (HRS) documentation record because the scored 

portions of the surface water migration pathway and the soil exposure pathway are sufficient to qualify 

the site for the National Priorities List (NPL).

Ground Water Migration Pathway (not scored)

Previous investigations have documented a release of hazardous substances to ground water beneath and 

downgradient of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property that is at least partially attributable to source areas 

[23, pp. 44, 57, 68, 69, 80-91; 25, pp. 28-32; 30, pp. 5, 13-16]. Based on the location and proximity of 

the surrounding drinking water supply resources, no nearby drinking water supplies are known or 

suspected to have been impacted by a release from sources; therefore, this pathway has not been included 

in the HRS documentation record [36; 37]. However, hazardous substances have been detected in the 

ground water and therefore a threat may be present for the ground water migration pathway.

Surface Water Migration Pathway (components and threats not scored)

This HRS documentation record evaluates only selected components and threats of the surface water 

migration pathway. Available data indicate that hazardous substances from sources are released along 

two separate in-water segments, which form two separate branches to the surface water migration 

pathway and the segments join together within the Target Distance Limit (TDL) for the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. site [19, pp. 1-2, 6]. A documented release occurs via overland flow to a wetland located 

immediately downgradient (south) of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see the Surface Water 

Migration Pathway section of this HRS documentation record), and another release occurs via ground 

water-to-surface water flow at a probable point of entry (PPE) along Bliss Brook, east of the property. 

From the wetland south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, surface water continues to flow through 
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

a piped segment, prior to discharging to Bliss Brook south of the West Street bridge [19, p. 2]. Along the 

second in-water segment, after ground water emerges as surface water east of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property, surface water flows generally southerly along Bliss Brook, and then converges with the 

discharge from the piped segment south of the West Street bridge [19, pp. 1-2; 24, p. 46; 103, p. 2]. From 

the confluence of these two in-water segments, surface water flow for the watershed continues 

downstream along Bliss Brook and additional downstream surface water bodies constituting the TDL for 

the site (Bungay River and Ten Mile River, including Mechanics Pond) [19, pp. 1-2]. Sensitive 

environments (wetlands) are located along Bliss Brook both upstream of the confluence of the two inwater segments for the surface water pathway, as well as along downstream surface water bodies,

including Mechanics Pond [103, pp. 4-5, 8, 10].

This HRS documentation record only evaluates the release of hazardous substances via overland flow to 

the wetland located immediately downgradient (south) of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, with a 

PPE at the northern edge of the wetland, south of Source Nos. 1 and 2 [19, p. 2-3]. This HRS 

documentation record does not evaluate the remainder of the overland/flood hazardous substance 

migration path, downstream of this wetland. This HRS documentation record also does not evaluate 

potential impacts to wetlands located along Bliss Brook from a release via ground water-to-surface water 

east of the property, nor does it evaluate the remainder of the TDL for the surface water migration 

pathway downstream of the convergence of the two separate in-water segment branches south of the West 

Street bridge. These additional segments of the surface water pathway are not evaluated as part of this 

HRS documentation record due to the limited availability of supporting information at this time, and since

evaluation of the portions of the surface water migration pathway selected for inclusion, along with the 

evaluation of the soil exposure pathway, are sufficient to qualify the site for the NPL. 

However, previous investigations have documented a release of hazardous substances via ground waterto-surface water, releasing at the PPE east of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property along Bliss Brook, 

which is at least partially attributable to other previously identified source areas [23, pp. 44, 47, 57, 68, 

69, 80 - 91; 24, p. 46; 25, pp. 28-32; 30, pp. 5, 13 - 16]. Data from previous investigations indicate a 

potential release of hazardous substances to additional sensitive environments not evaluated in this record 

and located along the TDL for the surface water migration pathway. The previous investigations have 

documented hazardous substances in wetland sediments along these downstream surface water bodies; in 

addition, a potential fishery has been noted along the downstream surface water bodies but has not been 

fully documented/confirmed [23, pp. 33-40, 47, 69-70; 25, pp. 28-52]. Therefore, additional impacts to 

portions of the surface water migration pathway are suspected.

Air Migration Pathway (not scored)

Based on previous reports, a historical release of hazardous substances to air from the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. property has been documented [23, pp. 48, 61]. However, available information is limited 

and insufficient to document an observed release to the air migration pathway. Consequently, the 

resulting air pathway score would not likely contribute significantly to the overall site score; therefore, 

this pathway has not been included in the HRS documentation record. Based on current site conditions, it 

is unknown if a release of hazardous substance to air is a continuing threat to nearby receptors.
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 1 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD

Name of Site: Walton & Lonsbury Inc. Date Prepared: September 2012

EPA Region: I

Street Address of Site*: 78 North Avenue

City, County, State, Zip Code: Attleboro, Bristol County, Massachusetts (MA), 02703

General Location in the State: Southern MA

Topographic Map: U.S. Geological Survey, Attleboro, Massachusetts-Rhode Island 7.5-minute series 

Topographical Map. 1987 [11].

Latitude**: 41o 57' 27.3" North

Longitude**: 71o 17' 49.7" West

Scores

Air Pathway NS

Ground Water Pathway NS

Soil Exposure Pathway 100.00

Surface Water Pathway 60.00

HRS SITE SCORE 58.30

NS = Not Scored

* The street address, coordinates, and contaminant locations presented in this Hazard Ranking System 

(HRS) documentation record identify the general area the site is located. They represent one or more 

locations U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be part of the site based on the 

screening information EPA used to evaluate the site for National Priorities List (NPL) listing. EPA lists 

national priorities among the known “releases or threatened releases” of hazardous substances; thus, the 

focus is on the release, not precisely delineated boundaries. A site is defined as where a hazardous 

substance has been “deposited, stored, placed, or otherwise come to be located.” Generally, HRS scoring 

and the subsequent listing of a release merely represent the initial determination that a certain area may 

need to be addressed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and 

Liability Act (CERCLA). Accordingly, EPA contemplates that the preliminary description of facility 

boundaries at the time of scoring will be refined as more information is developed as to where the 

contamination has come to be located.

** The geographic coordinates of the site were measured from the approximate center of the source areas 

identified on the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, located at 78 North Avenue, Attleboro, Bristol 

County, MA [10-13; 65]. See Figure 2 for the location of the latitude and longitude measurement point. 

Note that additional source areas have been identified at locations south and southeast of the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. property (see Figure 2).
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 2 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

WORKSHEET FOR COMPUTING HRS SITE SCORE

S S2

1. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (Sgw) NS NS

2. Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component

(from Table 4-1, line 30) 60 3,600

3. Soil Exposure Pathway Score (Ss)

(from Table 5-1, line 22) 100 10,000

4. Air Migration Pathway Score (Sa)

(from Table 6-1, line 12) NS NS

5. Total of Sgw

2 + Ssw2 + Ss2 + Sa2

13,600

6. HRS Site Score

Divide the value on line 5 by 4 and take the square root 58.30
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 3 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

HRS Table 4-1 – Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Scoresheet

Factor Categories and Factors Maximum 

Value

Value

Assigned

Drinking Water Threat

Likelihood of Release:

1. Observed Release 550 550

2. Potential to Release by Overland Flow:

 2a. Containment 10 NS

 2b. Runoff 25 NS

 2c. Distance to Surface Water 25 NS

 2d. Potential to Release by Overland Flow (lines 2a x [2b + 2c]) 500 NS

3. Potential to Release by Flood:

 3a. Containment (Flood) 10 NS

 3b. Flood Frequency 50 NS

 3c. Potential to Release by Flood (lines 3a x 3b) 500 NS

4. Potential to Release (lines 2d + 3c, subject to a maximum of 500) 500 NS

5. Likelihood of Release (higher of lines 1 and 4) 550 550

Waste Characteristics:

6. Toxicity/Persistence (a) NS

7. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) NS

8. Waste Characteristics 100 NS

Targets:

9. Nearest Intake 50 NS

10. Population:

 10a. Level I Concentrations (b) NS

 10b. Level II Concentrations (b) NS

 10c. Potential Contamination (b) NS

 10d. Population (lines 10a + 10b + 10c) (b) NS

11. Resources 5 NS

12. Targets (lines 9 + 10d + 11) (b) NS

Drinking Water Threat Score:

13. Drinking Water Threat Score

([lines 5 x 8 x 12]/82,500, subject to a maximum of 100) 

100 NS

Human Food Chain Threat

Likelihood of Release:

14. Likelihood of Release (same value as line 5) 550 550

Waste Characteristics:

15. Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation (a) NS

16. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) NS

17. Waste Characteristics 1,000 NS
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 4 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 

HRS Table 4-1 – Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Scoresheet (cont’d)

Factor Categories and Factors Maximum 

Value

Value

Assigned

Targets:

18. Food Chain Individual 50 NS

19. Population:

 19a. Level I Concentrations (b) NS

 19b. Level II Concentrations (b) NS

 19c. Potential Human Food Chain Contamination (b) NS

 19d. Population (lines 19a + 19b + 19c) (b) NS

20. Targets (lines 18 + 19d) (b) NS

Human Food Chain Threat Score:

21. Human Food Chain Threat Score 

([lines 14 x 17 x 20]/82,500, subject to a maximum of 100) 

100 NS

Environmental Threat

Likelihood of Release:

22. Likelihood of Release (same value as line 5) 550 550

23. Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation (a) 5 x 107

24. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) 10,000

25. Waste Characteristics 1,000 560

Targets:

26. Sensitive Environments:

 26a. Level I Concentrations (b) 0

 26b. Level II Concentrations (b) 25

 26c. Potential Contamination (b) NS

 26d. Sensitive Environments (lines 26a + 26b + 26c) (b) 25

27. Targets (value from 26d) (b) 25

Environmental Threat Score:

28. Environmental Threat Score

([lines 22 x 25 x 27]/82,500, subject to a maximum of 60) 60 60 (93.3) 

Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Score 

for a Watershed

29. Watershed Scorec

(lines 13 + 21 + 28, subject to a maximum of 100) 100 60 

Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Score

30. Component Score (Sof), (highest score from line 29 for all 

watersheds evaluated, subject to a maximum of 100) (c) 100 60 

(a) Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category.

(b) Maximum value not applicable.

(c) Do not round to nearest integer.
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 5 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

HRS Table 5-1 – Soil Exposure Pathway Scoresheet

Factor Categories and Factors Maximum

Value

Value

Assigned

Resident Population Threat

Likelihood of Exposure:

1. Likelihood of Exposure 550 550

Waste Characteristics:

2. Toxicity (a) 10,000

3. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) 10

4. Waste Characteristics 100 18

Targets:

5. Resident Individual 50 50

6. Resident Population:

 6a. Level I Concentrations (b) 980

 6b. Level II Concentrations (b) 0

 6c. Resident Population (lines 6a + 6b) (b) 980

7. Workers 15 0

8. Resources 5 0

9. Terrestrial Sensitive Environments (c) 0

10. Targets (lines 5 + 6c + 7 + 8 + 9) (b) 1,030

Resident Population Threat Score:

11. Resident Population Threat (lines 1 x 4 x 10) (b) 10,197,000

Nearby Population Threat

Likelihood of Exposure:

12. Attractiveness/Accessibility 100 NS

13. Area of Contamination 100 NS

14. Likelihood of Exposure 500 NS

Waste Characteristics:

15. Toxicity (a) NS

16. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) NS

17. Waste Characteristics 100 NS

Targets:

18. Nearby Individual 1 NS

19. Population Within 1 Mile (b) NS

20. Targets (lines 18 + 19) (b) NS

Nearby Population Threat Score:

21. Nearby Population Threat (lines 14 x 17 x 20) (b) NS

Soil Exposure Pathway Score

22. Soil Exposure Pathway Score (Ss), (lines [11 +21]/82,500, 

subject to a maximum of 100) (d) 100 100 (123.6)
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 6 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

HRS Table 5-1 – Soil Exposure Pathway Scoresheet (cont’d)

(a) Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category.

(b) Maximum value not applicable.

(c) No specific maximum value applies to factor. However, pathway score based solely on terrestrial 

sensitive environments is limited to maximum of 60.

(d) Do not round to nearest integer.
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 7 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

ACRONYM/ABBREVIATION LIST

% Percent

bgs Below Ground Surface

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 

1980

CERCLIS Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability 

Information System

CLP Contract Laboratory Program

COC Chain of Custody

cm/s Centimeters per second

CRQL Contract Required Quantitation Limit

DAS Delivery of Analytical Services

DPW Department of Public Works

EPA

EPRB

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Emergency Planning and Response Branch

ERRS

ft2

GIS

Emergency and Rapid Response Services 

square feet

Geographic Information System

GPR Ground Penetrating Radar

GPS Global Positioning System

HRS Hazardous Ranking System

ID Identification

MA

MassDEP

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection

MassDOT Massachusetts Department of Transportation

μg/L Micrograms Per Liter

mg/Kg Milligrams Per Kilogram

mg/L Milligrams Per Liter

NAIC

NE

No.

North American Industry Classification

Not evaluated

Number

NPL

NS

NWI

National Priorities List

Not scored

National Wetland Inventory

OSC On-Scene Coordinator

PPE Probable Point of Entry

ppb Parts Per Billion 

ppm Parts Per Million

QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan

RCA Resource Control Associates, Inc.

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RDL Reportable Detection Limit

SCDM

SOW

Superfund Chemical Data Matrix

Scope of Work

SI

SR

Site Investigation

Site Reassessment

START Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team III

TCA Trichloroethane

TCE Trichloroethene

TDL Target Distance Limit
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 8 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS United States Geological Survey

WESTON Weston Solutions, Inc.

XRF X-Ray Fluorescence

yd3 cubic yards
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

^_ 

^_ 

Walton & Lonsbury (W&L) Inc. Property 

1-Mile Radius 

Probable Point of Entry Number 1

(PPE No. 1) for Ground Water to

Surface Water release 

Branch of Surface Water

flow - Bliss Brook

Branch of Surface

Water flow - wetland 

south of the W&L Inc.

Property 

I-95 Interchange 

PPE No. 2 for overland

flow to area of open 

water/wetland 

Convergence of two

branches of Surface

Water flow 

I 

0 0.5 1

Miles

0 0.5 1

Kilometers 

9 HRS Documen

Sep 

tation Record

MAD001197755 

nc. 

tember 2012 

Figure 1 

11-10-0008 

G. Hornok 

20 January 2012 Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts 

Property Location Map 

EPA Region I

Superfund Technical Assessment and

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number: 

Created by: 

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on: 

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury I

Topos: MicroPath/USGS 2011

Quadrangle Name: Attleboro, MA

Parcel Data: Provided by Attleboro, MA [Ref. 66]

All other data: START data collected as part of the

2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18] 

Data Sources: 
^_

^_

Walton & Lonsbury (W&L) Inc.

Property Boundary

Walton Street

Staged Soil Piles

Probable Point of Entry 

Number 1 (PPE No. 1)

 for GW to SW release.

Approximate Area of EPA 

Residential Removal Action 

Paulette Lane

Latitude/Longitude

Measurement Point

PPE No. 2 for overland 

flow to area of open 

water/wetland Open Water

Branch of SW

 flow - Bliss Brook

West Street

Segment of piped SW 

flow - Drainage Pipe 

Trunk Line

Convergence of two 

branches of SW flow

Branch of SW flow - 

wetland south of W&L Inc.

 property.

Culvert

Deanville Road

Ground Water (GW) to Surface Water 

(SW) Flow Direction

North Ave.

#

#

Figure 2

11-10-0008

G. Hornok

20 January 2012 Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Overview Property Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

LEGEND

Drainage Pipe

Ground Water (GW) Direction

Surface Water Flow Direction

EPA Residential Removal Area

Approximate Property Boundary

Staged Soil Piles

Open Water

EPA Mapped Wetlands

PEM

PFO

PSS

PSS/PFO

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

MAD001197755

HRS Documentation Record

September 2012 10

0 0.05 0.1

Miles

Aerials: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information 

System) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data and partial drainage line data: Provided 

by the City of Attleboro in 2010 and 2011 [Ref. 22; 66]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded 

using GPS by START in 2012 [Ref. 103]

All other data: START data collected as part of 2012 Site 

Reassessment [Ref. 18]

Data Sources:

I
North Avenue

West Street

Deanville Road

Contaminated Soil Source Area C

Source No. 6

Contaminated Soil Source Area B

Source No.5

Contaminated Soil Source Area A

Source No. 4

Walton Street

Residential Pile

Source No. 2

Piles 5, 6, 7, and 8

Source No. 1

Surface Impoundment Area

Source No. 3

Pile 7

Pile 6

Pile 8

Pile 5

Figure 3

11-10-0008

B. Mace

29 March 2012

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Source Areas Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Aerials: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information 

System) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 

2010 [Ref. 66]

All other data: START data collected as part of 

2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 9; 18; 41]

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Approximate Property Boundary

Source Area

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

MAD001197755

HRS Documentation Record

September 2012 11

0 0.05 0.1

Miles

Note: See Figures 8, 9, and 10

for a more accurate depiction 

of sources 4, 5, and 6.

I
DEANVILLE ROAD ASHTON ROAD

ROUNDS PLACE

NORTH AVENUE

PAYSON STREET

WEST STREET

SOURCE NO. 6

SOURCE NO. 4

P-06-SS-07

P-22-SS-01A/B

P-22-SS-08

P-18-SS-04

P-14-SS-01

P-16-SS-04

P-16-SS-03

P-06-SS-08

SOURCE NO. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

Property

SO-01B

Residential Pile

SOURCE NO. 2 Pile 5

Pile 8

Pile 6 Pile 7

Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8

SOURCE NO. 1

Figure 4

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 March 2012

C. Imbres

10 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Overview of Background Surface Soil/Source 

Samples for Sources 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

LEGEND

Approximate Property Boundary

Approximate Source Area

Piles

!( Background Surface Soil/Source Samples

I

0 200 400 100

Feet

12

HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

MAD001197755

Data Sources:

Imagery: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic 

Information Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro 2010 

[Ref. 66]

All other data: Data collected by START and ES&M 

(Environmental Strategies & Management) as part of 

2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18]
!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

SO-08

SO-10

SO-11

SO-09

SO-13

SO-12

SO-06/SO-14

SO-05

SO-07

SO-04

SO-03 SO-02

WALTON STREET

NORTH AVENUE

Pile 6

Pile 7

Pile 5 Pile 8

Residential Pile

Source No. 2

Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8

Source No. 1

Figure 5

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 February 2012 Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Pile Sources 1 and 2 

Sample Location Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Source No. 1

Source No. 2

! Source Sample Locations

I

0 85 170

Feet

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

MAD001197755

HRS Documentation Record

September 2012 13

Note that the building depicted in the aerial

photograph was demolished as part of an EPA 

Removal Action and piles of excavated 

contaminated soils have been staged

in its place.

Aerials: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic 

Information Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

All other data: START data collected as part of the 

2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18] 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I 

LEGEND 

Approximate Property Boundary

Source Area 

Drainage Pipe 

Data Sources:

Aerials: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information

Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Source Area: Based on Nationwide Environmental Title

Research, LLC (NETR) Aerial,1961 [Ref. 90]

Parcel data and partial drainage line data: Provided

by the City of Attleboro in 2010 and 2011 [Ref. 22; 66]

All other data: START data collected as part of the

2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18]
 

HRS Documen

Sep 

tation Record 

Figure 6 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Surface Impoundment

Source 3 Map 

Area 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

MAD001197755 

11-10-0008 

G. Hornok 

20 January 2012 

EPA Region I

Superfund Technical Assessment and

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number: 

Created by: 

Created on:

Modified by: C. Imbres 

Modified on: 14 August 2012 

14 tember 2012 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

Property Boundary 

North Ave. 

Deanville Road 

Walton Street 

Surface Impoundment Area

Source No. 3 

Culvert 

0 0.02 0.04 0.08

Miles 
Walton Stree

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

") 

") 

") 

"S 

") 

") 

"S 

"S 

^_ 

SD-01C 

SD-03 

SD-04B/SD-08B 

SD-05A 

SD-06A 

SD-07A 

WEST STREET 

NORTH AVENUE 

SD-01D 

PPE No. 2 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

Property 

SD-09 

Aerials: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic

Information System) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and recorded by 

START using GPS in 2012 [Ref. 103]

Parcel data: Provided by City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

Source No. 3: Based on Nationwide Environmental

Title Research, LLC (NETR) Aerial, 1961 [Ref. 90]

All other data: START data collected as part of the 

2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18] 

Data Sources: 

LEGEND 

Approximate Property Boundary 

Surface Impoundment/Source Area 

Open Water 

^_ PPE No. 2 

EPA Mapped Wetlands 

"S Background Samples 

") Source Samples 

Overland Flow and Direction 

ton & Lonsbury Inc. HRS Documen

Sep 

tation Record 

MAD001197755 15 tember 2012 

Figure 7 

11-10-0008 

G. Hornok 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 20 January 2012 78 North Avenue 

Attleboro, Massachusetts 

Surface Impoundment Area Source 3 

Sample Location Map 

EPA Region I

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042 

TDD Number: 

Created by: 

Created on:

Modified by: 

Modified on: 

C. Imbres 

14 August 2012 

Wal

0 250125 

Feet 

I 
!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

DEANVILLE ROAD

NORTH AVENUE

P-04-SS-06

P-04-SS-03

P-06-SS-03

P-06-SS-02

P-09-SS-02

P-09-SS-07

P-07-SS-02/

P-30-SS-02

P-01-SS-02B

P-01-SS-03B

SOURCE NO. 4

Figure 8

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 March 2012

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Contaminated Soil Source 4 

Sample Location Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Imagery: MassGIS (Massachusetts 

Geographic Information Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded using

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103]

All other data: START/ES&M (Environmental Strategies

& Management) data collected as part of the 2012 Site

 Reassessment [Ref. 18]

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Wetlands/Water Cover

Additional Area of Approximate Water Cover

Source Area

!( Surface Soil/Source Samples

Approximate Parcel Boundaries

Inferred Boundary of Source Area

I

0 100 200

Feet

16 HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

MAD001197755

Note:

 Inferred boundary 

of source area; however, wetland 

areas are not considered part of 

contaminated soil Source No. 4. 
!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

ASHTON ROAD

P-03-SS-05

P-05-SS-06

P-05-SS-05

P-05-SS-04

P-17-SS-07A

P-05-SS-01

P-24-SS-04

P-20-SS-04A/

P-31-SS-04A

P-20-SS-01 P-19-SS-03

P-18-SS-09

P-18-SS-08

P-18-SS-07

ROUNDS PLACE

NORTH AVENUE

PAYSON STREET

P-17-SS-07B

!(!(

SOURCE NO. 5

Figure 9

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 March 2012

C. Imbres

10 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Contaminated Soil Source 5 

Sample Location Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Imagery: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic 

Information Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded using

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103]

All other data: START/ES&M (Environmental Strategies 

& Management) data collected as part of 2012

 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18]

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Approximate Area of Permanent Water Body (Bliss Brook)

Inferred Boundary of Source Area

Wetlands

Source Area

!( Surface Soil/Source Samples

Approximate Parcel Boundaries

0 90 180

Feet

17 HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

MAD001197755

Note:

 Inferred boundary 

of source area; however, wetland 

areas are not considered part of 

contaminated soil Source No. 5.

I
!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

WEST STREET

P-23-SS-06

P-21-SS-03

P-21-SS-04

P-22-SS-07

P-22-SS-10A

P-22-SS-09A

P-23-SS-02

SOURCE NO. 6

Figure 10

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 March 2012

C. Imbres

10 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Contaminated Soil Source 6 

Sample Location Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Imagery: Bing Maps Aerial (Microsoft Corporation) 2010

[Ref. 5]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded using 

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103]

All other data: START/ES&M (Environmental Strategies 

& Management) data collected as part of 2012 Site 

Reassessment [Ref. 18]

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Approximate Area of Permanent Water Body (Bliss Brook)

Wetlands

!( Surface Soil Samples

Approximate Parcel Boundaries

Inferred Boundary of Source Area

Source Area

I

0 50 100

Feet

18 HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

MAD001197755

Note:

 Inferred boundary 

of source area; however, wetland 

areas are not considered part of 

contaminated soil Source No. 6. 
")

")

")

"S

")

")

"S

"S

^_

SD-01C

SD-03

SD-04B/SD-08B

SD-05A

SD-06A

SD-07A

NORTH AVENUE

SD-01D

PPE No. 2

Walton Street

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

Property

SD-09

Wetland Perimeter = 0.811 miles

Figure 11

11-10-0008

G. Hornok

20 January 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Sediment Sample Location Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Aerials: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information 

System) February 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded using 

GPS by START in 2012 [Ref. 103]

All other data: START data collected as part of the 2012 

Site Reassessment [Ref. 18]

Data Sources:

I

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

0 250 500

Feet

HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

MAD001197755 19

LEGEND

^_ PPE No. 2

"S Background Samples

") Sediment Samples

EPA Mapped Wetlands

Wetland Perimeter

Open Water

Approximate Property Boundary

Overland Flow and Direction
NORTH AVEN

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NORTH AVENUE 

P-04-SS-06

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 225 (Map No. 59) = 48 feet 

P-04-SS-03

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 225 (Map No. 59) = 68 feet 

P-01-SS-02B

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 190A (Map No. 59) = 108 feet 

P-01-SS-03B

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 190A (Map No. 59) = 115 feet 

UE 

Eastern Edge of Source Area 

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 228 (Map No. 59) = 64 feet 

Figure 12 

11-10-0008 

B. Mace 

16 March 2012 

C. Imbres 

14 August 2012 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue 

Attleboro, Massachusetts 

Area of Observed Contamination, Area A 

Sample Location and Distance Map 

(Northern Portion) 

EPA Region I

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042 

TDD Number: 

Created by: 

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on: 

Imagery: Bing maps Aerial (Microsoft Corporation) 2010 

[Ref. 5]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded with

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in

2010 [Ref. 66]

All other data: Data collected by START/ES&M 

(Environmental Strategies & Management), and EPA 

as part of the 2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18;103] 

Data Sources: 

LEGEND 

Sample Distances 

!( Level 2 Samples 

!( Level 1 Samples 

Inferred Boundary of Area 

Wetlands 

Area of Observed Contamination 

Approximate Parcel Boundaries 

I 

0 100 200 

Feet 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. HRS Document ti

Note: 

Inferred boundary 

of area of observed contamination;

however, wetland areas are not 

considered part of this area. 

Sep 

a on Record 20 MAD001197755 tember 2012 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

!( 

!( 

!( 

!( 

!( 

DEANVILLE ROAD 

P-06-SS-03

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 220 (Map No. 59) = 20 feet 

P-06-SS-02

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 220 (Map No. 59) = 24 feet 

P-09-SS-02

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 114B (Map No. 49) = 53 feet 

P-09-SS-07

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 114B (Map No. 49) = 9 feet P-07-SS-02/

P-30-SS-02

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 113 (Map No. 49) = 61 feet 

NORTH AVENUE 

Figure 13 

11-10-0008 

B. Mace 

16 March 2012 

C. Imbres 

14 August 2012 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue 

Attleboro, Massachusetts 

Area of Observed Contamination, Area A 

Sample Location and Distance Map 

(Southern Portion) 

EPA Region I

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042 

TDD Number: 

Created by: 

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on: 

Imagery: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information 

Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded with

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103]

All other data: Data collected by START/ES&M 

(Environmental Strategies & Management), and EPA as 

part of the 2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18; 103] 

Data Sources: 

LEGEND 

Sample Distances 

Wetlands 

Additional Area of Water Cover 

Areas of Impermeable Cover 

Inferred Boundary of Area 

!( Level 2 Samples 

!( Level 1 Samples 

Area of Observed Contamination 

Approximate Parcel Boundaries 

I 

0 100 200 

Feet 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. HRS Document ti

Note: 

Inferred boundary 

of area of observed contamination;

however, wetland areas are not 

considered part of this area. 

Sep 

a on Record 21 MAD001197755 tember 2012 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I 

LEGEND 

Sample Distances 

Inferred Boundary of Area 

Approximate Area of Permanent Water Body (Bliss Brook) 

Wetlands 

!( Leve 2 Samples l 

!( Leve 1 Samples l 

Area of Observed Contamination 

Approximate Parcel Boundaries 

0 100 200 

Feet 

Note: 

Inferred boundary
 

of area of observed contamination;

however, wetland areas are not
 

considered part of this area.
 

Imagery: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information 

Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded using 

GPS by START in 2012 [Ref. 103]

All other data: Data collected by START/ES&M 

(Environmental Strategies & Management), and EPA as 

part of the 2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18] 

Data Sources: 

t

Figure 14 

11-10-0008 

B. Mace 

16 March 2012 

C. Imbres 

14 August 2012 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

Area of Observed Contamination, Area B 

(Northern Portion) TDD Number: 

78 North Avenue 

Attleboro, Massachusetts 

Sample Location and Distance Map 

EPA Region I

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042 

Created by: 

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Wal on & Lonsbury Inc. HRS Documen

Sep 

tation Record 22 MAD001197755 tember 2012 

P-03-SS-05

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 112 (Map No. 49) = 148 feet 

P-05-SS-06

Distance to residence on 

Lot No. 110 (Map No. 49) = 28 feet 

NORTH AVENUE 
!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

P-05-SS-05

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 109 (Map No. 49) = 43 feet

P-05-SS-04

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 109 (Map No. 49) = 82 feet

ROUNDS PLACE

!(!(

P-05-SS-01

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 109 (Map No. 49) = 109 feet

P-17-SS-07A

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 94 (Map No. 49) = 115 feet

P-17-SS-07B

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 94 (Map No. 49) = 115 feet

Figure 15

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 March 2012

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Area of Observed Contamination, Area B

Sample Location and Distance Map 

(Central Portion)

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Imagery: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information

Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Wetland data: Porvided by EPA and data recorded using 

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103] 

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

All other data: Data collected by START/ES&M 

(Environmental Strategies & Management), EPA as part of 

the 2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18]

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Sample Distances

!( Level 2 Samples

!( Level 1 Samples

Wetlands

Approximate Area of Permanent Water Body (Bliss Brook)

Area of Observed Contamination

Inferred Boundary of Area

0 100 200 Approximate Parcel Boundaries

Feet

23 Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

MAD001197755

HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Note:

 Inferred boundary 

of area of observed contamination; 

however, wetland areas are not 

considered part of this area. 

Note: P-17-SS-07A and P-17-SS-07B 

are co-located and therefore are the 

same distance to the residence.

I

!(

P-19-SS-03

EET
!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

P-24-SS-04

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 95 (Map No. 49) = 49 feet

P-20-SS-04A/

P-31-SS-04A

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 97 (Map No. 49) = 173 feet

P-20-SS-01

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 97 (Map No. 49) = 166 feet

P-19-SS-03

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 97A (Map No. 49) = 102 feet

P-18-SS-09

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 96 (Map No. 49) = 56 feet

P-18-SS-08

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 96 (Map No. 49) = 57 feet

P-18-SS-07

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 96 (Map No. 49) = 64 feet

ROUNDS PLACE

WEST STREET

Figure 16

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 March 2012

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Area of Observed Contamination, Area B

Sample Location and Distance Map 

(Southern Portion)

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Imagery: MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information

Systems) 2005 [Ref. 6]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded using 

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

All other data: Data collected by START/ES&M 

(Environmental Strategies & Management), and EPA as part 

of the 2012 Site Reassessement [Ref. 18] 

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Sample Distances

Approximate Area of Permanent Water Body (Bliss Brook)

!( Level 2 Samples

!( Level 1 Samples

Inferred Boundary of Area

Wetlands

Areas of Impermeable Cover

Area of Observed Contamination

Approximate Parcel Boundaries 0 100 200

Feet

24

Note:

 Inferred boundary 

of area of observered contamination; 

however, wetland areas are not 

considered part of this area.

HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

MAD001197755

I
!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

WEST STREET

P-23-SS-06

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 124 (Map No. 49) 

Building A, Apt. 1 = 20 feet

Building A, Apt. 2 = 39 feet

P-21-SS-03

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 125 (Map No. 49) = 103 feet

P-21-SS-04

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 125 (Map No. 49) = 123 feet

P-22-SS-07

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 126 (Map No. 49) = 182 feet

P-22-SS-10A

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 126 (Map No. 49) = 174 feet

P-22-SS-09A

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 126 (Map No. 49) = 200 feet

P-23-SS-02

Distance to residence on

Lot No. 124 (Map No. 49) 

Building B, Apt. 1 = 159 feet

Building B, Apt. 2 = 135 feet

Building B, Apt. 3 = 121 feet

Building B, Apt. 4 = 93 feet

1

2

Building A

Building B

4

3

2

1

Figure 17

11-10-0008

B. Mace

16 March 2012

C. Imbres

14 August 2012

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

78 North Avenue

Attleboro, Massachusetts

Area of Observed Contamination, Area C

Sample Location and Distance Map

EPA Region I 

Superfund Technical Assessment and 

Response Team (START) III

Contract No. EP-W-05-042

TDD Number:

Created by:

Created on:

Modified by:

Modified on:

Imagery: Bing maps Aerial (Microsoft Corporation) 2010 

[Ref. 5]

Wetland data: Provided by EPA and data recorded using

GPS by START in 2012. [Ref. 103]

Parcel data: Provided by the City of Attleboro in 2010 

[Ref. 66]

All other data: Collected by START/ES&M 

(Environmental Strategies & Management), and EPA as 

part of the 2012 Site Reassessment [Ref. 18]

Data Sources:

LEGEND

Sample Distances

Wetlands

Approximate Area of Permanent Water Body (Bliss Brook)

Inferred Boundary of Area

Area of Observed Contamination 

!( Level 2 Samples

!( Level 1 Samples

Approximate Parcel Boundaries

I

0 100 200

Feet

25 HRS Documentation Record

September 2012

Note:

 Inferred boundary 

of area of observed contamination; 

however, wetland areas are not 

considered part of this area. 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

MAD001197755
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

[1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1990. Hazard Ranking System; Final Rule, 40 

CFR Part 300, Appendix A. The complete Hazard Ranking System; Final Rule. Available from 

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/index.htm#HRS%20Rule. 14 December. Excerpt. 

96 pages. 

[2] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2012. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM). 

Available from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm. 31 March. 

Excerpt, Appendices BI and BII. 47 pages. 

[3] Reference Number Reserved. 

[4] Reference Number Reserved.

[5] Microsoft Corporation. 2011. Bing Maps Aerial. Available from http://bing.com. Internet 

accessed 26 July 2012. Description available from http://www.arcgis.com. Internet accessed 13 

July 2012. 3 pages. 

[6] MassGIS (Massachusetts Geographic Information Systems). 2005. MassGIS Data Download - 

1:5,000 Color Ortho Imagery 2005 – JPEG 2000 Format (Original), Image Number 217854. 

Available from http://www.mass.gov. Internet accessed 13 -August 2012. 10 pages. 

 

[7] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2002 (As Amended). Comprehensive 

Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 “Superfund”. 31 December. 

167 pages. 

[8] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2004 (As Amended). Clean Air Act. 24 February. 

465 pages. 

 

[9] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Source Piles Volume 

Calculations. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 19 July. 8 pages. 

[10] City of Attleboro, Massachusetts. Tax Assessor’s Property Card for Parcel ID 89//2D. Obtained 

by START personnel on 6 March 2012. 2 pages. 

[11] USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 1987. Attleboro Quadrangle, MA-RI (7.5-minute series 

topographic map). 2 pages. 

[12] City of Attleboro, Massachusetts. 1965. Tax Assessor’s Property Plat No. 89. 1 January. 1 page. 

[13] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Latitude/Longitude 

Calculations. TDD No. 12-01-0003. 14 February. 1 page. 

[14] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2010. Draft Final Removal Program Preliminary Assessment/Site 

Investigation Report for the Walton and Lonsbury Site, Attleboro, Bristol County, Massachusetts, 

5 through 12 August 2010. December. 87 pages. 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 26 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

[15] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2010. Memorandum from Elise I. Jakabházy, On-Scene 

Coordinator, Emergency Response & Removal Section I (ER&R1), EPA Region I, through David 

McIntyre, Chief, ER&R1, and Arthur V. Johnson III, Chief, Emergency Planning & Response 

Branch, EPA Region I, to James T. Owens III, Director, Office of Site Remediation and 

Restoration, EPA Region I, regarding Approval and Funding for a Removal Action at the Walton 

& Lonsbury Site, Attleboro, Bristol County, Massachusetts, Action Memorandum and Exemption 

from the Statutory $2,000,000 and 12-month Limits on Removal Actions, dated 2 September 

2010, and signed by Richard Cavagnero for James T. Owens, III, on 2 September 2010. 2 

September. 33 pages.

[16] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2011. Memorandum from James T. Owens, III, 

Director, Office of Site Remediation and Restoration, EPA Region I, thru Dana Tulis, Deputy 

Director, Office of Emergency Management, to Mathy Stanislaus, Assistant Administrator, Office 

of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, regarding Request for a Removal Action Ceiling 

Increase and a Change in the Scope of Response at the Walton & Lonsbury Site, Attleboro, 

Bristol County, Massachusetts, dated 8 September 2011, and signed by Mathy Stanislaus, on 22 

September 2011. 8 September. 23 pages. 

[17] Resource Control Associates, Inc. 1990. Phase IIA - Preliminary Comprehensive Site 

Assessment Report. 10 August. 108 pages. 

[18] Weston Solutions, Inc. START (Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team). 2012. 

Field Logbook for the Walton and Lonsbury Site Reassessment. No. 01430-S. TDD No. 12-01-

0003. 29 pages. 

[19] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Surface Water Pathway 

Calculation for the Walton and Lonsbury Property. TDD No. 12-01-0003. 20 July. 12 pages. 

[20] Reference Number Reserved.

[21] City of Attleboro, Massachusetts. 2012. Letter from John M. Clover, Superintendent of Public 

Works to Elise Jakabhazy, Federal On-Scene Coordinator, US EPA – Region 1 – New England. 

17 February. 1 page. 

[22] City of Attleboro, Massachusetts, Department of Public Works. Maps depicting storm drains in 

the vicinity of Walton Street, Attleboro, Massachusetts. 2 pages. 

[23] Resource Control Associates, Inc. 2001. Phase IIC - Interim Comprehensive Site Assessment 

Report, Walton and Lonsbury Facility, 78 North Avenue, Attleboro, Massachusetts, RTN 4-0023, 

Volume I. 7 November. 134 pages. 

[24] Resource Control Associates, Inc. 1989. Phase I - Limited Site Investigation Report. 15 

February. 143 pages. 

[25] Tetra Tech NUS, Inc. 2005. Draft Site Inspection Report for Walton and Lonsbury, Inc., 

Attleboro, Massachusetts. July. 108 pages. 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 27 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

[26] Kutsch, N. (START). Photodocumentation Log of excavation activities conducted as part of the 

Walton and Lonsbury Removal Action, 27 April through 3 May 2011. 9 pages. 

[27] Correspondence regarding Process Pipe Data. Email from Kutch, N. Weston Solutions, Inc., 

(START) to Imbres, C. Weston Solutions, Inc., (START). 20 March 2012. 1 page. 

[28] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Expanded Trip Report for Walton and Lonsbury Site 

Reassessment, Attleboro, Massachusetts. TDD No. 12-01-0003. 30 March. 165 pages. 

[29] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Draft Removal Program Preliminary Assessment/Site Investigation 

Report for the Walton and Lonsbury Site, Attleboro, Massachusetts, 5 August 2010 through 16 

June 2011. February. 146 pages. 

[30] Environmental Strategies & Management, Inc. 2011. Limited Site Investigation Report, Former 

Walton and Lonsbury Site, 78 North Avenue, Attleboro, Massachusetts, MassDEP RTN 4-

0000023, TAD #101535. 17 August. 16 pages. 

[31] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Site Assessment Program Site-Specific Quality Assurance Project 

Plan for Soil/Source, Sediment, Surface Water, and Surface Soil Sampling, Walton and Lonsbury 

Site Reassessment, Attleboro, Massachusetts. 20 January. 65 pages.

[32] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2012. Contract Laboratory Program, All Chain of 

Custody Records for the Walton and Lonsbury Site Reassessment, 25 January through 3 

February. 17 pages. 

[33] Reference Number Reserved.

[34] Reference Number Reserved.

[35] Weston Solutions, Inc., Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team III (START). 

2012. Soil/Source, Sediment, Surface Water, and Surface Soil Sample Field Data Sheets, Walton 

and Lonsbury, Attleboro, Massachusetts. TDD No. 12-01-0003. 25 January through 3 February. 

199 pages. 

[36] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Total Population and Private 

Well Population Calculations within 4 Radial Miles of the Walton and Lonsbury Property. TDD 

No. 12-01-0003. 23 March. 8 pages. 

[37] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Public Drinking Water 

Supply Sources for Walton and Lonsbury TDD No. 12-01-0003. 2 March. 49 pages.

[38-40] References Numbers Reserved.

[41] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Surface Impoundment Area 

Calculations. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 30 March. 4 pages. 

[42-49] References Numbers Reserved.

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 28 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

[50] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

42162; SDG No. MA3XF7, ALS Environmental (DATAC), Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 23 February. 62 pages.

[51] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

0837F; SDG No. D31026, Mitkem Laboratories, Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 8 March. 77 pages.

[52] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

0837F; SDG No. D31008, Mitkem Laboratories, Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 8 March. 53 pages.

[53] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

42162; SDG No. MA3XN4, ALS Environmental (DATAC), Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 8 March. 38 pages.

[54] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

42162; SDG No. MA3XJ1, ALS Environmental (DATAC), Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 8 March. 41 pages. 

[55] Reference Number Reserved.

[56] Reference Number Reserved.

[57] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

42162; SDG No. MA3XF9, ALS Environmental (DATAC), Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 23 February. 58 pages.

[58] Reference Number Reserved.

[59] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

0837F; SDG No. D31025, Mitkem Laboratories, Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 8 March. 126 pages.

[60] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

42162; SDG No. MA3XL9, ALS Environmental (DATAC), Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 5 March. 46 pages.

[61] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

42162; SDG No. MA3XN8, ALS Environmental (DATAC), Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 8 March. 37 pages.

[62] Reference Number Reserved.

[63] Reference Number Reserved.

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 29 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 30 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 

[64] Weston Solutions, Inc. 2012. Letter to Ms. Nancy Smith, U.S. EPA Region 1, Subject: Case No. 

42162; SDG No. MA3XF8, ALS Environmental (DATAC), Walton and Lonsbury, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts. 23 February. 61 pages.

[65] EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Comprehensive Environmental Response, 

Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS) Superfund Program, Region I, RE: 

Walton and Lonsbury. Printout dated 14 February. 2 pages. 

[66] Correspondence regarding Parcel Data Shapefiles for Attleboro, Massachusetts. Email from 

Lennox, B. City of Attleboro to Mace, B. Weston Solutions, Inc., (START). 16 November 2010. 

1 page. 

[67] Correspondence regarding W&L – Confirmation of Onsite Soil Pile Estimates. Email from 

Jakabhazy, E. U.S. EPA to Kelly, J. Weston Solutions, Inc., (START). 3 April 2012. 3 pages. 

[68] City of Attleboro, Massachusetts. 1965. Revised 1999. Tax Assessor’s Property Plat No. 59. 1 

page.

[69] City of Attleboro, Massachusetts. 1965. Revised 2004. Tax Assessor’s Property Plat No. 49. 1 

page.

[70] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Using Qualified Data to Document an Observed 

Release and Observed Contamination. November. 18 pages. 

[71] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Source Area Calculations. 

TDD No. 11-10-0008. 12 July. 14 pages. 

[72] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Surface Soil/Source and 

Surface Water Form Is and CRQL Calculations. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 13 July. 101 pages. 

[73] Burton, J. Weston Solutions, Inc., Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team III 

(START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Adjusted Values for Total Metals Data, 

Case 42162; SDG No. MA3XF8. TDD No. 11-10-0008, Task No. 0763-48; DC No. A-6753. 1 

March. 107 pages. 

[74] Mahany, B. Weston Solutions, Inc., Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team III 

(START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Adjusted Values for Total Metals Data, 

Case 42162; SDG No. MA3XJ1. TDD No. 11-10-0008, Task No. 0763-48; DC No. A-6768. 19 

March. 95 pages. 

[75] Reference Number Reserved.

[76] Mahany, W. Weston Solutions, Inc., Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team III 

(START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Adjusted Values for Hexavalent 

Chromium Data, Case 0837F; SDG No. D31026. TDD No. 11-10-0008, Task No. 0763-48; DC 

No. A-6765. 23 March. 184 pages. 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

[77] Mahany, W. Weston Solutions, Inc., Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team III 

(START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Adjusted Values for Hexavalent 

Chromium Data, Case 0837F; SDG No. D31008. TDD No. 11-10-0008, Task No. 0763-48; DC

No. A-6764. 26 March. 96 pages. 

[78] Reference Number Reserved. 

[79] Reference Number Reserved.

[80] Wedge, M. General Chemical Corporation. 2007. Quote No. 7732, Walton & Lonsbury, Inc. 23 

October. 28 pages. 

[81] DeGabriele, S. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Quality 

Engineering, Division of Hazardous Waste. 1984. Annual Report of Hazardous Waste Activity, 

EPA ID No. MAD001197755. 25 June. 8 pages. 

[82] Reference Number Reserved. 

[83] Correspondence regarding Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers Application for Permit to 

Discharge or Work in Waters and their Tributaries. Application No. MA0001040, Application 

filed on 16 June 1971, application completed on 7 June 1972, Walton and Lonsbury, Inc. 2 

February. 12 Pages. 

[84] Invoice from General Chemical Corporation to Walton and Lonsbury, Inc. 9 January 2008. 1 

page. 

[85] Walton, W. Walton and Lonsbury, Inc. 1990. 1989 Annual Report Parts I through V, EPA ID No. 

MAD001197755. 27 February. 10 pages. 

[86] Hoag, Robert. Walton and Lonsbury, Inc. 1992. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1991 

Hazardous Waste Report, Form IC. 26 February. 9 pages. 

[87] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Downstream Distance of 

Sediment Samples from Probable Point of Entry. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 2 April. 2 pages. 

[88] Freeman Engineering Company. 1989. Figure 1-1, Phase II Proposed Wells, Topographical Site 

Plan in Attleboro, Mass, excerpted from the Phase I - Limited Site Investigation Report, prepared 

by Resource Control Associates, Inc., 1989. 26 January. 1 page. 

[89] Reference Number Reserved.

[90] Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC (NETR). 2011. 1961 Historical Aerial of 78 

North Avenue, Attleboro, Massachusetts (Source: USGS (1961-03-31 - 1961-04-27). 2 pages. 

[91] USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 1943. Revised 1950. Attleboro Quadrangle, MA-RI (7.5-

minute series topographic map). Available from 

http://historical.mytopo.com/getImage.asp?fname=attl50se.jpg&state=MA. 1 page. 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 31 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

[92] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: To determine the distance 

between surface soil sample locations and residences. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 2 April. 8 pages. 

[93] Rizzo Associates, Inc. 1991. Phase II Site Investigation Report, 60 Walton Street, Attleboro, 

Massachusetts, DEP Case #4-0764. 5 March. 75 pages. 

[94] CYN Environmental Services. 1997. Phase I: Initial Site Assessment Report, Former Robert’s 

Ford Dealership, 68-76 West Street, Attleboro, Massachusetts, MADEP Release Tracking 

Number: 4-12078. 16 April. 194 pages. 

[95] AWARD Environmental, Inc. 1997. Release Abatement Measure Plan, Kilmartin Industries, 

Inc., 79 Walton Street, Attleboro, Massachusetts, RTN 4-12739. 14 February. 145 pages. 

[96] RAM Environmental. 1997. Preliminary Assessment and Limited Site Investigation Report, 

Attleboro Woodworking, Inc. 1476 West Street, Route 123, Attleboro, Massachusetts. 26 June. 

171 pages. 

[97] Environmental Science Services, Inc. 1999. Licensed Site Professional Opinion and Response 

Action Outcome Statement, 60 Walton Street, Attleboro, Massachusetts, RTN 4-14343. 14 

January. 106 pages. 

[98] Coler & Colantonio, Inc. 1999. Immediate Response Action Completion Report, 82 North 

Avenue, Attleboro, Massachusetts, RTN: 4-14492. 24 March. 117 pages. 

[99] Inland Professional Corporation. 2001. Release Abatement Measure Plan, 81 West Street, 

Attleboro, Massachusetts, RTN# 4-16560. 3 December. 20 pages. 

[100] LFR, Inc. 2006. Immediate Response Action (IRA) Plan and Status Report Kilmartin Industries, 

79 Walton Street, Attleboro, Massachusetts, RTN# 4-19739, Tier 1C Permit #W023829. 6 

October. 179 pages.

[101] Coneco Engineers & Scientists, Inc. 2010. Class B-1 Response Action Outcome Statement, 

Massachusetts Electric Facility, 87 West Street, Attleboro, Massachusetts, Release Tracking 

Number 4-22265. 11 August. 259 pages. 

[102] MassDEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection). 2012. Searchable Waste 

Site List / Site Files. Available from http://public.dep.state.ma.us/SearchableSites/. Internet 

accessed on 16 July 2012. 7 pages.

 

[103] Hornok, G., Weston Solutions, Inc., (START). 2012. Memorandum, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: 

Wetland Delineation Memorandum. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 26 April. 33 pages. 

[104] EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Comprehensive Environmental Response, 

Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS) Superfund Program, Region I, RE: 

Attleboro, MA (02703) sites. Printout dated 5 April. 2 pages. 

 

[105] EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Resource Conservation Act Information 

System (RCRAInfo), RE: Attleboro, MA, sites. Printout dated 5 April. 73 pages. 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 32 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 33 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012 

[106] EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Resource Conservation Act Information 

System (RCRAInfo), RE: Attleboro, MA, NAIC Code 332813 (Electroplating) sites. Printout 

dated 5 April. 4 pages. 

 

[107] ESS Laboratory, Division of Thielsch Engineering, Inc. 2011. Certificate of analysis, Client 

Project ID: Walton and Lonsbury. 12 May. 16 pages. 

 

[108] EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Surf Your Watershed, RE: Narragansett 

Watershed - 01090004. Printout dated 14 February. 2 pages. 

[109] Mace, B. (START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: Inference of Contamination 

for areas between contaminated soil sample locations for Source Areas and associated Areas of 

Observed Contamination. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 17 July. 13 pages. 

[110] Correspondence regarding number of residents per address. Email from Drake, J. Hydrogeologist, 

MassDEP to Jakabhazy E. On-Scene Coordinator, Emergency Response & Removal Section I 

(ER&R1), EPA Region I, and Smith, N. U.S. EPA Region 1. 16 February 2012. 3 pages. 

[111] Correspondence regarding Brookside Apartments population count. Email from Zanbararo, J., 

Executive Director, Attleboro Housing Authority to Jakabhazy E. On-Scene Coordinator, 

Emergency Response & Removal Section I (ER&R1), EPA Region I, 15 March 2012. 2 pages. 

[112] Correspondence regarding Occupied Condos at 74 West Street. Email from Kutch, N. Weston 

Solutions, Inc., (START) to Imbres, C. Weston Solutions, Inc., (START). 6 April 2012. 2 pages. 

[113] Reference Number Reserved.

[114] Reference Number Reserved.

[115] Scesny, C. Weston Solutions, Inc., Superfund Technical Assistance and Response Team III 

(START). 2012. Project Note, Walton and Lonsbury, RE: To identify the sample nomenclature 

used throughout the Walton and Lonsbury HRS documentation record. TDD No. 11-10-0008. 26 

July. 3 pages.

[116] MassDEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection). 2012. Searchable Waste 

Sites, Site Information for Site Number 4-0010777. Available from 

http://public.dep.state.ma.us/SearchableSites/Site_Info.asp?textfield_RTN=4-0010777

Internet accessed on 27 July 2012. 1 page. 

 

[117] Coler & Colantonio, Inc. 2004. Response Action Outcome (RAO) Statement, Former Standard 

Matrix Corporation, 62 Water Street, Attleboro, Massachusetts, RTN 4-0398. 15 September. 

242 pages. 

[118] MassDEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection). 2011. Letter from Daniel 

Crafton, Acting Chief to Courtney Wunschel, Attleboro Water Department, RE: Attleboro – 

BWSC, Release Tracking Number: 4-23324, Attleboro Water Department, 1296 West Street, 

Notice of Responsibility. 22 June. 3 pages. 
REFERENCES

Ref.

No. Description of the Reference

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 34 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

[119] Coneco Engineers & Scientists, Incorporated. 2006. Release Notification and Class A-2 

Response Action Outcome Statement Non-PCB Mineral Oil Dielectric Fluid Release, Pole No. 

8862, Townhouse Road, Attleboro, Massachusetts, Release Tracking Number 4-19562. 14 

March. 120 pages.
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 35 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

SITE SUMMARY – Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

The Walton & Lonsbury Inc. site (also referred to as the site) consists of the release from the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. facility to the following six on-site sources (sources): two pile sources, located on the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and an adjacent parcel to the south; one surface impoundment source, 

located within a wetland downstream (south) of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property; and three 

contaminated soil sources, located south and southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see 

Figure 3) [see the Source Characterization sections of this HRS documentation record] and the 

contaminated surface water, wetlands, and sediments in Bliss Brook. Of the three contaminated soil 

sources, one source is located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, and east and south of the 

surface impoundment source and downstream wetland; and two sources are located along Bliss Brook,

southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and downstream of a probable point of entry (PPE) for 

a ground water-to-surface water migration pathway [see the Source Characterization sections for Source 

Nos. 4, 5, and 6 of this HRS documentation record]. As presented in the Source Characterization sections, 

these sources have been documented to contain chromium and lead. A release of chromium and lead from 

sources to a downstream wetland, as well as to surface soils on nearby residential properties affecting 98 

individual residents, has been documented [see Surface Water Pathway and Soil Exposure sections of this 

HRS documentation record]. 

The Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (also referred to as the property) is an approximately 2.8-acre 

property comprising three contiguous parcels at 78 North Avenue in Attleboro, Bristol County, MA (see 

Figure 1) [10-12]. The three parcels are identified by the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor as Map Number 

(No.) 89, Lot Nos. 2D, 4, and 5 [10-12]. The geographic coordinates of the property, as measured from 

its approximate center, are 41o 57' 27.3" north latitude and 71o 17' 49.7" west longitude (see Figure 2) 

[13]. The property is bordered to the north by Walton Street and industrial/commercial properties; to the 

south by wetlands and an undeveloped property owned by the Massachusetts Department of 

Transportation (MassDOT) (City of Attleboro Tax Assessor Parcel ID No. 10687); to the east by North 

Avenue and baseball fields; to the southeast by North Avenue and residential properties along Paulette 

Lane; and to the west by industrial/commercial properties and the Interstate 95 Interchange Access Road

(I-95) (see Figure 2) [11; 12]. The property is currently owned by Walhard Realty Trust [10; 14, p. 5].

Prior to demolition activities conducted during an EPA Emergency Planning and Response Branch 

(EPRB) Removal Action, which was initiated at the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property in September 2010, 

the property contained an approximately 12,000-square-foot hard chromium plating facility [15, p. 1; 16, 

p. 4; 24, pp. 7, 13]. During January and February 2012, at the time of sampling activities conducted 

during an EPA Site Reassessment (SR) of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. site, five piles of contaminated 

soil associated with releases from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property were staged on the property and 

on an adjacent parcel immediately to the south, as part of the ongoing EPA Removal Action (see Figure 

2) [18, p. 5; 67]. 

According to available documentation, chromium electroplating operations were conducted on the Walton 

& Lonsbury Inc. property between 1940 and 2007 [15, p. 2; 23, pp. 5-6]. Processes conducted on the 

property by Walton & Lonsbury Inc. which were associated with industrial hard chromium electroplating

operations included parts grinding, polishing, aqueous and solvent cleaning and degreasing, 

electroplating, and water rinsing [23, p. 6; 24, p. 16-; 83, p. 8]. In a 1983 Facility Annual Report 

submitted to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Walton & Lonsbury Inc. identified that “chrome 

sludge from plating process” was generated at a rate of 1,500 gallons a year [81, pp. 1, 7]. According to a 

chemical use inventory list and additional documentation included in a 1989 Phase I report prepared by 

Resource Control Associates, Inc. (RCA) on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., hazardous chemicals 

used at the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property included the following: chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, 

sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), sodium 
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 36 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

hydrosulfite, and sodium bisulfate [24, pp. 8, 16-17, 77-78]. A 1989 Annual Report prepared by Walton 

& Lonsbury Inc. identified the facility as a large quantity generator and on-site treatment, storage, or 

disposal facility generating various types of hazardous wastes including waste hydrochloric acid and 

TCA, as well as “chrome plating rinse water” and “sludge” generated at a rate of 10,800 gallons per year 

[85, pp. 1-2, 5-10]. A 1991 Hazardous Waste Report submitted by Walton & Lonsbury Inc. to EPA 

identified on-site wastes generated including “corrosive chromic-acid-contaminated solid debris, from 

chrome-plating operation”; “chromic acid in water”; waste hydrochloric acid; “spent solvent from 

degreasing operation, III tricholoroethane”; and “chromic-acid contaminated steel ductwork ventilation 

system for chrome-plating operation” [86, pp. 1, 3-7]. Correspondence between Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

and a chemical transportation company in 2007 identified that in 2007, 4,200 gallons of chromic acid 

solution were transported off the property for disposal and/or treatment [80, pp. 26-28]. A hazardous 

waste manifest from January 2008 documented the transport of 4,010 gallons of chromic acid from the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property in Attleboro, MA [84]. 

Hazardous substances from associated sources release along two separate in-water segments, which form 

two separate branches to the hazardous substance migration path prior to the two branches joining 

together within the Target Distance Limit (TDL) for the site [19, pp. 1-2, 6; 24, p. 46; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 

2]. One branch of surface water flow originates via ground water, which flows beneath the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property to the east-southeast and emerges as surface water discharge at residential 

properties along the eastern portion of Paulette Lane and into Bliss Brook [23, p. 47; 25, p. 32; 103, p. 2]. 

The most upstream ground water discharge to surface water is located along the wetlands associated with 

the Bliss Brook headwaters [PPE number 1 (PPE No. 1)] (see Figure 2) [19, pp. 1, 6]. Surface water then 

flows in a southerly direction within Bliss Brook, toward West Street, and beneath the West Street bridge 

[19, p. 1; 103, p. 2].

The second branch of the hazardous substance migration path for the site consists of overland surface 

water flow to the south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property toward PPE No. 2. At PPE No. 2, surface 

water runoff from the property flows into an area of open water and wetlands, and continues south toward 

a drainage culvert near the corner of Deanville Road and North Avenue [19, p. 2; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 2]. 

Based on observations and investigations conducted during the EPA SR, as well as information provided 

by City of Attleboro personnel, surface water entering the drainage culvert then flows south-southeast 

through piping underneath Deanville Road, to a manhole on a residential property on the southern side of 

Deanville Road [18, pp. 16, 25; 21; 28, p. 10]. Based on the results of field investigations, water exits this 

manhole via a pipe directed east-southeast, flows to the catchbasin located on an adjacent property to the 

east, and flows farther east to a catchbasin along North Avenue. Based on field observations and City of 

Attleboro diagrams, water then flows south along North Avenue and east along West Street through 

underground piping, prior to discharging to Bliss Brook immediately south of the West Street bridge [22, 

p. 2; 103 p. 2]. The total distance that surface water flows through underground piping, from the point at 

which it enters the drainage culvert near the corner of Deanville Road and North Avenue to the point 

where it discharges to Bliss Brook south of the West Street bridge, is approximately 1,006 feet (0.19 

mile) [19, p. 2; 103 p. 2].

Following the convergence of the two branches of in-water segments for the hazardous substance 

migration path, immediately south of the West Street bridge, surface water within Bliss Brook continues 

to flow south until the point where Bliss Brook converges with the Bungay River (approximately 0.40 

miles downstream of PPE No. 1) [19, pp. 1-2; 103, p. 2]. Surface water subsequently flows southwest 

along the Bungay River for a short distance (less than 200 feet), prior to converging with the Ten Mile 

River just north of the Water Street bridge [19, pp. 1-2; 103, p. 2]. Surface water flow within the Ten Mile 

River continues southwest and flows through Mechanics Pond [103, p. 2]. Surface water flows south

through Mechanics Pond, for a distance of approximately 0.51 miles, to the pond’s outlet [103, p. 2]. 

Surface water then continues to flow in a southerly direction along the Ten Mile River until the terminus 
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 37 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

of the 15-mile downstream TDL, immediately prior to the confluence with the Seekonk River in East 

Providence, Rhode Island [19, pp. 1-2]. 

Based on a 1989 report prepared by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., untreated wastewater 

from chromium plating operations was discharged via a pipe directly into the wetlands located south of 

the facility building [24, pp. 17-18, 59; 88]. According to a figure produced by RCA, on behalf of 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc., the pipe extended southwest from the “chrome electro plating area” within the 

building, and the discharge was discontinued in 1970 [24, p. 59; 88]. In the early 1970s, a wastewater 

treatment system for metals removal and pH adjustment was installed, and the pipe was reportedly 

“abandoned and plugged” [24, p. 18]. During excavation activities conducted in April 2011 as part of the 

EPA EPRB Removal Action, EPA uncovered a pipe extending southwest from the area identified as the

“former chromium plating room” toward the wetlands [16, p. 4; 26, pp. 8-9]. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) 

field screening results of solid material encountered from within the pipe indicated concentrations of 

chromium at 157,813 milligrams per Kilogram (mg/Kg), and lead at 78,876 mg/Kg [27]. According to the 

results of EPA’s examination of historical aerial photographs, the uncovered pipe terminated at the 

approximate edge of a former unnamed stream, which historically flowed south from the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property toward the wetland [16, p. 4]. Based on EPA’s assessment of aerial photographs, 

the streambed of the former unnamed stream had been enlarged and converted into a dewatering 

impoundment and lagoon during the 1970s [16, p. 4]. 

Previous investigations have identified extensive chromium and lead contamination in surface and 

subsurface soils located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property. During Phases 3 and 4 of the EPA 

EPRB Site Investigation (SI), conducted in December 2010 and April 2011, analytical results of surface 

and subsurface soil samples collected from the mixed-use parcels south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property indicated elevated levels of chromium (up to 56,700 mg/Kg in sample P78-SB-16A), hexavalent 

chromium (up to 690 mg/Kg in sample P-78-SB-22B), and lead (up to 14,200 mg/Kg in sample P-78-SB36B) [16, pp.7-8; 29, pp. 17-19, 40, 54, 56]. During Phase 5 of the EPA EPRB SI, analytical results of

surface and subsurface soil samples collected south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, along rear 

portions of residential properties along Deanville Road and North Avenue, indicated elevated levels of 

chromium (up to 434,000 mg/Kg in SB-208A), hexavalent chromium (up to 110 mg/Kg in SB-201B), and 

lead (up to 1,100 mg/Kg in SB-202B) [16, p. 8; 29, pp. 19-20, 41, 58].

Investigations conducted by RCA on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc. have identified a dissolved 

chromium ground water plume associated with releases from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, and 

have identified ground water-to-surface-water transport as an active mechanism for contaminant transport 

from the property to residential properties along Paulette Lane and to Bliss Brook and downstream 

surface water bodies [23, pp. 44, 47, 69-70]. Analytical results of samples of pooled surface water and 

shallow ground water collected from residential properties along Paulette Lane by Walton & Lonsbury 

Inc.’s contractor in 2001 indicated elevated levels of chromium and hexavalent chromium, including 

chromium up to 12,000 part per billion (ppb) and hexavalent chromium up to 7,000 ppb at 37 Paulette 

Lane [23, pp. 37, 95]. Results of further investigations of soil contamination at residential properties 

along Paulette Lane indicated elevated levels of metals, including lead up to 1,500 mg/Kg in sample R01-SB-43, total chromium up to 67,700 mg/Kg in sample R-02-SB-129, and hexavalent chromium up to 

1,900 mg/Kg in sample R-03-SB-159, prompting EPA to excavate contaminated soil from several 

residential properties during the ongoing Removal Action [16, pp. 9-10; 29, pp. 15, 38-39, 52]. During 

Phase 2 of the EPA EPRB SI, analytical results of surface and subsurface soil samples collected in the 

residential neighborhood along Paulette Lane and North Avenue indicated elevated levels of chromium 

(up to 67,000 mg/Kg in R-02-SB-129), hexavalent chromium (up to 1,900 mg/Kg in R-03-SB-159), and 

lead (up to 1,500 mg/Kg in R-01-SB-43) [16, pp. 6-7; 29, pp. 15, 38-39, 52].

Previous investigations have identified impacts to surface water and sediments along Bliss Brook 
Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 38 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

associated with ground water-to-surface water contaminant release from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property. Analytical results of surface water samples collected from Bliss Brook during the Phase IIC 

investigation completed in 2001 indicated the presence of chromium [up to 0.89 milligrams per Liter 

(mg/L) in sample S.St-12] and hexavalent chromium (up to 0.50 mg/L in sample S.St-4) [23, pp. 39, 92]. 

Analytical results of sediment samples collected from Bliss Brook in 2001 during Phase IIC 

investigations indicated total chromium and hexavalent chromium concentrations of up to 2,800 mg/Kg 

(sample S.St-11) and 2.3 mg/Kg (sample S. St-12), respectively [23, p. 98]. Surface water samples 

collected from Bliss Brook in November 2004 during the EPA Site Inspection contained concentrations 

of chromium and hexavalent chromium up to 477 ppb (SW-06) and 440 ppb (SW-06), respectively [25, p. 

44]. Analytical sample results from a 2005 EPA Site Inspection revealed significantly elevated levels of 

chromium and hexavalent chromium at sediment sample locations at the identified PPE for ground waterto-surface water release (8,140 mg/Kg chromium and 6.26 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD-03), 

throughout Bliss Brook (including 6,260 mg/Kg chromium and 5.18 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD05), and downstream to the farthest downstream sediment sample location, near the southeastern outlet of 

Mechanics Pond (1,090 mg/Kg chromium and 2.49 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD-13) [25, pp. 36-

37, 39, 42]. In addition, analytical results of surface water sampling conducted by Massachusetts 

Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) in July 2011 indicated a concentration of 30 

micrograms per Liter (μg/L) of hexavalent chromium in a surface water sample collected along Bliss 

Brook, north of the intersection of North Avenue and West Street [30, pp. 3, 5, 10, 16].
Source Characterization

Source No. 1

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 39 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

2.2.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Name of Source: Piles 5, 6, 7, and 8 Source 

Number of Source: Source No. 1

Source Type: Piles

Description and Location of Source:

The Piles 5, 6, 7, and 8 Source (Piles - Source No. 1) comprises four piles (Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8) 

located on portions of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map 

No. 89, Lot No. 4) and an adjacent parcel to the south (City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 

89, Lot No. 3) (see Figure 5) [10; 12; 18, pp. 2-3; 65, p. 1; 66]. The geographic coordinates of Source No. 

1, as measured from its approximate center, are 41° 57′ 26.1′′ north latitude and 71° 17′ 49.6′′ west 

longitude [11]. 

During Phases 1 and 3 of the EPA EPRB Removal Program SI, conducted in 2009 and 2010, Weston 

Solutions, Inc. (WESTON) Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team III (START) collected

surface and subsurface soil samples from areas throughout, and just south of, the Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property [16, pp. 7, 9, 21; 29, pp. 14, 17-18, 37-38, 40, 51, 54]. Analytical results from the SI soil 

sampling events indicated elevated levels of metals, including lead up to 14,200 mg/Kg, total chromium 

up to 56,700 mg/Kg, and hexavalent chromium up to 690 mg/Kg [16, p. 9; 29, pp. 37-38, 40]. On 18 

October 2010, EPA began a time-critical Removal Action at the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [16, p. 

9]. On 4 March 2011, excavation activities were initiated in a 2-acre area of contaminated soil delineated 

during the Phase 3 SI [16, p. 9]. Excavated soils were stockpiled on site pending off-site disposal [16, p. 

9]. On 10 May 2011, EPA’s Emergency Rapid Response Services (ERRS) contractor collected a 

composite soil sample (GS-P1) from Pile No. 5 for laboratory analysis [107, pp. 1, 7]. Analytical results 

of this sample indicated elevated levels of metals (lead at 75.0 mg/Kg and total chromium at 1,170 

mg/Kg) [107, pp. 1, 7]. As of September 2011, approximately 2,100 tons of the stockpiled soil had been 

transported off site for disposal; however, Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8 remained staged on the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property and the adjacent parcel to the south [16, pp. 9; 18, p. 5]. The 2,100 tons of 

contaminated soil that were transported off site for disposal during the EPA Removal Action are not 

included in the waste quantity calculation presented in this HRS documentation record.

According to information provided by the EPA On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) for the EPA EPRB 

Removal Action at the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 each consist of 

contaminated soil excavated from the area south of the former Walton & Lonsbury Inc. building [67].

Additional information provided by EPA indicated an estimated volume for Source No. 1 (Piles 5, 6, 7, 

and 8) of approximately 1,400 cubic yards (yd3

), which was calculated based on observations made in the 

field [67]. Further volume calculations were performed for Source No. 1 based on on-site observations, 

as well as height measurements and perimeter area Global Positioning System (GPS) data obtained in the 

field [9]. Based on these estimated height measurements and perimeter area GPS data, a volume estimate 

of 1,173 yd3 was calculated [9]. Therefore, a volume estimate of 1,173 yd3 for Source No. 1 is considered 

a minimal estimate. During collection of source samples from Source No. 1, conducted as part of the 2012 

EPA SR, it was observed that the source material constituting Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 appeared to be 

generally homogeneous [18, p. 28]. 

During the 2012 EPA SR, each of Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 was observed to be covered by tarps; however, 
Source Characterization

Source No. 1

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 40 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

several breaches were noted in the tarp cover for each pile, and each pile lacked any maintained 

engineered cover [18, p. 28]. A minimal amount of temporary silt fencing was observed adjacent to small 

portions of some of the piles; however, no fully functioning run-off management system was observed 

and no run-on control system was noted for Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 [18, p. 28]. Based on topography, onsite observations, and previous reports, stormwater runoff/overland flow from the Walton & Lonsbury

Inc. property flows in a southeasterly direction, toward the wetland located south of the property [11, p. 2; 

18, p. 29; 24, p. 11; 25, p. 32]. 

Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 meet the HRS criteria for aggregating sources and are therefore presented as one 

aggregate source. Each one of Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 is a pile source type [18, p. 5]. These piles are 

located adjacent to and in close proximity of each other, within the same watershed and floodplain, and 

therefore similarly affect nearby environmental and residential population targets [9, pp. 1-3, 5; 19, pp. 1-

3, 6]. As described above, each of Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 comprises contaminated soil material excavated 

from the same general area, and each pile was observed to have similar containment features [18, p. 28; 

67]. As presented below, laboratory chemical analysis of samples collected from each of Pile Nos. 5, 6, 7, 

and 8 indicated the presence of similar compounds in each pile (chromium and lead). 

2.2.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOURCE

- Source Samples:

On 25 and 26 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), source sampling activities for the Piles 5, 6, 

7, and 8 Source were conducted [18, pp. 5, 9-10; 28, pp. 18, 22-24, 62; 31, pp. 1, 26, 28, 33-35]. As part 

of the Piles 5, 6, 7, and 8 Source characterization, the following nine source samples were collected from 

various locations throughout the piles (pile number designation in parentheses): SO-06, field duplicate 

sample SO-14, and SO-07 (Pile No. 5); SO-08 and SO-09 (Pile No. 6); SO-10 and SO-11 (Pile No.7); and 

SO-12 and SO-13 (Pile No. 8) [18, pp. 5, 9-10; 28, pp. 18, 22-24, 62]. All source samples collected from 

the Piles 5, 6, 7, and 8 Source as part of the EPA SR were collected from depths down to 2 feet below 

ground surface (bgs) [35, pp. 169-176]. Locations of all source samples collected from the Piles 5, 6, 7, 

and 8 Source are depicted in Figure 5.

Source sample SO-06 and field duplicate sample SO-14 were described as dry-to-moist, brown-to-olive 

green, silt, some fine sand, some organics, little clay, trace medium-to-coarse sand [35, p. 169]. Source 

sample SO-07 was described as dry-to-moist, brown, silt and fine sand, little clay, little organics, trace 

medium-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 170]. Source sample SO-08 was described as 

dry-to-moist, brown, silt and organics, little clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 171]. Source sample 

SO-09 was described as dry-to-moist, brown, silt and fine sand, some clay, trace medium-to-coarse sand, 

little organics, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 172]. Source sample SO-10 was described as dry, 

brown, silt, some fine sand, trace clay, trace medium-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 173]. Source 

sample SO-11 was described as dry-to-moist, brown-to-dark brown, silt, little clay, little fine-to-coarse 

sand, little organics [35, p. 174]. Source sample SO-12 was described as moist, brown, silt, little fine-tocoarse sand, trace organics, trace clay, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 175]. Source sample SO-13

was described as dry-to-moist, brown, silt, some organics, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace clay, trace fine 

gravel [35, p. 176]. 

The nine source samples (SO-06 through SO-14) were submitted to a Contract Laboratory Program 

(CLP) laboratory for chromium and lead analysis under CLP Scope of Work (SOW) ISM01.3; and to a 

Delivery of Analytical Services (DAS) laboratory for hexavalent chromium analysis by EPA SW-846 

Method 7196A [18, pp. 7-8, 11-12; 32, pp. 1, 5, 6, 9; 50, pp. 1, 9-10; 51, pp. 1, 10-11]. Chains-of-custody 

(COCs) for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS documentation 
Source Characterization

Source No. 1

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 41 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the Source No. 1 samples, and all 

corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes reference documentation 

[18, pp. 5, 7-12; 32, pp. 1, 5, 6, 9]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and COC 

numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Source No. 1 samples were 

validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation 

Guidelines [50, pp. 1, 3; 51, pp. 1, 5]. In addition, the validation was conducted independently by 

designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 169-

173, 173-176; 50, pp. 1, 3; 51, pp. 1, 5]. 

Among the nine source samples collected for Source No. 1, chromium and lead were detected at their 

maximum concentrations in source sample SO-11, at 9,130 mg/Kg and 2,300 mg/Kg, respectively; and 

hexavalent chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 63.7 mg/Kg in source sample SO-08 

[18, pp. 5, 7-12; 28, p. 62; 50, pp. 9, 10; 52, p. 8; 72, pp. 13-21, 72, 73; 76, pp. 11, 72, 73]. Based on 

chemical analysis of the nine source samples (SO-06 through SO-14) collected as part of the EPA SR, 

Source No. 1 has been documented to contain the hazardous substances chromium, hexavalent chromium, 

and lead [1, p. 51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56; 28, p. 62; 50, pp. 9, 10; 52, p. 8; 72, pp. 13-21, 72, 73; 

77, pp. 11, 72, 73]. Therefore, Source No. 1 has been documented to contain hazardous substances as 

defined by the HRS Rule [1, p. 51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56]. Chromium, hexavalent chromium, 

and lead are considered to be associated with Source No. 1 [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2]. 

Table 1 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 1

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL or 

RDL Reference

SO-06 Source 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium 3,300 mg/Kg 1.65 mg/Kg 18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 62; 

Lead 845 mg/Kg 1.65 mg/Kg 50, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 13, 73

SO-07 Source 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium 1,450 mg/Kg 1.39 mg/Kg 18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 62; 

Lead 239 mg/Kg 1.39 mg/Kg 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 14, 72

SO-08 Source 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium 5,000 mg/Kg 1.09 mg/Kg 18, pp. 5, 11-12; 28, p. 

62; 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 15,

Lead 848 mg/Kg 1.09 mg/Kg 72

Hexavalent

Chromium 63.7 mg/Kg 18.5 mg/Kg

18, pp. 5, 7-8; 28, p. 62; 

52, p. 8; 77, pp. 1-2, 11, 

72

SO-09 Source 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium 1,790 mg/Kg 1.23 mg/Kg 18, pp. 5, 11-12; 28, p. 

62; 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 16,

Lead 437 mg/Kg 1.23 mg/Kg 72

Hexavalent

Chromium 23.6 mg/Kg 15.5 mg/Kg

18, pp. 5, 7-8; 28, p. 62; 

52, p. 8; 77, pp. 1-2, 11, 

73

SO-10 Source 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium 4,670 mg/Kg 1.22 mg/Kg 18, pp. 9, 11-12; 28, p. 

62; 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 17, 

Lead 919 mg/Kg 1.22 mg/Kg 72
Source Characterization

Source No. 1

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 42 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 1 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 1

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL or 

RDL Reference

SO-11 Source 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium 9,130 mg/Kg 2.53 mg/Kg 18, pp. 9, 11-12; 28, p. 

62; 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 18, 

Lead 2,300 mg/Kg 1.26 mg/Kg 72

SO-12 Source 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium 5,380 mg/Kg 1.21 mg/Kg 18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 62; 

Lead 1,380 mg/Kg 1.21 mg/Kg 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 19, 72

SO-13 Source 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium 7,030 mg/Kg 1.57 mg/Kg 18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 62; 

Lead 1,530 mg/Kg 1.57 mg/Kg 50, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 20, 73

SO-14 Source 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium 3,340 mg/Kg 1.49 mg/Kg 18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 62; 

Lead 889.0 mg/Kg 1.49 mg/Kg 50, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 21, 73

Jan. = January CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

RDL = Reportable Detection Limit

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

List of Hazardous Substances Associated with Source

Chromium

Hexavalent Chromium

Lead

2.2.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AVAILABLE TO A PATHWAY

On-site observations indicate that no portion of Source No. 1 has a maintained engineered cover or 

complete run-on or runoff control management systems [18, p. 28]. Therefore, Source No. 1 does not 

have full containment, and the source yields a containment value of 10 for the overland flow component 

of the Surface Water pathway [1, p. 51609 (Table 4-2)].

Table 2 - Hazardous Substances Available to Pathways

Containment Description Containment Factor References

Release via overland migration and/or flood: Based on the 

lack of a maintained engineered cover, and any complete runon and runoff control management systems, a Containment 

Factor Value of 10 has been assigned for release via overland 

migration and/or flood for Source No. 1.

10 1, p. 51609

(Table 4-2); 

18, p. 28

2.4.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

2.4.2.1 Hazardous Waste Quantity
Source Characterization

Source No. 1

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 43 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

The Hazardous Waste Quantity for Source No. 1 was assigned based on the Volume Assigned Value of a 

“pile” source type [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5, Section 2.4.2.1.3]. The Hazardous Constituent Quantity and 

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Values were not evaluated for Source No. 1 because insufficient 

information was available, as described in the sections below [1, pp. 51590-51591 (Sections 2.4.2.1.1 and 

2.4.2.1.2, Table 2-5)]. 

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 1 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and 

releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [1, pp. 51590-

51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.1)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, 

permits, waste concentration data, etc.) are available to adequately calculate the total mass of all 

CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there 

is insufficient information to calculate the Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 1 with 

reasonable confidence.

Table 3 – Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Hazardous Substance Constituent Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 1 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants 

and contaminants for the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with 

reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.2)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, 

PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, annual reports, etc.) are available to 

adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants and 

contaminants for the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient 

information to adequately calculate or extrapolate the Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 1 

with reasonable confidence. 

Table 4 – Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Hazardous Wastestream Wastestream Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)
Source Characterization

Source No. 1

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 44 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Sum (pounds):

Sum of Wastestream Quantity/5,000 (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.3 Volume

Description

An estimated volume calculation was determined for Source No. 1 based on on-site observations, as well 

as height measurements and perimeter area GPS data obtained in the field [9, pp. 1-3, 5]. Based on height 

measurements and perimeter area GPS data obtained in the field, a volume estimate of 1,173 yd3 was 

calculated [9, pp. 1-3, 5]. Information provided by EPA, which was calculated based on observations 

made in the field, indicated an estimated volume for Source No. 1 of approximately 1,400 yd3 [67]. 

Therefore, the volume estimate of 1,173 yd3 utilized for this HRS documentation record and presented 

below is a minimal estimate. 

Table 5 – Volume

Source 

Type

Description

(# drums or dimensions)

Units

(yd3

) References

Pile Contaminated Soil Pile 1,173 9, pp. 1-3

The volume of a “pile” source, in yd3

, is divided by 2.5 to assign a Hazardous Waste Quantity to the 

source [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Sum (yd3

): 1,173

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 1,173 yd3 ÷ 2.5 = 469.2

Volume Assigned Value: 469.2

2.4.2.1.4 Area

Description

Based on the HRS Rule, if the volume of a source can be determined, the area measure of that source 

should not be evaluated and the area value assigned should be zero [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.3].

Table 6 – Area

Source Type Units (ft2) References

NE (Not evaluated)

The area of a “pile” source, in ft2

, is divided by 13 to assign a Hazardous Waste Quantity to the source [1, 

p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 
Source Characterization

Source No. 1

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 45 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Area Assigned Value: 0

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Value for Source No. 1 was assigned based on the Volume Assigned

Value of 469.2, as the highest HWQ value obtained [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. The Hazardous Constituent 

Quantity and Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source No. 1

because insufficient information was available [1, pp. 51590-51591, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2]. 

Highest HWQ value assigned from Ref. 1, Table 2-5: 469.2
Source Characterization

Source No. 2

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 46 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

2.2.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Name of Source: Residential Pile 

Number of Source: Source No. 2

Source Type: Pile

Description and Location of Source:

The Residential Pile Source (Pile - Source No. 2) is located on the central portion of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property, on the parcel identified on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 

89, as Lot No. 4 (see Figure 5) [10; 12; 18, pp. 2-3; 65, p.1; 66]. The geographic coordinates of the 

Residential Pile Source, as measured from its approximate center, are 41° 57′ 27.6′′ north latitude and 71° 

17′ 49.7′′ west longitude [11]. 

During Phase 2 of the EPA EPRB SI, START conducted surface and subsurface soil sampling at

residential properties along Paulette Lane, east of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [16, pp. 6-7; 29, 

pp. 15, 52]. Analytical results of soil samples indicated elevated levels of metals, including lead up to 

1,500 mg/Kg, total chromium up to 67,700 mg/Kg, and hexavalent chromium up to 1,900 mg/Kg [16, p. 

9; 29, pp. 38-39]. On 18 October 2010, EPA began a time-critical Removal Action at the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. property [16, p. 9]. On 27 June 2011, EPA began excavation activities at the residential 

properties along Paulette Lane [16, p. 10]. Excavated soils from residential properties along Paulette 

Lane were stockpiled on site for future off-site disposal [16, pp. 10, 21]. 

According to information provided by the EPA OSC for the EPA EPRB Removal Action at the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property, a pile currently staged on the property, designated as the Residential Pile, consists

of contaminated soil excavated from residential properties along Paulette Lane [18, p. 5; 67]. Additional 

information provided by EPA indicated an estimated volume for Source No. 2 (Residential Pile) of 

approximately 1,900 yd3

, which was calculated based on observations made in the field [67]. Further 

volume calculations were performed for Source No. 2 based on on-site observations, as well as height 

measurements and perimeter area GPS data obtained in the field [9]. Based on these estimated height 

measurements and perimeter area GPS data, a volume estimate of 2,600 yd3 was calculated [9]. Therefore, 

a volume estimate of 1,900 yd3 for Source No. 2 is considered a minimal estimate. During collection of 

source samples from Source No. 2, conducted as part of the 2012 EPA SR, it was observed that the source 

material comprising the Residential Pile was generally homogeneous [18, p. 28].

During the 2012 EPA SR, the Residential Pile was observed to be covered by tarps; however, several

breaches were noted in the tarp cover, and the pile lacked any maintained engineered cover [18, p. 28]. A 

minimal amount of temporary silt fencing was observed adjacent to small portions of the pile; however, 

no fully functioning run-off management system was observed and no run-on control system was noted

[18, p. 28]. Based on topography, on-site observations, and previous reports, stormwater runoff/overland 

flow from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property flows in a southeasterly direction, toward the wetland 

located south of the property [11, p. 2; 18, p. 29; 24, p. 11; 25, p. 32]. 
Source Characterization

Source No. 2

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 47 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

2.2.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOURCE

- Source Samples:

On 25 and 26 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, source sampling activities for the Residential Pile Source were conducted [18, 

p. 10; 28, pp. 24, 61; 31, pp. 1, 26, 28, 33-34].

As part of the Residential Pile Source characterization, four source samples (SO-02, SO-03, SO-04, and 

SO-05) were collected from various locations throughout the pile [18, p. 10; 28, pp. 24, 61]. All source

samples collected from the Residential Pile Source as part of the EPA SR were collected from depths 

down to 2 feet bgs [35, pp. 165-168]. Locations of all source samples collected from the Residential Pile 

Source are depicted in Figure 5. 

Source sample SO-02 was described as moist, dark brown, silt and clay, little organics, trace fine-tocoarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 165]. Source sample SO-03 was described as wet, dark 

brown, silt, some organics, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace clay [35, p. 166]. 

Source sample SO-04 was described as moist, dark brown-to-black, silt and organics, little clay, trace 

fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine gravel [35, p. 167]. Source sample SO-05 was described as dry-to-moist, 

dark brown-to-black, silt and organics, little clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel

[35, p. 168]. 

The source samples (SO-02 through SO-05) were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium analysis 

under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 11-12; 32, p. 9; 50, pp. 1, 10]. COCs for all samples collected as part 

of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The 

applicable COC pages for the Source No. 2 samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are 

provided in available COC and field notes reference documentation [18, pp. 10-12; 32, p. 9]. In addition, 

all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. 

The analytical data for Source No. 2 samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I 

Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [50, pp. 1, 5]. In addition, the validation was 

conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and 

HRS evaluation [35, pp. 167-168; 50, pp. 1, 5]. 

Among the Source No. 2 samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 913 mg/Kg in 

source sample SO-04 [18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 61; 50, p. 10; 72, pp. 9 – 12, 73]. Based on chemical analysis 

of the four source samples (SO-02 through SO-05) collected as part of the EPA SR, Source No. 2 has 

been documented to contain the hazardous substance chromium [1, p. 51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-

56; 28, p. 61; 50, p. 10; 72, pp. 9-12, 73]. Therefore, Source No. 2 has been documented to contain a 

hazardous substance as defined by the HRS Rule, and chromium is considered to be associated with 

Source No. 2 [1, pp. 51586, 51588 (Section 2.2.2); 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56].

Table 7 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 2

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SO-02 Source 26 Jan. 2012 Chromium 314 mg/Kg 1.22 mg/Kg

18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 61; 

50, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 9, 73
Source Characterization

Source No. 2

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 48 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 7 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 2

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SO-03 Source 26 Jan. 2012 Chromium 553 mg/Kg 1.93 mg/Kg

18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 61; 

50, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 10, 73

SO-04 Source 26 Jan. 2012 Chromium 913 mg/Kg 1.84 mg/Kg

18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 61; 

50, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 11, 73

SO-05 Source 26 Jan. 2012 Chromium 779 mg/Kg 1.33 mg/Kg

18, pp. 10-12; 28, p. 61; 

50, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 12, 73

Jan. = January CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

List of Hazardous Substances Associated with Source

Chromium

2.2.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AVAILABLE TO A PATHWAY

On-site observations indicate that no portion of Source No. 2 has a maintained engineered cover or 

complete run-on or runoff control management systems [18, p. 28]. Therefore, Source No. 2 does not 

have full containment, and the source yields a containment value of 10 for the overland flow component 

of the Surface Water Pathway [1, p. 51609 (Table 4-2)].

Table 8 - Hazardous Substances Available to Pathways

Containment Description Containment Factor References

Release via overland migration and/or flood: Based on the 

lack of a maintained engineered cover, and any complete runon and runoff control management systems, a Containment 

Factor Value of 10 has been assigned for release via overland 

migration and/or flood for Source No. 2.

10 1, p. 51609

(Table 4-2); 

18, p. 28
Source Characterization

Source No. 2

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 49 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

2.4.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

2.4.2.1 Hazardous Waste Quantity

The Hazardous Waste Quantity for Source No. 2 was assigned based on the Volume Assigned Value of a 

“pile” source type [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5, Section 2.4.2.1.3]. The Hazardous Constituent Quantity and 

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Values were not evaluated for Source No. 2 because insufficient 

information was available, as described in the sections below [1, pp. 51590-51591 (Sections 2.4.2.1.1 and 

2.4.2.1.2, Table 2-5)]. 

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 2 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and 

releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [1, pp. 51590-

51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.1)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, 

permits, waste concentration data, etc.) are available to adequately calculate the total mass of all 

CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there 

is insufficient information to calculate the Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 2 with 

reasonable confidence.

Table 9 – Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Hazardous Substance Constituent Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 2 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants 

and contaminants for the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with 

reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.2)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, 

PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, annual reports, etc.) are available to 

adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants and 

contaminants for the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient 

information to adequately calculate or extrapolate the Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 2

with reasonable confidence. 
Source Characterization

Source No. 2

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 50 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 10 – Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Hazardous Wastestream Wastestream Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Sum of Wastestream Quantity/5,000 (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.3 Volume

Description

The volume estimate presented for Source No. 2 is based on information provided by EPA, and was 

determined by calculations that were based on observations made in the field. Based on the field 

calculations and information provided by EPA, the volume of Source No. 2 is estimated to be 1,900 yd3

[67]. An estimated volume calculation was also determined based on height measurements and perimeter 

area GPS data obtained in the field [9, pp. 1, 3]. Based on height measurements and perimeter area GPS 

data obtained in the field, a volume estimate of 2,600 yd3 was calculated [9]. Therefore, the volume 

estimate of 1,900 yd3 utilized for this HRS documentation record and presented below is a minimal 

estimate. 

Table 11 – Volume

Source 

Type

Description

(# drums or dimensions)

Units

(yd3

) References

Pile Contaminated Soil Pile 1,900 67

The volume of a “pile” source, in yd3

, is divided by 2.5 to assign a Hazardous Waste Quantity to the 

source [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Sum (yd3

): 1,900

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 1,900 yd3 ÷ 2.5 = 760

Volume Assigned Value: 760

2.4.2.1.4 Area

Description

Based on the HRS Rule, if the volume of a source can be determined, the area measure of that source 

should not be evaluated and the area value assigned should be zero [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.3].
Source Characterization

Source No. 2

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 51 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 12 – Area

Source Type Units (ft2) References

NE (Not Evaluated)

The area of a “pile” source, in ft2

, is divided by 13 to assign a Hazardous Waste Quantity to the source [1, 

p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 

Area Assigned Value: 0

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Value for Source No. 2 was assigned based on the Volume Assigned

Value of 760, as the highest HWQ value obtained [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. The Hazardous Constituent 

Quantity and Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source No. 2

because insufficient information was available [1, pp. 51590-51591, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2]. 

Highest HWQ value assigned from Ref. 1, Table 2-5: 760
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 52 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

2.2.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Name of Source: Surface Impoundment Area Source

Number of Source: Source No. 3

Source Type: Surface Impoundment

Description and Location of Source (with reference to a map of the site):

The Surface Impoundment Area Source (Surface Impoundment - Source No. 3) is located on properties 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which are depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax 

Assessor’s Map No. 89, as Lot No. 3; and on Map No. 59, as Lot Nos. 142, 190A, 220, 225, 227, and 229 

(see Figure 6) [10; 12; 41; 65, p.1; 66; 68]. The geographic coordinates of the Surface Impoundment Area 

Source, as measured from its approximate center, are 41° 57′ 20.5′′ north latitude and 71° 17′ 51.1′′ west 

longitude [11; 41]. 

Based on a 1989 report prepared by RCA for Walton & Lonsbury Inc., untreated wastewater from 

chromium plating operations was historically discharged via a pipe directly into the wetlands located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [24, pp. 16-18, 59; 88]. According to a figure produced by 

RCA for Walton & Lonsbury Inc., the pipe extended southwest from the “chrome electro plating area” 

within the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. facility building, and the discharge was discontinued in 1970 [24, p. 

59; 88]. In the early 1970s, a wastewater treatment system for metals removal and pH adjustment was 

installed, and the pipe was reportedly “abandoned and plugged” [24, p. 18]. 

During excavation activities conducted in April 2011 as part of the EPA EPRB Removal Action, EPA 

uncovered a pipe extending southwest from the area identified as the “former chromium plating room”

toward the wetlands [16, p. 4; 26, pp. 8-9]. XRF field screening results of solid material encountered from 

within the pipe indicated concentrations of chromium at 157,813 mg/Kg, and lead at 78,876 mg/Kg [27]. 

According to the results of EPA’s examination of historical aerial photographs, the uncovered pipe 

terminated at the approximate edge of a former unnamed stream, which historically flowed south from the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property toward the wetland [16, p. 4]. Based on EPA’s assessment of aerial 

photographs, the streambed of the former unnamed stream had been enlarged and converted into a 

dewatering impoundment and lagoon in the 1970s [16, p. 4].

Analytical results of samples collected in 2010 and 2011 as part of the EPA EPRB SI revealed extensive 

chromium and lead contamination throughout several acres within the wetland south of the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. property, as well as elevated levels of these elements in soils along rear portions of 

adjacent residential properties along Deanville Road and North Avenue [29, pp. 17-20, 40-41, 54, 56, 58]. 

Laboratory analytical results of samples collected from these wetland areas during the EPA EPRB SI at 

depths less than 2 feet below the sediment/water interface indicated elevated levels of chromium (up to 

42,000 mg/Kg); hexavalent chromium (up to 110 mg/Kg); and lead (up to 9,300 mg/Kg) [29, pp. 40-41]. 

Analytical results of sediment samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR indicated concentrations

significantly above background levels in each of the five sediment samples collected from the wetland, as 

presented in the sections below. Source No. 3 has been characterized by analysis of sediment samples 

which, based on the locations of the samples, appear to represent sediments beside or underneath the 

former surface impoundment (see Figures 6 and 7). These sediments became contaminated via runoff or 

deposition from former liquid waste surface impoundment material. 
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 53 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Aerial imagery from 1961 was utilized to determine the area of Source No. 3 (see Figure 6) [41; 90]. The 

1961 aerial imagery indicates evidence of the surface impoundment south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

facility building [90]. Based on an interpretation of the 1961 aerial imagery, the historical surface 

impoundment consisted of two areas of open water, and therefore no soil cover was identified within the 

surface impoundment area [41; 90]. In addition, this area was observed to be covered by water during the 

2012 EPA SR sediment sampling activities [35, pp. 185-186, 188, 190; 41; 90]. A trench connecting the 

two areas of open water is apparent in the 1961 aerial imagery, and remnants of the trench were also 

observed during EPA SR sediment sampling activities [41; 90]. No other information regarding the areal 

extent of the historical surface impoundment south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property was found in 

available file documentation. 

Based on a 1950 topographical map and the 1988 RCA figure, the area historically encompassed by the 

surface impoundment, as determined by interpretation of the 1961 aerial imagery, consisted of generally 

level topography and wetland areas, similar to the conditions observed in 2012 [11, p. 2; 90; 91; 103, pp. 

7-10]. A 1990 report by RCA indicates that at the time of the report, portions of the Walton & Lonsbury 

Inc. property, as well as adjacent properties to the south and west, exhibited the characteristics of a 

wetland; however, no formal wetland delineation was found in available documentation [17, p. 16]. 

Therefore, it is unknown based on available documentation whether the historical surface impoundment 

included additional portions of the wetland than those areas identified via interpretation of the 1961 aerial 

imagery, or whether the surface impoundment historically extended to the boundaries of the wetland area 

as mapped by EPA in 2012 (which encompasses 8.5 acres) [103, pp. 10, 26]. Based on the limited 

information available, only the area identified as open water via interpretation of the 1961 aerial imagery 

is presented as the area of Source No. 3, although the source area could be larger [41; 90]. Based on the 

1961 aerial imagery depicting the surface impoundments areas, and areal calculations conducted using 

Geographic Information System (GIS) software, the area of Source No. 3 was determined to be 130,389 

square feet (ft2

) (equivalent to 2.99 acres) [41].

2.2.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOURCE

- Background Concentrations:

The Surface Impoundment Area Source (Source No. 3) is a surface impoundment source type. However, 

the surface impoundment liquid waste material is no longer present; rather, Source No. 3 sediment

samples consist of contaminated sediment material from beside or underneath the former impoundment, 

which came to be contaminated by contaminated impoundment material. The samples documenting the 

surface impoundment source contained naturally occurring native sediment material; therefore, a 

comparison to background sediment samples is presented [18, pp. 5-6, 9; 28, pp. 19, 23, 63]. 

On 25 and 26 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, background sediment sampling activities were conducted [18, pp. 5-6, 9; 28, 

pp. 19, 23, 63; 31, pp. 1, 26, 30, 36, 38]. Two background sediment samples (SD-01C and SD-01D) were 

collected from an upstream tributary on an undeveloped parcel located southwest of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property, depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 89, as “P/O 110, 

taken for Interstate 95” (see Figure 7) [10; 12; 18, pp. 5-6; 28, p. 19, 63]. In addition, one background 

sediment sample (SD-03) was collected from a location immediately southwest of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property, from a property depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 

59, as Lot Nos. 185 to 190 (land taken for Interstate Routes 95 and 295) [10; 12; 68]. Background 

sediment sample SD-03 was collected immediately downstream of the discharge point of an outfall pipe,

which emerges from a retaining wall of the property located immediately adjacent to and west of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 9; 28, pp. 23, 63]. Based on information provided in a previous 
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 54 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

report, the outfall pipe discharges stormwater runoff from the industrial park area west of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property [24, p. 15]. 

The three background sediment samples (SD-01C, SD-01D, and SD-03) were collected in the vicinity of 

the site from the same depth interval (0- to 2-feet bgs), during the same time period, and utilizing the 

same collection and analytical methods as the sediment samples presented as part of the Source No. 3

Characterization [18, pp. 5-7, 9, 11-12; 28, pp. 19-20, 23, 63-64; 32, p. 10; 35, pp. 179-180, 183, 186, 

188; 54, p. 1; 64, p. 1]. The three background sediment samples collected during the 2012 EPA SR

contained varying compositions of naturally occurring native matrix materials [35, pp. 179-180, 183]. In 

addition, the background sediment samples and the sediment samples contained similar native matrix

materials [35, pp. 179-180, 183, 185-186, 188, 190]. All three background sediment samples are 

presented as part of this HRS documentation record, and Source No. 3 sediment samples were compared 

to the highest concentrations detected among the three background sediment samples for the analytes 

presented.

Background sediment sample SD-01C was described as saturated, dark brown, organics and silt, trace 

fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 179]. Background sediment sample SD-01D was 

described as saturated, brown-to-olive green, silt and organics, little clay, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace 

fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 180]. Background sediment sample SD-03 was described as saturated, 

brown-to-cinnamon brown, fine to coarse sand, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace silt [35, 

p. 183].

Background sediment samples SD-01C, SD-01D, and SD-03 were submitted to a CLP laboratory for 

chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 11-12; 32, p. 10; 64, pp. 1, 9]. COCs for 

all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS documentation record are 

provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the Source No. 3 background sediment samples,

and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes reference 

documentation [18, pp. 5-6, 9, 11-12; 32, p. 10]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated sample 

numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Source No. 3 

samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data 

Validation Guidelines [64, pp. 1, 4]. In addition, the validation was conducted independently by 

designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 179-

180, 183; 64, pp. 1, 4]. As part of this HRS documentation record and the evaluation of background 

concentrations, the following hazardous substances in background sediment samples are presented: 

chromium and lead.

Among the three background sediment samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 

9.9 J mg/Kg in samples SD-01C and SD-03; and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 35.8 J 

mg/Kg in sample SD-01C [18, pp. 5-6, 9, 11-12; 28, p. 63; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 7, 53, 54, 58]. 
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 55 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 13 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Samples

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration Bias*

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SD-01C Sediment 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium

9.9 J 

(12.8) mg/Kg Unknown 2 mg/Kg

18, pp. 5-6, 11-

12; 28, p. 63; 

64, p. 9; 73, pp. 

1-2, 7, 53 Lead

35.8 J 

(51.6) mg/Kg Unknown 2 mg/Kg

SD-01D Sediment 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium

8.5 J 

(11) mg/Kg Unknown 1.1 mg/Kg

18, pp. 5-6, 11-

12; 28, p. 63; 

64, p. 9; 73, pp. 

1-2, 7, 54 Lead

8.6 J 

(12.4) mg/Kg Unknown 1.1 mg/Kg

SD-03 Sediment 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium

9.9 J 

(12.8) mg/Kg Unknown 0.9 mg/Kg

18, pp. 9, 11-

12; 28, p. 63; 

64, p. 9; 73, pp. 

1-2, 7, 58 Lead

14.0 J 

(20.2) mg/Kg Unknown 0.9 mg/Kg

Jan. = January

CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

J = The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity and the bias resulting from the 

estimate has been considered as explained below [73, p. 7].

( ) = For hazardous substance concentrations, denotes concentration of the compound or element 

following adjustment. Based on the EPA Fact Sheet Using Qualified Data to Document an 

Observed Release and Observed Contamination, for HRS purposes it is not required to adjust 

qualified data for sources. Although the fact sheet was not intended for application to source 

data, it has been applied in this situation to demonstrate the relative increase in contamination 

in the samples over background levels [70]. 

* An explanation for the direction of the bias is provided in Reference 73, Table 3.

- Samples:

On 25 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 2012 SiteSpecific QAPP, sediment sampling activities for the Surface Impoundment Area Source (Source No. 3) 

were conducted [18, pp. 5, 7, 11-12; 28, pp. 19-20, 64; 31, pp. 1, 26, 30, 36, 38].

As part of the Source No. 3 characterization, two sediment samples (SD-05A and SD-07A) were collected 

from within the area determined to be encompassed by Source No. 3 [18, pp. 4, 7, 11-12; 28, pp. 18, 20, 

64-65; 41]. Three additional sediment samples (SD-04B and field duplicate SD-08B, and SD-06A) were 

collected from nearby locations within the wetland area delineated by EPA [18, pp. 5, 9, 11-12; 28, pp. 

19, 22, 64-65; 103, pp. 10, 26]. The five sediment samples collected from Source No. 3 and surrounding 

wetland areas during the EPA SR were collected from depths down to 2 feet bgs [28, pp. 64-65; 35, pp. 

185-186, 188, 190]. Locations of the sediment samples collected from Source No. 3 and surrounding 

wetland areas are depicted in Figure 7.

Sediment samples collected from Source No. 3 and surrounding wetland areas were of similar 

composition to the native matrix materials described in the background sediment samples presented for 
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 56 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Source No. 3. Sediment sample SD-04B and field duplicate sample SD-08B were described as saturated, 

dark brown-to-olive, organics and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace clay [35, p. 185]. Sediment sample 

SD-05A was described as dark brown, organics, some silt, trace clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 

186]. Sediment sample SD-06A was described as saturated, dark brown, organics, some silt, little clay, 

trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 188]. Sediment sample SD-07A was described as dark brown, silt and 

fine-to-coarse sand, some organics, trace clay, fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 190].

The five sediment samples (SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, SD-07A, and SD-08B) were submitted to a CLP 

laboratory for chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 11-12; 32, p. 10; 54, pp. 1, 

9; 64, pp. 1, 9]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS 

documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the five sediment

samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes 

reference documentation [18, pp. 4-5, 7, 9, 11-12; 32, p. 10]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated 

sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for the 

five sediment samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and 

Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [54, pp. 1, 5; 64, p. 1, 4]. In addition, the validation was conducted 

independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and HRS 

evaluation [35, pp. 185-186, 188, 190; 54, pp. 1, 5; 64, p. 1, 4]. 

Among the five sediment samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 28,300 J

mg/Kg in sediment sample SD-06A, collected from the southeastern portion of the area which was 

determined, based on interpretation of 1961 aerial imagery, to be encompassed by the Surface 

Impoundment Area Source (see Figure 7) [18, pp. 4-5, 7, 9, 11-12; 28, p. 64; 41; 54, p. 9; 74, pp. 7, 51-

52; 90]. Lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 1,310 J mg/Kg in sediment sample SD-05A, 

collected from the central-southern portion of the Surface Impoundment Area Source (see Figure 7) [18, 

pp. 4-5, 7, 9, 11-12; 28, p. 64; 41; 54, p. 9; 74, pp. 7, 51-52; 90]. Based on chemical analysis of sediment 

samples collected as part of the EPA SR, Source No. 3 has been documented to contain the hazardous 

substances chromium and lead at concentrations significantly above background concentrations [1, p. 

51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56; 28, pp. 64-65; 54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-

52]. Therefore, Source No. 3 has been documented to contain hazardous substances as defined by the 

HRS Rule [1, p. 51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56]. Chromium and lead are considered to be associated 

with the Surface Impoundment Area Source [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2]. 

Table 14 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 3

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration Bias*

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SD-04B Sediment 26 Jan. 2012 Chromium

2,320 J 

(1,798) mg/Kg Unknown 1 mg/Kg

18, pp. 9, 11-

12; 28, p. 64;

64, p. 9; 73, 

pp. 1-2, 8, 59

SD-05A Sediment 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium

26,500 J 

(20,540) mg/Kg Unknown 10 mg/Kg 18, pp. 7, 11-

12; 28, p. 64; 

54, p. 9; 74, 

Lead pp. 1-2, 7, 51

1,310 J 

(910) mg/Kg Unknown 1 mg/Kg
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 57 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 14 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 3

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration Bias*

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SD-06A Sediment 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium

28,300 J 

(21,940) mg/Kg Unknown 10 mg/Kg 18, pp. 5, 11-

12; 28, p. 64; 

54, p. 9; 74, 

Lead pp. 1-2, 7, 52

539 J 

(374) mg/Kg Unknown 1 mg/Kg

SD-07A Sediment 25 Jan. 2012 Chromium

4,860 J 

(3,767) mg/Kg Unknown 2.4 mg/Kg 18, pp. 4, 11-

12; 28, p. 65; 

64, p. 9; 73, 

Lead pp. 1-2, 8, 57

250 J 

(174) mg/Kg Unknown 2.4 mg/Kg

SD-08B Sediment 26 Jan. 2012

Chromium

4,320 J 

(3,349) mg/Kg Unknown 1.4 mg/Kg 18, pp. 9, 11-

12; 28, p. 65; 

64, p. 9; 73, 

Lead pp. 1-2, 8, 60

342 J 

(238) mg/Kg Unknown 1.4 mg/Kg

Jan. = January CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

J = The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity and the bias resulting from the 

estimate has been considered as explained below [74, p. 7].

( ) = For hazardous substance concentrations, denotes concentration of the compound or element 

following adjustment. Based on the EPA Fact Sheet, Using Qualified Data to Document an 

Observed Release and Observed Contamination for HRS purposes it is not required to adjust 

qualified source data. Although the fact sheet was not intended for application to source data, 

it has been applied in this situation to demonstrate the relative increase in contamination in the 

source samples over background levels [70]. 

* An explanation for the direction of the bias is provided in Reference 73, Table 4 and Reference 

74, Table 3.

List of Hazardous Substances Associated with Source

Chromium

Lead

2.2.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AVAILABLE TO A PATHWAY

Surface water flows in a southerly direction through the Surface Impoundment Source Area and the 

surrounding wetlands, toward a drainage culvert near the corner of Deanville Road and North Avenue 

[19, p. 2; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 2]. Based on observations and investigations conducted as part of the 2012 

EPA SR, as well as information provided by City of Attleboro, MA Department of Public Works (DPW)

personnel, surface water entering the drainage culvert then flows south-southeast through piping 

underneath Deanville Road [18, pp. 16, 25; 21]. Surface water flows through the piping to a manhole on a 

residential property designated during the EPA SR as “P-09”, identified on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 114B [18, pp. 16, 25; 21; 69]. On 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA 

SR, one sediment sample (SD-09) was collected from the manhole on property “P-09”, to document 

migration of contamination downstream from the wetland area [18, p. 25; 28, pp. 37, 65]. Sediment 
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 58 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

sample SD-09 was submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW 

ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, p. 11; 53, pp. 1, 12]. The analytical results were validated on a Tier II level 

according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines; in addition, the 

validation was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample 

collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 186; 53, pp. 1, 4, 12]. Analytical results of SD-09 indicated a 

chromium concentration of 672 mg/Kg, meeting the criteria for establishing an observed release [1, p. 

51589 (Table 2-3); 53, p. 12; 72, pp. 22, 77]. Therefore, analytical results of chromium in sediment 

sample SD-09, collected from a manhole downstream of Source No. 3, indicate evidence of hazardous 

substance migration from Source No. 3. Based on evidence of hazardous substance migration from the 

source, Source No. 3 does not have full containment, and the source yields a containment value of 10 for 

the overland flow component of the Surface Water pathway [1, p. 51610 (Table 4-2)]. In addition, surface 

water within the wetland which encompasses Source No. 3 was observed to flood south from the wetland, 

over Deanville Road, and onto residential properties located along Deanville Road [18, p. 28]. Therefore, 

field observations, as well as documentation provided by the City of Attleboro, MA DPW, indicate a lack 

of fully functioning diking for Source No. 3 [18, p. 28; 21].

Table 15 - Hazardous Substances Available to Pathways

Containment Description Containment 

Factor

References

Release via overland migration and/or flood: Based on 

evidence of hazardous substance migration, as well as a 

lack of maintained diking, a Containment Factor Value of 

10 has been assigned for release via overland migration 

and/or flood for Source No. 3.

10 1, p. 51610 (Table 4-

2); 18, p. 25, 27-28; 

21; 28, pp. 37, 65; 32, 

p. 11; 53, pp. 1, 12

2.4.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

2.4.2.1 Hazardous Waste Quantity

The Hazardous Waste Quantity for Source No. 3 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value of a 

“surface impoundment” source type [1, p. 51591 (Table 2-5, Section 2.4.2.1.4)]. The Hazardous

Constituent Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream Quantity, and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated 

for Source No. 3 because insufficient information was available, as described in the sections below [1, p. 

51591 (Table 2-5, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2 and 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 3 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and 

releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [1, pp. 51590-

51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.1)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, 

permits, waste concentration data, etc.) are available to adequately calculate the total mass of all 

CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there 

is insufficient information to calculate the Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 3 with 

reasonable confidence.
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 59 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 16 – Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Hazardous Substance Constituent Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 3 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants 

and contaminants for the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with 

reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.2)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, 

PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, annual reports, etc.) are available to 

adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants and 

contaminants for the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient 

information to adequately calculate or extrapolate the Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 3 

with reasonable confidence. 

Table 17 – Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Hazardous Wastestream Wastestream Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Sum of Wastestream Quantity/5,000 (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.3 Volume

Description

The volume for Source No. 3 could not be adequately determined according to the HRS Rule 

requirements because insufficient historical and current waste sampling data are available to adequately 

calculate the volume of the source with reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

Insufficient historical or current sampling data are available to adequately estimate the depth of waste 

material within the source. Therefore, there is insufficient information to adequately calculate or estimate 

the volume for Source No. 3 with reasonable confidence.
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 60 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 18 – Volume

Source Type

Description

(# drums or dimensions)

Units

(yd3) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (yd3

):

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Volume Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.4 Area

Description

Aerial imagery from 1961 was utilized to determine the area of Source No. 3 (see Figure 6) [41; 90]. The 

1961 aerial imagery indicates evidence of the surface impoundment south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

facility building [90]. Based on an interpretation of the 1961 aerial imagery, the historical surface 

impoundment consisted of two areas of open water [41; 90]. A trench connecting the two areas of open 

water is apparent in the 1961 aerial imagery, and remnants of the trench were also observed during 

sediment sampling activities conducted as part of the 2012 EPA SR [41; 90]. No other information 

regarding the areal extent of the historical surface impoundment south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property was found in available file documentation.

Based on a 1950 topographical map and a 1988 RCA figure, the area historically encompassed by the 

surface impoundment, as determined by interpretation of the 1961 aerial imagery, consisted of generally 

level topography and wetland areas, similar to the conditions observed in 2012 [11, p. 2; 90; 91; 103, pp. 

7-10]. A 1990 report by RCA indicates that at the time of the report, portions of the Walton & Lonsbury

Inc. property, as well as adjacent properties to the south and west, exhibited the characteristics of a 

wetland; however, no formal wetland delineation was found in available documentation [17, p. 16]. 

Therefore, it is unknown based on available documentation whether the historical surface impoundment 

covered additional portions of the wetland than those areas identified via interpretation of the 1961 aerial 

imagery, or whether the surface impoundment historically extended to the boundaries of the wetland area 

as mapped by EPA in 2012 (which encompasses 8.5 acres) [103, pp. 10, 26].

Analytical results of sediment samples collected during the EPA SR from Source No. 3, and analytical 

results of additional sediment samples collected from nearby locations in the surrounding wetland, 

document contamination within 8.5 acres of wetlands [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2]. However, only the 

smaller area identified as open water via interpretation of the 1961 aerial imagery is presented as the area 

of Source No. 3, although the source area could be larger [41; 90]. Based on the 1961 aerial imagery 

depicting the surface impoundment areas, and areal calculations conducted using GIS software, the area 

of Source No. 3 was determined to be 130,389 ft2 [41].
Source Characterization

Source No. 3

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 61 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 19 – Area

Source Type Units (ft2) References

Surface Impoundment 130,389 41

ft2 = Square Feet

The area of a “surface impoundment” source, in ft2

, is divided by 13 to assign a Hazardous Waste 

Quantity to the source [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Sum (ft2

): 130,389

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 130,389 ft2 ÷ 13 = 10,029.9

Area Assigned Value: 10,029.9

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Value for Source No. 3 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value 

(10,030) [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. The Hazardous Constituent Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream 

Quantity, and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source No. 3 because insufficient 

information was available [1, p. 51591, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2, 2.4.2.1.3]. 

Highest HWQ value assigned from Ref. 1, Table 2-5: 10,029.9
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 62 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

2.2.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Name of Source: Contaminated Soil Source Area A

Number of Source: Source No. 4

Source Type: Contaminated Soil

Description and Location of Source:

Contaminated Soil Source Area A (Contaminated Soil - Source No. 4) comprises 12,308.96 ft2 (0.28

acres) located on portions of seven properties located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see 

Figure 8) [10; 12; 66; 71, pp. 1-2, 6]. These seven properties are depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA 

Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot Nos. 113, and 114B; and on Map No. 59, as Lot Nos. 190A, 220, 225, 

227, and 228 [12; 68; 69]. The geographic coordinates of Source No. 4, as measured from its approximate 

center, are 41° 57′ 18.1′′ north latitude and 71° 17′ 49.3′′ west longitude [11; 71, pp. 1-2].

The majority of Source No. 4 is located along the western portions of residential properties along North 

Avenue, south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and adjacent to (east of) wetland areas (see Figure 

3). A Surface Impoundment Source (Source No. 3) has been documented within the wetlands south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see Source No. 3 section above). Analytical results of samples 

collected from the wetland and Source No. 3 during the EPA EPRB SI and the 2012 EPA SR have 

indicated extensive chromium and lead contamination throughout these areas [16, pp. 6-8, 21; 28, pp. 64-

65; 54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52]. Based on topography and previous reports, 

stormwater runoff/overland flow from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property flows in a southeasterly 

direction, toward the wetland located south of the property [11, p. 2; 24, p. 11; 25, p. 32]. A 1989 report 

prepared by RCA, for Walton & Lonsbury Inc., indicated that terrain in the area of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property is relatively flat, with a gradual slope toward the southeast [24, p. 11]. The RCA 

report further stated that at the time of the report, all runoff from the paved parking lot and the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. building roof flowed off the property in a southeasterly direction, into low-lying areas and 

wetlands south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. facility building [24, p. 11]. Previous reports prepared by 

RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., identified surface water run-off as a potential source of

chromium contamination to the wetland [17, p. 8-9, 11; 23, p. 47; 24, pp. 13, 19]. A 1989 RCA report

states that a potential historical source of chromium contamination to portions of the wetland was surface 

water run-off of chromium-contaminated residue from the electrical room roof of the building, due to the 

roof’s proximity to exhaust ducts from the facility’s chromium plating tanks [24, pp. 11, 19, 49]. Based 

on on-site observations made during sampling activities conducted as part of the 2012 EPA SR, surface 

water runoff currently flows off the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property in a southeasterly direction toward

a low-lying area of open water, prior to discharging to the wetland south of the property [18, p. 29; 103, p. 

4].

During the 2012 EPA SR, surface soil/source samples were collected from Source No. 4 within low-lying 

areas along the western portions of residential properties along North Avenue, east of Source No. 3 and 

the surrounding wetland areas [18, pp. 15-16, 23; 28, pp. 67, 69- 73, 83]. Based on site topography and 

on-site observations, the low-lying areas along the western portions of residential properties along North 

Avenue are subject to surface water flooding from the wetlands [11; 18, pp. 15-16, 23; 19, pp. 2, 6; 109, 

pp. 1, 4]. 

Source No. 4 also includes an area of contaminated soil on portions of two properties along Deanville 
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 63 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Road, south of the wetland downstream of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property; these two properties 

were designated during the 2012 EPA SR as “P-07” and “P-09” [18, pp. 13, 15-16; 28, pp. 28, 71-73]. 

Surface water from Source No. 3 and the surrounding wetlands flows south toward a drainage culvert, 

located in the southeastern portion of the wetlands near the corner of Deanville Road and North Avenue 

[19, p. 2; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 4]. Drainage problems have been documented for surface water within the 

wetlands south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, because the drainage culvert, which extends 

south-southeast from the wetlands through piping underneath Deanville Road, is damaged and partially 

blocked [16, p. 8; 21]. Based on observations and investigations conducted as part of the EPA SR, as 

well as information provided by City of Attleboro, MA personnel, surface water from the wetlands enters

the drainage culvert and flows south-southeast through piping underneath Deanville Road, to a manhole 

on a residential property (“P-09”) along the southern side of Deanville Road [18, pp. 13, 16, 25; 21]. On 2 

February 2012, as part of the EPA SR, one sediment sample (SD-09) was collected from the manhole on 

property “P-09”, identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 114B, to 

document migration of contamination downstream from the wetland [18, p. 25; 28, pp. 37, 65; 69]. 

Validated analytical results of SD-09 indicated a chromium concentration of 672 mg/Kg, significantly 

above background concentrations [18, pp. 27-28; 32, p. 11; 53, pp. 1, 12; 72, pp. 22, 77]. Based on an 

interview with a resident at property P-09 (City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, Lot No. 114B), 

surface water has occasionally overflowed from the manhole and flooded portions of the property, 

including a portion of the property within Source No. 4 [18, p. 16]. Low-lying areas in the northern 

portions of multiple properties along the southern side of Deanville Road, south of the wetland located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, have been observed to be subject to flooding from surface 

water flowing across Deanville Road from the wetland [18, pp. 16, 28].

The area of Source No. 4 was determined to be 12,308.96 ft2

. The area includes the Source No. 4 surface 

soil/source sample locations which document significant contamination with chromium and lead, as 

presented below, and the area lying between these locations; with the exception of areas which are 

covered with permanent water cover and wetlands (10,641.50 ft2

) [28, pp. 67, 69-73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, pp. 

7, 8; 71, pp. 1-2; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42-46, 64, 74, 75, 78, 79]. The area lying between Source No. 4 

surface soil/source sample locations is inferred to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of 

contaminant transport (flooding). All of the Source No. 4 surface soil/source sample locations and the 

entirety of the area of inferred contamination lying between these locations are within an area of the same 

topographical elevation [109, pp. 1, 4]. In addition, Source No. 4 surface soil/source sample locations

west of North Avenue and north of Deanville Road, and the areas of inferred contamination lying 

between these locations, are adjacent to a wetland and within the same topographical elevation [109, pp. 

1, 4]. The area of inferred contamination between contaminated surface soil/source sample locations and 

beneath Deanville Road is presumed to have been historically subject to flooding prior to installation of 

the roadway, as recent on-site observations and documentation have indicated that surface water 

continues to occasionally flood from the wetland to the south across Deanville Road due to drainage 

problems within the wetland [18, p. 28; 21]. The area of inferred contamination between contaminated 

Source No. 4 surface soil/source sample locations on properties south of Deanville Road is presumed to 

be contaminated due to the area topography, observed flooding in nearby areas, and an interview with a 

property owner [109, pp. 1, 4; 18, p. 16, 28]. 

2.2.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOURCE

- Background Concentrations:

Source No. 4 is a contaminated soil source type; therefore, background surface soil samples have been 

utilized to show the soil contamination is above background levels. Between 25 January and 1 February 

2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 2012 Site-Specific 
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 64 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

QAPP, background surface soil sampling activities were conducted [18, pp. 4, 15, 18-22; 28, pp. 18, 27-

28, 30-33, 61, 71, 76-77, 79, 81; 31, pp. 1, 26, 28, 33-34, 42].

Ten background surface soil samples were utilized to document natural background conditions in the 

local vicinity of the site. One background surface soil sample (SO-01B) was collected from an 

undeveloped parcel located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 142 [12; 18, p. 4; 28, pp. 18, 61; 68]. Two background 

surface soil samples (P-06-SS-07 and P-06-SS-08) were collected from a residential property located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's 

Map No. 59, as Lot No. 220 [12; 18, p. 15; 28, pp. 27-28, 71; 68]. One background surface soil sample 

(P-14-SS-01) was collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157D [10; 12; 

18, p. 21; 28, pp. 33, 76; 69]. Two background surface soil samples (P-16-SS-03 and P-16-SS-04) were 

collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is 

depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157B [10; 12; 18, pp. 21-22; 28, 

pp. 33, 77; 69]. One background surface soil sample (P-18-SS-04) was collected from a residential 

property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 96 [10; 12; 18, p. 18; 28, pp. 30, 79; 69]. Three 

background surface soil samples (P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08) were collected from a 

residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the 

City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 126 [10; 12; 18, pp. 19-20; 28, pp. 31-32, 81; 

69]. All background surface soil sample locations are depicted in Figure 4.

The 10 background surface soil samples were collected in the vicinity of the site from the same depth 

interval (0- to 2-feet bgs), during the same time period, and utilizing the same collection and analytical 

methods as the surface soil/source samples presented as part of the Source No. 4 characterization [18, pp. 

4, 14-16, 18-23, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 18, 27-33, 35, 61, 69, 71-73, 76-77, 79, 81; 32, pp. 12, 14-16; 35, pp. 

3, 5, 23, 26, 38-39, 43-44, 46, 53, 58, 91, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163; 50, p. 1; 53, p. 1; 60, p. 1; 61, 

p. 1]. Background surface soil sample SO-01B was described as moist, yellow brown, silt, some fine 

sand, little clay, trace medium-to-coarse gravel, trace organics, trace medium-to-coarse sand [35, p. 163]. 

Background surface soil sample P-06-SS-07 was described as brown-to-dark brown, fine-to-coarse sand, 

some silt, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 43]. Background surface soil 

sample P-06-SS-08 was described as brown, silt and fine-to-coarse sand, little fine-to-medium gravel, 

trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 44]. Background surface soil sample P-14-SS-01 was described as dry, 

brown, silt, trace clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics [35, p. 94].

Background surface soil sample P-16-SS-03 was described as moist, brown-to-dark brown, clay, some 

silt, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 102]. Background surface soil 

sample P-16-SS-04 was described as wet, brown-to-dark brown, clay and silt, trace organics, trace fineto-coarse sand [35, p. 103]. Background surface soil sample P-18-SS-04 was described as brown, fine-tocoarse sand, little silt, little clay, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics [35, p. 117]. Background 

surface soil sample P-22-SS-01A was described as dark brown, silt, little organics, trace fine-to-coarse 

sand [35, p. 137]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-01B was described as moist, dark brown, clay 

and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 138]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS08 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, some silt, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace clay, trace 

organics [35, p. 145].

As presented above, the 10 background surface soil samples contained varying compositions of naturally 

occurring native matrix materials (i.e., sand, silt, clay, gravel, and organic matter), which constituted

major and/or minor components of the sample [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. 

Similarly, the surface soil/source samples presented as part of the Source No. 4 characterization exhibited 

varying compositions of the same naturally occurring native matrix materials (see Surface Soil/Source 
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 65 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Samples presented below). Among the 10 background surface soil samples, various samples contained 

native matrix material compositions that were similar to those of various surface soil/source samples 

presented as part of the Source No. 4 characterization [35, pp. 3, 5, 23, 26, 38-39, 43-44, 46, 53, 58, 94, 

102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. The analytical results of each Source No. 4 surface soil/source sample 

could be compared to the contaminant concentrations detected only in those background surface soil 

sample(s) which displayed the most similar matrix composition. However, for simplicity of the HRS 

documentation record, and to support the case that analytical results of Source No. 4 surface soil/source 

samples are significantly above documented background concentrations, all 10 background surface soil 

samples are presented, and Source No. 4 surface soil/source samples were compared to the highest 

concentrations detected among all 10 background surface soil samples for the analytes presented. 

Regardless of which approach is used for the comparison of contaminant concentrations [i.e., comparing 

Source No. 4 surface soil/source samples to only the background surface soil sample(s) that were most 

similar in composition, or comparing surface soil/source samples to the highest concentrations detected 

among all background surface soil samples], surface soil/source sample analytical results for Source No. 4 

indicate source contaminant concentrations significantly above background levels.

Background surface soil samples SO-01B, P-06-SS-07, P-06-SS-08, P-14-SS-01, P-16-SS-03, P-16-SS04, P-18-SS-04, P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08 were submitted to a CLP laboratory for 

chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15; 50, pp. 1, 9; 

60, pp. 1, 7; 61, pp. 1, 8-9]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in 

this HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the 

background surface soil samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC 

and field notes reference documentation [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15]. In 

addition, all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference 

table [115]. The analytical data for background surface soil samples were validated on a Tier II level 

according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 

1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation was conducted independently by designated chemists who 

were not involved in the sample collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-

138, 145, 163; 50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. As part of this HRS documentation record and the 

evaluation of background concentrations, the following hazardous substances in background surface soil

samples are presented: chromium and lead.

Among the 10 background surface soil samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 

14.1 mg/Kg in sample P-14-SS-01; and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 76.4 mg/Kg in 

sample P-22-SS-01A [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 61, 71, 76, 77, 79, 81; 50, p. 9; 60, p. 

7; 61, pp. 8, 9; 72, pp. 23- 28, 30-31, 72, 74, 81, 82, 84].

Table 20 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Samples

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SO-01B Surface 

Soil 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium 10.7 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg 18, pp. 4, 11-12; 28, p. 

61; 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 32, 

Lead 10.1 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg 72

P-06-SS-07 Surface 

Soil 31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 12.5 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 23, 

Lead 23.4 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 74
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 66 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 20 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Samples

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-06-SS-08 Surface 

Soil 31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 10.3 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 24, 

Lead 31.4 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 74

P-14-SS-01 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 14.1 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

76; 61, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 25, 

Lead 30.4 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 81

P-16-SS-03 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 12.0 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 26, 

Lead 59.9 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 81

P-16-SS-04 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 13.3 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, p. 

77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 27, 

Lead 66.8 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 81

P-18-SS-04 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 11.0 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, p. 

79; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 28, 

Lead 29.4 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 81

P-22-SS-01A Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 10.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 81, 

Lead 76.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 84

P-22-SS-01B Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 9.7 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 30, 

Lead 38.9 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 82

P-22-SS-08 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 10.0 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 31, 

Lead 51.5 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 82; 61, p. 9

Jan. = January CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

Feb. = February mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

- Source Samples:

Between 31 January and 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPAapproved January 2012 Site-Specific QAPP, surface soil/source sampling activities for Source No. 4 were 

conducted [18, pp. 14-16, 18-23, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 27-29, 35, 67, 69, 71-73; 31, pp. 1, 26, 32, 40-43].

As part of the Source No. 4 characterization, 10 surface soil/source samples were collected from 

residential properties located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (samples P-01-SS-02B, P-01-

SS-03B, P-04-SS-03, P-04-SS-06, P-06-SS-02, P-06-SS-03, P-07-SS-02, P-09-SS-02, P-09-SS-07, and P30-SS-02) (see Figure 8) [18, pp. 14-16, 23, 27-28; 28, pp. 27-29, 35, 61, 67, 69, 71-73, 76, 77, 79, 81, 

83]. Surface soil/source samples utilized to characterize Source No. 4 include two samples (P-01-SS-02B 

and P-01-SS-03B) collected from a property designated as “P-01”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 190A; two surface soil/source samples (P-04-SS-03 and P-04-SS-06) 

collected from a property designated as “P-04”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 67 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

59, as Lot No. 225; two surface soil/source samples (P-06-SS-02 and P-06-SS-03) collected from a 

property designated as “P-06”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 

220; two surface soil/source samples (P-07-SS-02, and field duplicate P-30-SS-02) collected from a 

property designated as “P-07”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 

113; and two surface soil/source samples (P-09-SS-02, P-09-SS-07) collected from a property designated 

as “P-09”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 114B [12; 18, pp. 13-

14; 68; 69]. All property designations (e.g., “P-01”, “P-02”, etc.) were assigned during the 2012 EPA SR, 

and are associated with the corresponding identifiers for soil samples collected from each property (e.g., 

P-01-SS-##, P-02-SS-##, etc.) [18, pp. 13-14]. All surface soil/source samples collected from Source No. 

4 as part of the EPA SR were collected from depths less than 2 feet bgs [35, pp. 3, 5, 23, 26, 38-39, 46, 

53, 58]. 

Surface soil/source samples collected from Source No. 4 were of similar composition to the native 

materials described in the background surface soil samples presented for Source No. 4. Surface soil 

sample P-01-SS-02B was described as saturated, dark brown-to-black, silt, little clay, trace fine-to-coarse 

sand, trace organics [35, p. 3]. Surface soil/source sample P-01-SS-03B was described as moist, dark 

brown, silt and clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, little organics [35, p. 5]. Surface soil/source sample P-04-

SS-03 was described as saturated, dark brown, silt, some fine-to-coarse sand, little clay, trace fine-tomedium gravel [35, p. 23]. Surface soil/source sample P-04-SS-06 was described as saturated, silt, some 

fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 26]. Surface soil/source sample P06-SS-02 was described as moist, dark brown, fine-to-coarse sand and silt, trace organics, trace clay, trace 

fine gravel [35, p. 38]. Surface soil/source sample P-06-SS-03 was described as wet, dark brown-to-black, 

silt and fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 39]. Surface 

soil/source sample P-07-SS-02 and field duplicate P-30-SS-02 were described as brown, fine-to-coarse 

sand and silt, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 46]. Surface soil/source

sample P-09-SS-02 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, little silt, trace fine-to medium gravel, 

trace clay, trace organics [35, p. 53]. Surface soil/source sample P-09-SS-07 was described as brown, silt, 

some fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 58]. 

The 10 surface soil/source samples (P-01-SS-02B, P-01-SS-03B, P-04-SS-03, P-04-SS-06, P-06-SS-02, 

P-06-SS-03, P-07-SS-02, P-09-SS-02, P-09-SS-07, and P-30-SS-02) were submitted to a CLP laboratory 

for chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 12, 16; 53, pp. 1, 9; 60, 

pp. 1, 7-8]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS 

documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the Source No. 4 

samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes 

reference documentation [18, pp. 14-16, 23; 32, pp. 12, 16]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated 

sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Source 

No. 4 surface soil/source samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered 

Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation 

was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and 

HRS evaluation [35, pp. 3, 5, 23, 26, 38-39, 46, 53, 58; 53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3]. 

Among the 10 surface soil/source samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 617 

mg/Kg in surface soil/source sample P-07-SS-02, and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 

530 mg/Kg in surface soil/source sample P-04-SS-06 [18, pp. 14-16, 23, 27-28; 28, pp. 67, 69-73, 83; 53, 

p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42-46, 63, 74, 75, 78]. 

Based on chemical analysis of surface soil/source samples collected during the EPA SR, Source No. 4 has 

been documented to contain chromium and lead, which are defined as hazardous substances according to 

the HRS Rule [1, p. 51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56; 28, pp. 67, 69-73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 72, 

pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42-46, 63, 74, 75, 78]. The hazardous substances chromium and lead were detected in 
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 68 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Source No. 4 surface soil/source samples at concentrations significantly above background concentrations

[18, pp. 14-16, 23, 27-28; 28, pp. 67, 69-73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42-46, 63, 74, 

75, 78]. Therefore, the hazardous substances chromium and lead are considered to be associated with 

Source No. 4 [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2]. 

Only contaminated surface soil/source samples which contain hazardous substance concentrations greater

than or equal to three times background levels are presented for the Source No. 4 characterization. Per the 

HRS, contaminated surface soil/source samples with hazardous substance concentrations above 

background levels, but less than three times background levels, could be presented as part of the source 

characterization. However, for the simplicity of this documentation record, and to identify a significant 

increase in source hazardous substance concentrations compared to background levels, only the 

contaminated surface soil/source samples with hazardous substance concentrations greater than or equal 

to three times background levels are presented. If all contaminated surface soil/source samples with 

hazardous substance concentrations above background levels were included in the source 

characterization, the extent of contamination for Source No. 4 would be larger than the area delineated by 

the selection of surface soil/source samples that are presented.

Table 21 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 4

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-01-SS-02B

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source 2 Feb. 2012 Chromium 119 mg/Kg 1.71 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, p. 

67; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

33, 78

P-01-SS-03B

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source 2 Feb. 2012 Chromium 67.7 mg/Kg 1.69 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, p. 

67 ; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

34, 78

P-04-SS-03

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source

31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 112 mg/Kg 1.62 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

69 ; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 338 mg/Kg 1.62 mg/Kg 36, 74

P-04-SS-06

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source

31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 253 mg/Kg 1.45 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

70 ; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 530 mg/Kg 1.45 mg/Kg 37, 74

P-06-SS-02 

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source 31 Jan. 2012 Chromium 147 mg/Kg 1.39 mg/Kg

18, pp. 14, 27-28; 28, p. 

71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

42, 74

P-06-SS-03

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source 31 Jan. 2012 Chromium 187 mg/Kg 1.18 mg/Kg

18, pp. 14, 27-28; 28, p. 

71 ; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

43, 74

P-07-SS-02

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source 31 Jan. 2012 Chromium 617 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg

18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

71 ; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

44, 74

P-09-SS-02

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source

31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 171 mg/Kg 0.77 mg/Kg 18, pp. 16, 27-28; 28, p. 

72; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 235 mg/Kg 0.77 mg/Kg 45, 75
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 69 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 21 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 4

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-09-SS-07

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source 31 Jan. 2012 Chromium 569 mg/Kg 1.08 mg/Kg

18, pp. 16, 27-28; 28, p. 

73; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 

46, 75

P-30-SS-02

Surface 

Soil/ 

Source 31 Jan. 2012 Chromium 536 mg/Kg 0.82 mg/Kg

18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

83; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 

63, 75

Jan. = January CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit.

Feb. = February mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

List of Hazardous Substances Associated with Source

Chromium

Lead

2.2.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AVAILABLE TO A PATHWAY

The area of Source No. 4 (12,308.96 ft2

) includes the locations of 10 surface soil/source samples which 

document significant contamination with chromium and lead, and the area lying between these locations;

with the exception of the areas which are covered with permanent water cover or wetlands [28, pp. 67, 

69-73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1-2, 6; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42-46, 63, 74, 75, 78]. The total 

area between contaminated surface soil/source samples, including areas of permanent water cover and 

wetlands, was determined to be 22,950.46 ft2 [71, pp. 1-2]. Based on on-site observations, wetland 

delineation activities, and an examination of aerial imagery using GIS software, the area covered with 

permanent water cover or wetlands was determined to be 10,641.50 ft2 [71, pp. 1-2]. Therefore, based on 

analysis of GPS coordinates recorded for the locations of the 10 surface soil/source samples presented 

above, analysis and interpretation of aerial photographs of the area, and on-site observations, the area of 

Source No. 4 not covered by water cover and wetlands is approximately 12,308.96 ft2 (22,950.46 ft2 - 

10,641.50 ft2 = 12,308.96 ft2

) [71, pp. 1-2]. On-site observations indicate that no portion of Source No. 4

has a maintained engineered cover or complete run-on or runoff control management systems [18, p. 28]. 

Therefore, Source No. 4 does not have full containment, and the source yields a containment value of 10 

for the overland flow component of the Surface Water pathway [1, p. 51609 (Table 4-2)].

Table 22 - Hazardous Substances Available to Pathways

Containment Description Containment Factor References

Release via overland migration and/or flood: Based on the 

lack of a maintained engineered cover, and any complete runon and runoff control management systems, a Containment 

Factor Value of 10 has been assigned for release via overland 

migration and/or flood for Source No. 4.

10 1, p. 51609

(Table 4-2); 

18, p. 28; 71, 

pp. 1-2, 6
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 70 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

2.4.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

2.4.2.1 Hazardous Waste Quantity

The Hazardous Waste Quantity for Source No. 4 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value of a 

“contaminated soil” source type [1, p. 51591 (Table 2-5, Section 2.4.2.1.4)]. The Hazardous Constituent 

Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream Quantity, and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source 

No. 4 because insufficient information was available, as described in the sections below [1, p. 51591 

(Table 2-5, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2 and 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 4 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and 

releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [1, pp. 51590-

51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.1)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, 

permits, waste concentration data, etc.) are available to adequately calculate the total mass of all 

CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there 

is insufficient information to calculate the Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 4 with 

reasonable confidence.

Table 23 – Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Hazardous Substance Constituent Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 4 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants 

and contaminants for the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with 

reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.2)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, 

PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, annual reports, etc.) are available to 

adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants and 

contaminants for the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient 

information to adequately calculate or extrapolate the Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 4

with reasonable confidence.
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 71 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

Table 24 – Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Hazardous Wastestream Wastestream Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Sum of Wastestream Quantity/5,000 (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.3 Volume

Description

The volume for Source No. 4 could not be adequately determined according to the HRS Rule 

requirements because insufficient historical and current waste sampling data are available to adequately 

calculate the volume of the source with reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

Insufficient historical or current sampling data are available to adequately estimate the depth of waste 

material within the source. Therefore, there is insufficient information to adequately calculate or estimate 

the volume for Source No. 4 with reasonable confidence.

Table 25 – Volume

Source Type

Description

(# drums or dimensions)

Units

(yd3) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (yd3

):

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Volume Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.4 Area

Description

The area of Source No. 4 includes the surface soil/source sample locations which document significant

contamination with chromium and lead, and the area lying between these locations, with the exception of 

the areas which are covered with permanent water cover or wetlands [28, pp. 67, 69 – 73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, 

pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1-2, 6; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42 - 46, 63, 74, 75, 78]. The area of Source No. 4 was 

determined by connecting six contaminated surface soil/source sample GPS locations [P-01-SS-02B, P01-SS-03B, P-04-SS-06, P-06-SS-02, P-07-SS-02/P-30-SS-02 (field duplicate), and P-09-SS-07] with 

straight lines, using GIS software [71, pp. 1-2]. The total area between contaminated surface soil/source 

sample locations, including areas of permanent water cover and wetlands, was determined to be 22,950.46 

ft2 [71, pp. 1-2]. The area covered with permanent water cover and wetlands was determined to be 

10,641.50 ft2 based on on-site observations, wetland delineation activities, and an examination of aerial 
Source Characterization

Source No. 4

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 72 HRS Documentation Record

MAD001197755 September 2012

imagery using GIS software [71, pp. 1-2]. Source No. 4 therefore comprises 12,308.96 ft2 of 

contaminated soil (22,950.46 ft2 - 10,641.50 ft2 = 12,308.96 ft2

).

Table 26 – Area

Source Type Units (ft2) References

Contaminated Soil 12,308.96 71, pp. 1-2

ft2 = Square Feet

The area of a “contaminated soil” source, in ft2

, is divided by 34,000 to assign a Hazardous Waste 

Quantity to the source [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Sum (ft2

): 12,308.96

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 12,308.96 ft2 ÷ 34,000 = 0.36

Area Assigned Value: 0.36

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Value for Source No. 4 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value 

(0.36) [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. The Hazardous Constituent Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream Quantity, 

and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source No. 4 because insufficient information was 

available [1, p. 51591, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2, 2.4.2.1.3]. 

Highest HWQ value assigned from Ref. 1, Table 2-5: 0.36
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 73 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

2.2.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Name of Source: Contaminated Soil Area B

Number of Source: Source No. 5

Source Type: Contaminated Soil

Description and Location of Source:

Contaminated Soil Area B (Contaminated Soil - Source No. 5) comprises 12,333.88 ft2 (0.28 acres)

located on portions of 11 properties located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see Figure 

9) [10; 12; 66; 71, pp. 1-3, 7]. These 11 properties are depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax 

Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot Nos. 94, 95, 96, 97, 97A, 102A, 104, 109, 110, 111, and 112 [12; 69]. The 

geographic coordinates of Source No. 5, as measured from its approximate center, are 41° 57′ 14.9′′ north 

latitude and 71° 17′ 43.2′′ west longitude [11; 71, pp. 1-3]. 

Source No. 5 is located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and south of Paulette Lane, 

along the eastern portions of residential properties located east of North Avenue and immediately adjacent 

to (west of) Bliss Brook, and along the western portions of residential properties located west of Rounds 

Place and immediately adjacent to (east of) Bliss Brook (see Figure 9) [18, pp. 18-19, 21-25, 27-28; 28, 

pp. 30-31, 33-36, 49, 69, 70, 78-80, 83]. As part of the 2012 EPA SR, Source No. 5 surface soil/source 

samples were collected from low-lying areas on residential properties, adjacent to Bliss Brook [18, pp. 

17-19, 22-25]. Based on site topography, flood zone data, and on-site observations, the low-lying areas of 

residential properties along Source No. 5, adjacent to Bliss Brook, are known or suspected to be subject to 

surface water flooding from Bliss Brook [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25; 109, pp. 1-2, 4]. Interviews with a resident 

at one property along Source No. 5 revealed that Bliss Brook routinely floods his lawn as well as adjacent 

properties [18, pp. 18-19].

Previous reports indicate that ground water flows beneath the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property to the 

east-southeast, and emerges as surface water discharge at residential properties along the eastern portion 

of Paulette Lane [23, p. 47; 24, p. 46]. The most upstream ground water discharge to surface water is 

located along the wetlands associated with the Bliss Brook headwaters (PPE No. 1) [19, p.1]. Surface 

water then flows south within Bliss Brook (toward West Street) until Bliss Brook converges with the 

Bungay River, and continues to flow farther south within the Ten Mile River [19, pp. 1-2; 24, p. 46; 103, 

p. 2]. Investigations conducted by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., have identified a dissolved 

chromium ground water plume associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property; and have identified 

ground water-to-surface-water transport as an active mechanism for contaminant transport from the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property to residential properties along Paulette Lane, and to Bliss Brook and 

downstream surface water bodies [23, pp. 33-40, 47, 69-70]. 

Previous investigations have identified impacts to surface water and sediments along Bliss Brook 

associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [23, pp. 37-40, 47, 69-70; 25, pp. 34-50]. 

Analytical sample results from a 2005 EPA Site Inspection revealed significantly elevated levels of 

chromium and hexavalent chromium at sediment sample locations at the identified PPE for ground waterto-surface water release (8,140 mg/Kg chromium and 6.26 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD-03), 

throughout Bliss Brook (including 6,260 mg/Kg chromium and 5.18 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD05), and downstream to the farthest downstream sediment sample location, near the southeastern outlet of 

Mechanics Pond (1,090 mg/Kg chromium and 2.49 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD-13) [25, pp. 36-
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 74 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

37, 39, 42]. In addition, analytical results of surface soil samples collected during the 2005 EPA Site 

Inspection from residential properties along Source No. 5, adjacent to Bliss Brook, indicated significantly 

elevated concentrations of chromium compared to background concentrations [18, p. 13; 25, pp. 51-56]. 

Analytical results of surface water sampling conducted by MassDEP in July 2011 indicated a 

concentration of 30 μg/L of hexavalent chromium in a surface water sample collected along Bliss Brook, 

north of the intersection of North Avenue and West Street [30, pp. 3, 5, 10, 16].

On 26 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR, surface water sampling was conducted along Bliss Brook, 

southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, and south of the most upstream PPE for the ground 

water-to-surface water pathway [18, pp. 8-9; 28, pp. 4-5, 47, 66-67]. Four surface water samples (SW-09, 

SW-10, SW-11, and SW-12) were collected from Bliss Brook at locations upgradient of and within the 

area encompassed by contaminated Source No. 5 surface soil/source sample locations [18, pp. 11-12; 28, 

pp. 47, 66-67; 35, pp. 193-196]. Surface water samples were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium 

and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3, and to a DAS laboratory for hexavalent chromium analysis 

by EPA SW-846 Method 7196A; and the analytical results were validated on a Tier II level according to 

EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [18, pp. 11-12; 32, pp. 4, 7-8; 35, 

pp. 193-196; 57, pp. 1, 7-8; 72, pp. 5-8, 68-71; 59, pp. 1, 8-9]. Validated analytical results of four surface 

water samples (SW-09, SW-10, SW-11, and SW-12), collected at locations upgradient of and within the 

area encompassed by contaminated Source No. 5 surface soil/source sample locations, indicated elevated 

levels of total chromium (up to 247 μg/L) and hexavalent chromium (up to 96 J μg/L ) [28, pp. 47, 66-67; 

57, pp. 1, 7-8; 72, pp. 5-8, 68-71; 59, pp. 1, 8-9].

The area of Source No. 5 was determined to be 12,333.88 ft2

. The area includes the Source No. 5 surface 

soil/source sample locations which document significant contamination with chromium and lead, as 

presented below, and the area lying between these locations; with the exception of the areas which are 

covered with permanent water cover and wetlands (37,784.69 ft2

) [28, pp. 69, 70, 78-80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 

60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1-3, 7; 72, pp. 35, 38-41, 47-54, 64, 76, 78-81]. The area lying between 

Source No. 5 surface soil/source sample locations is inferred to be contaminated due to the likely 

mechanism of contaminant transport (flooding). All of the Source No. 5 surface soil/source sample 

locations and the entirety of the area of inferred contamination lying between these locations are within an 

area of the same topographical elevation [109, pp. 1-2, 4]. In addition, Source No. 5 surface soil/source 

sample locations and the areas of inferred contamination lying between these locations are within or in 

close proximity to the 100-year flood plain, and adjacent to wetland areas and/or Bliss Brook [109, pp. 1-

2, 4]. Based on on-site observations and an interview with a resident, the low-lying areas of residential 

properties along Source No. 5, adjacent to Bliss Brook, are known or suspected to be subject to surface 

water flooding from Bliss Brook [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25]. Interviews with a resident at one property along 

Source No. 5 revealed that Bliss Brook would routinely flood the lawn on his and adjacent properties [18, 

pp. 18-19]. Therefore, based on area topography, on-site observations, interviews, and flood plain data, 

the areas of inferred contamination lying between contaminated Source No. 5 surface soil/source sample 

locations are presumed to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of contaminant transport 

(flooding) [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25; 109, pp. 1-2, 4].

2.2.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOURCE

- Background Concentrations:

Source No. 5 is a contaminated soil source type; therefore, background surface soil samples have been 

utilized for comparison purposes. Between 25 January and 1 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in 

accordance with the EPA-approved January 2012 Site-Specific QAPP, background surface soil sampling 

activities were conducted [18, pp. 4, 15, 18-22, 25; 28, pp. 18, 27-28, 30-33, 61, 71, 76-77, 79, 81; 31, pp. 

1, 26, 28, 33-34, 42].
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 75 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Ten background surface soil samples were utilized to document natural background conditions in the 

local vicinity of the site. One background surface soil sample (SO-01B) was collected from an 

undeveloped parcel located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 142 [12; 18, p. 4; 28, pp. 18, 61; 68]. Two background 

surface soil samples (P-06-SS-07 and P-06-SS-08) were collected from a residential property located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's 

Map No. 59, as Lot No. 220 [12; 18, p. 15; 28, pp. 27-28, 71; 68]. One background surface soil sample 

(P-14-SS-01) was collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157D [12; 18, 

p. 21; 28, pp. 33, 76; 69]. Two background surface soil samples (P-16-SS-03 and P-16-SS-04) were 

collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is 

depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157B [12; 18, pp. 21-22; 28, pp. 

33, 77; 69]. One background surface soil sample (P-18-SS-04) was collected from a residential property 

located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 96 [12; 18, p. 18; 28, pp. 30, 79; 69]. Three background surface soil

samples (P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08) were collected from a residential property located 

southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 126 [12; 18, pp. 19-20; 28, pp. 31-32, 81; 69]. All background surface 

soil sample locations are depicted in Figure 4.

The 10 background surface soil samples were collected in the vicinity of the site from the same depth 

interval (0- to 2-feet bgs), during the same time period, and utilizing the same collection and analytical 

methods as the surface soil/source samples presented as part of the Source No. 5 characterization [18, pp. 

4, 15, 18-22, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 18, 27-28, 30-36, 61, 69-71, 76-81, 83; 32, pp. 12-16; 35, pp. 20, 30, 33-

35, 43-44, 94, 102-103, 110-111, 117, 120-122, 125-126, 129, 137-138, 145, 163; 50, p. 1; 53, p. 1; 60, p. 

1; 61, p. 1]. The 10 background surface soil samples collected as part of the EPA SR contained varying 

compositions of naturally occurring native materials (i.e., sand, silt, clay, gravel, and organic matter) [35, 

pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. Background surface soil sample SO-01B was described 

as moist, yellow brown, silt, some fine sand, little clay, trace medium-to-coarse gravel, trace organics,

trace medium-to-coarse sand [35, p. 163]. Background surface soil sample P-06-SS-07 was described as 

brown-to-dark brown, fine-to-coarse sand, some silt, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace 

clay [35, p. 43]. Background surface soil sample P-06-SS-08 was described as brown, silt and fine-tocoarse sand, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 44]. Background surface soil 

sample P-14-SS-01 was described as dry, brown, silt, trace clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-tomedium gravel, trace organics [35, p. 94]. Background surface soil sample P-16-SS-03 was described as 

moist, brown-to-dark brown, clay, some silt, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace fine-to-coarse sand

[35, p. 102]. Background surface soil sample P-16-SS-04 was described as wet, brown-to-dark brown, 

clay and silt, trace organics, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 103]. Background surface soil sample P-18-

SS-04 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, little silt, little clay, trace fine-to-medium gravel, 

trace organics [35, p. 117]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-01A was described as dark brown, 

silt, little organics, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 137]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-01B 

was described as moist, dark brown, clay and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 138]. 

Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-08 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, some silt, trace 

fine-to-medium gravel, trace clay, trace organics [35, p. 145].

As presented above, the 10 background surface soil samples contained varying compositions of naturally 

occurring native matrix materials (i.e., sand, silt, clay, gravel, and organic matter), which constituted 

major and/or minor components of the samples [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. 

Similarly, the surface soil/source samples presented as part of the Source No. 5 characterization exhibited 

varying compositions of the same naturally occurring native matrix materials (see Surface Soil/Source 

Samples presented below). Among the 10 background surface soil samples, various samples contained 
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 76 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

native matrix material compositions that were similar to those of various source samples presented as part 

of the Source No. 5 characterization [35, pp. 20, 30, 33-35, 43-44, 94, 102-103, 110-111, 117, 120-122, 

125-126, 129, 137-138, 145, 163]. The analytical results of each Source No. 5 surface soil/source sample 

could be compared to the contaminant concentrations detected only in those background surface soil 

sample(s) which displayed the most similar matrix composition. However, for simplicity of the HRS 

documentation record, and to support the case that analytical results of Source No. 5 surface soil/source 

samples are significantly above documented background concentrations, all 10 background surface soil 

samples are presented, and Source No. 5 surface soil/source samples were compared to the highest 

concentrations detected among all 10 background surface soil samples for the analytes presented. 

Regardless of the approach to comparison of contaminant concentrations [i.e., comparing Source No. 5 

surface soil/source samples to only the background surface soil sample(s) that were most similar in 

composition, or comparing surface soil/source samples to the highest concentrations detected among all 

background surface soil samples], the surface soil/source sample analytical results for Source No. 5 

indicate source contaminant concentrations significantly above background levels.

Background surface soil samples SO-01B, P-06-SS-07, P-06-SS-08, P-14-SS-01, P-16-SS-03, P-16-SS04, P-18-SS-04, P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08 were submitted to a CLP laboratory for 

chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15; 50, pp. 1, 9; 

60, pp. 1, 7; 61, pp. 1, 8-9]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in 

this HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the 

background surface soil samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC 

and field notes reference documentation [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15]. In 

addition, all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference 

table [115]. The analytical data for background surface soil samples were validated on a Tier II level 

according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 

1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation was conducted independently by designated chemists who 

were not involved in the sample collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-

138, 145, 163; 50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. As part of this HRS documentation record and the 

evaluation of background concentrations, the following hazardous substances in background surface soil

samples are presented: chromium and lead.

Among the 10 background surface soil samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 

14.1 mg/Kg in sample P-14-SS-01; and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 76.4 mg/Kg in 

sample P-22-SS-01A [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 61, 71, 76, 77, 79, 81; 50, p. 9; 60, p. 

7; 61, pp. 8, 9; 72, pp. 23- 28, 30-31, 72, 74, 81, 82, 84].

Table 27 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Samples

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SO-01B Surface 

Soil 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium 10.7 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg 18, pp. 4, 11-12, 25, 27-

28; 28, p. 61; 50, p. 9; 72, 

Lead 10.1 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg pp. 1, 32, 72

P-06-SS-07 Surface 

Soil 31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 12.5 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 23, 

Lead 23.4 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 74
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 77 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 27 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Samples

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-06-SS-08 Surface 

Soil 31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 10.3 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 24, 

Lead 31.4 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 74

P-14-SS-01 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 14.1 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

76; 61, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 25, 

Lead 30.4 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 81

P-16-SS-03 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 12.0 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 26, 

Lead 59.9 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 81

P-16-SS-04 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 13.3 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, p. 

77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 27, 

Lead 66.8 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 81

P-18-SS-04 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 11.0 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, p. 

79; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 28, 

Lead 29.4 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 81

P-22-SS-01A Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 10.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 81, 

Lead 76.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 84

P-22-SS-01B Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 9.7 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 30, 

Lead 38.9 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 82

P-22-SS-08 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 10.0 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 31, 

Lead 51.5 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 82; 61, p. 9

Jan. = January CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

Feb. = February mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

- Source Samples:

On 1 and 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, surface soil/source sampling activities for Source No. 5 were conducted [18, 

pp. 22, 27-28; 28, pp. 30-31, 33-36, 69-70, 78-80, 83; 31, pp. 1, 26, 32, 40-43].

As part of the Source No. 5 characterization, 14 surface soil/source samples were collected from 

residential properties located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (samples P-03-SS-05, P05-SS-01, P-05-SS-04, P-05-SS-05, P-05-SS-06, P-17-SS-07A, P-17-SS-07B, P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, 

P-18-SS-09, P-19-SS-03, P-20-SS-01, P-20-SS-04A, and P-31-SS-04A) [18, pp. 18-19, 21-25, 27-28; 28, 

pp. 30-31, 33-36, 69-70, 78-80, 83]. Surface soil/source samples utilized to characterize Source No. 5 

include the following: one surface soil/source sample (P-03-SS-05) collected from a property designated 

as “P-03”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 112; three surface 

soil/source samples (P-05-SS-01, P-05-SS-04, and P-05-SS-05) collected from a property designated as 
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 78 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

“P-05”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 109; one surface 

soil/source sample (P-05-SS-06) collected from a property designated as “P-05”, depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 110; two surface soil/source samples (P-17-SS-07A and 

P-17-SS-07B) collected from a property designated as “P-17”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 94; three surface soil/source samples (P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, and P18-SS-09) collected from a property designated as “P-18”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 96; one surface soil/source sample (P-19-SS-03) collected from a 

property designated as “P-19”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 

97A; and three surface soil/source samples [P-20-SS-01 and P-20-SS-04A/P-31-SS-04A (field duplicate)] 

collected from a property designated as “P-20”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 

49, as Lot No. 97 [28, pp. 30-31, 33-36, 69-70, 78-80, 83; 68; 69]. Surface soil/source samples P-17-SS07A and P-17-SS-07B represent separate depth intervals at the same location; otherwise, all samples

listed above (excluding field duplicates) represent discrete sample locations [18, p. 23; 28, pp. 30-31, 33-

36, 69-70, 78-80, 83]. All property designations (e.g., “P-01”, “P-02”, etc.) were assigned during the 2012 

EPA SR, and are associated with the corresponding identifiers for soil samples collected from each 

property (e.g., P-01-SS-##, P-02-SS-##, etc.) [18, pp. 13-14]. All surface soil/source samples collected 

from the Source No. 5 as part of the 2012 EPA SR were collected from depths less than 2 feet bgs [35, pp. 

20, 30, 33-35, 110-111, 120-122, 125-126, 129]. Locations of surface soil/source samples collected from 

the Source No. 5 are depicted in Figure 9.

Surface soil/source samples collected from Source No. 5 were of similar composition to the native 

materials described in the background surface soil samples presented for Source No. 5. Surface 

soil/source sample P-03-SS-05 was described as wet, yellow brown-to-brown, fine-to-coarse sand, trace 

clay, trace silt, trace fine gravel, trace organics [35, p. 20]. Surface soil/source sample P-05-SS-01 was 

described as saturated, dark brown, clay and silt, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine-tomedium gravel [35, p. 30]. Surface soil/source sample P-05-SS-04 was described as wet, dark brown, silt 

and fine-to-coarse sand, little clay, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 33]. Surface soil/source sample 

P-05-SS-05 was described as dry, dark brown, silt, some fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine-tomedium gravel, trace debris (plastic wrapper, paper) [35, p. 34]. Surface soil/source sample P-05-SS-06

was described as dry, dark brown, silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, little organics, trace clay [35, p. 35]. 

Surface soil/source sample P-17-SS-07A was described as moist, dark brown, silt and clay, trace fine-tocoarse sand, trace fine gravel, trace organics [35, p. 110]. Surface soil/source sample P-17-SS-07B was 

described as saturated, dark brown, silt and clay, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 111]. 

Surface soil/source sample P-18-SS-07 was described as wet, dark brown, silt and clay, little organics, 

trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 120]. Surface soil/source sample P-18-SS08 was described as moist, dark brown, silt and clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine 

gravel [35, p. 121]. Surface soil/source sample P-18-SS-09 was described as saturated, dark brown, silt 

and clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 122]. Surface soil/source

sample P-19-SS-03 was described as dry, dark brown, silt, little clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace 

organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 125]. Surface soil/source sample P-20-SS-01 was described as brown, 

fine-to-coarse sand, little silt, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace clay, trace organics [35, p. 126]. Surface 

soil/source samples P-20-SS-04A and field duplicate P-31-SS-04A were described as brown-to-dark 

brown, silt, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace debris (cinder ash) [35, p. 

129]. 

The 14 surface soil/source samples (P-03-SS-05, P-05-SS-01, P-05-SS-04, P-05-SS-05, P-05-SS-06, P17-SS-07A, P-17-SS-07B, P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, P-18-SS-09, P-19-SS-03, P-20-SS-01, P-20-SS-04A, 

and P-31-SS-04A) were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW 

ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 13-14, 16; 53, pp. 1, 9-10; 60, pp. 1, 9; 61, pp. 1, 7-8]. COCs for all 

samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS documentation record are 

provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the Source No. 5 soil/source samples, and all 
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 79 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes reference documentation

[18, pp. 18-19, 21-25; 32, pp. 13-14, 16]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and 

COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Source No. 5 surface 

soil/source samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and 

Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation 

was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and 

HRS evaluation [35, pp. 20, 30, 33-35, 110-111, 120-122, 125-126, 129; 53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 

1, 3]. 

Among the 14 surface soil/source samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 2,020 

mg/Kg in surface soil/source sample P-18-SS-07, and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 

359 mg/Kg in surface soil/source sample P-19-SS-03 [18, pp. 18-19, 21-25, 27-28; 28, pp. 69, 70, 78-80, 

83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 35, 38-41, 47-54, 64, 76, 78-81].

Based on chemical analysis of surface soil/source samples collected as part of the EPA SR, Source No. 5

has been documented to contain chromium and lead, which are defined as hazardous substances 

according to the HRS Rule [1, p. 51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56; 28, pp. 69, 70, 78 - 80, 83; 53, pp. 

9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 35, 38-41, 47-54, 64, 76, 78-81]. The hazardous substances chromium 

and lead were detected in Source No. 5 surface soil/source samples at concentrations significantly above 

background concentrations [28, pp. 69, 70, 78 - 80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 35, 38-

41, 47-54, 64, 76, 78-81]. Therefore, chromium and lead are considered to be associated with Source No. 

5 [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2]. 

Only contaminated surface soil/source samples which contain hazardous substance concentrations greater

than or equal to three times background levels are presented for the Source No. 5 characterization. Per the 

HRS, contaminated surface soil/source samples with hazardous substance concentrations above 

background levels, but less than three times background levels, could be presented as part of the source 

characterization. However, for the simplicity of this documentation record, and to identify a significant 

increase in source hazardous substance concentrations compared to background levels, only the 

contaminated surface soil/source samples with hazardous substance concentrations greater than or equal 

to three times background levels are presented. If all contaminated surface soil/source samples with 

hazardous substance concentrations above background levels were included in the source 

characterization, the extent of contamination for Source No. 5 would be larger than the area delineated by 

the selection of surface soil/source samples that are presented.

Table 28 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 5

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-03-SS-05 

Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012 Chromium 55.6 mg/Kg 1.06 mg/Kg

18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

69; 60, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

35, 76

P-05-SS-01

Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012 Chromium 261 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, p. 

70 ; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

38, 80

P-05-SS-04

Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012 Chromium 258 mg/Kg 1.18 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, 

p.70; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

39, 80
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 80 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 28 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 5

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-05-SS-05

Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012 Chromium 104 mg/Kg 1.07 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, p. 

70; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

40, 80

P-05-SS-06

Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012 Chromium 234 mg/Kg 1.28 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, p. 

70; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

41, 80

P-17-SS-07A

Surface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012 Chromium 857 mg/Kg 2.08 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, p. 

78; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

47, 78; 53, p. 9

P-17-SS-07B

Surface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012 Chromium 72.2 mg/Kg 1.26 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, p. 

78; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

48, 78

P-18-SS-07

Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012 Chromium 2,020 mg/Kg 2.01 mg/Kg

18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, p. 

79; 61, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 

49, 81

P-18-SS-08

Surface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012 Chromium 1,000 mg/Kg 1.74 mg/Kg

18, pp. 25, 27-28; 28, p. 

79 ; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

50, 78

P-18-SS-09

Surface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012 Chromium 270 mg/Kg 1.18 mg/Kg

18, pp. 25, 27-28; 28, p. 

79; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

51, 78

P-19-SS-03 Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 45.0 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, p. 

79; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 359 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 52, 80

P-20-SS-01

Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012 Lead 326 mg/Kg 1.46 mg/Kg

18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, p. 

80; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

53, 80

P-20-SS-04A Surface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012

Chromium 64.5 mg/Kg 1.49 mg/Kg 18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, p. 

80; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 311 mg/Kg 1.49 mg/Kg 54, 78

P-31-SS-04A Surface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012

Chromium 67.8 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, p. 

83; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 304 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 64, 79

Feb. = February CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit.

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

List of Hazardous Substances Associated with Source

Chromium

Lead
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 81 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

2.2.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AVAILABLE TO A PATHWAY 

The area of Source No. 5 (12,333.88 ft2

) includes the surface soil/source sample locations which 

document significant contamination with chromium and lead, and the area lying between these locations;

with the exception of the areas which are covered with permanent water cover or wetlands [28, pp. 69, 70, 

78-80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1-3, 7; 72, pp. 35, 38-41, 47-54, 64, 76, 78-81]. The 

total area between contaminated surface soil/source samples, including the area of essentially 

impermeable cover, was determined to be 50,118.57 ft2 [71, pp. 1-3]. Based on on-site observations, 

wetland delineation activities, and an interpretation of aerial imagery using GIS software, the area 

covered with permanent water cover or wetlands was determined to be 37,784.69 ft2 [71, pp. 1-3]. 

Therefore, based on analysis of GPS coordinates recorded for the 14 surface soil/source sample locations 

presented above, analysis and interpretation of aerial photographs of the area, and on-site observations, 

the area of Source No. 5 not covered by impermeable cover is approximately 12,333.88 ft2 (50,118.57 ft2

- 37,784.69 ft2 = 12,333.88 ft2

) [71, pp. 1-3]. On-site observations indicate that no portion of Source No. 

5 has a maintained engineered cover or complete run-on or runoff control management systems [18, p. 

28]. Therefore, Source No. 5 does not have full containment, and the source yields a containment value 

of 10 for the overland flow component of the Surface Water pathway [1, p. 51609 (Table 4-2)].

Table 29 - Hazardous Substances Available to Pathways

Containment Description Containment Factor References

Release via overland migration and/or flood: Based on the 

lack of a maintained engineered cover, and any complete runon and runoff control management systems, a Containment 

Factor Value of 10 has been assigned for release via overland 

migration and/or flood for Source No. 5.

10 1, p. 51609

(Table 4-2); 

18, p. 28; 71, 

pp. 1-3

2.4.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

2.4.2.1 Hazardous Waste Quantity

The Hazardous Waste Quantity for Source No. 5 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value of a 

“contaminated soil” source type [1, p. 51591 (Table 2-5, Section 2.4.2.1.4)]. The Hazardous Constituent 

Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream Quantity, and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source 

No. 5 because insufficient information was available, as described in the sections below [1, p. 51591 

(Table 2-5, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2 and 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 5 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and 

releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [1, pp. 51590-

51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.1)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, 

permits, waste concentration data, etc.) are available to adequately calculate the total mass of all 

CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there 
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 82 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

is insufficient information to evaluate the associated releases from the source to calculate the Hazardous 

Constituent Quantity for Source No. 5 with reasonable confidence.

Table 30 – Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Hazardous Substance Constituent Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 5 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants 

and contaminants for the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with 

reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.2)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, 

PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, annual reports, etc.) are available to 

adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants and 

contaminants for the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient 

information to adequately calculate or extrapolate the Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 5

with reasonable confidence.

Table 31 – Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Hazardous Wastestream Wastestream Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Sum of Wastestream Quantity/5,000 (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS 

2.4.2.1.3 Volume

Description

The volume for Source No. 5 could not be adequately determined according to the HRS Rule 

requirements because insufficient historical and current waste sampling data are available to adequately 

calculate the volume of the source with reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

Insufficient historical or current sampling data are available to adequately estimate the depth of waste 

material within the source. Therefore, there is insufficient information to adequately calculate or estimate 

the volume for Source No. 5 with reasonable confidence.
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 83 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 32 – Volume

Source Type

Description

(# drums or dimensions)

Units

(yd3) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (yd3

):

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Volume Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.4 Area

Description

The area of Source No. 5 includes the surface soil/source sample locations which document 

contamination with chromium and lead, and the area lying between these locations; with the exception of 

the areas which are covered with permanent water cover or wetlands [28, pp. 69, 70, 78-80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 

10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1-3, 7; 72, pp. 35, 38-41, 47-54, 64, 76, 78-81]. The area of Source No. 

5 was determined by connecting 10 contaminated surface soil sample GPS locations [P-03-SS-05, P-05-

SS-06, P-05-SS-05, P-20-SS-04A/P-31-SS-04A (field duplicate), P-20-SS-01, P-19-SS-03, P-18-SS-07, 

P-18-SS-08, P-24-SS-04, and P-17-SS-07A/B] with straight lines, using GIS software [71, pp. 1-3]. The 

total area between contaminated surface soil/source sample locations, including the area of permanent 

water cover or wetlands, was determined to be 50,118.57 ft2 [71, pp. 1-3]. Based on on-site observations, 

interpretation of aerial imagery using GIS software, and the results of wetland delineation activities, the 

area covered with permanent water cover or wetlands was determined to 37,784.69 ft2 [71, pp. 1-3]. 

Source No. 5 therefore comprises 12,333.88 ft2 of contaminated soil (50,118.57 ft2 - 37,784.69 ft2 = 

12,333.88 ft2

).

Table 33 – Area

Source Type Units (ft2) References

Contaminated Soil 12,333.88 71, pp. 1-3

ft2

 = Square Feet.

The area of a “contaminated soil” source, in ft2

, is divided by 34,000 to assign a Hazardous Waste 

Quantity to the source [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Sum (ft2

): 12,333.88

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 12,333.88 ft2 ÷ 34,000 = 0.36

Area Assigned Value: 0.36
Source Characterization

Source No. 5

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 84 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Value for Source No. 5 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value 

(1.21) [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. The Hazardous Constituent Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream Quantity, 

and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source No. 5 because insufficient information was 

available [1, p. 51591, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2, 2.4.2.1.3]. 

Highest HWQ value assigned from Ref. 1, Table 2-5: 0.36
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 85 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

2.2.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Name of Source: Contaminated Soil Area C

Number of Source: Source No. 6

Source Type: Contaminated Soil

Description and Location of Source:

Contaminated Soil Area C (Contaminated Soil - Source No. 6) comprises 4,350.89 ft2 (0.10 acres) located 

on portions of four properties located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see Figure 10) 

[10; 12; 65; 66; 71, pp. 1, 3-4, 8]. These four properties are depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax 

Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot Nos. 124, 125, 125A, and 126 [12; 69]. The geographic coordinates of 

Source No. 6, as measured from its approximate center, are 41° 57′ 6.8′′ north latitude and 71° 17′ 43.2′′ 

west longitude [11; 71, pp. 1, 3-4]. 

Source No. 6 is located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, south of West Street, along 

portions of residential properties adjacent to Bliss Brook [18, pp. 20-21, 24; 28, pp. 32-33, 36, 80-82]. 

Source No. 6 is located within the 100-year flood plain and is downgradient of the ground water-tosurface water PPE (PPE No. 1) located along Bliss Brook (see Figures 2 and 3) [109, pp. 1-2, 4]. As part 

of the 2012 EPA SR, Source No. 6 surface soil/source samples were collected from low-lying areas on 

residential properties, adjacent to Bliss Brook [18, pp. 20-21, 24]. Based on site topography, flood zone 

data, and on-site observations, the low-lying areas of residential properties along Source No. 6, adjacent 

to Bliss Brook, are inferred to be subject to surface water flooding from Bliss Brook [18, pp. 20-21, 24; 

109, pp. 1-2, 4]. 

Previous reports indicate that ground water flows beneath the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property to the 

east-southeast, and emerges as surface water discharge at residential properties along the eastern portion 

of Paulette Lane [23, p. 47; 24, p. 46]. The most upstream ground water discharge to surface water is 

located along the wetlands associated with the Bliss Brook headwaters (PPE No. 1) [19, p.1]. Surface 

water then flows south within Bliss Brook (toward West Street) until Bliss Brook converges with the 

Bungay River, and continues to flow farther south within the Ten Mile River [19, pp. 1-2; 24, p. 46; 103, 

p. 2]. Investigations conducted by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., have identified a dissolved 

chromium ground water plume associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property; and have identified 

ground water-to-surface-water transport as an active mechanism for contaminant transport from the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property to residential properties along Paulette Lane, and to Bliss Brook and 

downstream surface water bodies [23, pp. 33-40, 47, 69-70]. 

Previous investigations have identified impacts to surface water and sediments along Bliss Brook 

associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [23, pp. 37-40, 47, 69-70; 25, pp. 34-50]. 

Analytical sample results from a 2005 EPA Site Inspection revealed significantly elevated levels of 

chromium and hexavalent chromium at sediment sample locations at the identified PPE for ground waterto-surface water release (8,140 mg/Kg chromium and 6.26 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD-03), 

throughout Bliss Brook (including 6,260 mg/Kg chromium and 5.18 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD05), and downstream to the farthest downstream sediment sample location, near the southeastern outlet of 

Mechanics Pond (1,090 mg/Kg chromium and 2.49 mg/Kg hexavalent chromium in SD-13) [25, pp. 36-

37, 39, 42]. In addition, analytical results of a surface soil sample collected during the 2005 EPA Site 

Inspection from a low-lying, flood-prone area on a residential property along Source No. 6, adjacent to 
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 86 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Bliss Brook, indicated a significantly elevated concentration of chromium (1,690 mg/Kg) compared to 

background concentrations [18, p. 13; 25, pp. 51-56]. Analytical results of surface water sampling 

conducted by MassDEP in July 2011 indicated a concentration of 30 μg/L of hexavalent chromium in a 

surface water sample collected along Bliss Brook, north of the intersection of North Avenue and West 

Street [30, pp. 3, 5, 10, 16].

On 26 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR, surface water sampling was conducted along Bliss Brook, 

southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, and south of the most upstream PPE for the ground 

water-to-surface water pathway [18, pp. 8-9; 28, pp. 4-5, 47, 66-67]. Four surface water samples (SW-09, 

SW-10, SW-11, and SW-12) were collected from Bliss Brook at locations upgradient of and within the 

area encompassed by contaminated Source No. 6 surface soil/source sample locations [18, pp. 11-12; 28, 

pp. 47, 66-67; 35, pp. 193-196]. Surface water samples were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium 

and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3, and to a DAS laboratory for hexavalent chromium analysis 

by EPA SW-846 Method 7196A; and the analytical results were validated on a Tier II level according to 

EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [18, pp. 11-12; 32, pp. 4, 7-8; 35, 

pp. 193-196; 57, pp. 1, 7-8; 72, pp. 5-8, 68-71; 59, pp. 1, 8-9]. Validated analytical results of four surface 

water samples (SW-09, SW-10, SW-11, and SW-12), collected at locations upgradient of and within the 

area encompassed by contaminated Source No. 6 surface soil/source sample locations, indicated elevated 

levels of total chromium (up to 247 μg/L) and hexavalent chromium (up to 96 J μg/L ) [28, pp. 47, 66-67; 

57, pp. 1, 7-8; 59, pp. 1, 8-9; 72, pp. 5-8, 68-71].

The area of Source No. 6 was determined to be 4,350.89 ft2

. The area includes the Source No. 6 surface 

soil/source sample locations which document observed contamination with chromium and lead, as 

presented below, and the area lying between these locations; with the exception of areas which are 

covered with permanent water cover and wetlands (6,185.54 ft2

) [28, pp. 80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, 

p. 7; 71, pp. 1, 3-4, 8; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. The area lying between Source No. 6 surface soil/source 

sample locations is inferred to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of contaminant transport 

(flooding). All of the Source No. 6 surface soil/source sample locations and the entirety of the area of 

inferred contamination lying between these locations are within an area of the same topographical 

elevation [109, pp. 1-2, 4]. In addition, Source No. 6 surface soil/source sample locations and the areas of 

inferred contamination lying between these locations are within or in close proximity to the 100-year 

flood plain, and adjacent to wetland areas and/or Bliss Brook [109, pp. 1-2, 4]. Therefore, based on area 

topography and flood plain data, the areas of inferred contamination lying between Source No. 6 surface 

soil/source sample locations are presumed to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of contaminant 

transport (flooding) [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25; 109, pp. 1-2, 4].

2.2.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOURCE

- Background Concentrations:

Source No. 6 is a contaminated soil source type; therefore, background surface soil samples have been 

utilized for comparison purposes. Between 25 January and 1 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in 

accordance with the EPA-approved January 2012 Site-Specific QAPP, background surface soil sampling 

activities were conducted [18, pp. 4, 15, 18-22, 25; 28, pp. 18, 27-28, 30-33, 61, 71, 76-77, 79, 81; 31, pp. 

1, 26, 28, 33-34, 42].

Ten background surface soil samples were utilized to document natural background conditions in the 

local vicinity of the site. One background surface soil sample (SO-01B) was collected from an 

undeveloped parcel located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 142 [12; 18, p. 4; 28, pp. 18, 61; 68]. Two background 

surface soil samples (P-06-SS-07 and P-06-SS-08) were collected from a residential property located 
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 87 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's 

Map No. 59, as Lot No. 220 [12; 18, p. 15; 28, pp. 27-28, 71; 68]. One background surface soil sample 

(P-14-SS-01) was collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157D [12; 18, 

p. 21; 28, pp. 33, 76; 69]. Two background surface soil samples (P-16-SS-03 and P-16-SS-04) were 

collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is 

depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157B [10; 12; 18, pp. 21-22; 28, 

pp. 33, 77; 69]. One background surface soil sample (P-18-SS-04) was collected from a residential 

property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 96 [12; 18, p. 18; 28, pp. 30, 79; 69]. Three background 

surface soil samples (P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08) were collected from a residential 

property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 126 [12; 18, pp. 19-20; 28, pp. 31-32, 81; 69]. All 

background surface soil sample locations are depicted in Figure 4.

The 10 background surface soil samples were collected in the vicinity of the site from the same depth 

interval (0- to 2-feet bgs), during the same time period, and utilizing the same collection and analytical 

methods as the surface soil/source samples presented as part of the Source No. 6 characterization [18, pp. 

4, 15, 18-22, 24-25, 27-28; 28, pp. 18, 27-28, 30-33, 36, 61, 71, 76-77, 79, 80-82; 32, pp. 12-16; 35, pp. 

43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 133-134, 137-138, 144-146, 148, 151, 155, 163; 50, p. 1; 53, p. 1; 60, p. 1; 61, p. 

1]. The 10 background surface soil samples collected as part of the EPA SR contained varying 

compositions of naturally occurring native materials (i.e., sand, silt, clay, gravel, and organic matter) [35, 

pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. Background surface soil sample SO-01B was described 

as moist, yellow brown, silt, some fine sand, little clay, trace medium-to-coarse gravel, trace organics, 

trace medium-to-coarse sand [35, p. 163]. Background surface soil sample P-06-SS-07 was described as 

brown-to-dark brown, fine-to-coarse sand, some silt, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace 

clay [35, p. 43]. Background surface soil sample P-06-SS-08 was described as brown, silt and fine-tocoarse sand, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 44]. Background surface soil 

sample P-14-SS-01 was described as dry, brown, silt, trace clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-tomedium gravel, trace organics [35, p. 94]. Background surface soil sample P-16-SS-03 was described as 

moist, brown-to-dark brown, clay, some silt, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace fine-to-coarse sand

[35, p. 102]. Background surface soil sample P-16-SS-04 was described as wet, brown-to-dark brown, 

clay and silt, trace organics, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 103]. Background surface soil sample P-18-

SS-04 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, little silt, little clay, trace fine-to-medium gravel, 

trace organics [35, p. 117]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-01A was described as dark brown, 

silt, little organics, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 137]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-01B 

was described as moist, dark brown, clay and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 138]. 

Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-08 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, some silt, trace 

fine-to-medium gravel, trace clay, trace organics [35, p. 145].

As presented above, the 10 background surface soil samples contained varying compositions of naturally 

occurring native matrix materials (i.e., sand, silt, clay, gravel, and organic matter), which constituted 

major and/or minor components of the samples [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. 

Similarly, the source samples presented as part of the Source No. 6 characterization exhibited varying 

compositions of the same naturally occurring native matrix materials (see Source Samples presented 

below). Among the 10 background surface soil samples, various samples contained native matrix material 

compositions that were similar to those of various surface soil/source samples presented as part of the 

Source No. 6 Characterization [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 133-134, 137-138, 144-146, 148, 151, 

155, 163]. The analytical results of each Source No. 6 surface soil/source sample could be compared to 

the contaminant concentrations detected only in those background surface soil sample(s) which displayed 

the most similar matrix composition. However, for simplicity of the HRS documentation record, and to 
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 88 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

support the case that analytical results of Source No. 6 surface soil/source samples are significantly above 

documented background concentrations, all 10 background surface soil samples are presented, and Source 

No. 6 surface soil/source samples were compared to the highest concentrations detected among all 10

background surface soil samples for the analytes presented. Regardless of the approach to comparison of 

contaminant concentrations [i.e., comparing Source No. 6 samples to only the background surface soil 

sample(s) that were most similar in composition, or comparing surface soil/source samples to the highest 

concentrations detected among all background surface soil samples], surface soil/source sample analytical 

results for Source No. 6 indicate source contaminant concentrations significantly above background 

levels.

Background surface soil samples SO-01B, P-06-SS-07, P-06-SS-08, P-14-SS-01, P-16-SS-03, P-16-SS04, P-18-SS-04, P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08 were submitted to a CLP laboratory for 

chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15; 50, pp. 1, 9; 

60, pp. 1, 7; 61, pp. 1, 8-9]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in 

this HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the 

background surface soil samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC 

and field notes reference documentation [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15]. In 

addition, all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference 

table [115]. The analytical data were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered 

Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the 

validation was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample 

collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163; 50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 

1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. As part of this HRS documentation record and the evaluation of background 

concentrations, the following hazardous substances in background surface soil samples are presented: 

chromium and lead.

Among the 10 background surface soil samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 

14.1 mg/Kg in sample P-14-SS-01; and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 76.4 mg/Kg in 

sample P-22-SS-01A [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 61, 71, 76, 77, 79, 81; 50, p. 9; 60, p. 

7; 61, pp. 8, 9; 72, pp. 23- 28, 30-31, 72, 74, 81, 82, 84].

Table 34 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Samples

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SO-01B Surface 

Soil 25 Jan. 2012

Chromium 10.7 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg 18, pp. 4, 11-12; 28, p. 

61; 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 32, 

Lead 10.1 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg 72

P-06-SS-07 Surface 

Soil 31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 12.5 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 23, 

Lead 23.4 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 74

P-06-SS-08 Surface 

Soil 31 Jan. 2012

Chromium 10.3 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, p. 

71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 24, 

Lead 31.4 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 74

P-14-SS-01 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 14.1 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

76; 61, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 25, 

Lead 30.4 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 81
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 89 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 34 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Samples

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-16-SS-03 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 12.0 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 26, 

Lead 59.9 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 81

P-16-SS-04 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 13.3 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, p. 

77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 27, 

Lead 66.8 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 81

P-18-SS-04 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 11.0 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, p. 

79; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 28, 

Lead 29.4 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 81

P-22-SS-01A Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 10.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 81, 

Lead 76.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 84

P-22-SS-01B Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 9.7 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 30, 

Lead 38.9 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 82

P-22-SS-08 Surface 

Soil 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 10.0 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 31, 

Lead 51.5 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 82; 61, p. 9

Jan. = January CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

Feb. = February mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

- Source Samples:

On 1 and 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, surface soil/source sampling activities for Source No. 6 were conducted [18, 

pp. 20-21, 24, 27-28; 28, pp. 32-33, 36, 80-82; 31, pp. 1, 26, 32, 40-43].

As part of the Source No. 6 characterization, seven surface soil/source samples (P-21-SS-03, P-21-SS-04, 

P-22-SS-07, P-22-SS-09A, P-22-SS-10A, P-23-SS-02, and P-23-SS-06) were collected from residential 

properties located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 20-21, 24, 27-28; 28, pp. 

32-33, 36, 80-82]. Surface soil/source samples utilized to characterize Source No. 6 include the following: 

two surface soil/source samples (P-21-SS-03 and P-21-SS-04) collected from a property designated as “P21”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 125; three surface 

soil/source samples (P-22-SS-07, P-22-SS-09A, and P-22-SS-10A) collected from a property designated 

as “P-22”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 126; and two surface 

soil/source samples (P-23-SS-02 and P-23-SS-06) collected from a property designated as “P-23”, 

depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 124 [28, pp. 80-82, 69]. All 

property designations (e.g., “P-01”, “P-02”, etc.) were assigned during the 2012 EPA SR, and are 

associated with the corresponding identifiers for soil samples collected from each property (e.g., P-01-SS-

##, P-02-SS-##, etc.) [18, pp. 13-14]. All surface soil/source samples collected from Source No. 6 as part 

of the EPA SR were collected from depths less than 2 feet bgs [35, pp. 133-134, 144, 146, 148, 151, 155]. 

Locations of surface soil/source samples collected from Source No. 6 are depicted in Figure 10.
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 90 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Surface soil/source samples collected from Source No. 6 were of similar composition to the native 

materials described in the background surface soil samples presented for Source No. 6. Surface 

soil/source sample P-21-SS-03 was described as moist, brown, clay and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, 

trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 133]. Surface soil/source sample P-21-SS-04 was described as 

moist, dark brown, clay, some silt, little fine sand, trace medium-to-coarse sand, trace fine gravel, trace 

organics [35, p. 134]. Surface soil/source sample P-22-SS-07 was described as wet, dark brown, silt and 

clay, little fine-to-coarse sand, little organics [35, p. 144]. Surface soil/source sample P-22-SS-09A was 

described as saturated, dark brown, silt, little clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine 

gravel [35, p. 146]. Surface soil/source sample P-22-SS-10A was described as saturated, dark brown, clay 

and silt, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 148]. Surface soil/source sample P-23-SS-02 was 

described as wet, dark brown, clay and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine gravel, trace organics [35, 

p. 151]. Surface soil/source sample P-23-SS-06 was described as brown-to-dark brown, silt, some fine-tocoarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace clay [35, p. 155].

The seven surface soil/source samples (P-21-SS-03, P-21-SS-04, P-22-SS-07, P-22-SS-09A, P-22-SS10A, P-23-SS-02, and P-23-SS-06) were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium and lead analysis 

under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 12-13, 16; 53, pp. 1, 10; 60, pp. 1, 8-9, 61, pp. 1, 7; ]. 

COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS documentation 

record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the Source No. 6 soil/source samples, 

and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes reference 

documentation [18, pp. 20-21, 24; 32, pp. 12-13, 16]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated sample 

numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Source No. 6 

surface soil/source samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic 

and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3, 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the 

validation was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample 

collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 133, 134, 144, 146, 148, 151, 155; 53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3, 61, 

pp. 1, 3]. 

Among the seven surface soil/source samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 

1,180 mg/Kg in surface soil/source sample P-23-SS-02, and lead was detected at a maximum 

concentration of 554 mg/Kg in surface soil/source sample P-22-SS-10A [18, pp. 20-21, 24, 27-28; 28, pp. 

80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. 

Based on chemical analysis of surface soil/source samples collected during the EPA SR, Source No. 6 has 

been documented to contain chromium and lead, which are defined as hazardous substances according to 

the HRS Rule [1, p. 51586; 7, pp. 7, 14-15; 8, pp. 52-56; 28, pp. 80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 

72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. The hazardous substances chromium and lead were detected in Source No. 6 

surface soil/source samples at concentrations significantly above background concentrations [28, pp. 80-

82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. Therefore, chromium and lead are 

considered to be associated with Source No. 6 [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2]. 

Only contaminated surface soil/source samples which contain hazardous substance concentrations greater

than or equal to three times background levels are presented for the Source No. 6 characterization. Per the 

HRS, contaminated surface soil/source samples with hazardous substance concentrations above 

background levels, but less than three times background levels, could be presented as part of the source 

characterization. However, for the simplicity of this HRS documentation record, and to identify a 

significant increase in source hazardous substance concentrations compared to background levels, only 

the contaminated surface soil/source samples with hazardous substance concentrations greater than or 

equal to three times background levels are presented. If all contaminated surface soil/source samples with 

hazardous substance concentrations above background levels were included in the source 
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 91 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

characterization, the extent of contamination for Source No. 6 would be larger than the area delineated by 

the selection of surface soil/source samples that are presented.

Table 35 - Hazardous Substances Associated with Source No. 6

Sample

ID

Sample

Type Date

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

P-21-SS-03 Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 327 mg/Kg 1.35 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, p. 

80; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 300 mg/Kg 1.35 mg/Kg 55, 75

P-21-SS-04 Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 799 mg/Kg 1.37 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, p. 

80; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 236 mg/Kg 1.37 mg/Kg 56, 75

P-22-SS-07 Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 271 mg/Kg 2.19 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, p. 

81; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 267 mg/Kg 2.19 mg/Kg 57, 80

P-22-SS09ASurface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012

Chromium 135 mg/Kg 1.45 mg/Kg

18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, p. 

82; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 

58, 79

P-22-SS10ASurface 

Soil/Source 2 Feb. 2012

Chromium 153 mg/Kg 1.63 mg/Kg 18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, p. 

82; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 554 mg/Kg 1.63 mg/Kg 59, 79

P-23-SS-02 Surface 

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 1,180 mg/Kg 1.14 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

82 ; 60, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 330 mg/Kg 1.14 mg/Kg 60, 75

P-23-SS-06 Surface

Soil/Source 1 Feb. 2012

Chromium 833 mg/Kg 0.97 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, p. 

82; 60, p. 9; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 232 mg/Kg 0.97 mg/Kg 61, 75

Feb. = February CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit.

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

List of Hazardous Substances Associated with Source

Chromium

Lead

2.2.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AVAILABLE TO A PATHWAY 

The area of Source No. 6 (4,350.89 ft2

) includes the surface soil/source sample locations which document 

contamination with chromium and lead, and the areas lying between these locations; with the exception of 

the areas which are covered with permanent water cover or wetlands [28, pp. 80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 

9; 61, p. 7; 71, pp. 1, 3-4, 8; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. The total area between contaminated surface 

soil/source samples, including areas of permanent water cover or wetlands, was determined to be 

10,536.43 ft2 [71, pp. 1, 3-4]. Based on on-site observations, wetland delineation activities, and 

interpretation of aerial imagery using GIS software, the area covered with permanent water cover or 

wetlands was determined to be 6,185.54 ft2 [71, pp. 1, 3-4]. Therefore, based on analysis of GPS 
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 92 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

coordinates recorded for the locations of the seven surface soil/source samples presented above, analysis 

and examination of aerial photographs of the area, and on-site observations, the area of Source No. 6 not 

covered by water cover and wetlands is 4,350.89 ft2 (10,536.43 ft2 - 6,185.54 ft2 = 4,350.89 ft2

) [71, pp. 1, 

3-4]. On-site observations indicate that no portion of Source No. 6 has a maintained engineered cover or 

complete run-on or runoff control management systems [18, p. 28]. Therefore, Source No. 6 does not 

have full containment, and the source yields a containment value of 10 for the overland flow component 

of the Surface Water pathway [1, p. 51609 (Table 4-2)].

Table 36 - Hazardous Substances Available to Pathways

Containment Description Containment Factor References

Release via overland migration and/or flood: Based on the 

lack of a maintained engineered cover, and any complete runon and runoff control management systems, a Containment 

Factor Value of 10 has been assigned for release via overland 

migration and/or flood for Source No. 6.

10 1, p. 51609

(Table 4-2); 

18, p. 28; 71, 

pp. 1, 3-4

2.4.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

2.4.2.1 Hazardous Waste Quantity

The Hazardous Waste Quantity for Source No. 6 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value of a 

“contaminated soil” source type [1, p. 51591 (Table 2-5, Section 2.4.2.1.4)]. The Hazardous Constituent 

Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream Quantity, and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source 

No. 6 because insufficient information was available, as described in the sections below [1, p. 51591 

(Table 2-5, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2 and 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Source No. 6 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and 

releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [1, pp. 51590-

51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.1)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, 

permits, waste concentration data, etc.) are available to adequately calculate the total mass of all 

CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there 

is insufficient information to evaluate the associated releases from the source to calculate the Hazardous 

Constituent Quantity for Source No. 6 with reasonable confidence.

Table 37 – Hazardous Constituent Quantity

Hazardous Substance Constituent Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 93 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Description

The Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 6 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants 

and contaminants for the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot be estimated with 

reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.2)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, 

PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, annual reports, etc.) are available to 

adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants and 

contaminants for the source and the associated releases from the source. Therefore, there is insufficient 

information to adequately calculate or extrapolate the Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Source No. 6 

with reasonable confidence.

Table 38 – Hazardous Wastestream Quantity

Hazardous Wastestream Wastestream Quantity (pounds) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (pounds):

Sum of Wastestream Quantity/5,000 (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS 

2.4.2.1.3 Volume

Description

The volume for Source No. 6 could not be adequately determined according to the HRS Rule 

requirements due to insufficient historical and current waste sampling data available to adequately 

calculate the volume of the source with reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.3)]. 

Insufficient historical or current sampling data are available to adequately estimate the depth of waste 

material within the source. Therefore, there is insufficient information to adequately calculate or estimate 

the volume for Source No. 6 with reasonable confidence.

Table 39 – Volume

Source Type

Description

(# drums or dimensions)

Units

(yd3) References

NS (insufficient information)

Sum (yd3

):

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5):
Source Characterization

Source No. 6

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 94 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Volume Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.4 Area

Description

The area of Source No. 6 includes the surface soil/source sampling locations which document 

contamination with chromium and lead, and the areas lying between these locations, with the exception of 

the areas which are covered with permanent water cover or wetlands [28, pp. 80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 

9; 61, p. 7; 71, pp. 1, 3-4, 8; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. The area of Source No. 6 was determined by 

connecting five contaminated surface soil/source sample GPS locations [P-23-SS-06, P-23-SS-02, P-22-

SS-09A, P-22-SS-10A, and P-22-SS-07] with straight lines, using GIS software [71, pp. 1, 3-4]. The total 

area between contaminated surface soil/source samples locations, including areas of permanent water 

cover or wetlands, was determined to be 10,536.43 ft2 [71, pp. 1, 3-4]. Based on on-site observations, the 

results of wetland delineation activities, and an interpretation of aerial imagery using GIS software, the 

area covered with permanent water cover was determined to be 6,185.54 ft2 [71, pp. 1, 3-4]. Source No. 6 

therefore comprises 4,350.89 ft2 of contaminated soil (10,536.43 ft2 - 6,185.54 ft2 = 4,350.89 ft2

).

Table 40 – Area

Source Type Units (ft2) References

Contaminated Soil 4,350.89 71, pp. 1, 3-4

ft2 = Square Feet.

The area of a “contaminated soil” source, in ft2

, is divided by 34,000 to assign a Hazardous Waste 

Quantity to the source [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. 

Sum (ft2

): 4,350.89

Equation for Assigning Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-5): 4,350.89 ft2 ÷ 34,000 = 0.13

Area Assigned Value: 0.13

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Value for Source No. 6 was assigned based on the Area Assigned Value 

(0.13) [1, p. 51591, Table 2-5]. The Hazardous Constituent Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream Quantity, 

and Volume Assigned Values were not evaluated for Source No. 6 because insufficient information was 

available [1, p. 51591, Sections 2.4.2.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2, 2.4.2.1.3]. 

Highest HWQ value assigned from Ref. 1, Table 2-5: 0.13
Source Characterization

Summary

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 95 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

SUMMARY OF SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS

Table 41 – Summary of Source Descriptions

Source 

No.

Source 

HWQ

Value

Source 

Hazardous 

Constituent 

Quantity 

Complete? 

(Y/N)

Containment Factor Value by Pathway

Ground 

Water 

(GW)

(Ref. 1, 

Table 3-2)

Surface Water (SW)* Air

Overland/ 

flood

(Ref. 1, 

Table 4-2)

GW to 

SW

(Ref. 1, 

Table 3-2)

Gas

(Ref. 1, 

Table 6-3)

Particulate

(Ref. 1, 

Table 6-9)

1 469.2 N NS 10 NS NS NS

2 760 N NS 10 NS NS NS

3 10,029.9 N NS 10 NS NS NS

4 0.36 N NS 10 NS NS NS

5 0.36 N NS 10 NS NS NS

6 0.13 N NS 10 NS NS NS

HWQ = Hazardous Waste Quantity.

NS = Not Scored.

No. = Number.

Total Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value: 11,259.95

Other possible sources not scored:

Two source areas, a former Dry Well and the Chrome Plating Tank Exhaust Dusts/Electrical Room Roof 

Area, have been documented. These sources were not scored due to the lack of information to 

sufficiently characterize the sources. 

Dry Well

According to the 1989 RCA Phase I Limited SI report, an abandoned dry well was located on the south 

side of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. facility building [24, pp. 18-19]. Reportedly, the dry well was used 

for disposal of waste TCE, and has been considered to be a potential source area for various organic 

pollutants [24, pp. 18-19]. According to a 1990 RCA Phase IIA Preliminary Comprehensive Site 

Assessment report, during various interviews with a former Walton & Lonsbury Inc. employee, an 

abandoned dry well was identified in the courtyard area, south of the chromium plating room [17, pp. 49, 

57]. This employee reported that many years ago, the dry well was used for disposal of TCE [17, p. 49, 

57]. To further investigate this dry well, RCA conducted ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey work in 

the area, and installed monitoring well MW-8 downgradient of the suspected location of the dry well. 

There was a slight depression in the ground’s surface at the suspected location of the dry well; however, 

RCA concluded that neither the GPR nor the ground water analytical results from MW-8 supported a 

discharge of TCE into the dry well [17, p. 57]. However, according to a 2005 Site Inspection report 

prepared by Tetra Tech NUS, Inc., analytical results of ground water samples collected from monitoring 
Source Characterization

Summary

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 96 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

micro-wells during the 1989 RCA Phase I SI confirmed the presence of VOCs in ground water

downgradient of the drywell [25, p. 13]. The dry well could not be located during either the 1989 or 1990 

RCA investigations [17, p. 49; 24, p. 19]. In addition, both the 1989 and 1990 RCA reports have 

discrepancies on whether the dry well was located on the south side or east side of the building [17, p. 57; 

24, pp. 18, 53]. This source was not scored as part of this HRS documentation record, as the source 

location and the nature and extent of hazardous substances potentially associated with this source require 

further investigation, and its inclusion into this HRS evaluation would not impact the overall site score. 

Chrome Plating Tank Exhaust Dusts/Electrical Room Roof Area 

According to the 1989 RCA Phase I Limited SI report and the 1990 RCA Phase IIA Preliminary 

Comprehensive Site Assessment report, the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. facility electrical room roof was 

located immediately below the exhaust ducts from the chromium plating tanks [17, pp. 8, 50; 24, pp. 11, 

19, 49]. During the years that Walton & Lonsbury Inc. operated the plating facility, chromium residue 

accumulated on the electrical room roof of the building [17, pp. 8, 50, 55; 24, pp. 11, 19, 49]. During 

storm events, runoff from the roof picked up dissolved chromium and was subsequently discharged to the 

ground [17, pp. 8, 50, 55; 24, pp. 11, 19, 49]. Analytical results of samples of the roof runoff collected by 

RCA from the area of the electrical room roof indicated elevated chromium concentrations and reduced 

pH levels [17, p. 55-56; 25, p. 13]. This source was not scored, as the building has been demolished, and 

the nature and extent of hazardous substances potentially associated with this source require further 

investigation; furthermore, the inclusion of this source into the HRS evaluation would not impact the 

overall site score.
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 97 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

4.0 SURFACE WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY

4.1 OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT

4.1.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

Chromium electroplating operations were conducted on the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property between 

1940 and 2007 [15, p. 2; 23, pp. 5-6]. Various reference documentation available from between 1983 and 

2007, including Annual Reports, Hazardous Waste Reports, Hazardous Waste Manifest records, and 

documentation prepared by RCA for Walton & Lonsbury Inc., have identified the use, generation, and/or

disposal of contaminated wastes such as the following: “chrome sludge”’; “chromic acid”; “chrome 

plating rinse water”; “corrosive chromic-acid-contaminated solid debris, from chrome-plating operation”; 

“chromic acid in water”; and “chromic-acid contaminated steel ductwork ventilation system for chromeplating operation” [24, pp. 16-17, 77; 80, pp. 26-28; 81, pp. 1, 7; 85, pp. 1-2, 10; 86, pp. 1, 3-4, 7; 84]. 

Lead has also been identified as having been used in former operational processes on the property [15, pp. 

2-3]. The Walton & Lonsbury Inc. facility building contained a lead smelter and exhaust hood associated 

with the manufacture of plumbing components involved in the plating process [15, p. 3]. Through 

chemical analysis of source samples collected during the 2012 EPA SR, the hazardous substances 

chromium and lead have been documented to be associated with six sources, which each have a 

Containment Factor value of 10 for release via overland migration and/or flood (see the Source 

Characterization section above). These sources include two pile sources (Source Nos. 1 and 2); one 

surface impoundment source (Source No. 3); and three contaminated soil sources (Source Nos. 4, 5, and 

6).

The Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property is located within the Narragansett Watershed [108, p. 1]. 

Hazardous substances from associated sources release along two separate in-water segments, which form 

two separate branches of the hazardous substance migration path prior to the two branches joining 

together within the TDL for the site [19, pp. 1-2, 6; 24, p. 46; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 2]. One branch of the 

hazardous substance migration path for the site consists of overland surface water flow to the south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, to an area of open water at PPE No. 2, and subsequently to a wetland 

area south of the property [19, p. 2]. A second branch of surface water flow originates via contaminant 

infiltration to the ground water, which flows beneath the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property to the eastsoutheast and emerges as surface water discharge at residential properties along the eastern portion of 

Paulette Lane [23, p. 47; 25, p. 32; 103, p. 2]. The most upstream ground water discharge to surface water 

is located along the wetlands associated with the Bliss Brook headwaters (PPE No. 1) [19, pp. 1, 6]. The 

two branches of in-water segments for the hazardous substance migration path converge within Bliss 

Brook, immediately south of the West Street bridge (south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property) [19, 

pp. 1-2; 103, p. 2]. 

Based on topography and previous reports, stormwater runoff/overland flow from the Walton & Lonsbury 

Inc. property flows in a southeasterly direction, toward the wetland located south of the property [11, p. 2; 

23, pp. 46-47; 24, p. 11; 25, p. 32]. A 1989 report prepared by RCA, for Walton & Lonsbury Inc., 

indicated that terrain in the area of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property is relatively flat, with a gradual 

slope toward the southeast [24, p. 11]. The RCA report further stated that at the time of the report, all 

runoff from the paved parking lot and the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. building roof flowed off the property 

in a southeasterly direction, into low-lying areas and wetlands [24, p. 11]. Previous reports prepared by 

RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., identified surface water run-off as a potential source of 

chromium contamination to the wetland south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [17, p. 8-9, 11; 23, 

p. 47; 24, pp. 13, 19]. A 1989 RCA report states that a potential historical source of chromium 

contamination to portions of the wetland was surface water run-off of chromium-contaminated residue 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 98 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

from the electrical room roof of the building, due to the roof’s proximity to exhaust ducts from the 

facility’s chromium plating tanks [24, pp. 11, 19, 49-50]. Based on on-site observations made during 

2012 EPA SR sampling activities, surface water runoff currently flows off the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property in a southeasterly direction toward a low-lying area of open water at PPE No. 2, prior to 

discharging to the wetland south of the property [18, p. 29; 103, p. 4]. The area of open water was created 

as a result of excavation activities conducted during the EPA EPRB Removal Action [103, p. 4].

Two pile sources located on the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property have been evaluated and documented 

to contain chromium and lead (see Source Nos. 1 and 2 Characterization). On-site observations indicate

that no portions of Source Nos. 1 and 2 have a maintained engineered cover or complete run-on or run-off 

control management systems [18, p. 28]. 

From PPE No. 2, surface water flows from the area of open water to the wetland area south of the Walton 

& Lonsbury Inc. property [19, p. 2, 6; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 2]. During a 2012 wetland delineation performed 

by EPA, this wetland area was determined to consist of 8.5 acres of HRS-eligible wetlands, with a total 

perimeter of 0.811 miles (see Figure 11) [103, pp. 10, 26]. According to a 1989 report prepared by RCA, 

on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., untreated wastewater from chromium plating operations was 

historically discharged via a pipe directly into the wetlands located south of the Walton & Lonsbury 

property [24, pp. 17-18, 59; 88]. According to a figure produced by RCA, on behalf of Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc., the pipe extended southwest from the “chrome electro plating area” within the facility 

building [24, p. 59; 88]. In the early 1970s, a wastewater treatment system for metals removal and pH 

adjustment was installed, and the pipe was reportedly “abandoned and plugged” [24, p. 18]. During 

excavation activities conducted in April 2011 as part of the EPA EPRB Removal Action, EPA uncovered 

a pipe extending southwest toward the wetlands from an area identified as the “former chromium plating 

room” [16, p. 4; 26, pp. 8-9]. XRF field screening results of solid material encountered within the pipe 

indicated concentrations of chromium at 157,813 mg/Kg, and lead at 78,876 mg/Kg [27]. According to 

the results of EPA’s examination of historical aerial photographs, the uncovered pipe terminated at the 

approximate edge of a former unnamed stream, which historically flowed south from the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. property toward the wetland [16, p. 4]. 

A Surface Impoundment Source (Source No. 3), located within the wetlands south of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property, has been evaluated and documented to contain chromium and lead (see Source 

No. 3 Characterization). Based on analytical sampling results, on-site observations, and documentation 

provided by the City of Attleboro, MA Department of Public Works, Source No. 3 exhibits evidence of 

hazardous substance migration and a lack of maintained diking [18, pp. 25, 27-28; 21; 28, pp. 37, 65; 32, 

p. 11; 53, pp. 1, 12]. In addition, a contaminated soil source (Source No. 4), located adjacent to (east of) 

the wetland area south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, has been evaluated and documented to 

contain chromium and lead (see Source No. 4 Characterization). On-site observations indicate that no 

portion of Source No. 4 has a maintained engineered cover or complete run-on or run-off control 

management systems [18, p. 28]. 

Surface water from the wetlands south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property flows south toward a

drainage culvert, located in the southeastern portion of the wetlands near the corner of Deanville Road 

and North Avenue [19, p. 2; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 4]. Based on observations and investigations conducted as 

part of the EPA SR, as well as information provided by City of Attleboro, MA personnel, surface water 

from the wetlands enters the drainage culvert and flows south-southeast through piping underneath 

Deanville Road [18, pp. 13, 16, 25; 21]. Surface water flows through this piping to a manhole on a

residential property along the southern side of Deanville Road, identified on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 114B [18, pp. 13, 16, 25; 21]. On 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA 

SR, one sediment sample (SD-09) was collected from the manhole on this residential property, to 

document migration of contamination downstream from the wetland [18, p. 25; 28, pp. 37, 65; 69]. 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 99 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Validated analytical results of SD-09 indicated a chromium concentration of 672 mg/Kg [18, pp. 27-28; 

32, p. 11; 53, pp. 1, 12; 72, pp. 22, 77]. Based on the results of field investigations, water exits the

manhole via a pipe directed east-southeast, flows to a catchbasin located on an adjacent property to the 

east, and flows farther east to a catchbasin along North Avenue [18, p. 16]. Based on field observations 

and City of Attleboro diagrams, water then flows south along North Avenue and east along West Street 

through underground piping, prior to discharging to Bliss Brook immediately south of the West Street

bridge [22, p. 2; 103 p. 2]. The total distance that surface water flows through underground piping, from 

the point at which it enters the drainage culvert near the corner of Deanville Road and North Avenue to 

the point where it discharges to Bliss Brook south of the West Street bridge, is approximately 1,006 feet 

(0.19 mile) [19, p. 2; 103 p. 2]. Immediately south of the West Street bridge, surface water within this 

branch of the hazardous substance migration path converges with the other branch of the hazardous 

substance migration path, which consists of an ongoing ground water-to-surface water release southeast 

of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [19, pp. 1, 2, 6; 103, p. 2].

The most upstream ground water discharge to surface water is located along the wetlands associated with 

the Bliss Brook headwaters (PPE No. 1) [19, pp. 1, 6]. Surface water then flows south within Bliss Brook 

(past West Street) until the point where Bliss Brook converges with the Bungay River (approximately 

0.40 miles downstream of PPE No. 1) [19, pp. 1-2; 103, p. 2]. Surface water subsequently flows 

southwest along the Bungay River for a short distance (less than 200 feet), prior to converging with the 

Ten Mile River just north of the Water Street bridge [19, pp. 1-2; 103, p. 2]. Surface water flow within the 

Ten Mile River continues southwest, and then flows south through Mechanics Pond for a distance of 

approximately 0.51 miles to the pond’s outlet [103, p. 2]. Surface water then continues to flow in a

southerly direction along the Ten Mile River until the terminus of the 15-mile downstream TDL in the 

Seekonk River in East Providence, Rhode Island [19, pp. 1-2]. Based on the results of the 2012 EPA 

wetland delineation, numerous segments of HRS-eligible wetlands are located along surface water bodies 

within the hazardous substance migration path that results from ground water-to-surface water release 

[103, pp. 4-5, 8, 10]. These include HRS-eligible wetlands along Bliss Brook, the Bungay River, and the 

Ten Mile River, including Mechanics Pond [103, pp. 4-5, 8, 10]. In addition, a potential freshwater 

fishery has been noted along the downstream surface water bodies [25, pp. 32-33; 28, p. 41]. 

Investigations conducted by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., have identified a dissolved 

chromium ground water plume associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property; and have identified 

ground water-to-surface-water transport as an active mechanism for contaminant transport from the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property to residential properties along Paulette Lane, and to Bliss Brook and 

downstream freshwater surface water bodies [23, pp. 44, 47, 69-70]. Analytical results of samples 

collected during previous investigations documented elevated concentrations of chromium and hexavalent 

chromium in pooled surface water and shallow ground water at residential properties along Paulette Lane, 

as well as associated lead and chromium contamination in soils at residential properties along Paulette 

Lane (see the Site Summary section for a more detailed discussion) [16, pp. 9-10; 23, pp. 37, 95; 29, pp. 

15, 38-39, 52]. In addition, numerous investigations, including the 2001 RCA Phase IIC investigation, the 

2005 EPA Site Inspection, the 2011 MassDEP surface water sampling event, and the 2012 EPA SR, have 

identified impacts to surface water and sediments along Bliss Brook associated with ground water-tosurface water contaminant release from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see the Source 

Identification section of Source No. 5 for a more detailed discussion). 

Two contaminated soil sources (Source Nos. 5 and 6), located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property on areas of residential properties adjacent to Bliss Brook, have been evaluated and documented 

to contain chromium and lead (see Source Nos. 5 and 6 Characterization). On-site observations indicate 

that no portions of Source Nos. 5 and 6 have a maintained engineered cover or complete run-on or run-off 

control management systems [18, p. 28]. The most upstream PPE for Source No. 5 is located in the 

northern portion of Source No. 5, at the junction of Source No. 5 and wetlands located immediately west 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 100 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

of Bliss Brook [19, pp. 2-3, 6]. The most upstream PPE for Source No. 6 is located in the northern portion 

of Source No. 6, at the junction of Source No. 6 and wetlands along Bliss Brook [19, pp. 3, 6].

This HRS documentation record only evaluates the release of hazardous substances via overland flow to 

the wetland located immediately downgradient (south) of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [19, p. 2-

3]. This HRS documentation record does not evaluate the remainder of the overland/flood hazardous 

substance migration path, downstream of this wetland. This HRS documentation record also does not 

evaluate potential impacts to sensitive environments/targets located along Bliss Brook due to a release via 

ground water-to-surface water flow, nor does it evaluate the remainder of the TDL following the 

convergence of the two branches of the hazardous substance migration path for the site.

4.1.1.1 Definition of Hazardous Substance Migration Path for Overland/Flood Component

The PPE for Source Nos. 1 and 2 is the surface water located directly south of the sources. The PPE for 

Source 3 was the boundary between the source, wetland and surface water surrounding the source. The 

PPE for Source 4 is the boundary between the contaminated soil and the surface water.

PPE No. 2 represents the approximate point at which surface water runoff/overland flow from the Walton 

& Lonsbury Inc. property and three associated sources (Source Nos. 1, 2, and 3) discharge to the area of 

open water located south of the property [19, pp. 2-3, 6]. From this area of open water, surface water 

flows west and south into the wetland located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [19, pp. 2, 

6]. The results of the EPA wetland delineation indicated a total area of 8.5 acres of wetlands south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, with a total perimeter of 0.811 miles (see Figure 11) [103, pp. 10, 26]. 

In addition, field observations indicated that there was no discernible flow (e.g., defined channel) through 

this wetland area [103, p. 4]. 

Source No. 4 is located adjacent to (east of) the wetland area south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property, along the western portions of residential properties along North Avenue. The most upstream 

PPE for Source No. 4 is located at the junction of the northern portion of Source No. 4 and the eastern 

edge of the wetland area located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [19, pp. 2, 6]. As a result 

of the 2012 EPA SR, contaminated Source No. 4 surface soil/source samples were identified; these 

Source No. 4 surface soil/source samples were collected from low-lying areas along the western portions 

of residential properties along North Avenue [18, pp. 15-16, 23; 28, pp. 67, 69- 73, 83]. Based on site 

topography and on-site observations, the area of Source No. 4 is subject to surface water flooding from 

the wetlands [11; 18, pp. 15-16, 23; 19, pp. 2, 6; 109, pp. 1, 4].

From the wetlands south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, surface water flows south toward a 

drainage culvert, located in the southeastern portion of the wetlands, into a piped section of the culvert 

underneath Deanville Road, and toward a manhole on a residential property along Deanville Road [18, 

pp. 13, 16, 25; 19, p. 2; 21; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 4]. Analytical results of a sediment sample collected from 

this manhole have documented migration of a hazardous substance (chromium) from the wetland; 

however, additional targets downstream of the wetland have not been evaluated as part of this HRS 

documentation record [18, pp. 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 37, 65; 32, p. 11; 53, pp. 1, 12; 72, pp. 22, 77].

4.1.1.2 Target Distance Limit

The most upstream PPE for overland surface water flow for the site is located south of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property, at an area of open water immediately adjacent to the wetland area south of the 

property (PPE No. 2) [19, pp. 2, 6]. The most upstream PPE for ground water-to-surface water flow for 

the site is located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, along the wetlands associated with 

the Bliss Brook headwaters (PPE No. 1) [19, pp. 1, 6]. 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 101 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Based on sampling outlined in Section 4.1.2.1.1 of this evaluation, sediments impacted by hazardous 

substances attributable to the site have been documented from PPE No. 2, south through the wetland

(sediment samples SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, and SD-08B), to sediment sample SD-07A, located in the 

wetland immediately upstream (north) of the drainage culvert near the corner of Deanville Road and 

North Avenue (see Figures 2 and 11) [18, pp. 4-5, 7, 9; 19, p. 2; 21; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 2]. Sediment 

sample SD-07 is the most downstream sample location documenting an observed release to the wetlands 

located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see Section 4.1.2.1.1). Therefore, as observed 

contamination is not documented more than 15 miles downstream of PPE No. 2, the TDL extends 15 

miles downstream of the most downstream PPE for the site [1, p. 51605 (Section 4.1.1.2)].

The most downstream PPE for the site is the most downstream PPE for Source No. 6, located southeast of 

the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property. The downstream PPE for Source No. 6 is located in the southern 

portion of Source No. 6, at the junction of Source No. 6 and wetlands along Bliss Brook [19, pp. 3, 6]. 

The total TDL for the site, as measured from 15 miles downstream of the most downstream PPE, is 15.52 

miles, and terminates in the Seekonk River in East Providence, Rhode Island [19, pp. 2, 5].

4.1.2.1 Likelihood of Release

4.1.2.1.1 Observed Release

Direct Observation

Direct observation was not established for the overland flow/flood migration component of the surface 

water pathway.

Basis for Direct Observation:

Hazardous Substances in Release:

Table 42 – Hazardous Substances Documenting an Observed Release to Sediment

Hazardous Substance Evidence References

NS

NS = Not Scored.

Chemical Analysis

Background Concentrations:

On 25 and 26 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, background sediment sampling activities were conducted [18, pp. 5-6, 9; 28, 

pp. 19, 23, 63; 31, pp. 1, 26, 30, 36, 38]. Two background sediment samples (SD-01C and SD-01D) were 

collected from an upstream tributary on an undeveloped parcel located southwest of the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. property, depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 89, as “P/O 110, 

taken for Interstate 95” (see Figure 11) [10; 12; 18, pp. 5-6; 28, p. 19, 63]. One additional background 

sediment sample (SD-03) was collected from a location immediately southwest of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property, from a property depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 

59, as Lot Nos. 185 to 190 (land taken for Interstate Routes 95 and 295) (see Figure 11) [10; 12; 18, p. 9; 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 102 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

28, pp. 23, 63; 68]. Background sediment sample SD-03 was collected immediately downstream of the 

discharge point for an outfall pipe, which emerges from a retaining wall of a property located 

immediately adjacent to and west of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 9; 28, pp. 23, 63]. 

Water from the outfall pipe was observed to discharge directly into the wetland located south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, p. 9]. Based on information provided in a previous report, the 

outfall pipe discharges stormwater runoff from the industrial park area west of the Walton & Lonsbury

Inc. property [24, p. 15]. 

In addition to the three background sediment samples, five release sediment samples (SD-04B and field 

duplicate SD-08B, SD-05A, SD-06A, and SD-07A) were collected during the 2012 EPA SR from the 

wetland located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 4-7, 9, 11-12; 28, pp. 18-20, 22-

23, 63-65]. Background sediment samples SD-01C and SD-01D were collected in the vicinity of the site 

from a similar wetland environment as sediment samples SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, SD-07A, and SD08B [18, pp. 5-6]. The three background sediment samples (SD-01C, SD-01D, and SD-03) were collected 

from the same depth interval (0 to 2 feet), during the same time period, and utilizing the same collection 

and analytical methods as the five release sediment samples collected from the wetland south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 4-7, 9, 11-12; 28, pp. 18-20, 22-23, 63-65; 32, p. 10; 35, pp. 

179-180, 183, 185-186, 188, 190; 54, p. 1; 64, p. 1]. 

The background sediment samples were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium and lead analysis 

under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 11-12; 32, p. 10; 64, pp. 1, 9]. COCs for all samples collected as part 

of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The 

applicable COC pages for the background sediment samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are 

provided in available COC and field notes reference documentation [18, pp. 5-6, 9, 11-12; 32, p. 10]. In 

addition, all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference 

table [115]. The analytical data for background sediment samples were validated on a Tier II level 

according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [64, pp. 1, 4]. In 

addition, the validation was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in 

the sample collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 179-180, 183; 64, pp. 1, 4]. The background sediment 

samples were used to establish background conditions and chemical compositions of the sediment

materials within the vicinity of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property; and to establish the range of 

concentrations for naturally occurring metals in local sediments upstream of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

overland flow surface water pathway. Analytical results of the background sediment samples are 

presented to establish naturally occurring and/or representative background concentrations for lead and 

chromium, which are used to demonstrate that significant concentrations of these hazardous substances

have been detected in the five release sediment samples collected from the wetland located south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property.

The three background sediment samples collected as part of the EPA SR contained varying compositions 

of naturally occurring native matrix materials [35, pp. 179-180, 183]. The compositions of background 

and contaminated sediment samples contained similar native matrix materials [35, pp. 179-180, 183, 185-

186, 188, 190]. Sediment sample SD-01C was described as saturated, dark brown, organics and silt, trace 

fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 179]. Sediment sample SD-01D was described as 

saturated, brown-to-olive green, silt and organics, little clay, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-tomedium gravel [35, p. 180]. Sediment sample SD-03 was described as saturated, brown-to-cinnamon 

brown, fine to coarse sand, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace silt [35, p. 183].
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 103 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 43 – Background Sediment Sample Location Descriptions

Sample 

ID

Sample 

Medium Sample Location*

Depth 

(bgs) Date References

SD-01C Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland Sample Location 

southwest of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property (Map 

No. 89, Lot. No. 110)

0 to 12 

inches 25 Jan. 2012 12; 28, p. 63; 35, p. 179; 103, p. 8

SD-01D Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland Sample Location 

southwest of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property (Map 

No. 89, Lot. No. 110)

0 to 12 

inches 25 Jan. 2012 12; 28, p. 63; 35, p. 180; 103, p. 8

SD-03 Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland Sample Location 

immediately southwest of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property (Map No. 59, Lot 

Nos. 185 to 190)

0 to 3 

inches 26 Jan. 2012 28, p. 63; 35, p. 183; 68; 103, p. 8

bgs = Below Ground Surface

Jan = January

No. = Number

* = Sample locations SD-01C and SD-01D were located on a property identified on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 89 as “P/O 110, taken for Interstate 95” [12]. Sample location 

SD-03 was located on a property identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 59 

as “all of 185 to 190 taken for Interstate Routes 95 and 295” [68].

Among the three background sediment samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 

9.9 J mg/Kg in samples SD-01C and SD-03; and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 35.8 J

mg/Kg in sample SD-01C [18, pp. 5-6, 9, 11-12; 28, p. 63; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 7, 53, 54, 58].

Table 44– Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Sediment Samples

Sample

ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration Bias*

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SD-01C Chromium

9.9 J 

(12.8) mg/Kg Unknown 2 mg/Kg 18, pp. 5-6, 11-12; 28, p. 

63; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 1-2, 

Lead 7, 53

35.8 J 

(51.6) mg/Kg Unknown 2 mg/Kg

SD-01D

Chromium

8.5 J 

(11) mg/Kg Unknown 1.1 mg/Kg 18, pp. 5-6, 11-12; 28, p. 

63; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 1-2, 

Lead 7, 54

8.6 J 

(12.4) mg/Kg Unknown 1.1 mg/Kg
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 104 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 44– Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Sediment Samples

SD-03

Chromium

9.9 J 

(12.8) mg/Kg Unknown 0.9 mg/Kg 18, pp. 9, 11-12; 28, p. 

63; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 1-2, 

Lead 7, 58

14.0 J 

(20.2) mg/Kg Unknown 0.9 mg/Kg

CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

J = The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity and the bias resulting from the 

estimate has been considered as explained below [73, p. 7].

( ) = For hazardous substance concentrations, denotes concentration of the compound or element 

following adjustment based on the EPA Fact Sheet, Using Qualified Data to Document an 

Observed Release and Observed Contamination [70]. 

* An explanation for the direction of the bias is provided in Reference 73, Table 1.

For hazardous substances detected in background sediment samples above the sample-adjusted CRQL, an

observed release is established when the release sample concentration is three times or more above the 

background concentration [1, p. 51589 (Table 2-3)]. For sediment samples presented in this HRS 

documentation record, background comparison criteria for a hazardous substance are established at 

greater than or equal to three times the highest concentration of that hazardous substance detected among 

the three background sediment samples (SD-01C, SD-01D, and SD-03) [1, p. 51589, Table 2-3]. For the 

purposes of this HRS documentation record, concentrations of chromium and lead detected in release 

sediment samples SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, SD-07A, and SD-08B, at levels greater than or equal to 

three times the highest background concentration for chromium and lead, are used to document an 

observed release to the wetland located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [1, pp. 51588, 

Section 2.2, 51589, Table 2-3].

Contaminated Samples:

On 25 and 26 January 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, sediment sampling activities were conducted in the HRS-eligible wetland 

located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 4-5, 7, 9, 11-12; 28, pp. 18-20, 22, 64-65; 

31, pp. 1, 26, 30, 36, 38]. Five release sediment samples (SD-04B and field duplicate SD-08B, SD-05A, 

SD-06A, and SD-07A) were collected from the wetland, at depths down to 2 feet bgs [28, pp. 64-65; 35, 

pp. 185-186, 188, 190]. Locations of the sediment samples collected from the wetland located south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property are depicted in Figure 11.

Release sediment sample compositions contained native matrix materials similar to the background 

sediment samples [35, pp. 179-180, 183, 185-186, 188, 190]. Sediment sample SD-04B and field 

duplicate sample SD-08B were described as saturated, dark brown-to-olive, organics and silt, little fineto-coarse sand, trace clay [35, p. 185]. Sediment sample SD-05A was described as wet, dark brown, 

organics, some silt, trace clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 186]. Sediment sample SD-06A was 

described as saturated, dark brown, organics, some silt, little clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 188]. 

Sediment sample SD-07A was described as wet, dark brown, silt and fine-to-coarse sand, some organics, 

trace clay, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 190].

The five release sediment samples (SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, SD-07A, and SD-08B) were submitted to 

a CLP laboratory for chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 11-12; 32, p. 10; 54, 

pp. 1, 9; 64, pp. 1, 9]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 105 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the release 

sediment samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes 

reference documentation [18, pp. 4-5, 7, 9, 11-12; 32, p. 10]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated 

sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for the 

five release sediment samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic 

and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [54, pp. 1, 5; 64, p. 1, 4]. In addition, the validation was 

conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and 

HRS evaluation [35, pp. 185-186, 188, 190; 54, pp. 1, 5; 64, p. 1, 4]. The release sediment samples were 

collected from similar depths as the background sediment samples, contained similar matrix materials as 

the background sediment samples, and were collected and analyzed using the same methods as the 

background sediment samples [18, pp. 11-12; 32, p. 10; 35, pp. 179-180, 183, 185-186, 188, 190; 54, pp. 

1, 9; 64, pp. 1, 9]. 

Table 45 – Sediment Sample Location Descriptions

Sample 

ID

Sample 

Medium Sample Location*

Distance 

from PPE

No. 2 (miles) Depth (bgs) Date References

SD-04B Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property (Map No. 59,

Lot Nos. 185 to 190)

0.054 0 to 12 inches 26 Jan. 2012 28, p. 64; 35, p. 

185; 87; 68

SD-05A Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property (Map No. 59,

Lot No. 142)

0.133 0 to 12 inches 25 Jan. 2012 28, p. 64; 35, p. 

186; 87; 68

SD-06A Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 220)

0.158 0 to 12 inches 25 Jan. 2012 28, p. 64; 35, p. 

188; 87; 68

SD-07A Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 220)

0.188 18 to 24 

Inches 25 Jan. 2012 28, p. 65; 35, p. 190; 87; 68

SD-08B Wetland 

Sediment

Wetland south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc.

property (Map No. 59, 

Lot Nos. 185 to 190)

0.054 0 to 12 inches 26 Jan. 2012 28, p. 65; 35, p. 

185; 87; 68

bgs = Below Ground Surface

Jan. = January

No. = Number

* = The Lot numbers provided are depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 59 [68].

Among the five release sediment samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 28,300 

J mg/Kg in sediment sample SD-06A, and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 1,310 J

mg/Kg in sediment sample SD-05A [18, pp. 4-5, 7, 9, 11-12; 28, pp. 64-65; 54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 

57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52].
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 106 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 46 – Hazardous Substances Associated with Sediment Samples 

Sample

ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration Bias*

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

SD-04B Chromium

2,320 J 

(1,798) mg/Kg Unknown 1 mg/Kg

18, pp. 9, 11-12; 64, p. 9; 

73, pp. 1-2, 8, 59

SD-05A

Chromium

26,500 J 

(20,540) mg/Kg Unknown 10 mg/Kg

18, pp. 7, 11-12; 54, p. 9; 

Lead 74, pp. 1-2, 7, 51

1,310 J 

(910) mg/Kg Unknown 1 mg/Kg

SD-06A

Chromium

28,300 J 

(21,940) mg/Kg Unknown 10 mg/Kg

18, pp. 5, 11-12; 54, p. 9; 

Lead 74, pp. 1-2, 7, 52

539 J 

(374) mg/Kg Unknown 1 mg/Kg

SD-07A

Chromium

4,860 J 

(3,767) mg/Kg Unknown 2.4 mg/Kg

18, pp. 4, 11-12; 64, p. 9; 

Lead 73, pp. 1-2, 8, 57

250 J 

(174) mg/Kg Unknown 2.4 mg/Kg

SD-08B

Chromium

4,320 J 

(3,349) mg/Kg Unknown 1.4 mg/Kg

18, pp. 9, 11-12; 64, p. 9; 

Lead 73, pp. 1-2, 8, 60

342 J 

(238) mg/Kg Unknown 1.4 mg/Kg

CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit.

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

J = The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity [73, p. 8; 74, p. 7].

( ) = For hazardous substance concentrations, denotes concentration of the compound or element 

following adjustment based on the EPA Fact Sheet, Using Qualified Data to Document an

Observed Release and Observed Contamination [70]. 

* An explanation for the direction of the bias is provided in Reference 73, Table 2 and Reference 

74, Table 1.

Attribution:

The operational history of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property as a chromium electroplating facility, as 

well as analytical sampling data that demonstrate the presence of the hazardous substances lead and 

chromium in source areas, establishes that lead and chromium are associated with the site. Chromium 

electroplating operations were conducted on the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property between 1940 and 

2007 [15, p. 2; 23, pp. 5-6]. In a 1983 Facility Annual Report submitted to the Commonwealth of 

Massachusetts, Walton & Lonsbury Inc. identified that “chrome sludge from plating process” was 

generated at a rate of 1,500 gallons a year [81, pp. 1, 7]. According to a chemical use inventory list 

included in a 1989 report prepared by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., hazardous chemicals 

used at the property included chromic acid [24, pp. 16-17, 77]. A 1989 Annual Report prepared by 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. identified the facility as a large quantity generator and on-site treatment, storage, 

or disposal facility generating “chrome plating rinse water” and “sludge” at a rate of 10,800 gallons per 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 107 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

year [85, pp. 1-2, 10]. A 1991 Hazardous Waste Report submitted by Walton & Lonsbury Inc. to EPA 

identified on-site wastes generated including “corrosive chromic-acid-contaminated solid debris, from 

chrome-plating operation”; “chromic acid in water”; and “chromic-acid contaminated steel ductwork 

ventilation system for chrome-plating operation” [86, pp. 1, 3-4, 7]. File documentation indicates that in

2007, 4,200 gallons of chromic acid solution were transported from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property

for disposal and/or treatment, and a 2008 hazardous waste manifest documents the transport of 4,010 

gallons of chromic acid from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property in Attleboro, MA [80, pp. 26, 28; 84].

Lead has also been identified as having been used in former operational processes on the property [15, pp. 

2-3]. The Walton & Lonsbury Inc. facility building contained a lead smelter and exhaust hood that were 

associated with the manufacture of plumbing components involved in the plating process [15, p. 3]. 

Chemical analysis of source samples collected from Source Nos. 1 and 2 have documented the presence 

of the hazardous substances chromium, hexavalent chromium, and lead [28, pp. 61-62; 50, pp. 9-10; 52, 

p. 8; 72, pp. 9-21, 72, 73; 77, pp. 11, 72, 73]. Analytical sampling data for Source Nos. 3 and 4 have 

documented the presence of chromium and lead at concentrations significantly above background [28, pp. 

64, 67, 69–73, 83; 53, p. 9; 54, p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42-46, 63, 74, 75, 78; 74, pp. 7, 

51-52]. Chemical analysis of five sediment samples (SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, SD-07A, and SD-08B) 

document an observed release to the HRS-eligible wetland adjacent to or downstream of, and subject to 

overland flow from, Source Nos. 1 through 4 [28, pp. 64-65; 54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, 

pp. 7, 51-52]. The presence of chromium and lead at elevated concentrations in Sources 1 through 4, and 

the documentation via chemical analysis of an observed release of these substances to the wetland south 

of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, support at least partial attribution of the hazardous substances to 

releases from the site [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2].

A review of available information was conducted to determine other potential sources of chromium and 

lead contamination to the site. This review included a search of the Searchable Waste Site List/Site Files 

for MassDEP, and a review of the EPA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and 

Liability Information System (CERCLIS) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

databases. The MassDEP database allows sites and reportable releases to be searched by various criteria, 

and allows users to retrieve a report once the associated data have been approved by MassDEP for public 

viewing. As part of the search for other nearby potential chromium and lead sources, the MassDEP 

database was queried for records for the “Town of Attleboro”. A total of 309 spill records were identified 

based on this criterion [102, pp. 1-7]. The search was further refined to include reportable releases within 

1⁄2-mile of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property. The search yielded 25 records of reportable releases on 

the following streets: Walton Street, Deanville Road, Holden Street, Newcomb Street, Water Street, West 

Street, Townhouse Road, and North Avenue. The majority (14 records) listed “oil” as the chemical type; 

six records listed “hazardous material” as the chemical type; one record listed “oil and hazardous 

material” as the chemical type; and four records did not list the chemical type. Three of these releases are 

associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [102, pp. 1-3]. A review of the online 

documentation of the remaining incidents involving oil and hazardous materials or undefined 

contaminants (excluding releases from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property) indicated that none of the 

incidents involved or identified the presence of chromium or lead above background levels [93, pp. 35-

40; 94, pp. 39-40; 95, p. 37; 96, pp. 23-25; 97, p. 16; 98, pp. 3-6; 99, p. 6; 100, p. 10; 101, pp. 28-29; 116, 

p. 1; 117, pp. 13-16, 226, 231-232; 118, p. 1; 119, p. 11].

A review of the EPA CERCLIS and RCRA databases identified eight CERCLIS and 188 RCRA sites in 

Attleboro, MA, including Walton & Lonsbury Inc. [104, pp. 1-2; 105, pp. 1-73]. The seven remaining 

sites identified in the CERCLIS database search (other than Walton & Lonsbury Inc.) were all located 

downstream or south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, and two of the facilities were located 

greater than 4 miles from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [11; 106, pp. 1-4]. The RCRA database 

search was further refined to include only North American Industry Classification (NAIC) Code 332813 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 108 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

(electroplating). The search identified seven electroplating facilities, including the Walton & Lonsbury

Inc. property [106, pp. 1-4]. The remaining six facilities identified in the RCRA database search were 

located downstream or south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [11; 106, pp. 1-4].

As part of the 2012 EPA SR, background sediment sample locations SD-01C, SD-01D, and SD-03 were 

selected to further identify any additional potentially contributing sources of chromium and lead 

contamination to the wetland south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property. Background sediment 

samples SD-01C and SD-01D were collected from a tributary upstream of the wetland [18, p. 6]. This 

tributary was observed to flow along the southern border of several industrial/commercial properties 

along Walton Street, west of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, prior to discharging to the wetland 

south of the property [18, pp. 5-6]. No other tributaries were observed to flow into the wetland south of 

the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 5-6]. Background sediment sample SD-03 was collected 

immediately downstream of the discharge point of an outfall pipe, which emerged from a retaining wall 

of a property located immediately adjacent to and west of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 

9; 28, pp. 23, 63]. Water from the outfall pipe was observed to discharge directly into the wetland located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [18, p. 9]. Based on information provided in a previous 

report, the outfall pipe discharges stormwater runoff from the industrial park area west of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property [24, p. 15]. As presented above, analytical results of background sediment 

samples SD-01C, SD-01D, and SD-03 indicated that no significant levels of lead and chromium 

contamination are entering the wetland from upstream tributaries or the outfall pipe [18, pp. 5-6, 9, 11-12; 

28, p. 63; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 7, 53, 54, 58]. 

Hazardous Substances Released 

Chromium and lead (by chemical analysis)

Surface Water Observed Release Factor Value: 550 

4.1.2.1.2 Potential to Release

An observed release was documented through chemical analysis; therefore, potential to release was not

evaluated. 

4.1.2.2 Drinking Water Threat Waste Characteristics

Drinking Water Threat Targets have not been identified for the surface water overland flow pathway;

therefore, the Drinking Water Threat was not evaluated. 

4.1.2.3 Drinking Water Threat Targets

Drinking Water Threat Targets have not been identified for the surface water overland flow pathway; 

therefore, Drinking Water Threat Targets were not evaluated. 

4.1.3.2 Human Food Chain Threat Waste Characteristics 

There are potential Human Food Chain Threat Targets due to the presence of a potential fishery located 

along the downstream surface water pathway, and previous documentation of contaminated downstream 

sediments within the reach of the potential fishery [25, pp. 33, 35, 61; 28, p. 41]. However, evidence of 

fish consumption has not been documented; therefore, the Human Food Chain Threat has not been 

evaluated as part of this HRS documentation record.
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 109 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

4.1.3.3 Human Food Chain Threat Targets

There are potential Human Food Chain Threat Targets due to the presence of a potential fishery located 

along the downstream surface water pathway, and previous documentation of contaminated downstream 

sediments within the reach of the potential fishery [25, pp. 33, 35, 61; 28, p. 41]. However, evidence of 

fish consumption has not been documented; therefore, the Human Food Chain Threat has not been 

evaluated as part of this HRS documentation record.

4.1.4.2 Environmental Threat Waste Characteristics

4.1.4.2.1 Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation

The Ecosystem Toxicity Factor Value and the Persistence Factor Value are assigned to the hazardous 

substances associated with the sources and releases at the site based on the values presented in the 

Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM) [2, pp. BI-3, BI-8]. Since the downstream hazardous substance 

migration pathways are comprised of fresh water bodies, ecosystem toxicity and bioaccumulation factor 

values for fresh water are used in this evaluation. Since the upstream and downstream hazardous 

substance migration pathways are comprised of rivers, persistence values for rivers are used in this 

evaluation.

Table 47 - Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Environmental Bioaccumulation Factor

Hazardous 

Substance

Source

Nos.

Ecosystem

Toxicity 

Factor 

Value

Persistence 

Factor

Value

Environmental

Bioaccumulation 

Value

Ecosystem Toxicity/

Persistence/ 

Environmental

Bioaccumulation

Factor Value

(Ref. 1, Table 4-21) References

Chromium 1, 2, 3, 4 10,000 1.0 500 5 × 106 2, p. BI-3

Lead 1, 2, 3, 4 1,000 1.0 50,000 5 × 107 2, p. BI-8

From HRS Table 4-21, a Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value of 1,000 and a Environmental 

Bioaccumulation Factor Value of 50,000 for lead are assigned an Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/ 

Bioaccumulation Factor Value of 5 × 107 [1, p. 51623]. 

Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Environmental Bioaccumulation Factor Value: 5 × 107

4.1.4.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

Table 48 – Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor

Source No. Source Type Source Hazardous Waste Quantity

1 Pile 469.2

2 Pile 760

3 Surface Impoundment 10,029.9

4 Contaminated Soil 0.36
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 110 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Sum of Values: 11,259.46

Based on HRS Section 2.4.2.2, if the Hazardous Constituent Quantity is not adequately determined for 

one or more sources and if any target for the surface water pathway is subject to Level I or Level II 

concentrations, a factor value is assigned from Table 2-6 or a value of 100, whichever is greater, as the 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value for that pathway [1, pp. 51591, Table 2-6, 51592, Section 

2.4.2.2]. 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-6): 10,000 

4.1.4.2.3 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value

The Ecosystem Toxicity Factor Value (1,000) and the Persistence Factor Value (1.0) for lead are 

multiplied in order to determine the Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value (1,000) [1, p. 51624, 

Section 4.1.4.2.1.4, Table 4-20]. The Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value for the watershed 

(1,000) is multiplied by the Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value for the watershed (10,000) in order 

to determine the Waste Characteristics Product, subject to a maximum value of 1 × 108 [1, pp. 51592, 

Section 2.4.3.1, 51624, Section 4.1.4.2.3]. 1,000 × 10,000 = 1 × 107

.

Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value: 1,000

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 10,000 

Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value × Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 1 × 107

The Waste Characteristics Product for the watershed (subject to a maximum value of 1 × 108

) is 

multiplied by the Bioaccumulation Potential Factor Value (50,000) for lead, to generate a second product, 

subject to a maximum value of 1 × 1012 [1, p. 51624, Section 4.1.4.2.3]. (1 × 107

) × 50,000 = 5 × 1011.

(Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence × Hazardous Waste Quantity) × 

Bioaccumulation Potential Factor Value: 5 × 1011

From HRS Table 2-7, the second Waste Characteristics Product (5 × 1011

) is assigned a Waste 

Characteristics Factor Category Value of 560 [1, pp. 51592, Section 2.4.3.1, 51624, Section 4.1.4.2.3].

Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value (1, p. 51592, Table 2-7): 560 

4.1.4.3 Environmental Threat Targets

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetland Inventory (NWI) documents

numerous wetland types along the TDL for the surface water migration pathway for the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. site [103, pp. 2, 9]. According to the NWI maps, wetlands are present in the area south and 

southwest of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, extending from PPE No. 2 to immediately north of

Deanville Road; and east of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, along Bliss Brook [103, pp. 3, 9]. On 

10 January 2012, an EPA Senior Wetland Scientist examined and delineated the wetland area extending 

downstream of PPE No. 2 to Deanville Road [103, p. 3]. The results of this wetland delineation indicated 

that the shape of the wetland outlined by the NWI Maps was generally consistent with what was observed 

in the field; however, various wetland types were identified within this wetland area, rather than the single 

classification identified by the NWI maps [103, pp. 3, 9, 10]. The results of the EPA wetland delineation 

documented several classifications of HRS-eligible wetlands south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property [103, pp. 3, 10, 26]. The results of the EPA wetland delineation documented a total area of 8.5 

acres of HRS-eligible wetlands south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and north of Deanville 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 111 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Road, with a total perimeter of 0.811 miles (see Figure 11) [103, pp. 10, 26]. In addition, field 

observations indicated that there was no discernible flow (e.g. defined channel) through this wetland area 

[103, p. 4]. Additional segments of HRS-eligible wetlands were identified along Bliss Brook, the Bungay 

River, and the Ten Mile River (including Mechanics Pond) [103, pp. 3-5, 10, 26-27]. For the purposes of 

this HRS documentation record, only the downstream wetland extending south of the Walton & Lonsbury

Inc. property to immediately north of Deanville Road, which is subject to actual contamination, is

evaluated to document actual contamination to greater than 0.1 miles of wetland frontage.

Analytical results of five sediment samples (SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, SD-07A, and SD-08B), collected 

during the EPA SR from the HRS-eligible wetland south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, 

document an observed release of chromium and lead [28, pp. 64-65; 54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-

60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52]. Sediment sample SD-07A was collected at a location 0.188 miles downstream of 

the most upstream PPE (PPE No. 2) for surface water overland flow to the wetland [87, p. 1]. 

Most Distant Level I Sample

Sample ID: N/A

Distance from the probable point of entry:

Reference:

Most Distant Level II Sample

Sample ID: SD-07A

Distance from the probable point of entry: 0.188 miles

Reference: 28, p. 18; 64, p. 9; 65; 73, pp. 8, 57; 87, p. 1

4.1.4.3.1 Sensitive Environments

4.1.4.3.1.1 Level I Concentrations

The observed release to sediment from sources associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property is 

established by sediment sample analytical results [54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-

52]. Sensitive environments that are determined to be actual contamination targets based on sediment 

sample analytical results, but for which no ecological-based benchmarks are applicable, are evaluated as 

subject to actual contamination at Level II [1, p. 51625, Section 4.1.4.3.1]. No Level I sensitive 

environments have been identified.

Sum of Level I Wetland Frontages:

Wetlands Value (Ref. 1, Table 4-24): 0

Sum of Level I Sensitive Environments Value + Wetlands Value: 

(Sum of Level Sensitive Environments Value + Wetlands Value) x 10: 0

Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 0

4.1.4.3.1.2. Level II Concentrations

One sensitive environment (HRS-eligible wetland located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property

and extending to immediately north of Deanville Road), which was determined to be an actual 

contamination target based on chemical analysis of sediment samples, is evaluated using Level II 

concentrations [1, p. 51625, Section 4.1.4.3.1]. An observed release to sediment from sources associated 

with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property has been established for the entire wetland located south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, encompassing an area bounded by 0.811 miles of wetland frontage 
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 112 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

downstream of PPE No. 2 [54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52; 103, pp. 9, 26]. No 

other sensitive environments were evaluated along the TDL for the surface water migration pathway for 

the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. site.

Level II Wetland Frontages

Based on the results of the January 2012 EPA wetland delineation activities, a total area of 8.5 acres of 

HRS-eligible wetlands with a total perimeter of 0.811 miles was identified in the downstream wetland 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and extending to immediately north of Deanville Road 

[103, pp. 10, 26]. In addition, field observations indicated that there was no discernible flow (e.g. defined 

channel) through this wetland [103, p. 4]. For the purposes of this HRS documentation record, only the 

HRS-eligible wetland south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and subject to actual contamination 

is evaluated to document actual contamination to greater than 0.1 miles of wetland frontage.

Chromium was detected through laboratory analysis at concentrations documenting an observed release in 

each of the five sediment samples (SD-04B, SD-05A, SD-06A, SD-07A, and SD-08B) collected from the 

downstream wetland located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and extending to immediately 

north of Deanville Road [1, p. 51588 (Section 2.2.2), p. 51609 (Section 4.1.2.1.1); 28, pp. 64, 65; 54, p. 9; 

64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52]. Lead was detected through laboratory analysis at 

concentrations documenting an observed release in four of the five sediment samples (SD-05A, SD-06A, 

SD-07A, and SD-08B) collected from this wetland [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2, p. 51609, Section 

4.1.2.1.1; 28, pp. 64-65; 54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52]. No discernible flow (e.g.

defined channel) was observed through this wetland, and observed contamination via chemical analysis 

was documented in sediment samples collected from the northern boundary of the wetland (SD-04B/SD08B), throughout the wetland (SD-05A and SD-06A), and to the southeastern boundary of the wetland

(SD-07A), to where surface water flow is directed into an underground culvert (see Figure 11) [28, pp. 

64-65; 54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52; 103, p. 4]. Therefore, an HRS-eligible

wetland perimeter frontage of 0.811 miles is documented as a Level II actual observed release 

environmental target [1, pp. 51589 (Table 2-3), 51625 (Section 4.1.4.3.1)]. 

Table 49 – Wetland Frontages

Wetland Wetland Frontage (miles) References

Wetland located south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property

0.811

54, p. 9; 64, p. 9; 73, pp. 8, 57, 

59-60; 74, pp. 7, 51-52; 103, pp. 

9, 26

Sum of Level II Wetland Frontages: 0.811 miles

Wetlands Value (1, p. 51625, Table 4-24): 25

Sum of Level II Sensitive Environments Value + Wetlands Value: 25

Level II Concentrations Factor Value: 25
Surface Water Overland Flow

General

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 113 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

4.1.4.3.1.3 Potential Contamination

Potential Sensitive Environment Targets

Table 50 - Potential Sensitive Environment Targets

Type of Surface 

Water Body Sensitive Environment References

Sensitive 

Environment Value 

[1, Table 4-23]

NS

NS = Not Scored.

Potential Wetland Frontages

Table 51 - Potential Wetland Frontages

Type of Surface 

Water Body Wetland Frontage (miles) References

Wetlands Value

[1, Table 4-24]

NE

NS = Not Evaluated.

Table 52 - Potential Wetland Frontage Value

Type of Surface 

Water Body

Sum of Sensitive 

Environments 

Values (Si)

Wetland 

Frontage Value 

(Wj)

Dilution Weight 

(Dj) Dj(Wj + Sj)

NS

NS = Not Evaluated.

Sum of Dj(Wj + Sj): 

(Sum of Dj(Wj + Sj))/10:

Potential Contamination Factor Value: Not Scored
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 114 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

5.0 SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAY

5.0.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

Letter by which these areas are to be identified: A, B, and C

Names of areas: Contaminated Soil Area A, Contaminated Soil Area B, Contaminated Soil Area C

Location and description of areas (with references to maps of the sites):

Area A:

Area of Observed Contamination, Area A (Area A) is equivalent to the area encompassed by Source No. 

4, with the exception of the area covered by essentially impenetrable barrier (Deanville Road), per HRS 

requirements [1, p. 51646 (Section 5.0.1); 71, pp. 1-2, 9-10]. Area A comprises 11,980.80 ft2 (0.28 acres) 

located on portions of seven properties which are located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property 

(see Figures 8, 12, and 13) [10; 12; 65; 66; 71, pp. 1-2, 9-10]. These seven properties are depicted on the 

City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot Nos. 113, 114B; and on Map No. 59, as Lot 

Nos. 190A, 220, 225, 227, 228 [12; 68; 69]. The geographic coordinates of Area A, as measured from its 

approximate center, are 41° 57′ 18.1′′ north latitude and 71° 17′ 49.3′′ west longitude [11; 71, p. 2]. Area 

A is bounded by the following six surface soil sample locations: P-01-SS-02B, P-01-SS-03B, P-04-SS-06, 

P-06-SS-02, P-07-SS-02/P-30-SS-02 (field duplicate), and P-09-SS-07 [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1, 28, pp. 

67, 69-73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 9-10; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42-46, 64, 74, 75, 78, 79]. Three 

additional surface soil samples, P-04-SS-03, P-06-SS-03, and P-09-SS-02, are located within Area A [28, 

pp. 69, 71-72; 71, pp. 9-10]. 

The majority of Area A is located along the western portions of residential properties along North 

Avenue, adjacent to (east of) the wetland and Surface Impoundment Source Area (Source No. 3) located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see Figure 8). Based on site topography and on-site 

observations, the low-lying areas on the western portions of residential properties along North Avenue, 

immediately east of the wetlands located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, are subject to 

surface water flooding from the wetlands [11; 18, pp. 15-16, 23; 109, p. 1, 5]. Area A also includes an 

area of contaminated soil on portions of two properties (designated during the 2012 EPA SR as “P-07”

and “P-09”) located south of Deanville Road and the wetland south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 

property [18, pp. 13, 15-16; 28, pp. 28, 71-72]. Low-lying areas in the northern portions of several 

properties along the southern side of Deanville Road, south of the wetland, have been observed to be 

subject to flooding from surface water flowing across Deanville Road from the wetland [18, pp. 16, 28].

Area B:

Area of Observed Contamination, Area B (Area B) is equivalent to the area encompassed by Source No. 

5, with the exception of areas covered by essentially impenetrable barrier (a shed and a pool), per HRS 

requirements [1, p. 51646 (Section 5.0.1); 71, pp. 1-3, 11-13]. Area B comprises 11,756.69 ft2 (0.27

acres) located on portions of 11 properties located east of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see 

Figures 9, 14, 15, and 16) [10; 12; 65; 66; 71, pp. 1-3, 11-13]. These 11 properties are depicted on the 

City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot Nos. 94, 95, 96, 97, 97A, 102A, 104, 109, 110, 

111, and 112 [12; 69]. The geographic coordinates of Area B, as measured from its approximate center, 

are 41° 57′ 14.9′′ north latitude and 71° 17′ 43.2′′ west longitude [11; 71, p. 3]. Area B is bounded by the 

following 10 surface soil sample locations: P-03-SS-05, P-05-SS-06, P-05-SS-05, P-20-SS-04A/P-31-SS04A (field duplicate), P-20-SS-01, P-19-SS-03, P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, P-24-SS-04, and P-17-SS07A/B [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1, 28, pp. 69, 70, 78-80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 115 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

11-13; 72, pp. 35, 38-41, 47-54, 64, 76, 78-81]. Three additional surface soil samples, P-05-SS-01, P-05-

SS-04, and P-18-SS-09, are located within Area B [28, pp. 70, 79; 71, pp. 11-13]. 

Area B is located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, along the eastern portions of 

residential properties east of North Avenue and immediately west of Bliss Brook; and along the western 

portions of residential properties located west of Rounds Place and immediately east of Bliss Brook [18, 

pp. 30-31, 33-36; 28, pp. 49, 69, 70, 78-80, 83]. Area B encompasses surface soil sample locations within 

low-lying areas on residential properties, adjacent to Bliss Brook [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25]. Based on site 

topography, flood plain data, on-site observations, and interviews with an on-site resident, the low-lying 

areas of residential properties within Area B, adjacent to Bliss Brook, are known or suspected to be 

subject to surface water flooding from Bliss Brook [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25; 109, pp. 1-2, 5]. 

Area C:

Area of Observed Contamination, Area C (Area C) is equivalent to the area encompassed by Source No. 

6. Area C comprises 4,350.89 ft2 (0.10 acres) located on portions of four properties located southeast of 

the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see Figures 10 and 17) [10; 12; 65; 66; 71, pp. 1, 3-4, 14]. These 

four properties are depicted on the City of Attleboro, MA Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot Nos. 124, 

125, 125A, and 126 [12; 69]. The geographic coordinates of Area C, as measured from its approximate 

center, are 41° 57′ 6.8′′ north latitude and 71° 17′ 43.2′′ west longitude [11; 71, p. 4]. Area C is bounded 

by the following five surface soil sample locations: P-23-SS-06, P-23-SS-02, P-22-SS-09A, P-22-SS10A, and P-22-SS-07 [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1, 28, pp. 80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 71, p. 14; 

72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. Two additional surface soil samples, P-21-SS-03 and P-21-SS-04, are located 

within Area C [28, p. 80; 71, p. 14]. 

Area C is located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, south of West Street, along portions 

of residential properties adjacent to Bliss Brook [18, pp. 20-21, 24; 28, pp. 32-33, 36, 80-82]. Area C 

encompasses surface soil sample locations within low-lying areas on residential properties, adjacent to 

Bliss Brook [18, pp. 20-21, 24]. Based on site topography, on-site observations, and flood plain data, the 

low-lying areas of residential properties within Area C, adjacent to Bliss Brook, are suspected to be 

subject to surface water flooding from Bliss Brook [18, pp. 20-21, 24; 109, pp. 1-2, 5]. 

- Background Concentrations:

Between 25 January and 1 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPAapproved January 2012 Site-Specific QAPP, background surface soil sampling activities were conducted 

[18, pp. 4, 15, 18-22; 28, pp. 18, 27-28, 30-33, 61, 71, 76-77, 79, 81; 31, pp. 1, 26, 28, 33-34, 42]. Ten 

background surface soil samples were utilized to document natural background conditions in the local 

vicinity of the site. One background surface soil sample (SO-01B) was collected from an undeveloped 

parcel located south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 142 [10; 12; 18, p. 4; 28, pp. 18, 61; 68]. Two background surface soil 

samples (P-06-SS-07 and P-06-SS-08) were collected from a residential property located south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, 

as Lot No. 220 [10; 12; 18, p. 15; 28, pp. 27-28, 71; 68]. One background surface soil sample (P-14-SS01) was collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, 

which is depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157D [10; 12; 18, p. 

21; 28, pp. 33, 76; 69]. Two background surface soil samples (P-16-SS-03 and P-16-SS-04) were 

collected from a residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is 

depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 157B [10; 12; 18, pp. 21-22; 28, 

pp. 33, 77; 69]. One background surface soil sample (P-18-SS-04) was collected from a residential 

property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the City of 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 116 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 96 [10; 12; 18, p. 18; 28, pp. 30, 79; 69]. Three 

background surface soil samples (P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08) were collected from a 

residential property located southeast of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, which is depicted on the 

City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 126 [10; 12; 18, pp. 19-20; 28, pp. 31-32, 81; 

69]. All background surface soil sample locations are depicted in Figure 4.

The 10 background surface soil samples were collected in the vicinity of the site from the same depth 

interval (0- to 2-feet), during the same time period, and utilizing the same collection and analytical 

methods as the surface soil samples presented as part of the Areas A, B, and C characterization [18, pp. 

14-16, 18-25, 27, 28; 28, pp. 18, 27-33, 30-61, 67, 69-73, 76-83; 32, pp. 12-16; 35, pp. 3, 5, 20, 23, 26, 

30, 33-35, 38-39, 43-44, 46, 53, 58, 94, 102-103, 110-111, 117, 120-122, 125-126, 129, 133-134, 137-

138, 144-146, 148, 151, 155, 163; 50, p. 1; 53, p. 1; 60, p. 1]. 

The 10 background surface soil samples collected as part of the EPA SR contained varying compositions 

of naturally occurring native matrix materials (i.e., sand, silt, clay, gravel, and organic matter) [35, pp. 43-

44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. The 10 background surface soil samples were selected to 

comprise soil characteristics/compositions encountered in the surface soil samples presented as part of 

Areas A, B, and C. Background surface soil sample SO-01B was described as moist, yellow brown, silt, 

some fine sand, little clay, trace medium-to-coarse gravel, trace organics, trace medium-to-coarse sand 

[35, p. 163]. Background surface soil sample P-06-SS-07 was described as brown-to-dark brown, fine-tocoarse sand, some silt, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 43]. Background 

surface soil sample P-06-SS-08 was described as brown, silt and fine-to-coarse sand, little fine-to-medium 

gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 44]. Background surface soil sample P-14-SS-01 was described as 

dry, brown, silt, trace clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics [35, p. 

94]. Background surface soil sample P-16-SS-03 was described as moist, brown-to-dark brown, clay, 

some silt, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace fine-to-coarse sand [35, p. 102]. Background surface soil 

sample P-16-SS-04 was described as wet, brown-to-dark brown, clay and silt, trace organics, trace fineto-coarse sand [35, p. 103]. Background surface soil sample P-18-SS-04 was described as brown, fine-tocoarse sand, little silt, little clay, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics [35, p. 117]. Background 

surface soil sample P-22-SS-01A was described as dark brown, silt, little organics, trace fine-to-coarse 

sand [35, p. 137]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS-01B was described as moist, dark brown, clay 

and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 138]. Background surface soil sample P-22-SS08 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, some silt, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace clay, trace 

organics [35, p. 145].

Table 53 - Background Surface Soil Sample Location Description

Sample ID Sample Medium Depth Date References 

SO-01B Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 25 Jan. 2012 18, p. 4; 28, p. 61

P-06-SS-07 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 15; 28, p. 71

P-06-SS-08 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 15; 28, p. 71

P-14-SS-01 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 21; 28, p. 76 

P-16-SS-03 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 21; 28, p. 77

P-16-SS-04 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 22; 28, p. 77
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 117 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 53 - Background Surface Soil Sample Location Description

Sample ID Sample Medium Depth Date References 

P-18-SS-04 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 18; 28, p. 79

P-22-SS-01A Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 19; 28, p. 81

P-22-SS-01B Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 19; 28, p. 81

P-22-SS-08 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 20; 28, p. 81

Jan. = January bgs = Below ground surface

Feb. = February < = Less than

As presented above, the 10 background surface soil samples contained varying compositions of naturally 

occurring native matrix materials (i.e., sand, silt, clay, gravel, and organic matter), which constituted 

major and/or minor components of the samples [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-138, 145, 163]. 

Similarly, the surface soil samples presented as part of the Areas A, B, and C characterization exhibited 

varying compositions of the same naturally occurring native matrix materials (see Contaminated Samples 

presented below). The analytical results of surface soil samples presented to characterize Areas A, B, and 

C could be compared to the contaminant concentrations detected only in those background surface soil 

sample(s) which displayed the most similar matrix composition. However, for simplicity of the HRS 

documentation record, and to support the case that analytical results of surface soil samples collected 

from Areas A, B, and C are significantly above documented background concentrations, all 10 

background surface soil samples are presented. Surface soil samples from Areas A, B, and C were 

compared to the highest concentrations detected among all 10 background samples for the analytes 

presented. Regardless of which approach is used for the comparison of contaminant concentrations [i.e., 

comparing release surface soil samples from Areas A, B, and C to only the background surface soil 

sample(s) that were most similar in composition, or comparing release surface soil samples to the highest 

concentrations detected among all background surface soil samples], sample analytical results for Areas 

A, B, and C indicate release surface soil sample contaminant concentrations significantly above 

background levels.

Background surface soil samples SO-01B, P-06-SS-07, P-06-SS-08, P-14-SS-01, P-16-SS-03, P-16-SS04, P-18-SS-04, P-22-SS-01A, P-22-SS-01B, and P-22-SS-08 were submitted to a CLP laboratory for 

chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15; 50, pp. 1, 9; 

60, pp. 1, 7; 61, pp. 1, 8-9]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in 

this HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the 

background surface soil samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC 

and field notes reference documentation [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25; 32, pp. 9, 12, 14-15]. In 

addition, all sample IDs and associated sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference 

table [115]. The analytical data for background surface soil samples were validated on a Tier II level 

according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 

1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation was conducted independently by designated chemists who 

were not involved in the sample collection and HRS evaluation [35, pp. 43-44, 94, 102-103, 117, 137-

138, 145, 163; 50, pp. 1, 3; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. As part of this HRS documentation record and the 

evaluation of background concentrations, the following hazardous substances in background surface soil 

samples are presented: chromium and lead.
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 118 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Among the 10 background surface soil samples, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 

14.1 mg/Kg in sample P-14-SS-01; and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 76.4 mg/Kg in 

sample P-22-SS-01A [18, pp. 4, 11-12, 15, 18-22, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 61, 71, 76, 77, 79, 81; 50, p. 9; 60, p. 

7; 61, pp. 8, 9; 72, pp. 23-32, 72, 74, 81, 82, 84]. Observed contamination is established for Areas A, B, 

and C when analytical results of samples collected from these areas indicate concentrations at least three 

times greater than the highest background concentrations detected among the 10 background surface soil 

samples [1, pp. 51588, Section 2.2.3, 51589, Table 2-3, 51646, Section 5.0.1].

Table 54 – Hazardous Substances Associated with Background Surface Soil Samples

Sample

ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

Sample-Adjusted 

CRQL Reference

SO-01B

Chromium 10.7 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg 18, pp. 4, 11-12; 28, 

p. 61; 50, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 10.1 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg 1, 32, 72

P-06-SS-07

Chromium 12.5 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, 

p. 71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 

Lead 23.4 mg/Kg 0.98 mg/Kg 1, 23, 74

P-06-SS-08

Chromium 10.3 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, 

p. 71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 

Lead 31.4 mg/Kg 1.05 mg/Kg 1, 24, 74

P-14-SS-01

Chromium 14.1 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, 

p. 76; 61, p. 8; 72, pp. 

Lead 30.4 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg 1, 25, 81

P-16-SS-03

Chromium 12.0 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, 

p. 77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 59.9 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 1, 26, 81

P-16-SS-04

Chromium 13.3 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, 

p. 77; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 66.8 mg/Kg 1.34 mg/Kg 1, 27, 81

P-18-SS-04

Chromium 11.0 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, 

p. 79; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 29.4 mg/Kg 1.12 mg/Kg 1, 28, 81

P-22-SS-01A

Chromium 10.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, 

p. 81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 76.4 mg/Kg 1.67 mg/Kg 1, 81, 84

P-22-SS-01B

Chromium 9.7 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, 

p. 81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 38.9 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 1, 30, 82

P-22-SS-08

Chromium 10.0 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, 

p. 81; 61, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 51.5 mg/Kg 1.15 mg/Kg 1, 31, 82

CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 119 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

- Contaminated Samples

For the sample descriptions presented below, all property designations (e.g., “P-01”, “P-02”, etc.) were 

assigned during the 2012 EPA SR, and are associated with the corresponding identifiers for soil samples 

collected from each property (e.g., P-01-SS-##, P-02-SS-##, etc.) [18, pp. 13-14].

Area A:

Between 31 January and 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPAapproved January 2012 Site-Specific QAPP, surface soil sampling activities were conducted for Area A 

[18, pp. 14-16, 18-23, 25, 27-28; 28, pp. 27-29, 35, 67, 69-73, 83; 31, pp. 1, 26, 28, 33-34, 42]. As part of 

the Area A characterization, 10 surface soil samples were collected from residential properties located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (samples P-01-SS-02B, P-01-SS-03B, P-04-SS-03, P-04-

SS-06, P-06-SS-02, P-06-SS-03, P-07-SS-02, P-09-SS-02, P-09-SS-07, and P-30-SS-02) [18, pp. 14-16, 

23, 27-28; 28, pp. 27-29, 35, 67, 69-73, 83]. Surface soil samples utilized to characterize Area A include 

the following: two surface soil samples (P-01-SS-02B and P-01-SS-03B) collected from a property 

designated as “P-01”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 190A; 

two surface soil samples (P-04-SS-03 and P-04-SS-06) collected from a property designated as “P-04”, 

depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 225; two surface soil samples 

(P-06-SS-02 and P-06-SS-03) collected from a property designated as “P-06”, depicted on the City of 

Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 59, as Lot No. 220; two surface soil samples (P-07-SS-02, and field 

duplicate P-30-SS-02) collected from a property designated as “P-07”, depicted on the City of Attleboro 

Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 113; and two surface soil samples (P-09-SS-02 and P-09-SS-07) 

collected from a property designated as “P-09”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 

49, as Lot No. 114B [12; 18, pp. 13-14; 68; 69]. All surface soil samples collected from Area A were 

collected from depths less than 2 feet bgs [35, pp. 3, 5, 23, 26, 38-39, 46, 53, 58]. Locations of all surface 

soil samples collected from Area A are depicted in Figures 12 and 13.

Each surface soil sample collected within Area A and presented in this HRS documentation record was

collected from a residential property; furthermore, each Area A surface soil sample location was within 

200 feet of the corresponding residential property’s building structure (see Figures 12 and 13) [18, p. 14; 

92, pp. 1-4]. 

Surface soil samples collected from Area A were of similar composition to the native materials described 

in the background surface soil samples presented for Areas A, B, and C. Surface soil sample P-01-SS-02B 

was described as saturated, dark brown-to-black, silt, little clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics 

[35, p. 3]. Surface soil sample P-01-SS-03B was described as moist, dark brown, silt and clay, trace fineto-coarse sand, little organics [35, p. 5]. Surface soil sample P-04-SS-03 was described as saturated, dark 

brown, silt, some fine-to-coarse sand, little clay, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 23]. Surface soil 

sample P-04-SS-06 was described as saturated, silt, some fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine gravel, trace 

organics, trace clay [35, p. 26]. Surface soil sample P-06-SS-02 was described as moist, dark brown, fineto-coarse sand and silt, trace organics, trace clay, trace fine gravel [35, p. 38]. Surface soil sample P-06-

SS-03 was described as wet, dark brown-to-black, silt and fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium 

gravel, trace organics, trace clay [35, p. 39]. Surface soil sample P-07-SS-02 and field duplicate P-30-SS02 were described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand and silt, little fine-to-medium gravel, trace organics, 

trace clay [35, p. 46]. Surface soil sample P-09-SS-02 was described as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, little 

silt, trace fine-to medium gravel, trace clay, trace organics [35, p. 53]. Surface soil sample P-09-SS-07 

was described as brown, silt, some fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 58]. 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 120 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Area B:

On 1 and 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, surface soil sampling activities were conducted for Area B [18, pp. 18-19, 21-

25, 27-28; 28, pp. 30-31, 33-36, 69-70, 78-80, 83; 31, pp. 1, 26, 28, 33-34, 42]. As part of the Area B 

characterization, 14 surface soil samples were collected from residential properties located southeast of 

the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (samples P-03-SS-05, P-05-SS-01, P-05-SS-04, P-05-SS-05, P-05-

SS-06, P-17-SS-07A, P-17-SS-07B, P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, P-18-SS-09, P-19-SS-03, P-20-SS-01, P20-SS-04A, and P-31-SS-04A) [18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, pp. 30-31, 33-36, 69-70, 78-80, 83]. Surface soil 

samples utilized to characterize Area B include the following: one surface soil sample (P-03-SS-05) 

collected from a property designated as “P-03”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 

49, as Lot No. 112; three surface soil samples (P-05-SS-01, P-05-SS-04, and P-05-SS-05) collected from 

a property designated as “P-05”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 

109; one surface soil sample (P-05-SS-06) collected from a property designated as “P-05”, depicted on 

the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 110; two surface soil samples (P-17-SS-07A 

and P-17-SS-07B) collected from a property designated as “P-17”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax 

Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 94; three surface soil samples (P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, and P-18-SS09) collected from a property designated as “P-18”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map 

No. 49, as Lot No. 96; one sample (P-19-SS-03) collected from a property designated as “P-19”, depicted 

on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 97A; and three surface soil samples [P20-SS-01 and P-20-SS-04A/ P-31-SS-04A (field duplicate)] collected from a property designated as “P20”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 97 [28, pp. 30-31, 33-36, 

69-70, 78-80, 83; 68; 69]. Surface soil samples P-17-SS-07A and P-17-SS-07B represent separate depth 

intervals at the same location; otherwise, all samples listed above (excluding field duplicates) represent 

discrete sample locations [18, pp. 19, 23; 28, pp. 30-31, 33-36, 69-70, 78-80, 83]. All surface soil samples 

collected from the Area B were collected from depths less than 2 feet bgs [35, pp. 20, 30, 33-35, 110-111, 

120-122, 125-126, 129]. Locations of all surface soil samples collected from Area B are depicted in 

Figures 14, 15 and 16.

Each surface soil sample collected within Area B and presented in this HRS documentation record was

collected from a residential property; furthermore, each Area B surface soil sample location was within 

200 feet of the corresponding residential property’s building structure (see Figures 14, 15 and 16) [18, p. 

14; 92, pp. 1-2, 5-7]. 

Surface soil samples collected from Area B were of similar composition to the native materials described 

in the background surface soil samples presented for Areas A, B, and C. Surface soil sample P-03-SS-05 

was described as wet, yellow brown-to-brown, fine-to-coarse sand, trace clay, trace silt, trace fine gravel, 

trace organics [35, p. 20]. Surface soil sample P-05-SS-01 was described as saturated, dark brown, clay 

and silt, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 30]. Surface soil 

sample P-05-SS-04 was described as wet, dark brown, silt and fine-to-coarse sand, little clay, trace 

organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 33]. Surface soil sample P-05-SS-05 was described as dry, dark brown, 

silt, some fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace debris (plastic wrapper, 

paper) [35, p. 34]. Surface soil sample P-05-SS-06 was described as dry, dark brown, silt, little fine-tocoarse sand, little organics, trace clay [35, p. 35]. Surface soil sample P-17-SS-07A was described as 

moist, dark brown, silt and clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine gravel, trace organics [35, p. 110]. 

Surface soil sample P-17-SS-07B was described as saturated, dark brown, silt and clay, little fine-tocoarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 111]. Surface soil sample P-18-SS-07 was described as wet, dark 

brown, silt and clay, little organics, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine-to-medium gravel [35, p. 120]. 

Surface soil sample P-18-SS-08 was described as moist, dark brown, silt and clay, trace fine-to-coarse 

sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 121]. Surface soil sample P-18-SS-09 was described as 

saturated, dark brown, silt and clay, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 121 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

122]. Surface soil sample P-19-SS-03 was described as dry, dark brown, silt, little clay, trace fine-tocoarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 125]. Surface soil sample P-20-SS-01 was described 

as brown, fine-to-coarse sand, little silt, trace fine-to-medium gravel, trace clay, trace organics [35, p. 

126]. Surface soil samples P-20-SS-04A and field duplicate P-31-SS-04A were described as brown-todark brown, silt, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace debris (cinder ash) [35, 

p. 129]. 

Area C:

On 1 and 2 February 2012, as part of the EPA SR and in accordance with the EPA-approved January 

2012 Site-Specific QAPP, surface soil sampling activities were conducted for Area C [18, pp. 20-21, 24, 

27-28; 28, pp. 32-33, 36, 80-82; 31, pp. 1, 26, 28, 33-34, 42]. As part of the Area C characterization, 

seven surface soil samples (P-21-SS-03, P-21-SS-04, P-22-SS-07, P-22-SS-09A, P-22-SS-10A, P-23-SS02, and P-23-SS-06) were collected from residential properties located southeast of the Walton &

Lonsbury Inc. property [18, pp. 20-21, 24, 27-28; 28, pp. 32-33, 36, 80-82]. Surface soil samples utilized 

to characterize Area C include the following: two surface soil samples (P-21-SS-03 and P-21-SS-04) 

collected from a property designated as “P-21”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 

49, as Lot No. 125; three surface soil samples (P-22-SS-07, P-22-SS-09A, and P-22-SS-10A) collected 

from a property designated as “P-22”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as 

Lot No. 126; and two surface soil samples (P-23-SS-02 and P-23-SS-06) collected from a property 

designated as “P-23”, depicted on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor's Map No. 49, as Lot No. 124 [28, 

pp. 80-82; 69]. All surface soil samples collected from the Area C were collected from depths less than 2 

feet bgs [35, pp. 133-134, 144, 146, 148, 151, 155]. Locations of all surface soil samples collected from 

Area C are depicted in Figure 17.

Each surface soil sample collected within Area C and presented in this HRS documentation record was

collected from a residential property; furthermore, each Area C surface soil sample location was within 

200 feet of the corresponding residential property’s building structure (Figure 17) [18, p. 14; 92, pp. 1-2, 

8]. 

Surface soil samples collected from Area C were of similar composition to the native materials described 

in the background samples presented for Areas A, B, and C. Surface soil sample P-21-SS-03 was 

described as moist, brown, clay and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 

133]. Surface soil sample P-21-SS-04 was described as moist, dark brown, clay, some silt, little fine sand, 

trace medium-to-coarse sand, trace fine gravel, trace organics [35, p. 134]. Surface soil sample P-22-SS07 was described as wet, dark brown, silt and clay, little fine-to-coarse sand, little organics [35, p. 144]. 

Surface soil sample P-22-SS-09A was described as saturated, dark brown, silt, little clay, trace fine-tocoarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel [35, p. 146]. Surface soil sample P-22-SS-10A was described 

as saturated, dark brown, clay and silt, trace fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics [35, p. 148]. Surface soil 

sample P-23-SS-02 was described as wet, dark brown, clay and silt, little fine-to-coarse sand, trace fine 

gravel, trace organics [35, p. 151]. Surface soil sample P-23-SS-06 was described as brown-to-dark 

brown, silt, some fine-to-coarse sand, trace organics, trace fine gravel, trace clay [35, p. 155].

Table 55 - Surface Soil Sample Location Descriptions for Areas A, B, and C

Area Sample ID Sample Medium Depth Date References

A P-01-SS-02B Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 23; 28, p. 67

A P-01-SS-03B Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 23; 28, p. 67
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 122 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 55 - Surface Soil Sample Location Descriptions for Areas A, B, and C

Area Sample ID Sample Medium Depth Date References

A P-04-SS-03 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 15; 28, p. 69

A P-04-SS-06 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 15; 28, p. 70

A P-06-SS-02 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 14; 28, p. 71

A P-06-SS-03 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 14; 28, p. 71

A P-07-SS-02 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 15; 28, p. 72

A P-09-SS-02 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 16; 28, p. 72

A P-09-SS-07 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 16; 28, p. 73

A P-30-SS-02 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 31 Jan. 2012 18, p. 15; 28, p. 83

B P-03-SS-05 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 21; 28, p. 69

B P-05-SS-01 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 22; 28, p. 70

B P-05-SS-04 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 22; 28, p.70

B P-05-SS-05 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 22; 28, p. 70

B P-05-SS-06 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 22; 28, p. 70

B P-17-SS-07A Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 23; 28, p. 78

B P-17-SS-07B Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 23; 28, p. 78

B P-18-SS-07 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 18; 28, p. 79

B P-18-SS-08 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 25; 28, p. 79

B P-18-SS-09 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 25; 28, p. 79

B P-19-SS-03 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 19; 28, p. 79

B P-20-SS-01 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 18; 28, p. 80

B P-20-SS-04A Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 24; 28, p. 80

B P-31-SS-04A Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 24; 28, p. 83

C P-21-SS-03 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 20; 28, p. 80

C P-21-SS-04 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 20; 28, p. 80

C P-22-SS-07 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 20; 28, p. 81

C P-22-SS-09A Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 24; 28, p. 82
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 123 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 55 - Surface Soil Sample Location Descriptions for Areas A, B, and C

Area Sample ID Sample Medium Depth Date References

C P-22-SS-10A Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 2 Feb. 2012 18, p. 24; 28, p. 82

C P-23-SS-02 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 21; 28, p. 82

C P-23-SS-06 Surface Soil < 2 feet bgs 1 Feb. 2012 18, p. 21; 28, p. 82

Jan. = January bgs = Below ground surface

Feb. = February < = Less than

Area A: 

The 10 surface soil samples collected from Area A (P-01-SS-02B, P-01-SS-03B, P-04-SS-03, P-04-SS06, P-06-SS-02, P-06-SS-03, P-07-SS-02, P-09-SS-02, P-09-SS-07, and P-30-SS-02) were submitted to a 

CLP laboratory for chromium and lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 12, 16; 

53, pp. 1, 9; 60, pp. 1, 7-8]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in 

this HRS documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for Area A 

samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes 

reference documentation [18, pp. 14-16, 23; 32, pp. 12, 16]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated 

sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Area A 

surface soil samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and 

Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation was conducted 

independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and HRS 

evaluation [35, pp. 3, 5, 23, 26, 38-39, 46, 53, 58; 53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3]. Among the 10 surface soil 

samples collected from Area A, chromium was detected at a maximum concentration of 617 mg/Kg in 

surface soil sample P-07-SS-02, and lead was detected at a maximum concentration of 530 mg/Kg in 

surface soil sample P-04-SS-06 [18, pp. 14-16, 23, 27-28; 28, pp. 67, 69 – 73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 

72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42 - 46, 64, 74, 75, 78, 79]. Based on chemical analysis of samples collected as part 

of the EPA SR, Area A has been documented to contain chromium and lead at concentrations 

significantly above background concentrations [18, pp. 14-16, 23, 27-28; 28, pp. 67, 69 – 73, 83; 53, p. 9; 

60, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42 - 46, 64, 74, 75, 78, 79].

Area B:

The 14 surface soil samples collected from Area B (P-03-SS-05, P-05-SS-01, P-05-SS-04, P-05-SS-05, P05-SS-06, P-17-SS-07A, P-17-SS-07B, P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, P-18-SS-09, P-19-SS-03, P-20-SS-01, 

P-20-SS-04A, and P-31-SS-04A) were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium and lead analysis 

under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 13-14, 16; 53, pp. 1, 9-10; 60, pp. 1, 9; 61, pp. 1, 7-8]. 

COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS documentation 

record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the Area B surface soil samples, and 

all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes reference 

documentation [18, pp. 18-19, 21-25; 32, pp. 13-14, 16]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated 

sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Area B 

surface soil samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and 

Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation 

was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and 

HRS evaluation [35, pp. 20, 30, 33-35, 110-111, 120-122, 125-126, 129; 53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3; 61, pp. 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 124 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

1, 3]. Among the 14 surface soil samples collected from Area B, chromium was detected at a maximum 

concentration of 2,020 mg/Kg in surface soil sample P-18-SS-07, and lead was detected at a maximum 

concentration of 359 mg/Kg in surface soil sample P-19-SS-03 [18, pp. 18-19, 21-25, 27-28; 28, pp. 69, 

70, 78 - 80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 35, 38 - 41, 47 - 54, 64, 76, 78 - 81]. Based on 

chemical analysis of samples collected as part of the EPA SR, Area B has been documented to contain 

chromium and lead at concentrations significantly above background concentrations [18, pp. 18-19, 21-

25, 27-28; 28, pp. 69, 70, 78 - 80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 72, pp. 35, 38 - 41, 47 - 54, 64, 

76, 78 - 81].

Area C:

The seven surface soil samples collected from Area C (P-21-SS-03, P-21-SS-04, P-22-SS-07, P-22-SS09A, P-22-SS-10A, P-23-SS-02, and P-23-SS-06) were submitted to a CLP laboratory for chromium and 

lead analysis under CLP SOW ISM01.3 [18, pp. 27-28; 32, pp. 12-13, 16; 53, pp. 1, 10; 60, pp. 1, 8-9; 61, 

pp. 1, 7]. COCs for all samples collected as part of the 2012 EPA SR and presented in this HRS 

documentation record are provided in Reference 32. The applicable COC pages for the Area C surface 

soil samples, and all corresponding sample identifiers, are provided in available COC and field notes 

reference documentation [18, pp. 20-21, 24; 32, pp. 12-13, 16]. In addition, all sample IDs and associated 

sample numbers and COC numbers are provided in a reference table [115]. The analytical data for Area C 

surface soil samples were validated on a Tier II level according to EPA Region I Tiered Organic and 

Inorganic Data Validation Guidelines [53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3, 61, pp. 1, 3]. In addition, the validation 

was conducted independently by designated chemists who were not involved in the sample collection and 

HRS evaluation [35, pp. 133, 134, 144, 146, 148, 151, 155; 53, pp. 1, 4; 60, pp. 1, 3, 61, pp. 1, 3]. Among 

the seven surface soil samples collected from Area C, chromium was detected at a maximum 

concentration of 1,180 mg/Kg in surface soil sample P-23-SS-02, and lead was detected at a maximum 

concentration of 554 mg/Kg in surface soil sample P-22-SS-10A [18, pp. 20-21, 24, 27-28; 28, pp. 80-82; 

53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. Based on chemical analysis of samples 

collected as part of the EPA SR, Area C has been documented to contain chromium and lead at 

concentrations significantly above background concentrations [18, pp. 20-21, 24, 27-28; 28, pp. 80-82; 

53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80].

Area Letters: A, B, and C

Table 56 – Hazardous Substances Associated with Areas A, B, and C

Area

Sample

ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

Area A:

A P-01-SS-02B Chromium 119 mg/Kg 1.71 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, 

p. 67; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 

1, 33, 78

A P-01-SS-03B Chromium 67.7 mg/Kg 1.69 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, 

p. 67 ; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 

1, 34, 78

A P-04-SS-03

Chromium 112 mg/Kg 1.62 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, 

p. 69 ; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 

Lead 338 mg/Kg 1.62 mg/Kg 1, 36, 74
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 125 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 56 – Hazardous Substances Associated with Areas A, B, and C

Area

Sample

ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

A P-04-SS-06

Chromium 253 mg/Kg 1.45 mg/Kg 18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, 

p. 70 ; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 

Lead 530 mg/Kg 1.45 mg/Kg 1, 37, 74

A P-06-SS-02 Chromium 147 mg/Kg 1.39 mg/Kg

18, pp. 14, 27-28; 28, 

p. 71; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 42, 74

A P-06-SS-03 Chromium 187 mg/Kg 1.18 mg/Kg

18, pp. 14, 27-28; 28, 

p. 71 ; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 43, 74

A P-07-SS-02 Chromium 617 mg/Kg 0.87 mg/Kg

18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, 

p. 72; 60, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 44, 74

A P-09-SS-02

Chromium 171 mg/Kg 0.77 mg/Kg 18, pp. 16, 27-28; 28, 

p. 72; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 

Lead 235 mg/Kg 0.77 mg/Kg 1, 45, 75

A P-09-SS-07 Chromium 569 mg/Kg 1.08 mg/Kg

18, pp. 16, 27-28; 28, 

p. 73; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 

1, 46, 75

A P-30-SS-02 Chromium 536 mg/Kg 0.82 mg/Kg

18, pp. 15, 27-28; 28, 

p. 83; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 

1, 63, 75

Area B:

B P-03-SS-05 Chromium 55.6 mg/Kg 1.06 mg/Kg

18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, 

p. 69; 60, p. 9; 72, pp. 

1, 35, 76

B P-05-SS-01 Chromium 261 mg/Kg 1.41 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, 

p. 70 ; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 38, 80

B P-05-SS-04 Chromium 258 mg/Kg 1.18 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, 

p.70; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 39, 80

B P-05-SS-05 Chromium 104 mg/Kg 1.07 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, 

p. 70; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 40, 80

B P-05-SS-06 Chromium 234 mg/Kg 1.28 mg/Kg

18, pp. 22, 27-28; 28, 

p. 70; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 41, 80

B P-17-SS-07A Chromium 857 mg/Kg 2.08 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, 

p. 78; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 

1, 47, 78
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 126 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 56 – Hazardous Substances Associated with Areas A, B, and C

Area

Sample

ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

B P-17-SS-07B Chromium 72.2 mg/Kg 1.26 mg/Kg

18, pp. 23, 27-28; 28, 

p. 78; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 

1, 48, 78

B P-18-SS-07 Chromium 2,020 mg/Kg 2.01 mg/Kg

18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, 

p. 79; 61, p. 8; 72, pp. 

1, 49, 81

B P-18-SS-08 Chromium 1,000 mg/Kg 1.74 mg/Kg

18, pp. 25, 27-28; 28, 

p. 79 ; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 

1, 50, 78

B P-18-SS-09 Chromium 270 mg/Kg 1.18 mg/Kg

18, pp. 25, 27-28; 28, 

p. 79; 53, p. 9; 72, pp. 

1, 51, 78

B P-19-SS-03

Chromium 45.0 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 18, pp. 19, 27-28; 28, 

p. 79; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 

Lead 359 mg/Kg 1.44 mg/Kg 1, 52, 80

B P-20-SS-01 Lead 326 mg/Kg 1.46 mg/Kg

18, pp. 18, 27-28; 28, 

p. 80; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 

1, 53, 80

B P-20-SS-04A

Chromium 64.5 mg/Kg 1.49 mg/Kg 18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, 

p. 80; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 

Lead 311 mg/Kg 1.49 mg/Kg 1, 54, 78

B P-31-SS-04A

Chromium 67.8 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, 

p. 83; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 

Lead 304 mg/Kg 1.60 mg/Kg 1, 64, 79

Area C:

C P-21-SS-03

Chromium 327 mg/Kg 1.35 mg/Kg 18, p. 20, 27-28; 28, p. 

80; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 1, 

Lead 300 mg/Kg 1.35 mg/Kg 55, 75

C P-21-SS-04

Chromium 799 mg/Kg 1.37 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, 

p. 80; 60, p. 8; 72, pp. 

Lead 236 mg/Kg 1.37 mg/Kg 1, 56, 75

C P-22-SS-07

Chromium 271 mg/Kg 2.19 mg/Kg 18, pp. 20, 27-28; 28, 

p. 81; 61, p. 7; 72, pp. 

Lead 267 mg/Kg 2.19 mg/Kg 1, 57, 80

C P-22-SS-09A Chromium 135 mg/Kg 1.45 mg/Kg

18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, 

p. 82; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 

1, 58, 79
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 127 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 56 – Hazardous Substances Associated with Areas A, B, and C

Area

Sample

ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

SampleAdjusted 

CRQL Reference

C P-22-SS-10A

Chromium 153 mg/Kg 1.63 mg/Kg 18, pp. 24, 27-28; 28, 

p. 82; 53, p. 10; 72, pp. 

Lead 554 mg/Kg 1.63 mg/Kg 1, 59, 79

C P-23-SS-02

Chromium 1,180 mg/Kg 1.14 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, 

p. 82 ; 60, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 330 mg/Kg 1.14 mg/Kg 1, 60, 75

C P-23-SS-06

Chromium 833 mg/Kg 0.97 mg/Kg 18, pp. 21, 27-28; 28, 

p. 82; 60, p. 9; 72, pp. 

Lead 232 mg/Kg 0.97 mg/Kg 1, 61, 75

CRQL = Contract Required Quantitation Limit mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram

Attribution

The operational history of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property as a chromium electroplating facility, as 

well as analytical sampling data that demonstrate the presence of the hazardous substances lead and 

chromium in source areas, establishes that lead and chromium are associated with the site. Chromium 

electroplating operations were conducted on the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property between 1940 and 

2007 [15, p. 2; 23, pp. 5-6]. In a 1983 Facility Annual Report submitted to the Commonwealth of 

Massachusetts, Walton & Lonsbury Inc. identified that “chrome sludge from plating process” was 

generated at a rate of 1,500 gallons a year [81, pp. 1, 7]. According to a chemical use inventory list 

included in a 1989 report prepared by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., hazardous chemicals 

used at the property included chromic acid [24, pp. 16-17, 77]. A 1989 Annual Report prepared by 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. identified the facility as a large quantity generator and on-site treatment, storage, 

or disposal facility generating “chrome plating rinse water” and “sludge” at a rate of 10,800 gallons per 

year [85, pp. 1-2, 10]. A 1991 Hazardous Waste Report submitted by Walton & Lonsbury Inc. to EPA 

identified on-site wastes generated including “corrosive chromic-acid-contaminated solid debris, from 

chrome-plating operation”; “chromic acid in water”; and “chromic-acid contaminated steel ductwork 

ventilation system for chrome-plating operation” [86, pp. 1, 3-4, 7]. File documentation indicates that in 

2007, 4,200 gallons of chromic acid solution were transported from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property

for disposal and/or treatment, and a 2008 hazardous waste manifest documents the transport of 4,010 

gallons of chromic acid from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property in Attleboro, MA [80, pp. 26, 28; 84]. 

Lead has also been identified as having been used in former operational processes on the property [15, pp. 

2-3]. The Walton & Lonsbury Inc. facility building contained a lead smelter and exhaust hood associated 

with the manufacture of plumbing components involved in the plating process [15, p. 3].

Through chemical analysis of source samples collected during the 2012 EPA SR, the hazardous 

substances chromium and lead have been documented to be associated with six sources, which each have 

a Containment Factor value of 10 for release via overland migration and/or flood (see the Source 

Characterization section for Source Nos. 1 through 6). The presence of chromium and lead at elevated 

concentrations in Source Nos. 1 through 6, and the documentation via chemical analysis of an observed 

release of these substances to Areas A, B, and C, support at least partial attribution of the hazardous 

substances to releases from the site [1, p. 51588, Section 2.2.2].

A review of available information was conducted to determine other potential sources of chromium and 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 128 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

lead contamination to the site. This review included a search of the Searchable Waste Site List/Site Files 

for MassDEP, and a review of the EPA CERCLIS and RCRA databases. The MassDEP database allows 

sites and reportable releases to be searched by various criteria, and allows users to retrieve a report once 

the associated data have been approved by MassDEP for public viewing. As part of the search for other 

nearby potential chromium and lead sources, the MassDEP database was queried for records for the 

“Town of Attleboro”. A total of 309 spill records were identified based on this criterion (“Town of 

Attleboro”) [102, pp. 1-7]. The search was further refined to include reportable releases within 1⁄2-mile of 

the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property. The search yielded 25 records of reportable releases on the 

following streets: Walton Street, Deanville Road, Holden Street, Newcomb Street, Water Street, West 

Street, Townhouse Road, and North Avenue. The majority (14 records) listed “oil” as the chemical type; 

six records listed “hazardous material” as the chemical type; one record listed “oil and hazardous 

material” as the chemical type; and four records did not list the chemical type. Three of these releases are 

associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [102, pp. 1-3]. A review of the online 

documentation of the remaining incidents involving oil and hazardous materials or undefined 

contaminants (excluding releases from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property) indicated that none of the 

incidents involved or identified the presence of chromium or lead above background levels [93, pp. 35-

40; 94, pp. 39-40; 95, p. 37; 96, pp. 23-25; 97, p. 16; 98, pp. 3-6; 99, p. 6; 100, p. 10; 101, pp. 28-29; 116, 

p. 1; 117, pp. 13-16, 226, 231-232; 118, p. 1; 119, p. 11].

A review of the EPA CERCLIS and RCRA databases identified eight CERCLIS and 188 RCRA sites in 

Attleboro, MA, including Walton & Lonsbury Inc. [104, pp. 1-2; 105, pp. 1-73]. The seven remaining 

sites identified in the CERCLIS database search (other than Walton & Lonsbury Inc.) were all located 

downstream or south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, and two of the facilities were located 

greater than 4 miles from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [11; 106, pp. 1-4]. The RCRA database 

search was further refined to include only NAIC Code 332813 (electroplating). The search identified 

seven electroplating facilities, including the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [106, pp. 1-4]. The 

remaining six facilities identified in the RCRA database search were located downstream or south of the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [11; 106, pp. 1-4].

Previous reports prepared by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., indicated that stormwater 

runoff/overland flow from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property historically flowed toward the wetland 

located south of the property, and RCA identified surface water run-off as a potential source of chromium 

contamination to the wetland [11, p. 2; 17, p. 8-9, 11; 23, p. 47; 24, pp. 11, 13, 19; 25, p. 32]. Based on 

on-site observations made during 2012 EPA SR sampling activities, surface water runoff currently flows 

off the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property in a southeasterly direction toward a low-lying area of open 

water at PPE No. 2 [18, p. 29; 103, p. 4]. From PPE No. 2, surface water flows from the area of open 

water to the wetland area south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [19, p. 2, 6; 28, p. 10; 103, p. 2]. 

A Surface Impoundment Source (Source No. 3), located within the wetlands south of the Walton & 

Lonsbury Inc. property, has been evaluated and documented to contain chromium and lead (see Source 

No. 3 Characterization). In addition, 8.5 acres of wetlands with 0.811 miles of wetland frontage, located 

south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property and adjacent to and upgradient of Area A, have been 

evaluated and documented to have been impacted by an observed release of chromium and lead (see 

Surface Water Migration Pathway). Based on analytical sampling results, on-site observations, and 

documentation provided by the City of Attleboro, MA Department of Public Works, Source No. 3 

exhibits evidence of hazardous substance migration and a lack of maintained diking (see the Hazardous 

Substances Available to Pathway section of Source No. 3) [18, pp. 25, 27-28; 21; 28, pp. 37, 65; 32, p. 

11; 53, pp. 1, 12].

Based on site topography and on-site observations, the low-lying areas along the western portions of 

residential properties along North Avenue, within Area A, are subject to surface water flooding from the 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 129 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

contaminated wetlands south of the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property [11; 18, pp. 15-16, 23; 19, pp. 2, 6; 

109, pp. 1, 5]. Drainage problems have been documented for surface water within the wetlands south of 

the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property, because the drainage culvert, which extends south-southeast from 

the wetlands through piping underneath Deanville Road, is damaged and partially blocked [16, p. 8; 21]. 

Low-lying areas in the northern portions of multiple properties along the southern side of Deanville Road, 

including residential properties along Area A, have been documented to be subject to flooding from 

surface water flowing across Deanville Road from the wetland [18, pp. 16, 28; 21].

Investigations conducted by RCA, on behalf of Walton & Lonsbury Inc., have identified a dissolved 

chromium ground water plume associated with the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property; and have identified 

ground water-to-surface-water transport as an active mechanism for contaminant transport from the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property to residential properties along Paulette Lane, and to Bliss Brook and 

downstream freshwater surface water bodies [23, pp. 44, 47, 69-70]. Analytical results of samples 

collected during previous investigations documented elevated concentrations of chromium and hexavalent 

chromium in pooled surface water and shallow ground water at residential properties along Paulette Lane, 

as well as associated lead and chromium contamination in soils at residential properties along Paulette 

Lane (see the Site Summary section for a more detailed discussion) [16, pp. 9-10; 23, pp. 37, 95; 29, pp. 

15, 38-39, 52]. In addition, numerous investigations, including the 2001 RCA Phase IIC investigation, the 

2005 EPA Site Inspection, the 2011 MassDEP surface water sampling event, and the 2012 EPA SR, have 

identified impacts to surface water and sediments along Bliss Brook associated with ground water-tosurface water contaminant release from the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property (see the Source 

Identification section of Source No. 5 for a more detailed discussion). 

Areas B and C are located downgradient of the PPE for ground water-to-surface water release from the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property. Based on site topography, flood zone data, an interview with a 

property owner, and on-site observations, the low-lying areas of residential properties along Area B, 

adjacent to Bliss Brook, are known or suspected to be subject to surface water flooding from Bliss Brook 

[18, pp. 17-19, 22-25; 109, pp. 1-2, 5]. Based on site topography, flood zone data, and on-site 

observations, the low-lying areas of residential properties along Area C, adjacent to Bliss Brook, are also

inferred to be subject to surface water flooding from Bliss Brook [18, pp. 20-21, 24; 109, pp. 1-2, 5]. 

Area Hazardous Waste Quantity

The Hazardous Waste Quantity of Areas A, B, and C were calculated based on the Area Assigned Value 

of contaminated soil. The Hazardous Constituent Quantity and Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Values 

were not evaluated for Areas A, B, and C because insufficient information was available, as described in 

the sections below [1, p. 51647, Table 5-2]. An area of “contaminated soil” cannot be evaluated for 

Hazardous Waste Quantity for the Soil Exposure Pathway based on its volume [1, p. 51647, Table 5-2].

- Hazardous Constituent Quantity:

Description

The Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Areas A, B, and C could not be adequately determined according 

to the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the areas of 

observed contamination is not known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence [1, pp. 51590-

51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.1)]. Insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, 

permits, waste concentration data, etc.) are available to adequately calculate the total mass of all 

CERCLA hazardous substances in the areas of observed contamination. Therefore, there is insufficient 

information to calculate the Hazardous Constituent Quantity for Areas A, B, and C with reasonable 

confidence.
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 130 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 57 - Hazardous Constituent Quantities for Areas A, B, and C

Hazardous Substance Constituent Quantity (pounds) References

NS (Insufficient Information)

NS = Not Scored.

Sum (pounds): 

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: Not Evaluated 

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Complete? No

- Hazardous Wastestream Quantity:

Description

The Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Areas A, B, and C could not be adequately determined 

according to the HRS Rule requirements; that is, the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and 

CERCLA pollutants and contaminants in the areas of observed contamination is not known and cannot be 

estimated with reasonable confidence [1, p. 51591 (Section 2.4.2.1.2)]. Insufficient historical and current 

data (manifests, PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, annual reports, etc.) are 

available to adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants 

and contaminants for the areas of observed contamination. Therefore, there is insufficient information to 

adequately calculate or extrapolate the Hazardous Wastestream Quantity for Areas A, B, and C with 

reasonable confidence.

Table 58 - Hazardous Wastestream Quantities for Areas A, B, and C

Hazardous Wastestream Wastestream Quantity (pounds) References

NS (Insufficient Information)

NS = Not Scored.

Sum (pounds): 

Wastestream Quantity/5,000 (Ref. 1, Table 5-2):

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: Not Evaluated 

- Volume:

Description

Since volume measurement of Areas A, B, and C are not applicable for the Soil Exposure Pathway, a 

value of 0 is assigned [1, pp. 51591, Section 2.4.2.1.3, 51647, Section 5.1.2.2, Table 5-2].
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 131 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 59 – Volume for Areas A, B, and C

Source Type

Description

(# drums or dimensions)

Units

(yd3

/gal) References

NS (Insufficient Information)

Sum (yd3

/gal): 

Equation for Assigning Value (Ref. 1, Table 5-2):

Volume Assigned Value: 0 

- Area:

Description

Area A:

The area of Area A (11,980.80 ft2

) includes the sampling locations which document observed 

contamination with chromium and lead, and the areas lying between these locations, with the exception of 

areas which are covered with maintained asphalt road and permanent water cover (including wetlands) [1, 

p. 51646, Section 5.0.1; 28, pp. 67, 69-73, 83; 53, p. 9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1-2, 9-10; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 

37, 42 - 46, 63, 74, 75, 78]. The area lying between contaminated Area A surface soil/source sample 

locations is inferred to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of contaminant transport (flooding). 

All of the Area A surface soil/source sample locations and the entirety of the area of inferred 

contamination lying between these locations are within an area of the same topographical elevation [109, 

pp. 1, 5]. In addition, Area A surface soil/source sample locations west of North Avenue and north of 

Deanville Road, and the areas of inferred contamination lying between these locations, are adjacent to a 

wetland and within the same topographical elevation [109, pp. 1, 5]. Recent on-site observations and 

documentation have indicated that surface water occasionally floods from the wetland to the south across 

Deanville Road due to drainage problems within the wetland [18, p. 28; 21]. The area of inferred 

contamination between contaminated Area A surface soil/source sample locations on properties south of 

Deanville Road is presumed to be contaminated due to the area topography, observed flooding in nearby 

areas, and an interview with a property owner [18, p. 16, 28; 109, pp. 1, 5]. 

The area of Area A subject to observed contamination was determined by measuring the area between six 

surface soil sample locations [P-01-SS-02B, P-01-SS-03B, P-04-SS-06, P-06-SS-02, P-07-SS-02/P-30-

SS-02 (field duplicate), and P-09-SS-07], recorded with a GPS unit, using GIS software [71, pp. 1-2, 9-

10]. The total area between contaminated surface soil sample locations, including areas covered with 

maintained asphalt road and permanent water cover, was determined to be 22,950.46 ft2 [71, p. 2]. Areas 

which are covered by permanent or otherwise maintained, essentially impermeable cover must be 

excluded in evaluating the Soil Exposure Pathway [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1]. The area covered with 

maintained asphalt road and permanent water cover (including wetlands) was determined to be 10,969.66

ft2 based on on-site observations, wetland delineation activities, and an interpretation of aerial imagery 

using GIS software [71, pp. 1-2, 9-10]. Area A therefore comprises 11,980.80 ft2 of contaminated soil

(22,950.46 ft2 - 10,969.66 ft2 = 11,980.80 ft2

), which meets the criteria for observed contamination, where 

hazardous waste generated from plating operations conducted on the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property 

has been disposed of or has come to be located [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1; 71, pp. 1-2, 9-10].
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 132 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Area B:

The area of Area B (11,756.69 ft2

) includes the sampling locations which document observed 

contamination with chromium and lead, and the areas lying between these locations, with the exception of 

areas which are covered with a shed and a pool and permanent water cover (including wetlands) [1, p. 

51646, Section 5.0.1; 28, pp. 69, 70, 78 - 80, 83; 53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1, 3, 11-13; 

72, pp. 35, 38 - 41, 47 - 54, 64, 76, 78 - 81]. The area lying between contaminated Area B surface soil 

sample locations is inferred to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of contaminant transport 

(flooding). All of the Area B surface soil sample locations and the entirety of the area of inferred

contamination lying between these locations are within an area of the same topographical elevation [109, 

pp. 1-2, 5]. In addition, Area B surface soil sample locations and the areas of inferred contamination lying 

between these locations are within or in close proximity to the 100-year flood plain, and adjacent to 

wetland areas and/or Bliss Brook [109, pp. 1-2, 5]. Based on on-site observations and an interview with a 

resident, the low-lying areas of residential properties along Area B, adjacent to Bliss Brook, are known or 

suspected to be subject to surface water flooding from Bliss Brook [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25]. Interviews with 

a resident at one property along Area B revealed that Bliss Brook would routinely flood the lawn on his 

and adjacent properties [18, pp. 18-19]. Therefore, based on area topography, on-site observations, 

interviews, and flood plain data, the areas of inferred contamination lying between contaminated Area B 

surface soil sample locations are presumed to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of 

contaminant transport (flooding) [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25; 109, pp. 1-2, 5].

The area of Area B subject to observed contamination was determined by measuring the area between 10 

surface soil sample locations [P-03-SS-05, P-05-SS-06, P-05-SS-05, P-20-SS-04A/P-31-SS-04A (field 

duplicate), P-20-SS-01, P-19-SS-03, P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, P-24-SS-04, and P-17-SS-07A/B], 

recorded with a GPS unit, using GIS software [71, pp. 1, 3, 11-13]. The total area between contaminated 

surface soil sample locations, including areas covered with a shed and a pool and permanent water cover,

was determined to be 50,118.57 ft2 [71, pp. 1, 3, 11-13]. Areas which are covered by permanent or 

otherwise maintained, essentially impermeable cover must be excluded in evaluating the Soil Exposure 

Pathway [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1]. The area covered with a shed and pool and permanent water cover 

(including wetlands) was determined to be 38,361.88 ft2 based on on-site observations, wetland 

delineation activities, and an interpretation of aerial imagery using GIS software [71, pp. 1, 3, 11-13]. 

Area B therefore comprises 11,756.69 ft2 of contaminated soil (50,118.57 ft2 - 38,361.88 ft2 = 11,756.69

ft2

), which meets the criteria for observed contamination, where hazardous waste generated from plating 

operations conducted on the Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property has been disposed of or has come to be 

located [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1; 71, pp. 1, 3, 11-13].

Area C:

The area of Area C (4,350.89 ft2

) includes the sampling locations which document observed 

contamination with chromium and lead, and the areas lying between these locations, with the exception of 

areas which are covered with permanent water cover (including wetlands) [1, p. 51646, Section 5.0.1; 28, 

pp. 80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 71, pp. 1, 3-4, 14; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 80]. The area lying 

between contaminated Area C surface soil sample locations is inferred to be contaminated due to the 

likely mechanism of contaminant transport (flooding). All of the Area C surface soil sample locations and 

the entirety of the area of inferred contamination lying between these locations are within an area of the 

same topographical elevation [109, pp. 1-2, 5]. In addition, Area C surface soil sample locations and the 

areas of inferred contamination lying between these locations are within or in close proximity to the 100-

year flood plain, and adjacent to wetland areas and/or Bliss Brook [109, pp. 1-2, 5]. Therefore, based on 

area topography and flood plain data, the areas of inferred contamination lying between Area C surface 

soil sample locations are presumed to be contaminated due to the likely mechanism of contaminant 

transport (flooding) [18, pp. 17-19, 22-25; 109, pp. 1-2, 5].
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 133 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

The area of Area C subject to observed contamination was determined by measuring the area between 

five surface soil sample locations [P-23-SS-06, P-23-SS-02, P-22-SS-09A, P-22-SS-10A, and P-22-SS07], recorded with a GPS unit, using GIS software [71, pp. 1, 3-4, 14]. The total area between 

contaminated surface soil sample locations, including areas covered with permanent water cover

(including wetlands), was determined to be 10,536.43 ft2 [71, pp. 1, 3-4, 14]. Areas which are covered by 

permanent, essentially impermeable cover must be excluded in evaluating the Soil Exposure Pathway [1, 

p. 51646, Section 5.0.1]. The area covered with permanent water cover (including wetlands) was 

determined to be 6,185.54 ft2 based on on-site observations, wetland delineation activities, and an 

interpretation of aerial imagery using GIS software [71, pp. 1, 3-4, 14]. Area C therefore comprises 

4,350.89 ft2 of contaminated soil (10,536.43 ft2 - 6,185.54 ft2 = 4,350.89 ft2

), which meets the criteria for 

observed contamination, where hazardous waste generated from plating operations conducted on the 

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. property has been disposed of or has come to be located [1, p. 51646, Section 

5.0.1; 71, pp. 1, 3-4, 14].

Table 60 - Area

Area Source Type Units (ft2) References

A Contaminated Soil 11,980.80

28, pp. 67, 69-73, 83; 53, p. 

9; 60, pp. 7, 8; 71, pp. 1-2, 9-

10; 72, pp. 33, 34, 36, 37, 42 

- 46, 63, 74, 75, 78

B Contaminated Soil 11,756.69

28, pp. 69, 70, 78 - 80, 83; 

53, pp. 9, 10; 60, p. 9; 61, pp. 

7, 8; 71, pp. 1, 3, 11-13; 72, 

pp. 35, 38 - 41, 47 - 54, 64, 

76, 78 - 81

C Contaminated Soil 4,350.89

28, pp. 80-82; 53, p. 10; 60, 

pp. 8, 9; 61, p. 7; 71, pp. 1, 3-

4, 14; 72, pp. 55-61, 75, 79, 

80

ft2 = Square feet.

Sum (ft2

): 11,980.80 ft2 

Equation for Assigning Value (Ref. 1, Table 5-2): Area ÷ 34,000

Area A Assigned Value: 0.352 

Sum (ft2

): 11,756.69 ft2 

Equation for Assigning Value (Ref. 1, Table 5-2): Area ÷ 34,000

Area B Assigned Value: 0.345

Sum (ft2

): 4,350.89 ft2 

Equation for Assigning Value (Ref. 1, Table 5-2): Area ÷ 34,000

Area C Assigned Value: 0.128 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 134 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Area Hazardous Waste Quantity Value:

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Value for Areas A, B, and C were assigned based on the Area Assigned

Values for Area A (0.352), Area B (0.345), and Area C (0.128) [1, p. 51591, Section 2.4.2.1.5, p. 51646, 

Section 5.0.1, 51647, Table 5-2]. Although potentially available to the Soil Exposure Pathway, additional 

areas of observed contamination associated with Source Nos. 1 and 2 were not evaluated as part of this 

HRS documentation record. Inclusion of these areas would potentially increase the Hazardous Waste 

Quantity Factor Value for the Soil Exposure Pathway.

5.1 RESIDENT POPULATION THREAT

5.1.1 LIKELIHOOD OF EXPOSURE

Three areas of observed contamination (Areas A, B, and C) are located within 200 feet of residences; 

therefore a Resident Population Threat Likelihood of Exposure Factor Category Value of 550 is assigned 

[1, p. 51646, Section 5.1.1].

Table 61 - Resident Population Threat Likelihood of Exposure Factor

Area Sample ID

Distance of Population/Resource from Area of 

Observed Contamination References

Area A:

A P-01-SS-02B

Surface soil sample P-01-SS-02B was collected 108 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 190A).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 67; 

92, pp. 1-3

A P-01-SS-03B

Surface soil sample P-01-SS-03B was collected 115 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 190A).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 67; 

92, pp. 1-3

A P-04-SS-03

Surface soil sample P-04-SS-03 was collected 68 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 225).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 69; 

92, pp. 1-3

A P-04-SS-06

Surface soil sample P-04-SS-06 was collected 48 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 225).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 70; 

92, pp. 1-3

A P-06-SS-02

Surface soil sample P-06-SS-02 was collected 24 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 220).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 71; 

92, pp. 1-2, 4

A P-06-SS-03

Surface soil sample P-06-SS-03 was collected 20 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 59, 

Lot No. 220).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 71; 

92, pp. 1-2, 4

A

P-07-SS-02/ 

P-30-SS-02

Surface soil sample P-07-SS-02/P-30-SS-02 was 

collected 61 feet from the residence located on the 

property (Map No. 49, Lot No. 113).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 72, 

83; 92, pp. 1-2, 4

A P-09-SS-02

Surface soil sample P-09-SS-02 was collected 53 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 114B).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 72; 

92, pp. 1-2, 4
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 135 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 61 - Resident Population Threat Likelihood of Exposure Factor

Area Sample ID

Distance of Population/Resource from Area of 

Observed Contamination References

A P-09-SS-07

Surface soil sample P-09-SS-07 was collected 9 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 114B).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 73; 

92, pp. 1-2, 4

Area B:

B P-03-SS-05

Surface soil sample P-03-SS-05 was collected 148 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 112).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 69; 

92, pp. 1-2, 5

B P-05-SS-01

Surface soil sample P-05-SS-01 was collected 109 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 109).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 70; 

92, pp. 1-2, 6

B P-05-SS-04

Surface soil sample P-05-SS-04 was collected 82 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 109).

18, p. 14; 28, p.70; 

92, pp. 1-2, 6

B P-05-SS-05

Surface soil sample P-05-SS-05 was collected 43 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 109).

18, p. 14; 28, p.70; 

92, pp. 1-2, 6

B P-05-SS-06

Surface soil sample P-05-SS-06 was collected 28 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 110).

18, p. 14; 28, p.70; 

92, pp. 1-2, 5

B P-17-SS-07A

Surface soil sample P-17-SS-07A was collected 115 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 94).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 78; 

92, pp. 1-2, 6

B P-17-SS-07B

Surface soil sample P-17-SS-07B was collected 115 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 94).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 78; 

92, pp. 1-2, 6

B P-18-SS-07

Surface soil sample P-18-SS-07 was collected 64 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 96).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 79; 

92, pp. 1-2, 7

B P-18-SS-08

Surface soil sample P-18-SS-08 was collected 57 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 96).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 79; 

92, pp. 1-2, 7

B P-18-SS-09

Surface soil sample P-18-SS-09 was collected 56 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 96).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 79; 

92, pp. 1-2, 7

B P-19-SS-03

Surface soil sample P-19-SS-03 was collected 102 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 97A).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 79; 

92, pp. 1-2, 7

B P-20-SS-01

Surface soil sample P-20-SS-01 was collected 166 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 97).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 80; 

92, pp. 1-2, 7

B

P-20-SS-04A/ 

P-31-SS-04A

Surface soil sample P-20-SS-04A/P-31-SS-04A was 

collected 173 feet from the residence located on the 

property (Map No. 49, Lot No. 97).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 80; 

92, pp. 1-2, 7
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 136 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Table 61 - Resident Population Threat Likelihood of Exposure Factor

Area Sample ID

Distance of Population/Resource from Area of 

Observed Contamination References

B P-24-SS-04

Surface soil sample P-24-SS-04 was collected 49 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 95).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 83; 

92, pp. 1-2, 7

Area C:

C P-21-SS-03

Surface soil sample P-21-SS-03 was collected 103 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 125).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 80; 

92, pp. 1-2, 8

C P-21-SS-04

Surface soil sample P-21-SS-04 was collected 123 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 125).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 80; 

92, pp. 1-2, 8

C P-22-SS-07

Surface soil sample P-22-SS-07 was collected 182 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 126).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 81; 

92, pp. 1-2, 8

C P-22-SS-09A

Surface soil sample P-22-SS-09A was collected 200 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 126).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 82; 

92, pp. 1-2, 8

C P-22-SS-10A

Surface soil sample P-22-SS-10A was collected 174 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 126).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 82; 

92, pp. 1-2, 8

C P-23-SS-02

Surface soil sample P-23-SS-02 was collected 93 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 124).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 82; 

92, pp. 1-2, 8

C P-23-SS-06

Surface soil sample P-23-SS-06 was collected 20 feet 

from the residence located on the property (Map No. 49, 

Lot No. 124).

18, p. 14; 28, p. 82; 

92, pp. 1-2, 8

Resident Population Threat Likelihood of Exposure Factor Category Value: 550 

5.1.2 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

5.1.2.1 Toxicity

Table 62 – Toxicity Factor

Hazardous Substance Toxicity Factor Value References

Chromium 10,000 2, p. BI-3

Lead 10,000 2, p. BI-8

The hazardous substance with the highest toxicity is used to assign the value to the Toxicity Factor for the 

Residential Population Threat [1, p. 51646, Section 5.1.2.1]. For this HRS documentation record, the 
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 137 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

toxicity factor for chromium (10,000) is applied [2, p. BII-20]. The toxicity value for lead is also 10,000; 

however, no hazardous substance benchmark for lead is listed in SCDM for the soil pathway [2, p. BII20].

Toxicity Factor Value: 10,000 

5.1.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

The Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value was assigned as specified in Sections 2.4.2 and 5.1.2.2, 

based on the Area Factor Value for Areas A, B, and C.

Table 63 - Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor

Area Letter Source Type Area Hazardous Waste Quantity

A Contaminated Soil 0.352

B Contaminated Soil 0.345

C Contaminated Soil 0.128

Sum of Values: 0.825

Based on HRS Section 2.4.2.2, if the Hazardous Constituent Quantity is not adequately determined for 

one or more areas and if any target for the Soil Exposure Pathway is subject to Level I or Level II 

concentrations, a factor value is assigned from Table 2-6 or a value of 10, whichever is greater, as the 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value for that pathway [1, pp. 51591, 51592, Section 2.4.2.2].

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value (1, p. 51591, Table 2-6): 10 

5.1.2.3 Calculation of Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value

The Toxicity Factor Value for chromium (10,000) is multiplied by the Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor 

Value for the site (10) in order to determine the Waste Characteristics Product, subject to a maximum 

value of 1 × 108 [1, p. 51592, Section 2.4.3.1]. 10,000 × 10 = 1 × 105

Toxicity Factor Value: 10,000

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 10

Toxicity Factor Value × Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 1 × 105

From HRS Table 2-7, a Waste Characteristics Product of 1 × 105 is assigned a Waste Characteristics 

Factor Category Value of 18 [1, p. 51592, Section 2.4.3.1].

Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value (1, p. 51592, Table 2-7): 18
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 138 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

5.1.3 TARGETS

Level I Concentrations

Sample ID: P-04-SS-06

Area Letter: A

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 15; 60, p. 7; 72, p. 37

Table 64 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 253 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-07-SS-02

Area Letter: A

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 15; 60, p. 7; 72, p. 44

Table 65 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 617 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-09-SS-07

Area Letter: A

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 16; 60, p. 8; 72, p. 46

Table 66 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 569 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 139 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Sample ID: P-30-SS-02 (field duplicate of P-07-SS-02)

Area Letter: A

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 15; 60, p. 8; 72, p. 63

Table 67 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 536 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-05-SS-01

Area Letter: B

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 22; 61, p. 7; 72, p. 38

Table 68 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 261 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-05-SS-04

Area Letter: B

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 22; 61, p. 7; 72, p. 39

Table 69 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 258 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 140 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Sample ID: P-05-SS-06

Area Letter: B

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 22; 61, p. 7; 72, p. 41

Table 70 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 234 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-17-SS-07A

Area Letter: B

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 23; 53, p. 9; 72, p. 47

Table 71 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 857 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-18-SS-07

Area Letter: B

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 18; 61, p. 8; 72, p. 49

Table 72 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 2,020 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 141 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Sample ID: P-18-SS-08

Area Letter: B

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 25; 53, p. 9; 72, p. 50

Table 73 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 1,000 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-18-SS-09

Area Letter: B

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 25; 53, p. 9; 72, p. 51

Table 74 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 270 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-21-SS-03

Area Letter: C

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 20; 60, p. 8; 72, p. 55

Table 75 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 327 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 142 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Sample ID: P-21-SS-04

Area Letter: C

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 20; 60, p. 8; 72, p. 56

Table 76 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 799 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-22-SS-07

Area Letter: C

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 20; 61, p. 7; 72, p. 57 

Table 77 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 271 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

Sample ID: P-23-SS-02

Area Letter: C

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 21, 60, p. 9; 72, p. 60

Table 78 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 1,180 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 143 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Sample ID: P-23-SS-06

Area Letter: C

Reference for Benchmark: 2, BII-15

Reference for Hazardous Substance Concentration: 18, p. 21; 60, p. 9; 72, p. 61

Table 79 – Hazardous Substance Benchmark Concentrations

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous Substance 

Concentration (units)

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark

Chromium 833 mg/Kg 230 mg/Kg Reference Dose

mg/Kg = Milligrams per Kilogram.

5.1.3.1 Resident Individual

On-site residences are located within 200 feet of 16 surface soil samples (P-04-SS-06, P-07-SS-02, P-09-

SS-07, P-30-SS-02, P-05-SS-01, P-05-SS-04, P-05-SS-06, P-17-SS-07A, P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, P-18-

SS-09, P-21-SS-03, P-21-SS-04, P-22-SS-07, P-23-SS-02, and P-23-SS-06) with concentrations of 

chromium exceeding 100% of the reference dose for chromium (230 mg/Kg), within areas of observed 

contamination; therefore, Level I resident individuals are documented [1, p. 51647, Section 5.1.3; 2, BII15; 28, pp. 67, 69-73, 78-83; 53, pp. 9-10; 60, pp. 7-9; 61, pp. 7-8; 72, pp. 33-61, 64, 74-76, 78-81]. A 

resident individual is subject to Level I concentrations; therefore, a Resident Individual Factor Value of 

50 is assigned [1, p. 51647, Section 5.1.3.1].

Area Letters: A, B, and C

Level of Contamination (Level I/Level II): Level I

Reference: 2, BII-15; 28, pp. 67, 69-73, 78-83; 53, pp. 9-10; 60, pp. 7-9; 61, pp. 7-8; 72, pp. 33-61, 64, 

74-76, 78-81 

Resident Individual Factor Value: 50 

5.1.3.2 Resident Population

5.1.3.2.1 Level I Concentrations

Level I Resident Population Targets

Area A:

The population of the one residence located at the property designated as “P-04” (with sample P-04-SS06), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 59, as Lot No. 225, was obtained by 

interviews conducted by a MassDEP representative [18, pp. 13-14; 110, pp. 1-2]. Based on 

documentation provided by MassDEP, two residents occupy the residence at this property, which is 

located within 200 feet of sample P-04-SS-06 [92, pp. 1-3; 110, pp. 1-2].

The population of the one residence located at the property designated as “P-07” (with samples P-07-SS02 and field duplicate P-30-SS-02), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot 

No. 113, was obtained by interviews conducted by a MassDEP representative [18, pp. 13-14; 110, pp. 1-
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 144 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

2]. Based on documentation provided by MassDEP, two residents occupy the residence at this property, 

which is located within 200 feet of samples P-07-SS-02 and P-30-SS-02 [92, pp. 1-2, 4; 110, pp. 1-2].

The population of the one residence located at the property designated as “P-09” (with sample P-09-SS07), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot No. 114B, was obtained by 

interviews conducted by WESTON START personnel as part of the EPA SR [18, pp. 13-14, 17-18]. 

Based on documentation provided by WESTON START, four residents occupy the residence at this 

property, which is located within 200 feet of sample P-09-SS-07 [18, pp. 17-18; 92, pp. 1-2, 4].

Area B:

The population of the one residence located at the property designated as “P-05” (with samples P-05-SS01, P-05-SS-04, and P-05-SS-06), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot 

No. 109, was provided by the Executive Director of Attleboro Housing Authority [18, pp. 13-14; 111, pp. 

1-2]. Based on documentation provided by the Executive Director of Attleboro Housing Authority, 75 

residents occupy the residence at this property, which is located within 200 feet of samples P-05-SS-01, 

P-05-SS-04, and P-05-SS-06 [92, pp. 1-2, 5-6; 111, pp. 1-2].

The population of the one residence located at the property designated as “P-17” (with sample P-17-SS07A), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot No. 94, was obtained by 

interviews conducted by WESTON START personnel as part of the EPA SR, and confirmed by 

MassDEP [18, pp. 13-14, 18; 110, pp. 1-2]. Based on information obtained by interviews conducted by 

WESTON START and MassDEP personnel, one resident occupies the residence at this property, which is 

located within 200 feet of sample P-17-SS-07A [18, p. 18; 92, pp. 1-2, 6; 110, pp. 1-2].

The population of the one residence located at the property designated as “P-18” (with samples P-18-SS07, P-18-SS-08 and P-18-SS-09), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot 

No. 96, was obtained by interviews conducted by WESTON START personnel as part of the EPA SR, 

and confirmed by MassDEP [18, pp. 13-14, 18; 110, pp. 1-2]. Based on information obtained by 

interviews conducted by WESTON START and MassDEP personnel, two residents occupy the residence 

at this property, which is located within 200 feet of samples P-18-SS-07, P-18-SS-08, and P-18-SS-09 

[18, p. 18; 92, pp. 1-2, 7; 110, pp. 1-2].

Area C:

The population of the one residence located at the property designated as “P-21” (with samples P-21-SS03 and P-21-SS-04), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot No. 125, was 

obtained by interviews conducted by a MassDEP representative [18, pp. 13-14; 110, pp. 1-2]. Based on 

documentation provided by MassDEP, two residents occupy the residence at this property, which is 

located within 200 feet of samples P-21-SS-03 and P-21-SS-04 [92, pp. 1-2, 8; 110, pp. 1-2].

The population of the two adjoined residences located at the property designated as “P-22” (with sample 

P-22-SS-07), identified on the City of Attleboro Tax Assessor’s Map No. 49, as Lot No. 126, was 

obtained by interviews conducted by a MassDEP representative [18, pp. 13-14; 110, pp. 1-2]. Based on 

documentation provided by MassDEP, four residents occupy the two residences at this property, which is 

located within 200 feet of sample P-22-SS-07 [110, pp. 1-2]. However, based on interviews conducted by 

WESTON START personnel as part of the EPA SR, six residents were determined to occupy the 

residences at property P-22 (Map No. 49, Lot No. 126) [18, pp. 13-14, 19]. For the purposes of this HRS 

documentation record, four residents are presented as an estimated population residing on property P-22 

(Map No. 49, Lot No. 126), based on interviews conducted by MassDEP [18, pp. 13-14; 92, pp. 1-2, 8; 

110, pp. 1-2].
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 145 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Based on field observations made by WESTON START personnel, two condominium units within 200 

feet of sample P-23-SS-02, and four condominium units within 200 feet of sample P-23-SS-06, were 

identified as inhabited [112, pp.1-2]. No information regarding the exact number of residents living 

within these condominium units was available; therefore, one resident per occupied condominium unit is 

assumed for the property designated as “P-23”.

Table 80 – Level I Concentration Factor

Area 

Letter Sample ID*

Number of 

Residences

Total No.

of Residents References

A P-04-SS-06 1 2 18, pp. 13-14; ; 110, pp. 1-2

A P-07-SS-02/ 

P-30-SS-02 1 2 18, pp. 13-14; 110, pp. 1-2

A P-09-SS-07 1 4

18, pp. 13-14, 17-18; 110, pp. 

1-2

B

P-05-SS-01

1 75

18, pp. 13-14, 22; 111, pp. 1-

2

P-05-SS-04

P-05-SS-06

B P-17-SS-07A 1 1 18, pp. 13-14, 18; 110, pp. 1-

2

B

P-18-SS-07

1 2

18, pp. 13-14, 18; 110, pp. 1-

2

P-18-SS-08

P-18-SS-09

C

P-21-SS-03

1 2

18, pp. 13-14; 110, pp. 1-2

P-21-SS-04

C P-22-SS-07 2 4 18, pp. 13-14, 20; 110, pp. 1-

2

C P-23-SS-02 2 2 18, pp. 13-14, 21; 110, pp. 1-

2; 112, pp.1-2

C P-23-SS-06 4 4 18, pp. 13-14, 21; 28, p. 82; 

112, pp.1-2

NA = Not Applicable.

* = Property designations (e.g., “P-01”, “P-02”, etc.) were assigned during the 2012 EPA SR, and are 

associated with the corresponding identifiers for soil samples collected from each property (e.g., P-01-SS-

##, P-02-SS-##, etc.) [18, pp. 13-14]. The corresponding residential addresses associated with each 

property designation are provided in available reference documentation [18, p. 13].

Sum of individuals subject to Level I concentrations: 98

Sum of individuals subject to Level I concentrations x 10: 980
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 146 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 980

5.1.3.2.2 Level II Concentrations

NS = Not Scored.

Level II Resident Population Targets

NS = Not Scored.

Sum of individuals subject to Level II concentrations: 0

Level II Concentrations Factor Value: 0

5.1.3.3 Workers

No workers were identified for the properties encompassed by Areas A, B, and C. 

Table 81 – Workers

Area Letter Number of Workers References

NS

NS = Not Scored.

Total workers: 0

Workers Factor Value (Ref. 1, Table 5-4): 0

5.1.3.4 Resources

Description of Resource(s): None

Available information does not document that any resources, as defined under HRS Section 5.1.3.4, are 

present within the areas of observed contamination (Areas A, B, and C). Therefore, a Resource Value of 

0 is assigned [1, p. 51647, Section 5.1.3.4]. 

Resources Factor Value: 0
Soil Exposure 

Resident Population Threat

Walton & Lonsbury Inc. 147 HRS Documentation Record

MAD0011977555 September 2012

5.1.3.5 Terrestrial Sensitive Environments

Available information does not document that any terrestrial sensitive environments, as defined by HRS 

Section 5.1.3.5, Table 5-5, are located within Areas A, B, and C [1, pp. 51647, 51648].

Table 82 – Terrestrial Sensitive Environments Factor

Area 

Letter

Terrestrial

Sensitive Environment

Assigned Value

(Ref. 1, Table 5-5) References

A None 0 1, pp. 51647, 51648

B None 0 1, pp. 51647, 51648

C None 0 1, pp. 51647, 51648

The Terrestrial Sensitive Environments Value is assigned by multiplying the Residential Population 

Likelihood of Exposure Value (550), the Waste Characteristics Value (10), and the Terrestrial Sensitive 

Environments rating Value (0), and dividing by 82,500 [1, p. 51647, Section 5.1.3.5].

Likelihood of exposure factor category value (LE): 550

Waste characteristics factor category value (WC): 10

Terrestrial sensitive environments value (ES): 0

Product (LE x WC x ES): 0

(LE x WC x ES)/82,500 (EC): 0

If EC is >60, Value of EC: Not Applicable

Because the Terrestrial Sensitive Environments Value is less than 60, a Terrestrial Sensitive 

Environments Factor Value of 0 is assigned [1, p. 51648].

Terrestrial Sensitive Environments Factor Value: 0

5.2 NEARBY POPULATION THREAT

Due to the values obtained based on the Resident Population Threat, the Nearby Population Threat was 

not evaluated as it would not contribute significantly to the overall site score.