August 4, 2015

Exemption No. 12323

Regulatory Docket No. FAA–2015–1906

Mr. Eric A. Harris

325 South Orchard Drive, #C225

North Salt Lake, UT 84054

Dear Mr. Harris:

This letter is to inform you that we have granted your request for exemption. It transmits our 

decision, explains its basis, and gives you the conditions and limitations of the exemption, 

including the date it ends.

By letter dated May 12, 2015, you petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for 

an exemption. The petitioner requested to operate an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to 

conduct aerial photography, videography, inspection, and training1.

See Appendix A for the petition submitted to the FAA describing the proposed operations and 

the regulations that the petitioner seeks an exemption.

The FAA has determined that good cause exists for not publishing a summary of the petition 

in the Federal Register because the requested exemption would not set a precedent, and any 

delay in acting on this petition would be detrimental to the petitioner.

Airworthiness Certification

The UAS proposed by the petitioner are the DJI Phantom 2 Vision and DJI Phantom 2.

 

1 The petitioner also requested authority to conduct UAS training. At this time, the FAA is unable to authorize 

UAS operations for training until a further assessment is completed. When the FAA completes its review, we 

will proceed accordingly and no further action will be required by the petitioner. However, the petitioner is 

permitted to train its own pilot in commands and visual observers in accordance with condition no. 14 and the 

other conditions and limitations in this exemption.
2

The petitioner requested relief from 14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products 

and parts, Subpart H—Airworthiness Certificates. In accordance with the statutory criteria 

provided in Section 333 of Public Law 112−95 in reference to 49 U.S.C. § 44704, and in 

consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

aircraft and its operation, the Secretary of Transportation has determined that this aircraft 

meets the conditions of Section 333. Therefore, the FAA finds that the requested relief from 

14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products and parts, Subpart H—Airworthiness 

Certificates, and any associated noise certification and testing requirements of part 36, is 

not necessary.

The Basis for Our Decision

You have requested to use a UAS for aerial data collection2. The FAA has issued grants of 

exemption in circumstances similar in all material respects to those presented in your petition. 

In Grants of Exemption Nos. 11062 to Astraeus Aerial (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0352), 

11109 to Clayco, Inc. (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0507), 11112 to VDOS Global, LLC (see

Docket No. FAA−2014−0382), and 11213 to Aeryon Labs, Inc. (see Docket No. 

FAA−2014−0642), the FAA found that the enhanced safety achieved using an unmanned 

aircraft (UA) with the specifications described by the petitioner and carrying no passengers or 

crew, rather than a manned aircraft of significantly greater proportions, carrying crew in 

addition to flammable fuel, gives the FAA good cause to find that the UAS operation enabled 

by this exemption is in the public interest.

Having reviewed your reasons for requesting an exemption, I find that—

 They are similar in all material respects to relief previously requested in Grant of 

Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 11213;

 The reasons stated by the FAA for granting Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 

11213 also apply to the situation you present; and 

 A grant of exemption is in the public interest.

Our Decision

In consideration of the foregoing, I find that a grant of exemption is in the public interest. 

Therefore, pursuant to the authority contained in 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, and 44701, 

delegated to me by the Administrator, Mr. Eric A. Harris is granted an exemption from 

14 CFR §§ 61.23(a) and (c), 61.101(e)(4) and (5), 61.113(a), 61.315(a), 91.7(a), 91.119(c), 

91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (2), and 91.417(a) and (b), to 

 

2 Aerial data collection includes any remote sensing and measuring by an instrument(s) aboard the UA. 

Examples include imagery (photography, video, infrared, etc.), electronic measurement (precision surveying, RF 

analysis, etc.), chemical measurement (particulate measurement, etc.), or any other gathering of data by 

instruments aboard the UA.
3

the extent necessary to allow the petitioner to operate a UAS to perform aerial data collection. 

This exemption is subject to the conditions and limitations listed below.

Conditions and Limitations

In this grant of exemption, Mr. Eric A. Harris is hereafter referred to as the operator.

Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be 

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the DJI Phantom 2 

Vision and DJI Phantom 2 when weighing less than 55 pounds including payload. 

Proposed operations of any other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to 

amend this exemption.

2. Operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and television filming are 

not permitted. 

3. The UA may not be operated at a speed exceeding 87 knots (100 miles per hour). The 

exemption holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine 

compliance with the 87 knot speed restriction. In no case will the UA be operated at 

airspeeds greater than the maximum UA operating airspeed recommended by the 

aircraft manufacturer.

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL). Altitude must be reported in feet AGL.

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. 

This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than 

corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate or 

U.S. driver’s license.

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The UA must be operated within 

the visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC and VO at all times. The VO may be used 

to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS 

capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times; 

electronic messaging or texting is not permitted during flight operations. The PIC 

must be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the 

duration of the flight. The PIC must ensure that the VO can perform the duties 

required of the VO.

7. This exemption and all documents needed to operate the UAS and conduct its 

operations in accordance with the conditions and limitations stated in this grant of 

exemption, are hereinafter referred to as the operating documents. The operating 
4

documents must be accessible during UAS operations and made available to the 

Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and 

limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating documents, 

the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. 

Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operating 

documents. The operator may update or revise its operating documents. It is the 

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised 

documents to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. The 

operator must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for extension 

or amendment to this grant of exemption. If the operator determines that any update 

or revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then 

the operator must petition for an amendment to its grant of exemption. The FAA’s 

UAS Integration Office (AFS−80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding 

updates or revisions to the operating documents.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation 

or flight characteristics, e.g., replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo 

a functional test flight prior to conducting further operations under this exemption. 

Functional test flights may only be conducted by a PIC with a VO and must remain at 

least 500 feet from other people. The functional test flight must be conducted in such 

a manner so as to not pose an undue hazard to persons and property.

9. The operator is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the UAS to ensure that it is 

in a condition for safe operation.

10. Prior to each flight, the PIC must conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine the 

UAS is in a condition for safe flight. The pre-flight inspection must account for all 

potential discrepancies, e.g., inoperable components, items, or equipment. If the 

inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft is 

prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the 

UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight.

11. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s maintenance, overhaul, 

replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements for the aircraft and 

aircraft components.

12. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer 

safety bulletins.

13. Under this grant of exemption, a PIC must hold either an airline transport, 

commercial, private, recreational, or sport pilot certificate. The PIC must also hold a 

current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. driver’s license issued by a 

state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a possession, or the Federal 
5

government. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 

14 CFR § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

14. The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless the PIC demonstrates the 

ability to safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be 

operated under this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from persons, vessels, vehicles and structures. PIC 

qualification flight hours and currency must be logged in a manner consistent with 

14 CFR § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of training the operator’s PICs and VOs 

(training, proficiency, and experience-building) and determining the PIC’s ability to

safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated 

under this exemption are permitted under the terms of this exemption. However, 

training operations may only be conducted during dedicated training sessions. During 

training, proficiency, and experience-building flights, all persons not essential for 

flight operations are considered nonparticipants, and the PIC must operate the UA 

with appropriate distance from nonparticipants in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119.

15. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1. All 

operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights 

under special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not authorized.

16. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point (ARP) as 

denoted in the current FAA Airport/Facility Directory (AFD) or for airports not 

denoted with an ARP, the center of the airport symbol as denoted on the current 

FAA-published aeronautical chart, unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s 

management is obtained or otherwise permitted by a COA issued to the exemption 

holder. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made available 

to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

17. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

18. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a 

pre-determined location within the private or controlled-access property.

19. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

20. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and forecast 

weather conditions) there is enough available power for the UA to conduct the 

intended operation and to operate after that for at least five minutes or with the reserve 

power recommended by the manufacturer if greater.

21. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). All 

operations shall be conducted in accordance with an ATO-issued COA. The 
6

exemption holder may apply for a new or amended COA if it intends to conduct 

operations that cannot be conducted under the terms of the attached COA.

22. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification 

(N−Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must 

be as large as practicable.

23. Documents used by the operator to ensure the safe operation and flight of the UAS and 

any documents required under 14 CFR §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the 

PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. 

These documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement 

official upon request.

24. The UA must remain clear and give way to all manned aviation operations and 

activities at all times. 

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle. 

26. All Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures unless:

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons 

from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure 

that nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a situation arises 

where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are within 500 feet of 

the UA, flight operations must cease immediately in a manner ensuring the safety 

of nonparticipating persons; and

b. The owner/controller of any vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission 

for operating closer to those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of 

the risk of operating closer to those objects and determined that it does not 

present an undue hazard.

The PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons are not considered 

nonparticipating persons under this exemption.

27. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

permission from the property owner/controller or authorized representative. 

Permission from property owner/controller or authorized representative will be 

obtained for each flight to be conducted.

28. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical 

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported 

to the FAA's UAS Integration Office (AFS−80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be 
7

reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions 

contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov.

If this exemption permits operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and 

television filming and production, the following additional conditions and limitations apply.

29. The operator must have a motion picture and television operations manual (MPTOM) 

as documented in this grant of exemption.

30. At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the UAS affected by this 

exemption must submit a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight Standards 

District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the area of proposed filming. The 3-day 

notification may be waived with the concurrence of the FSDO. The plan of activities 

must include at least the following:

a. Dates and times for all flights;

b. Name and phone number of the operator for the UAS aerial filming conducted 

under this grant of exemption;

c. Name and phone number of the person responsible for the on-scene operation of 

the UAS;

d. Make, model, and serial or N−Number of UAS to be used;

e. Name and certificate number of UAS PICs involved in the aerial filming;

f. A statement that the operator has obtained permission from property owners 

and/or local officials to conduct the filming production event; the list of those 

who gave permission must be made available to the inspector upon request;

g. Signature of exemption holder or representative; and

h. A description of the flight activity, including maps or diagrams of any area, city, 

town, county, and/or state over which filming will be conducted and the altitudes 

essential to accomplish the operation.

31. Flight operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet from participating persons 

consenting to be involved and necessary for the filming production, as specified in the 

exemption holder’s MPTOM.

Unless otherwise specified in this grant of exemption, the UAS, the UAS PIC, and the UAS 

operations must comply with all applicable parts of 14 CFR including, but not limited to, 

parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.
8

This exemption terminates on August 31, 2017, unless sooner superseded or rescinded.

Sincerely,

/s/

John S. Duncan

Director, Flight Standards Service

Enclosures
Eric A. Harris

325 S. Orchard Dr. #C225

North Salt Lake, UT 84054

May 12, 2015

U.S. Department of Transportation

Docket Management System

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE

Washington DC 20590

Re: Exemption Request Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Reform Act and Part 

11 of the Federal Aviation Regulations from: 14 CFR 21 subpart H; 14 CFR 

45.23(b); 14 CFR 61.113(a); 14 CFR 91.7(a); 14 CFR 91.9(b)(2); 14 CFR 

91.103; 14 CFR 91.109; 14 CFR 91.119(c); 14 CFR 91.121; 14 CFR 91.151(a); 

14 CFR 91.203 (a) and (b); 14 CFR 91.405 (a); 14 CFR 91.407 (a) (1) 14 CFR 

91.409 (a)(1) and (2); 14 CFR 91.417(a) and (b)

Dear Sir or Madam:

Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (the 

“Reform Act”) and 14 CFR Part 11, Eric Harris, operator of Small Unmanned 

aircraft Systems (“sUAS”), hereby applies for an exemption from the listed 

Federal Aviation Regulations (“FARs”) to allow commercial operation of its 

sUAS, so long as such operations are conducted within and under the conditions 

outlined herein or as my be established by the FAA as required by Section 333.

Commercial operation sUAS, as described herein, which are equipped with 

cameras and sensors, would operate in the following manner:

1. Aerial photography and/or video for public and/or private use including real 

estate, architecture, land surveying, engineering and other related professional 

activities.

2. Aerial video and/or photography for public and/or private use including 

television, public events, cinematography and news gathering.

3. Aerial inspection/photography of residential/commercial structures under 

contract with the owners or local government authority.

4. Aerial video/photography or providing live video feed to assist with search and 

rescue operations in cases of an emergency or natural disaster only when the 

local authorities or government has requested it by contract or donation.

5. The ability to offer training to persons individually or belonging to both private 
and/or public organizations that have interests in the use and application of sUAS 

for the purpose of the safe operation of sUAS to enhance the safety of the 

National Airspace System (NAS) as well as for the protection of the persons and 

property.

As described fully below, the requested exemption would permit the operation of 

sUAS under controlled conditions in the NAS that would be a) limited b) 

controlled c) predetermined and d) will provide safety enhancements to the 

already safe operations in the industry presently using conventional aircraft. 

Approval of this exemption would thereby enhance safety and fulfill the Secretary 

of Transportation’s (the FAA Administrator’s) responsibilities to “....establish 

requirements for the safe operation of such aircraft systems in the national 

airspace system.”

The name and address of the applicant is:

Attn: Eric Harris

Ph: 509-899-2610

Email: eric.alexander.harris@gmail.com

Address: 325 S. Orchard Dr. #C225, North Salt Lake, UT 84054

Regulations from which the exemption is requested:

14 CFR Part 21 subpart H

14 CFR 45.23 (b)

14 CFR 61.113 (a)

14 CFR 91.7 (a)

14 CFR 91.9 (b) (2)

14 CFR 91.103

14 CFR 91.109

14 CFR 91.119 (c)

14 CFR 91.121

14 CFR 91.151 (a)

14 CFR 91.203 (a) & (b)

14 CFR 91.405 (a)

14 CFR 91.407 (a) (1)

14 CFR 91.409 (a) (2)

14 CFR 91.417 (a) & (b)

My sUAS are multi-rotor craft weighing no more than 55lbs. including payload. 

Under normal conditions they operate at speeds of no more than 50kts and have 

the ability hover and move along a vertical and horizontal plane simultaneously. 

They will operate in line of sight and will operate within a closed off 

and predetermined area owned and/operated by the property representative.

Given the small size of the sUAS and the controlled environment provided the 
proposed operations will adhere to the Reform Act’s safety requirements. The 

approval of this application presents no national security issues. Regarding the 

level of safety surrounding the proposed operations and the public 

benefit, reduction in environmental impacts, including but not limited to reduced 

emissions and noise, the grant of the requested exemption is in the public 

interest. Accordingly the applicant requests that the FAA grant the requested 

exemption with minimum delay.

AIRCRAFT AND EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF SAFETY

The operation limitations proposed for an equivalent or higher level of safety 

because operations will further enhance the safety of the persons and/or property 

using conventional aircraft. These limitations and conditions to which the 

applicant agrees to adhere to when conducting commercial operations under the 

FAA issued exemption as set forth in the Flight Operations Manual (FOM) 

include:

1. The sUAS will weigh less than 55 lbs.

2. Flights will be operated within line of sight of a pilot and/or observer.

3. Maximum flight time for each operational flight will be 30 minutes. Flights will 

be terminated at 25% battery power reserve or 30 minutes of flight time 

whichever occurs first.

4. Flights will be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet Above Ground 

Level (AGL) and not more than 200 feet above an elevated platform from which 

filming is planned.

5. Minimum crew for each operation will consist of the sUAS Pilot, and 

may include but not limited to a Camera Operator and an additional Visual 

Observer (VO) .

6. The sUAS pilot will be a designated Pilot in Command (PIC) and hold a valid 

state driver’s license. If the PIC feels another operator to be qualified with the 

necessary skills to be PIC & possess a valid state driver’s license, that person 

may be designated PIC provided they have a minimum of 20 hours of flight time 

with the sUAS.

7. A briefing will be performed regarding the planned sUAS operations prior to 

each day’s flight consisting of all the days’ production activities.

8. The operator will file FAA Form 7711-1, or its equivalent, as modified in light of 

the requested exemption, with the appropriate local Flight Standards District 

Office (FSDO) no more than 72 hours but no less than 48 hours from planned 

operation.

9. The operator will obtain verbal/written consent of all persons involved with the 

planned operation and ensure that only consenting persons will be allowed within 

100 feet of the flight operation, and the radius may be reduced to 30 feet based 

upon an equivalent level of safety determination, as required under the FOM. 

With the advanced permission of the FSDO, operations at closer range may be 

approved.

10. The PIC and VO will have been trained in operation of sUAS and receive up-
to-date information for the particular sUAS to be operated.

11. The PIC and VO will be able to communicate by voice, radio, and/or text at all 

times.

12. Written and/or verbal permission and permits will be obtained from territorial, 

state, county or city jurisdictions, including law enforcement, fire or other 

appropriate governmental agencies.

13. If the sUAS loses communications or loses GPS signal, the sUAS will have 

the capability to return to a pre-determined location within a designated location 

and land autonomously.

14. The sUAS will have the capability to abort a flight in case of unpredicted 

obstacles, weather, or emergencies.

14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H: Airworthiness Certificates 14 C.F.R. §91.203 (a) 

(1) Subpart H, entitled Airworthiness Certificates, establishes the procedural 

requirements for the issuance of airworthiness certificates as required by FAR 

§91.203 (a) (1). Given the size and limited operating area associated with the 

aircraft to be utilized by the Applicant, an exemption from Part 21 Subpart H 

meets the requirements of an equivalent level of safety under Part 11 and 

Section 333 of the Reform Act. The Federal Aviation Act (49 U.S.C.§44701 (f)) 

and Section 333 of the Reform Act both authorize the FAA to exempt aircraft 

from the requirement for an airworthiness certificate, upon consideration of the 

size, weight, speed, operational capability, and proximity to airports and 

populated areas of the particular sUAS. In all cases, an analysis of these criteria 

demonstrates that the sUAS operated without an airworthiness certificate, in 

the restricted environment and under the conditions proposed will be at least as 

safe, or safer, than a conventional aircraft (fixed wing or rotorcraft) operating with 

an airworthiness certificate without the restrictions and conditions proposed.

The sUAS to be operated hereunder is less than 55 lbs. fully loaded, carries 

neither a pilot nor passenger, carries no explosive materials or flammable liquid 

fuels, and operates exclusively within a secured and designated area. Unlike 

other civil aircraft, operations under this exemption will be tightly controlled 

and monitored by both the operator and under the requirements and in 

compliance with local public safety requirements. The FAA will have advance 

notice of all operations. These safety enhancements provide a greater degree of 

safety to the public and property owners than conventional operations conducted 

with airworthiness certificates issued under 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Lastly, 

application of these same criteria demonstrates that there is no credible threat to 

national security posed by the sUAS, due to its size, speed of operation, location 

of operation, lack of explosive materials or flammable liquid fuels, and inability to 

carry a substantial external load.

14 C.F.R. § 45.23 (b). Marking of the Aircraft
The regulation requires:

When marks include only the Roman capital letter "N" and the registration 

number is displayed on limited, restricted or light-sport category aircraft or 

experimental or provisionally certificated aircraft, the operator must also display 

on that aircraft near each entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or pilot station, in letters 

not less than 2 inches nor more than 6 inches high, the words "limited," 

"restricted," "light-sport," "experimental," or "provisional," as applicable. Even 

though the sUAS will have no airworthiness certificate, an exemption may be 

needed as the sUAS will have no entrance to the cabin, cockpit or pilot station on 

which the word “Experimental” can be placed. Given the size of the sUAS, twoinch lettering will be impossible. The word “Experimental” will be placed on the 

fuselage in compliance with §45.29 (f). The equivalent level of safety will be 

provided by having the sUAS marked on its fuselage as required by §45.29 (f) 

where the pilot, observer and others working with the sUAS will see the 

identification of the sUAS as “Experimental.”

14 C.F.R. § 61.113 (a): Private Pilot Privileges and Limitations: Pilot in 

Command.

Pursuant to 14 CFR 61.113 (a), no person who holds a private pilot certificate 

may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or 

property for compensation or hire. Our sUAS do not carry any pilots or 

passengers nor property therefore I am seeking an exemption to 14 CFR 

61.113(a). Although helpful, a pilot’s license will not ensure remote control 

piloting skills. The risks attendant to the operation of sUAS is far less than the 

risk levels inherent in the commercial activities outlined in 14 CFR 61. I feel the 

operation and limitations set forth in the FOM will equate to the safe operation of 

the sUAS.

14 C.F.R. §91.7(a): Civil Aircraft Airworthiness.

The regulation requires that no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in 

airworthy condition. As there will be no airworthiness certificate issued for the 

aircraft, should this exemption be granted, no FAA regulatory standard will exist 

for determining airworthiness. Given the size of the aircraft for maintenance and 

use of safety check lists prior to each flight an equivalent level of safety will be 

provided.

14 C.F.R. § 91.9 (b) (2): Civil Aircraft Flight Manual in the Aircraft.

Section 91.9 (b) (2) provides: No person may operate a U.S.-registered civil 

aircraft ... (2) For which an Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual is not required by 

§21.5 of this chapter, unless there is available in the aircraft a current approved 

airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual, approved manual material, markings, 

and placards, or any combination thereof. The sUAS, given its size and 

configuration has no ability or place to carry such a flight manual on the aircraft, 
not only because there is no pilot on board, but because there is no room or 

capacity to carry such an item on the aircraft. The equivalent level of safety will 

be maintained by keeping the flight manual at the ground control point where the 

pilot flying the sUAS will have immediate access to it.

14 C.F.R. § 91.103: Preflight Action.

This regulation requires each pilot in command to take certain actions before 

flight to insure the safety of flight. As FAA approved rotorcraft flight manuals will 

not be provided for the aircraft an exemption will be needed. The PIC will take all 

actions including reviewing weather, flight battery requirements, landing 

and takeoff distances and aircraft performance data before initiation of flight.

14 C.F.R. §91.109: Flight Instruction.

Section 91.103 provides that no person may operate a civil aircraft (except a 

manned free balloon) that is being used for flight instruction unless that aircraft 

has fully functioning dual controls. sUAS and remotely piloted aircraft, by their 

design do not have fully functional dual controls. Flight control is 

accomplished through the use of a control box that communicates with the 

aircraft via radio communications. The FAA has approved exemptions for flight 

training without fully functional dual controls for a number of aircraft and for flight 

instruction in experimental aircraft. The equivalent level of safety provided by the 

fact that neither a pilot nor passengers will be carried in the aircraft and by the 

size and speed of the aircraft.

14 C.F.R. §91.119: Minimum Safe Altitudes.

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Section 

91.119 (d) allows helicopters to be operated at less than the minimums 

prescribed, provided the person operating the helicopter complies with any route 

or altitudes prescribed for helicopters by the FAA. As this exemption is for a 

sUAS that is a helicopter and the exemption requests authority to operate at 

altitudes up to 400 AGL, or not more than 200 above an elevated platform from 

which filming is planned, an exemption may be needed to allow such operations. 

As set forth herein, the sUAS will never operate at higher than 400 AGL with the 

exception that in circumstances where the sUAS is used to survey or photograph 

a structure whose height exceeds 400 feet AGL, the sUAS will not be operated 

more than 100' above the highest point on the structure. It will however be 

operated in a restricted area with security perimeter, where buildings and people 

will not be exposed to operations without their pre-obtained consent.

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, speed of 

the sUAS as well as the location where it is operated. No flight will be taken 

without the permission of the property owner or local officials. Because of the 

advance notice to the property owner and participants in the filming activity, 
all affected individuals will be aware of the planned flight operations. Compared 

to flight operations with aircraft or rotorcraft weighting far more than the 

maximum 55lbs. proposed herein and the lack of flammable fuel, any risk 

associated with these operations is far less than those presently presented with 

conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 AGL. In addition, the low-altitude 

operations of the sUAS will ensure separation between these small- UAS 

operations and the operations of conventional aircraft that must comply with 

Section 91.119.

14 C.F.R. §91.121 Altimeter Settings.

This regulation requires each person operating an aircraft to maintain cruising 

altitude by reference to an altimeter that is set “...to the elevation of the departure 

airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before departure.” As the 

sUAS may not have a barometric altimeter, but instead a GPS altitude read out, 

an exemption may be needed. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved by 

the operator, pursuant to the safety check list and live flight data monitoring, 

confirming the altitude of the launch site shown on the GPS altitude indicator 

before flight.

14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a): Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions

Section 91.151 (a) prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane 

under VFR conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) 

there is enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, and, assuming 

normal cruising speed – (1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 

minutes; or (2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.” The battery 

powering the sUAS provides approximately 30 minutes of powered flight. To 

meet the 30 minute reserve requirement in 14 CFR §91.151, sUAS flights would 

be limited to approximately 10 minutes in length. Given the limitations on the 

sUAS’s proposed flight area and the location of its proposed operations within 

a predetermined area, a longer time frame for flight in daylight or twilight VFR 

conditions is reasonable. Applicant believes that an exemption from 14 CFR 

§91.151(a) falls within the scope of prior exemptions. Operating the small UAS, 

in a tightly controlled area where only people and property owners or 

official representatives who have signed waivers will be allowed, with less than 

30 minutes of reserve fuel, does not engender the type of risks that Section 

91.151(a) was intended to alleviate given the size and speed of the small UAS. 

Additionally, limiting sUAS flights to 10 minutes would greatly reduce the utility for 

which the exemption will be granted. Applicant believes that an equivalent level 

of safety can be achieved by limiting flights to 30 minutes or 25% of battery 

power— whichever happens first. This restriction would be more than adequate 

to return the sUAS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its limited 

operating area.

14 C.F.R. §91.203 (a) and (b): Carrying Civil Aircraft Certification and 

Registration
The regulation provides in pertinent part:

(a) Except as provided in § 91.715, no person may operate a civil aircraft unless 

it has within it the following:

(1) An appropriate and current airworthiness certificate. . . .

(b) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless the airworthiness certificate 

required by paragraph (a) of this section or a special flight authorization issued 

under §91.715 is displayed at the cabin or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to 

passengers or crew.

The sUAS fully loaded weighs no more than 55 lbs. and is operated without an 

onboard pilot. As such, there is no ability or place to carry certification and 

registration documents or to display them on the sUAS. An equivalent level of 

safety will be achieved by keeping these documents at the ground control point 

where the pilot flying the sUAS will have immediate access to them, to the extent 

they are applicable to the sUAS.

14 C.F.R. §91.405 (a); 407 (a) (1); 409 (a) (2); 417(a) & (b): Maintenance 

Inspections.

These regulations require that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that 

aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between 

required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have 

discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter...,” and others 

shall inspect or maintain the aircraft in compliance with Part 43.

Given that these section and Part 43 apply only to aircraft with an airworthiness 

certificate, these sections will not apply to the applicant. Maintenance will be 

accomplished by the operator pursuant to the flight manual and operating 

handbook. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved because these small 

UASs are very limited in size and will carry a small payload and operate only in 

restricted areas for limited periods of time. If mechanical issues arise the sUAS 

can land immediately and will be operating from no higher than 400 feet AGL. 

The operator will ensure that the sUAS is in working order prior to initiating flight, 

perform required maintenance, and keep a log of any maintenance performed. 

Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and best 

suited to maintain the aircraft in an airworthy condition to provide the equivalent 

level of safety.

An equivalent level of safety will be achieved because maintenance and 

inspections will be performed in accordance with the sUAS Manufacturer's 

Manual, as referenced in the Aircraft Operations Manual (AOM). As provided in 

the FOM, the operator will ensure that the sUAS is in working order prior to 

initiating flight and perform required maintenance needed.
Additional Information

The applicant, Eric Harris, has been involved in the building and piloting of 

remote controlled aircraft since 2012. The primary pilot, Eric Harris, has 

completed hundreds of hours of flight without incident. Satisfaction of criteria 

provided in Section 333 of the Reform Act of 2012 provide more than 

adequate justification for the grant of the requested exemptions allowing the 

commercial operation of the applicant’s sUAS.

Sincerely,

Eric A. Harris