SJVUAPCD 4607- 1 12/18/2008 RULE 4607 GRAPHIC ARTS AND PAPER, FILM, FOIL AND FABRIC COATINGS (Adopted April 11, 1991; Amended Se ptember 19, 1991; Amended December 17, 1992; Amende d March 31, 1993; Amende d May 19, 1994; Amended September 17, 1997; Am ended December 20, 2001, Amended September 20, 2007, Amended Decem ber 18, 2008)

1.0 Purpose

The purpose of this rule is to limit VOC emissions from gr aphic arts prin ting operations, digital printing op erations, and paper, film, foil or fabric coating operations.

2.0 Applicability

This rule is applicable to any graphic arts printing operation, to digital printing operations, and to any paper, film, foil, or fabric coating op eration and to the organic solvent cleaning materials and pr ocesses associated with such operations.

3.0 Definitions

3.1 Aerosol Adhesive: an adhesive that is dispense d from a hand-held selfpressurized container by means of propellant induced force.

3.2 Aerosol Product: a hand-held, non-refill able container that expels a pressurized solvent-containing product by mean s of a propellant-induced force.

3.3 APCO: as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions).

3.4 Application Equipment: a device, including, but not limited to, a spray gun, brush, roller, and a printing press, used to apply adhesives, coatings, or inks.

3.5 Application Process: any process wh ere surface coatings are applied and/or cured to paper or fabric on a coating line. Such coatin g line shall include coating applicators, heating or drying ovens, any dryers, and other equipment

where VOC emissions occur.

3.6 ARB: California Air Resources Board.

3.7 ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.

3.8 Bench Scale Project: a project (other than at a research and development facility) that is operated on a small scale, such as one capable of being located on a laboratory bench top.SJVUAPCD 4607- 2 12/18/2008 3.9 Blanket: a synthe tic rubber mat used in offset-lit hography to transfer or "offset" an image from a planographic printing plate to paper or other substrate.

3.10 Blanket Repair Material: the material used in offset printing to correct low spots in the press blanket.

3.11 Blanket Wash: a solvent used to re move ink from the blanket of a press.

3.12 Capture Efficiency: in percent, is the ratio of th e weight of the VOC in the effluent stream entering the control devi ce to the weight of VOC emitted from the operation, both measured simultane ously, and can be calculated by the following equation:

Capture Efficiency = [Wc/We] x 100

Where: Wc = weight of VOC entering control device We = weight of VOC emitted from the operation

3.13 CFR: Code of Federal Regulations.

3.14 Coating: the application of a uniform layer of material across the entire width

of a substrate. Those machines which have both coating and printing units should be considered as pe rforming a printing operation. Coating applications that are not performed in association with a printi ng operation are considered coating operations and are not grap hic arts printing operations.

3.15 Coating Line: a series of coating applicators, flash-o ff areas, and any associated curing/drying equipment between one or more unwind/feed st ations and one or more rewind/cutting stations.

3.16 Control Device: equipment such as an incinerator or adsorber, or cooler/condenser filtration used to preven t air pollutants from being emitted into the atmosphere.SJVUAPCD 4607- 3 12/18/2008 3.17 Control Device Efficiency: in percent, is the ratio of the weight of the VOC removed by the control device from the effluent stream en tering the control device to the weight of the VOC in th e effluent stream entering the control device, both measured simultaneously, and can be calculated by the following equation:

Control Device Efficiency = [(W c - W d ) / W c ] x 100

Where:

W c = Weight of VOC entering control device

W d = Weight of VOC discharg ed from the control device

3.18 Converting Operation: coating, wa xing, laminating, extr usion coating, or printing, to fabricate base materials which are then us ed to produce wraps, bags, and other pre-formed packages.

3.19 Conventional Printing Op erations: those printing opera tions that utilize physical masters, stencils, screens or plates during the printing process. Conventional printing operations use t echnologies including but no t limited to lithography, flexography, gravure, letterpre ss, and screen printing.

3.20 Cured Adhesive, Cured Co ating, or Cured Ink: an adhesive, coa ting, or ink that is dry to the touch.

3.21 Degreaser: a tank, tray , drum or other container in which objects to be cleaned are exposed to a solvent or solvent vapor in order to remove contaminants. The objects to be cleaned include, but are not limited to, parts, products, tools, machinery, and equipment. An enclosed spray application equipment cleaning system is not a degreaser.

3.22 Die Coater (or S lit Coater): a type of application equipment that coats an object by flowing coatings through a slit direc tly onto the object moving past the slit.

3.23 Digital Printer: a printing device that uses a computer-driven machine to transfer an electronic imag e to a substrate through the use of inks, toners, or other graphic materials. Digital printing technolog ies include, but are not limited to, various forms of inkjet , thermography, electrophotography, ionography, and magnetography.

3.24 Digital Printing Operations: those oper ations that do not use a physical master, stencils, or plates but use digital data to control the deposition of ink, toner, or dye to create images.SJVUAPCD 4607- 4 12/18/2008 3.25 Dip Coater: a type of application equipment that coats an object by submerging the object in a vat of coating, and s ubsequently withdraw ing the object and draining off the excess coating.

3.26 Dissolver: an organic so lvent that is added to an a dhesive, coating, or ink in order to melt or to liquefy solid particles.

3.27 Doctor Blade: a steel blade used to scrape excess ink from a printing plate or inking cylinder.

3.28 Dryer: a hot air, high velocity syst em used to dry inks on printed or coated

substrate.

3.29 Dye Sublimation: an imaging process that vaporizes colorant with heat and pressure, and deposits it onto a substrate in order to simulate a continuous tone image. Dye sublimation is a digital printing technology.

3.30 Electron Beam Ink: ink that, when e xposed to electron energy, crosslinks or

solidifies in milliseconds.

3.31 Electrophotography: a digital printing technology that works by recording an image on a drum in the form of an electro static charge, which is then transferred to the substrate. Electrophotography in cludes such technologies as laser printers, xerography, and liquid electrophotography.

3.32 Electrostatic Application: a method of applying coating wh ereby atomized paint droplets are charged and subsequently de posited on the substrate by electrostatic

attraction.

3.33 EPA: United States E nvironmental Protection Agency.

3.34 Exempt Organic Compounds: all organi c compounds not classified as VOC, as listed in Rule 1020 (Definitions).

3.35 Extreme Performance Ink/Coating: an ink or coating used in screen printing on a non-porous substrate that is designed to resist or withstand any of the following:

3.35.1 more than two years of outdoor exposure; or

3.35.2 exposure to industrial- grade chemicals, solvents, acids, or detergents, oil products, cosmetics, temperatures exceeding 170 o F, vacuum-forming, embossing or molding.SJVUAPCD 4607- 5 12/18/2008 3.36 Fabric Coating: any decorative or protective coating or reinforcing material applied or impregnated into textile fabric , vinyl coated textile fabric, or vinyl

sheets.

3.37 Film Coating: a coating applied in a web coating process on any film substrate other than paper or fabr ic, including but not limited to typewriter ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape, and metal foil gift wrap, but excluding coatings applied to packaging used exclus ively for food and h ealth care products for human or animal consumption.

3.38 Fine Arts Painting: any unique visual representation, consis ting of paint, ink, or other media, hand applie d to a substrate of canvas, wood, paper, metal, or

other material.

3.39 Flexible Packaging: any package or part of a package th e shape of which can readily be changed. Flexible packagi ng includes, but is not limited to, bags, pouches, liners, and wraps utilizing pape r, plastic, film , aluminum foil, metalized or coated paper or film, or any combination of these materials.

3.40 Flexible Packaging Indust ry: establishments that c onvert materials consisting of light gauge papers, plastic films, cellulosic f ilms such as cell ophane, thin gauge

metal sheets such as alumi num foil or steel foil, and co mbinations thereof into a variety of product packages.

3.41 Flexographic Printing: the applicati on of words, designs, or pictures to a substrate by means of a roll printing techni que in which the pattern is applied to an image carrier made of rubber or othe r elastomeric materials. The image to be printed is raised above the carrier surface, while the non-image area is not

raised.

3.42 Flow Coater: a coatin g application system with no air supplied to the nozzle and where paint flows over the part and th e excess coating drai ns back into the collection system.

3.43 Foam Coater: a coating application sy stem that coats an object by flowing foam through holes or a slit directly ont o the object moving underneath it.

3.44 Foil Coating: a coating applied in a web coating process on any foil substrate other than paper or fabr ic, including but not limited to typewriter ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape, and metal foil gift wrap, but excluding coatings applied to packaging used exclus ively for food and h ealth care products for human and animal consumption.SJVUAPCD 4607- 6 12/18/2008 3.45 Fountain Solution: solution composed mainly of water and contains at least one of the following materials: etchants such as mineral salts; hydrophilic gums; or other additives, which is a pplied to the image plate to maintain the hydrophilic properties of the non-image areas.

3.46 Fugitive Emissions: emissions of VOC from any portion of the printing, coating, or laminati ng operation other than from the dryer.

3.47 Grams of VOC Per Lite r of Ink, Coating, Adhesi ve, or Wash Primer Less Water and Less Exempt Co mpounds: the weight of VOC per combined volume of VOC and coating solids , and can be calculated by the following equation:

Grams of VOC per Liter of Ink, Coating, Adhesive, or Wash Primer = Ws - Ww - Wec Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds Vm - Vw - Vec

Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams Ww = weight of water, in grams Wec = weight of exempt compounds, in grams Vm = volume of material, in liters Vec = volume of exempt compounds, in liters Vw = volume of water, in liters

3.48 Grams of VOC Per Lite r of Material: the wei ght of VOC per volume of

material and can be calculat ed by the following equation:

Grams of VOC per Liter of Material = Ws - Ww - Wec

Vm

Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams Ww = weight of water, in grams Wec = weight of exempt compounds, in grams Vm = volume of materials, in liters

3.49 Graphic Arts Coating: the applicati on of a uniform layer of material across the

entire width of a substrat e. Those machines whic h perform both coating and printing should be considered as perfor ming a printing operation. For purposes of this rule, digital printi ng is not considered graphi c arts coating operations.SJVUAPCD 4607- 7 12/18/2008 3.50 Graphic Arts Printing Operations: those operations employing conventional printing operations, or any coating or laminating process associated with conventional printing to produce publis hed products and packages. Organic solvent cleaning operations performed in order to pr oduce published products and packages are considered to be part of graphic arts printing operations.

3.51 Gravure Printing: an intaglio printi ng method in which the ink is transferred from minute etched wells on a cylinder to the substrate, which is supported by an impression roller with excess ink re moved from the cylinder by a doctor

blade.

3.52 Hand Application Method: a method of applying a coating to a substrate using manually held, non-mechanica lly operated equipment. Such equipment includes paintbrushes, hand rollers, caulking guns, trowels, spatulas, syringe daubers, rags, and sponges.

3.53 Heating Oven: a device into which pape r or fabric is put to dry or cure the applied coating by applying heat.

3.54 Heatset Ink: a quick-drying ink in which the solvents ar e vaporized by passing the printed surface thr ough a heater or oven.

3.55 High-Volume, Low-Pressure (HVLP) Spray Equipment: equipment used to apply materials by means of a spray gun which is desi gned and intended to be operated, and which is ope rated, between 0.1 and 10. 0 psig of air atomizing pressure, measured dynamically at the center of the air cap and the air horns.

3.56 Ink Jet: a digital prin ting technology in which ink is ejected through printheads onto a substrate to create an image.

3.57 Intaglio Printing: printing done from a plate or cylinder in which the image is sunk below (etched or engraved into) the surface.

3.58 Ionography: a digital prin ting technology that utilizes a directed array of ions to create a charge on a nonconductive surfac e to create an im age. Ionography can also be known as ion deposition or el ectron charge deposition printing.

3.59 Key system operating parameters: those paramete rs necessary to ensure compliance with Section 5.6, includi ng, but not limited to, temperature, pressure drop, and air flow rate.

3.60 Lamination: a process of composing two or more laye rs of material to form a single, multiple-layer sheet by using an adhesive.SJVUAPCD 4607- 8 12/18/2008 3.61 Letterpress Printing: a method where the image area is raised relative to the non-image area and the ink is transferred to the paper directly from the image

surface.

3.62 Line: the minimum equipment which is required for the application and/or drying of inks and/or curing of ultravio let coatings of inks , or coatings on a substrate, including the ink and/or coati ng applicators and drying systems, and associated ink and coating agitation and delivery systems.

3.63 Liquid Leak: a visible solvent leak from a container at a rate of more than three drops per minute, or a visible liquid mist.

3.64 Liquid Electrophotography (LEP): a dig ital printing technology that records a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive surface, such as a drum or belt. The image created by applying toner to the charged areas of the photoconductor is electrically transferre d to an intermediate surf ace. In a second transfer process, the image is releas ed from the blanket surfa ce to the final substrate, cooling rapidly as the substrate passes between the blanket and an impression drum, causing the image to “peel off” the blanket and be affixed to the substrate. This operation repeats itself on the one printing station for every color separation in the image.

3.65 Lithographic Printing: a plane-o-gr aphic printing method in which the image and non-image areas are on the same plane.

3.66 Magnetography: a digital printing tec hnology whereby an imag e is printed using a magnetic toner, electromagnetic write heads, and magnetic fields on an imaging

drum.

3.67 Maintenance Cl eaning: a solvent cleaning operation or activity carried out to keep tools, machinery, equipment (excluding ink, coating, or adhesive application equipment) or general work areas in clean and good oper ational condition.

3.68 Manufacturing Process: the process of making goods or articles by hand or by

machine.

3.69 Matte Finish Flexograp hic Ink: a printing ink whic h is applied on non-porous substrates in flexographic printing operati ons and contains at least five percent by weight silicon dioxide flattening agent.

3.70 Metallic Finish Flexogr aphic Ink: a printing ink wh ich is applie d on non-porous substrates in flexographic pr inting operations and contai ns at least 28 percent by weight elemental metal particles.SJVUAPCD 4607- 9 12/18/2008 3.71 Metallic Ink: ink cont aining at least 50 grams of el emental metal particles per liter of ink (0.4 lb/gal) as applied and wh ich is not used in the manufacture of an

electronic circuit.

3.72 Non-Absorbent C ontainer: a containe r made of non-porous material that does not allow the migration of solvents through it.

3.73 Non-Atomized Solvent Fl ow: solvents in the form of a liquid stream without the introduction of any propellant.

3.74 Non-heatset Ink: an ink which dries by oxidation and/or absorption into the substrate without use of heat from dryers or ovens.

3.75 Non-Leaking Container: a container without liquid leak.

3.76 Non-porous Substrate: any substrate whose surfac e prevents penetration by water, including but not limited to foil, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, metalized polyester, nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate (mylar), paper or paperboard coated with non-po rous surface. Cl ay coated printing paper as defined by the American Pape r Institute Classification System, and paperboard coated with clay to prevent water penetra tion, shall be considered non-porous substrates.

3.77 Offset Lithographic Pr inting: a plane-o-gr aphic method in wh ich the image and non-image areas are on the same pl ane and the ink is offs et from a plate to a rubber blanket, and then from the blanket to the substrate.

3.78 On-Press Component: a part, component , or accessory of a pr ess that is cleaned while still being physically attached to the press.

3.79 Operation: any physical action resulting in a change in the location, form, or physical properties of a materi al, or any chemical action resulting in a change in the chemical composition or the chemical or physical properti es of a material.

3.80 Operator: includes but is not lim ited to any person who owns, leases, supervises, or operates a fa cility and/or equipment.

3.81 Organic Solvent: the same as “Solvent.”

3.82 Organic Solvent Cleaning: as define d in Rule 4663 (Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage, and Disposal).

3.83 Packaging Gr avure: gravure printi ng on paper, paperboard, foil, film, or other

substrates which are to be used to produce containers or packages.SJVUAPCD 4607- 10 12/18/2008 3.84 Pantone Ink: a printi ng ink created for color matchi ng by combination of process

inks.

3.85 Paper Coating: any coating applied on or impregna ted into paper, including, but not limited to, adhesive ta pes and labels, book covers, po st cards, office copier paper, drafting pape r, and pressure sensitive tapes.

3.86 Plastisizer: a material used to ke ep plastic material soft and viscous.

3.87 Plastisol: a coat ing that is a liquid dispersion of small pa rticles of resins and plastisizers that are fu sed to become a plastic.

3.88 Porous Substrate: a substrate wh ose surface does not prev ent penetration by water, including but not limited to, pa per, paperboard, an d any paper product coated with a porous material.

3.89 Process Ink: in printing, the hues: yellow, magenta, and cy an, plus black in the four-color pr int process.

3.90 Proof Press: a press used only for prin ting a sample copy of a graphic art product to check the quality of print, color reproduction and editorial content.

3.91 Propellant: any gas, including air, in a pressure container for expelling the contents when the pressure is released.

3.92 Publication Gravure: gravure prin ting on a substrate whic h is subsequently formed into books, magazines, catalogs , brochures, directories, newspaper supplements or other type s of printed materials.

3.93 Removable Press Component: a part, co mponent, or accessory of a press that is physically attached to the press but is disassembled and removed from the press prior to being cleaned. Ro llers, blankets, metering rolle rs, fountains, impression cylinders and plates shall not be considered as re movable press components.

3.94 Repair Cleaning: a solvent cleaning operation or activity carried out during a repair process.

3.95 Repair Process: the process of re turning a damaged object or an object not operating properly to good condition.SJVUAPCD 4607- 11 12/18/2008 3.96 Research and Development: a facility or portion thereof used to further the development of useful mate rials, devices, systems, or methods, including, but not limited to, design, development, and improvement of prototypes and processes. Research and developmen t does not include the manufacturing process itself.

3.97 Resists: inks that are screen printed to form the re quired patterns , alphabets, numerals, designs, or symbol s on the surface of the subs trate; protect the screen printed or covered surface fr om the subsequent application of etching or plating solution; and are later removed from the substrate by a resist stripper. Resist applications include, but are not limited to, etched electronic circuits, display screens, chemical milling of pa rts, nameplates and signage.

3.98 Roll Coater: a type of application eq uipment in which a series of mechanical rollers form a thin coating film on the su rface of a roller, which is subsequently applied to a substrate by moving the substrate unde rneath the roller.

3.99 Roller Wash: a solvent used to re move ink from the rollers of a press.

3.100 SCAQMD: South Coast Air Quality Management District.

3.101 Screen Printing: a commercial and i ndustrial printing tech nique which involves the passage of a printing medium, such as ink, through a taut web or fabric to

which a refined form of sten cil has been applied. Th e stencil openi ngs determine the form and dimension of the imprint.

3.102 Screen Printing Metallic Ink: an ink used in screen printing that contains greater than 50 grams of elemental metal per lite r (0.4 lb/gal) of ink as applied.

3.103 Sign Ink/Coating: an ink or coating used in screen printing indoor and outdoor signs (excluding stru ctural components) and murals , including lettering enamels, poster colors, copy blockers, and bu lletin enamels.

3.104 Solvent: as defined in Rule 4663 (Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage, and Disposal).

3.105 Solvent Flushing: the use of a solv ent to remove uncured adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings, or contaminants fr om the internal surfaces and passages of equipment by flushing solvent, by a non-atomized solvent flow, through the equipment.

3.106 Specialty Flexographic Printing: a flexographic printing on pol yethylene or polypropylene food packaging, fertilizer ba gs, or liquid-tight food containers.SJVUAPCD 4607- 12 12/18/2008 3.107 Specialty Gravure Printing: printi ng that uses th e gravure proces s for production

of wall and floor co vering, decorated househ old paper pro ducts such as towels and tissues, cigarette filter tips, vinyl upholstery, woodgrains , and a wide variety of other products.

3.108 Specialty Ink: an ink that is applie d only on non-porous substr ates in flexographic printing operations , and is either:

3.108.1 a metallic ink that contains at least 28 percent elemental metallic powder, by weight; or

3.108.2 a matte finish ink containing at least 5 percent silicon dioxide flattening agent, by weight.

3.109 Stationary Source: as defined in Rule 2201 (New and Modified Stationary Source Review Rule).

3.110 Stereolithography: a type of printi ng process that employs a system using a light to solidify photocurable resins in a desired configuration in order to produce a 3-dimensional object.

3.111 Stripping: the use of solvent to remove material such as cured adhesives, cured inks, cured or dried paint, cured or dried paint resi due or temporary protective coating.

3.112 Substrate Reten tion Factor: a fraction, expressed in percent, of VOCs in lithographic inks which is retained in th e substrate when the inks dry by adsorption or absorption.

3.113 Surface Preparation: the removal of contaminants from a surface prior to the application of coatings, inks , or adhesives or before pr oceeding to the next step of a manufacturing process.

3.114 Thermography: a digital printing t echnology that creates an image via a

chemical reaction that occu rs when portions of a ther mal-coated substrate are subjected to heat. Thermographic tec hnologies include but are not limited to thermal wax transfer, multi-bit thermal wax transfer, and dye sublimation.

3.115 Thinner: a solvent that is used to d ilute coatings or inks to reduce viscosity, color strength, and solids, or to modify drying conditions.

3.116 Ultraviolet (UV) Ink: an ink which dries by polymerization reaction by

ultraviolet or electron beam radiation.SJVUAPCD 4607- 13 12/18/2008 3.117 Viscosity Reducer: an or ganic solvent which is added to an adhesive, coating or

ink to make it more fluid.

3.118 Volatile Organic Compo unds (VOCs): as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions).

3.119 Wash Primer: a material used to clean and/or to activate surfaces of paper or

fabric that contai ns no more than 5 percent, by weight, solid materials.

3.120 Waste Solvent Material: any solv ent which may contain dirt, oil, metal particles, sludge, and/or waste products, or wiping material containing VOCs including, but not limited to, paper, cloth, sponge, rag, or co tton swab used in organic solvent cleaning.

3.121 Water Slide Decal: a decal that is screen printed onto treated paper stoc k and is

removable from the stock by the dissolution of an underlying water- soluble

adhesive or similar carrier.

3.122 Web: a continuou s sheet of substrate.

3.123 Web Feed: an automati c system which s upplies substrates from a web.

3.124 Web Splicing Adhesive: an adhesive used to join two continuous rolls of

substrate materials.

3.125 Wipe Cleaning: a solvent cleani ng activity performed by hand rubbing an

absorbent material such as a rag, paper, s ponge, brush, or cotton swab containing solvent.

4.0 Exemptions

4.1 The requirements of this rule, except for the recordkeeping requirements of Section 6.1, shall not apply to the following operations:

4.1.1 Effective until December 31, 2009, any graphic arts printing operation which emits less than 400 pounds of VOC per calendar month.

4.1.2 On and after January 1, 2010 any graphic arts printing operation that emits less than 200 pounds of VOC per 12 rolling consecutive calendar

months.

4.1.3 Blanket repair materials used in c ontainers of four (4) fluid ounces or

less.

4.1.4 Digital printers and di gital printing operations.SJVUAPCD 4607- 14 12/18/2008 4.2 The exemptions in Section 4.1 shall not apply to paper, film, foil, or fabric coating operations as de fined in Section 3.0.

4.3 The requirements of this rule shall not apply to:

4.3.1 Proof presses;

4.3.2 Aerosol adhesives;

4.3.3 The application of co atings and use of cleaning solvents in creating fine arts paintings;

4.3.4 Stripping of cured co atings, cured adhesives, and cured inks, except the stripping of such materials from spray application equipment;

4.3.5 Cleaning operations in printing pre-press or graphic arts pre-press areas, including the cleaning of film processors, color scanners, plate processors, film cleaning, and plate cleaning.

4.4 The provisions of Section 5.5 shall not apply to the a pplication of coatings via aerosol products, as de fined in Section 3.0.

4.5 The VOC content limits of Table 7 shall not apply to cleaning in laboratory tests and analyses, or bench scale or re search and development projects.

5.0 Requirements

5.1 Graphic Arts Printing Operation

An operator performing a gr aphic arts printing operation, not subject to Section 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, or 5.5, sh all not use graphic arts mate rials in excess of the VOC content limits in Table 1 and Table 2, in accordance with the corresponding

effective date.SJVUAPCD 4607- 15 12/18/2008 Table 1

VOC Content Limits for Inks , Coatings, and Adhesives

Material Grams of VOC per liter (lb/gal), less water and less exempt compounds, as applied, effective through December 31, 2009 Grams of VOC per liter (lb/gal), less water and less exempt compounds, as applied, effective on and after January 1, 2010

Flexographic Ink on Porous

Substrates Ink 300 (2.5) 225 (1.88)

All Other Inks 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5) Coatings 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5)

Adhesives 150 (1.25) 150 (1.25)
Web Splicing Adhesives 300 (2.5) 150 (1.25)

Table 2

VOC Content Limits for Fountain Solution

Fountain Solution Percent VOC by Volume, effective through December 31, 2009 Percent VOC by Volume,

effective on and after January 1, 2010
Heatset Web Offset Lithographic 8 1.6
Coldset Web Offset Lithographic 8 5.0

Sheet-fed Offset Lithographic with maximum sheet size greater

than 11 x 17 inches 8 5.0

All Other Presses 8 8.0

5.2 Flexographic Specialty Ink

5.2.1 An operator using a flexographic printing op eration shall not use a specialty ink in excess of the VOC content limit in Table 3, and shall not use more than 2 gallons of specialty inks in a calendar day and 120 gallons of specialty inks in a calendar year.SJVUAPCD 4607- 16 12/18/2008 Table 3

VOC Content Limits for Fl exographic Specialty Ink

Material Grams of VOC per liter (lb/gal), less water and less exempt compounds, as applied, effective through December 31, 2009 Grams of VOC per liter (lb/gal), less water and less exempt compounds, as applied, effective on and after January 1, 2010

Metallic Ink 485 (4.1) 460 (3.8)

Matte Finish Ink 535 (4.5) 535 (4.5)

Metallic Ink and Matte

Finish Ink on Flexible Package Printing

-- 383 (3.2)

5.2.2 On and after January 1, 2009, facilities with the potential to emit or

with actual emissions of at least 10 tons VOC in a ny calendar year shall not use specialty inks with VOC content greater than 300 grams VOC per liter, less water and exempt compounds, as applied.

5.3 Coldset Web Offset Lit hographic Fountain Solution

On and after January 1, 2010, an operator perfor ming coldset web offset lithographic printing shall use fountain soluti on with that is five percent alcohol substitute or less, by weight, and shall ha ve no alcohol in the fountain solution.

5.4 Screen Printing Operation

An operator using a screen printing operati on shall not use gra phic arts materials

in excess of the VOC content limit s, as applied, in Table 4.

Table 4

VOC Content Limits for Screen Prin ting Inks, Coatings , and Adhesives

Material Grams of VOC per liter (lb/gal), less water and less exempt compounds
Inks and Coatings 400 (3.3)

Adhesives 150 (1.25)

Resists 600 (5.0)SJVUAPCD 4607- 17 12/18/2008 5.5 Paper, Film, Foil, or Fabric Coating Operation

5.5.1 An operator using a paper, film, foil, or fabric coating operation shall not use any coating or wash primer in excess of the VOC content limits, as applied, in Table 5.

Table 5 VOC Content Limits of Paper, Film, Foil, or Fabric Coating and Wash Primer

Material VOC Content Limit. Effective through December 31, 2009 VOC Content Limit. Effective on and after January 1, 2010

Coating 265 gm/liter (2.2 lb/gal) of coating, less water and exempt compounds 265 gm/liter (2.2 lb/gal) of coating, less water and exempt compounds

Wash Primer 265 gm/liter (2.2 lb/gal) of

material 265 gm/liter (2.2 lb/gal) of

material

Plastisols

--- 20 gm/liter (0.16 lb/gal)

5.5.2 On and after January 1, 2010, an operator perf orming pressure sensitive tape and label surface coating operations shall not use any VOC content

materials or combinations of mate rials that exceed a VOC content of either 0.20 kg of VOC/kg of solid s (0.20 lb VOC/lb of solids), as applied, or an additional limit of 0.067 kg VOC/kg of coating (0.067 lb of VOC/lb of coating), as applied.

5.6 Approved VOC Emission Control System

5.6.1 Heatset Web Offset Li thographic or Letterpress

On and after January 1, 2010, an operator performing h eatset web offset lithographic or letterpress printing that ha s greater than 25 t py potential to emit prior to controls shall use an add-on cont rol device, on the dryers, as follows:

5.6.1.1 Heatset web offset lithographic or letterpress printer control device installed prior to December 31, 2 008 shall have an overall capture control efficiency of 90%.

5.6.1.2 Heatset web offset lithographic or letterpress printer control device installed after December 31, 2008 sha ll have an overall capture control efficiency of 95%.SJVUAPCD 4607- 18 12/18/2008 5.6.2 In lieu of compliance w ith Sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, or 5.8 an operator may use a VOC emission contro l system. The VOC emission control system must meet all of the following requirements:

5.6.2.1 The VOC emission control system shall be approved, in writing, by the

APCO.

5.6.2.2 During continuous operation, not to exceed 24 hours, the VOC emission control system shall ha ve a minimum overall VOC capture and control efficiency as specified in Table 6, in accordance with the corresponding effective date;

Table 6 VOC Emission Control System Overa ll Capture and C ontrol Efficiency

Process Overall VOC capture and control efficiency %, by weight, effective through December 31, 2009 Overall VOC capture and control efficiency %, by weight, effective on and

after January 1, 2010

Flexible Package Printing (All Technologies) 67% 80%

Publication Gravure 75% 85%
Other Printing Operations 67% 75%

Paper, Film, Foil, or Fabric Coating Operations 86% 90%

5.6.2.3 The collection system shall vent all drying oven exha ust to the control

device and shall have one or more inlets for collection of fugitive
emissions; and

5.6.2.4 The VOC emission control system shall reduce VOC emissions, at all times, to a level that is not great er than the emissions which would have been achieved through the use of compliant materials, compliant equipment or compliant work practices in Sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4,
5.5, 5.7, or 5.8.SJVUAPCD 4607- 19 12/18/2008 5.7 Coating Application Equipment

No operator shall apply coatings unle ss coatings are applied with equipment operated according to manufact urer's specifications, a nd only by the use of one of the following types of coati ng application equipment:

5.7.1 Flow coater,

5.7.2 Roll coater,

5.7.3 Dip coater,

5.7.4 Foam coater,

5.7.5 Die coater,

5.7.6 Hand applica tion methods, or

5.7.7 High-volume, low- pressure (H VLP) spray for air dried coatings

5.7.7.1 For HVLP spray guns manufactured prior to January 1, 1996, the end user shall demonstrate that the gun meets HVLP spray equipment standards. Satisfactor y proof will be either in the form of manufacturer's published technical material or by a demonstration using a certif ied air pressure tip gauge, measuring the air atomizing pressure dynamically at the center of the air cap and at the air horns.

5.7.7.2 A person shall not sell or offer for sale for use within the District any HVLP spray gun without a permanent marking denoting the maximum inlet air pr essure in psig at which the gun will operate within the para meters specified in Section

3.0.

5.7.8 Other coating applic ation methods which are demonstrated to the APCO to be capable of achiev ing at least 65 percent transfer efficiency as

determined in accordance with Secti on 6.4. Prior written approval from

the APCO shall be obtained fo r each alternativ e method used.

5.7.9 In lieu of complying with Sect ions 5.6.1 through 5.6. 8, an operator may control emissions from the coating application equipment with a VOC emission control system that meets the requirements of Section 5.6.SJVUAPCD 4607- 20 12/18/2008 5.8 Organic Solvent Cleaning

5.8.1 An operator shall not use organic solvents for cleani ng operations that exceed the VOC content limits specifi ed in Table 7 in accordance with the corresponding effective date.

Table 7

VOC Content Limits for Solvent Cleaning

Type of Solvent Cleaning Operation VOC Content

Limit Grams of

VOC/liter of material (lb/gal), effective through

December 31,

2009 VOC Content

Limit Grams of

VOC/liter of material (lb/gal),

effective on and after January 1,

2010

A. Product Cleaning During Ma nufacturing Process; or Surface Preparation for Coating, Ink, or Adhesive Application 25 (0.21) 25 (0.21)
B. Repair and Maintenance Cl eaning 25 (0.21) 25 (0.21)

C. Cleaning of Coating or Ad hesive Application Equipment 25 (0.21) 25 (0.21)
D. Cleaning of Ink Appli cation Equipment

1. General 25 (0.21) 25 (0.21)
2. Flexographic Printi ng 25 (0.21) 25 (0.21)
3. Specialty Flexographic Printing 100 (0.83) 100 (0.83)

4. Gravure Printing

4.1 Publication 100 (0.83) 100 (0.83)

4.2 Packaging 25 (0.21) 25 (0.21)
5. Lithographic (Offset) or Letterpress Printing
5.1 Roller Wash – Step 1 500 (4.2) 100 (0.83)
5.2 Roller Wash – Step 2; Roller Wash – not specified; Blanket Wash, and On-Press Components 500 (4.2) 100 (0.83)
5.3 Removable Press Components 25 (0.21) 25 (0.21)
6. Screen Printing 500 (4.2) 100 (0.83)

7. Ultraviolet Ink/Electron Beam Ink Application Equipment (except screen printing) 650 (5.4) 100 (0.83)SJVUAPCD 4607- 21 12/18/2008 5.8.2 An operator performing the fo llowing cleaning operati ons from Table 7 outside of an APCO-approved VOC emission control system and using solvent with VOC content greater than 25 g/L shall meet the requirements of Sections 5.8.3 through 5.8.5, in addition to meeting the applicable VOC conten t limits of Table 7.

5.8.3 Solvent Cleaning Methods

Cleaning activities that us e solvents with VOC content greater than 25 grams per liter of material shall be performed by one or more of the following methods:

5.8.3.1 Wipe cleaning; or

5.8.3.2 Application of solvent from hand-held spray bottles from which solvents are dispensed without a propellant-induced force; or

5.8.3.3 Non-atomized solvent fl ow method in whic h the cleaning

solvent is collected in a contai ner or a collection system which is closed except for solvent collection openings and, if necessary, openings to avoid exce ssive pressure build-up inside the container; or

5.8.3.4 Solvent flushing method in which the cleaning solvent is discharged into a container that is closed except for solvent collection openings and, if necessary, openings to avoid excessive pressure build-up in side the container. The discharged solvent from the equi pment must be collected into containers without atomizing into the open air. The solvent may be flushed through the syst em by air or hydraulic pressure, or by pumping.

5.8.4 Solvent shall not be atomized in to the open air unless it is vented to a VOC emission control system that co mplies with Section 5.6. This provision shall not apply to printi ng operations where the roller or blanket wash is applied automatically and the cleaning of nozzle tips of automated spray equipment systems, except for robotic systems, and cleaning with spray bottles or contai ners described in Section 5.8.3.2.SJVUAPCD 4607- 22 12/18/2008 5.8.5 An operator shall not use VOC -containing material s to clean spray equipment used for the application of coatings, adhesives, or ink, unless an enclosed system or e quipment that is proven to be equally effective at controlling emissions is used for cleaning. If an enclosed system is used, it must totally enclose spray guns, cups, nozzles, bowls , and other parts during washing, rinsing and draining procedures, and it must be used according to the manufacturer’s reco mmendations and must be closed

when not in use.

5.8.6 In lieu of complying with the VOC content limits of Table 7 or the provisions of Sections 5.8.3 through 5.8.5, an operator may control emissions from cleaning operations with an APCO-approved VOC emission control system that meets the requirements of Section 5.6.

5.9 Organic Solvent Disposal and Storage

An operator shall store or dispose of fresh or spent solv ents, waste solvent cleaning materials, coatings , adhesives, catalysts, th inners, and ink in closed, non-absorbent and non-leaking c ontainers. The c ontainers shall re main closed at all times except when depositing or removi ng the contents of the containers or when the container is empty.

5.10 Work Practices

An operator shall properly use and prope rly operate all graphic arts printing technologies as directed and/or specifie d by the manufacturer of the printer or graphic arts material.

6.0 Administrativ e Requirements

6.1 Recordkeeping

An operator subject to the provisions of this rule, including stationary sources exempt pursuant to Sections 4.1 shall maintain the following records on-site for a minimum of five years, and make r ecords available to the APCO, ARB, and EPA upon request:

6.1.1 Materials List

Maintain a current file documenting coatings, i nks, adhesives, fountain solutions, wash primers, and solvents in use and in storage. The file shall include a material safety data sheet (MSDS) or product data sheet showing the material name, manuf acturer's name, VOC content as applied, specific mixing in structions, and density.SJVUAPCD 4607- 23 12/18/2008 6.1.2 Compliant Materials Records

If only compliant materials in Sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, or Table 7 are used to comply with the rule:

6.1.2.1 Record, on a monthly basis, the type and amount of all inks used according to one of the following methods:

6.1.2.1.1 Group the quantity of all inks used and identify the

maximum VOC content and use the minimum density of 1,010 gm/lite r (8.44 lb/gal); or

6.1.2.1.2 Report process inks a nd pantone inks separately and use specific VOC content a nd density value for each process ink, and the highest VOC content and the minimum density of 1,010 gm /liter (8.44 lb/gal) for pantone inks; or

6.1.2.1.3 Report process inks a nd pantone inks separately and

use the maximum VOC content and minimum density value for both pro cess and pantone inks, or use the density of 1,010 gm/liter (8.44 lb/gal) for pantone inks; or

6.1.2.1.4 Itemize each ink and pantone ink and use the specific VOC content and density value for each.

6.1.2.2 Record, on a monthly basi s, the type and amount of each coating, adhesive, wash primer , and solvent (including cleaning solvent) used.

6.1.2.3 Record, on a monthly basi s, the type, amount, and percent VOC by volume of fountain solution used.

6.1.3 Noncompliant Materials Records

If noncompliant materials are used, and compliance with the rule is achieved through Section 5.6, the operat or shall record, on a daily basis, the type and amount of a ll inks, coatings, adhesi ves, fountain solutions, wash primers, and solvents (inclu ding non-compliant cl eaning solvent)

used.SJVUAPCD 4607- 24 12/18/2008 6.1.4 Records for Flexographic Specialty Inks

If flexographic specialty inks are used pursuant to Section 5.2, record, on a daily basis, the type and am ount of each specialty ink used.

6.1.5 VOC Emission Cont rol System Records

An operator using a VOC emission c ontrol system pursuant to Section 5.6 as a means of comply ing with this rule sha ll maintain daily records of key system operating parameters to demonstrate continuous operation and compliance of the VOC emission control system during periods of emission-producing activities.

6.1.6 Digital Printing Records

6.1.6.1 On and after Ja nuary 1, 2010, operators shall keep records, in accordance with Section 6.1.6.2, for each digital printer that:

6.1.6.1.1 Uses solv ent-based inks and ha s a print capacity of
1,000 ft 2 /hr or more, or

6.1.6.1.2 Uses wate r-based inks, or UV inks and has a print capacity of 10,000 ft 2 /hr or more,

6.1.6.2 Operators with printers Subj ect to Section 6.1.6.1 shall keep the following records:

6.1.6.2.1 A current file of i nks, coatings, adhesives, and solvents in use and in storag e. The file shall include a MSDS or product data sh eet showing the material
name, manufacturer's na me, VOC content as applied, specific mixing in structions, and density.

6.1.6.2.2 Monthly records of the type, and amount of each ink, coating, and/or adhesive used.

6.1.6.2.3 Monthly records of the type, and amount of solvent used for thinning the ink, coating, or adhesive, and for cleaning.SJVUAPCD 4607- 25 12/18/2008 6.2 Compliance Statement

The manufacturer of inks, coatings, adhesives, fountain solutions, wash primers, and solvents which are sold for use in graphi c arts printing operations, and paper, film, and foil or fabric coating operations within the District shall include a designation in the MSDS or prod uct data sheet to in clude the material name, manufacturer's name, specific mixing instruction, VOC content, and density.

6.3 Determination of VOC Emissions from Inks Used in a Lithographic Printing Operation

For the purposes of determining co mpliance with emissions limits, and determining eligibility for exemption under Section 4.1 of this rule, the amount

of VOC emitted from heatset and non-heatse t inks used shall be discounted by the following substrate retention factors: 20 percent for heatset inks and 95 percent for non-heatset inks. These substrate retention factors shall not be used when determining compliance of inks with applicable VOC content limits specified in this rule, a nd heatset and non-heatset li thographic inks shall meet the VOC content limits specified in Section 5.1, Table 1.

6.4 Test Methods

The VOC content of materials subject to the provisions of this rule and overall capture and control efficiency of VOC emission control systems shall be determined by the following test methods specified in Sections 6.4.1 through 6.4.9, or alternative test methods approved by the APCO, EPA, and ARB.

6.4.1 Except for UV inks, the VOC content of printing inks, adhesives, fountain solutions, solvents and coa tings shall be de termined by using EPA Method 24 or 24A as applicable . The VOC content of UV inks, except for thin film UV inks, sh all be determined by using ASTM D5403-93 (2007) (Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials).

6.4.2 Exempt Compound Content: Exempt compound content shall be determined by using ARB Met hod 432, “Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1, 1-Trichlorethane in Pa ints and Coatings,” September 12, 1989; ARB Method 422 “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Emission from Stationary Sources,” January 22, 1987; or, SCAQMD Method 303-91 “Determination of Exempt Compounds,” August 1, 1996.SJVUAPCD 4607- 26 12/18/2008 6.4.3 The content of silic on dioxide as a flattening ag ent in a matte finish ink shall be determined by using the la test EPA approved revision of ASTM D717-86 (Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Magnesium Silicate Pigment).

6.4.4 The metal content of metallic inks shall be determined by SCAQMD Test Method 318, (Determination of We ight Percent Elem ental Metal In Coatings by X-Ray Diffraction).

6.4.5 Determination of emi ssions of VOC from spray gun cleaning sy stems shall be made using SCAQMD me thod "General Test Method for Determining Solvent Losses from Spray Gun Clea ning Systems," Oc tober 3, 1989.

6.4.6 The transfer efficiency of alternat ive coating application methods shall be

determined in acc ordance with the SCAQMD method “Spray Equipment Transfer Efficiency Test Procedure for Equipment User,” May 24, 1989.

6.4.7 Determination of Overall Capt ure and Control Efficiency of VOC Emission Control Systems

6.4.7.1 The capture efficiency of a VOC emission control system’s collection device(s) shall be determined according to EPA’s “Guidelines for Determining Ca pture Efficiency,” January 9, 1995 and 40 CFR 51, Appendix M, Test Me thods 204-204F, as applicable.

6.4.7.2 The control efficiency of a VOC emission control system’s VOC control device(s) shall be determined using EPA Test Methods 2, 2A, or 2D for meas uring flow rates and EPA Test Methods 25, 25A, or 25B for m easuring total gaseous organic

concentrations at the inlet and ou tlet of the control device(s).

EPA Method 18 or ARB Method 422 shall be used to determine the emissions of exempt compounds.6.4.7.3 For VOC emissi on control systems that consist of a single VOC

emission collection device connect ed to a single VOC emission control device, the overall captur e and control efficiency shall be calculated by using the following equation:

CE Capture and Control = [ CE Capture x CE Control ] / 100

Where:

CE Capture and Control = Overall Capture and Control Efficiency, in

percent
CE Capture = Capture Effi ciency of the collection device, in percent, as dete rmined in Section

6.4.8.1.

CE Control = Control Efficien cy of the control device, in percent, as determined in Section 6.4.8.2.

6.4.7.4 The following equation shall be used to determine if the minimum required overall capture a nd control efficiency of an emission control system is at an equivalent or greater level of

VOC reduction as would be achieve d using compliant materials, equipment, or work practices, as stated in Section 5.6.2.4.



# ( ) 

# ( ) CE = 1 - VOC

VOC x 1 - VOC / D

1 - c VOC / D x 100 LWc

LWn, LWn, n,

LW c Max Max Max 

## ⎛
⎝ ⎜ ⎞
⎠

⎟ ⎡

⎣ ⎢ ⎤

⎦

⎥

Where:

CE = Minimum Required Overall Capture and Control Efficiency, percent

VOC LWc = VOC Limit, less water and less exempt compounds

VOC LWn,Max = Maximum VOC content of noncompliant ink (or coating or adhesive ) used in conjunction with a control device, less water and less exempt compounds

SJVUAPCD 4607- 27 12/18/2008SJVUAPCD 4607- 28 12/18/2008 D n,Max = Density of solvent, reducer, or thinner contained in the noncompliant ink (or coating or adhesive), contai ning the maximum VOC content of the multi-comp onent ink (or coating, or adhesive) printing line

D c = Density of corresponding solvent, reducer, or thinner used in the compliant ink (or coating, or adhesive) system = 880 gm/liter.

7.0 Compliance Schedule

The operator who becomes subject to the emission limits/standa rds of this rule through loss of exemption in Section 4.0 shall not operate the subject equipment, except as required for obtaining a new or modified Permit-to-Operate, until the operator demonstrates that the operation is in full co mpliance with the requirements of this rule.