# Patent

## Title
Neighbor discovery using address registration protocol over ELMI

## Abstract

A system and method for mapping a network to facilitating configuration is disclosed. Address registration information is appended to an enhanced local management interface message sent between devices in a network of routers and switches. A network management system for an outside network can use that information to map out the network and configure the network as needed. The address registration information includes an Internet Protocol address and an interface index. The interface index includes both slot and port number.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The field of the invention relates to the configuration of router and switch networks.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Currently, when a network management system (NMS) configures a router network, the NMS cannot configure any part of the network not made up of routers. Any switches that connect a router from one router network to a different router from another router network are often not recognizable to a local area network (LAN) management system (LMS). Similarly, any routers connected to a switch from a switch network are often not recognizable to the wide area network (WAN) management system (WMS) that manages the switch network. This separation creates a requirement that two separate network management systems be used to configure a cross network system. Additionally, if a switch-to-switch connection is damaged, an LMS usually cannot determine where the problem is and has little ability to reroute the connection around the damaged connection. The converse is true in that a WMS has difficulty determining router-to-router connection damage and reroute around the connection.
In identifying switches and routers, much of the difficulty arises is in the presence of slots and ports. A typical midrange WAN switch can contain up to 32 slots. While two of those slots are reserved for other purposes, up to thirty slots are available to be filled with communication cards. These communication cards contain several ports. Each of these ports can create a different connection between the switch and another communication device. The number of slots and ports can be higher or lower depending upon the model. Routers have a similar set up. The lack of knowledge about which slot and which port is being used is what makes communication between the LMS and the switches or between the WMS and the routers difficult.
Because the LMS often has no knowledge of intervening switches, one prior art way to set up a connection between two routers in two separate networks is to follow an inefficient multi-step process. First, all the routers in the first network must be set up using either a command line interface (CLI) at the router or by using the appropriate graphical user interface (GUI) at the first network's LMS. Secondly, the proper switch universal frame relay module (UFM) to UFM frame relay connection must be established using a CLI at the switch or by using a WMS. Finally, a data connection link identifier (DCLI) between the UFM and the each external router must be set up through the LMS of either network or a CLI. As shown, this method is not very efficient and far from user friendly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A system is described that includes a network of routers. A local area network management system manages and configures the network of routers. The system also includes a network of switches. A wide area network management system manages and configures the network of switches. A connection connects a first router of the network of routers to a first switch of the network of switches. Address registration information is appended to a message sent between the first router and the first switch over the connection.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows below.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicated similar elements and in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates in a block diagram of a router and switch network.
FIG. 2a illustrates in a block diagram of the network as seen by the LMS.
FIG. 2b illustrates in a block diagram of the network as seen by the WMS.
FIG. 3 illustrates in a flowchart the method used by the LMS to map the network.
FIG. 4 illustrates in a flowchart the method used by the WMS to map the network.
FIG. 5 illustrates in a block diagram the transaction between the router and the switch.
FIG. 6 illustrates the ELMI message with the Address Registration information appended.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A system and method are described for enabling a router and switch network to be mapped by a single network management system (NMS). The embodiments allow the NMS to map out the network by having the individual devices append address registration information to the enhanced local management interface (ELMI) messages sent between devices. The address registration information information is passed back through the network to the NMS, which compiles the information to create an accurate map of the network. Once this map of the network is complete, the NMS is able to configure the network as needed and diagnose problematic areas.
One embodiment of a router and switch network in which the address registration protocol could be implemented is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1. A first local area network (LAN) 100 can consist of a LAN Management System (LMS) 101 and a given number of routers. Additional terminals can access the LAN via these routers. The illustrated embodiment of the first LAN includes four routers: Router 1 102, Router 2 104, Router 3 106, and Router 4 108. The number of routers in the network can be increased or decreased as required. The configuration of these routers previously could be accessed by using the LMS 101, or at the individual router using a command line interface (CLI).
The first LAN 100, in one embodiment, could be connected, via a connection line 110, to a WAN 120. In an alternate embodiment, this connection is a radio connection or some type of wireless connection. In an additional embodiment, the connection is a serial or parallel cable connection. The WAN 120 can consist of a WAN Management System (WMS) 121 and a given number of switches. The illustrated embodiment of the WAN includes three switches: Switch 1 122, Switch 2 124, and Switch 3 126. The number of switches in the network can be increased or decreased as required. The configuration of these switches could be accessed by using a WMS 121 or at the switch using a CLI.
The WAN 120, in a further embodiment, could then be connected, via a second connection line 130 or a wireless connection, to a second LAN 140. The second LAN would also consist a second LMS 141 and a further group of routers. The illustrate embodiment of the second LAN includes four more routers: Router 5 142, Router 6 144, Router 7 146, and Router 8 148. The number of routers in the second LAN is not dependent on the number of routers in the first LAN. The number of routers can be increased or decreased as the situation requires. The configuration of these routers previously could be accessed by using the first LMS 101, the second LMS 141, or at the individual router using a command line interface (CLI).
The way that a network management system currently views a router and server network is illustrated in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b. FIG. 2a illustrates how an LMS 101 views a router network. The first LMS 101 is able to access any of the routers in the first LAN 100. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the LAN 100 is connected at Router 3 106 to Switch 1 122 of the WAN 120. While the LMS 101 is able recognize that Router 3 106 is connected to something, the LMS 101 is unable to distinguish what the router 106 is connected to. In a further embodiment, Router 6 144 of the second LAN 140 is connected to the WAN via a connection 130 with Switch 2 124, as shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2a, the first LMS 101 is able to recognize Router 6 144. However, the first LMS is unable to recognize how Router 3 106 and Router 6 144 are connected. Through Router 6 144, the first LMS 101 can access any of the routers in the second LAN 140. Conversely, the second LMS 141 can access any of the routers in the first LAN 100 through Router 3.
FIG. 2b illustrates how a WMS 121 currently views a network. The WMS 121 is able to recognize the switches present in the WAN 120. The WMS 121 can also recognize that the switches are connected to something outside the WAN 120. However, the WMS is unable to recognize what the switches are connected to. This makes configuring the network and curing connection problems difficult.
The address registration information will make it possible for a NMS to determine what switches and routers configure the network. One embodiment of this method, as applied to an LMS, is illustrated by the flowchart in FIG. 3. A switch 122 in the WAN 120 appends address registration information to a message at block 300. In one embodiment, the message is an ELMI message. The switch 122 then sends the message to a router 106 in the LAN at block 310. The message can be sent when one of the networks is first configured or after a change in configuration has occurred. In a further embodiment, the message can be sent every ten minutes, or some other set interval of time, to monitor the configuration. The router 106 will then pass this address information on to the LMS at block 320. The LMS 101 uses this information to map out the network at block 330. Once the network has been mapped out, the LMS 101 can then configure the entire network as desired at block 340.
A converse embodiment, allowing the system to be mapped and configured by a WMS, is illustrated by a flowchart in FIG. 4. A router 144 appends address registration information to a message at block 400. Again, in one embodiment, the message is an ELMI message and the timing and frequency of the message can be tailored to suit the circumstances. The router 144 sends the message to a switch 124 in the WAN at block 410. The switch 124 passes the address information on to the WMS at block 420. The WMS 121 uses this information to map out the network at block 430. Once the network has been mapped, the WMS 121 can then configure the network as desired at block 440. Usually, the LMS is more familiar to the management information systems (MIS) administrators who will be configuring the network. Therefore, the LMS is more likely than the WMS to be used for configuration purposes.
FIG. 5 illustrates the transaction of address information between switches and routers, in one embodiment. The router 106 appends address registration information to a message 500 being sent to the switch 122. The switch 122 appends address registration information to a message 510 being sent to the router 106. Each switch contains a management information base (MIB). Once the router has acquired the proper address information from Switch 1 122, the LMS 101 can access the MIB in that switch 122. Using this information, the LMS can then access the MIB of the switches 124 and 126 connected to Switch 1 122. The LMS then accesses each of the adjacent switches 124 and 126. In this way, the LMS builds a map of the entire switch network of the WAN.
One embodiment of the datapacket used to send address information is illustrated in FIG. 6. An ELMI message 600 is normally sent between the routers and the switches to coordinate management of the ports and connections of the network. Other messages can be used in place of an ELMI message. Address registration information is appended onto the message. In one embodiment, the address registration includes an address registration (AR) status 610, an interface index (ifIndex) 612, and an Internet protocol (IP) address 614 to facilitate the ability of an outside NMS to map and configure the network. In a further embodiment, the ifIndex includes a port number and a slot number. In one embodiment, the AR status alerts the inquiring device what the status of the address registration is for the device being inquired. The AR status currently signals four messages. ELMI AR messages disabled on the interface, represented in this embodiment by binary 00, indicates the router/switch are talking to a device that does not support AR. ELMI AR enabled on the interface, represented in this embodiment by binary 01, indicates IFindex and IP address can be used to specify the link between the switch and the router. Additionally, the AR status can indicate, in this embodiment by binary 10, a valid IP address and Ifindex are configured on the interface, but the user disabled exchange of IP address and Ifindex with the neighbor. The user does this typically for security reasons. Asynchronous Version status message, represented in this embodiment by binary 11, indicates when the IP address or Ifindex is changed on the switch side. Normally the Address Registration information is exchanged at default intervals. Rather than wait for the default interval, this type of message indication can be sent with the new values to take effect immediately. In an additional embodiment, a few spare bytes 616 are included in the address registration information. These spare bytes can be used for error checking or if some expansion of the information contained in the address registration information is required.
In a further embodiment, the ELMI provides an infrastructure enabling an exchange of information between the routers and the WMS or switches and the LMS. Traffic shaping information can be passed on from the router to the WMS, which then uses that information to deduce appropriate values for traffic shaping on that router's adjacent connected switch.
The method described above can be stored in the memory of a computer system or network (e.g., set top box, video recorders, etc.) as a set of instructions to be executed. The instructions to perform the method described above could alternatively be stored on other forms of machine-readable media, including magnetic and optical disks. For example, the method of the present invention could be stored on machine-readable media, such as magnetic disks or optical disks, which are accessible via a disk drive (or computer-readable medium drive). Further, the instructions can be downloaded into a computing device over a data network in a form of compiled and linked version.
Alternatively, the logic to perform the methods as discussed above, could be implemented by additional computer and/or machine readable media, such as discrete hardware components as large-scale integrated circuits (LSI's), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC's), firmware such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM's); and electrical, optical, acoustical and other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); etc.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

## Claims

1. A system, comprising:
a local area network management system managing and configuring a network of routers;
a wide area network management system managing and configuring a network of switches, the wide area network management system separate from the local area network management system; and
address registration information appended to a message sent between a router of the network of routers and a switch of the network of switches over a connection between the router and the switch, wherein the local area network management system uses the address registration information in mapping the network of switches by accessing each switch in the network of switches, wherein the mapping by the local area network management system of the network of switches comprises:
acquiring the address registration information from the router when the message is received at the router from the switch;
accessing a management information base (MIB) associated with the switch using the address registration information;
accessing other MIBs, each of the other MIBs associated with one of other switches of the network of switches, using the MIB associated with the switch from which the message is sent; and
building a map of entire switches of the network of switches based upon accessing each of the other switches;

wherein the local area network management system configures the network of switches when the map of entire switches of the network of switches is built from the local area network management system.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the address registration information comprises an interface index.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the interface index comprises a slot number from which the message was sent.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the interface index comprises a port number from which the message was sent.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the address registration information comprises an Internet Protocol address.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the address registration information is sent in a data packet, wherein the data packet comprises spare bytes.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the message is an enhanced local management interface message.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the message is sent when the network of switches and the network of routers are first configured.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the message is sent when the network of switches or the network of routers has a change in configuration.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the message is sent at a regular interval.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the switch is to send the message to the router before the switch receives a request for the address registration information from the router.

12. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
appending address registration information to a message;
sending the message between a router of a router network and a switch of a switch network, the router network controlled by a local area network management system and the switch network controlled by a wide area network management system separate from the local area network management system;
mapping, using the address registration information, the router network from the wide area network management system, by accessing each router in the router network, wherein the mapping comprises:
acquiring the address registration information from the switch when the message is received at the switch from the router;
accessing a management information base (MIB) associated with the router using the address registration information;
accessing other MIBs, each of the other MIBs associated with one of other routers of the router network, using the MIB associated with the router from which the message is sent; and
building a map of entire routers of the router network based upon accessing each of the other routers; and

configuring the router network using the wide area network management system when the map of entire routers of the router network is built from the wide area network management system.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the router is to send the message to the switch before the router receives a request for the address registration information from the switch.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the address registration information comprises an Internet Protocol address.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the address registration information comprises an interface index.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the interface index comprises a slot number from which the message was sent.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the interface index comprises a port number from which the message was sent.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the address registration information is sent in a data packet, wherein the data packet comprises spare bytes.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the message is an enhanced local management interface message.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the message is sent when the network of switches and the network of routers are first configured.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the message is sent when the network of switches or the network of routers has a change in configuration.

22. The method of claim 13, wherein the message is sent at a regular interval.

23. A machine-readable non-transitory storage medium storing a sequence of instructions executable by the machine to perform operations comprising:
appending address registration information to a message;
sending the message between a router of a router network and a switch of a switch network, the router network controlled by a local area network management system and the switch network controlled by a wide area network management system separate from the local area network management system;
mapping, using the address registration information, the router network at the wide area network management system by accessing each router in the router network, wherein the mapping comprises:
acquiring the address registration information from the switch when the message is received at the switch from the router;
accessing a management information base (MIB) associated with the router using the address registration information;
accessing other MIBs, each of the other MIBs associated with one of other routers of the router network, using the MIB associated with the router from which the message is sent; and
building a map of entire routers of the router network based upon accessing each of the other routers; and

configuring the router network using the wide area network management system when the map of entire routers of the router network is built from the wide area network management system.

24. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 23, wherein the address registration information comprises an Internet Protocol address.

25. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 23, wherein the address registration information comprises an interface index.

26. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 25, wherein the interface index comprises a slot number from which the message was sent.

27. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 25, wherein the interface index comprises a port number from which the message was sent.

28. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 23, wherein the address registration information is sent in a data packet, wherein the data packet comprises spare bytes.

29. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 23, wherein the message is an enhanced local management interface message.

30. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 23, wherein the message is sent when the network of switches and the network of routers are first configured.

31. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 23, wherein the message is sent when the network of switches or the network of routers has a change in configuration.

32. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 23, wherein the message is sent at a regular interval.

33. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
appending address registration information to a message;
sending the message between a router of a router network and a switch of a switch network, the router network controlled by a local area network management system and the switch network controlled by a wide area network management system separate from the local area network management system;
mapping, using the address registration information, the router network from the wide area network management system by accessing each router in the router network, wherein the mapping the router network from the wide area network management system comprises:
acquiring the address registration information from the switch when the message is received at the switch from the router;
accessing a management information base (MIB) associated with the router using the address registration information;
accessing other MIBs, each of the other MIBs associated with one of other routers of the router network, using the MIB associated with the router from which the message is sent; and
building a map of entire routers of the router network based upon accessing each of the other routers;

configuring the router network using the wide area network management system when the map of entire routers of the router network is built from the wide area network management system;
mapping, using the address registration information, the switch network at the local area network management system by accessing each switch in the switch network, wherein the mapping the switch network from the local area network management system comprises:
acquiring the address registration information from the router when the message is received at the router from the switch;
accessing a management information base (MIB) associated with the switch using the address registration information;
accessing other MIBs each associated with one of other switches of the switch network, using the MIB associated with the switch from which the message is sent; and
building a map of entire switches of the switch network based upon accessing each of the other switches; and

configuring the switch network using the local area network management system when the map of entire switches of the switch network is built from the local area network management system.