P. 1 

# PICK-UPDATE : 3/8/200 7
BO X 

# 10 O F 

# 10 Ste p 2 : FO R ASR C INTERNA

L US E ONL Y 

### (PAR T A o

f B )



# EP A DOCKE T ID : 102RQ-R N

1 ) INDE X 3 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 2 5 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 4 7 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 6 9 ) 102RQ-RN-3- 1 11 ) 102RQ-RN-3- 3 13 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 2 15 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 4 17 ) 102RQ-RN-2-2- 1 19 ) 102RQ-RN-2-3- 1 21 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 2 23 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 4 25 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 6 27 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 8 29 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4-1 0 31 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 2 33 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 4 35 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 6 37 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 8 39 ) 102RQ-RN-5- 1 Ste p 3 : FO R ASR C INTERNA L US E ONL Y 

### CD : OA : / 

# 2 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 1 4 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 3 6 ) Ci02RQ^RN-l-^ > 8 ) 102RQ-RN-1- 7 10 ) 102RQ-RN-3- 2 12 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 1 14 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 3 16 ) 102RQ-RN-2-1- 5 18 ) 102RQ-RN-2-2- 2 20 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 1 22 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 3 24 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 5 26 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 7 28 ) 102RQ-RN-2-4- 9 30 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 1 32 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 3 34 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 5 36 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 7 38 ) 102RQ-RN-4- 9 40 ) 102RQ-RN-5- 2

Ste p 1 : FO R ASR

C INTERNA L US E ONL Y 

### Are ther e more document s fo r thi s Docke t i n anothe r box ? /*YES / N O •"Fil l ou t Continuatio n Shee t an d g o t o Ste p 2
Interna l SFUN D Bo

x Numbe r 3 5 O F 28 3
Initials/Date : LDS_ / 3-8-200 7P. 2

mST 

# \oxm-Mi-i-s

Tuesda y Apri l 19 , 198 8



# Par t I I 

# Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc

y
4 0 CF R Part s 30 2 an d 35 5 Reportin g Continuou s Release s o f Hazardou s Substances ; Propose d Rul eP. 3

1286 8 ...Federa l Register

. J/ Vol

. 53 , No.v^.^ T / Propose dRule s
ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENCY 4 0 CF R Part s 30 2 an d 35 5 [FRL-3207-4 ] Reportin g Continuou s Release s of Hazardou s Substance s AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA)

. ACTION : Propose drule

. SUMMARY : Sectio n 103(a ) of th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an dLiability

. Ac t of 198 0 (CERCLA) , a s amended , require s tha t

th e perso n i n charg e o f a vesse l o r facilit y fro mwhic h a hazardou s substanc e ha s bee n release d i n aquantit y tha t

i s equa l t o o r

greate r tha n it s reportabl e quantit y (RQ ) shal l immediatel y notif

y th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r

of th e release

. Sectio n 102(b ) set s a n R Q of

on e poun dfo r hazardou s substances , excep t thos e fo r whic h RQ s hav e bee n establishe d pursuan t t o sectio n 311(b)(4 ) ofth e Clea n Wate r

Act

. Sectio n 102(a ) authorize s th e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA ) t o adjus t RQ s fo r hazardou s substance s an dt o designat e a s hazardou s substance s thos e substance s that , whe n release d int o th e environment , ma y presen t substantia l dange r

t o th e publi c healt h o r welfar e o r

th e environment

. Sectio n 103(f)(2 ) o f

CERCL A provide s relie f fro mth e reportin g requirement s o f sectio n 103(a ) fo r

areleas e of

a hazardou s substanc e tha t i s continuous , stabl e i n quantit y an drate , an deithe r i s areleas e fro mafacilit y fo r whic h notificatio n ha s bee n give n unde r sectio n 103(c ) o r

i s areleas e fo r

whic h notificatio n ha s bee n give n unde r sectio n 103(a ) fo r

aperio dsufficien t

t o establis h th e continuity , quantity , an d regularit y o f

suc h release

. Sectio n 103(f)(2 ) provide s furthe r tha t i n suc h cases , notificatio n shal l b e give n annuall y o r

a t suc h tim e a s ther e i s an y statisticall y significafi t

increas e i n th e quantit y release do f

an y hazardou s substance

. Thi s rul e present s th e Agency' s propose dinterpretatio n of th e sectio n 103(f)(2 ) reduce dreportin g requirements

. DATES : Comment s mus t b e submitte do n o r befor e Jun e 20,1988

. ADDRESSES : Th e toll-fre e telephon e numbe r o f th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r i s 1-800/424-8802 ; i n th e Washington , D C metropolita n area , th e numbe r i s 1

- 202/425-2675

. Comments: Comment s shoul db e submitte di n triplicat e to : Emergenc y Respons e Division , Superfun dDocke t Clerk , Attention : Docke t Numbe r 103(f ) CR , Roo mLG-100 , U.S

. Environmenta l

. Protectio n Agency , 40 1 M Stree t SW, , Washington , D C 20460

. Docket: Copie s of

material s relevan t t o thi s rulemakin g ar e kep t i n Roo mLG

100 , a t th e abov e address

. Th e docke t i s availabl e fo r

inspectio n betwee n 9:0 0 ' a.m
. an d4:0 0 p.m
. Monda y throug h Friday , excludin g Federa l holidays

. Appointment s t o revie w th e docke t ca n
. b e mad e b y callin g 202/382-3046

. A s provide di n 4 0 GF

RPart'2 , areasonabl e fe e (th e firs t

5 0 page s ar e fre e an deac h additiona l pag e cost s $.20 ) ma y b e charge dfo r

copyin g services

. ' FO R FURTHE R INFORMATIO N CONTACT:

. Mr

. Huber t

Watters , Projec t

Officer , Respons e Standard s an dCriteri a Branch , Emergenc y Respons e Divisio n (WH-548B) , U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 40 1 M Stree t SW* , Washington , D C 20460 ; o r th e RCRA/Superfun dHotline , 1-800/424

- 9346 ; i n Washington , DC , 1-202/382

- 3000

. SUPPLEMENTAR

Y INFORMATION : th e content s o f

today' s preambl e ar e liste d i n th e followin g outline : I

. Introductio n ' A

. Backgroun d B

. Relationshi p t

o Reportin g Under

Titl e II I C

. Current Requirement s II

. Th e Continuou s Releas e Reduce d Reportin g Requirement A

. EPA' s General Approac h B

. Ke y Concept s Include din th e Propose d Rule 1

. "Continuous " 2

. "Stabl e in Quantit

y an dRate " 3

. "For aPerio dSufficien

t to Establis h th e Continuity , Quantity , an dRegularit y o f th e Release "

- 4

. "Statisticall y Significan t Increase " 5

. Annual an dStatisticall y Significan t Increas e Reportin g III

. Regulator

y Analyse s A

. Executiv e Orde r

No

. 1229 1 B

. Regulator

y Flexibilit

y Act C

. Paperwor

k Reductio n Act I

. Introductio n A. Background Th e Comprehensiv e Environmental ' Response , Compensation , an dLiabilit y Ac t o f 198 0 (Pub

. L

. 96-510) , 4 2 U.S.C

. 960 1 et seq. (CERCL A o r

th e Act) , enacte do n Decembe r

11,1980 , an d amende db y th e Superfun dAmendment s an dReauthorizatio n Ac t o f 198 6 (SARA ) (Pub

. L

. 99-499) , establishe s broa d Federa l authorit y t o respon dt o release s o r threat s of

release s of

hazardou s substance s fro mvessel s an dfacilities

. Sectio n 101(14 ) o f

th e Ac t define s th e ter m"hazardou s substances " b y referenc e t o othe r

environmenta l statute s wit h authorit y furthe r grante d t o th e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency-(EPA ) t o designat e additiona l hazardou s substance s unde r CERCL A

. sectio n 102(a)

. Th e CERCL A lis t currentl y contain s 72 1 hazardou s substances

.

. ' Sectio n 103(a ) o f

th e Ac t require s that , a s soo n a s th e perso n i n charg e of a vesse l o r facilit y ha s knowledg e o f a
. releas e of

ahazardou s substanc e fro m suc h vesse l o r

facilit y i n aquantit y equa l t o o r

greate r tha n th e reportabl e quantit y (RQ ) fo r

tha t substance.tha t perso n shal l notif

y th e Nationa l

. Respons e Cente r

immediately

. Sectio n 102(b ) of CERCL A establishe s RQ s fo r " release s o f

hazardou s substance s a t on e

, pound , excep t

fo r thos e substance s fo r whic h RQ s wer e establishe dpursuan t t o sectio n 311(b)(4 ) of

th e Clea n Wate r

Ac t (CWA)

. Sectio n 102(a ) of CERCL A authorize s EP A t o adjus t al l of thes e RQs

. (Se e 4 0 CF

R302.4) , Sectio n 103(b ) authorize s penalties , includin g crimina l sanctions , fo r person s i n charg e of

vessel s o r

facilitie s wh o fai l t o repor t release s o f

hazardou s substance s tha t

equa l o r

excee dRQs

. Sectio n 10 9 of

SAR A amend s sectio n 103(b ) o f CERCLA , increasin g th e maximu mpenalties.an dyear s of " imprisonment

. An y perso n who , a s soo n a s tha t perso n has ' knowledg e of a reportabl e release , fail s t o repor t th e releas e immediatel y pursuan t t o sectio n 103(a ) o r wh o submit s an y informatio n tha t h e o r sh e know s t o b e fals e o r misleading , shall , upo n conviction , b e fine di n accordanc e wit h th e applicabl e provision s of

Titl e 18 , Unite dState s Cod e (no t

mor e tha n $250,00 0 o r

. $500,000 , dependin g upo n whethe r th e violato r i s a n individua l o r

a n organization) , o r

imprisone dfo r

no t mor e tha n thre e year s (o r no t mor e tha n fiv e year s fo r

secon dan dsubsequen t convictions) , o r

both

. Notification s receive dunde r

sectio n 103(a ) o r informatio n obtaine db y exploitatio n of

. suc h notification s canno t b e use d agains t an y reportin g perso n i n an y crimina l case , excep t

aprosecutio n fo r perjur y o r

fo r givin g afals e statement. ; Sectio n 10 9 o f

SAR A als o provide s fo r a syste mo f

administrativ e penaltie s for ' violation s of

CERCL A sectio n 103(a) , enforceabl e throug h civi l proceedings

. Sectio n 103(f)(2 ) of

CERCL A modifie s th e genera l notificatio n requirement s o f sectio n 10 3 fo r

certai n releases

. Release s ma y b e reporte dles s frequentl y tha n otherwis e wou| db e required , i f the y are
- "continuous " an d"stabl e i n quantit y an drate, " an dnotificatio n ha s bee n given : (1 ) Unde r

sectio n 103(a ) "fo r

a perio dsufficien t

t o establis h th e continuity , quantity , an dregularity " o fP. 4

Federa l Registe r/

/Vol, ,53 , No

. 75, 7 Tuesday , Apri l 19 , 198 8 /Propose dRule s 1286 9
th e releas e o r

(2 ) unde r

sectio n 103(c) , whic h require s notificatio n t o th e Federa l governmen t

o f th e existenc e o f certai n facilitie s tha t

ar e o r hav e bee n use dfo r storage , treatment , o r

disposa l o f hazardou s waste s bu t

d o no t hav e Resourc e Conservatio n an dRecover y Ac t (RCRA ) interi mstatu s o r apermit

. Sectio n 103(f)(2 ) pertain s onl y t o release s tha t

ar e continuou s an dstabl e i n quantit y an drate , an drequire s tha t notificatio n b e give n "annually , o r a t suc h atim e a s ther e i s an y statisticall y significan t

increase " i n th e quantit y o f th e hazardou s substanc e released

. Th e primar y functio n o f CERCLA' s notificatio n requirement s i s t o aler t

, governmen t

official s t o th e existenc e o f asituatio n tha t

ma y require , a,., . governmen t

response , t o protec t

publi c healt h o r welfar e o r

th e environment

. Th e Nationa l Respons e Center , upo n receivin g notificatio n of arelease , immediatel y alert s th e appropriat e on
scen e coordinato r

(OSC ) wh o the n evaluate s th e nee dfo r

aFedera l

. response , Becaus e episodi c release s ar e almos t alway s unanticipate dfro ma respons e perspective , the y mus t b e
. reporte da s the y occur
. Continuous : releases , o n th e othe r

hand , ar e - predictable

. Thus , instea do f

reportin g ever y releas e a s i t

occurs , th e perso n i n charg e o f avesse l o r

facilit y i s allowe dt o repor t certai n continuou s release s les s ofte n unde r

sectio n 103(f)(2)

. Th e
. purpos e o f

thi s sectio n I s t o reduc e unnecessar y releas e reporting/Whe n a releas e occur s regularl y an dii i relativel y stabl e amounts , Federa l respons e official s d o no t

hay e t o b e notifie deac h tim e suc h areleas e occur s t o hav e th e informatio n neede dt o decid e whethe r a respons e t o th e releas e i s necessary
. However , Federa l respons e authoritie s wil l continu e t o nee dsom e notificatio n • • o f thes e releases

. Sectio n 103(f)(2 ) provide s tha t

notificatio n of

continuou s release s shal l b e given : (1 ) I n a n annua l report , an d(2 ) a t

suc h time s a s ther e i s a statisticall y significan t

increas e i n th e quantit y released

. Suc h notificatio n mus t b e give n by : (1 ) Th e owne r o r operato r o f afacilit y fo r

whic h initia l notificatio n o f

th e releas e wa s provide d unde r sectio n 103(c) , o r

(2 ) th e perso n i n charg e of avesse l o r

facilit y wh o ha s provide dnotificatio n o f th e releas e unde r sectio n 103(a ) fo r

aperio d sufficien t t o establis h th e continuit y an d quantit y an dregularit y o f th e release

. Th e perso n i n charg e o f avesse l o r facility , o f

course , alway s retain s th e optio n o f continuin g t o repor t

thes e release s a s the y occu r

unde r sectio n 103(a)

. O n Ma y 25,1983 , EP A publishe da Notic e o f Propose dRulemakin g (NPRM ) (4 8 F R23552 ) t o clarif

y procedure s fo r reportin g release s an dt o adjus t RQ s fo r som e CERCL A hazardou s substances

. I n th e preambl e t o th e Ma y 25,198 3 propose drule , th e Agenc y discusse dth e reduce dreportin g requirement s fo r continuou s release s an dse t fort h a numbe r o f idea s tha t

wer e unde r consideration

. EP A specificiall y requeste dcomment s o n th e mos t feasibl e approac h fo r

continuou s releas e notification , th e informatio n t o b e required , th e criteri afo r identifyin g a statisticall y significan t

increas e i n th e release , an dan y othe r

relevan t issues

. . Th e Agenc y state da t

tha t tim e tha t

suc h

• informatio n woul denabl e i t t o develo p a syste mtha t

impose daminima l burde n o n bot h th e regulate dcommunit y an d th e government , whil e achievin g th e underlyin g statutor y objectives

. EP A receive d4 5 letter s wit h comment s o n th e reduce dreportin g requiremen t fo r continuou s releases

. Thos e comment s ar e addresse di n Sectio n II o f thi s preamble

. Th e reduce dreportin g requiremen t

fo r continuou s release s wa s discusse dagai n i n th e preambl e t o a''" fina l rul e adjustin g RQs , publishe do h Apri l 4,198 5 (5 0 F

R13456)

. EP A note d tha t du e t o th e complexit y o f th e issues , involved , th e Agenc y woul dstud y th e continuou s releas e reduce dreportin g requiremen t

furthe r an dwoul dno t promulgate , a t

tha t time , aregulatio n relate dt o continuou s releases

. I t shoul db e note dtha t

othe r provision s of

th e Ac t ma y appl y eve n wher e CERCL A doe s no t requir e notificatio n o r

provid e fo r

reduce d notificatio n requirements

. Fo r example , apart y responsibl e fo r

areleas e o f

a CERCL A hazardou s substanc e tha t i s no t afederall y permitte dreleas e i s liabl e fo r th e cost s o f

cleanin g u p tha t releas e an dfo r

an y natura l resourc e damages , eve n i

f th e releas e i s no t subjec t t o th e notificatio n requirement s o f CERCLA

. Similarly , prope r reportin g of areleas e i n accordanc e wit h sectio n 103(a ) o r sectio n 103(f)(2 ) doe s no t preclud e liabilit y fo r

cleanu p costs

. Th e fac t tha t areleas e o f

ahazardou s substanc e i s reporte dproperl y o r tha t i t i s no t subjec t t o th e notificatio n requirement s o f

CERCL A wil l no t preven t EP A o r othe r governmen t agencie s fro mseekin g reimbursemen t fo r cleanu p fro mresponsibl e partie s unde r sectio n 107 , o r

pursuin g a n enforcemen t

actio n agains t

responsibl e partie s pursuan t

t o sectio n 106

. Therefore , thi s rulemakin g shoul dno t b e interprete da s reflectin g Agenc y polic y o r th e applicabl e la w wit h respec t t o othe r provision s o f

th e Act. 1 B. Relationship

to Reporting

Under Title HI Titl e III o f

SAR A (section s 301-329 ) addresse s emergenc y plannin g an d communit y right-to-kno w an dprovides , amon g othe r

things , emergenc y an d annua l notificatio n requirement s i n additio n t o thos e include di n sectio n 10 3 of CERCLA

. EP A ha s provide d(5 2 F R 13377 , Apri l 22,1987 ; 5 2 F R38345 , Octobe r 15,1987 ; an d5 3 FR4503 , Februar y 15,1988 ) an dwil l continu e t o provid e regulation s an dguidanc e o n th e Titl e II I requirement s a s necessar y an d appropriate

. Wit h respec t

t o emergenc y notificatio n requirements , sectio n 304 o f SAR A provide s releas e reportin g requirement s tha t

paralle l th e requirement s o f

sectio n 103(a ) bu t

ar e intende dt o mak e releas e informatio n immediatel y availabl e t o Stat e an dloca l emergenc y official s a s wel l a s Federa l respons e official s notifie dunde r CERCL A sectio n 103

. I n addition , sectio n 304(a ) require s reportin g of : (1 ) Release s fo r

whic h notificatio n i s require dunde r

sectio n 103(a ) o f CERCLA , an d(2 ) release s o f "extremel y hazardou s substances " tha t ar e no t hazardou s substance s unde r CERCL A bu t tha t "occu r i n amanne r

whic h woul drequir e notificatio n unde r sectio n 103(a) " o f

CERCLA , Thus , continuou s release s tha t

requir e annua l reportin g unde r CERCL A sectio n 103(f)(2 ) rathe r tha n immediat e reportin g unde r , CERCL A sectio n 103(a) , ar e no t reportabl e unde r

sectio n 304 of

SAR A (se e 5 2 F R13384)

. "Statisticall y
. significant.increases " must , however , b e reporte dunde r

SAR A Sectio n 304

. T o clarif y th e typ e o f

release s tha t

ar e define da s continuou s releases , an d• thereb y exemp t

fro mSAR A sectio n 30 4 reporting , today' s rul e propose s t o revis e th e applicabilit y sectio n of th e regulation s implementin g sectio n 304 (4 0 CF R355.40(a) ) to : (1 ) Ad dth e definition s of "continuous " an d"statisticall y significan t

increase " provide di n thi s rule , an d(2 ) provid e reference s t o today' s propose dchange s t o 4 0 CFRPar t 302. 2 Thus , th e interpretatio n o f

1 Moreover , al l release s o

f CERCL A hazardou s substances , includin g federally permitte dreleases , ar e subjec t

t o liabilit y provision s o

f Federal statute s other tha n CERCLA

, Stat e statutes , an dcommon law (se e Senate Rppor

t No

. 96-84 8 (1980) , p
. 46)

. aToday' s rul e als o propose s to ad dlanguag e to 4 0 CF R355.40(a)(2

) tha t wa s delete dinadvertentl y i n publishin g the fina

l rul e (5 2 F

R13396

. April 22

. 1987)

. The proposal add s paragrap h (a)(2)(iv) an d provide s tha

t release s exemp t

fro mCERCL A sectio n 103(a

) reportin g under

sectio n 103(e

) (which Continue dP. 5



### 1287 0 Federa l Registe r/ Vol . 53 , No

. 7 5 /

Tuesday , Apri l 19 , 198 8 / Propose d Rule s ,' , j

. 11 1 , .,..,,,•.-.!•• •

. . . i , I

. . .'II-...I'

. '

. 1 I

. MU , I

. . 1.IX

. .,-w-,a'.:.''l>.-';* o - •--,
. J.t>----

- s.rl *••>,•! , 

### continuou s releas e propose di n today' s rul e wil l defin e clearl y th e scop e o f th e release s reportabl e unde r SAR A sectio n 304

. Sectio n 31 3 o

f SAR A als o require s annua l releas e reportin g simila r to annua l continuou s releas e reportin g unde r CERCL A sectio n 103(f)(2)

. Unde r SAR A sectio n 313 , covere dfacilitie s mus t submit , o n Jul

y 1 , eac h year , a Toxi c Releas e Inventory for mto th e EP A Administrato r

an dto th e Stat e officia l or official s designate db y th e Governor

. Annua l notificatio n requirement s unde r

sectio n 313 , however , ar e different

i n scop e an d purpos e fro

mCERCL A sectio n 103 reportin g requirements

. Sectio n 31 3 requirement s appl y only to facilitie s i n th e Standar dIndustria l Classificatio n (SIC) Major

Group s 2 0 throug h 3 9 (unles s th e Administrato r

exercise s hi s discretio n grante di n section s 313(b)(1)(B ) or

313(b)(2) to ad dor

delet e SI C group s or

individua l facilities) ; CERCL A place s n o suc h restriction s o n it s applicability

. Also , th e univers e o f substance s covere db y CERCL A an d sectio n 31 3 notificatio n i s no t th e same , tha t is , some substance s subjec t t o CERCL A notificatio n requirement s ar e not subjec t t o sectio n 31 3 requirements , an dcertai n additiona l substance s no t subjec t to th e CERCL

A notificatio n requirement s ar e subjec t

to th e sectio n 31 3 notificatio n requirements

. Th e purpos e o f th e reportin g requirement s diffe r a s well ; th e purpos e ofth e SAR A sectio n 31 3 reportin g requiremen t i s to creat e aFedera l inventory , whil e th e purpos e o f th e CERCL

A sectio n 103 reportin g requirement s i s t o alert Federa l respons e official s o f episodi c release s tha t

ma y requir e emergenc y response
. Therefore , becaus e o f thes e difference s betwee n th e sectio n 31 3 requirement s an dsectio n 10 3 reporting , th e Agenc y believe s it

i s appropriat e to procee dwith thi s propose drul e regardin g sectio n 103 notificatio n requirements

. Th e Agenc y recognizes , however , that th e applicatio n ofth e annua l report provisio n o

f th e continuou s releas e reduce dreportin g requiremen t an dth e reportin g requiremen t

fo r th e Toxi c Releas e Inventory unde r

SAR A sectio n 31 3 ma y resul t i n duplicativ e reporting

. Som e facilitie s wil l b e subjec t to th e reportin g requirement s o

f bot h CERCL A sectio n 103(f)(2

) an dSAR

A section"313 , an dsome o

f th e dat aan dinformatio n require dunde r

both reportin g requirement s ar e th e same
. Som e o f th e iy••,•l-»-.^•A-•..^-.t--^t.•.:•.-..

. *- i •

applie s to th e application , handling , o rstorag e o f a pesticid e registere d unde rth e Federa l Insecticide , Fungicide , an d Rodenticid e Act ) als o ar e exemp t fro m reportin g unde rSAR A sectio n 304
. 

### informatio n require dto b e submitte db y sectio n 103(f)(2) , however , i s no t require dto b e submitte dunde r sectio n 313

. Th e Agenc y will attemp t to dea l wit h thi s potential fo

r overlap o f reportin g i

n tw o ways
. Th e Agenc y will , to th e exten t

feasible , indicat e in th e sectio n 103(f)(2

) guidanc e an di

n th e sectio n 31 3 instructio n document s wher e answer s to certai n question s wil l b e useful in answerin g question s fo r th e othe r reportin g requirement

. I

n addition , th e Agenc y will initiat e discussion s wit h user s o f th e sectio n 103(f)(2

) dat ato determin e i

f th e dat ato b e submitte d unde r sectio n 31 3 woul db e sufficien t fo r thei r needs

. I f th e dat awoul db e sufficient , th e Agenc y wil l conside r allowin g person s i

n charg e o

f facilitie s subjec t to bot h sectio n 103(f)(2

) an d sectio n 31 3 t

o submi t onl y th e sectio n 31 3 for mfo r thos e chemical s appearin g on bot h lists

. Th e Agenc y request s comment s o n thes e approache s to minimiz e th e duplicativ e reportin g requirements

. C. Current

Requirements



### . Unti l thi s rul e i s publishe din fina l for man dha s becom e effective , th e perso n i n charg e o

f avesse l o r

facilit y mus t compl y wit

h th e requirement s fo

r reportin g continuou s release s a s se t fort h in th e statute

. Th e perso n i n charg e o f afacilit y o r vesse l fro mwhic h ther e i s areleas e o

f ahazardou s substanc e tha t i s continuou s an dstabl e in quantity an d rate , wh o report s in complianc e wit h sectio n 103(f)(2)(A

) fo r release s fro

m facilities , or

sectio n 103(f)(2)(B ) fo

r release s fro

mvessel s o r

facilities , ma

y provid e notificatio n unde r sectio n 103(f)(2 ) (i.e. , annuall y an din th e even t o f astatisticall y significant

increase) , instea do f unde r sectio n 103(a)

. Partie s subjec t to th e notificatio n provision s o f sectio n 103 ma

y us e thi s propose d rulemakin g a s guidanc e fo r interpretatio n o

f th e statutor y requirements

. Al l othe r

release s o

f CERCL A hazardou s substance s mus t b e reporte din accordanc e wit h sectio n 103(a ) wheneve r

suc h release s equa l o r excee dth e RQ

. II . Th e Continuous Releas e Reduce d Reportin g Requiremen

t

. A. EPA s General

Approach I n developin g thi s propose drule , EP A ha s bee n guide db y severa l goals—to develo p aregulatio n that

i s flexibl e enough to cove r

th e variety o

f possibl e continuou s releas e scenario s that migh t arise , t o make th e proposa l a s self

implementin g a s possbile , to ensur e continue dnotificatio n o

f release s fo

r whic h aFedera l respons e ma y b e necessary , an dto minimiz e th e burde n on bot h th e regulate dcommunit y an d th e governmen t

to th e exten t

possibl e withou t compromisin g publi c health an d th e environment

. Specifi c effort s t o addres s thes e goal s wil l b e describe din Sectio n II.B

. o

f thi s preambl e wher e EPA' s approac h o n th e key concept s o f th e propose dregulatio n i s discussed

. Comment s frequently mad e i n respons e to th e Agency' s Ma y 25,198 3 NPRM , mentione dabove , seemto confus e th e continuou s releas e reduce d reportin g requiremen t

wit h th e federall y permitte dreleas e reportin g exemption

. A number o f commenter s on th e Ma

y 25 , 198 3 NPR M hav e urge dEP

A to rel y primaril y on reportin g unde r existin g permittin g program s an dno t t o impos e additiona l reportin g requirement s fo r continuou s releases

. Today' s propose d rul e doe s no t

impos e an y additiona l reportin g requirements

. Further , i f a releas e meet s th e requirement s necessar y to b e classifie da s afederall y permitte drelease , th e releas e i s exemp t entirel y fro

mreportin g unde r

CERCL A sectio n 103

. Thus , th e reduce dreportin g procedur e o

f sectio n 103(f

) i s no t applicabl e t o federall y permitte d• • • release s becaus e i

t only applie s to release s that

mus t b e otherwis e reporte d unde r sectio n 103

. B. Key Concepts Included in the Proposed Rule 1

. "Continuous " EP A propose s to defin e "continuous " a s areleas e tha t

is : (1 ) Continuou s withou t interruptio n or

abatement ; (2

) continuou s durin g operatin g hours ; or (3 ) continuou s durin g regularly-occurrin g batch processes
. Th e perio dover whic h suc h release s ar e evaluate di s 2 4 hours

. On e typ e o

f releas e that

EP A ha d considere din it s Ma

y 25,198 3 NPR

M (4 8 F R23559) , whic h severa l commenter s suggeste dshoul dqualif

y a s continuous,

. i s aroutine , anticipated , intermitten t releas e tha t

i s incidenta l t

o normal manufacturin g o r

treatmen t

processe s or operations

. EP

A ha s chose n no t

to includ e suc h release s withi n th e definition'o f

continuou s release s in thi s propose drul e becaus e th e Agenc y believe s that

suc h abroaddefinitio n ma y no t b e adequatel y protectiv e o f huma n health an dth e environmen t an d becaus e suc h release s ma y b e impossibl e to defin e i

n ameaningful way
. Continuou s release s unde r th e standar ddictionary definitio n o f th e ter m"continuous " ar e release s tha t occu r withou t interruption

. Intermitten t release s ar e release s that

ceas e an d- recommenc e in avariabl e manne r an d thu s d o no t

fall clearl y withi n th eP. 6



### Federa l Registe r/'Vol

. 53 r N6

. 75 /

Tuesday , Apri l 19 , 198 8 / Propose d"Rule s 

### 1287 1
meanin g o

f th e term"continuous. " I

n addition , becaus e o

f th e variabl e natur e o f intermitten t

releases , th e degre e o

f certaint y an dpredictability associate d wit h them(in term s o

f commencement , cessation , an damoun t

released ) ma

y b e considerabl y lowe r

tha n it i s for

. trul y continuou s releases

. Further , man y i f no t mos t continuou s release s ar e controlle d b y aplan t proces s or

operation

. A substantia l numbe r

o f intermitten t release s ma

y no t b e subjec t

to suc h

. controls

. Finally , th e phras e "routine , anticipated , intermitten t

release " appear s to b e extremel y vagu e an dthu s man y episodi c release s that ma y nee d Federa l respons e woul dno t b e reporte d unde r sectio n 103(a

) i f th e definitio n o

f "continuou s release " include dsuc h intermitten t

releases

. Th e Agenc y ha s becom e aware , however , o

f situation s in whic h certai n intermitten t

release s may hav e ahigh degre e o f certaint y an dpredictability associate dwit

h them

. Example s o

f suc h release s includ e release s tha t ar e stabl e in quantity an drat e an dresul t fro m(1 ) productio n o

f abatc h o f asubstanc e a t th e sam e time every wee k that , fo r example , i s use din th e plan t productio n proces s throughou t

th e week ; (2

) th e start-u p o f amachin e every workda y mornin g an dit s shutdow n every workda y evening ; an d(3 ) th e us e o f a hazardou s substanc e a t

afacilit y every day o r a t th e sam e time every week

. Th e Agenc y i s considerin g allowin g thes e routine , anticipated , intermitten t release s tha t

ar e predictabl e an dstabl e wit h respec t to quantity , rate , an dtime o f occurrenc e to b e considere d "continuous " release s an dsubjec t to th e reduce dreportin g requirement s o f sectio n 103(f)(2)

. Th e immediat e reportin g o

f suc h release s woul dno t enhanc e th e OSC s ability to determin e i f aFedera l fieldrespons e i s necessary
. . Th e Agenc y ha s identifie dtw o option s unde r

whic h predictable , routine , anticipated , intermitten t release s woul db e exempte dfro m episodi c releas e reportin g requirements ,

. Unde r th e firs t option,'routine , anticipated , intermitten t

release s tha t ar e predictabl e an dstabl e in quantity , rate , an dtime o

f occurrenc e woul db e a category o

f release s fo

r whic h th e Agenc y woul dgran t

a n administrativ e exemptio n fro

msectio n 103(a

) reportin g o n th e basi s that

respons e official s woul dno t nee dsuc h informatio n on a per-occurrenc e basis

. Thus , suc h release s woul dno t

b e define da s "continuous " release s bu t woul db e subjecte dt o analogou s requirement s pursuan t t o EPA' s genera l rulemakin g authorit y unde r

CERCLA : Unde r

th e secon doption , EP

A woul dredefin e "continuous " t o includ e thes e routin e release s a s continuou s releases , subjec t t o th e reduce dreportin g requirement s unde r sectio n 103(f)

. Th e effect

o f bot h option s i s th e same ; routine , anticipated , intermitten t

release s tha t

ar e predictabl e an dstabl e in quantity , rate , an dtim e o f occurrenc e woul db e subjec t t o reduce dreportin g requirements

. Th e Agenc y solicit s comment s o n th e concep t o f treatin g thes e routin e release s a s "continuous " releases , o n ho w "intermittent , routine , anticipate d releases " coul db e define dmeaningfully , an do n th e option s discusse dabove

. 2

. "Stable i n Quantity an dRate " EP A considere dbot

h quantitativ e an d qualitativ e indicator s a s possibl e standard s b y whic h to judg e complianc e wit h thi s statutor y requirement

. Quantitativ e measures , suc h a s a predetermine dpercentag e variatio n fro mth e mean , ar e more difficul t fo r EP A to establis h becaus e o

f th e larg e numbe r o f different type s o f industrie s that ma y b e releasin g hazardou s substance s o n acontinuou s basi s an d becaus e o f th e different

type s o f release s (i.e , amounts, frequency , locatio n i n th e process , etc.)

. A qualitativ e measure , o n th e othe r hand , seem s to b e more appropriat e becaus e it provide s greate r

flexibilit y to th e regulate dcommunit

y withou t reducin g th e protectio n o

f human health an dth e
. environment

.

, EP A ha s selecte daqualitativ e measur e tha t

describe s areleas e tha t

i s stabl e i n quantit y an drat e a s on e that ha s apredictabl e quantit y an drat e durin g normal operation s an di s no t th e , resul t o f malfunctio n o r

upse t conditions

. Th e Agenc y solicit s comment s an dsupportin g dat ao n thi s approac h t o "stabl e in quantity an d rate " an don whethe r

ther e ar e othe r qualitativ e an dquantitativ e measure s that migh t b e appropriate

. 3

. "Fo r aPerio dSufficien

t T o Establis h th e Continuity , Quantity , an dRegularit y O f th e Release " A numbe r o f commenter s on th e Ma

y 25,198 3 NPR

M wer e i n favor o f lettin g th e release r

determin e thi s elemen t

o f th e continuou s releas e provision

. On e argumen t offeredwa s that

th e statisticall y significant

increas e provisio n woul dserv e a s a n incentiv e to quantif y release s accurately

. Othe r commenter s supporte dth e establishmen t

o f asingl e time perio dfo

r releas e reportin g that

woul db e th e "perio dsufficiefit, " whil e Stil l other s preferre daspecifie dnumber o f releas e report s to establis h th e perio dsufficient fo r determinin g Whethe

r areleas e wa s continuou s an dstabl e in quantit y an d

rate

. Th e Agenc y ha s attempte dt o b e flexibl e o n thi s point

. Becaus e th e definitio n o

f "continuous " encompasse s different type s o f releases , th e time fram e an dnatur e o

f th e documentatio n necessar y to sho w continuity , quantity , an dregularity ma

y diffe r a s well

. EP A propose s t o allo w th e perso n i n charg e to make th e determinatio n o f th e perio dappropriat e t o th e particular releas e a t issue

. Th e Agenc y ha s no t define dan acceptabl e time fram e fo r th e appropriat e perio dbecaus e th e quantit y o f dat awill vary greatly ; fo

r example , a frequent releas e wil l resul t

in th e generatio n o

f enoug h dat at o establis h th e predictability o

f th e releas e in a shor t time whil e a n infrequent

releas e wil l slowl y produc e enoug h dat ato establis h predictability

. Bot h examples , however , ma

y b e continuou s release s subjec t to th e sectio n 103(f)(2

) reduce d reportin g requirement

. Becaus e notification s unde r

sectio n 103(a

) (codifie da t

40 CF R302.6 ) ma y no t provid e sufficien

t informatio n to establis h th e continuity an d predictability o

f arelease , th e perso n i

n charg e ma

y supplemen t

th e notification s mad e unde r

40 CF R302. 6 wit

h recen t releas e data , an dan y othe r relevant , information

. Howeve r

thi s
... . determinatio n i s made , it

mus t include , a t aminimum , th e basi s for

. continuit y , an dth e basi s fo

r assertin g stability o

f quantit y an drate

. Th e Agenc y ha s further decide dtha t

th e informatio n forming th e basi s o

f th e determinatio n shoul dno t

b e sen t to EP A a t th e time thi s determinatio n i s made , althoug h th e basi s fo r assertin g continuity an d stability o f quantity an drat e i s to b e include da s par t

o f th e annua l report

. Thi s informatio n mus t

b e kep t oh file at th e facilit y or , in th e cas e o

f avessel , at a n office withi n th e Unite dState s i n eithe r apor t o f cal l o r plac e o f regula r berthing

. EP

A wil l reques t

o r inspec t thi s informatio n a s necessar y t p enforc e th e requirement s o

f thi s section

. I f areleas e i s continuou s an dstabl e i n quantity an drat e withi n th e meanin g o f thi s regulation , bu t

ther e i s asubstantia l chang e in th e compositio n or characte r o f th e releas e (other

tha n i n th e amount ) du e t o som e proces s chang e o r Othe r factors , th e change dreleas e i s •• considere dadifferent

release , an d qualificatio n fo

r th e continuous-releas e reduce dreportin g requiremen t mus t b e reestablished

. • ""• • 4

. "Statisticall y Significant Increase " I n th e preambl e to th e Ma

y 25,198 3 propose drule , EP

A indicate dtha t

thre e • alternative! ) Wer

e unde r consideratio n :P. 7



### 128.7 2 Feder ^ .Register /.Vol.?53i:N a75;/;.-Tuesday, ' Aptikt9.1-198 8 /Propose dRule s
fo r definin g statisticall y significant increase :
• Requirin g reportin g wheneve r a releas e fall s outsid e some expecte d rang e base do n statistica l tests , suc h a s th e "Studen t

t " test ;
• Requirin g reportin g wheneve r th e amoun t release dexceed s th e amoun t

. ordinaril y release db y som e pre
establishe dfactor , suc h a s 2 , 5 , or 1 0 time s th e dail y average ; or
• Lettin g th e release r

determin e wha t i s astatisticall y significant increase

. Commenters.b n thes e option s expresse dvaryin g opinion s a s to whic h wa s th e mos t

appropriat e approach. EP A ha s evaluate danumbe r o f approache s an dha s decide dto remai n flexible

. Th e Agenc y propose s t o allo w th e perso n in charg e o

f th e vessel'o r facilit y t o selec t

th e appropriat e statistica l tes t

fo r identifyin g statisticall y significant

increase s in releases

. For

purpose s o

f compariso n in th e statistica l tests , release s refer , to th e tota l amoun t

release d(at

or abov e th e RQ) ove r a2 4 hou r period

. Th e Agenc y i s definin g statisticall y significant increase s a s increase s that woul doccu r les s tha n five percen t

o f th e time unde r normal condition s (i.e. , condition s tha t prevai l durin g th e perio destablishin g th e continuity , quantity , an dregularity o f th e release)

. EP

A ha s selecte dth e five percen t significanc e leve l fo

r th e Typ e I erro r rate ; a

### thi s leve l allow s EP A t o fulfil l it s mandat e t o protec t

th e publi c health an dth e environment

. Th e Agenc y believe s tha t

requirin g reportin g unde r sectio n 103(f)(2

) fo r onl y thos e release s fallin g a t o r abov e th e five percen t significanc e leve l strike s an appropriat e balanc e betwee n reducin g reportin g requirement s an dit s responsibility to protec t th e publi c health an dth e environment

. EP

A i s intereste din obtainin g comment s o n thi s approac h an dsolicit s suggestion s fro mintereste d partie s wit

h dat asupportin g aTyp e I erro r rat e othe r

tha n tha t employe di n thi s proposal

. ^Th e Agenc y believe s tha t th e nonparametri c statistica l tes t usin g a n estimat e o

f th e 95t h percentil e (a s describe dbelo w an din Appendi x C t o § 302. 8 o f th e propose dregulation ) shoul db e applicabl e t o al l releas e situations

. Statisticall y significant increase s woul db e define da s thos e increase s tha t

fall a t o r abov e th e estimat e o

f th e 95t h percentile

. Thi s concep t o f astatisticall y significant increas e i n areleas e i s consisten t

wit h CERCL A sectio n 103(f)(2

) that require s reportin g o

f a n "increas e i

n th e quantity * * * abov e tha t previousl y reporte do r occurring. " Unde r

certai n circumstance s wher e th e underlyin g distributio n i s know n (e.g. , i

f ther e i s anormal distributio n an dextensiv e existin g releas e data) , th e contro l char t test , Studen t t test , o r some othe r

metho d ma y b e more appropriate

. Th e contro l chart tes t an dStuden t

t tes t ar e use d commonly b y industry wher e sufficien t dat aexis t to justif y th e underlyin g parametri c assumptions

. Se e Appendi x C an dth e Backgroun dDocument i n Suppor t o f th e Propose dContinuou s Releas e Reportin g Requirement s unde r sectio n 103(f)(2

) o f CERCL A (Backgroun dDocument) fo r further informatio n o n th e nonparametric , contro l chart , an dStuden t t tests

. Under today' s proposal , us e o

f ates t othe r tha n th e describe dnonparametri c tes t require s ademonstratio n o f th e test' s appropriatenes s wit h respec t to th e particular

release

. A parametri c tes t ma y b e preferre db y afacilit y o r vesse l becaus e th e tes t

ma y b e use dcommonly fo r some othe r

purpos e o r

becaus e a parametri c tes t

designe dfo

r aspecifi c distributio n ma

y b e more sensitiv e tha n th e describe dnonparametri c tes t applie dto th e sam e distribution

. For th e contro l chart

o r Studen t t test , th e perso n in charg e mus t

demonstrat e that th e tes t i s appropriat e fo

r th e facility' s or vessel' s underlyin g releas e distribution

. For

an y othe r

alternativ e statistica l methodolog y (includin g an y alternativ e parametri c o

r nonparametri c test) , th e perso n in charg e mus t demonstrat e tha t

th e tes t is : (1 ) Sensitiv e enoug h t o identif

y accuratel y a t

leas e 60 percen t o f th e release s in th e to p five percen t o f al l releases, 4 

### o r

(2 ) at leas t equivalen t

in sensitivity to th e mos t sensitiv e tes t

amon g th e nonparametri c test , th e contro l char t

test , o r th e Studen t t tes t describe din Appendi x C

. Sensitivity i s define dto b e th e number o f release s identifie dby th e tes t that ar e actuall y i n th e to p fiv e percen t divide d b y th e tota l numbe r

o f release s in th e to p five percen t

(se e Appendi x C)

. Requirin g an alternativ e tes t t o b e a t leas t a s sensitiv e a s th e mos t

sensitiv e tes t evaluate db y th e Agenc y i s expecte dto resul t

in releaser s usin g th e mos t sensitiv e statistica l tes t

available

. Th e Agenc y expect s al l demonstration s t o b e update dannuall y

: ' Typ e I erro ri s (h e probabilit y o f falsel y a-muming a difference
. I n thi s instance , th e Agenc y ha s se ttha tprobabilit y a tfiv e percent . 4 EP A selecte d B

O percen ta s th e appropriat e sensitivit y leve l base d upo n a simulatio n involvin g 1.000 differen tset s o f

3 0 dat a point s applie d t o th e Studen ttan d nonparametri c statistica l tests . Eac h observatio n wa s simulate d fornormal , log-normal , uniform , an d randoml y generate d distribution
. Th e results showe d th e test s wer e capabl e o f identifyin g release s (i n th

p to p fiv e percent ) a

tleas t6 0 percen t ofth e time
. EP

A believes , therefore , thatan y alternativ e statistica l methodolog y shoul d demonstrat e a tleas tequivalen tsensitivit y 

### to verif y th e appropriatenes s o

f th e tes t fo r th e particular

release

. Th e demonstratio n shoul dno t b e submitte d to EP A whe n performed , althoug h th e result s o f th e lates t demonstratio n ar e t o b e include din th e annua l report require db y th e statute

. Th e demonstratio n mus t

b e kep t on fil e b y th e perso n in charg e an dmad e availabl e fo r revie w b y EP

A a s necessary
. Us e o f th e thre e statistica l test s specificall y mentione dabov e i s discusse din detai l i

n Appendi x C to thi s propose drule

. Only abrie f descriptio n o f eac h i s include dhere

. Th e Backgroun dDocument

in support

o f thi s rulemakin g discusse s othe r statistica l option s evaluate db y EPA

. Th e Agenc y i s intereste din receivin g comment s on th e specifi c statistica l test s describe dherein , a s wel l a s othe r test s that migh t b e appropriat e t o identif y statisticall y significant increases

. Briefly , th e nonparametri c tes t evaluate db y EP

A an dinclude din thi s rul e require s al l release s t o b e recorde d b y th e perso n in charge

. A releas e at or abov e th e R

Q wil l b e astatisticall y significant increas e (an dtherefore mus t b e reporte dto th e Nationa l Respons e Center ) i f i t i s greate r than th e larges t

o f th e ninetee n mos t

recen t releases

. I

f fewe r than ninetee n release s hav e occurred , the n th e releas e woul dnee dto b e reporte dto th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r i f i t exceed s th e larges t

releas e to date

. Becaus e th e perso n in charg e alway s i s comparin g th e lates t releas e to th e las t nineteen , th e larges t

five percen t o f th e release s generall y wil l b e reported , regardles s o

f th e underlyin g distribution

. Th e Agenc y i s awar e that i f tw o large , release s occur

withi n ashor

t perio do f time , wit h th e firs t releas e bein g larger than th e secon drelease , th e nonparametri c tes t

wil l identif

y only th e firs t releas e a s astatisticall y significant increase

. Th e Agenc y acknowledge s that th e nonparametri c tes t

woul dno t identif y a s astatisticall y significant increas e larg e release s in circumstance s suc h a s these , an dth e Nationa l Respons e Cente r

wil l no t b e notifie d immediatel y o

f th e secon dlarg e release

. However , th e OS C woul dhav e bee n notifie dimmediatel y o

f th e firs t larg e release , woul dhav e received , a t least , th e initia l annua l report

fro mth e facility , an dwil l receiv e an annua l report reflectin g th e secon dlarg e release ; thu s th e OS C woul db e abl e generall y to evaluat e th e nee dfo r a Federal response
. I

n addition , th e nonparametri c tes t

ha s th e advantag e o

f bein g simpl e an dstraightforward , no t requirin g expensiv e an dsophisticate dP. 8

Federa l Registe r7.tydl- i .53jJN<f c TSJ/tTmsHay, April/19 , 198 8 / t^p^^d^FtltitifJ s 1287 3

statistica l analysis

. I t

wil l identif

y successfull y situation s wher e condition s a t afacilit y ar e deteriorating ; othe r test s migh t no t identif y a s statisticall y significan t

increase s release s tha t ar e graduall y gettin g large r ove r time

. Th e Agenc y request s comment s regardin g

. th e inabilit y o f

th e propose dtes t

t o identif y th e secon do f

tw o larg e release s an dseek s suggestion s fo r refinin g th e tes t t o accoun t

fo r thi s gap
. Th e contro l char t

tes t i s generall y ver y effectiv e i n case s o f 3 0 o r mor e releas e dat apoints

. Fo r anorma l distribution , i t

trigger s arepor t

whe n a n observatio n exceed s acertai n numbe r o f standar ddeviation s abov e th e mean. 5 I f th e ne w recorde dreleas e i s les s tha n thi s numbe r

o f standar ddeviation s abov e th e mean , th e releas e i s no t considere dastatisticall y significan t increase , an dth e releas e dat apoin t i s adde dt o th e releas e histor y an dane w mea n an dstandar ddeviatio n ar e
. calculated

. Thi s contro l char t tes t wil l identif y dependabl y release s i n th e to p fiv e percen t

onl y whe n th e underlyin g distributio n i s normal

. Contro l char t test s fo r differen t know n distribution s als o ca n b e develope dan dwoul db e accepte dprovide dthe y mee t th e criteri a specifie di n § 302.8(d)(3 ) o f th e propose d rule

. Th e Studen t

t tes t involve s th e calculatio n o f

ates t statisti c an da compariso n o f

thi s tes t statisti c wit h th e t statisti c fo r

th e uppe r

fiv e percen t significanc e level

. Th e tes t statisti c i s calculate db y subtractin g th e mea n o f al l release s (excludin g th e newes t release ) fro mth e newes t

release , an ddividin g thi s differenc e b y th e standar d deviation

. Th e tes t

statisti c obtaine di s the n compare dt o atabl e o f reportin g triggers , an dif

i t equal s o r

exceed s th e relevan t reportin g trigger , th e releas e i s astatisticall y significan t increase

. EP A realize s tha t

b y usin g th e test s describe dabov e fo r

release s tha t

ar e declinin g consistentl y ove r time , n o statisticall y significan t

increas e woul d b e reported

. I n suc h situations , however , th e Federa l OS C wil l hav e informatio n concernin g previou s report s receive db y th e Nationa l Respons e Center

. I n addition , th e OS C wil l receiv e th e - annua l repor t

fro mth e facilit y o r

vesse l (a s describe dbelow) , an dwil l b e abl e t o evaluat e th e nee dfo r

an y Federa l respons e base do n th e informatio n containe di n th e annua l repor t I n th e situatio n describe dabove , becaus e

8 EP A ha s define d thi s "certain-number " t o b e 1.8485
. whic h take s int o accoun tth e asymptoti c reductio n i n estimate d mea n an d varianc e cause d b y excludin g al l value s deeme d reportabl e whe n i n realit y onl y Av e percen tshoul d b e correctl y regarde d a s reportable . release s o f hazardou s substance s ar e declinin g steadily , i t

i s anticipate dtha t relativel y fe w Federa l response s woul d b e necessary
. Th e Agenc y solicit s comment s o n thi s propose dapproac h tha t ma y resul t

i n delaye dresponses
. 5

. Annua l an dStatisticall y Significan t Increas e Reportin g Whil e Congres s intende dt o reduc e th e otherwis e applicabl e reportin g requirement s fo r

continuou s release s (a s compare dt o episodi c releases) , i t di d no t inten dt o eliminat e the mentirely

. Annua l an dstatisticall y significan t increas e reportin g ar e require db y sectionl03(f)(2 ) an dar e necessar y t o mee t th e underlyin g objectiv e of thi s provision

. Annua l report s ar e necessar y t o kee p Federa l respons e official s alerte dt o frequent , anticipate dbu t potentiall y worrisom e releases

. Statisticall y significan t

increase s mus t b e reporte dimmediatel y t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r

becaus e suc h release s • ar e no t distinguishabl e fro mothe r episodi c releases

. Thus , th e Agenc y canno t agre e wit h th e several ' commenter s wh o foun dth e concep t o f annua l reportin g t o b e "unnecessary " an d"burdensome " an drequeste dit' s elimination

. EP A ha s attempte dt o interpre t thi s statutor y requiremen t wit h th e sam e flexibilit y a s other ' requirement s o f

sectio n 103(f)(2 ) s o a s t o minimiz e th e burde n associate dwit h recordin g o r

calculatin g an y unnecessar y o r

marginall y usefu l informatio n an ddata , an dstil l remai n consisten t

wit h statutor y objectives

. Th e propose drul e require s tha t annua l notificatio n b e mad e i n writin g t o th e OS C predesignate dunde r th e Nationa l Contingenc y Pla n fo r th e geographica l are awher e th e releasin g facilit y o r

vesse l i s located

. EP A bqlieve S i t

mor e appropriat e tha t

thes e report s b e provide ddirectl y t o th e OSCs , rathe r

tha n t o th e Nationa l Respons e Center , becaus e thi s i s no t a n immediat e releas e notificatio n an dn o emergenc y respons e generall y wil l b e require dwit h respec t

t o continuou s release s (excep t

statisticall y significan t increase s a s discusse dbelow)

. Rather , th e OSC s i n th e Region s shoul db e kep t awar e o f releaser s wh o ar e exceedin g RQ s o n acontinuou s basis

. Additionally , th e annua l repor t wil l enhanc e th e OSC s abilit y t o evaluat e whethe r arespons e actio n i s necessar y t o addres s astatisticall y significan t increase

. Submissio n o f

th e annua l repor t

doe s no t requir e o r

impl y an y EP A approva l o f th e repor t

o r th e informatio n containe dtherein

. Material s use dt o suppor t th e infonnatio n containe di n th e annua l report , a s wel l a s othe r material s relevan t

t o statisticall y significan t increases , alternativ e statistica l methodologies , an dth e continuit y an d stabilit y o f

th e release , nee dno t

b e sen t t o EP A bu t

instea dshoul db e kep t o n file a t th e facility , o r

i n th e cas e o f

a vessel , a t a n offic e withi n th e Unite d States , i n eithe r

apor t o f cal l o r aplac e o f regula r berthing

. EP A ma y reques t suc h informatio n a s necessar y t o enforc e th e reportin g requirement s fo r continuou s releases

. Th e propose dregulatio n list s th e followin g item s fo r

inclusio n i n th e annua l repor t

fo r eac h substance :

• Th e name/identit y o

f th e hazardou s substance , th e Chemica

l Abstrac t Servic e Registr y Numbe r (CASRN ) fo r th e substanc e (i f available) , th e medi aaffected , an dth e annua l total pound s o r

kilogram s released :
• A shor t statemen t

o f th e basi s fo

r assertin g continuit

y an dstability o

f quantity an drate ;
• The inclusiv e date s an dth e number o f time s th e amount

o f th e release durin g an y 24-hou r perio dexceede dth e reportabl e quantity ;
• Th e number

o f time s statisticall y significant increase s occurre dan dwer e reporte dto th e National Respons e Center ;
• Th e amoun t

in pound s o r

kilogram s o

f th e mea n releas e an dth e singl e larges t release : an d

• Th e typ e b

f statistica l tes t

use dt o determin e statisticall y significant increase s an dth e result s o

f th e sensitivity analysi s (i

f required ) a s se t

fort h in Appendi x C

. Reportin g o f

statisticall y significan t increase s shoul db e mad e t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r i n th e manne r se t fort h i n 4 0 CFR302. 6 fo r al l othe r notification s o f

hazardou s substanc e release s tha t

equa l o r excee da n R Q (5 0 F R1345B , Apri l 4,1985)

. Suc h release s represen t situation s tha t

wil l nee dt o b e evaluate dimmediatel y t o determin e th e necessit y fo r

arespons e action

. I n determinin g whethe r

astatisticall y significan t

increas e ha s occurre dan d need s t o b e reported , th e perso n i n charg e shoul dus e a24-hou r perio dfo r measurin g th e quantit y released

. III . Regulator y Analyse s A. Executive Order

No. 12291 Rulemakin g protoco l unde r Executiv e Orde r (E.O. ) 1229 1 require s tha t propose dregulation s b e classifie da s majo r o r nonmajo r

fo r purpose s o f revie w b y th e Offic e o f Managemen t an dBudge t

(OMB)

. Accordin g t o E.O

. 12291 , majo r

rule s ar e regulation s tha t ar e likel y t o resul t

in : (1 ) A n annua l effec t

o n th e econom y o f $10 0 millio n o r

more ; o r (2 ) A majo r

increas e i n cost s o r

price s fo r consumers , individua l industries , Federal , State , o r

loca l governmen t agencies , o r

geographi c regions : o rP. 9



### 1287 4 Federa l Registe r/ Vol . 53 ; No..,75
. /

- Tuesda y ,rApri l 19. ; 198 8 / Proposed Rules
(3 ) Significan tadvers e effect s o n competition , employment , investment , productivity , innovation , o ro n th e abilit y o f Unite d States-base d enterprise s t o compet e wit h foreign
base d enterprise s i n domesti c o rexpor t markets . Th e Backgroun d Documen tshow s tha t today' s propose d regulatio n i s nonmajor , becaus e adoptio n o f

th e propose d rul e wil l resul ti n a cos tt o governmen tan d th e regulate d communit y o f approximatel y $3 6 millio n ($35. 7 millio n t o th e regulate d community)
. A tth e sam e time , this proposa l i s expecte d t o generat e cos tsaving s t o th e governmen t an d th e regulate d communit y o f approximatel y $40 6 millio n ($32 8 millio n t o th e regulate d community) , yieldin g a ne tbenefi to f

abou t$37 0 millio n ($29 2 millio n t o th e regulate d community)
. Moreover , th e propose d rul e wil l no t caus e a majo rincreas e i n cost s o rprice s mentione d i n (2 ) abov e o rcaus e an y o f

. th e significant.advers e affect s mentione d i n (3 ) above . Thi s documen tha s bee n submitte d t o OMB fo rrevie w a s require d b y E.O
. 12291
. B. Regulatory Flexibility Act Th e Regulator y Flexibilit y Ac to f 198 0 require s tha ta Regulator y Flexibilit y Analysi s b e performe d fo ral l rule s that ar e likel y t o hav e a "significan timpac t o n a substantia l numbe ro f smal l entities. " EP

A certifie s tha tthis propose d regulatio n wil l no thav e a significan timpac to n a substantia l numbe ro f

smal l entitie s an d tha ta Regulator y Flexibilit y Analysi s i s no t required
. See
. Chapte rSi x o f th e Backgroun d Documen treference d above . C. Paperwork

Reduction

Act ' Th e informatio n collectio n requirement s i n this propose d rul e hav e bee n submitte d t o th e Offic e o f Managemen tan d Budge t(OMB ) unde r th e Paperwor k Reductio n Ac to f 1980 , 4 4 U.S.C
. 350 1 et. seq. Submi tcomment s o n thes e requirement s t o th e Offic e o f Informatio n an d Regulator y Affairs ; OMB ; 72 6 Jackso n Plac e NW. , Washington , D C 20503 , marke d "Attention : Des k Office rfo rEPA. " Th e final rul e wil l respon d t o an y OMB o r publi c comment s O

n th e informatio n collectio n requirements
. .. . Lis to f Subject s 40 CFR Part

302 Ai rpollutio n control , Chemicals , Hazardou s material s transportation , Hazardou s substances , Hazardou s wastes , Intergovernmenta l relations , Natura l resources . Nuclea rmaterials , Pesticide s an d pests , Radioactiv e materials , Reportin g an d recordkeepin g requirements , Superfund , Wast e treatmen tan d disposal , Wate rpollutio n control . 40 CFR Part

355 Chemica l acciden tprevention , Chemica l emergenc y preparedness , Chemicals , Community emergenc y respons e plan , Community right-to
know . Contingenc y planning , Extremel y hazardou s substances , Hazardou s substances , Reportabl e quantity , Reportin g an d recordkeepin g requirements , Threshol d plannin g quantity
. Dated : Apri

l 10,1988
. Le e M . Thomas , Administrator. Fo rth e reason s se tou ti n th e preamble , i ti s propose d t o amen d Titl e 4 0 o f th e Cod e o f

Federa l Regulation s a s follows : PAR T 302—DESIGNATION , REPORTABL E QUANTITIE S AN O NOTIFICATIO N 1
. Th e authorit y citatio n fo rPar t30 2 continue s t o rea d a s follows : Authority : 4

2 U.S.C
. 9602 ; 3

3 U.S.C
. 132 1 an d 1361
. 2
. Par t30 2 i s amende d b y addin g § 302. 8 t o rea d a s follows : §302. 8 Continuou s releases

. (a)-Excep ta s provide d i n paragrap h (c ) o f this section , n o notificatio n shal l b e require d unde r§ 302. 6 o f this partfo r an y releas e o f

a hazardou s substanc e tha tha s bee n determine d pursuan tt o paragrap h (b ) o f

this sectio n t o be : continuou s withou tinterruptio n o r abatement , continuou s durin g operatin g hours , o rcontinuou s durin g regularly
occurrin g batc h processes , an d als o a releas e tha ti s stabl e i n quantit y an d . rate . A releas e tha ti s stabl e i n quantit y an d rat e mean s a releas e tha ti s predictabl e i n amoun tarid rat e o f emissio n durin g norma l operation s and , doe s no tresul tfrom malfunctio n o r upse tconditions
. (b)(1 ) Excep ta s provided'in'sectio n 103(f)(2)(A ) o f

CERCLA , th e perso n i n charg e o f th e facilit y or.vesse l mus t provid e notificatio n unde r§ 302. 6 fo ra perio d sufficien tt o establis h th e requirement s o f

paragrap h (a ) o f

this section
. Th e perio d sufficien tfo ra particula rreleas e shal l b e determine d b y th e perso n i n charge . Wher e • • • necessar y t o establis h th e condition s se t ou ti n paragrap h (a ) o f

this section , th e perso n i n charg e ma y rel y o n recen t releas e dat a o rothe rrelevan t informatio n t o supplemen tnotificatio n unde r§ 302.6
. (2 ) A H documents , materials , an d othe rinformatio n use d t o support : th e determinatio n tha tth e releas e meet s th e condition s o f

paragrap h (a ) o f

this section , th e notification s mad e unde r paragrap h (c ) o f

this section , an d th e demonstratio n unde rparagraph s (d)(2) ' an d (d)(3 ) o f

thi s section , shal l b e kep t o n file a tth e facilit y or , i n th e cas e o f a vessel , a ta n offic e withi n th e Unite d :
: State s i n eithe ra porto f cal l o ra plac e o f regula rberthing
. Suc h informatio n shal l b e mad e availabl e t o EP A upo n ' reques ta s necessary.t o enforc e th e requirement s o f

this section
. (c)(1 ) Notificatio n shal l b e give n fo r an y releas e qualifyin g fo rreduce d reportin g unde rthi s section : .'••:•* • (i ) Annually ; an d (ii ) A tsuc h time s a s a n increas e i n th e quantit y ofth e hazardou s substanc e bein g release d durin g an y 24-hou r perio d represent s a statisticall y ' significan tincreas e a s describe d i n paragrap h (d ) o f

this section
. (2 ) Initia l notificatio n o f a continuou s releas e an d subsequen tannual . notificatio n i n accordanc e wit h paragrap h (c)(l)(i ) o f

thi s sectio n shal l b e mad e i n writingt o th e Federa l On
Scen e Coordinato rdesignated , pursuan t to 4 0 CF RPar t300 , fo rth e geographica l are a wher e th e releasin g facilit y o r vesse l i s located . Initia l notificatio n shal l occu ra tth e tim e th e perso n i n charg e o f th e facilit y o rvessel , claim s tha tit s release s qualif

y fo rreduce d reportin g unde rthis section
. Annua l notificatio n shal l occu ro n a dat e t o b e < electe d b y th e reportin g entit y i n th e initia l notification
. Th e dat e electe d i n th e initia l notificatio n fo rsubmitta l o f ' subsequen tannua l notification s shal l b e n o late rtha n on e yea rfrom th e da y o f filin g o f th e initia l notification
. Th e annua l notificatio n shal l includ e fo r eac h substanc e fo rwhic h th e continuou s releas e reduce d reportin g requiremen ti s claime d th e followin g informatio n concernin g th e releas e durin g th e applicabl e reportin g period :

, (i ) Th e name/identit y o f th e hazardou s substance , th e Chemica l . Abstract s Servic e Registr y Numbe r (CASRN ) fo rth e substanc e (i f available) , th e medi a affected , an d th e annua l tota l pound s o rkilogram s released ; (ii ) Th e basi s fo rassertin g continuit y an d stabilit y o f

quantit y an d rate ; (iii ) Th e inclusiv e date s an d th e numbe ro f

time s th e amoun to f

th e releas e durin g an y 24-hou rperio d exceede d th e reportabl e quantity ; (iv ) Th e numbe ro f

time s statisticall y significan tincrease s occurre d an d wer eP.1 0



### Federa l Registe r/

Vbl i S3 ; No . 75 v/Tuesday , Apri l 19 , 198 8 / ftoppsfcd. Rules ' 1287 5
reporte d t o th e Nationa l Respons e Center ; (v ) Th e amoun ti n pound s o r kilogram s o f

th e mea n releas e an d th e singl e larges trelease ; an d (vi ) Pursuan tt o paragrap h (d ) o f thi s section , th e typ e o f

statistica l tes tuse d t o determin e statisticall y significan t increase s an d th e result s o f th e sensitivit y analysi s (i f

required ) a s se t fort h i n Appendi x C
. (3 ) Notificatio n o f

a statisticall y significan tincreas e shal l b e mad e t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente ri n th e manne r se tfort h i n § 302.6
. .(d ) Fo rth e purpose s o f this section , statisticall y significan tincrease s ar e th e larges tfiv e percen to f

al l continuou s releases . A determinatio n o f whethe ra n increas e i s a "statisticall y significan t increase " shal l b e mad e base d upon : (1 ) Th e nonparametri c statistica l tes t usin g a distribution-fre e estimat e o f th e 95th percentil e a s describe d i n Appendi x C o f

this section ; (2 ) Th e contro l char ttes to rStuden tt test , i n accordanc e wit h th e procedure s . se tfort h i n Appendi x C o f

thi s section , i f i tca n b e demonstrate d tha tth e underlyin g releas e distributio n i s normal ; o r (3 ) An y othe ralternativ e statistica l methodolog y tha tca n b e demonstrate d t o be : (i ) Sufficientl y sensitiv e t o identif y accuratel y th e release s i n th e to p fiv e percen ta tleas t6 0 percen to f th e time ; o r (ii ) A tleas tequivalen ti n sensitivit y t o th e mos tsensitiv e tes tamon g th e nonparametri c test , th e contro l char t test , o rth e Studen tttes tdescribe d i n Appendi x C o f

thi s section
. (e ) Multipl e concurren trelease s o f th e sam e substanc e occurrin g a tvariou s location s wit h respec tt o contiguou s plant s o rinstallation s upo n contiguou s ground s tha tar e unde rcommo n ownershi p o rcontro l shal l b e adde d togethe ri n determinin g whethe rsuc h release s constitut e a continuou s releas e unde rparagrap h (a ) o f

this sectio n o ra statisticall y significan tincreas e unde r paragrap h (d ) o f

thi s section
. (f ) Th e reduce d reportin g requirement s provide d fo runde rthis sectio n shal l appl y onl y s o lon g a s th e perso n i n charg e complie s full y wit h al l requirement s o f

paragraph s (b ) an d (c ) o f thi s section
. Failur e o f suc h complianc e wit h respec tt o an y releas e from th e facilit y o rvesse l shal l subjec t th e perso n i n charg e t o al l o f th e reportin g requirement s o f § 302. 6 fo r eac h suc h releas e an d t o th e penaltie s unde r§ 302. 7 fo rfailur e t o notify , an d t o an y othe rapplicabl e penaltie s provide d fo rb y law . Appendi x C to § 302^—Procedur

e fo r Determinin

g Statistically Significan

t Increases Th e purpose o

f thi s appendi

x i s t o describ e procedure s fo rdeterminin

g statisticall y significan tincrease s unde

r40 CF R302.8(d)
. Statistical test s ar

e t o b e use d t

o determine whethera specifi c releas e represent s a statisticall y significan

tincrease
. EP

A has defined a statisticall y significan tincreas e a s a n increas e tha

twould occuronly les s tha n five percen

to f th e tim e unde rnorma l conditions
. The choic e o

f th e appropriat

e statistical tes tt

o us e depend s upo

n the numbe ro f dat a point s availabl e t

o th e person i n charg e o f the vesse l orfacilit

y fro m whic h a releas e occur

s an d th e underlyin

g releas e distribution
. I

f a parametri

c tes tspecifie d in th e rul e i s employed , the person i n charg e mus tmaintai n o n file a tth e facilit y a demonstration tha

tthe particula

rtes tused t

o identif y statisticall y significan

tincrease s i s appropriat

e fo rth e releas e distribution being tested . Us e o

f a statistical methodolog

y no t specified i n the rul e require s a demonstration tha tth e methodolog

y chose n i s atleas t60 percen taccurat e i n identifying statisticall y significan tincrease s or

. i f not, i s a tleas t equivalentinsensitivit

y t o the mostsensitiv e tes tamon g th e nonparametri

c test, the contro l char ttest, o rth e Studen tttes t described i

n th e rule . Sectio n 1 o

f this appendi

x describe s th

e nonparametri

c tes tidentified by th

e Agency ; Sectio n 2 o

f thi s appendix describe s the parametri c tests evaluate d by the Agenc y an d considered generally acceptable ; an d Sectio n 3 o

f this appendi

x discusse s the demonstration require

d to sho w the appropriatenes s o

f a particula

rstatistical methodology . Th e statistical procedure

s descibe d in this appendi x assume tha

tdat a used i n th e various test s ar

e collecte d unde

rth e same circumstances an

d in the same manner

. Tha t is , the dat a se tmus tb e homogeneous . I

f the productio n proces s i s altered , o

ri f ther e ar e substantia

l increase s o

rdecrease s i

n productio n levels , th

e dat a collectio n an

d analytica l proces s mus

tbegi n again
. 1. Nonparametric Statistical Tests Th e Agenc y evaluate d a nonparametri c tes tfo rsituation s wher

e th e person in charg

e o f a vesse l orfacilit

y ma y no tknow th e underlyin g distribution o

f th e releases . Th

e nonparametri

c tes tevaluate d b

y EP A i s appropriat

e fo rsituation s wher

e an y numbe r o f dat a point s ar e available
. Th

e tes t evaluate d i s a distribution-fre e statistical evaluatio n base d o

n the estimat

e o f the 95t h percentile
. Th e nonparametri

c tes tevaluate d by EP

A require s tha ta releas e o

f a n R Q ormor e b e reporte d t o the Nationa

l Respons e Cente

ri f th e releas e exceed s the largesto f th e 1 9 most recently recorde

d releases . I

f fewertha n 1 9 release s have been recorded , the n th e releas e would need t

o b e reporte

d t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente

ri f i texceed s the largest previous releas e recorde

d t o date . I n essence , this nonparametri

c tes ti s alway s comparin

g th e newes treleas e t

o th e immediatel

y previous 1 9 release s an

d i s generally identifying the largestfive percen to f all release s a s statisticall y significan tincreases
. I n the following example , the perso n i n charg e o f a facilit y releasin g a CERCL

A hazardous substance wit

h a n R Q o f 1 0 pounds ha s made report

s to the National Respons e Cente rfo ra determination period sufficien tt o establis h th e continuit

y and stabilit

y o f th e release . Afte

rsuc h determination i s made , the person in charg

e begin s t o identif y thos e release s tha

tar e statisticall y significan

t increases
. Release s in the post-determination period ar e compare

d wit h release s fro

m the determination period
. Assum e tha tonly five release s occurre

d in the determination period , a s follows : Releas e A

—4 0 pounds Releas e B

—4 5 pounds Releas e C

—3 0 pounds Releas e D

—4 0 pounds Releas e E

—20 pounds Following writte

n notification t

o the.OSC , report s o f statisticall y significan

tincrease s would need t

o b e mad e t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente

ra s noted : Releas e 1—5

0 pounds ; Repor

t Releas e 2—7

0 pounds ; Repor

t Releas e 3—4

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 4—15

0 pounds ; Repor

t Releas e 5—6

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 6—7

0 pounds ; N o Repor

t Releas e 7—8

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 8—4

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 9—7

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 10—5

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 11—10

0 pounds ; N o Repor

t Releas e 12—5

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 13-—8

0 pounds ; N o Repor

t Releas e 14—3

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 15—7

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 16—9

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 17—4

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 18—9

5 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 19—10

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 20—5

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 21—3

0 pounds ; N o Repor

t. . Releas e 22—4

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 23—9

0 pounds ; N o Repor

t Releas e 24—6

0 pounds ; N

o Repor t Releas e 25—11

0 pounds ; Repor

t Fo reach releas e 1 throug

h 14 , a repor

t would b e mad

e t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente ri f i texceed s th

e largestprevious release . Thus , releases , 1 , 2 an d 4 would b e reported . Releas e 1 5 i s the n compare

d t o release s A throug

h 14 an d i s foun d no tt o b e a statisticall y significan

tincrease
. Releas e 1 5 i s the n added t o the releas e histor

y an d releas e A i s deleted . Releas e 1 6 would b e compare d t o release s B throug

h 15
. Becaus e th

e releas e histor y contain s a

tleas ton e releas e tha

t exceed s th

e 9 0 pounds i

n releas e 16, n

o repor t i s needed . Releas e 1 6 i s added t o th e releas e histor y an d releas e B i s deleted . Fo

rreleas e 25, th e relevan treleas e histor

y include s release s 6 throug

h 2 4 (th e mos trecen t1 9 releases)
. Th

e 11 0 pounds in releas e 2

5 doe s nee d to b e reporte

d t o the Nationa

l Respons e Cente rbecaus e i

texceed s th

e largesto f the mostrecen

t1 9 release s (even thoug

h releas e 4 i s larger , i ti s n o longeri n th e dat a bas e fo r purposes o

f comparison)
.P.1 1



### 1287 6 .„. , Z

JFidem l Register...;/.

. Vol

. 53 , No

. 75.,7 r 

### Tue:sday i 

### -Aprit.rl9j.498 8 /Propose dRule s

Ove r time , th e nonparametri c tes t wil l ten d t o identif y successfull y th e larges t fiv e percen t o f al l release s bu t

i t wil l no t identif y perfectl y alloutliers

. Th e nonparametri c tes t involve s asequentia l analysis , allowin g fo r updatin g an dmodificatio n o f th e reportin g trigger

. I n th e exampl e above , th e 10 0 pound s i n release s 1 1 an d1 9 d o no t nee dt o b e reporte dbu t

th e 11 0 pound s i n releas e 2 5 doe s nee dt o b e reported

. Thi s resul t occur s becaus e th e reportin g trigge r i s being'update d continually

. Give n th e smal l amoun t ofdat a availabl e fo r

release s A throug h 14 , release s o f les s tha n 15 0 pound s d o no t appea r t o represen t

statisticall y significan t increases

. A s mor e dat abecom e available , however , th e tes t use s th e newe r

dat at o reevaluat e th e reportin g trigger

. A no n parametri c tes t

i s mos t appropriat e i n situation s wher e th e perso n i n charg e o f th e vesse l o r

facilit y doe s ho t

hav e historica l dat aavailabl e an di s unawar e o f th e underlyin g releas e distribution

. Thi s nonparametri c tes t

doe s no t

requir e sophisticate dstatistica l calculations : i t i s performe db y simpl y comparin g eac h ne w releas e t o th e mos t

recen t 1 9 releases

. 2. Parametric Statistical Tests EP A ha s analyze dth e followin g tw o parametri c test s fo r

us e i n identifyin g a statisticall y significan t increas e an dha s foun dtha t

whe n thes e test s reflec t th e appropriat e underlyin g releas e distribution , the y ar e sufficientl y sensitiv e i n identifyin g th e larges t

fiv e percen t

o f al l releases

. 2.1 Student

t Test Th e Studen t

t tes t i s designe dfo r

us e whe n th e underlyin g releas e distributio n i s a norma l distribution

. Th e Studen t t tes t involve s th e calculatio n o f ates t valu e an da compariso n o f

thi s tes t valu e wit h th e t

. statistic

. Th e tes t

valu e i s calculate db y subtractin g th e mea n o f al l release s (excludin g th e newes t

release ) fro mth e newes t release ! an ddividin g thi s differenc e b y th e standar ddeviation

. EXHIBI T 1—STUDEN T t TES T REPORTIN G TRIGGERS—Continue d

Studen t t Tes t Valu e = X„- X

wher e X „ i s th e mos t

recen t release , X i s th e mea n o r averag e o f

al l release s excludin g th e newes t release , an dS i s th e sampl e standar d deviation

. X an dS ar e calculate dusin g th e followin g formulas : v

X - XJ+XJ*

. 

### .+

x n-1

. an d : S - 

### n- 1 

# M CXj-x-^+CKj,-*) 2 

### +
.. . + (x^-x) 2

wher e n represent s th e numbe r o f release s i n EXHIBI T 1—STUDEN T t

TES T REPORTIN G th e dat aset

. Th e newes t

releas e i s no t

include di n th e calculatio n o f

th e mea n an dstandar d deviatio n fo r

th e Studen t

t test

. Th e tes t

valu e obtaine di s compare dt o atabl e o f reportin g trigger s show n i n Exhibi t 1

. I f th e tes t valu e equal s o r

exceed s th e reportin g trigger , th e releas e i s astatisticall y significan t increas e
. an dmus t

b e reporte dt o th e Nationa l Respons e Center

. Th e Studen t

t tes t i s designe dfo r

us e i n situation s whe n ther e ar e 3 0 o r fewe r dat a points , althoug h i t

ca n b e use dwhe n mor e tha n 3 0 dat apoint s ar e available

. Afte r 3 0 dat apoint s ar e accumulated , th e Contro l Char t tes t (discusse di n Sectio n 2. 2 below ) an dth e Studen t

t tes t ar e essentiall y synonymou s becaus e th e reportin g trigge r i s equivalen t

t o areleas e o f

1.64 5 standar d deviation s abov e th e mea n (se e Exhibi t 1)

. TRIGGER S

Numbe r o f observations : 1 2 3 4.....

. 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 ."

, 1 5 Reportin g trigge r a t 95t h percentil e leve l

6.31 4 2.92 0 2.35 3 2.13 2 201 5 1.94 3 1.89 5 1.86 0 1 83 3 1.81 2 1.79 6 1 78 2 1,77 1 1.76 1 1.75 3 1 6

1 7 1 8 1 9 ; 2 0 ."

. 2 1 : 2 2

" ' 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 : 2 8 29.

. in t Reportin g trigge r a t 95t h percentil e leve l

1.74 6 1.74 0 1.73 4 1.72 9 1.72 5 1.72 1 1.71 7 1.71 4 1.71 1 1.70 8 1.70 6 1.70 3 1.70 1 1.69 9 1.64 5

2.2 Control

Chart Test Th e Contro l Char t

tes t ca n onl y b e use d whe n a t leas t 3 0 release s hav e bee n recorded

. Th e Contro l Char t tes t i s adynami c tes t i n tha t use s prio r

release s t o formadat a se t i n whic h th e mea n an dstandar ddeviatio n ar e calculated

. Whe n ane w releas e i s recorded , it s valu e i s compare dt o th e reportin g trigger

. Fo r

anorma l distribution , th e reportin g trigge r

i s define dt o b e th e mea n (X ) plu s 1.848 5 time s th e standar ddeviation

. I f th e newl y recorde dreleas e i s les s tha n | X + (1.8485 ) (S)| , the n th e release i s no t considere dt o b e astatisticall y significan t increas e an ddoe s no t

nee dt o b e reporte dt o th e Nationa l Respons e Center

. Th e releas e i s the n adde dt o th e releas e histor y an dane w mea n an dstandar ddeviatio n ar e calculated

. I f th e nex t ne w releas e i s greate r tha n | X + (1.8485)(S)| , the n th e releas e mus t b( j reporte d t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r an dth e releas e i s no t

include di n th e releas e history , ther e i s n o recalculatio n of th e mea n an d standar ddeviation

. Thi s Contro l Char t

tes t wil l dependabl y identif y th e to p fiv e percen t

o f release s onl y whe n th e underlyin g distributio n i s normal , l f th e underlyin g distributio n i s lognormal , fo r example , th e Contro l Char t tes t a s presente d abov e wil l trigge r

reportin g o f

fewe r tha n fiv e percen t o f th e releases

. A n appropriat e Contro l Char t

tes t ca n b e develope dfo r

any
. know n distributio n fo r whic h ther e i s a specifi c mathematica l equatio n fo r .th e cumulativ e distribution , o r fo r whic h ther e exist s apublishe dtabl e o f th e distribution

. T o us e th e Contro l Char t tes t t o identif

y releas e i n th e to p fiv e percent , i t i s imperativ e tha t th e underlyin g distributio n b e known

. Example Releas e .1—1 0 pound s Releas e 2—1 5 pound s Releas e 3—7 0 pound sP.1 2



### Federa l Register

/ Vol

. 53 , No

. 75, /

Tuesday , Apri l .19 , 198 8 / Propose dRule s i Ti T i i iiiili l n n iijniiTii i i' n III I " i ii'i ' i ' ' i ~"'''riiii'"f i Iiiiiniliilfi' 1 ' '

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. , i a i • •.,-• >

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### 1287 7

^-.•-.-.«:„\---S;--*•'--;"-**~i*Si" 7 7£-*-®5T?3?r*5C*OT£B^n*r-3--

- Releas e 4—30,pound s Releas e 5—-6

0 pound s Releas e 6—5

0 pound s Releas e 7—4

0 pound s Releas e 8—8

0 pound s Releas e 9—7

0 pound s Releas e 10—7

0 pound s Releas e 11—30 pound s Releas e 12—4

0 pound s Releas e 13—5

0 pound s Releas e 14—9

0 pound s Releas e 15—-4

7 pound s Releas e 16—1 2 pound s Releas e 17—2

5 pound s Releas e 18—3 3 pound s Releas e 19—75 pound s Releas e 20—10

0 pound s Releas e 21—11 0 pound s Releas e 22—5

0 pound s Releas e 23—10

5 pound s Releas e 24—8

0 pound s Releas e 25—4

0 pound s Releas e 26—2

0 pound s Releas e 27—6

0 pound s Releas e 28—4

0 pound s Releas e 29—9

0 pound s Releas e 30—4

0 pound s For th e 3 0 release s show n above , th e mea n i s 54.4 0 an dth e sampl e standar ddeviatio n i s 28.1 4 (th e general metho dfo r calculatin g a mea n an dstandar ddeviatio n i s describe di n Sectio n 2. 1 above)

. An

y release greate r

than 106.4 2 pound s |54.40 + (1.8585)(28.14) ] mus t b e reporte dt o th e National Respons e Center

. I f releas e 3 1 equal s 90 pounds , i t i s les s than th e trigger valu e o f 106.4 2 pound s an dnee dnot b e reporte dto th e National Respons e Center

. Thi s release i s adde dt

o th e dat ase t

an da ne w trigger

valu e i s calculated

. Th e sampl e standar ddeviatio n no w equal s 28.39 , th e mea n equal s 55.55 , an dth e trigge r valu e i s equal to 108.03

. I

f releas e 3 2 i s equal to 11 0 pounds , i t mus t b e reporte dto th e National Respons e Center

becaus e i t i s greate r than th e trigge r valu e o f 108.03 pounds

. The trigge r valu e remain s th e sam e fo r th e nex t release becaus e th e 11 0 poun drelease i s no t adde dto th e release history an dn o ne w standar d deviatio n i s calculated

. 3. Demonstration

Requirements

for Alternative

Tests Person s in charg e wh o wan t t o us e a statistica l tes t

othe r than th e nonparametri c tes t discusse dabov e nee dto demonstrat e th e appropriatenes s o

f th e test

. The demonstratio n mus t

includ e th e following :
• I f th e statistica l tes t

use di s th e Studen t

t tes t or th e Contro l Char

t tes t describe di

n Sectio n 2 abov e th e demonstratio n mus t sho w that th e underlyin g releas e distributio n i s normal

. • Fo r an y othe r alternativ e test , th e perso n in charg e mus t

presen t evidenc e that

th e sensitivity o

f th e alternativ e tes t

i s a t leas t 6 0 percen t accurat e i

n identifyin g th e tru e outlier s or , i

f not , i s a t leas t equivalen t

in sensitivity to th e mos t

sensitiv e tes t

amon g th e nonparameti c test , th e contro l chart test , o r th e Student ! test , describe dabove

. Th e demonstratio n mus t

b e mad e on adat ase t

o f i- t leas t 10 0 dat apoints

. Th e actua l outlier s mus t firs t b e identifie db y examinin g th e tes t dat abas e an ddeterminin g whic h release s ar e in fac t in th e top 5 percen t

o f al l releases

. Thi s determinatio n involve s a straightforwar dobservatio n o f th e tes t dat a base

. Th e alternativ e tes t

mus t the n b e applie dto thi s sam e dat ase t to determin e th e sensitivity b

f th e test

. Sensitivit

y i s define dt o b e th e fractio n o

f releas e identifie db y th e tes t that ar e actuall y in th e top 5 percen t o f al l release s over

th e total number

o f release s in th e to p 5 percent

. Thi s rati o mus t b e a t ; leas t 0. 6 or th e alternativ e tes t

mus t b e a t leas t a s sensitiv e a s th e thre e test s mentione d above

. Fo r example , i

f th e tes t dat ase t contain s 20 0 releases , th e demonstratio n begin s by

. firs t identifyin g th e larges t

1 0 release s in th e dat ase t (th e larges t

5 percen t o f al l releases)

. Th e alternativ e tes t

mus t the n b e applie dto thes e 20 0 releases

. Th e sensitivity o f th e alternativ e tes t

i s th e number

o f correctl y identifie dstatisticall y significant increase s over th e total number

o f statisticall y significant increases

. I

f th e alternativ e tes t correctl y identifie s 7 o

f th e 1 0 release s in th e to p 5 percent , the n th e sensitivity o f th e alternativ e tes t

i s 0. 7 an dth e demonstratio n i s complete an dsatisfactory

. I f th e alternativ e tes t

Correctl y identifie s only 5 o

f th e 1 0 release s i

n th e top 5 percent , the n th e sensitivity o

f th e alternativ e tes t

i s only 0.5

. Although th e sensitivity i s les s than 0.6 , th e alternativ e tes t

woul dstil l b e considere d acceptabl e i

f th e nonparametri c test , contro l chart test , o r Studen t t tes t outline dabov e applie dto th e sam e dat ase t als o ar e only capabl e o f identifyin g 5 o

f th e 1 0 release s in th e top 5 percent

. Th e sensitivity o f th e alternativ e tes t

woul dthe n b e equivalen t to th e sensitivity o

f th e thre e test s describe d abov e an dth e demonstratio n woul db e complete an dsatisfactory

. Al l demonstration s mus t

remai n on fil

e a t th e facilit y (or , i n th e cas e o

f avessel , a

t an office withi n th e Unite dState s in eithe r apor t o f cal l or plac e o f regula r berthing ) an dmus t b e mad e availabl e to EP

A upo n request

. PAR T 355—EMERGENC Y PLANNIN G

AN D NOTIFICATIO N 3

. Th e authorit y citatio n fo r Par t 35 5 i s revise dt o rea da s follows : Authority : 4

2 U.S.C

. 1100

2 an d11048

. 4

. Sectio n 355.4 0 i s amende db y revisin g paragraph s (a)(1 ) an d(a)(2)(iii) , addin g (a)(2)(iv) , an drevisin g (a)(2)(v ) an dth e not e t o paragrap h (a ) t o rea da s follows : § 355.4 0 Emergenc

y releas e notification

. [a) Applicability. (1 ) Th e requirement s o f thi s sectio n appl y t o an y facility : (i ) A t whic h ahazardou s chemica l i s produced , used , o r

stored ; an d (ii ) A t whic h ther e i s areleas e o f a reportabl e quantit y of

an y extremel y hazardou s substanc e o r CERCL A hazardou s substance

. (2) * * * (iii ) An y releas e tha t

is : (A ) Continuou s withou t interruptio n o r abatement ; (B ) Continuou s durin g operatin g hours ;

. o r•„ • (C ) Continuou s durin g regularly

occurrin g batc h processes , an dstabl e i n quantit y an drate , a s determine di n accordanc e wit h 4 0 CF

R302. 8 (excep t fo r "Statisticall y significan t increases " define di n 4 0 CFR302.8(d ) a s th e largest

fiv e percen t

o f al l continuou s release s an ddetermine di n accordanc e wit h th e statistica l methodologie s describe di n § 302.8(d)) ; (iv ) An y releas e of

apesticid e produc t exemp t fro mCERCL A sectio n 103(a ) reportin g unde r

sectio n 103(e ) o f CERCLA : an d (v ) An y releas e exemp t fro mCERCL A sectio n 103(a ) reportin g unde r sectio n 101(22 ) of

CERCLA

. Note : Release s o

f CERCL A hazardou s substances , ar e subjec t

to th e releas e reportin g requirement s o

f CERCL A sectio n 103 , codifie da

t 4 0 CF RPar t 302 , in additio n to th e requirement s o

f thi s part

. * * # * *

.... . |F RDoc

. 88-855 0 File d4-18-88 ; 8:4 5 am )
BILLIN G CODE 6560-50- M