pennsyLvania 

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

SECRETARY 

January 29, 2013 

Mr. Shawn Garvin 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III 

1650 Arch Street (Mail Code: 3RAOO) 

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029 

Dear Mr. Garvin: 

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) is amending the Motor 

Vehicle Emissions Budget (MVEB) for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and fine particulate matter 

(PM2S) previously approved for the Pennsylvania Portion of the Philadelphia-Wilmington, PANJ-DE 1997 PM2.5 Nonattainment Area (77 FR51930, August 28, 2012). The MVEBs have 

been revised to reflect the use of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 

MOVES2010 model. 

On November 6, 2012, DEP requested that EPA "parallel process" this State Implementation 

Plan (SIP) revision pursuant to 40 CFR Part 51 Appendix V, Section 2.3 Exceptions. The EPA 

has approved the use of parallel processing for this SIP revision. 

The public participation process has closed with DEP receiving and responding to one set of 

comments. No changes were made to the SIP revision as a result of comments received. 

Enclosed, you will find both paper and searchable PDF copies of the revised attainment 

demonstration, the comment response document, MOVES2010 inputs and outputs, and copies of 

the newspaper and Pennsylvania Bulletin notices. I certify that the electronic files are exact 

duplicates of the hard copies. 

DEP recognizes that EPA cannot take final action until the revised MVEB has been submitted as 

a formal SIP revision in accordance with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR part 51 

Appendix V, Section 2.1 and 2.2. Since the public participation process has been completed, 

DEP is submitting the formal final SIP revision to satisfy all applicable criteria of sections of 

40 CFR Part 51 Appendix V. 

Thank you in advance for expediting the processing of the revised MVEB for the Philadelphia 

Area to ensure that funding is not delayed for transportation projects in the area. Should you 

have any questions or need additional information, please contact Dean Van Orden, Assistant 

Director of the Bureau of Air Quality, by e-mail at dvanorden@pa.gov or by telephone at 

717.783.9264. 

chael 1. Krancer 

Secretary 

Enclosures 

Rachel Carson State Office Building I P.O. Box 2063 I Harrisburg, PA 17105-2063 

717.787.2814 � Printed on Recycled Paper Z6Ci www.depweb.state.pa.us 
Proposed Revision to the State Implementation Plan for the Motor Vehicle Emissions 

Budgets for the 5-County Philadelphia Fine Particulate Matter Nonattainment Area

Public Hearing

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (Department) is revising the Motor 

Vehicle Emissions Budgets (MVEBs) included in the State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision: 

Attainment Demonstration and Base Year Inventory for 1997 fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

National Ambient Air Quality Standard for the 5-county Philadelphia area (77 FR 51930, August 

28, 2012). The revised budgets, once approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

(EPA), will expedite future transportation planning for the 5-county Philadelphia Area (Bucks, 

Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties). 

The EPA developed a new computer model, the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator 

(MOVES2010) that estimates emissions from highway vehicles more accurately. EPA also 

provided a two-year grace period prior to requiring that MOVES be used for regional emissions 

analyses for transportation conformity determinations (75 FR 9411, March 2, 2010).

Subsequently, EPA announced that the most updated version of MOVES must be used for 

regional transportation conformity analyses that begin after March 2, 2013 (77 FR 11394, 

February 27, 2012). 

The approved PM2.5 attainment plan for the 5-county Philadelphia Area used the former EPAapproved model, Mobile6, for estimating highway vehicles emissions in 2009. Emissions of 

NOx and PM2.5 are estimated to be at higher levels by the new model than what was approved in 

the attainment plan. The Transportation Conformity regulation specifies that emissions from 

updated local transportation improvement plans must not exceed the MVEBs in the area’s 

approved, applicable SIP. By using similar modeling in transportation planning and the SIP, a 

more realistic comparison between the two plans will reduce the chance of transportation 

projects being delayed. 

It is important to note that higher emission estimates calculated by MOVES do not mean that 

emissions from vehicles actually increased. The MOVES model more accurately estimates 

emissions that are already being produced by vehicles. Consequently, the ability of the area to 

attain the fine particulate matter standard will not be affected by migration to the new model.

This proposed SIP revision is available on the Department's website at www.depweb.state.pa.us 

(choose “Air Plans”) or through the contact persons listed below.

The Department is seeking public comment on this SIP revision and changes made to the 

MVEBs in the PM2.5 attainment plan for the 5-county Philadelphia area. The Department will 

hold a public hearing to receive comments on the proposal on Monday, December 17, 2012, at 

11 a.m. in the Ridley Creek Room at the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental 

Protection’s Southeast Regional Office, 2 East Main Street, Norristown, PA 19401. 

Persons wishing to present testimony at the hearing should contact Alex Haas, P.O. Box 8468, 

Harrisburg, PA 17105, (717) 787-9495 or alehaas@pa.gov to reserve a time. If, by 
December 13, 2012, no person has expressed intent to testify at the hearing, the hearing will be 

cancelled. Witnesses should keep testimony to ten minutes and should provide two written

copies of their statement at the hearing. 

Persons with a disability who wish to attend the hearing and require an auxiliary aid, service or 

other accommodation to participate in the proceeding should contact Alex Haas at 

(717) 787-9495 or alehaas@pa.gov. TDD users may contact the AT&T Relay Service at 

(800) 654-5984 to discuss how the Department can best accommodate their needs.

The Department must receive comments no later than December 17, 2012. Written comments 

should be sent to the attention of Arleen Shulman, Chief, Division of Air Resource Management, 

Bureau of Air Quality, P.O. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468, or via email at 

ashulman@pa.gov. Use “Philadelphia MVEB Revisions” in the subject line. 

MICHAEL L. KRANCER,

Secretary
ut:l-I01 1.11 I""

 '" -, 

• 

Environmental Protectlon 

NOV 1 9 2012 

COWJ.\ONWEAl TH OF PENNSYLVANIA 

STo.S21 REV. 06-2010 Air Resource Management INVOICE NO. 

PUBLICATIONS AUTHORIZA ,.j{¥JO INVOICE 

PUBLICATIONS AUTHORIZATION 

TO: (NAMe. "NO AOORESSOF wew$PA.I'U) 

Bucks County Courier TImes 

8400 N Bristol Pike 

Levittown, PA 19057 

! FeDe�AL to, NOJSOC. sec. NO. 

I 23-0433913 

••••• ; ......... ,.1h"� .................... h, ;� ...... I�.� ..

 I ...... I ... � .. "'''' �I·"" " , •••• ." •••• 

HEREWITH IS ENCLOSED COPY FOR PUBLICATION OF ADVERTISEMENT FOR PROPOSALS TO 

FAOM: (NAMS ANOADORESS OF AGENCV) AGENCY 

Alex Haas 

PA DEP • Bureau of Air Quality 

400 Market Street 

I-tMri,hllm PA 17101\ D 

TYPE OF AD 

TELEPHONE NO. 

717·787�9495 

r EMPLOY r PURCHASE r CONTRACT r CLASSIFIED IX: LEGAL NOTice 

PUBLISH ADVERTISEMENT (NO. OF TIMeS) MAXIMUM NO. OF l 

lx Only 

DATES OF INSERTION RE FOR �E�-

November 16, 2012 Z. 

ORDER NO, 

You, as vendor, are authorized to publish this advertisement in your newspaper, subject to the terms of this order, as follows: 

Advertisement to be published in 'regular advertising columns, no position specified; caption of two lines and signature to be in 

capitals and subject matter and title of officer to be set solid in type regularly used by your newspaper for public (legal) notice 

advertising; charge to be made at the rate charged to and paiq by commercial advertisers for matter similarly set and occupying 

similar space; advertisement to be run in the editions specified above. Vendor agrees that, in the performance of any contract 

awarded to it hereun'der, said vendor will not discriminate against any employee or other persons on account of race, color, sex, 

religious creed, ancestry. age or national origin and that the Commonwealth, upon receipt of satisfactory evidence of such discrimination, shall have the right to cancel said contract. Return this copy at once if you will not accept this advertisement under 

the terms set forth. 

Return original and two copies (signed by the editor or publisher) to the agency listed above. Proof of advertiSing 

in the form of a tear sheet must be stapled to original and copies. Original must be notarized. 

Commonwealth to be billed only for actual number of printed lines published. 

SAP FUND COSTCE'NTER GENERAL LEOGER ACCOUNT CODe % 

SAP 7027312000 1/0 V16411 000000 

CC 3522710000 GL6343200 " 

',' -

INVOICE (To be completed by publisher): 

OA TE OF INSERTION ACTUAL NO. OF PRINTEO UNES COSTPERUNE TOTAL AMOUNT 

1stAd 

2nd Ad 

lrd Ad 

__ 

GRANO TOTAL + 

• __ ...• _____ --L. ___ ���__Io.:.� 

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 

County of £> LlGk, S 

Before me, the subscriber, a Notary Public in and for said Cou ty, perso 

who ���u�. om.do�dep e and y ��he i� �·�l�t�i�n��������������������-

the I Q.

 11 N\ e. a general newspaper published at 

that the advertisement, of which tearsheet is attached heretol was published in the regular advertising columns of said newspaper, 

in the editions of said newspaperl in all respects as ordered and invoiced above; and that the Commonwealth is not charged 

therefor at a ra.te higher than is charged any ordinary advertiser for a similar amount of matter occupying similar space and set in a 

similar matter, in said newspaper. 

Sworn and subs ribed before me this __

 ____ _ 

day of�� 
NOTICE 

of PUBLIC HEARIN.G 

Proposed Revision to the 

State Implementation 

Plan for the Motor, 

, Vehicle Emissions 

Budgets for the 5-Countv 

Philadelphia Fine 

Particulate Motter 

Nonattainment 'Area 

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protectidn (Department) is revising the Motor Vehicle Emissions 

Budgets (MVEBs) included in the State, Implementation Plan (SIP) Revisian:' Attainment Demonstration and Base Year 

,Inventory for 1997 fine 

particulate matter 

(PM2,5) Nationat Ambient Air Quality Standaro 

for the 5-county Philadelphia are,a (n FR 51930, 

August 28, 2012). The revised \ budgets, once ap- ' 

proved by the U.S. Envi� 

ron mental Protection 

Asency (EPA), will expedite future trcmsportation 

plar:mingfor the 5-countv 

Philadelphiq Area 

(Bucks, Chester, Dela- I 

ware, MontgomerY dnd 

Philadelphia counties). 

The EPA developed a 

new computer modeL the 

I Motor Vehicle Emissions 

'Simulator (MOVES2010) 

that estimates emissions 

from highway vehicles 

more accuf:otely. EPA also provided"a-

 two-year 

grace period prior to requiring that ,MOVES be 

used for regional emissions pnalvses for transportation conformity determinations (75 FR 9411, 

March 2, 2010). Subsequently, Ef>A announced 

that the' most updated 

Version ,of MOVES must 

be ' used· for ' regional 

transportation contormay 

analyses tl'jat-begin after 

MarCh;:,2�, 

H394, Febrtfarv 27, 2012), 

The a proved PM2.5 attainment plan for" the Scounty Philqdelphia Area 

used the' former EPAapproved model; "Mobile6, 

highW(:i.Y 

of 

estim 

, levels:by 

than what 

was approved in the attainment' , plan. The 

Transportation Conformity regulation specifies 

that emiis.lons from updated locanransportation 

imprOVemEmt plans must 

not exceed the MVEBs in 

the area's, approved, ap.­

plicable SIP. By using 

sim;lar',ll')odel.ingdn"irans, 

portatlon planning and 

the SIP, a more realistic 

comparison between the 

two plans will reduce the 

chance . 'Of transportation 

proiects being delayed. 

It is important to note 

that higher emission esti� 

motes' calculated by 

MOVES do not mean that 

emissions from vehicles 

actually increased. The 

MOVES model more occ;urately estimates emis-

, sians that ore already beinS produced' by vehicles. " . 

Consequently f the ability 

of the area to attain the 

fine particulate matter 

standard will not be affected by migration to the 

new model. 

This proposed SIP revision is available on the 

Department's "website at 

www.depweb.state.pa.us 

(choose "Air Plans") or 

through the contact per· 

sons listed below. 

" 

The Department is seek· 

ing public comment on 

this SIP revision and 

changes made to the 

MVESs in the PM2.5 aftainment plan for the 5-

county Philadelphia area. 

The Department will hold 

a Pllblic hearing to receive. comments on the 

proposal on 

,

Mond�v, December 17, 2012, at 11 

a.m', in the Ridley Creek 

Room at the Pennsylvo-

_,_ .. __ .... ,,_ .. _"" _� .r-_.�'! 

,;Pel"so!,\s w

, .

ent testimony at the hearing shOUld contact Alex 

'Haas;'p,O! Box,846S; Har� I 

. risbur:€I� 

. 

fiA: 111Q5,. (717) 

7#7-9.49.5, '01'0 , : a i e ha a @(, ,. 

";'�Serif� a,time; 

, . ""12� �, 

it:l,tel1J to .. "t�stifY,. at. the 

hearing, the hearing will ' 

be cancelled. Witnesses 

should keep testimony to 

ten minutes and should 

provide two written copies of their statement at 

the hearing,_ ' 

" Persorts with a disability 

Who wish to attend the 

hearing' and require an 

auxiliarY aid, service or 

other accommodation to 

participate in the pro­

" ceedlng"-sl'ioij1(:C-tCrnlacf 

AI�x Haas at (717) .. 787� 

9495 or alehaas@pa.gov. 

TDD users may contact 

the AT&T Relay Service 

at (SOO) 654·5984 to discuss hoW the Department 

can . best accommodate 

their needs. 

The . Department must 

receive comments no .later than December" 17, 

2012. Written comments 

should be sent to .. th� attention of Arleen 

\ Shulman,. Chief, Division 

of Air Resou'rt:e Management; �ureat.l of Air Qual. 

ity, \,0. Box, 1!468" Harrisburg" PA 1710S-8!16S, or 

via email at ashulman 

, �pi:t.gov. Use"

'f:hiiade/: 

phia, MYEB,Revisions,i iil 

the subject, line. 

MICHAEL L. KRANCER, 

Secretary 

1t N 16 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING INVOICE 

ACCOUNT INFORMATION 

DELAWARE COUNTY TIMES 

P.O. BOX 347 

PRIMOS, PA 19018 

oepartmen\ 

Environmental PrOlcCi;.i::." 

PHONE NO: 

ACCOUNT NO: 

DATE: 

717-787-9495 

893·0657493 

11/16/2012 

Address Service Requested 

NOV 2 6 2012 TERMS: PAYABLE ON RECEIPT 

Air Resource Managemen�' 

Division 

CLE Page 1 of 1 

CUSTOMER NAME AND ADDRESS:, 

PA DEP/BUREAU OF AIR QUALITY 

400 MARKET STREET 

12TH FLOOR 

PO BOX 8468 

HARRISBURG, PA 17105-8468 FIRST NOTICE 

0040B027 MTW 086 PUBLIC NOTICEPROPOSED �EV 

2822128, MTW. ALEXANDER HAAS EMAIL 

DCTDCW 

PA DEP BUREAU OF AIR 

Motor Vehicle Emissi 11/16/12 11/16/12 

*** THANK YOU FOR YOUR PROMPT PAYMENT *** 

BILLING INQUIRIES 877-573-0236 MON�FRJ 8:30 AM - 5PM 

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 610-6 MON-FRI 

8:30 AM -5PM 

DISPLAY ADVERTISING 610-622-8865 MON·FRI 9:00 AM - 5 PM 

02 

SUBSCRIPTIONS 888-799-6299 MON·FRI6:00 AM - 5 PM SAT/SUN 6-12:00 PM 

WEB SITE DELCOTIMES.COM 

171.00 531 

19I�J':.f.!MQ.l)J'�I!t-J_q!-_lJQ.!;§_�y"8..Q.H.�.B.Q!;_Qf_�§-,951f;JtPJ3QQf� ___________________________________________ • ______ •• _._._. ______________ . _________________ . _____ .. _. _______ • ____ • ___ •• ___ _ 

DELAWARE COUNTY TIMES 

P.O. BOX 347 

PRIMOS, PA 19018 

Detach and return this portion with your payment. FIRST NOTICE 

Please do NOT include correspondence 

or write on this remittance form. 

PHONE NO: 717-787-9495 

ACCOUNT NO: 893-0657493 

ACCOUNT NAME: PA DEP/BUREAU OF AIR QUALITY 

AMOUNT PAID: $ 

CHECK# 

CLE 

MAIL PROMPTLY TO: 

lu,II,.I.IIII.IIII1Hullmlll .. I,I",IIIIIII.ull.ull'lIl1 

DELAWARE COUNTY DAILY TIMES 

P.O, BOX 1877 

ALBANY, NY 12201-1877 

893000CLE000000657493000000657493000000408027000053195000053195111620123 
Copy of Notice or PubU,cation 

lot�r Vehicle Emission? Budgets f()r 

1t Area 

tent} is revising the Motor 

�p(��e�tation Plan (SI ) R

{W

��o�} 

97 fine particulate mat e

A

r , t 28 

.1 hia area' (77 FR 51939. ugus . '! 

��ehtat Protection Agency (EPA). WII; 

?hilade\phia Area (Bucks, Chester,

.

, 

:. Emissions Simulator (MOVES2010) 

- t '

'iy' ;EPA"also provldect,a two·y�ax ' ra e .

, . " '" analyses for 

orC Jegional emiSSions , " 

' 

EP/f 

h 2 2010) Subs!;lquent!y, . 

a

b� used ior r gional"transportatl0'1 

394, February 27,2012), , ', 

dl hia Are, a usee! the ,former EP

;�si6�sin 2009,Emissi9ns Of �q� ���" 

lodel'tha.n whavwas a

pprove I "d

" 

>pecifies that emissions f�

om update

d

:

' 

, 

the MVEBs in the area s appro�e ," 

I .. 

, 

.. , nd the SIP-a more realiStIC. 

p anmng, a , ;' " . d layed 

tra.nsportation pf:()lects, bemg e

" 'h �'�:, 

I d b MOVES do not mean ti:l' 

�u 

a e

ode

Y 

more 'accurately estimat�,�': 

q�ntly,the ability ,oi the area to attam

<. 

igratipo tg the new n:'0�el.

. 

,, '

,. 

lt's we��ite�t www.depwel:?��t�.pa.us 

alolJlf.� ',

. , ' , MV

lisign th� �:8�rtrit��

O

h�d a pUbli� 

,

ar(i;}a

'ember17 2012, at 11 a.m· to the 

f ���irO�mef1ta\ protection's southeast' 

�uld cgntact Al�X Haas, P.O: Box 6468.; 

to reserV(;:l ,a by . time. If, '1\ b 

�e:�� sh�

� �� ��

e

w�� ��o s � 

,) 

I and require an auxiliary �id, service or 

uld contact Alex Haas a� 

act the_AT&T Rel.aX S�rylc� �t _

_ , 

accommodate theIr needs. , 

D�cember 172012. Written ,9pmrnents 

�f Division of Air:Resource Man�gemen� 

)5-8468, or vl� emaH at asl')l

l�an@pa.�

o

, 

. 

MICHAEL L. KRANCER,' 

Secre�ry 

Proof of Publication of Notice in Delaware County Daily Tinles 

Under Newspaper Advertising Act. No. 587. Approved May 16, 1929 

State ofPennsylvania� 

County of Delaware, } SS. 

LYNN D. BETTCHER designated agent of CENTRAL STATES PUBLISHING. INC.. 

being duly sworn, dCI10SCS and says that the DELA WARE COUNTY DAILY TIMES, a daily newspnper of gener,,1 drcuhllioll 

as defined in the above-mentioned Act, published at Primos, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, was estahlished Scpfemher 7, 

1876, and issued and published continuously thereafter for a period of 100 )'cal's and for 11 pel'iod of more thlm six months 

immediately prior hereto, (under the name Chester Times prior to November 2. 1959) in tbe City of Chester, Coullty of 

Delaware and further says that the printed notice or publication attached hereto Is an exact copy of a notice or pllhlic;\lion 

printed and published in the regular edition and issues of the

'

DELA WARE COUNTY DAI LY TIMES on the following dates, 

viz ................................................................................................................. . 

November 16, A.D. 20 12 

and that said advertising was inserted in all respects as ordered. 

Affiant further deposes that h� is the proper person duly nuthodzed by CENTRAL STATES 

PUBLISlIING, INC. publisher of said DELAWARE COUNTY DAILY TIMES, a newspaper of general circuilltioll, to \,cl'iry 

the foregoing statement under oath and that affiant is not interested In the subject mailer of the afol'csaid notiee or 

advertisement, and that all allegations in the foregoing statements as to time, place and character of publk:ltion lire true. 

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 

16 day of November 20 12 
Copy of Notice or'publication 

PUBLIC NOTICE 

Prop'osed Revision to the State Implementation Plan for the Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets for 

the 5�County Phila�elphia Fine Particulate Matter Nonattainment Area ' . 

Public Hearing 

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (D�partfTlent) is revising th� Motor 

Vehicle Emissions Budgets (MVEBs) included in the State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision: 

Attainment Demonstration and Base Year Inventory for 1997 fine particulate matter (PM2.5) 

National Ambient Air Quality Standard for the 5�county Philadefphia area'(77 FR 51939, August 28, 

2012). The revised budgets, once approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency {EPA}, wm 

expedite future transportation planning for the 5�county Philadelphia Area (Bucks, Chester;; 

Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties). . .

.

.

.. ' 

The EPA developed a new computer model, the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES201 0) . 

that estimates emissions from highway vehicles more accurately. EPA 'also provided a two�year 

grace period prior to, requiring that MOVES be used .for regional emissions analyses for' 

transportation conformity determinations (75 FR 9411, March 2, 2010). Subsequently, EPA 

announced that the most updated version' of MOVES must be used for regionaf transportation 

conformity analyses that beglO after March 2, 2013 (77 FR 11394, February 27,2012). . 

The approved PM2.5 attainment plan for the S.county Philadelphia Area used the former EPA-') 

approved model, Mobile6, for estimating highway vehicles emis,si61ls in 2009. Emissions of NOx and .

. PM2 . . 

attainment plan, Tne Transportation Conformity regulation spec�fies that emissions from updated, 

local. transportation improvemeht plans must not exceed the MVEBs in the area's approved, 

applicable SIp. By using similar modeling in transportation planning and the SIp, a more realistic 

comparison between the two pl�ns will reduce·the chance of transportation pr�jeqts being delayed." 

It is importanHo"note that high�r emission estimateir calculated by MOVES do not mean that" 

emissions from vehicles actually increased: The MOVES ... model more accurately estimate'�· I em

.

issioQS that are·alre�dy being produced 

.

.

the fine particulate matter standard will not be affected by.mlgrati9n to the new model. . 

. � 

This proposed SIP re

. 

ViSion

.

, 

partment's w

. 

ebsite at www.depweb.state.pa.us :. 

(choose "Air Plans") or throui;Jh the. contact persons li�ted below. ' 

The.Departmentjs seeking public comment on ,this SIP revisio.n and changes made'to the MVEBs 

in the PM2.5 attainment plan for the 5-couflty Philadelphia area. The Depart!lent will hold a public 

hearing to receive comments on the proposal on Monday, Decemoer 17. 2012. at 11 a.m. in .the 

Ridley Creek Room at the, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's Southeast 

Regional Office,' 2 East Main Street, Norristown, PA 19401. ' 

Persons wishing to present testimonY at tlie hearing should cOfltact Alex Haas, P.O: Box 8468�' 

Har�isburg, PA 17105, (717) 787·9495 or alehaas@pa.gov to reserve a time. If, by 

December 13, 2012, no person has expressed intent to testify at the hearing, the hearing will b,e 

cancelled. Witnesses should keep testimany·to ten minutes and,should provide. 

their statement at the hearing. ' 

.

.. : . 

, Persons with a disability who wish to attend the hearing and require an auxiliary aid, service or 

other accommodation to partiCipate in the proc�e�illg should contact Alex Haas at 

' 

(717) 787-9495 or ajehaas@pa.gov. TDD users inaycontact the.AT&TR�I.?y.§�ryice'at .

(800) 654-:5984 to diSCUSS how the Department can best accommodate theIr needs." .. 

,�,::,

.

" 

The Department must receive comments no later than December 17, 2012. Written ,comments 

should be sent to the attention of Arleen Shulman, Chief, Division of Air. Resource Management, 

Bureau of Air Quality, P.O. Box 8468, .Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468, or via email at ashulman@pa.gov .. 

I Use "Philadelph.ia 

I MICHAEL L. KR ANCER, 

_. Secretary 

i I 

Sta' 

COl 

LYl 

being 

as de£. 

1876, : 

inUlcd 

Delaw: 

printe� 

viz ....... 

·and that 

PUDUSi 

the forc: 

aclvcrtisi: 

Swol'n to 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Comment Response Document for the Revisions to the Pennsylvania Portion of the PhiladelphiaWilmington, Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware 1997 PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

January 2013

COMMENTATORS

1. Russell Zerbo

Federal Advocacy Coordinator

Clean Air Council

(Address not provided)

COMMENTS AND RESPONSES

1. Comment: The commentator applauds the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental 

Protection’s (Department) efforts to replace Mobile6-generated emissions estimates in the State 

Implementation Plan.

Response: The Department appreciates the comment. When there is a change to the highway 

emissions model, it becomes important to revise the motor vehicle emissions budget (MVEB) in 

the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for some areas. Transportation planning could be hindered 

if the MVEB in the SIP is exceeded as a result of emission estimates developed by two different 

computer models being used.

2. Comment: The Council urges the Department to urge the Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) to urge the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to expand the MVEB to 

continue efforts to lower sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia, and volatile organic compounds (VOC).

Response: This SIP revision is not a new attainment plan. The EPA approved the attainment 

plan on August 28, 2012 (77 FR51930). As a result of the control measures discussed in the 

attainment plan, the area has attained the 1997 standard as well as the 2006 standard for PM2.5. 

The sole purpose of this SIP revision is to recalculate highway emissions and set an updated 

MVEB as discussed in response to comment 1. The Department requested comment on the 

MVEB. The EPA has recently promulgated a new PM2.5 annual National Ambient Air Quality 

Standard (NAAQS); the Department will continue efforts to reduce PM2.5 and its precursors, as 

necessary and appropriate to attain that standard throughout the Commonwealth.

3. Comment: The commentator stated that it is inappropriate to cut efforts to curb certain 

types of pollutants.

Response: The sole purpose of this SIP revision is to recalculate the MVEB. The Department is 

not cutting efforts to curb certain types of pollutants. In the attainment plan described above, the 

Department describes measures to lower ambient concentrations of PM2.5 by requiring reductions

of direct PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors while focusing on sources of pollution that offer large, costeffective reductions.
4. Comment: The commentator stated that the Department should continue to strive to 

reduce emissions of sulfur pollution from mobile sources. Although the amount of sulfur 

pollution being produced by mobile sources is low, it could go even lower.

Response: The sole purpose of this SIP revision is to recalculate the MVEB. The Department is 

striving to reduce emissions of pollutants from all sources that offer a large reduction potential 

and prove to be cost-effective in order to meet the NAAQS. Many sources, other than mobile 

sources, produce more emissions of sulfur pollutants and provide an opportunity to reduce more 

emissions of sulfur pollution cost-effectively.

5. Comment: The commentator discussed that a new EPA study concluded that VOC

emissions can contribute from 20 percent to 80 percent of PM2.5 ambient air concentrations.

Response: The sole purpose of this SIP revision is to recalculate the MVEB. No MVEB was 

established for VOC in the attainment plan (see further discussion in the response to comment 6). 

To the point raised about the study, the Department is uncertain to which study on the EPA’s 

website the commentator is referring. The Department located a study that concluded that VOC 

emissions contribute 20 percent to 80 percent of PM2.5 concentrations. It was an undated study 

prepared by MACTEC for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) entitled Evaluating the 

Contribution of PM2.5 Precursor Gases and Re-entrained Road Emissions to Mobile Source 

PM2.5 Particulate Matter Emissions. The reference to the range of 20 percent to 80 percent was 

made in the conclusion section to demonstrate the high variability and uncertainty of the VOC 

contribution toward PM2.5 formation. It also stated in the conclusion section that VOC from 

mobile sources could contribute 16 percent to 33 percent of PM2.5 concentrations. And in the 

body of the text, it stated that VOC emissions in general contribute between 11 percent and 41 

percent of PM2.5 formation. Both the FHWA study and EPA’s Clean Air Fine Particle 

Implementation Rule for the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS (72 FR 20586) point out that great uncertainty 

exists to how much mobile source VOC emissions contribute overall. The study also states, “Of 

the amounts of NOX and VOC from on-road sources, the formation of PM2.5 from these 

chemicals varies greatly, and was not able to be conclusively determined from the literature. In 

general, all mobile sources (including on- and off-road) are thought to contribute approximately 

20 percent of total PM2.5 annual emissions in the United States.”

6. Comment: The commentator stated that the Department should monitor and control 

emissions of VOC and ammonia from mobile sources.

Response: The Department regulates highway vehicle emissions of VOC through such programs 

as the Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles Program in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 126 through which the 

Department adopted California light-duty vehicle emissions standards, and Stage II vapor 

controls for refueling. Vehicle emission inspection and maintenance are required for most 

vehicles in the area and federal Reformulated Gasoline is required year-round. Furthermore, the 

Department follows transportation conformity regulations in 40 CFR Part 93 when establishing 

an MVEB for PM2.5 and its precursors. Section 93.102 requires conformity determinations to be 

applicable to direct emissions of PM2.5 and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) (unless a determination is 

made that transportation-related emissions of NOx are not significant contributors to PM2.5), but 

to emissions of SO2, VOC, and ammonia only if a finding is made that transportation-related 

emissions of these pollutants are significant contributors to PM2.5. Neither the EPA nor the 

Department has made a finding that VOC or ammonia are significant contributors to the 
formation of PM2.5. As discussed above, much uncertainty exists as to how much PM2.5

formation is influenced by VOC and ammonia emissions. Nevertheless, mobile source programs 

that the Department has in place continue to reduce the emissions of VOC from the mobile 

sector. 

7. Comment: The commentator stated that the Department should continue to pursue 

emission reductions, especially VOC and ammonia, from a larger variety of emissions sources.

Response: The sole purpose of this SIP revision is to recalculate the MVEB. In the attainment 

plan, the Department describes a variety of pollution control measures that will reduce emissions 

of direct PM2.5, as well as PM2.5 precursors, and lower ambient PM2.5 concentrations for years to 

come. For example, new standards for mobile sources will lower emissions of VOC, NOX, and 

PM2.5 from highway and nonroad vehicles and engines as newer vehicles replace older, more 

polluting vehicles. The Department has recently implemented regulations to lower emissions of 

VOC from adhesives and architectural coatings and mandated lower levels of sulfur in home 

heating oil will lower SO2 emissions during the winter.

The Department has not regulated ammonia due to the uncertainty expressed by the scientific 

community of what effect that would have on PM2.5 ambient air quality concentrations as well as 

the overall ecology. For instance, lowering emissions of ammonia could increase acidification of 

particles which could increase acid deposition in our waterways. Increased acidification in our 

waterways could support the growth of algae blooms and destroy fragile ecosystems. Particle 

formation related to ammonia emissions is complex. EPA stated in their Clean Air Fine Particle 

Implementation Rule (72 FR 20586) that lowering emissions of ammonia involves a high level 

of uncertainty as to the effect such an action would have. EPA also had difficulties in 

demonstrating the efficacy of ammonia control measures consistently from case to case. This is 

an area which requires additional research before ammonia control measures are inserted into 

future SIP revisions.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

FINAL

STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN REVISION: 

REVISED MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS BUDGETS 

PENNSYLVANIA PORTION OF THE PHILADELPHIAWILMINGTON, PA-NJ-DE

1997 FINE PARTICULATE MATTER 

NONATTAINMENT AREA

JANUARY 2013

Bureau of Air Quality

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

P.O. Box 8468

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468

717-787-9495

www.depweb.state.pa.us

Tom Corbett

Governor

Michael L. Krancer

Secretary
(This page is left intentionally blank)
- 1 -

Introduction and Overview

This State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision will update the approved Motor Vehicle 

Emissions Budgets (MVEBs) in the State Implementation Plan Revision: Attainment 

Demonstration and Base Year Inventory Pennsylvania Portion of the Philadelphia-Wilmington, 

PA-NJ-DE 1997 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Nonattainment Area (Attainment Plan).

On April 12, 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection submitted to the 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a revision to the SIP which contained MVEBs for 

the Pennsylvania portion of the PM2.5 nonattainment area (Bucks, Chester, Delaware, 

Montgomery and Philadelphia counties). The SIP revision also contained an attainment 

demonstration, reasonably available control measures and technology (RACM/RACT), a 

reasonable further progress (RFP) plan and contingency measures. The Department amended the 

SIP revision on August 3, 2012, by withdrawing the RACM/RACT portion. The SIP revision 

demonstrated attainment for the 1997 annual PM2.5 national ambient air quality standard 

(NAAQS) for the Philadelphia-Wilmington, Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware (PA-NJ-DE) 

nonattainment area. The EPA promulgated a final rulemaking that approved the attainment 

demonstration on August 28, 2012 (77 FR 51930). The attainment demonstration is the 

applicable SIP for the Pennsylvania portion (5-county Philadelphia area) of the PM2.5

nonattainment area. 

The EPA’s transportation conformity regulation codified at 40 CFR Part 93, Subpart A (relating 

to conformity to state or federal Implementation plans of transportation plans, programs, and 

projects developed, funded or approved under Title 23 U.S.C. or the federal transit laws) requires 

that the transportation plan, transportation improvement program (TIP), and projects not from a 

conforming transportation plan and TIP, be consistent with the MVEBs in the applicable air 

quality SIP. This criterion is satisfied if the state can demonstrate that emissions of the 

pollutants or pollutant precursors for which the area is in nonattainment or maintenance, and for 

which the applicable SIP contains MVEBs approved or deemed adequate by the EPA, are less 

than or equal to the MVEBs established in the applicable SIP or SIP submission. The 

metropolitan planning organization for the 5-county Philadelphia area, the Delaware Valley 

Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC), ensures that emissions resulting from its TIP are less 

than the MVEBs in the SIP by completing periodic conformity determinations, which are subject 

to public review and comment. 

The MVEBs included in the approved PM2.5 attainment demonstration were estimated using the 

EPA-approved highway emissions model in effect at the time, the Highway Mobile Source 

Emission Factor Model version 6.2 (Mobile6.2). The MVEBs in the attainment demonstration 

included emission budgets for both NOx and PM2.5. On March 2, 2010, the EPA released a new 

mobile source emissions model called the Motor Vehicles Emissions Simulator 2010 

(MOVES2010), which was updated in December 2010 to MOVES2010a. The EPA provided a 

two-year grace period to transportation planning organizations, ending March 2, 2012, during 

which the older Mobile6.2 emissions model could be used to model emissions for transportation 

projects in order to meet the requirements of transportation conformity (75 FR 9,411). On 

October 13, 2011, the EPA proposed a one-year extension to the two-year grace period because 
- 2 -

states and localities needed more time to transition to using MOVES2010a, and to develop the 

technical capacity to use MOVES2010a (76 FR 63575). The EPA finalized the extension on 

February 27, 2012 (77 FR 11394). The 1-year extension provides additional time that may be 

critical for nonattainment and maintenance areas to learn and apply MOVES2010a for regional 

conformity analyses. Any new transportation conformity analysis started after March 2, 2013, 

must use the most up-to-date version of MOVES.

The EPA issued the MOVES2010b version of the model and its associated guidance in April 

2012. The EPA considers both MOVES2010a and MOVES2010b to be minor revisions to 

MOVES2010 that do not significantly affect the results of modeling criteria pollutant estimates 

for highway vehicles. Any references to “MOVES” in this document relate to all of the 

approved versions of the model. By the time that version 2010b was issued, a significant portion 

of the highway vehicle emissions modeling for this final SIP revision had already been 

developed using MOVES 2010a. Revision of the modeling which utilized this update would 

have been impractical.

The DVRPC will soon be required to use the MOVES model to estimate emissions for highway 

vehicle emissions for DVRPC’s long-range plan and TIP when they are amended or updated.

Compared to Mobile6.2, the MOVES model nearly always estimates higher NOx and PM2.5

emissions produced by highway vehicles. Therefore, both NOx and PM2.5 emission estimates for 

new transportation projects produced by the MOVES model would exceed the MVEBs for NOx

and PM2.5 included in the attainment plan. As a result, comparing emissions from the MOVES 

model to the MVEBs included in the approved attainment plan would not allow DVRPC to meet 

the requirements of transportation conformity; the emissions budget in the attainment plan would 

be exceeded and transportation planning would be adversely affected. The DVRPC would 

effectively be prohibited from amending their long-range plan or TIP and unable to complete

some transportation projects in the Pennsylvania portion of the attainment area.

Therefore, the Department is updating the MVEBs in the PM2.5 attainment plan for the 5-county 

Philadelphia area using the newer EPA-approved emissions model, MOVES2010a. The updated 

SIP revision will ensure that results for comparison use the same highway estimation model and 

allow more efficient transportation planning in the 5-county Philadelphia area. When the EPA 

approves the MVEBs in this SIP revision, DVRPC will be able to compare future transportation 

project emissions with attainment plan emissions estimates produced by the same model. The 

revised SIP revision will lead to an equitable and more relevant result when evaluating 

transportation impacts on an area’s air quality.

Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets for Transportation Conformity

The Department proposes to establish budgets for highway emissions in order to ensure that 

transportation emissions do not impede clean air goals for the next decade. The information in 

the table below, once approved by EPA for the purposes of transportation conformity, will 

establish the MVEBs for the 5-county Philadelphia area.

Amendments to the 40 CFR Part 93, Subpart A transportation conformity regulations to address 

the 1997 PM2.5 standard were published in the Federal Register on May 6, 2005, to account for 
- 3 -

PM2.5 and its precursors (70 FR 24280). Section 93.102 requires conformity determinations to be 

applicable to direct emissions of PM2.5 and NOx (unless, with regard to NOx, a determination is 

made that transportation-related emissions are not significant contributors to PM2.5). Section 

93.102 only requires conformity determinations to be applicable to emissions of sulfur dioxide 

(SO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and ammonia (NH3) if a finding is made that 

transportation-related emissions of these pollutants are significant contributors to PM2.5, or if the 

applicable implementation plan (or implementation plan submission) establishes an approved (or 

adequate) budget for the emissions as part of the reasonable further progress, attainment or 

maintenance strategy. Neither of those conditions exists for SO2, VOC or NH3 emissions.

Motor vehicle emissions of SO2 were analyzed using the MOVES model to determine if MVEBs

should be established for these pollutants. Table 1 illustrates below the on-road mobile source 

fraction of the total 2009 inventory for SO2. Motor vehicle emissions of SO2 account for 1% of 

the total projected 2009 inventory for SO2.

Table 1: Comparison of 2009 MOVES Model Precursor Emissions to the Total 

Projected 2009 Inventory

2009 SO2

On-Road Mobile Source Projected Inventory (Tons) 316

Total Projected 2009 Inventory (Tons) 28,189

Percent of Total Projected 2009 Inventory (%) 1.12

MVEBs for SO2, VOC, and NH3 are needed only if the state air agency director or the EPA 

Regional Administrator submit a finding that MVEBs must be established in order to attain the 

NAAQS for PM2.5. The reactions that form particulate matter from emissions of VOC and NH3 

are complex and highly variable, and there is considerable uncertainty regarding the contribution 

of VOC and NH3 to particulate formation. Because of this uncertainty, the Commonwealth is 

not considering VOC or NH3 as PM2.5 precursors for the purpose of the attainment plan. As 

shown in Table 1, motor vehicle emissions of SO2 are a small percentage of the total inventory. 

Based on the uncertainty surrounding VOC and NH3 and the fact that no applicable finding has 

been made for them or for SO2, the Department is only establishing MVEBs for direct PM2.5 and 

NOx, as shown in Table 2.

Pennsylvania proposes to revise the MVEBs for highway emissions for direct PM2.5 and NOx, as 

shown in Table 2. Once the EPA approves these MVEBs as a SIP revision for purposes of 

conformity, the MVEBs will be used in transportation conformity for the 5-county Philadelphia 

area. 

It is important to mention that higher emission estimates calculated by MOVES2010a do not 

mean that emissions from vehicles actually increased. The MOVES model better estimates 

emissions that are already being produced by vehicles. Consequently, the ability of the area to 

attain the fine particulate matter standard will not be affected by using estimates produced by the 

new model.
- 4 -

The MVEBs in the currently-approved SIP will be superseded by this SIP revision. A detailed 

methodology of how highway emissions were estimated can be found in Appendix A of the SIP 

revision.

Table 2: Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets

Conclusion

This final SIP revision will update the approved MVEBs for NOx and PM2.5 emissions in the 

Commonwealth’s approved PM2.5 SIP for the 5-county Philadelphia area. This update, which is

due to a change in methodology, will not negatively affect the 5-county Philadelphia area’s 

ability to attain the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Calendar Year Pollutant

NOx PM2.5

2009 Budget 51,908,101 kilograms/year

(57,218.3 tons/year)

1,730,472 kilograms/year

(1907.5 tons/year)
APPENDIX A 

Philadelphia, PA portion of the Philadelphia-Wilmington, 

PA-NJ-DE Nonattainment Area: 

Emissions Inventory for the PM2.5 NAAQS 

Technical Support Document 

Mobile Source Highway Emissions Inventory 

Executive Summary 

February 2012 

 Prepared for: 

Mobile Sources Section, Bureau of Air Quality 

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

PO Box 8468 

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468 

 Prepared by: 

Michael Baker, Jr., Inc. 

1304 Concourse Drive 

Linthicum, MD 21090 

410-689-3400 
Philadelphia, PA : Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary

 Philadelphia, PA portion of the Philadelphia-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE Nonattainment Area: 

Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Revisions 

Executive Summary 

February 2012

Exhibit of Contents 

SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................. 1

REVISED EMISSIONS INVENTORY .............................................................................................................................. 1

ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 3

DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS TOOLS........................................................................................................... 4

ANALYSIS TOOLS ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

TRAFFIC DATA SOURCE/FLEET DATA INPUTS ........................................................................................................... 5

I/M AND FUEL PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................................................... 7

METEOROLOGY DATA ............................................................................................................................................... 8

VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS .......................................................................................................................... 8

RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

List of Exhibits 

EXHIBIT 1: SUMMARY OF APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... 1

EXHIBIT 2: REVISED MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS USING MOVES2010A ..................................................................... 2

EXHIBIT 3: SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS TOOLS ................................................................................................................... 4

EXHIBIT 4: PPSUITE PROCESS ...................................................................................................................................... 5

EXHIBIT 5: VMT GROWTH ............................................................................................................................................. 6

Summary of Appendices 

Appendix A-1: Mobile Source Highway Emissions Inventory – An Explanation of Methodology 

Appendix A-2: Emission Results for PM2.5 (PM2.5, PM10, VOC, CO, NOx, SO2, NH3) 

(By Year, Road Type and Source Type) 

Appendix A-3: MOVES Sample Input Files 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 1

SUMMARY 

This technical appendix supports the revised PM2.5 State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania portion of the Philadelphia-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE Area. This includes the following 

counties: Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties. To meet emission inventory 

requirements of section 172(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act, a regional mobile source highway inventory has

been prepared for direct and precursor PM2.5 emissions. Emissions are estimated for the 2002 and 2009 

analysis years. The pollutants included in the inventory are primary emissions (including condensibles) 

of PM2.5 and PM10 and the precursor emissions of VOC, CO, NOx, SO2, and NH3. 

This appendix and the associated analyses update past submissions using MOBILE6.2, the latest EPAapproved emission model at that time. On March 2, 2010, EPA officially released MOVES2010a to be 

used for all SIP submittals and future transportation conformity analyses after a grace period through

March 2, 2012. On February 15, 2012, EPA extended the grace period to March 2, 2013. This state 

implementation plan update provides a 2002 and 2009 emission inventory using MOVES2010a. 

Appendix A has been provided to summarize the methodology and analysis results for the motor vehicle 

emissions inventory. To complement this executive summary, attachments have been provided with 

additional detail regarding the analysis methodology, the MOVES input parameters, and the output 

vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and emission results for the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania portion of the 

nonattainment area. These include: 

Exhibit 1: Summary of Appendices

Appendix Title Description 

A-1 Explanation of Methodology Provides detailed summary of the methodology used to 

calculate the VMT and emissions. 

A-2 

(PM2.5, PM10 ,VOC, CO, NOx, 

SO2, and NH3) 

Emission Results 

Provides annual emission exhibits by county, road type, 

and source type categories in 2002 and 2009. 

A-3 MOVES Sample 

Input File Provides examples of the MOVES input files. 

Revised Emissions Inventory 

A summary of the revised motor vehicle emissions for the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania portion of the area 

is provided in Exhibit 2 in the following page. The emission estimates for all pollutants have been 

developed using the MOVES2010a emission model and latest planning assumptions. Emissions have 

been estimated for 2002 and 2009. The MOBILE6.2 emission estimates from the previously submitted 

SIP have been included in the exhibit to illustrate relative changes in emissions. 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 2

Exhibit 2: Revised Motor Vehicle Emissions Using MOVES2010a 

(Short Tons/Year) 

Pollutant Sub Area 

Original MOBILE6.2 Emissions Revised MOVES2010a Emissions

2002 2009 2002 2009

PM2.5

Bucks 210.40 138.43 547.18 359.14

Chester 185.28 121.47 477.68 307.11

Delaware 139.10 94.99 391.53 254.25

Montgomery 264.12 183.54 727.77 475.83

Philadelphia 233.87 160.67 760.45 511.20

Total 1,032.76 699.10 2,904.60 1,907.52

PM10

Bucks - - 642.15 454.28

Chester - - 558.47 389.21

Delaware - - 470.08 328.70

Montgomery - - 871.25 608.90

Philadelphia - - 955.06 685.80

Total - - 3,497.01 2,466.88

VOC 

Bucks 6,100.17 3,311.04 5,851.94 4,927.53

Chester 5,110.85 2,824.65 4,516.41 3,858.01

Delaware 4,570.65 2,661.77 4,665.02 3,791.33

Montgomery 7,665.68 4,515.61 8,414.67 6,403.73

Philadelphia 10,526.68 6,985.29 8,661.64 6,845.37

Total 33,974.03 20,298.36 32,109.70 25,825.97

CO 

Bucks 99,762.60 59,042.67 74,163.10 56,435.14

Chester 85,289.63 50,853.15 58,922.24 45,136.47

Delaware 71,789.83 43,156.39 58,154.64 43,210.72

Montgomery 129,934.33 78,632.31 106,283.26 75,149.56

Philadelphia 128,301.60 84,145.54 102,077.19 74,992.41

Total 515,077.99 315,830.05 399,600.43 294,924.29

NOx 

Bucks 12,969.14 7,160.34 17,757.01 11,119.50

Chester 11,217.77 6,279.91 15,243.13 9,294.47

Delaware 8,554.16 4,696.77 12,411.65 7,822.52

Montgomery 16,104.06 9,081.06 23,470.42 14,571.29

Philadelphia 14,630.78 9,099.64 21,996.77 14,410.52

Total 63,475.91 36,317.72 90,878.99 57,218.29

SO2 

Bucks 379.87 63.76 354.40 60.35

Chester 330.29 55.41 307.77 51.37

Delaware 266.62 46.00 250.36 42.99

Montgomery 510.50 87.29 475.92 81.17

Philadelphia 432.93 74.85 459.67 79.67

Total 1,920.20 327.31 1,848.12 315.56

NH3

Bucks 506.79 598.53 279.47 218.91

Chester 437.65 515.91 241.71 186.38

Delaware 369.17 448.92 201.50 159.70

Montgomery 710.14 839.81 391.56 300.98

Philadelphia 590.27 714.72 336.76 275.37

Total 2,614.02 3,117.89 1,450.99 1,141.34
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 3

Analysis Methodology 

Guidance documents from EPA were used to develop the base and future year emissions inventory for the 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania counties. They include:

• Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Development, Transportation 

Conformity, and Other Purposes, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09-

046, December 2009. 

• Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emission Inventory Preparation in 

State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity, US EPA Office of Air and 

Radiation, and Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-10-023, April 

2010. 

• Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, User Guide for MOVES2010a, EPA-420-B-10-036, 

August 2010. 

The highway mobile source emission inventory was developed using available travel data and EPA’s 

MOVES2010a emission model. The methodologies used to produce the emission data conform to the 

recommendations provided in EPA’s Technical Guidance. A mix of local data and national default 

(internal to MOVES2010a) data has been used for this submission. Local data has been used for the 

primary data items that have a significant impact on emissions. These include: 

• Vehicle miles of travel (VMT) by vehicle type. 

• Average speed distribution. 

• Vehicle type mixes. 

• Source type population (for light-duty vehicles). 

• Vehicle age distribution. 

• Hourly distributions. 

• Meteorology data. 

• Inspection/Maintenance program. 

• Fuel supply. 

For this submission, the 2002 base year traffic and environmental assumptions are consistent with past

analyses and submissions. The 2009 assumptions have been revised based on reported data obtained from

the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT), the Bureau of Motor Vehicles, and other 

local/national sources. For the 2009 analysis year, most local data inputs reflect the latest planning 

assumptions based on 2008 data obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation 

(PennDOT), the Bureau of Motor Vehicles, and other local/national sources. Newer data was available 

and was used for control strategies (e.g. Inspection-Maintenance programs), vehicle age distributions and 

fuel characteristics. 

The analysis methodology is consistent with past statewide inventory efforts including the 2008 National 

Emissions Inventory (NEI) submission. This includes the use of custom post processing software to 

calculate hourly speeds and prepare key traffic input files to the MOVES2010a emission model. A 

detailed methodology is provided in Appendix A-1. The following sections address the key input data 

sources and analysis tools used for the emissions inventory for the Philadelphia Area. 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 4

DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS TOOLS 

This section provides a summary of the key input data and analysis tools used for producing the emissions 

inventory. The key elements to the modeling protocol are described in the sections below. A more 

detailed description of the analysis process and tools is provided in the methodology reports in Appendix 

A-1 through A-3. 

Analysis Tools 

The mobile vehicle emissions inventory analysis utilizes several key software/programs for producing the 

county emissions totals. These tools are outlined in Exhibit 3. 

Exhibit 3: Summary of Analysis Tools

Tool Purpose 

MOVES2010a 

Produces emission rates for primary 

emissions (including condensibles) of PM2.5

and PM10 and the precursor emissions of 

VOC, CO, NOx, SO2, and NH3. 

PPSUITE 

Processes the highway data; Calculates 

hourly congested speeds for each state 

roadway segment; Prepares MOVES2010a 

input files; Processes MOVES2010a output 

files into a summary report. 

CENTRAL 

Provides a batch menu driven process to 

execute PPSUITE, MOVES2010a and other 

MYSQL steps. 

The inventory reflects the highway mobile source emission estimations using EPA’s MOVES2010a 

emission model. EPA’s MOVES model was officially released on March 2, 2010 and was followed with 

a revised version (MOVES2010a) in August 2010. Subsequent to the start of this analysis, EPA released

a newer version, MOVES2010b, in April 2012; however, the emission rates for criteria pollutants remain

consistent to previous versions. The MOVES2010a model provides a more robust estimate of emissions 

as compared to its predecessor MOBILE6.2. MOVES2010a has been integrated with local traffic, vehicle 

fleet, environmental, fuel, and control strategy data to estimate emissions. 

PPSUITE represents an enhanced version of the Post Processor for Air Quality (PPAQ) software system 

that has been used for previous inventory and conformity submissions in Pennsylvania. The software has 

undergone significant revisions to ensure consistency with the MOVES2010a. PPSUITE was used to 

calculate hourly congested speeds for each roadway link, apply vehicle type fractions, aggregate VMT, 

prepare MOVES2010a traffic-related input files and process MOVES2010a outputs. 

The PPSUITE software and process methodologies are consistent with that used for state inventories and

transportation conformity analyses throughout Pennsylvania. Exhibit 4 summarizes the key functions of 

PPSUITE.
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 5

Exhibit 4: PPSUITE Process

CENTRAL is a menu-driven software platform that executes the PPSUITE and MOVES2010a processes 

in batch mode. The software allows users to execute runs for a variety of input options and integrates 

custom MYSQL steps into the process. CENTRAL provides important quality control and assurance 

steps including file naming and storage automation.

Traffic Data Source/Fleet Data Inputs 

Traffic Volume Data: The PennDOT Roadway Management System (RMS) data serves as the primary 

highway data source for the county and functional class VMT estimates. The data source is used to 

provide a “snapshot” of the regional roadway system and traffic volumes in 2002 and 2008 (consistent 

with past triennial updates of traffic data). The 2008 data is also integrated with traffic signal locations. 

The data includes the average annual daily traffic (AADT) volumes for all state roadways in 

Pennsylvania. To account for additional local roadway VMT and to ensure consistency with reported 

Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) VMT totals, the VMT totals estimated from 

PennDOT’s RMS are adjusted to match the annual 2002 and 2009 HPMS VMT totals respectively, as 

reported to FHWA. 

Exhibit 5 summarizes the HPMS VMT growth between 2002 and 2009 for each county in the 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania region. These growth rates are significantly different from past submissions. 

The economic downturn and fuel prices had a dramatic impact on regional VMT, creating reductions in 

total VMT for all counties within the region. 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 6

Exhibit 5: VMT Growth 

Analysis 

Year 

Total Growth 

From 2002 

Annual Growth 

Rate From 2002

Bucks County

2002 ----- ----- 

2009 -2.0% -0.3% 

Chester County 

2002 ----- ----- 

2009 -3.3% -0.5% 

Delaware County

2002 ----- ----- 

2009 -1.3% -0.2% 

Montgomery County

2002 ----- ----- 

2009 -2.8% -0.4% 

Philadelphia County

2002 ----- ----- 

2009 -0.7% -0.1% 

Seasonal Adjustments: Within MOVES, annual VMT is split to monthly sub-totals and then to 

weekdays and weekends using seasonal factors. The monthly seasonal factors are developed from data 

contained in the documents, 2002 Pennsylvania Traffic Data and 2008 Pennsylvania Traffic Data, 

prepared by PennDOT’s Bureau of Planning and Research (BPR). The seasonal and daily factors 

provided in this document are based on statistical analyses of 2002 and 2008 traffic counts taken at 

permanent and in-pavement ATR (automatic traffic recorder) locations throughout the state. 

 

Congested Speeds: Based on the average annual daily traffic, a single set of hourly speed distributions 

are estimated by the PPSUITE post processing system and input to MOVES. To disaggregate the daily 

RMS volumes to hourly volumes, auto and truck hourly pattern data from PennDOT’s 2002 Pennsylvania 

Traffic Data and 2008 Pennsylvania Traffic Data reports are used to determine the temporal variations in 

traffic volumes. 

Vehicle Population: Vehicle population is a key input that has an important impact on start and 

evaporative emissions. MOVES2010a requires the number of vehicles by 13 source types to determine 

evaporative emissions. State 2002 and 2008 vehicle registration data (consistent with past triennial 

updates of traffic data) was used to estimate vehicle population for light-duty vehicles and school buses. 

The data was split to source types using MOVES2010a default population data. For transit buses, data 

from PennDOT and the National Transit Database (NTD) was used to estimate transit bus populations by 

county. For all other heavy-duty vehicles, PPSUITE calculates vehicle population based on the analysis 

year VMT for each source type and default MOVES2010a ratios of VMT and source type population (e.g. 

the number of miles per vehicle by source type). To estimate 2009 vehicle population, 2008 vehicle 

population was factored based on historic household and population growth from Woods and Poole Inc. 

for each Pennsylvania county. The growth rate methodology includes: 

• Choosing the highest growth rate between population and households 

• Limiting growth as to not exceed the VMT growth assumptions 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 7

VMT by Source Type: The total VMT is disaggregated to the 13 MOVES2010a source types. For this 

inventory, the vehicle mix was calculated for each county and functional class grouping utilizing a 

combination of: 

• 2002 and 2008 RMS truck percentages 

• 2008 PennDOT and NTD transit data 

• 2008 school bus registration data 

EPA’s MOVES2010a default distribution of VMT by source type was used to determine the remaining 

source type VMT percentages. The development of vehicle type pattern data input to the MOVES2010a 

software is described in more detail in Appendix A-1. 

Vehicle Age Distribution: Vehicle age distributions are required to be input by 13 source types. The 

distributions reflect the percentage of vehicles in the fleet up to 31 years old. The 2002 vehicle age 

distributions have been used for the 2002 emissions inventory. A recent 2010 registration download from 

PennDOT’s Bureau of Motor Vehicles Registration Database has indicated a substantially older fleet than 

recorded in the 2002-2008 period. As a result, the 2010 vehicle age distributions have been used for the 

2009 inventory. Due to insufficient data, only data for light-duty vehicles are used as local inputs; and 

heavy-duty vehicle ages are calculated using the internal MOVES2010a defaults for each Pennsylvania 

County. The registration data download is based on MOBILE6.2 vehicle categories. The data was 

converted to source types using the EPA convertor spreadsheets provided with the MOVES2010a 

emission model. 

I/M and Fuel Parameters 

I/M Program: The inspection maintenance (I/M) program inputs to the MOVES2010a model are based 

on past and current programs within each county (all Pennsylvania I/M programs are based on county 

boundaries). All analysis years include Pennsylvania’s statewide program. The MOVES2010a model 

has simplified the I/M program input parameters compared to MOBILE6.2. The default I/M program 

parameters included in MOVES2010a were examined for each county and necessary changes made to the 

defaults to match the actual local program. 

In order to assure that emission controls are working properly, vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) 

programs have been adopted in some nonattainment areas. These programs have the added benefit of 

improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles. The Pennsylvania inspection and maintenance (I/M) program 

was upgraded and expanded throughout the state with a phase-in period starting in September 2003 and 

fully implemented by June 2004. 

The program requirements vary by region (five regions) and include on-board diagnostics (OBD) 

technology that uses the vehicle’s computer for model years 1996 and newer to identify potential engine 

and exhaust system problems that could affect emissions. The program, named PAOBDII, is 

implemented by region, as follows: 

• Philadelphia Region - Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia Counties 

• Pittsburgh Region - Allegheny, Beaver, Washington and Westmoreland Counties 

• South Central and Lehigh Valley Region - Berks, Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, 

Lehigh, Northampton and York Counties 

• North Region - Blair, Cambria, Centre, Erie, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Lycoming, and Mercer 

Counties 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 8

The OBDII program is implemented in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh along with tailpipe (idle in Pittsburgh 

and idle and ASM in Philadelphia) and gas cap tests. Tests in other regions include: 

• Subject vehicles registered in the South Central and Lehigh Valley counties receive the visual, 

OBD and gas cap tests. 

• Subject vehicles registered in the North region receive a gas cap test and visual inspection. 

• Subject vehicles registered in the other 42 counties (67 total counties) receive a visual inspection 

as part of the annual safety inspection. 

Fuel Assumptions: The MOVES2010a default fuel formulation and fuel supply data were reviewed and 

updated based on available local volumetric fuel property information. The gasohol market penetration

and RVP values were updated but MOVES2010a default data was used for the remaining parameters. 

Updated assumptions included: 

• Using 8.7 RVP for summer months. 

• Conventional gasoline used throughout the year for analysis years 2002. 

• 32% market share of conventional gasoline and 68% market share of 10% ethanol used 

throughout the year for analysis year 2009. 

Meteorology Data 

Updated weather information has been obtained from WeatherBank, Inc. (www.weatherbank.com). The 

10-year (1998-2008) average minimum and maximum monthly temperature and relative humidity values 

were obtained for each of the 9 airport locations in Pennsylvania. 

The MOVES2010a model requires temperature and relative humidity data for each hour of the day and 

for all the 12 months for annual analysis. EPA’s data converters were used to convert minimum and 

maximum daily temperatures to an hourly temperature profile that could be input to MOVES2010a. 

These assumptions are consistent with the 2008 NEI inventory submission and were used for both the 

2002 and 2009 analysis years. 

Vehicle Technology Programs 

Federal Programs 

Current federal vehicle emissions control and fuel programs are incorporated into the MOVES2010a 

software. These include the National Program standards covering model year vehicles through 2016. 

Modifications of default emission rates are required to reflect the early implementation of the National 

Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) program in Pennsylvania. To reflect these impacts, EPA has 

released instructions and input files that can be used to model these impacts. This inventory utilized the 

August 2010 version of the files (http://www.epa.gov/oms/models/moves/tools.htm). 

State Programs 

The Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles (PCV) Program, adopted in 1998, incorporated the California Low 

Emission Vehicle Program (CA LEVII) by reference, although it allowed automakers to comply with the 

NLEV program as an alternative to this Pennsylvania program until MY 2006. Beginning with MY 2008, 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 9

“new” passenger cars and light-duty trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 8,500 pounds 

or less that are sold or leased and titled in Pennsylvania must be certified by the California Air Resources 

Board (CARB) or be certified for sale in all 50 states. For this program, a “new” vehicle is a qualified 

vehicle with an odometer reading less than 7,500 miles. PaDEP and PennDOT worked with the 

automobile manufacturers, dealers and other interested business partners and finalized procedures for 

complying with these new requirements. DEP focuses its outreach effort with the manufacturers and 

dealers regarding what vehicles can be offered for sale and how to certify that the vehicles are compliant. 

PennDOT’s role is to ensure licensing and registration records include these certifications of compliance 

or that the vehicle owner qualifies for an exemption to the requirements. In all cases, DEP will use 

information obtained during PennDOT’s title and registration process to oversee and audit, as needed, 

certain vehicle title transactions to determine compliance to the program. 

The impacts of this program are modeled for all analysis years beyond 2008 using the same instructions

and tools as downloaded for the early NLEV analysis. EPA provided input files to reflect the CAL LEVII 

program. Modifications to those files were made to reflect a 2008 start date for Pennsylvania. 
Philadelphia, PA: Mobile Source EI Revisions: Executive Summary 10

RESOURCES 

Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, User Guide for MOVES2010a, EPA-420-B-10-036, August 2010. 

Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emission Inventory Preparation in State 

Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, and Office 

of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-10-023, April 2010. 

2008 Pennsylvania Traffic Data, PENNDOT Bureau of Planning and Research, 2008. 

Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Development, Transportation Conformity, and Other 

Purposes, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09-046, December 2009. 

Instructions for Using LEV and NLEV Inputs for MOVES, US EPA, EPA-420-B-10-003a, August 2010. 

Statistical Evaluation of Projected Traffic Growth, Traffic Growth Forecasting System: Final Report, 

Michael Baker Jr., Inc., March 14, 2005. 

Metrological Data from Weather Bank, Inc., www.weatherbank.com 
APPENDIX A-1 

Philadelphia Area - An Explanation of Methodology 
Reading Maintenance Area MVEB Budget Revisions: An Explanation of Methodology 

 Explanation of Methodology 

February 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

OVERVIEW OF EMISSIONS INVENTORIES .................................................................................................................... 1

HIGHWAY VEHICLE EMISSION INVENTORIES ............................................................................................................. 1

WHERE DOES PENNSYLVANIA OBTAIN ITS DATA? ..................................................................................... 4

SUMMARY OF MOVES INPUTS .................................................................................................................................. 4

VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL (VMT) .......................................................................................................................... 5

ADJUSTMENTS TO ROADWAY DATA .......................................................................................................................... 8

VEHICLE TYPE PROCESSING ...................................................................................................................................... 9

VEHICLE FLEET AND POPULATION DATA ................................................................................................................ 10

ENVIRONMENTAL, FUEL AND TECHNOLOGY ASSUMPTIONS .................................................................................... 10

SPEED/EMISSION ESTIMATION PROCEDURE .............................................................................................. 12

VOLUME/VMT DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................................... 12

SPEED/DELAY DETERMINATION .............................................................................................................................. 15

HPMS AND VMT ADJUSTMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 16

MOVES EMISSIONS RUN ........................................................................................................................................ 17

RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................................................. 18

HIGHWAY VEHICLE INVENTORY GLOSSARY ............................................................................................. 19

List of Exhibits

EXHIBIT 1: SUMMARY OF PPSUITE PROCESS ................................................................................................................ 3

EXHIBIT 2: MOVES LOCAL DATA INPUT SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 4

EXHIBIT 3: PENNDOT URBAN/RURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CLASS CODES ....................................................................... 6

EXHIBIT 4: EMISSION FACTOR VS. SPEED VARIANCES (PM2.5) ..................................................................................... 7

EXHIBIT 5: MOVES SOURCE TYPES AND HPMS VEHICLE GROUPS .............................................................................. 9

EXHIBIT 6: PPSUITE SPEED / EMISSION ESTIMATION PROCEDURE .............................................................................. 13
Appendix A-1 1 

INTRODUCTION 

The purpose of this document is to explain how the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental 

Protection (Department) estimates emissions from highway vehicles for inclusion in its emission 

inventories and State Implementation Plans. 

Overview of Emissions Inventories 

The Department’s inventories generally categorize emissions into four categories: 

• Highway vehicles. 

• Stationary sources (major industrial, commercial and utility sources). 

• Area sources (smaller industrial/commercial sources, consumer products). 

• Nonroad mobile sources (including construction and agricultural equipment, lawn and garden 

equipment). 

An evaluation of emissions from point, area, and mobile sources is needed to develop a complete 

inventory needed for a maintenance demonstration plan. This documentation addresses the mobile source

activity and emissions for base and future years used to support such a demonstration. 

Of all of the sources of air pollution, only the emissions of some stationary sources are measured directly 

and continuously through instrumentation. Emissions from all other sources must be modeled based on 

available local data, including those from highway vehicles. In their very simplest form, estimates of 

emissions follow the following pattern: 

Emission rate x activity level = emissions per time period (usually day or year) 

Most emission rates have been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 

cooperation with industry and states, and are compiled and documented into key references or emission 

models. These include Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors (AP-42), the Motor Vehicle 

Emission Simulator (MOVES) model, and the NONROAD model. Adding up the products of the 

emission rates and activity levels for all sources of a given pollutant constitutes the emission inventory for 

that pollutant. 

Highway Vehicle Emission Inventories 

Highway vehicles contribute significantly to air pollution, particularly to ground-level ozone, which is the 

most persistent air pollutant in Pennsylvania. Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly to the 

atmosphere, but is formed by photochemical reactions between volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the presence of sunlight. The long, hot, humid days of 

summer are particularly conducive to ozone formation, so ozone levels are of concern primarily 

during the months of May through September. Both VOCs and NOx are emitted from highway 

vehicles. In addition, fine particulates are also emitted directly by motor vehicles as a result of the 

combustion process (tailpipe emissions), re-entrained and transportation construction dust; and formed

through reactions in the atmosphere among the precursors VOC, CO, NOx, NH3 and SOx. 

Pennsylvania’s PM-related emission inventory efforts focus on these pollutants. 
Appendix A-1 2 

Obviously, direct measurement of emission levels from all vehicles in use is impossible. In comparison 

to highway vehicles, estimating residential heating emissions is a fairly simple calculation because there 

is a constant emission rate and a fairly simple measure of activity. However, for highway vehicles 

estimating the emission rate and activity levels of all vehicles on the road during a typical day is a

complicated endeavor. 

If every vehicle emitted the same amount of pollution all the time, one could simply multiply those 

emission standards (emission rate in grams of pollution per mile) times the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) 

to estimate total emissions. But emission rates from all vehicles vary over the entire range of conditions 

under which they operate. These variables include air temperature, speed, traffic conditions, operating 

mode and fuel characteristics. The inventory must also account for non-exhaust or evaporative emissions. 

In addition, the fleet is composed of several generations and types of vehicles with different emission 

control technologies. This requires the estimation algorithm include the composition of the fleet (vehicle 

ages and types). 

In order to estimate both the rate at which emissions are being generated and to calculate vehicle miles 

traveled (activity level), Pennsylvania examines its road network and fleet to estimate vehicle activity. 

For ozone-related inventories, this is done for a typical summer weekday. For carbon monoxide (CO) and 

particulate matter (PM) emission inventories, this may be done for annual conditions. Not only must this 

be done for a baseline year, but it must also be projected into the future. This process involves a large 

quantity of data and is extremely complex. 

Computer models have been developed to perform these calculations by simulating the travel of vehicles

on the Commonwealth’s roadway system. The models also generate emissions rates (also called emission 

factors) for different vehicle types for area-specific conditions, and then combine them in summary form. 

The area-specific conditions include vehicle and highway data, plus control measure characteristics and 

future year projections of all variables. The key models used to generate this mobile source emissions 

inventory are: 

MOVES: EPA’s MOVES model was officially released on March 2, 2010 and was followed with a 

revised version (MOVES2010a) in August 2010. The MOVES model provides a more robust estimate of 

emissions as compared to its predecessor MOBILE6.2. MOVES calculates average in-use fleet emissions 

for each of thirteen categories of vehicles under various conditions affecting in-use emission levels (e.g., 

ambient temperatures, average traffic speeds, gasoline volatility) as specified by the model user. 

For this mobile source inventory, Pennsylvania used MOVES2010a as approved by EPA. MOVES can 

be used to estimate national, state, and county level inventories of criteria air pollutants, precursors, 

greenhouse gas emissions, and some mobile source air toxics from highway vehicles. Additionally, 

MOVES can make projections for energy consumption (total, petroleum-based, and fossil-based). 

PPSUITE: For the Department’s highway emissions inventory, a post processor named PPSUITE 

(formerly named PPAQ - Post Processor for Air Quality) is used, which consists of a set of programs that 

perform the following functions: 

• Analyzes highway operating conditions. 

• Calculates highway speeds. 

• Compiles vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and vehicle type mix data. 

• Prepares MOVES runs and processes MOVES outputs. 

PPSUITE is a widely used and accepted tool for estimating speeds and processing emissions rates. The

software is based upon accepted transportation engineering methodologies. For example, PPSUITE uses 

speed and delay estimation procedures based on planning methods provided in the Highway Capacity 
Appendix A-1 3 

Manual, a report prepared by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) summarizing current knowledge 

and analysis techniques for capacity and level-of-service analyses of the transportation system. 

The PPSUITE process is integral to producing key input files to the MOVES emission model. Exhibit 1 

summarizes the key functions of PPSUITE and the traffic-related input files prepared for the MOVES 

County Data Manager (CDM). 

Exhibit 1: Summary of PPSUITE Process 

The following sections summarize the key data and methodologies used to produce the mobile source 

emissions inventory. This includes a summary of local data sources and a step-by-step review of the 

speed calculation process. The emission data and process has been developed according to 

recommendations provided by EPA in key policy and technical guidance as provided below:

• Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Development, Transportation 

Conformity, and Other Purposes, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09-

046, December 2009. 

• Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emission Inventory Preparation in 

State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity, US EPA Office of Air and 

Radiation, and Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-10-023, April 

2010. 

The process has focused on developing an emissions inventory using the available tools and data to its

fullest extent. This includes the use of available local data for items that have a significant impact on 

emissions and applying a robust calculation process to estimate hourly traffic speeds. 

 
Appendix A-1 4 

WHERE DOES PENNSYLVANIA OBTAIN ITS DATA? 

Summary of MOVES Inputs 

A large number of inputs to MOVES are needed to fully account for the numerous vehicle and 

environmental parameters that affect emissions. These include traffic flow characteristics (as determined 

from the PPSUITE software), vehicle descriptions, fuel parameters, inspection/maintenance program 

parameters, and environmental variables. MOVES includes a default national database of meteorology, 

vehicle fleet, vehicle activity, fuel, and emission control program data for every county; but EPA cannot 

certify that the default data is the most current or best available information for any specific area. As a 

result, local data is recommended for use for analyses supporting state implementation plans (SIPs). 

A mix of local and default data is used for this inventory. Local data sources are used for all inputs that 

have a significant impact on calculated emission rates. Exhibit 2 summarizes Pennsylvania-specific 

inputs assembled and used for this inventory. These data items are discussed in the following sections. 

Exhibit 2: MOVES Local Data Input Summary

 Traffic Vehicle Fuel Inspection Environmental 

 Data Descriptions Parameters Maintenance Variables 

 Vehicle Type Vehicle Type RVP Start Year Hourly 

 VMT Mix Model Years Temperatures

 Vehicle Vehicle Age Sulfur Test Standards, 

 Population Distribution Level Source Types, Humidity 

 Frequency 

 VMT Average Speeds Ethanol Stringency, 

 Fractions (PPSUITE) Volume Waiver Rate, 

 (PPSUITE) Compliance 

 Road Type Hourly Refueling 

 Distribution Distributions Controls 

 (PPSUITE) 

 Ramp 

 Fraction 

 (PPSUITE) 

 Emission Rates 

 
Appendix A-1 5 

Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT) 

The VMT input to emissions calculations for Pennsylvania is based on information from the Roadway 

Management System (RMS) maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation’s 

(PennDOT’s) Bureau of Planning and Research (BPR). PennDOT obtains this information from periodic 

visual and electronic traffic counts. RMS data is dynamic, since it is continually reviewed and updated 

from new traffic counts and field visits conducted by PennDOT. Information on roadways included in the 

National Highway System is reviewed at least annually, while information on other roadways is reviewed

at least biennially. 

On a triennial basis, a current “snapshot” of the RMS database is taken and downloaded to provide an upto-date record of the Commonwealth’s highway system for estimating emissions. This emissions 

inventory is based on the most current snapshot of the RMS data. 

The RMS database contains all state highways, including the Pennsylvania Turnpike, divided into 

segments approximately 0.5 miles in length. These segments are usually divided at important 

intersections or locations where there is a change in the physical characteristics of the roadway (e.g. the 

number of lanes changes). There are approximately 99,000 state highway segments for the 67 

Pennsylvania counties contained in the RMS. Each of these segments contains an abundance of 

descriptive data, but only the following information is extracted for emission calculations: 

• Lanes. 

• Distances. 

• Volumes representing Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT). 

• Truck percentages. 

• PennDOT urban/rural classifications. 

• PennDOT functional class codes. 

• Number of signals (based on linkage to PennDOT GIS signal location data). 

RMS volumes and distances are used in calculating highway VMT totals for each county. As discussed 

in the next section, adjustments are needed to convert the volumes to reflect annual conditions. In 

addition, the traffic volumes must be forecast to support future year emission inventories. Lane values 

and traffic signals are an important input for determining the congestion and speeds for individual 

highway segments. Truck percentages are used in the speed determination process and are used to split

volumes to individual vehicle types used by the MOVES software. 

 

Road segments are classified by function, as well as whether it is located in an urban, small urban or rural 

area, as indicated below in Exhibit 3. The PennDOT urban/rural (UR) and functional classes (FC) are 

important indicators of the type and function of each roadway segment. The variables provide insights 

into other characteristics not contained in the RMS data that are used for speed and emission calculations. 
Appendix A-1 6 

Exhibit 3: PennDOT Urban/Rural and Functional Class Codes

 

Urban/Rural Code 1=Rural 

 2=Small Urban 

 3=Urban 

Functional Class Rural Functional Classes Used Urban Functional Classes Used 

 For Rural Areas For Small Urban and Urban Areas 

 ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ 

 1=Rural Freeway 11=Urban Freeway 

 2=Rural Other Principal Arterial 12=Urban Expressway 

 6=Rural Minor Arterial 14=Urban Principal Arterial 

 7=Rural Major Collector 16=Urban Minor Arterial

 8=Rural Minor Collector 17=Urban Collector 

 9=Rural Local 19=Urban Local 

Additional Network Information: The PPSUITE software system allows for many additional variables 

other than those available in the RMS database. Using these variables improves the ability of the 

Department to incorporate real roadway conditions into its estimates. The variables include information 

regarding free-flow speeds and capacities, signal characteristics and other physical roadway features that 

can affect a roadway’s calculated congested speed. This data can be determined from lookup tables based 

on a roadway segment’s urban/rural code and functional class. Much of the lookup table data was 

developed from information contained in the Highway Capacity Manual, PennDOT information on 

speeds and signal densities, and other engineering judgment. 

MOVES Traffic Inputs: The PPSUITE software uses RMS traffic data to prepare key inputs to the 

MOVES emission model including: 

• VMT. 

• Travel speeds. 

• Road type distributions. 

• Ramp fractions. 

VMT is the primary traffic input that affects emission results. The roadway segment distances and traffic 

volumes are used to prepare estimates of VMT. PPSUITE performs these calculations and outputs the 

MOVES annual VMT input file to the County Data Manager (CDM). 

Emissions for many pollutants (including PM and precursors) vary significantly with travel speed. For

PM, higher emission rates are associated with lower speeds and lower rates are associated with higher 

speeds, as illustrated in Exhibit 4. To obtain the best estimate of vehicle speeds, the Department uses the 

PPSUITE set of programs, whose primary function is to calculate speeds and to organize and simplify the 

handling of large amounts of data needed for calculating speeds and for preparing MOVES input files. 

The PPSUITE software prepares the MOVES vehicle hours of travel (VHT) by speed bin file which 

summarizes the distribution of speeds across all links into each of 16 MOVES speed bins for each hour of 

the day. This robust process ensures that MOVES emission rates are used to the fullest extent and is 

consistent with the methods and recommendations provided in EPA’s Technical Guidance on the Use of 

MOVES2010 for Emissions Inventory Preparation in State Implementation Plans and Transportation 

Conformity. 
Appendix A-1 7 

Exhibit 4: Emission Factor vs. Speed Variances (PM2.5)

In MOVES, typical drive cycles and associated operating conditions vary by the type of roadway. 

MOVES defines five different road types as follows:

1 Off-Network. 

2 Rural Restricted Access. 

3 Rural Unrestricted Access. 

4 Urban Restricted Access. 

5 Urban Unrestricted Access. 

The off-network road type includes emissions from vehicle starts, extended idle activity, and evaporative 

emissions. Off-network activity in MOVES is primarily determined by the Source Type Population 

input, as discussed in a following section. The remaining distribution among road types is determined by 

equating the PennDOT functional class with each MOVES road type as follows: 

• MOVES Road Type (2) = PennDOT Functional Class (1).

• MOVES Road Type (3) = PennDOT Functional Class (2,6,7,8,9). 

• MOVES Road Type (4) = PennDOT Functional Class (11,12). 

• MOVES Road Type (5) = PennDOT Functional Class (14,16,17,19). 

For this inventory, the MOVES road type distribution file is automatically generated by PPSUITE using 

the defined equivalencies. 

Since ramps are not directly represented within the RMS database information, it is assumed that 8% of

the Freeway VHT is Ramp VHT. This is consistent with the recommendations provided in EPA’s 

technical guidance. 

Source: Figure 3 from Implications of the MOVES2010 Model on Mobile 

Source Emission Estimates, Air & Waste Management Association, July 2010. 
Appendix A-1 8 

Adjustments to Roadway Data 

Before the RMS data can be used by PPSUITE for speed and emission calculations, several adjustments 

and additions must be made to the roadway data. These adjustments are summarized below. 

HPMS Adjustments: According to EPA guidance, baseline inventory VMT computed from the RMS 

highway segment volumes must be adjusted to be consistent with Highway Performance Monitoring 

System (HPMS) VMT totals. The HPMS VMT reported for Pennsylvania is a subsystem of the RMS 

established to meet the data reporting requirements of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and 

to serve as PennDOT’s official source of highway information. Although it has some limitations, the 

HPMS system is currently in use in all 50 states and is being improved under FHWA direction. 

Although the HPMS VMT and the roadway data used for an inventory emissions analysis are both based 

on data from the RMS system, differences do exist between them and include the following. First, the 

HPMS and inventory roadway data are “snapshots” of the RMS data taken at different times. Since the 

RMS is dynamic, changing constantly due to new data, differences will result between the data used for

calculating HPMS VMT totals and the inventory data used for an emissions analysis. Second, since the 

RMS does not contain many of the local roadways, local road estimates of HPMS VMT are obtained 

through alternative procedures developed by PennDOT. To account for such differences, adjustment 

factors are calculated and used to adjust the inventory roadway data to the reported HPMS VMT totals 

submitted to FHWA. The VMT contained in the HPMS reports are considered to represent average 

annual daily traffic (AADT). 

Adjustment factors are calculated which adjust the base year RMS download VMT to the reported HPMS 

totals for that year. These factors are developed for each county and functional class combination and are 

also applied to all future year runs. Adjustments for the “higher” functional classes (e.g. Freeway, 

Arterials - major routes) are close to 1.000 since HPMS VMT is derived from RMS information, and the 

only difference in the data is that the “snapshot” for the emission calculations is taken at a different time 

than for the HPMS. “Lower” classes (e.g. local roads) require greater adjustment since a large part of the 

local system is not under state jurisdiction and is not in the RMS database. There is, of course, a 

significant amount of local road mileage in the state. It is assumed that those local streets that are in RMS 

are representative of all local streets in their area with respect to volume and speed, so that roadway 

mileage adjustment is appropriate. 

 

Seasonal Adjustments to Volumes: The RMS contains AADT volumes that are an average of all days in 

the year, including weekends and holidays. PM and CO analyses require volumes representing monthly 

average conditions (needed for producing annual totals). Therefore, the RMS volumes must be seasonally 

adjusted. Seasonal factors were developed for each functional class and urban/rural code based on yearly 

count information prepared by PennDOT’s BPR. These factors are applied to the existing RMS AADT 

volumes to produce the monthly volumes. The same factors are also used to develop the MOVES daily 

and monthly VMT fraction files. 

Hourly Adjustments: Speeds and emissions vary considerably depending on the time of day. 

Therefore, it is important to estimate the pattern by which roadway volume varies by hour of the day. 

The 24-hour pattern data provides PPSUITE with information used to split the daily roadway segment 

volumes to each of the 24 hours in a day. Pattern data is in the form of a percentage of the daily volumes 

for each hour. Distributions are provided for each county and functional class grouping. This data is 

developed from 24-hour count data compiled by PennDOT’s BPR, according to the process in the 

agencies annual traffic data reports. The same factors are also used to develop the MOVES hourly 

fraction file. 
Appendix A-1 9 

Vehicle Type Processing 

Emission rates within MOVES vary significantly by the type of vehicle. The MOVES model produces 

emissions and rates by thirteen MOVES vehicle source types. However, VMT is input to MOVES by six 

HPMS vehicle groups. Exhibit 5 summarizes the distinction between each classification scheme. 

Exhibit 5: MOVES Source Types and HPMS Vehicle Groups

SOURCE TYPES HPMS Class Groups 

11 Motorcycle 10 Motorcycle 

 21 Passenger Car 20 Passenger Car 

 31 Passenger Truck 30 Passenger/Light Truck 

 32 Light Commercial Truck 40 Buses 

 41 Intercity Bus 50 Single Unit Trucks 

 42 Transit Bus 60 Combination Trucks 

 43 School bus 

 51 Refuse Truck 

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 

 54 Motor Home 

 61 Combination Short-haul Truck 

 62 Combination Long-haul Truck 

The process used for this inventory includes a method to disaggregate the RMS traffic volumes to the 

thirteen source types and then to recombine the estimates to the six HPMS vehicle classes. Vehicle type 

pattern data is used by PPSUITE to divide the hourly roadway segment volumes to the thirteen MOVES 

source types. Similar to the 24-hour pattern data, this data contains percentage splits to each source type 

for every hour of the day. The vehicle type pattern data for this inventory is developed from several

sources of information: 

• PennDOT truck percentages from the RMS database. 

• Hourly distributions for trucks and total traffic compiled by PennDOT’s BPR. 

• Transit data from PennDOT and the National Transit Database. 

• School bus registration data from PennDOT’s Bureau of Motor Vehicles Registration Database. 

The vehicle type pattern data is developed for each county and functional class combination. First, RMS 

truck percentages are averaged for all roadways within a county and functional class grouping. Using this 

percentage data, the total roadway volume for any segment is divided to auto and truck vehicle type 

categories. The transit data and school bus data is used to further disaggregate trucks, resulting in four 

vehicle groups (light-duty, school, transit, and other heavy-duty). 

From these groups, MOVES default Pennsylvania county VMT distributions by source type are used to 

divide the four groups into each of the MOVES source types. PennDOT hourly distributions for trucks 

and total traffic are used to create source type percentage breakdowns for each hour of the day. 

Vehicle Type Capacity Analysis Factors: Vehicle type percentages are provided to the capacity 

analysis section of PPSUITE to adjust the speeds in response to trucks. That is, a given number of larger 

trucks take up more roadway space than a given number of cars, and this is accounted for in the speed 

estimation process by adjusting capacity using information from the Highway Capacity Manual. 
Appendix A-1 10

Vehicle Fleet and Population Data

The information on the vehicle fleet including the number and age of vehicles has a significant impact on 

forecasted start and evaporative emissions within MOVES. The MOVES Model requires the population 

of vehicles by the thirteen source type categories. Pennsylvania county vehicle registration data is used to 

estimate vehicle population for light-duty vehicles and school buses. The data is split to source types 

using MOVES2010a default Pennsylvania county population data. For transit buses, data from PennDOT 

and the National Transit Database (NTD) is used to estimate county transit bus totals. Other heavy-duty 

vehicle population values are based on VMT for each source type using the vehicle mix and pattern data

discussed previously. The PPSUITE software automatically applies default MOVES2010a ratios of VMT 

and source type population (e.g. the number of miles per vehicle by source type) to the local VMT 

estimates to produce vehicle population. 

Vehicle population is forecast based on projected household and population growth from Woods and 

Poole Inc. for each Pennsylvania county. The growth rate methodology includes: 

• Choosing the highest growth rate between population and households. 

• Limiting growth as to not exceed the VMT growth assumptions. 

Vehicle Age: Vehicle age distributions are input to MOVES for each county by the thirteen source types. 

The distributions reflect the percentage of vehicles in the fleet up to 31 years old. The most recent

available registration download from PennDOT’s Bureau of Motor Vehicles Registration Database has 

been used for the inventory. Due to insufficient data, only information for light-duty vehicles are used as 

local inputs; and, heavy-duty vehicles use the internal MOVES2010a national defaults. The registration 

data download is based on MOBILE6.2 vehicle categories. As a result, the data was converted to source

types using the EPA convertor spreadsheets provided with the MOVES2010a emission model. 

Environmental, Fuel and Technology Assumptions

Information on environmental, fuel, vehicle technology and other control strategy assumptions were 

determined based on a review of MOVES2010a default information by the PaDEP. 

Fuel Parameters: The same vehicle will produce different emissions using a different type of gasoline. 

Fuel control strategies can be powerful emission reduction mechanisms. The MOVES2010a default fuel 

formulation and fuel supply data were reviewed and updated based on available local volumetric fuel 

property information. The gasohol market penetration and RVP values were updated for all the counties. 

MOVES2010a default data was used for the rest of the parameters. 

Refueling Emissions: MOVES also allows users to calculate refueling emissions, the emissions created 

when vehicles are refueled at service stations. Pennsylvania includes refueling emissions in its area

source inventory and not in its highway vehicle inventory. Refueling emissions are not included in the 

highway emissions inventory. 

Vehicle Emission Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) Parameters: MOVES allows users to vary inputs 

depending on the I/M program in place for the area. The inputs include: 

 

• Program start year. 

• Stringency level. 

• First and last model years subject to the program. 

• Waiver rates. 
Appendix A-1 11

• Compliance rates. 

• Program type (test-only, test-and-repair, etc.) and effectiveness. 

• Frequency of inspection (annual, biennial). 

• Vehicle type coverage. 

• Test type (idle, loaded, etc.) 

The MOVES2010a default Pennsylvania assumptions were reviewed and modifications were made per 

actual program parameters. 

Environmental Variables: Evaporative emissions are influenced significantly by the temperatures of the 

surrounding air. Hourly temperatures have been compiled for each county based on information from 

WeatherBank, Inc. to specify temperatures from nine airports within the state. Ozone analysis 

temperature and humidity values were determined using the procedures documented in EPA’s technical 

guidance. Minimum and maximum temperatures for each month were converted to hourly temperatures 

using EPA convertors supplied with the MOVES2010a model. 

A summary of the MOVES related inputs used for the inventory and future year estimates are attached 

with the submission. 

 
Appendix A-1 12

SPEED/EMISSION ESTIMATION PROCEDURE 

The previous sections have summarized the input data used for computing speeds and emissions for 

Pennsylvania. This section explains how PPSUITE and MOVES uses that input data to produce emission 

estimates. Exhibit 6 summarizes PPSUITE’s analysis procedure used for each of the RMS highway 

segments in the state. 

Producing an emissions inventory with PPSUITE requires a process of disaggregation and aggregation. 

Data is available and used on a very small scale -- individual 1⁄2 mile roadway segments 24 hours of the

day. This data needs to be processed individually to determine the distribution of vehicle hours of travel 

(VHT) by speed and then aggregated by vehicle class to determine input VMT to the MOVES emission 

model. 

Volume/VMT Development 

Before speeds can be calculated and MOVES run, volumes acquired from RMS must be adjusted and 

disaggregated. Such adjustments include factoring to future years, seasonal adjustments, and 

disaggregating daily volumes to each hour of the day and to each of the thirteen MOVES source types. 

Determine Future Year Volumes: The RMS database contains up-to-date current year volumes. 

However, to conduct a future year analysis, these volumes must be factored to the year being analyzed. 

Growth factors have been prepared for each county and functional class grouping. These growth factors

are applied to the base year RMS volumes to obtain future year estimates that can be utilized by 

PPSUITE. 

Example: 

A typical freeway link in the RMS database is I-80 segment 2500 in Luzerne County, 

Pennsylvania. This link has an urban/rural code=1 which indicates the link is in a rural area, and a 

functional class=1 indicating a rural freeway. 

The average annual daily traffic (AADT) from the RMS database for this link in 2008 is 12,077 

vehicles/day. 

Growth factors have been developed to factor the 2008 volume to future years. For example, to 

factor the 2008 volume to the year 2014, a growth factor of 1.282 would yield: 

2014 volume = 12,077 vehicles/day x 1.282 = 15,483 vehicles/day 

 

 
Appendix A-1 13

Exhibit 6: PPSUITE Speed / Emission Estimation Procedure

Data From PPSUITE Input Files PPSUITE Analysis Process Data from Roadway Source (RMS) 

 The Following is Performed For 

 Each RMS Roadway Segment 

 

Percent Pattern Distributions Expand to 24 hourly volumes RMS AWDT Adjusted Volumes 

 

Apply VMT Adjustments Adjust Volumes for Peak Spreading 

(V/C thresholds for spreading) 

Vehicle Type Patterns Disaggregate to Vehicle Type RMS Truck Percentages 

 

 Transit Data 

 School Bus Data 

 Calculate Link & Signal Capacities Roadway Attributes 

 (Lanes, FC code, UR code) 

Speed/Capacity Lookup Table 

 Calculate Link Calculate 

 Midblock Speed Approach Delay 

 Apply Post Speed VMT Adjustments 

 

 

 Prepare MOVES CDM Files 

 

 VHT by Annual RoadType SourceType Hourly Ramp 

 Speed Bin VMT Fractions Population Fractions Fractions 

 Per VMT 

 <Optional> 

Off-line File Preparation 

 

 Vehicle Age 

 Distribution Run MOVES Importer 

 to convert county input data 

 Hourly into MYSQL data format 

 Temps/Humidity 

 

 I/M 

 Parameters 

 

 Fuel Run MOVES 

 Parameters 

 
Appendix A-1 14

Seasonal Adjustments: PPSUITE takes the input daily volumes from RMS (which represents annual 

average daily traffic (AADT)) and seasonally adjusts the volumes to an average weekday in July. This 

adjustment utilizes factors developed for each functional class and urban/rural code. VMT can then be

calculated for each link using the adjusted weekday volumes. 

Example: 

Again, assume the rural freeway link: I-80 segment 2500 in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. The 

AADT for this link in 2008 is 12,077 vehicles/day. 

Seasonal factors have been developed for urban/rural code and functional class combinations. For 

an urban/rural code=1 and a functional class=1, the factor to convert from AADT to an average 

weekday in July is = 1.15. 

Average Weekday July Volume = 12,077 x 1.15 = 13,889 vehicles/day. 

Total VMT (daily) for this link is calculated as volume x distance. The distance of this link as 

obtained from RMS is 0.296 miles. 

2008 VMT = 13,889 vehicles/day x 0.296 miles = 4,111 vehicle-miles / day. 

Disaggregation to 24 Hours: After seasonally adjusting the link volume, the volume is split to each hour 

of the day. This allows for more accurate speed calculations (effects of congested hours) and allows 

PPSUITE to prepare the hourly VMT and speeds for input to the MOVES model. 

Example: 

To support speed calculations and emission estimates by time of day, the July weekday volume is 

disaggregated to 24 hourly volumes. Temporal patterns were previously developed from 

PennDOT count data and input to PPSUITE. For the I-80 rural freeway link with morning peak 

volumes similar to evening peak hours (neutral), the following temporal pattern is applied: 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

13579

11131517192123

Hour of Day

Percent of Daily

Using the I-80 segment, typical hourly volumes which result include: 

 8-9 a.m. 6.0% x (4,111 vehicle miles/ 0.296mi.) = 833 vehicles/hour (vph) 

 12-1 p.m. 5.0% x (4,111 vehicle .miles/ 0.296mi.) = 694 vph 

 5-6 p.m. 6.3% x (4,111 vehicle miles/ 0.296mi.) = 875 vph 
Appendix A-1 15

After dividing the daily volumes to each hour of the day, PPSUITE identifies hours that are unreasonably 

congested. For those hours, PPSUITE then spreads a portion of the volume to other hours within the 

same peak period, thereby approximating the “peak spreading” that normally occurs in such over-capacity 

conditions. 

 

Disaggregation to Vehicle Type: EPA requires VMT estimates to be prepared by source type, reflecting 

specific local characteristics. As a result, for Pennsylvania’s emission inventory runs, the hourly volumes 

are disaggregated to the thirteen MOVES source types based on count data assembled by PennDOT in 

combination with MOVES defaults. 

Example: 

Disaggregation of the total I-80 VMT to the various source types would include the following: 

 

Total Volume 8-9 am = 833 vph 

Source Type Volume 8-9 am: 

Motorcycle 11 0.5% 4 vph 

Passenger Car 21 54.7% 456 vph 

Passenger Truck 31 27.9% 232 vph 

Light Commercial Truck 32 9.3% 78 vph 

Intercity Bus 41 0.1% 1 vph 

Transit Bus 42 0.1% 1 vph 

School bus 43 0.1% 1 vph 

Refuse Truck 51 0.0% 0 vph 

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 52 2.2% 19 vph 

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 53 0.3% 2 vph 

Motor Home 54 0.1% 1 vph 

Combination Short-haul Truck 61 1.9% 16 vph 

Combination Long-haul Truck 62 2.6% 22 vph 

 

Speed/Delay Determination 

EPA recognizes that the estimation of vehicle speeds is a difficult and complex process. Because 

emissions are so sensitive to speeds, it recommends special attention be given to developing reasonable 

and consistent speed estimates; it also recommends that VMT be disaggregated into subsets that have 

roughly equal speed, with separate emission factors for each subset. At a minimum, speeds should be 

estimated separately by road type. 

The computational framework used for this analysis meets and exceeds that recommendation. Speeds are 

individually calculated for each roadway segment and hour and include the delays encountered at signals. 

Rather than accumulating the roadway segments into a particular road type and calculating an average 

speed, each individual link hourly speed is represented in the MOVES vehicle hours of travel (VHT) by 

speed bin file. This MOVES input file allows the specification of a distribution of hourly speeds. 

For example, if 5% of a county’s arterial VHT operates at 5 mph during the AM peak hour and the 

remaining 95% operates at 65 mph, this can be represented in the MOVES speed input file. For the 

model runs, distributions of speeds are input to MOVES by road type and source type by each hour of the 

day; VMT and VHT is accumulated by the same groupings for the application of the emission factors to 

produce resulting emission totals. 
Appendix A-1 16

To calculate speeds, PPSUITE first obtains initial capacities (how much volume the roadway can serve 

before heavy congestion) and free-flow speeds (speeds assuming no congestion) from the speed/capacity 

lookup data. As described in previous sections, this data contains default roadway information indexed 

by the urban/rural code and functional class. For areas with known characteristics, values can be directly 

coded to the RMS database and the speed/capacity data can be overridden. However, for most areas 

where known information is not available, the speed/capacity lookups provide valuable default 

information regarding speeds, capacities, signal characteristics, and other capacity adjustment information 

used for calculating congested delays and speeds. An effort has been made to enhance the RMS data with 

traffic signal locations using other GIS signal data available from PennDOT’s Bureau of Highway Safety

and Traffic Engineering. 

Example: 

The speed/capacity lookup table is used to obtain important data used for link speed calculations. 

For the I-80 link with an urban/rural code = 1 (rural) and a functional class = 1 (freeway), the 

lookup table provides information including the following: 

 freeflow speed = 65 mph 

 capacity = 1800 vph per lane 

 number of signals = 0 (per RMS linkage to GIS traffic signal locations) 

This information is used along with the physical characteristics of the roadway to calculate the 

delay (including congestion) to travel this link during each hour of the day: 

For example: The I-80 link is calculated to have a travel time, including delay of 17.76 seconds 

for the 8-9am hour. 

Total travel time, in vehicle hours, for the 8-9am hour is calculated as: 

VHT (8-9am) = 17.76 seconds x 833vph / 3600 sec/hr = 4.12 vehicle hours. 

The result of this process is an estimated average travel time for each hour of the day for each highway 

segment. The average time can be multiplied by the volume to produce vehicle hours of travel (VHT). 

HPMS and VMT Adjustments 

Volumes must also be adjusted to account for differences with the HPMS VMT totals, as described 

previously. VMT adjustment factors are provided as input to PPSUITE, and are applied to each of the 

roadway segment volumes. These factors were developed from the latest HPMS download (conducted 

triennially); however, they are also applied to any future year runs. The VMT added or subtracted to the 

RMS database assumes the speeds calculated using the original volumes for each roadway segment for 

each hour of the day. 

 
Appendix A-1 17

Example: 

Using the Luzerne County I-80 rural freeway link example, the daily assigned volume is adjusted 

to account for reconciliation with the HPMS VMT. RMS VMT (in AADT) for Luzerne County 

rural freeways totals 962,559 vehicle miles in 2008. HPMS VMT (in AADT) as supplied by 

PennDOT and reported to FHWA totals to 990,088 vehicle miles for the rural freeways. A factor 

is developed by dividing the HPMS VMT by the RMS VMT: 

HPMS adjustment factor for Luzerne County rural freeways = 990,088 / 962,559 = 1.029. 

This factor is held constant in all future years. As an example, this adjustment is made to the 

I-80 freeway link VMT for the 8-9am hour after speed calculations are made, and produces the 

final July weekday VMT for this hour used for Ozone runs. 

I-80 Link VMT (8-9am) = 833vph x 0.296 miles x 1.029 = 254 vehicle miles. 

MOVES Emissions Run 

After computing speeds and aggregating VMT and VHT, PPSUITE prepares traffic-related inputs needed 

to run EPA’s MOVES software, which is used to estimate emission factors in grams of pollutant per 

vehicle mile and to produce total emissions based on input VMT to the model. The process uses 

MOVES2010a, the officially released emissions model that was obtained directly from EPA. 

 

The MOVES inputs prepared by PPSUITE include the following: 

• Vehicle Type VMT. 

• Vehicle Population. 

• VMT fractions. 

• Average speed distributions. 

• Road Type Distribution. 

• Ramp Fractions. 

These files are text formatted files with a *.csv extension. The files are provided as inputs within the 

MOVES county data importer. In addition the remaining MOVES input data including temperatures, 

I/M programs, fuel and vehicle ages are prepared manually outside of the PPSUITE process. 

The MOVES county importer is run in batch mode. This program converts all data files into the MYSQL 

formats used by the MOVES model. At that point a MOVES run specification file (*.mrs) is created 

which specifies options and key data locations for the run. MOVES is then executed in batch mode. 

MOVES can be executed using either the inventory or rate-based approaches. For this highway 

emissions inventory, MOVES is applied using the inventory-based approach. Under this method, actual 

VMT and population are provided as inputs to the model; MOVES is responsible for producing the total 

emissions for the region. Under the rate-based approach, MOVES would produce emission factors, after 

which PPSUITE would apply the emission factors to the link data and calculate total regional emissions. 
Appendix A-1 18

RESOURCES 

MOVES model 

Modeling Page within EPA’s Office of Mobile Sources Website 

(http://www.epa.gov/omswww/models.htm) contains a downloadable model, MOVES users guide and 

other information. 

Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, User Guide for MOVES2010a, EPA-420-B-10-036, August 2010. 

Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emission Inventory Preparation in State 

Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, and Office 

of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-10-023, April 2010. 

Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Development, Transportation Conformity, and Other 

Purposes, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09-046, December 2009. 

Traffic Engineering

Highway Capacity Manual, Transportation Research Board, presents current knowledge and techniques 

for analyzing the transportation system.

Traffic Data Collection and Factor Development Report, 2008 Data, Pennsylvania Department of 

Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research. 
Appendix A-1 19

Highway Vehicle Inventory Glossary 

AADT: Average Annual Daily Traffic, average of ALL days. 

AWDT: Average Weekday Daily Traffic. 

Basic emission rates: MOBILE emission rates based on the applicable Federal emission standards and 

the emission control technologies characterizing the fleet in various model years. 

Emission rate or factor: Expresses the amount of pollution emitted per unit of activity. For highway 

vehicles, usually in grams of pollutant emitted per mile driven. 

FC: Functional code, applied in data management to road segments to identify their type (freeway, local, 

etc.). 

Fuel volatility: The ability of fuel components to evaporate, thus entering the atmosphere as pollution. 

Fuel volatility is usually measured as Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) in pounds per square inch. The lower

the RVP, the less volatile the fuel. 

Growth factor: Factor used to convert volumes to future years. 

HPMS: Highway Performance Monitoring System, PENNDOT’s official source of highway information 

and a subset of RMS. 

I/M: Vehicle emissions inspection/maintenance programs ensure that vehicle emission controls are in 

good working order throughout the life of the vehicle. The programs require vehicles to be tested for

emissions. Most vehicles that do not pass must be repaired. 

MOBILE: The model EPA has developed and which Pennsylvania uses to estimate emissions from 

highway vehicles. 

MOVES: The latest model EPA has developed with which Pennsylvania uses to estimate emissions from 

highway vehicles. 

Pattern data: Extrapolations of traffic patterns (such as how traffic volume on road segment types varies 

by time of day, or what kinds of vehicles tend to use a road segment type) from segments with observed

data to similar segments. 

PPSUITE: Post-Processor for Air Quality, a set of programs that estimate speeds and processes MOBILE 

emission rates. 

RMS: Roadway Management System, a database maintained by PENNDOT from traffic counts and field 

visits. 

Segment (also referred to as link): Division of roadway in the PENNDOT Roadway Management 

System. Usually represents 0.5 mile segments of roadway. 

UR: Urban/rural code, applied in data management to identify whether a road segment is urban, small 

urban or rural. 
Appendix A-1 20

VHT: Vehicle hours traveled. 

VMT: Vehicle miles traveled. In modeling terms, it is the simulated traffic volumes times link length. 

Vehicle Type: One of eight types, distinguished primarily by fuel type and/or weight, used in MOBILE 

modeling. 

Source Type: One of thirteen types, distinguished primarily by weight, used in MOVES modeling. 

Road Type: Functional code, applied in data management to road segments to identify their type 

(rural/urban highways, rural/urban arterials, etc.)

County Data Manager: User interface developed to simplify importing specific local data for a single 

county or a user-defined custom domain without requiring direct interaction with the underlying MySQL 

database. 
APPENDIX A-2

Philadelphia Area Emission Summary Tables

Appendix A-2-1

2002 Annual Emissions

Emission Summary

Emission Summary by Road Type

Emission Summary by Source Type

Emission Summary by Process

Appendix A-2-2

2009 Annual Emissions

Emission Summary

Emission Summary by Road Type

Emission Summary by Source Type

Emission Summary by Process
Appendix A-2-1

2002 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary

 Annual (Tons/Year)

County VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Bucks 4,882,363,481 45.6 547.18 642.15 5,851.94 74,163.10 17,757.01 3

Chester 4,217,540,411 46.4 477.68 558.47 4,516.41 58,922.24 15,243.13 3

Delaware 3,520,410,133 41.0 391.53 470.08 4,665.02 58,154.64 12,411.65 2

Montgomery 6,770,286,318 41.7 727.77 871.25 8,414.67 106,283.26 23,470.42 4

Philadelphia 5,701,943,934 28.1 760.45 955.06 8,661.64 102,077.19 21,996.77 4

Philadelphia MPO 25,092,544,276 38.7 2,904.60 3,497.01 32,109.70 399,600.43 90,878.99 1,8

Appendix A-2 
Appendix A-2-1

2002 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary by Road Type

 Annual (Tons/Year)

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Bucks Off-Network - - 57.01 61.24 3,290.79 33,663.91 

Rural Restricted Access 109,746,455 64.9 15.97 17.46 49.19 1,019.75 

Rural Unrestricted Access 953,674,721 47.2 94.04 110.69 483.57 7,398.13 

Urban Restricted Access 1,096,238,084 57.4 146.33 163.29 523.41 10,210.17 

Urban Unrestricted Access 2,722,704,221 41.2 233.83 289.46 1,504.98 21,871.14 

Total 4,882,363,481 45.6 547.18 642.15 5,851.94 74,163.10 17

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Chester Off-Network - - 41.74 44.76 2,323.03 23,749.74 

Rural Restricted Access 168,683,813 64.9 27.82 30.28 77.25 1,572.64 

Rural Unrestricted Access 1,327,506,152 45.6 145.40 170.82 696.77 10,471.36 

Urban Restricted Access 1,006,896,730 55.1 111.97 127.12 481.47 9,441.54 

Urban Unrestricted Access 1,714,453,717 41.9 150.74 185.49 937.91 13,686.95 

Total 4,217,540,411 46.4 477.68 558.47 4,516.41 58,922.24 15

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Delaware Off-Network - - 45.22 48.62 2,671.50 27,325.81 

Rural Restricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Rural Unrestricted Access 50,571,394 49.2 5.14 5.99 25.12 395.47 

Urban Restricted Access 1,154,738,910 51.6 129.10 147.93 573.33 10,864.53 

Urban Unrestricted Access 2,315,099,828 37.1 212.07 267.53 1,395.07 19,568.84 

Total 3,520,410,133 41.0 391.53 470.08 4,665.02 58,154.64 12

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Montgomery Off-Network - - 79.42 85.36 4,645.91 47,545.36 

Rural Restricted Access 115,484,490 64.9 16.64 18.20 51.68 1,073.25 

Rural Unrestricted Access 543,633,248 47.4 47.36 56.41 272.52 4,209.96 

Urban Restricted Access 2,182,378,167 47.8 245.26 282.70 1,132.41 20,751.19 

Urban Unrestricted Access 3,928,790,413 38.0 339.09 428.58 2,312.15 32,703.50 1

Total 6,770,286,318 41.7 727.77 871.25 8,414.67 106,283.26 23

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Philadelphia Off-Network - - 76.08 81.67 4,330.47 44,075.13 

Rural Restricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Rural Unrestricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Urban Restricted Access 1,758,301,926 35.3 248.24 291.26 1,129.53 17,963.00 

Urban Unrestricted Access 3,943,642,008 25.8 436.13 582.13 3,201.65 40,039.06 1

Total 5,701,943,934 28.1 760.45 955.06 8,661.64 102,077.19 21

Appendix A-2 
Appendix A-2-1

2002 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary by Source Type

 Annual (Tons/Year)

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions 

Bucks Motorcycle 24,959,521 0.5% 1.29 0.2% 1.46 0.2% 103.28 1.8% 957.89 1.3% 43.11 0.2% 0.96 

Passenger Car 2,652,429,176 54.3% 68.94 12.6% 101.70 15.8% 2,325.41 39.7% 26,267.06 35.4% 3,593.61 20.2% 96.96 

Passenger Truck 1,352,164,360 27.7% 80.50 14.7% 105.73 16.5% 2,159.61 36.9% 31,236.91 42.1% 3,947.27 22.2% 71.95 

Light Commercial Truck 451,508,985 9.2% 45.04 8.2% 54.19 8.4% 733.10 12.5% 10,347.16 14.0% 1,462.55 8.2% 27.97 

Intercity Bus 5,324,131 0.1% 7.91 1.4% 8.42 1.3% 4.14 0.1% 28.97 0.0% 147.35 0.8% 2.22 

Transit Bus 348,067 0.0% 0.35 0.1% 0.37 0.1% 0.29 0.0% 4.03 0.0% 7.54 0.0% 0.11 

School Bus 2,492,912 0.1% 1.61 0.3% 1.78 0.3% 4.69 0.1% 73.49 0.1% 30.62 0.2% 0.52 

Refuse Truck 3,037,508 0.1% 3.10 0.6% 3.32 0.5% 2.63 0.0% 26.86 0.0% 69.50 0.4% 1.18 

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 119,851,272 2.5% 50.54 9.2% 56.48 8.8% 185.76 3.2% 3,169.97 4.3% 1,091.68 6.1% 21.86 

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 16,459,620 0.3% 5.38 1.0% 6.13 1.0% 15.92 0.3% 239.65 0.3% 124.38 0.7% 2.90 

Motor Home 6,927,457 0.1% 1.63 0.3% 1.91 0.3% 17.15 0.3% 354.87 0.5% 57.05 0.3% 0.90 

Combination Short-haul Truck 102,224,981 2.1% 117.51 21.5% 125.57 19.6% 81.79 1.4% 575.91 0.8% 2,807.03 15.8% 49.50 

Combination Long-haul Truck 144,635,492 3.0% 163.38 29.9% 175.08 27.3% 218.17 3.7% 880.32 1.2% 4,375.32 24.6% 77.36 

Total 4,882,363,481 100.0% 547.18 100.0% 642.15 100.0% 5,851.94 100.0% 74,163.10 100.0% 17,757.01 100.0% 354.40 

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions 

Chester Motorcycle 21,495,078 0.5% 1.14 0.2% 1.29 0.2% 81.39 1.8% 816.79 1.4% 37.34 0.2% 0.83 

Passenger Car 2,284,267,484 54.2% 57.18 12.0% 84.45 15.1% 1,746.99 38.7% 20,583.29 34.9% 2,958.74 19.4% 82.29 

Passenger Truck 1,164,480,660 27.6% 66.64 14.0% 87.53 15.7% 1,651.22 36.6% 24,621.64 41.8% 3,271.49 21.5% 61.23 

Light Commercial Truck 388,838,010 9.2% 37.53 7.9% 45.10 8.1% 560.15 12.4% 8,075.88 13.7% 1,211.22 7.9% 23.81 

Intercity Bus 4,749,945 0.1% 7.06 1.5% 7.52 1.3% 3.69 0.1% 25.88 0.0% 131.24 0.9% 1.98 

Transit Bus 235,133 0.0% 0.24 0.0% 0.25 0.0% 0.19 0.0% 2.71 0.0% 5.07 0.0% 0.07 

School Bus 5,869,876 0.1% 3.75 0.8% 4.15 0.7% 10.97 0.2% 171.28 0.3% 71.96 0.5% 1.21 

Refuse Truck 2,696,499 0.1% 2.76 0.6% 2.96 0.5% 2.33 0.1% 23.87 0.0% 61.61 0.4% 1.05 

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 105,954,795 2.5% 44.57 9.3% 49.83 8.9% 164.29 3.6% 2,786.91 4.7% 964.20 6.3% 19.28 

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 14,557,913 0.3% 4.75 1.0% 5.41 1.0% 14.08 0.3% 209.93 0.4% 109.58 0.7% 2.56 

Motor Home 6,125,126 0.1% 1.43 0.3% 1.68 0.3% 15.17 0.3% 312.08 0.5% 50.35 0.3% 0.80 

Combination Short-haul Truck 90,407,855 2.1% 104.80 21.9% 112.01 20.1% 72.49 1.6% 511.26 0.9% 2,490.92 16.3% 43.97 

Combination Long-haul Truck 127,862,036 3.0% 145.83 30.5% 156.30 28.0% 193.44 4.3% 780.73 1.3% 3,879.42 25.5% 68.69 

Total 4,217,540,411 100.0% 477.68 100.0% 558.47 100.0% 4,516.41 100.0% 58,922.24 100.0% 15,243.13 100.0% 307.77 

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions 

Delaware Motorcycle 18,229,736 0.5% 0.99 0.3% 1.13 0.2% 81.58 1.7% 690.47 1.2% 29.90 0.2% 0.70 

Passenger Car 1,937,261,880 55.0% 55.16 14.1% 83.38 17.7% 1,890.30 40.5% 20,922.49 36.0% 2,732.38 22.0% 73.73 

Passenger Truck 987,584,320 28.1% 63.07 16.1% 84.97 18.1% 1,750.75 37.5% 24,843.30 42.7% 2,967.32 23.9% 54.24 

Light Commercial Truck 329,767,528 9.4% 35.03 8.9% 42.92 9.1% 594.58 12.7% 8,246.48 14.2% 1,108.78 8.9% 21.06 

Intercity Bus 3,970,591 0.1% 6.29 1.6% 6.75 1.4% 3.17 0.1% 22.51 0.0% 112.46 0.9% 1.71 

Transit Bus 2,193,177 0.1% 2.29 0.6% 2.44 0.5% 1.87 0.0% 25.52 0.0% 48.22 0.4% 0.68 

School Bus 541,419 0.0% 0.36 0.1% 0.40 0.1% 1.00 0.0% 14.61 0.0% 6.83 0.1% 0.12 

Refuse Truck 1,859,237 0.1% 2.06 0.5% 2.22 0.5% 1.69 0.0% 17.32 0.0% 43.88 0.4% 0.75 

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 73,432,582 2.1% 33.16 8.5% 37.45 8.0% 122.05 2.6% 2,037.92 3.5% 715.90 5.8% 14.27 

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 10,082,606 0.3% 3.56 0.9% 4.10 0.9% 10.50 0.2% 154.41 0.3% 81.88 0.7% 1.90 

Motor Home 4,243,381 0.1% 1.03 0.3% 1.23 0.3% 11.42 0.2% 228.03 0.4% 36.13 0.3% 0.58 

Combination Short-haul Truck 62,626,014 1.8% 78.34 20.0% 84.24 17.9% 52.43 1.1% 374.47 0.6% 1,759.75 14.2% 31.37 

Combination Long-haul Truck 88,617,661 2.5% 110.19 28.1% 118.84 25.3% 143.68 3.1% 577.12 1.0% 2,768.23 22.3% 49.26 

Total 3,520,410,133 100.0% 391.53 100.0% 470.08 100.0% 4,665.02 100.0% 58,154.64 100.0% 12,411.65 100.0% 250.36 

County SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeCounty Sourcetype

Appendix A-2 
VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions 

Montgomery Motorcycle 35,067,263 0.5% 1.89 0.3% 2.15 0.2% 149.59 1.8% 1,334.06 1.3% 58.58 0.2% 1.35 

Passenger Car 3,726,574,318 55.0% 102.15 14.0% 153.72 17.6% 3,381.55 40.2% 38,055.13 35.8% 5,134.05 21.9% 140.18 

Passenger Truck 1,899,741,726 28.1% 117.52 16.1% 157.46 18.1% 3,153.35 37.5% 45,314.90 42.6% 5,605.07 23.9% 103.45 

Light Commercial Truck 634,357,271 9.4% 65.71 9.0% 80.11 9.2% 1,070.60 12.7% 14,979.36 14.1% 2,092.04 8.9% 40.17 

Intercity Bus 6,581,956 0.1% 10.22 1.4% 10.94 1.3% 5.25 0.1% 37.06 0.0% 186.28 0.8% 2.82 

Transit Bus 1,693,112 0.0% 1.79 0.2% 1.90 0.2% 1.47 0.0% 20.15 0.0% 37.92 0.2% 0.53 

School Bus 3,571,202 0.1% 2.42 0.3% 2.70 0.3% 6.93 0.1% 104.53 0.1% 45.88 0.2% 0.78 

Refuse Truck 3,586,717 0.1% 3.87 0.5% 4.17 0.5% 3.23 0.0% 32.95 0.0% 84.48 0.4% 1.44 

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 141,031,648 2.1% 62.71 8.6% 70.59 8.1% 229.91 2.7% 3,878.52 3.6% 1,354.61 5.8% 27.04 

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 19,386,593 0.3% 6.73 0.9% 7.73 0.9% 19.80 0.2% 294.79 0.3% 155.18 0.7% 3.61 

Motor Home 8,152,766 0.1% 1.98 0.3% 2.35 0.3% 21.47 0.3% 436.83 0.4% 69.27 0.3% 1.11 

Combination Short-haul Truck 120,355,162 1.8% 146.17 20.1% 157.00 18.0% 99.84 1.2% 706.72 0.7% 3,367.18 14.3% 59.77 

Combination Long-haul Truck 170,186,583 2.5% 204.61 28.1% 220.43 25.3% 271.68 3.2% 1,088.26 1.0% 5,279.88 22.5% 93.68 

Total 6,770,286,318 100.0% 727.77 100.0% 871.25 100.0% 8,414.67 100.0% 106,283.26 100.0% 23,470.42 100.0% 475.92 

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions 

Philadelphia Motorcycle 29,474,356 0.5% 1.64 0.2% 1.90 0.2% 148.82 1.7% 1,089.92 1.1% 41.54 0.2% 1.14 

Passenger Car 3,132,219,928 54.9% 100.04 13.2% 169.17 17.7% 3,436.82 39.7% 36,557.97 35.8% 4,708.41 21.4% 136.54 

Passenger Truck 1,596,750,504 28.0% 111.23 14.6% 165.64 17.3% 3,264.11 37.7% 43,429.12 42.5% 5,007.71 22.8% 98.42 

Light Commercial Truck 533,182,500 9.4% 64.89 8.5% 84.26 8.8% 1,110.82 12.8% 14,475.69 14.2% 1,948.95 8.9% 38.25 

Intercity Bus 7,021,313 0.1% 13.15 1.7% 14.36 1.5% 6.46 0.1% 46.68 0.0% 216.55 1.0% 3.37 

Transit Bus 25,317,033 0.4% 28.59 3.8% 30.94 3.2% 26.51 0.3% 316.58 0.3% 622.84 2.8% 8.38 

School Bus 6,319,511 0.1% 4.83 0.6% 5.53 0.6% 13.39 0.2% 166.62 0.2% 90.49 0.4% 1.53 

Refuse Truck 2,880,013 0.1% 3.87 0.5% 4.26 0.4% 3.14 0.0% 30.71 0.0% 74.82 0.3% 1.30 

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 113,283,030 2.0% 62.40 8.2% 72.35 7.6% 229.11 2.6% 3,521.22 3.4% 1,330.48 6.0% 26.33 

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 15,572,818 0.3% 6.84 0.9% 8.13 0.9% 20.03 0.2% 268.03 0.3% 153.41 0.7% 3.51 

Motor Home 6,547,588 0.1% 1.81 0.2% 2.26 0.2% 21.93 0.3% 395.05 0.4% 62.17 0.3% 1.04 

Combination Short-haul Truck 96,664,130 1.7% 148.17 19.5% 162.28 17.0% 96.20 1.1% 684.82 0.7% 2,955.30 13.4% 53.98 

Combination Long-haul Truck 136,711,210 2.4% 212.98 28.0% 233.98 24.5% 284.29 3.3% 1,094.78 1.1% 4,784.11 21.7% 85.89 

Total 5,701,943,934 100.0% 760.45 100.0% 955.06 100.0% 8,661.64 100.0% 102,077.19 100.0% 21,996.77 100.0% 459.67 

County SourcetypeCounty Sourcetype

Appendix A-2 
Appendix A-2-1

2002 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary by Process

Annual (Tons/Year)

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Em

Bucks Running Exhaust 404.79 74.0% 422.94 65.9% 1,854.70 31.7% 40,489.73 54.6% 15,178.82 85.5% 

Start Exhaust 47.20 8.6% 51.11 8.0% 2,401.62 41.0% 33,487.62 45.2% 2,108.07 11.9% 

Brakewear 16.03 2.9% 61.25 9.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 8.04 1.5% 33.54 5.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 216.51 3.7% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1,047.40 17.9% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 159.20 2.7% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 61.30 11.2% 63.18 9.8% 25.88 0.4% 9.46 0.0% 4.22 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.92 0.2% 0.96 0.1% 31.74 0.5% 4.34 0.0% 0.07 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 1.48 0.3% 1.53 0.2% 2.25 0.0% 0.51 0.0% 0.23 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 7.41 1.4% 7.64 1.2% 112.66 1.9% 171.43 0.2% 465.61 2.6% 

Total 547.18 100.0% 642.15 100.0% 5,851.94 100.0% 74,163.10 100.0% 17,757.01 100.0% 

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Em

Chester Running Exhaust 360.77 75.5% 376.91 67.5% 1,595.66 35.3% 35,164.19 59.7% 13,348.36 87.6% 

Start Exhaust 33.19 6.9% 35.94 6.4% 1,680.95 37.2% 23,593.93 40.0% 1,477.49 9.7% 

Brakewear 13.47 2.8% 51.46 9.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 6.93 1.5% 28.89 5.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 151.52 3.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 824.01 18.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 117.70 2.6% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 54.76 11.5% 56.44 10.1% 22.32 0.5% 8.31 0.0% 3.76 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.65 0.1% 0.69 0.1% 22.23 0.5% 3.13 0.0% 0.05 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 1.32 0.3% 1.36 0.2% 2.00 0.0% 0.46 0.0% 0.21 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 6.58 1.4% 6.78 1.2% 100.04 2.2% 152.22 0.3% 413.26 2.7% 

Total 477.68 100.0% 558.47 100.0% 4,516.41 100.0% 58,922.24 100.0% 15,243.13 100.0% 

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Em

Delaware Running Exhaust 283.54 72.4% 296.54 63.1% 1,423.04 30.5% 30,822.03 53.0% 10,370.28 83.6% 

Start Exhaust 38.42 9.8% 41.60 8.8% 1,961.90 42.1% 27,205.11 46.8% 1,720.29 13.9% 

Brakewear 14.84 3.8% 56.67 12.1% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 6.00 1.5% 25.01 5.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 177.03 3.8% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 849.82 18.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 129.31 2.8% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 41.94 10.7% 43.23 9.2% 19.66 0.4% 6.80 0.0% 2.73 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.74 0.2% 0.78 0.2% 25.92 0.6% 3.47 0.0% 0.05 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 1.01 0.3% 1.04 0.2% 1.54 0.0% 0.35 0.0% 0.16 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 5.05 1.3% 5.21 1.1% 76.81 1.6% 116.88 0.2% 318.14 2.6% 

Total 391.53 100.0% 470.08 100.0% 4,665.02 100.0% 58,154.64 100.0% 12,411.65 100.0% 

County ProcessCounty ProcessCounty Process

Appendix A-2 
PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Em

Montgomery Running Exhaust 532.53 73.2% 557.15 63.9% 2,689.62 32.0% 58,725.03 55.3% 19,882.87 84.7% 

Start Exhaust 66.78 9.2% 72.31 8.3% 3,405.54 40.5% 47,319.89 44.5% 2,987.33 12.7% 

Brakewear 26.52 3.6% 101.30 11.6% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 11.27 1.5% 47.01 5.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 307.37 3.7% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1,553.62 18.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 229.77 2.7% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 78.03 10.7% 80.43 9.2% 37.15 0.4% 12.87 0.0% 5.19 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 1.29 0.2% 1.35 0.2% 45.00 0.5% 6.08 0.0% 0.09 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 1.89 0.3% 1.95 0.2% 2.87 0.0% 0.66 0.0% 0.30 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 9.46 1.3% 9.75 1.1% 143.75 1.7% 218.73 0.2% 594.63 2.5% 

Total 727.77 100.0% 871.25 100.0% 8,414.67 100.0% 106,283.26 100.0% 23,470.42 100.0% 

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Em

Philadelphia Running Exhaust 543.65 71.5% 567.41 59.4% 2,987.77 34.5% 57,988.78 56.8% 18,538.68 84.3% 

Start Exhaust 61.91 8.1% 67.04 7.0% 3,160.00 36.5% 43,818.69 42.9% 2,771.64 12.6% 

Brakewear 45.00 5.9% 171.90 18.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 11.28 1.5% 47.05 4.9% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 285.99 3.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1,744.60 20.1% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 232.67 2.7% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 84.43 11.1% 87.03 9.1% 41.23 0.5% 13.28 0.0% 5.04 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 1.20 0.2% 1.26 0.1% 41.75 0.5% 5.63 0.0% 0.09 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 2.16 0.3% 2.23 0.2% 3.29 0.0% 0.75 0.0% 0.34 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 10.81 1.4% 11.14 1.2% 164.33 1.9% 250.06 0.2% 680.99 3.1% 

Total 760.45 100.0% 955.06 100.0% 8,661.64 100.0% 102,077.19 100.0% 21,996.77 100.0% 

County ProcessCounty Process

Appendix A-2 
Appendix A-2-2

2009 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary

 Annual (Tons/Year)

County VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Bucks 4,787,056,062 40.5 359.14 454.28 4,927.53 56,435.14 11,119.50 6

Chester 4,079,142,718 40.3 307.11 389.21 3,858.01 45,136.47 9,294.47 5

Delaware 3,475,960,655 37.9 254.25 328.70 3,791.33 43,210.72 7,822.52 4

Montgomery 6,577,580,722 39.7 475.83 608.90 6,403.73 75,149.56 14,571.29 8

Philadelphia 5,660,248,214 27.3 511.20 685.80 6,845.37 74,992.41 14,410.52 7

Philadelphia MPO 24,579,988,371 35.9 1,907.52 2,466.88 25,825.97 294,924.29 57,218.29 31

Appendix A-2 
Appendix A-2-2

2009 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary by Road Type

 Annual (Tons/Year)

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Bucks Off-Network - - 48.93 52.67 3,532.64 32,481.69 

Rural Restricted Access 122,302,773 64.8 11.29 12.71 30.79 691.44 

Rural Unrestricted Access 349,294,896 47.7 21.40 26.83 91.00 1,569.17 

Urban Restricted Access 1,091,493,746 52.9 84.18 99.26 289.08 6,246.69 

Urban Unrestricted Access 3,223,964,648 36.4 193.33 262.81 984.02 15,446.15 

Total 4,787,056,062 40.5 359.14 454.28 4,927.53 56,435.14 

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Chester Off-Network - - 37.41 40.24 2,661.50 24,509.53 

Rural Restricted Access 197,167,089 64.9 20.61 23.06 51.26 1,112.15 

Rural Unrestricted Access 530,723,197 45.5 38.84 48.43 146.13 2,406.62 

Urban Restricted Access 944,528,998 52.1 61.52 74.04 243.75 5,448.29 

Urban Unrestricted Access 2,406,723,434 35.1 148.73 203.44 755.37 11,659.87 

Total 4,079,142,718 40.3 307.11 389.21 3,858.01 45,136.47 

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Delaware Off-Network - - 37.33 40.22 2,740.31 25,159.64 

Rural Restricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Rural Unrestricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Urban Restricted Access 1,115,243,226 52.1 75.57 91.07 289.62 6,381.58 

Urban Unrestricted Access 2,360,717,429 33.5 141.35 197.42 761.40 11,669.49 

Total 3,475,960,655 37.9 254.25 328.70 3,791.33 43,210.72 

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Montgomery Off-Network - - 61.79 66.51 4,465.36 41,089.54 

Rural Restricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Rural Unrestricted Access 96,609,778 49.5 5.43 6.81 24.39 432.30 

Urban Restricted Access 2,344,222,917 53.7 173.31 205.52 610.73 13,398.98 

Urban Unrestricted Access 4,136,748,027 34.4 235.29 330.06 1,303.26 20,228.74 

Total 6,577,580,722 39.7 475.83 608.90 6,403.73 75,149.56 

County Road Type VMT Speed (mph) PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO 

Philadelphia Off-Network - - 65.44 70.39 4,657.81 42,584.95 

Rural Restricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Rural Unrestricted Access 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Urban Restricted Access 1,664,527,051 25.2 170.26 219.89 709.53 11,109.59 

Urban Unrestricted Access 3,995,721,163 28.3 275.49 395.52 1,478.03 21,297.87 

Total 5,660,248,214 27.3 511.20 685.80 6,845.37 74,992.41 

Appendix A-2 
Appendix A-2-2

2009 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary by Source Type

 Annual (Tons/Year)

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissio

Bucks Motorcycle 24,614,442 0.5% 1.17 0.3% 1.34 0.3% 124.84 2.5% 598.30 1.1% 23.88 0.2% 0

Passenger Car 2,615,762,448 54.6% 50.98 14.2% 84.92 18.7% 1,550.08 31.5% 17,200.44 30.5% 1,932.92 17.4% 20

Passenger Truck 1,330,766,572 27.8% 66.90 18.6% 93.29 20.5% 2,153.87 43.7% 26,334.32 46.7% 3,227.62 29.0% 14

Light Commercial Truck 447,969,802 9.4% 36.79 10.2% 46.21 10.2% 725.72 14.7% 8,900.82 15.8% 1,258.13 11.3% 5

Intercity Bus 5,104,320 0.1% 5.09 1.4% 5.56 1.2% 3.65 0.1% 24.01 0.0% 94.96 0.9% 0

Transit Bus 275,892 0.0% 0.20 0.1% 0.22 0.0% 0.22 0.0% 2.77 0.0% 4.07 0.0% 0

School Bus 2,108,346 0.0% 1.07 0.3% 1.22 0.3% 2.89 0.1% 38.50 0.1% 19.61 0.2% 0

Refuse Truck 2,948,584 0.1% 1.75 0.5% 1.96 0.4% 1.84 0.0% 15.79 0.0% 36.26 0.3% 0

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 109,952,048 2.3% 28.94 8.1% 34.47 7.6% 118.67 2.4% 1,923.43 3.4% 662.78 6.0% 3

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 14,682,525 0.3% 3.45 1.0% 4.17 0.9% 12.11 0.2% 179.72 0.3% 78.33 0.7% 0

Motor Home 6,532,546 0.1% 1.21 0.3% 1.48 0.3% 13.30 0.3% 244.45 0.4% 42.10 0.4% 0

Combination Short-haul Truck 95,902,159 2.0% 64.05 17.8% 71.23 15.7% 56.31 1.1% 338.11 0.6% 1,375.54 12.4% 6

Combination Long-haul Truck 130,436,377 2.7% 97.53 27.2% 108.20 23.8% 164.03 3.3% 634.48 1.1% 2,363.31 21.3% 9

Total 4,787,056,062 100.0% 359.14 100.0% 454.28 100.0% 4,927.53 100.0% 56,435.14 100.0% 11,119.50 100.0% 60.

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissio

Chester Motorcycle 20,964,059 0.5% 1.01 0.3% 1.16 0.3% 98.02 2.5% 499.63 1.1% 20.16 0.2% 0

Passenger Car 2,227,835,998 54.6% 42.74 13.9% 71.90 18.5% 1,198.09 31.1% 13,704.28 30.4% 1,582.44 17.0% 17

Passenger Truck 1,133,408,060 27.8% 55.57 18.1% 78.17 20.1% 1,673.66 43.4% 20,932.52 46.4% 2,640.34 28.4% 12

Light Commercial Truck 381,535,800 9.4% 30.77 10.0% 38.83 10.0% 565.94 14.7% 7,047.07 15.6% 1,033.32 11.1% 4

Intercity Bus 4,375,593 0.1% 4.41 1.4% 4.82 1.2% 3.13 0.1% 20.64 0.0% 81.36 0.9% 0

Transit Bus 186,575 0.0% 0.14 0.0% 0.15 0.0% 0.14 0.0% 1.85 0.0% 2.72 0.0% 0

School Bus 4,971,447 0.1% 2.51 0.8% 2.87 0.7% 6.74 0.2% 89.86 0.2% 46.23 0.5% 0

Refuse Truck 2,501,425 0.1% 1.50 0.5% 1.68 0.4% 1.56 0.0% 13.47 0.0% 30.82 0.3% 0

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 93,301,255 2.3% 24.63 8.0% 29.38 7.5% 101.21 2.6% 1,635.61 3.6% 565.53 6.1% 2

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 12,457,291 0.3% 2.93 1.0% 3.55 0.9% 10.33 0.3% 152.53 0.3% 66.67 0.7% 0

Motor Home 5,544,410 0.1% 1.02 0.3% 1.26 0.3% 11.36 0.3% 208.81 0.5% 35.85 0.4% 0

Combination Short-haul Truck 81,381,813 2.0% 55.40 18.0% 61.65 15.8% 47.94 1.2% 288.62 0.6% 1,173.39 12.6% 5

Combination Long-haul Truck 110,678,991 2.7% 84.48 27.5% 93.78 24.1% 139.88 3.6% 541.56 1.2% 2,015.64 21.7% 8

Total 4,079,142,718 100.0% 307.11 100.0% 389.21 100.0% 3,858.01 100.0% 45,136.47 100.0% 9,294.47 100.0% 51.

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissio

Delaware Motorcycle 18,101,883 0.5% 0.90 0.4% 1.03 0.3% 96.85 2.6% 439.62 1.0% 17.09 0.2% 0

Passenger Car 1,923,675,696 55.3% 40.19 15.8% 67.80 20.6% 1,210.08 31.9% 13,367.79 30.9% 1,465.23 18.7% 15

Passenger Truck 978,668,100 28.2% 52.35 20.6% 73.98 22.5% 1,679.91 44.3% 20,378.67 47.2% 2,432.21 31.1% 11

Light Commercial Truck 329,445,430 9.5% 28.42 11.2% 36.11 11.0% 566.01 14.9% 6,887.72 15.9% 952.75 12.2% 4

Intercity Bus 3,866,606 0.1% 4.04 1.6% 4.44 1.4% 2.83 0.1% 18.49 0.0% 72.95 0.9% 0

Transit Bus 1,793,663 0.1% 1.36 0.5% 1.47 0.4% 1.46 0.0% 18.03 0.0% 26.91 0.3% 0

School Bus 464,111 0.0% 0.24 0.1% 0.28 0.1% 0.61 0.0% 7.53 0.0% 4.39 0.1% 0

Refuse Truck 1,809,487 0.1% 1.13 0.4% 1.27 0.4% 1.17 0.0% 9.98 0.0% 22.69 0.3% 0

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 67,081,820 1.9% 18.47 7.3% 22.24 6.8% 75.32 2.0% 1,200.16 2.8% 419.62 5.4% 1

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 8,958,098 0.3% 2.20 0.9% 2.69 0.8% 7.73 0.2% 112.35 0.3% 49.67 0.6% 0

Motor Home 3,985,991 0.1% 0.76 0.3% 0.95 0.3% 8.47 0.2% 153.09 0.4% 26.23 0.3% 0

Combination Short-haul Truck 58,522,860 1.7% 41.20 16.2% 46.12 14.0% 35.64 0.9% 213.40 0.5% 852.85 10.9% 3

Combination Long-haul Truck 79,586,910 2.3% 62.99 24.8% 70.32 21.4% 105.24 2.8% 403.88 0.9% 1,479.95 18.9% 5

Total 3,475,960,655 100.0% 254.25 100.0% 328.70 100.0% 3,791.33 100.0% 43,210.72 100.0% 7,822.52 100.0% 42.

County SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeCounty Sourcetype

Appendix A-2 
VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissio

Montgomery Motorcycle 34,062,593 0.5% 1.70 0.4% 1.95 0.3% 163.79 2.6% 810.22 1.1% 32.29 0.2% 0

Passenger Car 3,619,806,658 55.0% 72.42 15.2% 121.61 20.0% 2,013.33 31.4% 23,089.75 30.7% 2,613.56 17.9% 27

Passenger Truck 1,841,578,496 28.0% 93.89 19.7% 132.20 21.7% 2,809.49 43.9% 35,119.95 46.7% 4,344.87 29.8% 20

Light Commercial Truck 619,917,776 9.4% 51.22 10.8% 64.85 10.7% 949.20 14.8% 11,805.54 15.7% 1,700.92 11.7% 7

Intercity Bus 6,926,939 0.1% 6.98 1.5% 7.63 1.3% 4.92 0.1% 32.42 0.0% 129.28 0.9% 0

Transit Bus 1,413,372 0.0% 1.06 0.2% 1.14 0.2% 1.14 0.0% 14.39 0.0% 21.25 0.1% 0

School Bus 3,116,755 0.0% 1.64 0.3% 1.86 0.3% 4.20 0.1% 54.88 0.1% 29.53 0.2% 0

Refuse Truck 3,700,915 0.1% 2.22 0.5% 2.49 0.4% 2.30 0.0% 19.93 0.0% 45.78 0.3% 0

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 137,490,361 2.1% 36.70 7.7% 43.68 7.2% 149.34 2.3% 2,445.42 3.3% 841.24 5.8% 3

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 18,356,240 0.3% 4.38 0.9% 5.29 0.9% 15.25 0.2% 229.18 0.3% 99.72 0.7% 0

Motor Home 8,167,152 0.1% 1.53 0.3% 1.88 0.3% 16.85 0.3% 314.59 0.4% 53.44 0.4% 0

Combination Short-haul Truck 119,952,325 1.8% 80.14 16.8% 89.09 14.6% 70.04 1.1% 422.23 0.6% 1,714.77 11.8% 7

Combination Long-haul Truck 163,091,138 2.5% 121.93 25.6% 135.22 22.2% 203.88 3.2% 791.07 1.1% 2,944.64 20.2% 11

Total 6,577,580,722 100.0% 475.83 100.0% 608.90 100.0% 6,403.73 100.0% 75,149.56 100.0% 14,571.29 100.0% 81.

VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissio

Philadelphia Motorcycle 29,323,081 0.5% 1.48 0.3% 1.72 0.3% 173.70 2.5% 731.09 1.0% 25.98 0.2% 0

Passenger Car 3,116,141,384 55.1% 73.72 14.4% 134.90 19.7% 2,144.45 31.3% 23,057.50 30.7% 2,522.62 17.5% 27

Passenger Truck 1,585,332,608 28.0% 94.03 18.4% 142.53 20.8% 2,986.84 43.6% 35,044.70 46.7% 4,141.35 28.7% 20

Light Commercial Truck 533,665,900 9.4% 52.91 10.4% 70.05 10.2% 1,014.02 14.8% 11,912.04 15.9% 1,679.92 11.7% 7

Intercity Bus 8,072,555 0.1% 9.98 2.0% 11.26 1.6% 7.22 0.1% 45.10 0.1% 168.09 1.2% 0

Transit Bus 23,323,576 0.4% 20.48 4.0% 22.60 3.3% 24.04 0.4% 259.99 0.3% 406.11 2.8% 1

School Bus 6,084,174 0.1% 3.90 0.8% 4.62 0.7% 9.04 0.1% 92.11 0.1% 68.29 0.5% 0

Refuse Truck 2,928,220 0.1% 2.24 0.4% 2.62 0.4% 2.39 0.0% 18.53 0.0% 41.42 0.3% 0

Single Unit Short-haul Truck 109,292,520 1.9% 37.34 7.3% 46.57 6.8% 147.60 2.2% 2,118.03 2.8% 815.93 5.7% 3

Single Unit Long-haul Truck 14,600,425 0.3% 4.47 0.9% 5.67 0.8% 15.61 0.2% 200.23 0.3% 96.94 0.7% 0

Motor Home 6,493,711 0.1% 1.51 0.3% 1.94 0.3% 16.53 0.2% 273.50 0.4% 48.52 0.3% 0

Combination Short-haul Truck 95,334,960 1.7% 82.03 16.0% 94.93 13.8% 73.43 1.1% 413.28 0.6% 1,555.45 10.8% 7

Combination Long-haul Truck 129,655,100 2.3% 127.11 24.9% 146.38 21.3% 230.50 3.4% 826.30 1.1% 2,839.90 19.7% 10

Total 5,660,248,214 100.0% 511.20 100.0% 685.80 100.0% 6,845.37 100.0% 74,992.41 100.0% 14,410.52 100.0% 79.

County SourcetypeCounty Sourcetype

Appendix A-2 
Appendix A-2-2

2009 Philadelphia Area Emission Summary by Process

Annual (Tons/Year)

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emis

Bucks Running Exhaust 247.33 68.9% 258.76 57.0% 1,007.83 20.5% 23,947.23 42.4% 8,479.72 76.3% 

Start Exhaust 42.38 11.8% 45.90 10.1% 2,515.60 51.1% 32,303.96 57.2% 2,180.68 19.6% 

Brakewear 18.97 5.3% 72.45 15.9% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 8.00 2.2% 33.36 7.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 311.97 6.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 697.50 14.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 257.52 5.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 35.91 10.0% 37.04 8.2% 14.43 0.3% 6.22 0.0% 2.06 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.79 0.2% 0.83 0.2% 33.26 0.7% 4.24 0.0% 0.08 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.93 0.3% 0.96 0.2% 1.56 0.0% 0.40 0.0% 0.18 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 4.83 1.3% 4.98 1.1% 87.86 1.8% 173.09 0.3% 456.78 4.1% 

Total 359.14 100.0% 454.28 100.0% 4,927.53 100.0% 56,435.14 100.0% 11,119.50 100.0% 

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emis

Chester Running Exhaust 215.10 70.0% 225.05 57.8% 865.18 22.4% 20,621.59 45.7% 7,261.88 78.1% 

Start Exhaust 31.89 10.4% 34.53 8.9% 1,889.99 49.0% 24,358.00 54.0% 1,640.27 17.6% 

Brakewear 16.52 5.4% 63.12 16.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 6.86 2.2% 28.61 7.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 234.39 6.1% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 554.87 14.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 199.76 5.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 31.21 10.2% 32.20 8.3% 12.40 0.3% 5.35 0.0% 1.77 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.60 0.2% 0.63 0.2% 24.99 0.6% 3.24 0.0% 0.06 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.80 0.3% 0.82 0.2% 1.33 0.0% 0.34 0.0% 0.15 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 4.13 1.3% 4.26 1.1% 75.10 1.9% 147.94 0.3% 390.34 4.2% 

Total 307.11 100.0% 389.21 100.0% 3,858.01 100.0% 45,136.47 100.0% 9,294.47 100.0% 

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emis

Delaware Running Exhaust 171.58 67.5% 179.81 54.7% 748.43 19.7% 18,046.68 41.8% 5,826.31 74.5% 

Start Exhaust 32.97 13.0% 35.71 10.9% 1,959.99 51.7% 25,043.46 58.0% 1,696.86 21.7% 

Brakewear 15.58 6.1% 59.51 18.1% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 5.88 2.3% 24.53 7.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 243.23 6.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 544.25 14.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 200.70 5.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 23.88 9.4% 24.64 7.5% 10.60 0.3% 4.40 0.0% 1.33 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.60 0.2% 0.64 0.2% 25.91 0.7% 3.24 0.0% 0.06 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.61 0.2% 0.63 0.2% 1.01 0.0% 0.26 0.0% 0.12 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 3.15 1.2% 3.24 1.0% 57.20 1.5% 112.68 0.3% 297.84 3.8% 

Total 254.25 100.0% 328.70 100.0% 3,791.33 100.0% 43,210.72 100.0% 7,822.52 100.0% 

County ProcessCounty ProcessCounty Process

Appendix A-2 
PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emis

Montgomery Running Exhaust 329.95 69.3% 345.73 56.8% 1,392.85 21.8% 34,051.63 45.3% 11,240.68 77.1% 

Start Exhaust 53.63 11.3% 58.08 9.5% 3,183.25 49.7% 40,868.50 54.4% 2,759.37 18.9% 

Brakewear 27.04 5.7% 103.28 17.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 11.00 2.3% 45.86 7.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 394.99 6.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 925.19 14.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 334.41 5.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 46.05 9.7% 47.51 7.8% 19.79 0.3% 8.39 0.0% 2.62 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.99 0.2% 1.05 0.2% 42.09 0.7% 5.36 0.0% 0.10 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 1.16 0.2% 1.20 0.2% 1.94 0.0% 0.50 0.0% 0.22 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 6.01 1.3% 6.19 1.0% 109.23 1.7% 215.18 0.3% 568.29 3.9% 

Total 475.83 100.0% 608.90 100.0% 6,403.73 100.0% 75,149.56 100.0% 14,571.29 100.0% 

PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX 

Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emis

Philadelphia Running Exhaust 342.36 67.0% 357.91 52.2% 1,510.65 22.1% 32,398.74 43.2% 10,851.26 75.3% 

Start Exhaust 55.75 10.9% 60.38 8.8% 3,312.33 48.4% 42,318.82 56.4% 2,868.69 19.9% 

Brakewear 42.12 8.2% 160.89 23.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Tirewear 10.64 2.1% 44.37 6.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 411.65 6.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1,046.27 15.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 364.73 5.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Crankcase Running Exhaust 50.64 9.9% 52.24 7.6% 21.64 0.3% 8.72 0.0% 2.68 0.0% 

Crankcase Start Exhaust 1.03 0.2% 1.08 0.2% 43.78 0.6% 5.50 0.0% 0.10 0.0% 

Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 1.40 0.3% 1.45 0.2% 2.34 0.0% 0.60 0.0% 0.27 0.0% 

Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 

Extended Idle Exhaust 7.26 1.4% 7.48 1.1% 131.99 1.9% 260.02 0.3% 687.53 4.8% 

Total 511.20 100.0% 685.80 100.0% 6,845.37 100.0% 74,992.41 100.0% 14,410.52 100.0% 

County ProcessCounty Process

Appendix A-2 
APPENDIX A-3 

Philadelphia Area MOVES Sample Input Files 
Appendix A-3 

MOVES Run Specification File Settings 

Sample xml file format <moves> <importer mode="county" > <filters> <geographicselections> 

(Specify County to be run)

 <geographicselection type="COUNTY" key="42017" description="PENNSYLVANIA - Bucks County"/> 

</geographicselections> <timespan> 

<year key="2002"/> <month id="00"/> <day id="2"/> <day id="5"/> <beginhour id="1"/> <endhour id="24"/> <aggregateBy key="Hour"/> 

</timespan> <onroadvehicleselections> 

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/> 

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> 

</onroadvehicleselections> <offroadvehicleselections> </offroadvehicleselections> <offroadvehiclesccs> </offroadvehiclesccs> <roadtypes> 

<roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off-Network"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="2" roadtypename="Rural Restricted Access"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="3" roadtypename="Rural Unrestricted Access"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="4" roadtypename="Urban Restricted Access"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/> 

</roadtypes> </filters> <databaseselection servername="localhost" databasename="42017_2002_00_25_Avgann_mi"/> <agedistribution> 
Appendix A-3 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <sourceTypeAgeDistribution> 

(Specify Age Distribution data file name for county being run)

<filename>42091_2002_SourceTypeAgeDistribution.csv</filename> 

</sourceTypeAgeDistribution> </parts> 

</agedistribution> <avgspeeddistribution> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <avgSpeedDistribution> 

(Specify Average Speed Distribution data file name for county being run – As prepared by PPSUITE post processor) 

<filename>avgSpeedDistribution.csv</filename> 

</avgSpeedDistribution> </parts> 

</avgspeeddistribution> <imcoverage> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <imcoverage> 

(Specify I/M Parameters file name for county being run)

<filename>42000_2002_IMCoverage.csv</filename> 

</imcoverage> </parts> </imcoverage> 

<fuel> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <FuelSupply> 

(Specify Fuel Supply data file name for county being run)

<filename>42000_2002_FuelSupply.csv</filename> 

</FuelSupply> <FuelFormulation> 

(Specify Fuel Formulation data file name for county being run)

<filename>42000_FuelFormulation_MOVES2010a.csv</filename> 

</FuelFormulation> </parts> 

</fuel> <zonemonthhour> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <zoneMonthHour> 

(Specify Meteorology data file name for county being run)

<filename>42017_2008_met.csv</filename> 

</zoneMonthHour> </parts> 

</zonemonthhour> <roadtypedistribution> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <roadTypeDistribution> 

(Specify Road Type Distribution data file name for county being run – As prepared by PPSUITE post processor) 

<filename>roadTypeDistribution.csv</filename> </roadTypeDistribution> </parts> 

</roadtypedistribution> <sourcetypepopulation> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <sourceTypeYear> 

<filename>SourceTypePopulation.csv</filename> (Specify Vehicle Population data file name for county being run)

</sourceTypeYear> </parts> 

</sourcetypepopulation> 
Appendix A-3 

<rampfraction> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> <roadType> 

(Specify Ramp Fractions data file name for county being run – As prepared by PPSUITE post processor) <filename>rampfraction_defaults.csv</filename> 

</roadType> </parts> 

</rampfraction> <vehicletypevmt> 

<description><![CDATA[]]></description> <parts> 

(Specify Annual VMT and VMT Fractions file names for county being run – As prepared by PPSUITE post processor) 

<hpmsVTypeYear> 

<filename>hpmsVTypeYear.csv</filename> 

</hpmsVTypeYear> <monthvmtfraction> 

<filename>42017_2002_MonthVMTFraction.csv</filename> 

</monthvmtfraction> <dayvmtfraction> 

<filename>dayvmtfraction_avgday.csv</filename> 

</dayvmtfraction> <hourvmtfraction> 

<filename>hourvmtfraction.csv</filename> 

</hourvmtfraction> </parts> 

</vehicletypevmt> </importer> </moves> 

Sample mrs file format <runspec> 

<description><![CDATA[MOVES2010 RunSpec Created by CENTRAL4 Scenario: BUCK 2002 ANNAVG Avgann Emission Inventory with user's data]

<modelscale value="INV"/> <modeldomain value="SINGLE"/> <geographicselections> 

(Specify County to be run)<geographicselection type="COUNTY" key="42017" description="PENNSYLVANIA - Bucks County"/> 

</geographicselections> <timespan> 

<year key="2002"/> <month id="1"/> <month id="2"/> <month id="3"/> <month id="4"/> <month id="5"/> <month id="6"/> <month id="7"/> <month id="8"/> <month id="9"/> <month id="10"/> <month id="11"/> <month id="12"/> <day id="2"/> <day id="5"/> <beginhour id="1"/> <endhour id="24"/> <aggregateBy key="Hour"/> 

</timespan> <onroadvehicleselections> 

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/> 

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Tru
Appendix A-3 

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commerc<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit S<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit L<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination S<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination L<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/> 

</onroadvehicleselections> <offroadvehicleselections> </offroadvehicleselections> <offroadvehiclesccs> </offroadvehiclesccs> <roadtypes> 

<roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off-Network"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="2" roadtypename="Rural Restricted Access"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="3" roadtypename="Rural Unrestricted Access"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="4" roadtypename="Urban Restricted Access"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/> 

</roadtypes> <pollutantprocessassociations> 

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/> 

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Ex<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exha<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Ex<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exha<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended I<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaus<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaus<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="11" processname="Evap Permeati<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="12" processname="Evap Fuel Vap<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="13" processname="Evap Fuel Lea<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Run<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Sta
Appendix A-3 

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Ext<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhau<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="11" processname="Evap Permeat<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="12" processname="Evap Fuel Va<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="13" processname="Evap Fuel Le<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Ru<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase St<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Ex<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idl<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="1" processname="Running Exha<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaus<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="11" processname="Evap Permea<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="12" processname="Evap Fuel V<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="13" processname="Evap Fuel L<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase R<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase S<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase E

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="90" processname="Extended Id<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="1" processname="Running <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="2" processname="Start Ex<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="15" processname="Crankca<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="16" processname="Crankca<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="17" processname="Crankca

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="90" processname="Extende<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="116" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Brakewear Particulate" processkey="9" processname="<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Runni<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Cran

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Cran<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Cran

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Exte<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Running <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start E<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Crankc<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Crankc<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Crankc

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Extend<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="1" processname="Ru<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="2" processname="St<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="15" processname="C

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="16" processname="C

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="17" processname="C

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="90" processname="E

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="117" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Tirewear Particulate" processkey="10" processname="<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaus<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="1" processname="Running <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="2" processname="Start Ex<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="15" processname="Crankca<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="16" processname="Crankca<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="17" processname="Crankca

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="90" processname="Extende<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="106" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Brakewear Particulate" processkey="9" processname="B<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Runnin<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Crank

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Crank<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Crank

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Exten<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Running <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start Ex<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Crankca<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Crankca<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Crankca

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Extende
Appendix A-3 

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="1" processname="Run<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="2" processname="Sta<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="15" processname="Cr

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="16" processname="Cr

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="17" processname="Cr

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="90" processname="Ex<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="107" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Tirewear Particulate" processkey="10" processname="T<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="116" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Brakewear Particulate" processkey="9" processname="<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="117" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Tirewear Particulate" processkey="10" processname="<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaus<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start E<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extende<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exh<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaus<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaus<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/> 

</pollutantprocessassociations> <databaseselections> 

<databaseselection servername="localhost" databasename="early_NLEV" description=""/> <databaseselection servername="localhost" databasename="calevii08" description=""/> 

</databaseselections> 

<inputdatabase servername="" databasename="" description=""/> <uncertaintyparameters uncertaintymodeenabled="false" numberofrunspersimulation="0" numberofsimulations="0"/> 

<geographicoutputdetail description="COUNTY"/> <outputemissionsbreakdownselection> <modelyear selected="false"/> <fueltype selected="false"/> <emissionprocess selected="true"/> <onroadoffroad selected="true"/> <roadtype selected="true"/> <sourceusetype selected="true"/> <movesvehicletype selected="false"/> <onroadscc selected="false"/> 

<offroadscc selected="false"/> <estimateuncertainty selected="false" numberOfIterations="2" keepSampledData="false" keepIterations="false"/> <sector selected="false"/> <engtechid selected="false"/> <hpclass selected="false"/> </outputemissionsbreakdownselection> (Specify output database file name for county being run)

<outputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="42017_2002_00_25_Avgann_mo" description=""/>> 

<outputtimestep value="Month"/> 

<outputvmtdata value="true"/> <outputsho value="true"/> <outputsh value="true"/> <outputshp value="true"/> <outputshidling value="true"/> <outputstarts value="true"/> <outputpopulation value="true"/> (Specify input database file name for county being run)

<scaleinputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="42017_2002_00_25_Avgann_mi" description=""/> <pmsize value="0"/> <outputfactors> 

<timefactors selected="true" units="Hours"/> <distancefactors selected="false" units="Miles"/> <massfactors selected="false" units="Grams" energyunits="Million BTU"/> 

</outputfactors> 
Appendix A-3 

<savedata> </savedata> <donotexecute> </donotexecute> <generatordatabase shouldsave="false" servername="" databasename="" description=""/> <donotperformfinalaggregation selected="false"/> 

<lookuptableflags scenarioid="" truncateoutput="false" truncateactivity="false"/> <internalcontrolstrategies> <internalcontrolstrategy classname="gov.epa.otaq.moves.master.implementation.ghg.internalcontrolstrategies.rateofprogress.RateOfProgressStra

useParameters No ]]></internalcontrolstrategy> </internalcontrolstrategies> </runspec>