Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 1 of 15

Data Requirement: PMRA Data Code: 9.8.4 (TGAI) or 9.8.6 (EP) 

EPA DP Barcode: 423458 

OECD Data Point: IIA 8.12 (TGAI) and IIIA 10.8.1.1 (EP) 

EPA Guideline: 850.4100 

Test material: Temik 15G Purity: 14.81% 

Common name: Aldicarb 

Chemical name: IUPAC: Not reported. 

CAS name Not reported. 

CAS No.: 116-06-3 

Synonyms: Not reported. 

Primary Reviewer: Elizabeth Krupka Signature: 

Staff Scientist, CDM Smith Date: 06//22/15

Secondary Reviewer: Teri Myers Signature: 

Senior Scientist, CDM Smith Date: 07/02/15 

Primary Reviewer: N.E. Federoff Signature:

Wildlife Biologist, USEPA/OPP/EFEDERB2 Date: 07/08/15 

EPA PC Code 098301

CITATION: Martin, J.A. Temik 15G - Seedling Emergence Test. Unpublished study performed by Smithers 

Viscient, Wareham, MA. Report Number/Study Number: 14070.6101. Study sponsored by AgLogic, LLC. Study 

completed September 15, 2014. 

DISCLAIMER: This document provides guidance for EPA and PMRA reviewers on how to complete a data 

evaluation record after reviewing a scientific study concerning the acute toxicity of a pesticide to terrestrial vascular 

plants. It is not intended to prescribe conditions to any external party for conducting this study nor to establish 

absolute criteria regarding the assessment of whether the study is scientifically sound and whether the study satisfies 

any applicable data requirements. Reviewers are expected to review and to determine for each study, on a case-bycase basis, whether it is scientifically sound and provides sufficient information to satisfy applicable data 

requirements. Studies that fail to meet any of the conditions may be accepted, if appropriate; similarly, studies that 

meet all of the conditions may be rejected, if appropriate. In sum, the reviewer is to take into account the totality of 

factors related to the test methodology and results in determining the acceptability of the study. 
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 2 of 15

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The effect of Aldicarb (TEMIK 15G) on the seedling emergence of one monocot crop (perennial ryegrass, Lolium 

perenne) and one dicot crop (tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum) was studied at nominal concentrations of 0 

(negative control) 2.1, 4.1, 8.3, 17 and 33 lb ai/A. Aldicarb was applied as a granular formulation. 

The growth medium used in the seedling emergence test was a mixture of 70% sand and 30% loam (pH and % 

organic carbon were not reported; % organic matter 1.9%). On day 14 the surviving plants per pot were recorded 

and cut at soil level for measuring the plant height and dry weight. 

Emergence in the negative control ranged from 75-100% for perennial ryegrass and from 50-100% for tomato. 

There were no statistically adverse differences in the treated group compared to the negative control for any species. 

The reviewer determined survival based on the number planted. Based on the reviewer’s results, survival in the 

negative control group was 87.5% for perennial ryegrass and 92.5% for tomato. Survival in the treatment groups 

ranged from 70-95% for perennial ryegrass and from 82.5 – 95% for tomato. 

No significant effects on height or weight were observed for either species studied.

The most sensitive monocot and dicot species could not be determined due to a lack of toxicity and because only 

one monocot and one dicot species was studied. The study resulted in a NOAEC value of 33 lb ai/A for both 

perennial ryegrass and tomato. An EC/IC25 could not be determined for either species. 

There were no phytotoxic effects in this study for any species in the treatment groups compared to the negative 

control. 

Maximum Labeled Rate: 33 lb a.i./A 

Results Synopsis

Most sensitive monocot: Could not be determined

EC50/IC50: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC25/IC25: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC05/IC05: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

Slope: NC 95% C.I.: N/A

NOAEC: 33 lb a.i./A 

Most sensitive dicot: Could not be determined

EC50/IC50: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC25/IC25: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC05/IC05: 33 lb a.i./A (tomato biomass) 95% C.I.: 8.73-74.1 lb a.i./A

Slope: NC 95% C.I.: N/A

NOAEC: 33 lb a.i./A

This study is scientifically sound and is classified as acceptable.
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 3 of 15

Table 1 (Tier II studies). Summary of most sensitive parameters by species (lb ai/A).

Species Endpoint NOAEC EC05 EC25 EC50

Perennial Ryegrass None 33 NC NC NC

Tomato None 33 NC NC NC

I. MATERIALS AND METHODS

GUIDELINE FOLLOWED: This study was conducted in compliance with OPPTS 850.4100: Terrestrial 

Plant Toxicity, Tier I (Seedling Emergence), April 1996; OPPTS 850.4225: 

Seedling Emergence, Tier II, April 1996; and OECD #208, Part 1:

Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test, July 

2006. The reviewer evaluated the study methods according to OCSPP 

Guideline 850.4100, January 2012. There were some deviations noted by 

the reviewer.

1. The physico-chemical properties of the test material were not reported. 

2. The spray volume was not reported. 

3. The limit of quantitation was not reported. 

4. The study author did not report the soil pH, cation exchange capacity, or soil moisture content.

COMPLIANCE: Signed and dated GLP, Quality Assurance and Data Confidentiality 

statements were provided. This study was conducted in compliance with 

Principles of Good Laboratory Practice as published by the OECD [1998; 

ENV/MC/CHEM(98)17] and EPA [1989; FR 48(230)] with the exception 

that routine soil and water screening analyses were conducted at GeoLabs, 

Inc., Braintree, Massachusetts using standard U.S. EPA procedures and are 

considered facility records under Smithers Viscient's Standard Operating 

Procedures.

A. MATERIALS:

1. Test Material Temik 15G

Description: Granular

Lot No./Batch No.: NWTEAXV179

Purity: 14.81%

Stability of compound 

under test conditions: Analytical determinations based on measured concentration of the test 

material in the spray solution yielded a recovery of 97 to 130% of nominal 

(n = 5). The method validation study was performed prior to the start of the 

definitive test and determined an average recovery of ca. 85% from soil. 
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

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(OECD recommends chemical stability in water and light)

Storage conditions of 

test chemicals: The test material was stored at room temperature in its original container in 

a dark, ventilated cabinet.

Table 2. Physical/chemical properties of Aldicarb.

Parameter Values Comments

Water solubility at 20 ̊C Not reported

Vapor pressure Not reported

UV absorption Not reported

pKa Not reported

Kow Not reported

2. Test organism:

Monocotyledonous species: Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne, Poaceae, Linn). EPA recommends four 

monocots in two families, including corn and a root crop, such as onion.

Dicotyledonous species: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanaceae, Celebrity Hybrid); EPA 

recommends six dicots in four families, including soybean.

Seed source: Perennial ryegrass obtained from Granite Seed, Lehi, Utah. Tomato obtained from Burpee, 

W. Atlee Burpee and Company, Warminster, Pennsylvania. 

Historical % germination of seed: Perennial ryegrass, 95%; tomato, N/A.

Seed storage, if any: Seeds were stored refrigerated in the dark until use.

B. STUDY DESIGN:

1. Experimental Conditions 

a. Limit test: None.

b. Range-finding study: None.

c. Definitive Study

Table 3: Experimental Parameters - Seedling Emergence.
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 5 of 15

Parameters Seedling Emergence

Details Remarks

Criteria

Duration of the test 14

Recommended test duration is 14-21 days.

OECD recommends that the test be terminated no 

sooner than 14 days after 50 percent of the control 

seedlings have emerged

Number of 

seeds/plants/species/ replicate

Five replicates (pots) were 

maintained for perennial ryegrass 

with 8 seeds per replicate and ten 

replicates (pots) with 4 seeds per 

replicate were maintained for 

tomato.

Ten seeds per replicate should be used.

OECD recommends a minimum of five seeds 

planted in each replicate within 24 hours of 

incorporation of the test substance. All seeds of 

each species for each test should be of the same 

size class. The seed should not be imbibed.

Number of replicates

Control:

Adjuvant control:

Treated:

Control:

Adjuvant control:

Treated:

Perennial ryegrass:

5

N/A

5

Tomato:

10

N/A

10

Four replicates per dose should be used.

OECD recommends a minimum of four replicates 

per treatment
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

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Parameters Seedling Emergence

Details Remarks

Criteria

Test concentrations (lb ai/A)

Nominal:

Measured: 

0 (negative control), 2.1, 4.1, 8.3, 

17 and 33 lb ai/A

Not provided

Five test concentrations should be used with a dose 

range of 2X or 3X progression

OECD recommends three concentrations, 

preferably with application rates equivalent to 0.0 

(control), 1.0, 10.0 and 100 mg substance per kg of 

oven-dried soil.

Method and interval of 

analytical verification

LOQ:

LOD:

Three quality control samples 

were prepared at nominal 

concentrations of 0.200, 2.00 and 

7.00 mg a.i./L in dimethyl 

sulfoxide (DMSO). All samples 

were analyzed for aldicarb suing 

liquid chromatography with mass 

spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).

Method validation was conducted 

using a solid/liquid extraction 

procedure.

Not reported

Not reported

Adjuvant (type, percentage, if 

used)

N/A

Test container (pot)

Size/Volume

Material: (glass/polystyrene)

12-cm tall with a top diameter of 

14 cm and a bottom diameter of 

12 cm.

Polypropylene

Non-porous containers should be used.

OECD recommends that non-porous plastic or 

glazed pot be used.

Growth facility Greenhouse covered with 

Lexan® (polycarbonate) panels

Method/depth of seeding Seeds were planted in pots 

labeled to identify the test 

species, treatment level, replicate, 

and study number. Seeds were 
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 7 of 15

Parameters Seedling Emergence

Details Remarks

Criteria

impartially selected and planted

in a circular pattern within each

to a depth of ca. 1-2 cm below 

the surface of the soil. 

Test material application

Application time including 

the plant growth stage

Number of applications

Application interval

Method of application

The test material was applied 

after planting.

1

N/A- single application

The test material was applied 

directly to soil. The treated 

support medium was mixed using 

a Hobart mixer and then 1.2 kg 

dry weight of the treated support 

medium was added to each 

replicate. 

Details of soil used

Geographic location

Depth of soil collection

Soil texture

% sand

% silt

% clay

pH:

% organic carbon

CEC

Moisture at 1/3 atm (%)

Sunny Nook Farm, Rochester, 

MA

Not reported.

Sandy loam

95

2

3

Not reported

1.9

Not reported

Not reported

Soil mixes containing sandy loam, loam, or clay 

loam soil with no greater than 2% organic matter 

are preferable. Glass beads, rock wool, and 100% 

acid washed sand are not preferred.

OECD prefers the soil to be sieved (0.5 cm) to 

remove coarse fragments. Carbon content should 

not exceed 1.5% (3% organic matter). Fine 

particles (under 20um) makeup should be between 

10 and 20%. The recommended pH is between 5.0 

and 7.5.

Details of nutrient medium, if 

used

100 mL of 400 mg/L Peters 20-

20-20 solution

Watering regime and 

schedules

Water source/type: Deionized water containing the 
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 8 of 15

Parameters Seedling Emergence

Details Remarks

Criteria

Volume applied:

Interval of application:

Method of application:

Peters 20-20-20 nutrient solution; 

all other watering conducted 

using well water.

Not reported. 

Nutrient containing water applied 

twice weekly; frequency of well 

water not stated.

The plants were sub-irrigated.

EPA prefers that bottom watering be utilized for 

seedling emergence studies so that the chemical is 

not leached out of the soil during the test.

Any pest control 

method/fertilization, if used

Seeds had not been pretreated 

with fungicides or insecticides.

Test conditions

Temperature:

Photoperiod:

Light intensity and quality:

Relative humidity:

16-39°C (day); 15-26°C (night)

16L:8D

81-630 PAR, μmol/m2/sec

20-97%

EPA prefers that the cold vs warm loving plants be 

tested in two separate groups to optimize plant 

growth.

OECD prefers that the temperature, humidity and 

light conditions be suitable for maintaining normal 

growth of each species for the test period.

Reference chemical (if used)

Name:

Concentrations: 

Aldicarb

Not reported.

Other parameters, if any None
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 9 of 15

2. Observations: 

Table 4: Observation Parameters - Seedling Emergence.

Parameters Seedling Emergence

Details Remarks

Parameters measured (e.g., number 

of germinated seeds, emerged 

seedlings, plant height, dry weight 

or other endpoints)

- Emergence

- Survival

- Height

- Individual dry weight

- Phytotoxicity

Measurement technique for each 

parameter 

Emergence and 

phytotoxicity were 

visually determined. 

Survival was defined as 

the percent of emerged

plants by the study author. 

Shoot length was

determined by measuring 

the length of the longest 

leaf for monocots and by 

measuring to the tallest 

new growth for dicots. 

Average replicate dry 

weight was determined by 

cutting shoots at the soil 

surface and placing them 

in an individually labelled 

container for drying in an 

oven at ca 70 oC for at 

least three days before 

weighing. 

Observation intervals Each pot was observed on 

days 0. 7, and 14 for 

emergence and 

phytotoxicity. Shoot 

length and dry weight was

recorded at study 

termination.

Other observations, if any N/A

Were raw data included Yes

Phytotoxicity rating system, if used 0 – indicates no injury or 

abnormality; 100-

complete effect (dead 

plant).
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 10 of 15

II. RESULTS and DISCUSSION:

A. INHIBITORY EFFECTS:

1. Seedling Emergence: 

Emergence in the negative control ranged from 75-100% for perennial ryegrass and from 50-100% for 

tomato. There were no statistically adverse differences in the treated group compared to the negative 

control for any species. The reviewer obtained the same results.

The study author calculated survival based on number of emerged. Because no plants died after emerging, 

survival in both the negative control and the treatment groups was 100%. The reviewer determined survival 

based on the number planted. Based on the reviewer’s results, survival in the negative control group was 

87.5% for perennial ryegrass and from 92.5% for tomato. Survival in the treatment groups ranged was 70-

95% for perennial ryegrass and 82.5 – 95% for tomato. 

Neither the reviewer nor the study author observed any significant effects on height or weight for either 

species studied.

The most sensitive monocot and dicot species could not be determined due to a lack of toxicity and because 

only one monocot and one dicot species was studied. The study resulted in a NOAEC value of 33 lb ai/A 

and EC25 value of > 33 lb a.i./A for both perennial ryegrass and tomato. 

There were no phytotoxic effects in this study for any species in the treatment groups compared to the 

negative control. 

B. REPORTED STATISTICS: 

Fisher's Exact Test with Bonferroni-Holm's Adjustment (U.S. EPA, 2002) was used to establish treatment

effects for percent emergence and percent survival data. Shoot length and shoot dry weight data were first 

checked for normality using Shapiro-Wilks' Test (U.S. EPA, 2002) and for homogeneity of variance using 

Bartlett's Test (U.S. EPA, 2002).Statistical analysis to determine the NOAEC for each endpoint was carried out 

using Dunnett’s Test for those data sets passing tests for homogeneity and normality. For those data sets that 

were not homogenous and/or normal, the Steel Many-One Rank Sum test was used to determine the NOAEC. 

All analyses were conducted at a 95% level of confidence, except for Shapiro-Wilks' and Bartlett's Tests, where 

the 99% level of certainty was applied. Statistical analysis was carried out using CETISTM (Ives, 2013).

Table 5: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence

Species Results summary for height (lbs ai/A)

height (cm) NOAEC IC05 95%CI IC25 95%CI IC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Ryegrass 14.7-16.4 33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A

Tomato 7.07-9.44 33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

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ND- Not determined. N/A- Not applicable.

Table 5a: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence

Species Results summary for biomass (lbs ai/A)

weight (mg) NOAEC IC05 95%CI IC25 95%CI IC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Ryegrass 0.00934-0.0126 33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A

Tomato 0.0446-0.0762 33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A

ND- Not determined. N/A- Not applicable.

Table 5b: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence

Species Results summary for emergence (lbs ai/A)

% NOAEC EC05 95%CI EC25 95%CI EC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Ryegrass 70-95 33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A

Tomato 82.5-

92.5

33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A

ND- Not determined. N/A- Not applicable.

Table 5c: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence

Species Results summary for survival (lbs ai/A); based on # emerged

% NOAEC EC05 95%CI EC25 95%CI EC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Ryegrass 70-95 33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A

Tomato 82.5-95 33 ND N/A >33 N/A ND N/A N/A N/A

ND- Not determined. N/A-Not applicable.

Mid-study emergence

Control Tomato Ryegrass Formulation 

Blank

NR NR NR

NR- Not reported
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

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Plant Injury Index*

Control Tomato Ryegrass Formulation 

Blank

0 0 0 NA

*0- No effect; 100 = complete effect, death of entire plant. 

C. VERIFICATION OF STATISTICAL RESULTS BY THE REVIEWER:

The reviewer analyzed all endpoints by comparing the negative control with the treatment group using the equal 

variance one-sided t-Test; if data were non-parametric, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used. These analyses 

were conducted using CETIS version 1.8.7.12 and backend settings approved for use by EFED on 3/25/14. The 

measured test concentrations were used in the analysis.

Table 6: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence

Species Results summary for height (lbs ai/A)

height (cm) NOAEC IC05 95%CI IC25 95%CI IC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Ryegrass 14.7-16.4 33 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

Tomato 7.07-9.44 33 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

NC- Not calculable. N/A- Not applicable.

Table 6a: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence

Species Results summary for biomass (lbs ai/A)

weight (mg) NOAEC IC05 95%CI IC25 95%CI IC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Ryegrass 0.00934-

0.0126

33 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

Tomato 0.0446-0.0762 33 33 8.73-74.1 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

NC- Not calculable. N/A- Not applicable.

Table 6b: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 13 of 15

Species Results summary for emergence (lbs ai/A)

% NOAEC EC05 95%CI EC25 95%CI EC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Ryegrass 70-95 33 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

Tomato 82.5-

92.5

33 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

NC- Not calculable. N/A- Not applicable.

Table 6c: Effect of Aldicarb on 14-Day Seedling Emergence

Species Results summary for survival (lbs ai/A); based on # planted

% NOAEC EC05 95%CI EC25 95%CI EC50 95%CI slope 95%CI

Tomato 82.5-95 33 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

Ryegrass 70-95 33 NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A NC N/A

NC- Not calculable. N/A- Not applicable.

Mid-study emergence

Control Tomato Ryegrass Formulation 

Blank

NR NR NR

NR- Not reported

Plant Injury Index*

Control Tomato Ryegrass Formulation 

Blank

0 0 0 NA

*0- No effect; 100 = complete effect, death of entire plant. 

Most sensitive monocot: Could not be determined

EC50/IC50: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC25/IC25: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC05/IC05: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

Slope: NC 95% C.I.: N/A

NOAEC: 33 lb a.i./A 
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

PMRA Submission Number {..............} EPA MRID Number 49477401 

Page 14 of 15

Most sensitive dicot: Could not be determined

EC50/IC50: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC25/IC25: Could not be determined 95% C.I.: N/A

EC05/IC05: 33 lb a.i./A (tomato biomass) 95% C.I.: 8.73-74.1 lb a.i./A

Slope: NC 95% C.I.: N/A

NOAEC: 33 lb a.i./A

D. STUDY DEFICIENCIES: 

There were no deficiencies that impacted the study.

E. REVIEWER’S COMMENTS: 

The results of the reviewer and study author were in agreement. The study only included one monocot 

species and one dicot species; a lack of toxicity was observed for both species. The study resulted in a 

NOAEC value of 33 lb ai/A for both perennial ryegrass and tomato. An EC/IC25 could not be determined 

for either species. 

The in-life portion of the test with was conducted from June 26 to July 23, 2014. 

F. CONCLUSIONS: 

This study is scientifically sound and is classified as acceptable. The most sensitive monocot and dicot 

species could not be determined due to a lack of toxicity and because only one monocot and one dicot 

species was studied. The study resulted in a NOAEC value of 33 lb ai/A for both perennial ryegrass and 

tomato. An EC/IC25 could not be determined for either species. 

Most sensitive monocot and EC/IC25: Could not be determined

Most sensitive dicot and EC/IC25: Could not be determined

III. REFERENCES: 

DeVellis, Stephen, 2014. Temik 15G (Alidcarb) - Validation of the Analytical Method for the Determination of a 

Test Substance in Soil. Smithers Viscient, Wareham, Massachusetts, Study No. 14070.6100

Ives, M., 2013. CETIS, Comprehensive Environmental Toxicity Information SystemTM. User's Guide. Tidepool 

Scientific Software, McKinleyville, California.

Norberg-King, T. J., 1993. A Linear Interpolation Method for Sublethal Toxicity: The Inhibition Concentration 

(ICp) Approach. National Effluent Toxicity Assessment Center, Environmental Research Laboratory -

Duluth, U.S. Environmental protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota. Technical report 03-93.

OECD, 1998. OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring. Number 1. 

OECD Principles on Good Laboratory Practice (as revised in 1997). Environment Directorate Chemicals 

Group and Management Committee. ENV/MC/CHEM(98)17. OECD Paris. France. 41 pp.

OECD, 2006. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Terrestrial Plant Test: 208: Seedling Emergence and 

Seedling Growth Test.
Data Evaluation Record on the Acute Toxicity of Aldicarb to Terrestrial Vascular Plants: 

Seedling Emergence

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U.S. EPA, 1989. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Good Laboratory Practice Standards; 

Final Rule (40 CFR, Part 160). Federal Register, 48 (230); 34052-

34074.

U.S. EPA, 2002. Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and receiving Waters to 

Freshwater Organisms. Fourth Edition. EPA-821-R-02-013. Office of Water (4303T), U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

U.S. EPA, 2012. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Ecological Effects Test Guideline, OCSPP 

850.4100. Terrestial Plant Toxicity, Tier 1 (Seedling emergence). 

EPA 712-C-012-153. April 2012. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.