### F I LE D U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E LEVE NTH CI RCUI T N ove m be r 16, 2005 T HOM AS K. KAHN C L E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 12097 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C. D o c k e tN o . 0 4 - 6 0 2 8 1 - CR- W PD U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s J E S S I C A T O D E R O , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe S outhe rn D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( N ove m b e r 16, 2005) B efo re B L A C K , C A RN E S an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: J e s s ic aT o d e r o ap p e a ls h e rs e n te n c e f o rc o n s p ir a c y to p o s s e s s w ith in te n t toI ce is de fined a s a mix ture that is at lea st 80% pure methamphetamine. SeeU.S.S.G. 1 § 2D1.1(c )(C). 2 d i s tr i b u t e 5 0 g r a ms o rmo r e o f me th a mp h e t a mi n e , i n v i o l a t i o n o f 2 1 U . S. C. § § 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) , ( b ) ( 1 ) ( B ) ( v iii) , a n d 8 4 6 . T o d e r o a s s e r ts th e d is tr ic t c o u r t e rr e d in s e nt e nc i ng he runde rthe s e nt e nc i ng gui de l i ne f or“ I c e , ” a nd notthe gui de l i ne f or 1 m e th a m p h e ta m in e b y c o n s id e r in g ju d ic ia lly - d e te rm in e d f a c ts a s to d ru g p u r ity , in vi ol at i on of her S i xth A m endm entri gh tt o a j ury tri al un der U ni ted Stat es v. B oo ke r , 125 S . C t . 738 ( 2005) . S he c ont e nds be c a us e the G ove rnm e ntdi d not a l l e ge the pur i ty of

the drug i n the i ndi c tm e nt , c ha r ge pur i ty a tthe ope n pl e a , or p r o v e p u r ity d u r in g th e s e n te n c in g h e a r in g , th e d is tr ic t c o u r t c o u ld n o t u s e p u r ity to i nc r e a s e the ba s e of

f e ns e l e ve l w i thoutvi ol a t i ng the S i xth A m e ndm e nt , a nd the di s tr i c tc our ts houl d ha ve s e nt e nc e d he rba s e d s i m pl y on the m e tha m phe t a m i ne i n c l u d e d i n th e i n d i c tm e n tt o wh i c h s h e p l e dg u i l ty . T o d e r o a l s o c o n t e n d s U. S . S . G. § 2 D 1. 1, com m ent . (n. 9) exem pt s m etham ph et am i ne fr om up w ar d sent ence de pa r tur e s ba s e d on pur i ty , a nd the di s tr i c tc our tha s vi ol a t e d tha tc om m e nt a ry by s e n te n c in g h e rf

o rI c e . T h e d is tr ic t c o u r t d id n o t e rr , a n d w e a f f irm . A di s tr i c tc our t ’ s i nt e rpr e t a t i on of the f e de r a l gui de l i ne s i s s ubj e c tt o de novo r e v ie w , w h ile its f

a c tu a l f in d in g s m u s t b e a c c e p te d u n le s s c le a r ly e rr o n e o u s . U ni te d State s v . J

or di , 4 1 8 F .3 d 1 2 1 2 , 1 2 1 4 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) ; se e a l so U ni ted S ta tes v. Cra w

f o rd , 4 0 7 F . 3 d 1 1 7 4 , 1 1 7 8 (1 1 th C i r. 2 0 0 5 ). T h e d i stri ctco u rtm u st3

c o rr e c tly c a lc u la te th e g u id e lin e r a n g e . Cra w f o rd , 40 7 F . 3d at11 78 –7 9. H ow ever , the ca l cul at i on i s onl y a dv i sory , and the court“ m ayi m po se a m ore s ever e or m ore le n ie n t s e n te n c e ,” w h ic h w e r e v ie w f o rr e a s o n ab le n e s s . I

d. at11 79 . F urther, w hen the c our tappl i e s the gui de l i ne r a nge i n a n a dvi s ory m a nne r , nothi ng i n B oo ke r proh i bi t s di stri ctcourt s f rom m aki ng , un der aprepon dera nce- of-the-e vi dence s ta n d a r d , a d d itio n a l f

a c tu a l f in d in g s th a t g o b e y o n d ad e f e n d a n t’s a d m is s io n . U ni te d State s v . Chau , ___ F . 3d ___, N o. 05- 10640, 2005 W L 2347210, a t*6 ( 11th C i r . S e pt . 27, 2005) . A ddi t i ona l l y , “ [ t ] he di s tr i c tc our t ’ s f a c tua l f i ndi ngs f or pu rposes of se nt enci ng m aybe base d o n, am on g o ther thi ng s, evi dence hear d dur i ng tr i a l , undi s put e d s t a t e m e nt s i n the P S I , ore vi de nc e pr e s e nt e d dur i ng the se nt enci ng hear i ng . ” U ni te d State s v . P olar , 36 9 F . 3d 12 48 , 12 55 (11th C i r. 20 04 ); se e a l so U ni te d State s v . She l ton , 400 F . 3d 1325, 1330 ( 11th C i r . 2005) ( hol di ng w he n ade f

e nda ntf a i l s t o obj e c tt o af

a c tc ont a i ne d i n the P S I ori n the gove rnm e nt p r o f f e ra t th e p le ac o llo q u y , th e d e f e n d a n t is d e e m e d to h a v e a d m itte d th e f a c t, w hi ch the courtthen m ayuse t o enh ance the se nt ence ). A s a n i ni t i a l m a tt e r , the di s tr i c tc our tc orr e c t l y c a l c ul a t e d the gui de l i ne r a n g e . T h e b a s e o f

f e n s e l e v e l f

o ra tl e a s t5 0 g r a m s o f

I c e i s 3 2 . U. S . S . G. § 2D 1. 1( c ) ( 4) . H ow e ve r , be c a us e the c our tgr a nt e d T ode r o am i nor - r ol e r e duc t i on unde r§ 3B 1. 2, § 2D 1. 1( a ) ( 3) c appe d the ba s e of f e ns e l e ve l a t30. A f

t e rgr a nt i ng a4

tw o-l evel sa fe ty- val ve re du ct i on pu rs uantt o § 2D 1. 1(b)(7), § 5 C 1. 2(a) , a three l evel ac ce pt ance -of- re spon si bi l i ty r educt i on pu rs uantt o § 3E 1. 1, and a tw o-l evel m in o r - r o le r e d u c tio n p u r s u a n t to § 3 B 1 .2 ( b ) , th e d is tr ic t c o u r t d id n o t e rrin c a l c ul a t i ng the a dj us t e d of f e ns e l e ve l a t23. M or e ove r , be c a us e T ode r o obj e c t e d onl y t o the pr oba t i on of f i c e r ’ s us e of

the pu ri ty l evel i n cal cul at i ng her bas e off ense l evel i n the P S I, and n ott o the fa ctual ac cura cyof the pu ri ty l evel , the m etham ph et am i ne’ s puri ty w as an un di sput ed fa ct a t s e n te n c in g . See She l ton , 4 0 0 F .3 d a t 1 3 3 0 ; P olar , 3 6 9 F .3 d a t 1 2 5 5 . A s w e h e ld i n Chau , th e S ix th A m e n d m e n t is n o t im p lic a te d w h e n th e ju d g e d e te rm in e s f a c ts to im p le m e n t as e n te n c e u n d e ra d v is o ry g u id e lin e s . Chau , 20 05 W L 23 47 21 0, at * 6 . I n th is c a s e , th e d is tr ic t c o u r t ap p lie d th e G u id e lin e s in a n a d v is o ry f a s h io n . F in a lly , T o d e r o d o e s n o t c h a lle n g e th e r e a s o n ab le n e s s o f h e rs e n te n c e . T ode r o’ s a r gum e ntthe di s tr i c tc our tvi ol a t e d § 2D 1. 1, c om m e nt . ( n. 9) by s e nt e nc i ng he rf

orI c e i s w i thoutm e r i t . " T r a f f i c ki ng i n c ontr ol l e d s ubs t a nc e s . . . of u n u s u a lly h ig h p u r ity m a y w a rr a n t a n u p w a r d d e p a r tu r e , e x c e p t in th e c a s e o f . . . m e tha m phe t a m i ne . . . f orw hi c h the gui de l i ne i t s e l f pr ovi de s f

orthe c ons i de r a t i on of pur i ty . . . . " U . S . S . G . § 2D 1. 1, c om m e nt . ( n. 9) . T he di s tr i c tc our tus e d the gui de l i ne , w hi c h ga ve aba s e of f e ns e l e ve l a c c or di ng t o the qua nt i ty a nd qua l i ty of m e th a m p h e ta m in e a t is s u e , a n d d id n o t d e p a r t a n y f u r th e ru p w a r d .5

T he di s tr i c tc our tdi d note rri n s e nt e nc i ng T ode r o unde rthe s e nt e nc i ng g u id e lin e f

o rI c e . T h u s , w e a f

f irm T o d e r o ’s s e n te n c e . A F F I R M E D .