Global Markets 

Analysis Report

A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF GINNIE MAE’S 

OFFICE OF CAPITAL MARKETS

PREPARED FOR GINNIE MAE 

BY STATE STREET GLOBAL ADVISORS 

URBAN INSTITUTE, HOUSING FINANCE POLICY CENTER
CONTENTS

Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

Barclays US Aggregate and Global Indices4

Global 10-yeartreasury yields 5

Ginnie Mae yields and yield spreads—USD, JPY, Euro 6-8

MBS yield per duration9

Total returnand Sharpe Ratios 10

State of the US housing Market 

Serious delinquencyrates 11

National HPI 11

HPI by state 12

Ginnie Mae Agencyissuance and Agencyoutstanding by state 13

Sizeand value of the US Residential housing and mortgage markets 14

Outstanding Agency MBS 15

Origination volume over time 16

US Agency Market, Originations

Annual Agency Gross Issuance 17

Annual Agency Net Issuance 18

Monthly Agency Issuance 19

Purchase versus refi: Percent Refi at Issuance 20

Credit Box 

First time home buyer share—purchase only loans 21

First time home buyer share— Ginnie Maepurchase only loans 22

FICO score distribution 23

Credit box at a glance (FICO, LTV, DTI) 24-26

Historical creditbox (FICO, LTV,DTI) 27-29

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originators

Nonbank originator share (All, Purchase, Refi) 30

Bank vs.nonbank originators credit box ata glance (FICO, LTV, DTI) 31-33

Bank vs.nonbank originators historical credit box (FICO) 34

Prepayments 

Aggregate 35

Select coupon/origination year cohorts 36-37

Other Ginnie Mae Programs

HMBS 38

Multifamily 39

Market Conditions-Agency MBS

Average dailytrading volume andturnover by sector 40

Dealer net positions, repo volume 41

MBS Ownership

Ownership breakdown of total agency debt 42

MBS share of total agency debt and commercial bank ownership of MBS 43

Bank and ThriftResidential MBS Holdings 44

Foreign ownership of MBS 45-46

Fed Ownership of MBS 47
HIGHLIGHTS

What is behind the decline in agency FICO scores? 

The top chart on page 27 shows that FICO scores for originations in recent months have dropped considerably. 

The mean FICO score for agency originations dropped from 742 in Dec 2016 to 726 in June 2017, a 16 point 

decline. The GSE average FICO has declined from 760 to 751, while Ginnie FICOs have registered a declined from 

687 to 680 over the same six month period. The bottom two charts on the same page clearly show that this 

decline was driven mainly by refinances. Refi FICOs on GSE and Ginnie loans dropped by 15 points 13 points 

respectively, while purchase FICOs registered very little to no reduction.

But the drop in refi FICOs doesn’t tell the whole story. In recent months, the percentage of agency MBS issued by 

Ginnie Mae – whose borrowers have lower credit scores than GSE borrowers – has increased, also helping push 

overall FICOs lower. Between Dec 2016 and June 2017, Ginnie Mae’s issuance market share increased from 29 

percent to 36 percent, mainly because the drop in refinance volumes has affected Ginnie Mae less than the GSEs, 

whose business is more refi dependent.

Per Urban Institute analysis, 79 percent of the total 16 point drop in FICOs between Dec 2016 and June 2017 can 

be attributed to the drop in refinance FICO scores alone. The remaining 21 percent can be attributed to Ginnie

Mae’s issuance market share gain vs. GSEs. This analysis is instructive because it shows that the drop in FICOs is 

driven by a real relaxation of refinance credit scores, and to a lesser extent, by to a shift in market share towards 

Ginnie Mae. It does not reflect the fact that it is easier for a first time homebuyer or a repeat homebuyer to obtain 

a purchase mortgage.

Highlights this month:

• GSE gross issuance in the first half of 2017 is only up 4.4% YOY, while Ginnie Mae is down 0.8% (Pages 17 and 

19)

• The first-time homebuyer share reached historical high levels for all agencies (Pages 21 and 22)

• Prepayment speeds slowed down slightly for all agencies in July 2017, due to a small uptick in rates (Pages 35-

37)

• FICO scores continued to drop while DTIs continued to rise for Ginnie Mae refinance loans in June 2017 (pages 

27 and 29)
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. 

Note: Data as of June 2017

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors

Note: Data as of June 2017

US MBS comprise 28 percent of the Barclays US Aggregate Index-- marginally less than either the US Treasury share 

(37%) or the US Credit share (31%). Fannie Mae 30-year MBS comprises the largest percent of US MBS (10%), while 

Ginnie Mae 30-year MBS and Freddie Mac 30-year MBS comprise 8 percent and 6 percent of the market, 

respectively. Mortgages with terms of 15- and 20- year comprise the balance (5%) of the US MBS share. US securities 

are the largest single contributor to the Barclays Global Aggregate, accounting for 39 percent of the global total. US 

MBS comprises 12 percent of the global aggregate.

37%

2%

31%

8%

10%

6%

5%

2%

Barclays US 

Aggregate Index

Treasury

Agency

Credit

GNMA MBS 30y

FNMA MBS 30y

FHLMC MBS 30y

15y and 20y MBS

ABS & CMBS

54%

6%

25%

12%

1%

Global Treasury 3%

Global Agency

Global Credit

US MBS

ABS & CMBS

Collateralised

(Pfandbrief)

4

2% 3%

1%

39%

31%

21%

1%

0.2%

2%

0%

Australia

Canada

Middle East

United States

Europe

Asia & Pacific Rim

Latin America

Africa

Supranational

Others

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2017

Barclays Global Aggregate Index by Country Barclays Global Aggregate Index by Sector
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jul-17

Yield (%)

Global 10-year Treasury Yields

US 10y UK 10y GER 10y ITA 10y JPY 10y

5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jul-17

10yr US Treasury hedged yield, JPY

10y US hedged yield, JPY (left)

US 10y hedged yield advantage vs 10y JGB (right)

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jul-17

10yr US Treasury hedged yield, EUR

10y US hedged yield, EUR (left)

10y US hedge yield advantage vs 10y Bund (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. 

Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors

Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of July 2017

Over the past few years, US Treasury interest rates, as measured by the 10-year note have consistently been the 

highest in the developed world. After a dip to the level of Italy’s 10-year bond yield in April and May, the US 10-

year Treasury note edged up to 2.3 percent in June, and stayed at 2.3 percent in July. Interest rates for Italy, 

Japan, Germany, and the UK stayed relatively consistent from last month, and are currently at 2.1, 0.08, 0.5, and 

1.2 percent respectively. If the Treasury notes are hedged into foreign currencies, the US yield advantage stood 

at 52 basis points (bps) versus the JGB, and -21 bps versus the 10-year Bund in July 2017 . This month showed a 

decrease of 7 bps versus the JGB and a decrease of 10 bps versus the Bund.
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17

G2SF CC yield & nominal spread, USD

6

G2SF CC yield, USD (left) G2SF CC yield nominal spread vs UST 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Jul-06 Jul-07 Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jul-11 Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jul-17

GNSF CC yield & nominal spread, USD

GNSF CC yield, USD (left) GNSF CC yield nominal spread vs UST 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of July 2017

Ginnie securities outyield their Treasury counterparts (as measured by the average of the 5- and 10-year 

Treasury yields) – 73 and 74 basis points on G2SF and GNSF, respectively.
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17

G2SF CC yield & nominal spread, JPY

7

G2SF CC yield, JPY (left) G2SF CC yield nominal spread vs JGB 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of July 2017

If Ginnie Mae securities are hedged into foreign currencies, they look attractive on a yield basis; handily 

outyielding the sovereign debt of other countries. This figure shows that G2SF and GNSF hedged into 

Japanese yen yield more than the JGB 5/10 blend by 109 and 110 basis points, respectively.

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Jul-06 Jul-07 Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jul-11 Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jul-17

GNSF CC yield & nominal spread, JPY

GNSF CC yield, JPY (left) GNSF CC yield nominal spread vs JGB 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17

G2SF CC yield & nominal spread, EUR

8

G2SF CC yield, EUR (left) G2SF CC yield nominal spread vs GER 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

Jul-06 Jul-07 Jul-08 Jul-09 Jul-10 Jul-11 Jul-12 Jul-13 Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16 Jul-17

GNSF CC yield & nominal spread, EUR

GNSF CC yield, EUR (left) GNSF CC yield nominal spread vs GER 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of July 2017

If Ginnie Mae securities are hedged into foreign currencies, they look attractive on a yield basis versus sovereign 

alternatives. This figure shows that G2SF and GNSF hedged with euros yield more than the average of the 

German 5/10 Bund blend by 65 and 66 basis points, respectively.
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Yields are in base currency ofsecurity and unhedged. 

Data as of July 2017.

As interest rates have risen, Ginnie Mae durations have extended by more than a year. Even so, US MBS yields 

are about the same or higher than most securities with the same or shorter durations. The only exception is the 

high yield index, where interest rate risk does not fully capture the volatility of the high yield asset class. 

Investors are unable to match the yield on Ginnie Mae securities, while preserving the full government 

guarantee, even if they extend their duration significantly.

Security Duration Yield

US 5y 4.7 1.84

US 10y 8.7 2.30

GNMA II 3% 6.4 2.77

GNMA II 3.5% 5.3 2.76

JPY 5y 4.9 -0.06

JPY 10y 9.8 0.08

GER 5y 5.2 -0.18

GER 10y 9.8 0.54

ITA 5y 4.5 0.77

ITA 10y 8.7 2.09

US credit 7.3 3.04

US credit >= A 7.6 2.90

US HY 3.8 5.41

Pan-Euro corp 5.9 1.08

Pan-Euro HY 3.5 2.4

9

US 5y

US 10y

G2 3.0%

G2 3.5%

JPY 5y

GER 10y

GER 5y

JPY 10y

ITA 5y

ITA 10y

US Credit

US Credit>=A

US HY

Pan-Euro

Corp

Pan-Euro HY

-1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Yield

Duration

Yield per duration
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

Source: State Street

*A 2% max r

Average Return (Per Month)

Time Period US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Corp Pan Euro Credit Corp US High Yield* Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year 0.00 -0.21 0.14 -0.04 0.87 0.63

3 year 0.18 0.18 0.33 0.26 0.45 0.41

5 year 0.13 0.10 0.30 0.35 0.56 0.69

10 year 0.36 0.33 0.49 0.37 0.71 0.77

* ssumes 2 capitalization ma per issue

*Assumes 2% capitali ati per issuer

Source: State Street

Average Excess Return (Per Month)

Time Period US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Corp Pan Euro Credit Corp US High Yield* Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year -0.05 -0.26 0.08 0.03 0.82 0.70

3 year 0.16 0.16 0.30 0.30 0.43 0.46

5 year 0.12 0.08 0.28 0.38 0.54 0.72

10 year 0.32 0.29 0.46 0.33 0.68 0.73

l zat on max

*A 2% on max 

Source: State Street

Standard Deviation

Time Period US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Corp Pan Euro Credit Corp US High Yield* Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year 0.58 0.91 1.07 0.96 0.80 0.76

3 year 0.49 1.00 1.18 1.16 1.73 1.44

5 year 0.65 0.89 1.16 1.11 1.51 1.35

10 year 0.76 1.21 1.74 1.46 3.04 3.62

* ssumes 2 capitalizatiCor o ma per issuer

10

Sharpe Ratio

Time Period US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Co p

Pan Euro 

Credit Corp US High Yield Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year -0.08 -0.29 0.08 0.03 1.02 0.92

3 year 0.33 0.16 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.32

5 year 0.18 0.09 0.24 0.34 0.36 0.53

10 year 0.42 0.24 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.20

*Assumes 2% capitalization max per issuer on high yield indices

Sources: Barclays Indices, Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors Note: Data as of July 2017

The average return on the Ginnie Mae index over the past decade has been in line with the US Treasury Index, but 

lower than many alternatives, including the US Investment-Grade Corporate and US and European High Yield 

Indices. However, the standard deviation of the Ginnie Mae index is the lowest of any sector, as it has the least 

price volatility. The result: the excess return per unit of risk for the mortgage market is the highest of any market 

over the past decade.
State of the US Housing Market

7.4%

6.6%

-25.0%

-20.0%

-15.0%

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

Nov-00

May-01

Nov-01

May-02

Nov-02

May-03

Nov-03

May-04

Nov-04

May-05

Nov-05

May-06

Nov-06

May-07

Nov-07

May-08

Nov-08

May-09

Nov-09

May-10

Nov-10

May-11

Nov-11

May-12

Nov-12

May-13

Nov-13

May-14

Nov-14

May-15

Nov-15

May-16

Nov-16

May-17

Year-over-year growth rate

National Year-Over-Year HPI Growth

CoreLogic HPI year-over-year Zillow HPI year-over-year

Sources: CoreLogic, Zillow, and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of May 2017

11

1.12%

0.92%

3.99%

2.13%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

1Q053Q051Q063Q061Q073Q071Q083Q081Q093Q091Q103Q101Q113Q111Q123Q121Q133Q131Q143Q141Q153Q151Q163Q161Q17

Serious delinquency rates

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac FHA VA

Sources: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, MBA Delinquency Survey and Urban Institute.

Note: Serious delinquency is defined as 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Data as of Q1 2017.

Serious Delinquency Rates: Single-Family Loans

Serious delinquencies for GSE single-family loans continued to decline. After the seasonal upswing in Q4 2016, 

both FHA and VA delinquencies resumed their decline to 3.99 and 2.13 percent in Q1 2017. GSE delinquencies 

remain higher relative to 2005-2007, while FHA and VA delinquencies (which are higher than their GSE 

counterparts) are at levels lower than 2005-2007. Home price changes turned positive in 2012, and continue to 

increase at around 7 percent per year, as measured by both CoreLogic and Zillow.
State of the US Housing Market

Debt,

$9,833

household

mortgages,

Sources: CoreLogic and Urban Institute. Note: HPI data as of May 2017. Negative sign indicates that state is above earlier peak. Peak refers to the month when HPI reached 

the highest level for each state/US during the housing boom period, ranging from 09/2005 to 09/2008. Trough represents the month when HPI fell to the lowest level for 

each state/US after the housing bust, ranging from 01/2009 to 03/2012. Current is 05/2017, the latest HPI data period.

Nationally, the housing market has improved by 47.8 percent since the trough, and needs to increase by another 

1.5 percent to achieve peak valuation. However, the picture is very different for different states, with many states 

well in excess of the prior peak, while Nevada is 38.8 percent below peak levels and Arizona, Connecticut and 

Florida are 24 percent below peak levels.

12

HPI Changes

State 2000 to Peak Peak to Trough Trough to Current YOY Current HPI % Below Peak

National 93.7% -33.3% 47.8% 6.6% 1.5%

Alabama 46.1% -20.9% 22.8% 5.6% 3.0%

Alaska 68.9% -9.3% 17.1% -0.3% -5.8%

Arizona 121.5% -50.6% 63.9% 6.1% 23.5%

Arkansas 39.3% -7.8% 15.1% 5.1% -5.8%

California 149.0% -42.5% 70.0% 5.8% 2.4%

Colorado 40.3% -13.8% 63.1% 9.7% -28.9%

Connecticut 79.4% -25.0% 7.7% 1.0% 23.7%

Delaware 90.3% -24.0% 14.9% 0.4% 14.5%

District of Columbia 150.4% -10.5% 37.8% 4.2% -19.0%

Florida 149.2% -49.7% 61.0% 6.4% 23.5%

Georgia 40.2% -30.9% 50.2% 5.9% -3.6%

Hawaii 152.3% -20.6% 44.1% 6.4% -12.5%

Idaho 85.7% -41.1% 66.0% 8.4% 2.2%

Illinois 60.0% -32.7% 29.1% 4.0% 15.1%

Indiana 24.3% -16.4% 25.7% 4.9% -4.8%

Iowa 25.5% -4.8% 18.3% 3.4% -11.2%

Kansas 33.2% -13.8% 23.5% 2.7% -6.0%

Kentucky 26.9% -8.9% 17.7% 2.7% -6.7%

Louisiana 58.3% -7.7% 22.5% 4.0% -11.6%

Maine 92.5% -16.1% 35.3% 2.1% -11.9%

Maryland 137.7% -31.2% 19.6% 3.6% 21.5%

Massachusetts 81.8% -21.4% 37.1% 6.5% -7.3%

Michigan 26.0% -43.4% 67.0% 6.8% 5.8%

Minnesota 69.8% -28.3% 39.5% 5.5% -0.1%

Mississippi 35.2% -18.5% 19.9% 3.6% 2.3%

Missouri 46.2% -22.3% 27.7% 4.7% 0.7%

Montana 80.1% -16.5% 34.7% 4.9% -11.1%

Nebraska 25.3% -5.3% 24.4% 5.2% -15.2%

Nevada 128.9% -60.0% 80.3% 7.3% 38.8%

New Hampshire 82.6% -24.0% 28.3% 6.0% 2.5%

New Jersey 109.6% -26.5% 13.7% 2.4% 19.6%

New Mexico 64.5% -26.7% 20.2% 3.8% 13.5%

New York 102.3% -13.8% 30.5% 7.5% -11.1%

North Carolina 39.5% -14.6% 25.7% 5.5% -6.8%

North Dakota 49.5% -2.0% 45.7% 2.8% -29.9%

Ohio 22.1% -20.7% 24.4% 1.8% 1.4%

Oklahoma 35.6% -3.2% 14.1% 1.7% -9.4%

Oregon 87.5% -29.4% 65.0% 9.0% -14.2%

Pennsylvania 71.6% -12.8% 14.4% 3.7% 0.2%

Rhode Island 131.0% -34.7% 26.9% 4.2% 20.7%

South Carolina 61.4% -22.2% 30.7% 4.6% -1.6%

South Dakota 37.3% -3.6% 25.8% 0.8% -17.6%

Tennessee 41.0% -13.5% 30.2% 4.2% -11.2%

Texas 39.3% -13.2% 44.9% 4.9% -20.5%

Utah 64.7% -31.8% 59.9% 10.4% -8.2%

Vermont 81.2% -9.0% 10.7% 2.6% -0.8%

Virginia 135.2% -30.7% 29.1% 2.4% 11.7%

Washington 90.1% -28.2% 63.7% 12.6% -14.9%

West Virginia 78.1% -30.1% 17.2% -1.2% 22.0%

Wisconsin 48.5% -17.3% 23.5% 5.5% -2.1%

Wyoming 75.9% -14.9% 22.7% -2.2% -4.2%
State of the US Housing Market

hou

Debt,

sehold

rtg ges

$9,833

mortga ,

Agency Issuance (past 1 year)

State Ginnie Mae Share Ginnie Mae Average

Loan Size (Thousands)

GSE Average Loan 

Size (Thousands)

Ginnie Mae 

Share

Agency Outstanding 

Ginnie Mae Average 

Loan Size (Thousands)

GSE Average Loan

Size (Thousands)

National 33.3% 210.6 229.5 32.9% 174.2 205.4

Alabama 46.0% 158.7 180.2 48.0% 139.9 166.6

Alaska 53.3% 280.3 243.5 52.5% 252.4 225.4

Arizona 37.3% 201.4 206.3 35.7% 171.4 187.2

Arkansas 43.4% 140.1 166.1 47.8% 120.8 151.0

California 26.9% 335.3 321.7 22.6% 276.8 288.3

Colorado 32.1% 263.1 256.2 31.5% 218.9 230.7

Connecticut 30.8% 214.0 228.0 30.0% 202.5 217.1

Delaware 40.1% 212.6 219.6 37.9% 196.5 205.8

District of Columbia 17.5% 401.8 360.8 18.2% 317.8 329.9

Florida 39.8% 200.3 199.1 37.2% 167.4 181.5

Georgia 41.5% 177.4 204.4 41.5% 151.0 183.3

Hawaii 39.7% 480.2 371.3 31.7% 407.4 341.1

Idaho 35.8% 184.3 188.7 36.1% 157.7 171.2

Illinois 24.6% 175.6 201.3 25.5% 153.1 181.8

Indiana 39.6% 137.6 156.2 40.5% 119.9 139.6

Iowa 24.7% 142.1 164.2 27.8% 123.1 146.6

Kansas 34.9% 150.1 173.8 38.0% 130.6 154.6

Kentucky 40.6% 146.0 166.1 40.9% 131.3 148.0

Louisiana 42.6% 167.8 189.5 44.5% 148.6 175.3

Maine 35.7% 180.7 195.7 33.2% 164.4 178.5

Maryland 44.5% 281.6 266.5 40.2% 248.6 244.9

Massachusetts 21.7% 277.8 276.7 19.9% 248.0 251.9

Michigan 26.4% 141.8 168.2 27.6% 121.1 149.2

Minnesota 25.4% 190.5 205.0 26.5% 166.5 187.3

Mississippi 49.4% 148.0 169.7 53.3% 129.9 156.1

Missouri 35.0% 148.4 173.2 37.3% 130.6 154.0

Montana 31.5% 206.8 208.1 32.6% 178.5 188.0

Nebraska 32.1% 157.0 167.9 37.0% 132.4 150.9

Nevada 43.6% 222.6 214.3 42.0% 189.8 192.8

New Hampshire 32.4% 223.5 218.8 30.7% 205.3 198.9

New Jersey 29.3% 248.4 267.0 28.6% 231.1 246.8

New Mexico 44.6% 175.1 185.1 44.7% 154.5 171.2

New York 26.6% 238.6 263.9 27.1% 201.7 239.8

North Carolina 35.0% 175.3 200.2 36.9% 152.2 182.2

North Dakota 27.1% 206.0 203.0 27.5% 176.2 182.4

Ohio 36.9% 138.3 156.7 38.8% 123.7 142.4

Oklahoma 46.4% 149.9 169.2 51.1% 129.2 155.0

Oregon 27.6% 237.0 245.0 26.4% 203.3 215.9

Pennsylvania 34.5% 166.4 193.3 34.6% 150.6 178.9

Rhode Island 37.0% 213.8 215.0 34.4% 196.8 200.7

South Carolina 40.4% 178.0 190.8 39.8% 155.1 175.1

South Dakota 35.7% 171.1 181.4 37.9% 151.8 161.7

Tennessee 42.1% 172.4 194.2 44.2% 146.6 174.8

Texas 35.9% 186.9 208.8 39.8% 148.2 187.5

Utah 32.0% 222.0 235.7 33.6% 195.3 213.1

Vermont 23.6% 195.0 194.1 19.9% 179.9 180.8

Virginia 45.3% 275.7 264.8 42.3% 239.7 242.2

Washington 31.8% 264.6 267.5 31.4% 225.6 237.4

West Virginia 47.6% 153.4 154.5 46.1% 137.0 145.8

Wisconsin 21.6% 161.2 175.2 22.1% 144.7 159.0

Wyoming 41.3% 207.7 207.7 42.4% 190.9 193.1

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Ginnie Mae share are based on loan balance as of June 2017.

Ginnie Mae loans constitute 32.9 percent of outstanding agency issuance by loan balance, 33.3 percent of the 

issuance over the past year. However, the Ginnie Mae share varies widely across states, with the share of 

outstandings (as measured by loan balance) as low as 18.2 percent in the District of Columbia and as high as 53.3 

percent in Mississippi. In general, the Ginnie Mae share is higher in states with lower home prices.

13
State of the US Housing Market

$10.3

$14.4

$24.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Q1

$ Trillions

Value of the US Housing Market

14

Debt, household mortgages Household equity Total Value

Sources: Federal Reserve Flow of Funds and Urban Institute. Data as of Q1 2017.

$0.5

$0.6

$6.2

$3.1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Q1

$ Trillions

Size of the US Residential Mortgage Market

Private Label Securities Second Liens Agency MBS Unsecuritized first liens

Sources: Federal Reserve Flow of Funds, Inside Mortgage Finance, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, eMBS and Urban Institute.

Note: Unsecuritized first liens includes loans held by commercial banks, GSEs, savings institutions, and credit unions. Data as of Q1 2017.

The Federal Reserve's Flow of Funds report has consistently indicated an increasing total value of the housing 

market driven by growing household equity since 2012, and 2017 Q1 was no different. While total debt and 

mortgages was stable at $10.3 trillion, household equity reached a new high of $14.4 trillion, bringing the total 

value of the housing market to $24.8 trillion, surpassing the pre-crisis peak of $23.9 trillion in 2006. Agency MBS 

make up 59.5 percent of the total mortgage market, private-label securities make up 4.9 percent, and 

unsecuritized first liens at the GSEs, commercial banks, savings institutions, and credit unions make up 29.9 

percent. Second liens comprise the remaining 5.7 percent of the total.
State of the US Housing Market

As of June 2017, outstanding securities in the agency market totaled $6.22 trillion and were 44.1 percent Fannie 

Mae, 27.4 percent Freddie Mac, and 28.5 percent Ginnie Mae. Ginnie Mae now has more outstandings than 

Freddie Mac. Within the Ginnie Mae market, VA has been growing very rapidly--comprising 32.0 percent of total 

Ginnie Mae outstandings.

15

$2.7

$1.7

$1.8

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Dec-00

Jun-01

Dec-01

Jun-02

Dec-02

Jun-03

Dec-03

Jun-04

Dec-04

Jun-05

Dec-05

Jun-06

Dec-06

Jun-07

Dec-07

Jun-08

Dec-08

Jun-09

Dec-09

Jun-10

Dec-10

Jun-11

Dec-11

Jun-12

Dec-12

Jun-13

Dec-13

Jun-14

Dec-14

Jun-15

Dec-15

Jun-16

Dec-16

Jun-17

$ Trillions

Outstanding Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017

$1.1

$0.6

$0.1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

Dec-00

Jun-01

Dec-01

Jun-02

Dec-02

Jun-03

Dec-03

Jun-04

Dec-04

Jun-05

Dec-05

Jun-06

Dec-06

Jun-07

Dec-07

Jun-08

Dec-08

Jun-09

Dec-09

Jun-10

Dec-10

Jun-11

Dec-11

Jun-12

Dec-12

Jun-13

Dec-13

Jun-14

Dec-14

Jun-15

Dec-15

Jun-16

Dec-16

Jun-17

$ Trillions

Outstanding Ginnie Mae Mortgage-Backed Securities

FHA VA Other

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note: Data as of June 2017
State of the US Housing Market

$0.21

$0.09

$0.003

$0.08

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Q1

$ trillions

First Lien Origination Volume

16

Portfolio

PLS securitization

FHA/VA securitization

GSE securitization

Sources: Inside Mortgage Finance and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2017.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Q1

First Lien Origination Share

After a record high origination year in 2016 ($2.1 trillion), the first lien originations totaled $385 billion in the first 

quarter of 2017, mostly due to the increase in interest rates and traditionally low winter activity. The share of 

portfolio originations was 21 percent, down sharply from 31 percent in 2016. The GSE share went up to 53 

percent, from 46 percent for 2016. The FHA/VA share was slightly up: 25 percent in Q1 2017 versus 23 percent in 

2016. Origination of private-label securities was well under 1 percent in both periods.

Sources: Inside Mortgage Finance and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2017. 

20.7%

0.8%

25.3%

53.2%
US Agency Market, Originations

Debt,

househ

mortga

old

ges,

$9,833

Ginnie Mae Breakdown: Agency Gross Issuance

Issuance Year FHA VA Other Total Agency

2000 $80.2 $18.8 $3.2 $102.2

2001 $133.8 $34.7 $3.1 $171.5

2002 $128.6 $37.9 $2.5 $169.0

2003 $147.9 $62.7 $2.5 $213.1

2004 $85.0 $31.8 $2.5 $119.2

2005 $55.7 $23.5 $2.1 $81.4

2006 $51.2 $23.2 $2.3 $76.7

2007 $67.7 $24.2 $3.0 $94.9

2008 $221.7 $39.0 $6.9 $267.6

2009 $359.9 $74.6 $16.8 $451.3

2010 $304.9 $70.6 $15.3 $390.7

2011 $216.1 $82.3 $16.9 $315.3

2012 $253.4 $131.3 $20.3 $405.0

2013 $239.2 $132.2 $22.2 $393.6

2014 $163.9 $111.4 $21.0 $296.3

2015 $261.5 $155.6 $19.2 $436.3

2016 $281.8 $206.5 $19.9 $508.2

2017 YTD $127.9 $82.1 $9.7 $219.7

2017 %Change YOY 1.1% -5.0% 13.1% -0.8%

2017 Ann. $255.7 $164.2 $19.5 $439.4

17

Agency Gross Issuance

Issuance Year Fannie Mae Freddie Mac GSE Total Ginnie Mae Total Agency

2000 $202.8 $157.9 $360.6 $102.2 $462.8

2001 $506.9 $378.2 $885.1 $171.5 $1,056.6

2002 $710.0 $529.0 $1,238.9 $169.0 $1,407.9

2003 $1,174.4 $700.5 $1,874.9 $213.1 $2,088.0

2004 $517.5 $355.2 $872.6 $119.2 $991.9

2005 $514.1 $379.9 $894.0 $81.4 $975.3

2006 $500.2 $352.9 $853.0 $76.7 $929.7

2007 $633.0 $433.3 $1,066.2 $94.9 $1,161.1

2008 $562.7 $348.7 $911.4 $267.6 $1,179.0

2009 $817.1 $462.9 $1,280.0 $451.3 $1,731.3

2010 $626.6 $377.0 $1,003.5 $390.7 $1,394.3

2011 $578.2 $301.2 $879.3 $315.3 $1,194.7

2012 $847.6 $441.3 $1,288.8 $405.0 $1,693.8

2013 $749.9 $426.7 $1,176.6 $393.6 $1,570.2

2014 $392.9 $258.0 $650.9 $296.3 $947.2

2015 $493.9 $351.9 $845.7 $436.3 $1,282.0

2016 $600.5 $391.1 $991.6 $508.2 $1,499.8

2017 YTD $258.0 $159.1 $417.1 $219.7 $636.8

2017 %Change YOY 6.4% 1.2% 4.4% -0.8% 2.5%

2017 Ann. $516.0 $318.3 $834.3 $439.4 $1,273.7

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute (top and bottom). 

Note : Dollar amounts are in billions. Annualized figure based on data from June 2017. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public 

and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development. All data is as of June 2017.

Agency gross issuance totaled $1,273.7 billion in the first half of 2017, a 2.5 percent increase from the same, very 

sluggish period last year. Ginnie Mae gross issuance is down by -0.8 percent, while GSE gross issuance is up by 4.4 

percent. Within the Ginnie Mae market, FHA is up by 1.1 percent while VA origination is down by 5.0 percent. As a 

result of higher rates, origination in 2017 is expected to be down substantially compared to 2016.
US Agency Market, Originations

Debt,

$9,833

household

mortgages,

Ginnie Mae Breakdown: Net Issuance

Issuance Year FHA VA Other Total

2000 $29.0 $0.3 $0.0 $29.3

2001 $0.7 -$10.6 $0.0 -$9.9

2002 -$22.5 -$28.7 $0.0 -$51.2

2003 -$56.5 -$21.1 $0.0 -$77.6

2004 -$45.2 $5.1 $0.0 -$40.1

2005 -$37.3 -$12.1 $7.2 -$42.2

2006 -$4.7 $3.8 $1.2 $0.2

2007 $20.2 $8.7 $2.0 $30.9

2008 $173.3 $17.7 $5.4 $196.4

2009 $206.4 $35.1 $15.8 $257.4

2010 $158.6 $29.6 $10.0 $198.3

2011 $102.8 $34.0 $12.8 $149.6

2012 $58.9 $45.9 $14.3 $119.1

2013 $20.7 $53.3 $13.9 $87.9

2014 -$4.8 $53.9 $12.5 $61.6

2015 $22.5 $66.9 $7.9 $97.3

2016 $45.6 $73.2 $6.0 $124.9

2017 YTD $27.8 $37.1 $2.2 $67.0

2017 %Change YOY 25.4% 15.5% -32.4% 16.6%

2017 Ann. $55.6 $74.1 $4.4 $134.0

 

18

Agency Net Issuance

Issuance Year Fannie Mae Freddie Mac GSE Total Ginnie Mae Total Agency

2000 $92.0 $67.8 $159.8 $29.3 $189.1

2001 $216.6 $151.8 $368.4 -$9.9 $358.5

2002 $218.9 $138.3 $357.2 -$51.2 $306.1

2003 $293.7 $41.1 $334.9 -$77.6 $257.3

2004 $32.3 $50.2 $82.5 -$40.1 $42.4

2005 $62.5 $111.7 $174.2 -$42.2 $132.0

2006 $164.3 $149.3 $313.6 $0.2 $313.8

2007 $296.1 $218.8 $514.9 $30.9 $545.7

2008 $213.0 $101.8 $314.8 $196.4 $511.3

2009 $208.1 $42.5 $250.6 $257.4 $508.0

2010 -$156.4 -$146.8 -$303.2 $198.3 -$105.0

2011 -$32.6 -$95.8 -$128.4 $149.6 $21.2

2012 $32.9 -$75.3 -$42.4 $119.1 $76.8

2013 $57.5 $11.6 $69.1 $87.9 $157.0

2014 $0.5 $30.0 $30.5 $61.6 $92.1

2015 $10.2 $65.0 $75.1 $97.3 $172.5

2016 $68.6 $66.8 $135.5 $124.9 $260.4

2017 YTD $44.5 $28.9 $73.4 $67.0 $140.4

2017 %Change YOY 183.9% 47.3% 108.0% 16.6% 51.4%

2017 Ann. $89.0 $57.8 $146.8 $134.0 $280.8

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute (top and bottom) 

Note : Dollar amounts are in billions. Annualized figure based on data from June 2017. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian 

Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development. All data is as of June 2017.

Agency net issuance totaled $140.4 billion for the first six months of 2017, up 51.4 percent over the same period 

last year. Ginnie Mae net issuance was $67.0 billion, comprising 47.7 percent of total agency net issuance. Note 

that Ginnie Mae net issuance is up 16.6 percent versus the same time last year. Ginnie Mae net issuance is 

comprised of 55.4 percent VA issuance, 41.4 percent FHA issuance and 3.3 percent other issuance.
US Agency Market, Originations

bt,

 

De

hous

mort

$9,833

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

ehold

Note : Dollar amounts are in billions. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s 

Rural Development. 

rtgages,

All data is as of June 2017.

With the winter season and elevated mortgage rates since the election, monthly agency issuance has been 

declining in the first half of 2017. Freddie Mac gross issuance was cut substantially from 39 billion in January 

2017 to 25 billion in June 2017. Fannie Mae’s gross issuance dropped from 56 to 46 billion. Less dependent on 

refinances, Ginnie Mae gross issuance fell less from 43 to 40 billion in the same period, driving its share up to 36 

percent in June 2017. Despite the variability in gross issuance, Ginnie Mae net issuance is relatively constant; 

11.2 billion per month for the first six months of 2017, versus 9.6 billion per month in 2016.

19

Date

Gross Issuance Net Issuance

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae

Jan-14 $28.2 $20.0 $21.6 -$4.9 $0.5 $4.9

Feb-14 $27.9 $17.9 $20.1 -$0.2 $1.2 $5.2

Mar-14 $24.1 $14.7 $16.7 -$2.3 -$0.9 $1.9

Apr-14 $28.0 $18.7 $21.7 -$1.9 $1.2 $5.2

May-14 $27.7 $18.1 $23.9 -$3.7 $0.0 $4.9

Jun-14 $32.1 $20.7 $24.9 -$0.4 $1.8 $4.5

Jul-14 $36.3 $23.2 $27.4 $0.6 $2.6 $5.4

Aug-14 $34.2 $28.4 $30.0 -$2.7 $7.4 $7.9

Sep-14 $39.6 $25.9 $27.0 $4.8 $5.6 $5.2

Oct-14 $39.5 $25.8 $29.9 $4.3 $6.2 $8.4

Nov-14 $32.0 $23.1 $26.4 -$3.0 $2.7 $4.2

Dec-14 $43.3 $21.6 $26.7 $9.9 $1.8 $4.1

Jan-15 $36.8 $22.9 $27.5 -$1.2 $0.8 $2.5

Feb-15 $35.4 $29.9 $23.9 $1.5 $10.1 $2.9

Mar-15 $44.8 $26.0 $30.7 $3.1 $1.1 $0.6

Apr-15 $49.3 $33.8 $40.6 -$1.2 $3.8 $4.3

May-15 $42.4 $33.2 $39.4 -$2.9 $6.6 $5.8

Jun-15 $44.6 $34.4 $40.5 $0.8 $8.3 $9.1

Jul-15 $46.0 $39.2 $45.6 $1.0 $12.3 $13.3

Aug-15 $39.4 $27.6 $43.4 -$2.2 $3.1 $14.9

Sep-15 $45.3 $30.4 $39.4 $7.6 $7.9 $12.7

Oct-15 $41.5 $28.4 $39.2 $4.8 $6.4 $12.4

Nov-15 $28.8 $23.3 $35.8 -$8.1 $1.3 $10.6

Dec-15 $39.7 $22.8 $30.3 $7.1 $3.2 $8.2

Jan-16 $35.6 $22.5 $32.5 -$0.6 $1.0 $7.3

Feb-16 $32.4 $21.2 $30.5 $2.4 $3.1 $8.4

Mar-16 $39.7 $27.5 $32.9 $7.9 $8.2 $9.6

Apr-16 $43.8 $26.2 $40.1 $0.8 -$0.2 $8.8

May-16 $44.2 $29.9 $41.6 $2.4 $4.4 $11.4

Jun-16 $46.7 $30.1 $43.9 $2.7 $3.0 $11.9

Jul-16 $49.8 $35.3 $46.1 $2.3 $6.3 $10.8

Aug-16 $54.9 $37.9 $46.7 $10.4 $11.0 $13.8

Sep-16 $65.8 $44.0 $52.5 $8.7 $9.0 $12.5

Oct-16 $66.0 $35.9 $47.4 $11.8 $2.7 $9.3

Nov-16 $48.8 $40.2 $47.2 -$3.5 $7.9 $10.3

Dec-16 $72.7 $40.5 $46.8 $23.3 $10.4 $10.8

Jan-17 $55.6 $38.5 $42.6 $10.3 $10.7 $10.3

Feb-17 $37.6 $27.4 $33.1 $3.1 $6.5 $9.2

Mar-17 $39.5 $24.4 $31.3 $10.3 $6.2 $9.6

Apr-17 $39.3 $21.2 $36.4 $4.8 $0.4 $11.7

May-17 $40.3 $22.6 $36.4 $7.6 $2.7 $13.1

Jun-17 $45.7 $25.1 $39.9 $8.3 $2.4 $13.2

Monthly Agency Issuance
US Agency Market, Originations

Mortg

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Dec-03

Jun-04

Dec-04

Jun-05

Dec-05

Jun-06

Dec-06

Jun-07

Dec-07

Jun-08

Dec-08

Jun-09

Dec-09

Jun-10

Dec-10

Jun-11

Dec-11

Jun-12

Dec-12

Jun-13

Dec-13

Jun-14

Dec-14

Jun-15

Dec-15

Jun-16

Dec-16

Jun-17

age Rate

Mortgag

Percent Refi

Percent Refi at Issuance

Freddie Mac (left) Fannie Mae (left) Ginnie Mae (left) Mortgage rate (right)

23.0%

37.0%

0% 2.7%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

t-13

Oc

-13 Nov

-13

Dec

-14 Jan

-14 Feb

a 14

Marp 14

Apr-

-14

May

-14 Jun

l-14 Ju

-14 Aug

e 14 Spt-14

Oc

-14 Nov

-14

Dec

-15 Jan

-15 Feb

a 15

Marp 15

Apr-

-15

May

-15 Jun

l-15 Ju

-15 Aug

e 15 Spt-15

Oc

-15 Nov

-15

Dec

-16 Jan

-16 Feb

a 16

Marp 16

Apr-

-16

May

-16 Jun

l-16 Ju

-16 Aug

e 16 Spt-16

Oc

-16 Nov

-16

Dec

-17 Jan

-17 Feb

a 17

Marp 17

Apr-

-17

May

-17 Jun

fi ent Re Perc

Percent Refi at Issuance: Ginnie Mae Breakdown

FHA VA Other

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Based on at-issuance balance. Data as of June 2017.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute.

Note: Based on at-issuance balance. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s 

Rural Development. Data as of June 2017.

The Ginnie Mae refi share stood at 25 percent in June 2017, below the 39 and 36 percent shares for Fannie Mae 

and Freddie Mac, respectively. Within Ginnie Mae, VA had the highest refi share at 37 percent in June 2017, 

followed by FHA’s 23 percent refi share.

20
Credit Box

38.7%

43.0%

70.7%

53.7%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17

First Time Homebuyer Share: Purchase Only Loans

Freddie Fannie Ginnie All

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017.

First time homebuyers are important to the Ginnie Mae market, comprising 71 percent of purchase originations, 

compared to Fannie and Freddie’s 43 percent and 39 percent share of the first-time homebuyer market. The 

bottom table shows that based on mortgages originated in June 2017, the average first-time homebuyer was 

more likely than an average repeat buyer to take out a smaller loan and have a lower credit score, a much higher 

LTV and a higher DTI, thus requiring a higher interest rate.

21

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae All

First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat

Loan Amount 

($Thousands ) 222.2 251.7 231.9 254.5 197.6 241.0 210.1 249.0 

Credit Score 738.5 755.4 740.2 754.4 682.2 701.4 707.7 738.0

LTV (%) 86.7 78.4 86.7 79.9 96.9 95.5 92.3 84.2

DTI (%) 34.0 34.6 34.7 35.6 40.7 41.4 37.8 37.0

Loan Rate (%) 4.32 4.19 4.32 4.22 4.23 4.11 4.27 4.17

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note: In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the financed upfront mortgage insurance 

premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage insurance premium by 

subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. Data as of June 2017.
Credit Box

76.3%

54.3%

79.4%

70.7%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17

First Time Homebuyer Share: 

Ginnie Mae Purchase Only Loans Breakdown by Source

 

FHA VA Other All

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the

Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development. In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the 

financed upfront mortgage insurance premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage 

insurance premium by subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. 

Within the Ginnie Mae purchase market, 76 percent of FHA loans, 54 percent of VA loans and 79 percent of other 

loans represent financing for first time home buyers. The bottom table shows that based on mortgages originated 

in June 2017, the average first-time homebuyer was more likely than an average repeat buyer to take out a 

smaller loan and have a lower credit score, a higher LTV and slightly lower DTI, thus requiring a higher interest 

rate.

22

FHA VA Other Ginnie Mae Total

First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat

Loan Amount

($ Thousands) 194.2 213.4 237.7 289.0 141.4 151.3 197.6 241.0 

Credit Score 675.8 681.7 697.8 727.2 694.3 691.5 682.2 701.4

LTV (%) 95.6 94.2 99.9 96.5 99.4 99.9 96.9 95.5

DTI (%) 41.9 42.7 39.7 40.8 34.8 35.7 40.7 41.4

Loan Rate (%) 4.28 4.22 4.08 3.97 4.17 4.25 4.23 4.11

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017.
Credit Box

Sources: Credit Bureau Data and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of August 2015.

FICO Score Distribution: Mortgage Owners vs All Consumers

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

0

3

0

0-5

0

0

5

0

0-5

2

0

5

2

0-5

4

0

5

4

0-5

6

0

5

6

0-5

8

0

5

8

0-6

0

0

6

0

0-6

2

0

6

2

0-6

4

0

6

4

0-6

6

0

6

6

0-6

8

0

6

8

0-7

0

0

7

0

0-7

2

0

7

2

0-7

4

0

7

4

0-7

6

0

7

6

0-7

8

0

7

8

0-8

0

0

8

0

0-8

2

0

8

2

0-8

5

All Consumers Mortgage owners

All Consumers- Percentiles

Minimum P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 Maximum

300 501 523 575 675 770 812 821 839

Mortgage Owners- Percentiles

Minimum P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 Maximum

306 564 609 676 749 800 818 824 839

Consumers who have a mortgage are concentrated at the high end of the general credit score spectrum. The top 

table shows that the median FICO score for all consumers (675) is lower than the 25th percentile of those with a 

mortgage (676).

23
t,

ges,

house

mortga

$9,833

hold

Deb

Purchase FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 313,640 644 678 727 774 797 724 

Fannie 115,058 682 717 758 788 802 749 

Freddie 67,053 688 719 757 787 801 750 

Ginnie 131,529 626 648 680 724 769 688 

Refi FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 159,564 643 679 724 771 797 721 

Fannie 75,264 659 693 738 779 800 733 

Freddie 43,208 666 700 740 778 800 736 

Ginnie 41,092 616 645 680 723 769 684 

All FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 473,204 644 678 726 773 797 723 

Fannie 190,322 671 707 751 785 801 743 

Freddie 110,261 679 711 751 784 801 744 

Ginnie 172,621 624 647 680 723 769 687 

 

24

Purchase FICO: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 131,529 626 648 680 724 769 688 

FHA 83,922 623 644 671 707 745 677 

VA 35,270 633 662 708 763 633 662 

Other 12,337 640 658 690 729 764 694 

Refi FICO: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 41,092 616 645 680 723 769 684 

FHA 22,503 605 636 667 702 743 670 

VA 18,276 629 660 699 747 784 701 

Other 313 619 658 700 748 781 699 

All FICO: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 172,621 624 647 680 723 769 687 

FHA 106,425 621 642 670 706 745 676 

VA 53,546 632 661 705 758 791 708 

Other 12,650 639 658 690 730 765 694 

June 2017 Credit Box at a Glance

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of

Agriculture’s Rural Development.Data as of June 2017.

In June 2017, the median Ginnie Mae FICO score was 680 versus 751 for Fannie and Freddie. Note that the FICO 

score for the 10th percentile was 624 for Ginnie Mae, versus 671 for Fannie and 679 for Freddie. Within the Ginnie 

Mae market, FHA loans have a median FICO score of 670, VA loans have a median FICO score of 705 and other loans 

have a median FICO score of 690.
June 2017 Credit Box at a Glance

old

Debt,

househ

mortgag

$9,833

ges,

Purchase LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 314,008 73.0 80.0 95.0 96.5 100.0 87.9 

Fannie 115,164 63.0 79.0 80.0 95.0 95.0 81.6 

Freddie 67,061 64.0 79.0 80.0 95.0 95.0 81.8 

Ginnie 131,783 93.3 96.5 96.5 100.0 102.0 96.5

Refi LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 161,928 45.0 60.0 75.0 83.0 93.1 71.0 

Fannie 75,355 41.0 55.0 70.0 79.0 80.0 65.5 

Freddie 43,203 41.0 56.0 70.0 79.0 81.0 66.2 

Ginnie 43,370 67.7 80.6 86.5 95.9 100.0 85.4 

All LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 475,936 57.0 75.0 85.0 96.5 98.6 82.2 

Fannie 190,519 50.0 67.0 80.0 90.0 95.0 75.3 

Freddie 110,264 51.0 68.0 80.0 90.0 95.0 75.7 

Ginnie 175,153 83.0 93.5 96.5 99.5 101.0 93.7 

 

Purchase LTV: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 131,783 93.3 96.5 96.5 100.0 102.0 96.5 

FHA 84,077 93.3 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 95.2 

VA 35,317 91.1 100.0 100.0 102.2 103.3 98.3 

Other 12,389 95.5 99.3 101.0 101.0 102.0 99.5 

Refi LTV: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 43,370 67.7 80.6 86.5 95.9 100.0 85.4 

FHA 22,939 67.1 79.6 86.5 89.0 96.7 82.9 

VA 20,150 68.2 82.0 91.3 99.9 101.0 88.1

Other 281 80.2 89.2 96.0 100.4 102.0 93.0 

All LTV: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 175,153 83.0 93.5 96.5 99.5 101.0 93.7 

FHA 107,016 83.9 93.2 96.5 96.5 96.5 92.6 

VA 55,467 80.0 91.5 100.0 101.7 103.0 94.6 

Other 12,670 95.0 99.2 101.0 101.0 102.0 99.3 

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of

Agriculture’s Rural Development. In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the financed 

upfront mortgage insurance premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage 

insurance premium by subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. Data as of June 2017.

In June 2017, the median loan-to-value ratio (LTV) was 96.5 percent for Ginnie Mae, and 80.0 percent for Fannie Mae 

and Freddie Mac. The 10th percentile was 83.0 percent for Ginnie Mae and 50-51 percent for the GSEs. Within the 

Ginnie Mae market,the median LTV was 96.5 for FHA, 100.0 for VA and 101.0 for other lending programs.

25
Debt,

rtgages,

hous

mort

$9,833

ehold

40.7 

35.2 

34.3 

Purchase DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

36.8 

All 313,461 24.0 31.0 38.0 44.0 49.0 

Mean

Fannie 115,163 22.0 28.0 36.0 41.0 44.0 

39.8 

Freddie 67,007 22.0 29.0 36.0 43.0 45.0 

35.3 

Ginnie 131,291 28.1 34.6 41.6 47.9 53.1 

34.3 

Refi DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

All 147,442 22.0 29.0 37.0 43.0 47.4 35.8 

Mean

Fannie 73,816 21.0 28.0 36.0 42.0 45.0 

40.9 

Freddie 42,020 21.0 28.0 37.0 43.0 46.0 

35.1 

Ginnie 31,606 25.3 32.7 40.9 47.8 52.9 

34.2 

All DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

37.2 

All 460,903 23.0 30.0 38.0 44.0 48.6 

Mean

Fannie 188,979 21.0 28.0 36.0 42.0 45.0 

Freddie 109,027 22.0 29.0 37.0 43.0 46.0 

Ginnie 162,897 27.6 34.3 41.4 47.9 53.1 

 

34.9 

39.8 

41.8 

40.7

Mean

30.8 

38.9 

40.7 

39.8 

Mean

35.0 

40.2 

42.1 

40.9 

Mean

Purchase DTI: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

All 131,291 28.1 34.6 41.6 47.9 53.1 

FHA 84,101 29.5 36.1 43.0 49.0 53.7 

VA 35,077 26.6 33.4 40.8 47.4 52.8 

Other 12,113 25.8 30.6 35.8 40.1 43.1 

Refi DTI: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

All 31,606 25.3 32.7 40.9 47.8 52.9 

FHA 17,319 26.4 34.0 42.1 48.5 53.2 

VA 14,059 24.2 31.5 39.7 46.8 52.5 

Other 228 14.5 21.5 29.9 36.9 47.3 

All DTI: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

All 162,897 27.6 34.3 41.4 47.9 53.1

FHA 101,420 29.0 35.7 42.9 48.9 53.6 

VA 49,136 25.9 32.9 40.5 47.2 52.7 

Other 12,341 25.5 30.5 35.8 40.1 43.1 

June 2017 Credit Box at a Glance

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of

Agriculture’s Rural Development. Data as of June 2017.

In June 2017, the median Ginnie Mae debt-to-income ratio (DTI) was 41.4 percent, considerably higher than the 36 

and 37 percent median DTIs for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, respectively. The 90th percentile for Ginnie Mae was 

53.1 percent, also much higher than the 45-46 percent DTIs for the GSEs. Fannie Mae has recently announced they 

will raise their DTI limit from 45 to 50. Within the Ginnie Mae market, the median FHA DTI ratio was 42.9 percent, 

versus 40.5 percentfor VA and 35.8 percentfor other lending programs.

26
Credit Box: Historical

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

FICO Scores

FICO Scores for Purchase Loans 

Freddie Median FICO Fannie Median FICO

Ginnie Median FICO All Median FICO

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

27

FICO Scores for Refinance Loans

Freddie Median FICO Fannie Median FICO

Ginnie Median FICO All Median FICO

751

680

726

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17

FICO Scores

FICO Scores for All Loans

Freddie Median FICO Fannie Median FICO Ginnie Median FICO All Median FICO

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of June 2017 Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017

This figure, showing median FICO scores since October 2013, demonstrates that the median FICO score for 

Ginnie Mae has always been considerably lower than for the GSEs. The difference between Ginnie Mae and 

GSE FICO scores is wider in purchase loans than in refi loans. The recent drop in FICO scores reflects two 

factors: (1) the composition of the market has shifted more heavily toward Ginnie Mae borrowers who have 

lower FICO scores and (2) FICO scores have dropped sharply for refinance borrowers, indicating that lenders 

are willing to spend the time to refinance more marginal borrowers, as overall volumes slip.
Credit Box: Historical

80.0

96.5

85.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0

Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17

Loan-to-Value Ratio

LTV Ratio for All Loans

Freddie Median LTV Fannie Median LTV Ginnie Median LTV All Median LTV

28

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0

Dec-13

Mar-14

Jun-14

Sep-14

Dec-14

Mar-15

Jun-15

Sep-15

Dec-15

Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

LTV Ratio for Refinance Loans

Freddie Median LTV Fannie Median LTV

Ginnie Median LTV All Median LTV

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0

Dec-13

Mar-14

Jun-14

Sep-14

Dec-14

Mar-15

Jun-15

Sep-15

Dec-15

Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

LTV Ratio for Purchase Loans

Freddie Median LTV Fannie Median LTV

Ginnie Median LTV All Median LTV

Median LTVs for Ginnie Mae loans have historically been at 96.5, much higher than the 75-80 average for 

the GSEs. Through time, refinances have LTVs about 10 points lower than their purchase counterparts.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the 

financed upfront mortgage insurance premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage 

insurance premium by subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. Sources and note apply to all three graphs. Data as of June 2017.
Credit Box: Historical

37.0

36.0

41.4

38.0

32.0

33.0

34.0

35.0

36.0

37.0

38.0

39.0

40.0

41.0

42.0

Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17

Debt-to-Income Ratio

DTI Ratio for All Loans

Freddie Median DTI Fannie Median DTI Ginnie Median DTI All Median DTI

29

30.0

32.0

34.0

36.0

38.0

40.0

42.0

44.0

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

DTI Ratio for Refinance Loans 

Freddie Median DTI Fannie Median DTI

Ginnie Median DTI All Median DTI

30.0

32.0

34.0

36.0

38.0

40.0

42.0

44.0

Dec-13

Mar-14

Jun-14

Sep-14

Dec-14

Mar-15

Jun-15

Sep-15

Dec-15

Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

DTI Ratio for Purchase Loans

Freddie Median DTI Fannie Median DTI

Ginnie Median DTI All Median DTI

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of June 2017

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note:Data as of June 2017

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note:Data as of June 2017

Median debt-to-income ratios on Ginnie Mae loans have historically been in the low 40s, considerably higher 

than the 36-37 percent DTIs for the GSEs. The DTIs for refinance loans have historically been much lower than 

for purchase loans, but the DTIs for refinance loans have been creeping up sharply in recent months.
Ginnie Mae Non-bank Originators

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note:Data as of June 2017.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note:Data as of June 2017.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural 

Development. Data as of June 2017.

The non-bank originator share of the Ginnie Mae remained at 77 percent in June 2017, continuing to rise after 

a dip in April. The non-bank share of VA issuance stood at 70 percent in June, while the non-bank share of 

FHA issuance stood at 82 percent, and the non-bank share of Other issuance stood at 79 percent.

30

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17

Ginnie Mae Non-bank Originator Share: All Loans

All FHA VA Other

82%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

Ginnie Mae Non-bank Share: 

Purchase Loans

All FHA VA Other

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

Ginnie Mae Non-bank Share: Refi

Loans

All FHA VA Other

77%

79%

70%
All Ginnie Mae FICO

 

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

693

All 171,803 624 647 680 723 769

695

Bank 38,992 641 662 700 750 787

694

Non-Bank

Mean

701

132,811 622 644 675 716 760

724

FHA Ginnie Mae FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

708

All 105,815 621 642 670 706 745

Mean

Bank 19,961 639 656 684 721 761

Non-Bank 672

690

676

85,854 618 639 667 702 740

Mean

VA Ginnie Mae FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

682

All 53,395 632 661 705 758 791

705

Bank 16,228 646 677 726 777 799

687

Non-Bank

Mean

37,167 627 655 697 747 785

Other Ginnie Mae FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

All 12,593 639 658 690 730 765

Bank 2,803 622 656 697 750 778

Non-Bank 9,790 641 659 688 725 759

Ginnie Mae Non-bank Originators: 

June 2017 Credit Box

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of

Agriculture’s Rural Development. Data as of June 2017.

An analysis of recent origination suggests that non-bank originators have considerably lower median borrower FICO 

scores than do bank originators. Overall, the median Ginnie Mae FICO score is 680-- it is 700 for bank borrowers 

versus 675 for non-bank borrowers. For FHA borrowers, the median FICO score for bank originators is 684 versus 

667 for non-banks. For VA borrowers, the median FICO score for bank originators is 726 versus 697 for non-banks. 

For “Other” loans, the median FICO score for bank originators is 697 versus 688 for non-banks.

31
All Ginnie Mae LTV

 

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

98.9

All 174,334 83.0 93.5 96.5 99.5 101.0

100.6

Bank 39,529 85.0 94.8 96.5 100.0 102.2

99.3

Non-Bank

Mean

94.5

134,805 82.4 92.4 96.5 98.1 101.0

94.8

FHA Ginnie Mae LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

94.6

All 106,403 83.8 93.1 96.5 96.5 96.5

Mean

Bank 20,315 86.5 94.8 96.5 96.5 97.3

Non-Bank 92.3

94.0

92.6

86,088 82.8 91.0 96.5 96.5 96.5

Mean

VA Ginnie Mae LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

93.4

All 55,318 79.9 91.4 100.0 101.7 103.0

94.8

Bank 16,390 80.0 93.0 100.0 100.0 103.0

93.7

Non-Bank

Mean

38,928 79.7 91.1 100.0 102.0 103.0

Other Ginnie Mae LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

All 12,613 95.0 99.2 101.0 101.0 102.0

Bank 2,824 97.8 101.0 101.0 102.0 104.0

Non-Bank 9,789 94.3 98.9 100.9 101.0 101.0

Ginnie Mae Non-bank Originators: 

June 2017 Credit Box

An analysis of the loans backing Ginnie Mae origination indicates that there are virtually no differences in median 

LTV ratios between bank originated loans and non-bank originated loans. Mean LTVs for banks are actually 

marginally higher than their non-bank counterparts.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development. In 

May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the financed upfront mortgage insurance premium. To 

make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage insurance premium by subtracting 169 bps from 

this new issuer-reported LTV. Data as of June 2017. 

32
All Ginnie Mae DTI

 

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

34.9 

All 162,077 27.6 34.3 41.4 47.9 53.1 

34.8 

Bank 37,867 26.2 33.0 40.3 46.2 51.7 

34.9 

Non-Bank

Mean

40.4 

124,210 28.0 34.7 41.8 48.3 53.3 

38.7 

FHA Ginnie Mae DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

39.8 

All 100,808 29.0 35.7 42.9 48.9 53.6 

Mean

Bank 19,608 28.2 35.0 41.8 47.2 52.2 

Non-Bank 42.1 

40.7 

41.8 

81,200 29.2 35.9 43.1 49.3 53.8 

Mean

VA Ginnie Mae DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

41.1 

All 48,985 25.9 32.9 40.5 47.2 52.7 

39.5 

Bank 15,696 24.5 31.5 39.3 46.1 51.8 

40.7 

Non-Bank

Mean

33,289 26.7 33.6 41.1 47.7 53.1 

Other Ginnie Mae DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90

All 12,284 25.5 30.5 35.8 40.1 43.1 

Bank 2,563 25.0 30.1 35.6 40.2 43.5 

Non-Bank 9,721 25.7 30.6 35.8 40.1 43.0 

Ginnie Mae Non-bank Originators: 

June 2017 Credit Box

An analysis of the borrowers’ DTI ratios for bank versus non-bank originators indicates the former are very slightly 

more conservative. That is, the median DTI ratio for bank originators is 40.3, versus 41.8 for non-banks.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of

Agriculture’s Rural Development. Data as of June 2017.

33
670

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

Dec-13

Mar-14

Jun-14

Sep-14

Dec-14

Mar-15

Jun-15

Sep-15

Dec-15

Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

Ginnie Mae VA FICO Scores Bank 

vs. Nonbank

VA All Median FICO VA Bank Median FICO

VA Nonbank Median FICO

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originators: 

Historical Credit Box

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note:Data as of June 2017

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing 

and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development.

Data as of June 2017.

The difference in FICO scores between loans originated by banks and non-banks has widened for Ginnie Mae 

loans in June 2017, as the median FICO scores for bank originators increased while the median FICO scores for 

non-bank originators continued to decline for the FHA and VA channels.

660

665

670

675

680

685

690

695

700

705

Dec-13

Mar-14

Jun-14

Sep-14

Dec-14

Mar-15

Jun-15

Sep-15

Dec-15

Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

Ginnie Mae FICO Scores 

Bank vs. Nonbank

34

All Median FICO Bank Median FICO

Nonbank Median FICO

660

665

670

675

680

685

690

695

700

705

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

Ginnie Mae FHA FICO Scores Bank vs. 

Nonbank

FHA All Median FICO FHA Bank Median FICO

FHA Nonbank Median FICO

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

Ginnie Mae Other FICO Scores Bank vs. 

Nonbank

Other All Median FICO Other Bank Median FICO

Other Nonbank Median FICO

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note:Data as of June 2017 Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note:Data as of June 2017
Prepayments

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Jul-11 Jan-12 Jul-12 Jan-13 Jul-13 Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

Aggregate Prepayments

35

Fannie CPR Freddie CPR Ginnie I CPR Ginnie II CPR

12%

18%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

May-15 Jul-15 Sep-15 Nov-15 Jan-16 Mar-16 May-16 Jul-16 Sep-16 Nov-16 Jan-17 Mar-17 May-17 Jul-17

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2015 Issued 3.5 Coupon CPR

Freddie 2015 3.5 Coupon CPR Fannie 2015 3.5 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2015 3.5 Coupon CPR

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

Prepayments on Ginnie Mae securities were lower than on GSE securities from 2011 through mid-2013, but have 

been higher since. These differences hold across all coupon buckets. The differences are especially pronounced on 

more recent production. These increased Ginnie speeds reflect the growing share of VA loans, which prepay at 

faster speeds than FHA loans. This also reflects the fact that FHA streamlined refinances apply to a wide range of 

borrowers and unlike GSE streamlined refinances, requires no credit report and no appraisal. Some of the upfront 

mortgage insurance premium can also be applied to the refinanced loan. Moreover, FHA permits refinancing of 

existing mortgages after 6 months, while the GSEs do not allow refinancing for a year. With the increase in interest 

rates since November 2016, the prepayment speeds for all agencies have slowed down considerably. In 2017, with 

the bulk of the mortgage universe finding it non-economic to refinance, the muted month to month variations in 

speeds reflect seasonality, changes in day count and changes in mortgage interest rates.

16%

14%

11%
Prepayments

10%

15%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Jul-13 Nov-13 Mar-14 Jul-14 Nov-14 Mar-15 Jul-15 Nov-15 Mar-16 Jul-16 Nov-16 Mar-17 Jul-17

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2013 Issued 3.0 Coupon CPR

36

Freddie 2013 3.0 Coupon CPR Fannie 2013 3.0 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2013 3.0 Coupon CPR

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Jul-12 Jan-13 Jul-13 Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2012 Issued 3.5 Coupon CPR

Freddie 2012 3.5 Coupon CPR Fannie 2012 3.5 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2012 3.5 Coupon CPR

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

The 2013 Ginnie II 3.0s are prepaying faster than their conventional counterparts. 2012 Ginnie II 3.5s have been 

faster since mid-2013. The differences accelerated in 2015—potentially due to the FHA mortgage insurance 

premium (MIP) cut. In January 2015 FHA lowered its MIPs from 135 basis points per annum to 85 basis points 

per annum; this gives 2012 and 2013 FHA mortgages taken out with MIPs of 125-135 bps a 40-50 basis point 

rate incentive that conventional mortgages do not have. GSE guarantee fees have gone up over that same period, 

creating a disincentive for conventional loans. Moreover, recent originations are more heavily VA loans, which 

are more prepayment responsive than either FHA or Conventional loans. After a sharp mortgage rate rise in 

November, the prepayment speeds of Ginnie and Conventional loans both fell dramatically. In 2017, with the 

bulk of the mortgage universe finding it non-economic to refinance, the muted month to month variations in 

speeds reflect seasonality, changes in day count and changes in mortgage interest rates

17%

12%
Prepayments

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Jul-11 Jan-12 Jul-12 Jan-13 Jul-13 Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2011 Issued 4.5 Coupon CPR

37

Freddie 2011 4.5 Coupon CPR Fannie 2011 4.5 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2011 4.5 Coupon CPR

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Jul-11 Jan-12 Jul-12 Jan-13 Jul-13 Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2011 Issued 4.0 Coupon CPR

Freddie 2011 4.0 Coupon CPR Fannie 2011 4.0 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2011 4.0 Coupon CPR

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

The 2011 Ginnie II 4.0s and 4.5s have been prepaying faster than their conventional counterparts since late 

2013. Faster VA mortgage prepays plus simplifications to the FHA streamlined programs in 2013 are likely 

contributors to the faster speeds. However, as mortgage rates rose sharply since November 2016, the speeds 

for all agencies have slowed down considerably. The speeds trended up for all agencies since March 2017, 

mostly due to the recent decline in rates and a normal seasonal uptick. In July, the rates rose up again and the 

speeds slowed down slightly for all agencies.

18%

15%

14%

20%

16%
Reverse Mortgage Volumes

$0.8

$0.0

$0.2

$0.4

$0.6

$0.8

$1.0

$1.2

$1.4

$1.6

$1.8

Dec-09

Feb-10

Apr-10

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Apr-11

Jun-11

Aug-11

Oct-11

Dec-11

Feb-12

Apr-12

Jun-12

Aug-12

Oct-12

Dec-12

Feb-13

Apr-13

Jun-13

Aug-13

Oct-13

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

$ Billions

HMBS Issuance Volume

Sources

Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017

$55.0

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

: 

$50

$60

Dec-09

Feb-10

Apr-10

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Apr-11

Jun-11

Aug-11

Oct-11

Dec-11

Feb-12

Apr-12

Jun-12

Aug-12

Oct-12

Dec-12

Feb-13

Apr-13

Jun-13

Aug-13

Oct-13

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

$ Billions

HMBS Outstanding

Other Ginnie Mae Programs

Sources

: Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017

Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage volumes remain steady, with issuance of $0.8 billion in June. Outstanding 

securities totaled $55.0 billion in June.

38
Multifamily Market

$1.7

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

Dec-09

Feb-10

Apr-10

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Apr-11

Jun-11

Aug-11

Oct-11

Dec-11

Feb-12

Apr-12

Jun-12

Aug-12

Oct-12

Dec-12

Feb-13

Apr-13

Jun-13

Aug-13

Oct-13

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

$ Billions

Ginnie Mae Multifamily MBS Issuance

Mae Mul di

: Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017

$103.7

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

Dec-09

Feb-10

Apr-10

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Apr-11

Jun-11

Aug-11

Oct-11

Dec-11

Feb-12

Apr-12

Jun-12

Aug-12

Oct-12

Dec-12

Feb-13

Apr-13

Jun-13

Aug-13

Oct-13

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

$ Billions

Ginnie Mae M tifamily MBS Outstand ng

Other Ginnie Mae Programs

Sources

Sources: Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017.

Ginnie Mae multifamily issuance volumes in June totaled $1.7 billion. Outstanding multifamily securities totaled

$103.7 billion in June.

39
Market Conditions

Sources: SIFMA and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

$204 

$529 

$32 

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017

40

$ Billions

Average Daily Fixed Income Trading Volume by Sector

SF Agency MBS trading vol ($B) Treasury trading volume ($B) Corporates trading volume ($B)

3.35%

3.70%

0.38%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017

Average Daily Turnover by Sector

Agency MBS Turnover Treasury Turnover Corporates Turnover

Agency MBS trading volume and turnover in 2017 has been slightly more robust than in the 2014-2015 period, 

and slightly less robust than 2016. In the first seven months of 2017, daily MBS turnover was 3.35 percent 

versus 3.55 percent in 2016 and 3.34 percent in 2015. Note that average daily Treasury turnover is also down 

dramatically from its 2005 peak. Corporate turnover is miniscule relative to either Agency MBS or Treasury 

turnover.

Sources: SIFMA and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017
Market Conditions

Bil

$220.7

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

lions $ Billi

Repo Volume: Securities In

41

$58.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Billions $

Dealer Net Positions: Federal Agency and GSE MBS

Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of New York Primary Dealer Statistics and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of New York Primary Dealer Statistics and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

Dealer net positions in Agency MBS are currently within the recent range, although gross positions may well 

be down more. The volume of repurchase activity is down sharply. This reflects banks cutting back on lower 

margin businesses.
MBS Ownership

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q1 2012Q1 2013Q1 2014Q1 2015Q1 2016Q1 2017 Q1

GSEs

Commercial Banks

Federal Reserve

Broker/Dealers

REITs

Other

Who owns Total Agency Debt?

Mutual 

Funds

Money Market and Pension Funds

Sources: Federal Reserve Flow of Funds and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2017.

Credit Unions

Foreign Investors

The largest holders of agency debt (Agency MBS + agency debt) include the Federal Reserve (21 percent), 

commercial banks (20 percent) and foreign investors (11 percent). The broker/dealer and GSE shares are a 

fraction of what they once were.

% of Total Agency 

Debt by Owner

42
MBS Ownership

Debt,

household

$9,833

mortgages,

Sources: eMBS, Federal Reserve Flow of Funds, and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2017.

72.0%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q1 2012Q1 2013Q1 2014Q1 2015Q1 2016Q1 2017 Q1

Percent of MBS over Outstanding Agency Debt

MBS Share of Total Agency Debt

Sources: Federal Reserve Bank and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of July 2017

As Fannie and Freddie reduce the size of their retained portfolio, less agency debt is required to fund that activity, 

hence the MBS share of total agency debt increases. For Q1 2017, the MBS share of total agency debt stood at 72.0 

percent. Commercial banks are the second largest holders of Agency MBS behind the Federal Reserve. Out of their 

$1.8 trillion in holdings as of the end of July, $1.3 trillion of it was held by the top 25 domestic banks.

43

Commercial Bank Holdings ($Billions) Week Ending

Jun-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul 5 Jul 12 Jul 19 Jul 26

Largest Domestic 

Banks 1160.9 1216.9 1223.6 1229.2 1231.4 1239.7 1258.2 1273.9 1279 1283.4 1287.1 1291.4

Small Domestic 

Banks 436.3 452.3 457.4 458.7 461.4 463.7 467.2 468.2 470.8 473.3 474.2 473.7

Foreign Related 

Banks 14 12.5 12.7 13 13 12.6 11.8 12.9 12.5 12.4 13.1 13

Total, 

Seasonally

Adjusted 1611.2 1681.7 1693.7 1700.9 1705.8 1716 1737.2 1755 1762.3 1769.1 1774.4 1778.1
MBS Ownership

o

Debt,

househ ld

mortgages,

$9,833

Top Bank & Thrift Residential MBS Investors Total ($MM) GSE PT ($MM)

GNMA PT 

($MM)

Agency REMIC 

($MM)

Non-Agency 

($MM)

Market 

Share

1 Bank of America Corporation $310,551 $177,393 $118,070 $14,440 $648 17.6%

2 Wells Fargo & Company $207,152 $163,855 $30,559 $5,378 $7,360 11.8%

3 JP Morgan Chase & Co. $104,125 $69,311 $21,024 $628 $13,162 5.9%

4 U S. Bancorp. $79,237 $29,118 $10,521 $39,597 $2 4.5%

5 Charles Schwab Bank $63,351 $38,097 $9,533 $15,721 $0 3.6%

6 Citi Group Inc. $60,717 $45,874 $331 $9,241 $5,271 3.4%

7 Capital One Financial Corporation $51,675 $17,844 $9,995 $22,124 $1,751 2.9%

8 Bank of New York Mellon Corp. $50,209 $30,533 $2,066 $15,060 $2,550 2.8%

9 PNC Bank, National Association $41,956 $29,782 $5,180 $3,601 $3,393 2.4%

10 Branch Banking and Trust Company $34,897 $9,732 $3,563 $20,959 $643 2.0%

11 State Street Bank and Trust Company $29,920 $3,852 $6,777 $10,253 $9,038 1.7%

Morgan Stanley $25,059 $10,084 $6,669 $8,306 $0 1.4%

12 KeyBank National Association $24,692 $1,003 $1,339 $22,350 $0 1.4%

SunTrust Bank $22,399 $12,125 $10,201 $0.4 $71 1.3%

13 HSBC Bank USA, National Association $20,843 $7,468 $5,338 $8,022 $6 1.2%

16 E*TRADE Bank $20,581 $11,650 $3,966 $4,966 $0 1.2%

17 Regions Bank $18,641 $11,112 $5,495 $2,030 $4 1.1%

18 Fifth Third Bank $16,244 $3,735 $3,951 $8,558 $0 0.9%

19 MUFG Union Bank, National Association $16,044 $5,340 $4,963 $5,314 $427 0.9%

20 Santander Bank, N.A. $15,671 $3,718 $3,413 $8,541 $0 0.9%

Total Top 20 $1,213,964 $681,626 $262,954 $225,089 $44,326 68.90%

Sources: Inside Mortgage Finance and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2017

Out of the $1.8 trillion in MBS holdings at banks and thrifts, $1.3 trillion is in agency pass-through form: $950.7 

billion in GSE pass-throughs and $329.9 billion in Ginnie Mae pass-throughs. There are another $419.3 billion in 

Agency CMOs. Non-agency holdings total $62.4 billion. Ginnie Mae pass-throughs have been the fastest growing 

sector in the past 2 years. Bank and thrift holdings of MBS are very concentrated, with the top 20 holders 

accounting for 69 percent of the total, and the top 5 holders accounting for 43 percent of the total.

44

All Banks & Thrifts ($Billions)

Total Agency MBS GSE PT GNMA PT Agency CMO Private MBS Private CMO

2000 $683.90 $392.85 $234.01 $84.26 $198.04 $21.57 $71.43 

2001 $810.50 $459.78 $270.59 $109.53 $236.91 $37.62 $76.18 

2002 $912.36 $557.43 $376.11 $101.46 $244.98 $20.08 $89.88 

2003 $982.08 $619.02 $461.72 $75.11 $236.81 $19.40 $106.86 

2004 $1,113.89 $724.61 $572.40 $49.33 $208.18 $20.55 $160.55 

2005 $1,139.68 $708.64 $566.81 $35.92 $190.70 $29.09 $211.25 

2006 $1,207.09 $742.28 $628.52 $31.13 $179.21 $42.32 $243.28 

2007 $1,236.00 $678.24 $559.75 $31.58 $174.27 $26.26 $357.24 

2008 $1,299.76 $820.12 $638.78 $100.36 $207.66 $12.93 $259.04 

2009 $1,345.74 $854.40 $629.19 $155.00 $271.17 $7.53 $212.64 

2010 $1,433.38 $847.13 $600.80 $163.13 $397.30 $7.34 $181.61 

2011 $1,566.88 $917.10 $627.37 $214.81 $478.82 $3.28 $167.70 

2012 $1,578.86 $953.76 $707.87 $242.54 $469.27 $17.16 $138.67 

2013 $1,506.60 $933.73 $705.97 $231.93 $432.60 $26.11 $114.15

1Q14 $1,574.44 $1,029.68 $713.50 $232.44 $500.09 $27.08 $104.97

2Q14 $1,526.12 $951.82 $717.27 $232.75 $445.17 $24.72 $104.41

3Q14 $1,534.59 $951.99 $725.96 $226.03 $447.46 $21.89 $113.24

4Q14 $1,539.32 $964.16 $733.71 $230.45 $449.90 $20.33 $104.94

1Q15 $1,579.21 $1,012.26 $767.71 $244.55 $455.47 $17.70 $93.78

2Q15 $1,583.22 $1,032.26 $784.22 $248.05 $445.91 $16.47 $88.57

3Q15 $1,608.44 $1,064.67 $805.05 $259.62 $447.01 $13.60 $83.16

4Q15 $1,643.56 $1,115.40 $823.10 $292.30 $445.39 $11.14 $71.63

1Q16 $1,660.58 $1,133.29 $833.25 $300.04 $448.63 $10.27 $68.39 

2Q 16 $1,684.33 $1,169.67 $867.64 $302.03 $440.25 $9.11 $65.29

3Q16 $1,732.36 $1,227.52 $924.81 $302.71 $435.77 $7.90 $61.17

4Q16 $1,736.93 $1,254.13 $930.67 $323.46 $419.80 $7.40 $55.60

1Q17 $1,762.38 $1,280.63 $950.72 $329.91 $419.34 $7.03 $55.39

Bank and Thrift Residential MBS Holdings
MBS Ownership

$859.1

$380.1

$479.0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Dec-12

Feb-13

Apr-13

Jun-13

Aug-13

Oct-13

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

$ Billions

Monthly Agency MBS Holdings by Foreigners

Total Agency MBS Held by Foreigners Foreign Official Foreign Private

Sources: Treasury International Capital (TIC) and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of April 2017.

Sources: SIFMA and Treasury International Capital (TIC). Note: Data as of Q1 2017.

45

14.0%

10.0%

10.5%

11.0%

11.5%

12.0%

12.5%

13.0%

13.5%

14.0%

14.5%

15.0%

Q1 2012Q2 2012Q3 2012Q4 2012Q1 2013Q2 2013Q3 2013Q4 2013Q1 2014Q2 2014Q3 2014Q4 2014Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4 2015Q1 2016Q2 2016Q3 2016Q4 2016Q1 2017

Percent of Agency MBS Owned by Foreigners

Foreign Share of Agency MBS

Foreign investors hold 14.0 percent of agency MBS, up considerably from the lows in 2013. For the month of 

April, this represents $859.1 billion in agency MBS, $380.1 billion held by official institutions and $479.0 billion 

held by private investors.
MBS Ownership

Level of Holdings ($ Millions) Change in Holdings ($ Millions)

Country Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Apr-17 Q3 2016 Q4 2016 Q1 2017 Apr-17

Taiwan 207,000 208,352 204,005 212,482 222,589 1,352 -4,347 8,477 10,107

China 196,000 191,743 184,151 187,664 182,530 -4,257 -7,592 3,513 -5,134

Japan 197,000 222,116 220,644 215,327 222,180 25,116 -1,472 -5,317 6,853

Ireland 48,000 48,307 47,065 46,194 45,814 307 -1,242 -871 -380

Luxembourg 32,000 32,549 35,352 29,119 28,434 549 2,803 -6,233 -685

Cayman Islands 31,000 30,686 30,186 29,012 27,169 -314 -500 -1,174 -1,843

Switzerland 17,000 20,638 15,626 15,917 16,057 3,638 -5,012 291 140

United Kingdom 10,000 10,520 9,578 9,335 9,028 520 -942 -243 -307

Canada 6,000 6,578 5,047 5,250 5,481 578 -1,531 203 231

Belgium 5,000 4,336 4,597 4,712 5,324 -664 261 115 612

Rest of World 206,000 208,604 208,353 189,413 190,403 2,604 -251 -18,940 990

Total 955,000 984,429 964,604 944,425 955,009 29,429 -19,825 -20,179 10,584

Agency MBS+ Agency Debt

Agency MBS Only (Estimates)

*calculated based on June 2016 report with amount asset 

backed per country

Sources :Treasury International Capital (TIC) and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of April 2017.

The single largest foreign holders of agency MBS are Taiwan, China and Japan; these three countries comprise 

around 70 percent of all foreign holdings. Since June of 2016, we estimate Taiwan and Japan have expanded their 

holdings while China has contracted. Our estimates indicate that Japan has been the single largest buyer of MBS 

between June 2016 and April 2017, adding $29 billion over the 10-month period.

46

Level of Holdings ($Millions)* Change in Holdings ($Millions)*

Country Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Apr-17 Q3 2016 Q4 2016 Q1 2017 Apr-17

Taiwan 207,000 208,352 204,005 212,482 222,589 1,352 -4,347 8,477 10,107

China 187,000 184,579 179,137 185,778 181,547 -2,421 -5,442 6,641 -4,231

Japan 185,000 207,491 207,653 207,776 214,497 22,491 162 124 6,720

Ireland 38,000 38,551 37,765 37,912 37,670 551 -787 148 -243

Luxembourg 27,000 27,660 30,260 25,434 24,875 660 2,600 -4,825 -559

Cayman Islands 23,000 22,922 22,667 22,205 20,601 -78 -254 -463 -1,604

Switzerland 12,000 15,188 11,020 11,570 11,731 3,188 -4,167 550 160

United Kingdom 8,000 8,502 7,756 7,722 7,465 502 -746 -33 -258

Canada 4,000 4,526 3,252 3,518 3,737 526 -1,274 266 219

Belgium 2,000 1,467 1,713 1,901 2,464 -533 246 188 563

Rest of World 139,000 142,457 143,461 130,681 131,968 3,457 1,004 -12,779 1,287

Total 832,000 861,694 848,688 846,981 859,143 29,694 -13,006 -1,707 12,162
MBS Ownership

0

50

100

150

200

250

Dec-09

Feb-10

Apr-10

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Apr-11

Jun-11

Aug-11

Oct-11

Dec-11

Feb-12

Apr-12

Jun-12

Aug-12

Oct-12

Dec-12

Feb-13

Apr-13

Jun-13

Aug-13

Oct-13

Dec-13

Feb-14

Apr-14

Jun-14

Aug-14

Oct-14

Dec-14

Feb-15

Apr-15

Jun-15

Aug-15

Oct-15

Dec-15

Feb-16

Apr-16

Jun-16

Aug-16

Oct-16

Dec-16

Feb-17

Apr-17

Jun-17

$ Billions

Total Fed Absorption

47

Gross Issuance Total Fed Purchases

0

50

100

150

200

250

Dec-09

Jun-10

Dec-10

Jun-11

Dec-11

Jun-12

Dec-12

Jun-13

Dec-13

Jun-14

Dec-14

Jun-15

Dec-15

Jun-16

Dec-16

Jun-17

$ Billions

Fed Absorption of GSE MBS

Gross Issuance Total Fed Purchases

Sources: eMBS, Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017.

Sources: eMBS, Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Urban 

Institute. Note: Data as of June 2017.

Sources: eMBS, Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of June 2017.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Dec-09

Mar-10

Jun-10

Sep-10

Dec-10

Mar-11

Jun-11

Sep-11

Dec-11

Mar-12

Jun-12

Sep-12

Dec-12

Mar-13

Jun-13

Sep-13

Dec-13

Mar-14

Jun-14

Sep-14

Dec-14

Mar-15

Jun-15

Sep-15

Dec-15

Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

$ Billions

Fed Absorption of Ginnie Mae MBS

Total Fed Purchases Gross Issuance

In October 2014, the Fed ended its purchase program, but continued buying at a significantly reduced level, 

reinvesting funds from pay downs on mortgages and agency debt into the mortgage market. Since then, the Fed’s 

absorption of gross issuance has been between 20 and 30 percent; it was 22.5% percent for June 2017. During 

this month, the Fed has been buying Ginnie Mae securities and GSE securities at similar rates. Over the past year, 

the Fed has absorbed an average of 25.1 percent of GSE issuance and 23.7 percent of Ginnie Mae issuance. In 

their June 2017 meeting, the Fed announced a portfolio wind down strategy for both MBS and Treasury's that is 

expected to be implemented later this year.
All the information contained in this document is as of date Indicated unless otherwise noted. The

information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. All

information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed.

The views expressed in this material are the views of Urban Institute and State Street Global Advisors as

of August 15, 2017 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document

contains certain statements that may be deemed forward‐looking statements. Please note that any such

statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ

materially from those projected.   

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