S ee Te x. R. App . P. 47. 4. 1 A n a ppeal from a t em porar y i nvol unt ar

y c om m i t m entorder doe s not 2 b e c o m e m o o t w h e n th e c o m m i tm e n t te rm e x p i re s . S ta te v . K .E .W , No. 09- 023 6, 2010 W L 263598 1, at*3 (Tex. Jul y 2, 2010 ) (ci t i ng St at e v . Lo dge , 6 0 8 S .W .2 d 9 1 0 , 9 1 2 (T e x . 1 9 8 0 )).



## COURT OFAPPEA LS SE COND DIST RIC TOF TE XAS FORT WORTH NO. 2 - 1 0 - 1 4 9 - CV IN T H E M A T T E R O F T .J .H .

----- ----- -- FR O M CO UN TY CO URT AT LAW NO . 1 OF W I CH I TA CO UN TY

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### MEMORANDU M OPI NI ON 1

----- ----- -- I . I nt roduc t i on I n one i ssue, A ppel l ant T. J. H . chal l enges t he l egal and fact ual suf fi ci ency of t he evi den ce t o s upport her i nvol unt ar y c om m i t m entfor

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y i npa t i ent m e n ta l h e a l th s e rv i c e s . W e a ffirm . 2M c M i l l i a m ’sh o s p i ta l c o n s u l ta ti o n n o te s s e t o u t th e fo l l o w i n g s u m m a ry 3 before recom m endi ng t hatT. J. H . be “Sent I nvol untar y”: A 4 8 y e a r

o ld fe m a le e v a lu a t e d fo r d e lu s io n s a n d h a llu c in a t io n s . S h e is comba t i v e a n d a g g re s s i v e . S h e i s h a v i n g d e l u s i o n s a n d h a l l u c i nat i ons t ha th e r da ug ht e r

i s he re w i t h he r . She [ i s ] u nc oo pe ra t i ve w i t h M HM R. S he has del usi ons t hatshe w as t ort ured. H er t hou ghtsare di sorgani zed and [ sh e] ha s a hard t i m e ans w eri ng ques t i ons [ . ] She t al ksaboutki l l i ng peo pl e a nd s om eon e t r yi ng t o k i l l he r . S he w asbroughtup to t he ER by pol i ce[ ; ] she had broken i nt o a house. 2 I I . Fa ct ual an d Proce dural Bac kground A l l o f th e fo l l o w i n g d o c u m e n ts re fe re n c e d b e l o w w e re i n th e tri a l c o u rt’s fi l e att he t i m e of

t he M ay 3, 20 10 hear i ng. The t r i al courtt ook j udi ci al not i ce of t he fi l e’ s con t ents bef ore t he hea r i ng be gan . O n Apr i l 15, 201 0, at around 10: 45 a . m . , Pec an V al l ey M ent al H ea l t h a nd M e n tal R e tard a ti o n ( M H M R ) i n ten sive ca se m a n a g e r D a m o n M c M i l l i am m e t w i th T .J .H . H e n o te d h i s i m p re s s i o n s a n d th e n fi l e d a s w o rn a p p l i c a ti o n fo r T .J .H .’s 3 e m e rg e n c y a p p re h e n s io n a n d d e t e n t io n , s t a t in g t h a tT .J .H . w a s d e lu s io n a l, havi ng hal l uci nat i ons, yel l i ng, m aki ng t hreat s and rem arks abou tki l l i ng peo pl e, a n d c u rs i n g a t s ta ff a n d p o l i c e . S ee Te x . He a l t h & S a fe ty Code A nn. § 5 7 3 .0 1 1 (

V e rno n 2 0 1 0 ). A m a g i strate i m m e d i a tel y i ss u e d a m e n tal h e a l th w arrantfor

em ergen cy det ent i on, orderi ng t hatT. J. H . be ap prehe nde d a ndThes e a re a l so t he cr i t eri a s etouti n he al t h a nd s afety c ode s ec t i on 4 574 . 011 rega rdi ng t he fi ndi ngst hata ce rt i fi ca t e of m edi ca l ex am i nat i on for m ent al i l l nes s m us ti ncl ude, a nd i n s ec t i on 574. 034 w i t h rega rd t o w hatt he fac tfi n d e r m u st fi n d b y clea r an d co n v i n c i n g ev i d e n c e for a p rop o se d p a ti e n t t o re c e iv e c o u rt-o rd e re d te m p o ra ry i n p a ti e n t m e n ta l h e a l th s e rv i c e s . Se e i d. § § 5 7 4 .0 1 1 , .0 3 4 (V e rn o n 2 0 1 0 ). 3 tra n s p o rte d to th e N o rth T e x a s S ta te H o s p i ta l (N T S H ) i n W i c h i ta F a l l s . See i d. § 5 7 3 .0 1 2 (V e rn o n 2 0 1 0 ). O n A pr i l 16 , a sw or n a p p l i cat i on for t em porar

y court - ordered m ent al h e a l th s e rv i c e s w a s fi l e d , a l l e g i n g th a t T .J .H . i s l i k e l y t o c a u s e s e ri o u s h a rm to o th e rs ; (O R ) i s s u ffe ri n g s e v e re and ab norm al m ent al , em ot i ona l or phy si ca l di st res s; ex peri enc i ng su b sta n ti a l m e n ta l or p h y sica l d e teri o rati o n o f his/he r ab i l i ty to functi on i ndep enden t l y, w hi ch i s exhi bi t ed by t he propo sed pat i ent ’ s i nab i l i ty, ex ce ptfor rea so nsof

i ndi gen ce , to provi de for t he proposed pa t i ent ’ s nee ds , i ncl udi ng food, cl ot hi ng, he al t h, or sa fety an d n o t a b l e to m a k e rati o n a l a n d i n fo rm e d d e c i sion s a s to w h e th e r t o su b m i t t o tre a tm e n t. 4 S ee id . § § 5 7 4 . 0 0 1 – . 0 0 2 ( Ve rn o n 2 0 1 0 ) . Asn o t e d o n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n , T . J . H. w as notcharged w i t h any cr i m i nal of fense. T h e S t a t e fi l e d a mo t i o n fo r a n o rd e r

o f p ro t e c t i v e c u s t od y of T . J . H. p e n d i n g re s o l u ti o n o f th e c a s e , a n d th e tri a l c o u rt g ra n te d i t. S e e i d . § 574 . 021 ( V er non 20 10 ) . The t r i al courtappoi nt ed an at t or ney t o representT. J. H . , set dat es for

a probab l e cause hear i ng a nd t he appl i cat i on hear i ng, and i ssued n o ti c e to T .J .H . S e e i d . §§ 57 4. 003 , . 005 –. 006 , . 025 ( V ernon 2010) . Att heT. J. H . ’ s add i t i ona l s t at em ents i ncl ude d by D r . Jai n w ere, “ H e k i l l ed m e 5 and at e a l l m y pa nt s” an d “I w i l l ki l l t he gua rd. ” D r . Ja i n a l so s t at ed t haton 4 p ro b a b le c a u s e h e a r in g , t h e h e a r in g o f fic e r d e t e rm in e d t h a tt h e re w a s p ro b a b le cause to bel i eve t hatT . J. H . p resent ed a sub st ant i al ri sk of har m t o ot hers such t hats he cou l d notbe atl i berty pendi ng t he fi nal hear i ng a nd ordered t hats he c o n ti n u e to b e d e ta i n e d a t N T S H . S e e i d . § 574 . 025. The rec ord co nt ai nstw o s w orn c ert i fi ca t esof m edi ca l ex am i nat i on for m e n ta l i l l n e s s . S e e i d . § 574. 009 (Ve rn o n 2 0 1 0 ) . Dr. S a ty a m J a i n , M . D. i ss ued t he fi rst , averr i ng t hathe had exam i ned T . J. H . on Apr i l 15 atN TSH an d t hathe had di agno sed her w i t h schi zoaf

fect i ve di sorder . H e st at ed t hat , as a resul t o f h e r i l l ness, T. J. H . w as l i kel y t o cause ser i ous har m t o ot hers or w as suf fer i ng severe and abno r m al m ent al , em o ti o n a l , or physi cal di st ress; w as e x p e ri e n c i n g su b sta n ti a l m e n tal o r ph y sica l d e teri o rati o n o f he r ab i l i ty to func t i on i nde pen den t l y, ex hi bi t ed by h er i nab i l i ty, ex ce ptfor rea so nsof i ndi gen ce , t o provi de for he r ne eds , i ncl udi ng food, cl ot hi ng, he al t h, or s afety; a n d w a s u n a b l e to m a k e a ra ti o n a l a n d i n fo rm e d d e c i sion as to w h e th e r t o s u b m i t to tre a tm e n t. S e e i d . § 5 7 4 .0 1 1 (a )(7 ). D r . Jai n setoutt he fol l ow i ng fact ual basi s for hi s op i ni on: T. J. H . w as “p sy cho t i c a nd de l us i ona l , s w ear i ng a nd c ursi ng on [ si c] a gua rd ( i m agi nar y) and w ant s t o ki l l hi m because he ki l l ed her . ” H e st at ed t hathe bel i eved t hat 5A pr i l 15, T. J. H . ac t ed asfol l ow s: “ cursi ng, s crea m i ng[ ; ] una bl e t o fol l ow

di rect i on[ ; ] unabl e t o gi ve answ ers and provi de hi st ory[ ; ] respond i ng t o i nt ernal st i m ul i , ” and t hatt he m ent al s t at us ex am i nat i on reve al ed t he fol l ow i ng: “ a g i ta te d , a n g ry , sh o u ti n g [;] m o o d d y s p h o ri c [;] re s p o n d i n g to i n te rn a l s ti m u l i [;] p o o r i n s i g h t a n d j u d g m e n t.” 5 T. J. H . pres ent ed a s ubs t ant i al r i sk of s eri ou s ha r m t o he rse l f or ot hers i f

not i m m e d i a te l y re s tra i n e d , b a s e d o n h e r b e h a v i o r a n d “ b y e v id e n c e o f s e v e re em ot i onal di st ress and det er i orat i on i n [ her] m ent al condi t i on t o t he ext entt hat [ sh e] ca nnotrem ai n at l i berty. ” H e rec om m end ed i npa t i enthos pi t al i z at i on a nd noted t hatT. J. H . had had m ul t i pl e previ ous psychi at r i c hospi t al i zat i ons. D r . C eci l e S ol i ven, M . D . i ssued t he ot her cert i fi cat e of m e d i cal exa m i nat i on for

m ent al i l l nes s, s t at i ng t hats he eva l uat ed T. J. H . on Apr i l 26 and di agn os ed her

w i t h “ chroni c s chi z ophreni a, undi f ferent i at ed. ” A s a res ul tof T. J. H . ’ s i l l nes s, D r . Sol i ven found t hatT. J. H . w ass uf feri ng s eve re a nd abno r m al m ent al , em ot i onal , or physi cal di st ress; w as exper i enci ng subst ant i al m ent al or

physi cal det er i orat i on of her abi l i ty t o fu n ct i on i ndep enden t l y as e x h i b i ted b y h e r i n a b i l i ty to p rov i d e for h e r ba sic n e e d s; an d w a s u n a b l e to m a k e a ra ti o n a l an d i n fo rm e d d e c i sion as to w h e th e r to su b m i t t o tre a tm e n t. D r . S ol i ven base d her opi ni on on t he fol l ow i ng: “St i l l de l us i ona l , unk em pt , poor s e l f care, co nfl i cted fam i l y su pp ort , no i ns i gh t , po or j ud gm en t , st ron g h i sto ryD r. S o li v e n in c lu d e d T .J .H .’s q u e s tio n s , “ W h e re is m y d a u g h te r? ” a n d “ Is 6 sh e h ere? ” and des cr i pt i ons (“tal ki ng t o uns ee n ot hers” an d “ nee di ng prom pt i ng to sh o w e r[ ;] w a l k i n g w i th o u t bra o n [; ] p o o r se l f c a re[; ] a l e rt , g u a rde d , d i sta n t, fl atan d bl unt ed af fect [ , ] del us i ona l [ ; ] no i ns i ght , poor j udgm ent [ ; ] no s u i c i d a l /h o m i c i d a l i d e a ti o n s .” 6 of nonco m pl i ance. ” D r . So l i ven recom m ended i npati entt reat m ent“for furt her 6 st abi l i zat i on. ” O n A p ri l 2 7 , B e c k y R . P h il l i p s, the P e c a n V a l l e y M H M R M e n tal H e a l th C ont i nui ty of

Care Coordi nat or, fi l ed t he art i cl e 574. 012 al t ernat i ve t rea t m ent re c o m m e n d a t io n fo r T .J .H . S h e in d ic a t e d t h a tT .J .H ., w h o h a d b e e n liv in g in a g rou p ho m e i n Fo rtW ort h, h ad be e n a n M HM R c l i e nti n Te xa s s i nc e 1990 , had been d i a g n o sed w i t h schi zophreni a, and had b een hospi t al i zed on an em ergency b asi s on fo u rt een ot her occasi ons. Phi l l i ps recom m ended t hat T. J. H . be hospi t al i zed atN TS H for a per i od no tt o exceed ni nety days. A tt he M ay 3 hea r i ng, D r . Sol i ven t es t i fi ed t hatT. J. H . w asad m i t t ed on Ap r i l 1 5 , t h a t T . J . H. wa s s t i l l h e r p a t i e n t , t h a th e r wo rk i n g d i a g n o s i s o f T . J . H. w a s “ c h ro n ic s c h iz o p h re n ia u n d if fe re n t ia t e d ty p e ,” a n d t h a tT .J .H .’ s la s tv is it t o NT S H b e fo re t h i s l a t e s ti n c i d e n tw a s i n M a rc h 20 1 0 . S h e s t a t e d t h a tT . J . H. had been t o N TS H “num erous t i m es. ” D r . So l i ven t est i fi ed t hats he bel i eved T. J. H . w as st i l l del usi on a l a n d thatT. J. H . had refused her m edi cat i on t hat m o rn i n g , c o n ti n u e d to p re s e n t a n i n a p p ro p ri a te a ffe c t (d i s ta n t , u n e n g a g e d ),D r. S o l i v e n a d d e d th a t i f T .J .H . c o n ti n u e d to re fu s e h e r m e d i c a ti o n , D r. 7 S ol i ven m i ght “be pressured t o go for court - ordered m eds. ” S ee T e x . H e a l th & S a fe ty C o d e A n n . § 5 7 4 .1 0 4 (V e rn o n 2 0 1 0 ). 7 show ed poo r

sel f- cl eani ng and sel f- care, and requi red redi rect i on. She tes t i fi ed t h a tT .J .H . w a s n o ts h o w in g a n y in s ig h tin t o h e r m e n t a l illn e s s a n d t h a t , w h ile T .J.H . w a s n o t ac ti v e l y su i c i d a l , “d u e to h e r [l a c k o f] i n sigh t an d [ i n a b i l i ty] to ta k e c a re o f h e rs e l f, s h e m a y b e .” D r. S o l i v e n tes ti fi e d tha t w i th reg a rd to p re s e n ti n g a ri sk o f ha rm to o t h e rs , T . J . H. h a d n o tb e e n a gg re s s i v e o r h o mi c i d a l t o wa rd o t h e rs a tNT S H. H o w e v e r, i f n o t tre a te d , sh e w a rn e d th a t T .J .H . w o u l d c o n ti n u e t o s u ffe r s e v e re m ent al , em ot i o n a l , o r physi cal di st ress and cont i nue t o exper i ence a det er i orat i on of her

abi l i ty t o functi on i ndep enden t l y. S he answ ered “no, ” w hen a sk e d w h e th e r T .J.H . c o u ld m a k e a ra ti o n a l an d i n fo rm e d d e c i sion as to w het her

t o s ubm i tt o t rea t m ent , an d s he rec om m end ed con t i nue d i npa t i ent hospi t al i zat i on “w i t h furt her adj ust m entof

her m edi cat i on and psychosoci al t herapy groups ” ast he propos ed cou rse of t rea t m entan d l ea stres t r i ct i ve set t i ng for

T. J. H . att hi s t i m e. 7 T. J. H . t e s t i fi e d on h e r o w n be ha l f. W he n a s k e d w he t he r s he w as h o m e le s s p r i o r

t o h e r c u r re n ts t a y a tN T S H , s h e re s p o n d e d , “ R ig h t . I liv e d in a group hom e. ” S he st at ed t hatshe di d notfee l l i ke s he m i ghthurthe rse l f orI n v e g a , w h i c h i s t h e b ra n d n a m e o f p a l i p e r i d o n e , “ i s u s e d t o t re a tt he 8 sym pt om s of

schi zophreni a (a m ent al i l l ness t hatcau ses di st ur bed or unusual t hi nk i ng, l oss o f

i nt e re s ti n l i fe , a nd s t ron g or i na pp rop r i a t e e m ot i on s ) . ” U. S. N a t io n a l L i b ra ry o f M e d i c i n e , N a ti o n a l In s ti tu te s o f H e a l th , P a l i p e r i d o ne , a v a i l a b l e at h ttp ://w w w .n c b i .n l m .n i h .g o v /p u b m e d h e a l th /P M H 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 . 8 a n y o n e e ls e , a n d s h e a s k e d t o b e re l e a s e d . T .J .H . s t a t e d t h a th e r p la n , if rel ea se d, w as t o ret urn t o St eph env i l l e t o l i ve. W hen as ke d w hats he w oul d do t here, s he t es t i fi ed, I ha ve b us i nes s I ne ed t o t ak e c are o f. I ha ve a b unc h of pap er w ork I ne ed t o a t t end w i t h M H M R. I w ork a tt he H ous t on o ffi c e . I fl y b a c k a n d fo rt h d o w n th e re to w o rk, an d tha t’ s w h a t I need t o do r i ght now . I need a pl ace to l i v e . I ’ m ext rem el y t i red from st ayi ng i n D al l as for tw o years. I n res ponse t o he r

co uns el ’ s que st i on a boutw het her s he w oul d ha ve any p ro b l e m c h e c k i n g i n w i th M H M R i f s h e w e re re l e a s e d , T .J .H . re p l i e d , ”N o , I w o u l d n ’t. E v e ry ti m e th e y c a l l e d m e , I w o u l d b e th e re .” T. J. H . de ni ed refus i ng t o t ak e h er m edi ca t i on t hatm orni ng, st at i ng,

“ S h e ’sg o t m e o n P ro z a c . S h e ’s g o t m e o n tw o d i ffe re n t a n ti d e p re s s a n ts . I cho se t he Prozac t o t ak e t he— cho se t he Proz ac , t o t ak e t he Proz ac , an d I dropp ed t he I nvega— . . . t o keep m e from g et t i ng so h yper . ” T . J. H . t est i fi ed 8 t hati f rel eased, she w oul d t ake her m edi ci ne, she w oul d t ake w h a tever t hey to l d h e r t o , a n d sh e fel t l i k e sh e co u l d tak e ca re o f he rse l f. O n c ros s- exa m i nat i on, T. J. H . ga ve t he fol l ow i ng t es t i m ony:9

Q . [Y ]ou sa i d tha t i f yo u w e re rel e a se d , y o u w o u l d co n ti n u e to t ak e y our

m edi ca t i on? A . Y e s , ma ’ a m. Q . Y etyou’ re al ready refusi ng t o t ake your m edi cati ons, even w h ile y o u ’re in t h e h o s p it a l? A . I a s k e d h e r

fo r t h e In v e g a — fo r

a n t i— Q . . . . I don’ tt hi nk yo u unde rstood m y qu es t i on. I s ai d yo u re fu s e d t o t a k e y o u r m e d ic a t io n s w h ile y o u w e re in t h e h o s p it a l. I s th a t co rre c t? A . N o , I d i d n o t. Q . You refus ed t o t ak e t he I nve ga t hats he p rescri bed for you , di dn’ tyou ? A . I w ill t a k e it . I w ill. Q . Butyou refus ed t o t ak e i tt hi s m orni ng? A . Y es. Q . O kay. N ow , [ T. J. H . ] , w hatbroug htyou i n here? A . T he y p i ck ed m e u p a tm y g ran dm othe r’ s— gran dfather’s hou se a n d broug htm e here because I w as t respassi ng ou tt here. They t ol d m e t hatI w as n’ tal l ow ed on t he prope rty i s t he rea so n t hey broug ht m e i n prot ect i ve cust ody out of D al l as. A n d I w as goi ng t o ret ur n back t o t he M H M R of fi ce i n S t ephen vi l l e, Texas. A tt he con cl us i on of t he M ay 3 hea r i ng, t he t r i al cou rt stat ed t hat i tfound T. J. H . “ m ent al l y i l l Cr i t er i a No. 3” and t hatthe l ea stres t r i ct i ve env i ronm ent w oul d be t em porar

y com m i t m ent . Th e tri al co urto rdered T. J. H . t o be confi ned10

to N T S H as an i n p a ti e n t fo r a p e rio d n o t t o ex c e e d n i n e ty d a y s. I n i ts j u d g m e n t, afte r fi n d i n g tha t T .J.H . w a s m e n tal l y il l , th e tri a l co u rtsta ted tha t, a s a re s u l t o f th a t m e n ta l i l l n e s s , T .J .H . w i l l [ , ] i f

nott reat ed[ , ] cont i nue t o suf fer s e v e re and abno rm al m e n tal [, ] e m o ti o n a l [, ] o r ph y sica l d i stres s a n d w i l l co n ti n u e to e x p e ri e n c e d e te ri o ra ti o n o f [h e r] a b i l i ty to fu n c ti o n i n d e p e n d e n tl y [,] w hi ch i s exh i bi t ed by [ T. J. H . ’ s] i nab i l i ty[ , ] ex ce ptfor rea so nsof i n d i g e n c e [,] to p ro v i d e fo r [h e r] b a s i c n e e d si n c l u d i n g fo o d [,] cl ot hi ng[ , ] hea l t h[ , ] or sa fety; and i s una bl e t o m ak e a rat i ona l an d i n fo rm e d d e c i s i o n a s to w h e th e r o r n o t to s u b m i t to tre a tm e n t. S ee T e x . H e a lt h & S a fe ty C o d e A n n . § 5 7 4 .0 3 4 (a )( 1 ), (2 )(C )( i)– (iii) , (c ). T h is app ea l fol l ow ed. I I I . Suffi ci ency of t he Evi dence A . St andards of

Rev i ew The St at e’ s burden of proof unde r s ec t i on 574. 034 i s cl ea r an d c o n v i n c i n g e v i d e n c e . Id . § 5 74 . 03 4(a) . C l ear an d convi nci ng evi dence i s t hat m e a su re o r de g ree o f pro o f t h a t w i l l p rod u c e i n the m i n d o f t h e tri e r of fac t a fi r m be l i ef

o r c on vi ct i on a s t o t he t rut h of t he al l ega t i onss oughtt o be e s ta b l i s h e d . T e x . C i v . P ra c . & R e m . C o d e A n n . § 4 1 .0 0 1 (2 ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 8 ); Transp. I ns. C o. v. M or i el , 8 7 9 S .W .2 d 1 0 , 3 1 (T e x . 1 9 9 4 ). T h i s i n term e d i a te st and ard fal l s betw ee n t he prepo nde ranc e s t and ard of ci vi l proce edi ngsan d t he re a s o n a b l e d o u b t s ta n d a rd o f c r im i n a l p ro c e e d i n g s . I n re G . M. , 596 S. W . 2d 8 4 6 , 8 4 7 (T e x . 1 9 8 0 ); St at e v . A ddi ngt on , 5 8 8 S .W .2 d 5 6 9 , 5 7 0(T e x . 1 9 7 9 ).11

W hi l e t he proof

m us tbe of

a hea vi er

w ei ghtt han m erel y t he grea t er w ei ghtof t he credi bl e evi dence, t here i s no requi rem entt hatt he evi dence be un equi vocal o r u n d i s p u te d . A ddi ngt on , 588 S. W . 2d a t570. I n revi ew i ng t he evi den ce for l ega l s uf

fi ci enc y, w e m us tde t erm i ne w h e th e r th e e v i d e n c e i s s u c h t h a ta fa c tfin d e r c o u l d re a s o n a b l y fo rm a fi rm bel i ef or convi ct i on t hati ts fi ndi ng w as t rue. C ol um bi a M ed. C t r . of Las C ol i nas , I nc. v. H ogue , 2 7 1 S .W .3 d 2 3 8 , 2 4 8 (T e x . 2 0 0 8 ); D i am ond Sh am rock R e f. C o . v . H a ll , 168 S. W . 3d 164, 170 (Tex. 2005 ) . W e m us trevi ew al l t he e v i d e n c e i n th e l i g h t m o s t fa v o ra b l e to th e fi n d i n g . H ogue , 271 S . W . 3d a t248; H a ll , 16 8 S . W . 3d at17 0. Thi s m eans t hatw e m ustassum e t hatt he factfi nder resol ved any d i sput ed fact s i n favor of i t s fi ndi ng i f

a reasonabl e factfi nder c o u ld h a v e d o n e s o . H ogue , 2 7 1 S .W .3 d a t 2 4 8 ; H a ll , 168 S. W . 3d a t170. W e m us tal so di srega rd a l l e vi dence t hata rea so nab l e f ac tfi nde r

co ul d ha ve d i s b e l i e v e d . H ogue , 2 7 1 S .W .3 d a t 2 4 8 ; H a ll , 1 68 S. W . 3d at17 0. W e m ust con si der, how eve r , undi sp ut ed evi den ce ev en i f i ti s con t rar

y t o t he fi ndi ng. H ogue , 2 7 1 S .W .3 d a t 2 4 8 ; C i ty of Kel l er v. W i l so n , 168 S . W . 3d 802, 817 (T e x . 2 0 0 5 ); H a ll , 16 8 S .W .3 d a t 1 70 . That i s, w e m ustconsi der evi dence favorabl e t o t he fi ndi ng i f a reasonabl e factfi nder coul d and di sregard evi dence c o n tra ry to th e fi n d i n g u n l e s s a re a s o n a b l e fa c tfin d e r c o u l d n o t. A dam s v. Y M C A o f

S a n A n t o n io , 2 6 5 S .W .3 d 9 1 5 , 9 1 7 (T e x . 2 0 0 8 ); W i l so n , 16812

S. W . 3d at8 2 7 . T he fac t fi nde r, nott hi s cou rt , i s t he so l e j udge of t he c re d i b i l i ty a n d d e m e a n o r o f th e w i tn e s s e s . I n re J . O. A. , 283 S. W . 3d 336, 346 (T e x . 2 0 0 9 ). I n revi ew i ng t he evi den ce for fac t ual s uf

fi ci enc y, w e m us tde t erm i ne w h e th e r, o n th e e n ti re re c o rd , a fa c tfin d e r c o u l d re a s o n a b l y fo rm a fi rm c o n v i c ti o n o r b e l i e f th a t i ts f i n d i n g w a s tru e . I n re H . R . M. , 209 S . W . 3d 105, 1 0 8 ( T e x . 2 0 0 6 ). I f, i n l i g h t o f th e e n ti re rec o rd, th e d i sp u ted e v i d e n c e tha t a reasonabl e fact fi nder coul d not have credi t ed i n favor of t he fi nd i n g i s so si gni fi ca ntt hata fac t fi nde r co ul d notrea so nab l y ha ve form ed a fi rm be l i ef or c o n v i c ti o n i n the tru th o f i ts fi n d i n g , th e n the ev i d e n c e i s fa c tu a l l y i n su ffi c i e n t. I d. W e m u s t n o t s u p p l a n t th e tri a l c o u rt’sj u d g m e n t w i th o u r o w n . I d. ; see al so B ar ker

v. Eckm an , 2 1 3 S .W .3 d 3 0 6 , 3 1 4 (T e x . 2 0 0 6 ). T h e fa c tfin d e r is t h e s o le ju d g e o f

t h e c re d ib ility o f

w it n e s s e s a n d t h e w e i g h tt o b e g iv e n t h e ir te s ti m o n y . H . R . M. , 2 0 9 S .W .3 d a t 1 0 9 ; G o ld e n E a g le A rche r y, I nc. v. Ja ck so n , 1 1 6 S .W .3 d 7 5 7 , 7 6 1 (T e x . 2 0 0 3 ). B. Hea l t h a nd Sa fe ty Cod e Se c t i on 574. 034 U nde r s ec t i on 574. 034 (a) , t he t r i al co urtm ay order a propos ed pat i ent t o re c e iv e c o u rt - o rd e re d t e m p o ra r y in p a t ie n tm e n t a l h e a lt h s e r v ic e s o n ly if

it13

fin d s , fro m c le a r

a n d c o n v in c in g e v id e n c e , t h a tt h e p ro p o s e d p a t ie n tism e n t a lly i l l an d , a s a res u l t of th a t m e n tal i l l n e ss , th e p rop o se d p a ti e n t: (A ) i s l i k e l y to c a u se se ri o u s h a rm to h e rse l f; ( B) i s l i ke l y t o c aus e s er i ousha rm t o ot hers; or (C ) i s: ( i ) suf

fer i ng severe and abno rm al m ent al , em ot i onal , or p h y si cal di st ress; ( i i ) ex peri enc i ng su bs t ant i al m ent al or phys i ca l de t eri orat i on of t he p ro p o s e d p a t ie n t ’s a b ility t o fu n c t io n in d e p e n d e n t ly , w h ic h is exh i bi t ed by t he propos ed pat i ent ’ s i nab i l i ty, exc ept for rea so nsof i ndi gence, t o provi de for t he propo sed pat i ent ’ s basi c needs, i ncl udi ng food, cl ot hi ng, he al t h, or s afety; a nd ( i i i ) unab l e t o m ake a rat i onal and i nfor m ed deci si on as t o w het her o r no t t o su b m i t t o tre a tm e n t. Tex . H eal t h & S afety C ode A nn. § 5 74 . 03 4(a) ( 2) . I f the factfi nder

fi nds t hat t he propos ed pat i entm ee t s t he com m i t m entcri t eri a p res cri bed by su bs ec t i on (a) , i tm us ts pec i f

y w hi ch cr i t eri on l i sted i n su bs ec t i on (a) ( 2) form s t he bas i s for th e d e c i s i o n . I d. § 5 7 4 .0 3 4 (c ). C . A n a ly s is T .J.H . a c k n o w l e d g e s, “D r. S o l i v e n sp e c i fi c a l l y tes ti fi e d as to th e elem e n ts of 574. 034 (a) ( 2) (C ) ( i ) & ( i i i ) , ” buts he argue s t hatt here w asi ns uf fi ci ent e v id e n c e fo r

t h e t r ia l c o u rtt o fin d s u b s e c t io n (a )( 2 )(C )( ii): th a ts h e is “e x p e ri e n c i n g su b sta n ti a l m e n tal o r ph y sica l d e teri o rati o n o f [ h e r] ab i l i ty to14

func t i on i nde pen den t l y, w hi ch i s exh i bi t ed by [ her] i nab i l i ty, ex ce ptfor rea so ns of i ndi gen ce , t o provi de for [ her] basi c n ee ds , i ncl udi ng food, cl ot hi ng, he al t h, or safety. ” S ee id . § 5 7 4 .0 3 4 (a )(2 )(C )(i i ). T .J .H . re c it e s D r . S o liv e n ’s t e s t im o n y t h a tT .J .H . w a s u n k e m p t , u n a b le to ca re fo r he rse l f, an d w o u l d e x p e ri e n c e a d e teri o rati o n i n h e r ab i l i ty to functi on i ndep enden t l y i f not t reat ed and t hen argues t hatt hi s fai l s t o est abl i sh a cont i nui ng patt er n of behavi or

t o m eett he cl ear

and conv i nci ng e v i d e nce re q u i re m e n t. S e e i d . § 5 7 4 .0 3 4 (c ), (d )( 2 ). S h e c o n t e n d s t h a tt h e e v id e n c e is al so i ns uf

fi ci entt o m ee tt he c l ea r an d c onvi nci ng e vi den ce requ i rem entfor su bs ec t i on (C ) ( i i ) be ca us e s he t es t i fi ed t hats he w ashom el es s pr i or t o be i ng hos pi t al i z ed and “ t he i m pac tof he r i ndi gen ce on h er

ab i l i t i es ” w asnot addressed. A nd she com pl ai ns t hatD r . So l i ve n ’ s st at em entt hatot her t han T. J. H . ’ s havi ng “no i nsi ght and no tbei ng abl e t o t ake care of hersel f, she m ay be [ atr i sk of

s er i oushar m t o herse l f] ” doe s notm ee tt he cl ea r an d c onvi nci ng b u rd e n b e c a u s e i t i s “ o n l y te s ti m o n y o f ‘p o s s i b l e ’ o r ‘p o te n ti a l ’ h a rm .” To m ee ti t s evi den t i ar y bu rden , t he St at e had t o br i ng fort h e vi den ce of e i th e r a rec e n t ov e rtac t o r a c o n ti n u i n g p a ttern o f be h a v i o r t h a t t e n d s to c o n f ir m T .J .H .’s d i s tre s s a n d d e te ri o ra ti o n o f h e r a b i l i ty to fu n c ti o n . See i d. § 574 . 034 (d) ( 2) . And w hi l e t he t r i al c ou rtcoul d t ak e j udi ci al not i ce of doc um ents on fi l e i n t hi s ca se , i tco ul d nott ak e j udi ci al not i ce of t he t rut h of15

a n y a l l e g a ti o n s c o n ta i n e d i n th e d o c u m e n ts . S e e S t a t e e x re l . K . H. , No. 02- 02- 00301 - CV , 2003 W L 2140 4821, a t*2 (Te x. App . — Fo rtW ort h Ju ne 19, 2003 , no pet. ) (m em . o p. ) . Th erefore, w e m ay consi der onl y t he evi dence present ed a t th e h e a ri n g . See i d. T h e s u p re m e c o u rt re c e n tl y h e l d th a t “ a p ro p o s e d p a ti e n t’s w o rd s a re ove rtac t s w i t hi n t he m ea ni ng of [ s] ec t i on 574. 034 (d) ” w hen ex am i ni ng t he “o vertac t ” requ i rem entw i t hi n t he cont extof subs ec t i on (d) ( 1)

— t he l i ke l i hood o f s e ri o u s h a rm to th e p ro p o s e d p a ti e n t o r o th e rs . K . E . W. , 2010W L 2635 981, at* 3– 4. K . E. W . , the proposed pat i entati ssue, had previ ousl y been di agno sed w i th s c h i z o p h re n i a . I d. at*1 . O n a vi si tt o t he G ul f C oastM H M R C ent er w here h e w asa pat i ent , he s t at ed t hathe w ant ed t o i m pregn at e s om e o f t he c e n t e r’s fe m a le s t a f

f, in a d d it io n t o s o m e o t h e r o d d b e h a v io r

(a c t in g e x t re m e ly p a ra n o id , p a c in g a ro u n d t h e b u ild in g , re p e a t e d ly a s k in g fo r a p a rt ic u la r fe m a le e m pl oyee, and refusi ng t o coop erat e w i t h pol i ce w hen t he cent er st af f cal l ed th e m ). I d. a t* 1 , * 6 . A ft e r p o lic e t o o k K .E .W . t o t h e e m e rg e n c y ro o m , h e t o ld t reat i ng ph ysi ci ans t hathe had been chosen t o hel p pop ul at e a n ew and bet t er rac e o f hum ansan d t hat t here w as a group o f w om en he pl ann ed t o fi nd a nd i m p re g n a te , in c l u d i n g h i s a d u l t s te p -d a u g h te r. I d. at *1. H e had w r i t t en pl ans d e tai l i n g h i s m i ss i o n an d the w o m e n ’s n a m e s, an d h e a c c u se d th e h o sp i tal sta ff o f w i th h o l d i n g i n fo rm a ti o n a b o u t th e w o m e n ’sw h e re a b o u ts . I d.16

D u ri n g h i s c o m m i tm e n t he a ri n g , o n e o f K .E.W .’ s trea ti n g p sy c h i a tr i sts t es t i fi ed t hats he w asco nce r ned t hatal t hough K. E. W . di d nots t at e t hathe i nt end ed t o i m pregn at e a nyon e a gai ns the r w i l l , he w as “v er

y i nt rus i ve and s he di d notkn ow , gi ven hi s stat e o f m i nd, i f he w oul d und erstand t hat‘ no’ m ea ns

‘ no’ . ” I d. a t * 6 . K .E .W .’s o th e r tre a ti n g p s y c h i a tri s t o p i n e d th a t K .E .W .’s firm bel i ef i n hi s del usi on m ade K . E. W . a danger t o t he part i cul ar

group of

w om en ati ss ue and “a dange r t o w om en i n ge neral be ca us e K. E. W . m i ghtm i stak e a ny w om an for one of t he w om en he bel i eved w as pro m i se d to h i m . ” Id . a t*7. U ns urpr i si ngl y, t he t r i al co urtordered t em porar y i npa t i entco m m i t m entfor K .E .W . I d. a t * 2 . K . E. W . prevai l ed i n hi s appeal t o t he i nt erm edi at e appel l at e court , w hi ch det erm i ned t hatt here w as no evi den ce of an ove rt ac tor co nt i nui ng pa t t ern of b e h a v i o r t h a t t e n d e d to c o n firm e i th e r t h e d e teri o rati o n o f K .E.W .’ s a b i l i ty to functi on i ndep en d e n t l y or t hathe w as l i kel y t o cause ser i ous har m t o ot hers. S e e i d . H o w e v e r, a d d re s s i n g o n l y t h e s u fficie n c y o f th e e v i d e n c e to s u p p o rt t he “o vertac t , ” t he Texa s Suprem e Courtreve rse d t hi s dec i si on , co ncl udi ng t hatt he propo sed pat i ent ’ s w ords can be rel evantbot h t o det erm i ni ng w het her h e i s m e n ta l l y i l l a n d p re d i c ti n g w h a t a c ti o n s h e m i g h t o r w i l l ta k e i n th e fu tu re a s a re s u l t o f h i s m e n ta l i l l n e s s . I d. a t * 4 – 5 . T h a t i s ,17

a recentovertactby a propo sed pat i ent“t ends t o confi rm ” t hat t he pat i entpose s a l i ke l i hood of seri oushar m t o ot hers w i t hi n t he m eani ng of S ect i on 5 73 . 03 4(d) i f t he overtacti s t o som e degree proba t i ve of

a fi ndi ng t hats eri ousha rm i s proba bl e, even t hough th e o v e rt a c t i ts e l f m a y n o t b e d a n g e ro u s .

. . . I n sum , t he st at ut e requ i resev i den ce of a rec entac tby t he p ro p o s e d p a t ie n t , e it h e r p h y s ic a l o r

v e rb a l, t h a tc a n b e o bje c t iv e ly percei ved and t hati s t o som e degree p robati ve of a fi ndi ng t hat se r i ousha r m t o ot hers i s proba bl e i f t he perso n i s nott rea t ed. The o v e rta c tit s e l f

n e e d n o tb e o f

s u c h c h a ra c t e r

t h a tita lo n e w o u ld suppo rta fi ndi ng of probab l e seri ous har m t o ot hers. I d. at *5 –6 . Th e court concl uded t hat , w hi l e evi dence of m e n tal i l l n ess, w i th o u t m o re , d o e s n o t fu l fi l l th e s ta tu to ry re q u i re m e n t fo r o rd e ri n g i n v o l u n ta ry i npa t i entm ent al heal t h ser vi ce s, “K. E. W . ’ s stat em ents fal l w i t hi n t he ki ndsof overtco ndu ctt he st at ut e’ s l angu age m akes cl ear t he Legi sl at ure consi dered rel e v a ntt o a com m i t m entdet erm i nat i on. ” I d. a t * 8 . T h a t i s , th e c o u rt con si dered p ro b a b le h a r m a n d d e t e rm in e d t h a tt h e e v id e n c e w a s le g a lly s u fficie n t to s u p p o rt K .E .W .’s te m p o ra ry c o m m i tm e n t. I d. a t*6, *8–9 . In l i g h t o f th i s re c e n t c a s e , w e re v i e w th e e v i d e n c e to d e te rm i n e w h e th e r, based on t he evi dence before i t , t he t r i al courtcoul d h a v e re asonabl y for m ed a fi r m be l i ef

o r c on vi ct i on t hatT. J. H . w asex peri enc i ng s ubs t ant i al m ent al or physi cal d et er i orat i on of h er ab i l i ty t o functi on i ndep enden t l y as exhi bi t ed by her i nab i l i ty, e x ceptfor reasons of

i ndi gence, t o provi de for her basi c needs,Rat her, he r co uns el as ke d he r, “[ T. J. H . ] , now , pr i or t o com i ng i nt o t he 9 St at e h ospi t al , you w ere h om el es s, co rrec t?” T. J. H . ga ve an i nco ns i st ent a n s w e r, sta ti n g , “R i g h t. I l i v e d i n a g ro u p h o m e .” 18 i n c l u d i n g fo o d , c l o th i n g , h e a l th , o r s a fe ty . S ee Tex. H ea l t h & Safety Code Ann. § 5 7 4 .0 3 4 (a )(2 )(C )(i i ). W e agree w i t h T . J. H . ’ s ass ert i on t hat t here w as no t est i m ony ab out her abi l i ty t o provi de for

he r food o r cl ot hi ng. A nd w e al so not e t hatT. J. H . di d not t est i f y t hatshe w as i ndi gent. Th erefore, w e are l eftw i t h det erm i ni ng w het her 9 th e re w a s l e g a l l y an d fac tu a l l y su ffi c i e n t ev i d e n c e tha t T .J.H .’ s a b i l i ty to provi de for

he r he al t h or

s afety w asco m prom i se d. Th e t r i al courtcoul d have concl uded from T . J. H . ’ s i ncon si st entresponse abou ther

housi ng si t uat i on, and from som e of T. J. H . ’ s ot he r res p onses, t hat T. J. H . co ul d notunde rst and que st i onsan d t hatt hi s sh ow ed her de t eri orat i ng me n t a l c o n d i t i o n . Ad d i t i o n a l l y , Dr. S o l i v e n t e s t i fi e d t ha ts h e b e l i e v e d T . J . H. w as st i l l del usi onal . T. J. H . ’ s t est i m ony ab out fl yi ng back and fort h t o w or k “at t he H ous t on of

fi ce ” cou l d ha ve con fi rm ed t hi s for t he t r i al cou rt , be ca us e t he t r i al court coul d have concl uded t hat , al t hou gh t here w as no t e sti m o n y t hat T. J. H . ei t her

di d or di d notw ork ata H ous t on of fi ce , T. J. H . ’ s t es t i m ony abo ut w orki ng att hatof

fi ce w asi nco ns i stentw i t h he r ci rcum stanc es . And i n l i ght of T. J. H . ’ s adm i ssi on t hatshe had refused t o t ake her m edi cat i on, t he t r i al19

c o u rtc o u ld h a v e c o n c l u d e d t h a tD r . S o liv e n ’s d ia g n o s is t h a tT .J .H . a c t u a lly “m a y b e ” s u ic id a l b a se d o n T .J.H .’ s i n a b i l i ty to tak e ca re o f he r ba sic h e a l th a n d sa fety n e e d s w a s c o rre c t. W e c onc l ude t hat , as t he t r i al cou rt vi ew ed t he w i t nes se s’ de m ea nor an d as se ss ed t hei r credi bi l i ty dur i ng t he hea r i ng, i t cou l d hav e rea so nab l y form ed a fi rm co n v i c ti o n o r be l i e f th a t T .J.H .’ s i n a b i l i ty to pro v i d e fo r h e r h e a l th o r sa fety w a s p ro b a b l e . S e e K . E . W. , 2 0 1 0W L 2 6 3 5 9 8 1 , a t * 6 . T h a t i s , D r. S o l i v e n ’s and T. J. H . ’ s t es t i m oni esdem ons t rat e t hatT . J. H . ’ s con t i nui ng pat t ern of poor i nsi ght i nt o her m ent al i l l ness and poor j udg m entand sel f- care— part i cul ar l y her nonc om pl i anc e w i t h t rea t m ent— hasal rea dy res ul t ed i n repe at ed pr i or h o s p it a l i z a t io n s . F ro m D r . S o liv e n ’s t e s t im o n y a b o u th o w T .J .H . w o u ld co nt i nue t o de t er i orat e w i t houtt rea t m entan d T. J. H . ’ s t es t i m ony abo utrefus i ng t o t ake her

m edi cat i ons, t he t r i al courtcoul d have reasonabl y c o n c l u ded t hat T. J. H . ’ s m ent al i l l ness had caused her t o m ent al l y det er i orat e t o t he poi ntt hat h e r ab i l i ty to fun c ti o n i n d e p e n d e n tl y i n p rov i d i n g fo r h e r ow n h e a l th an d sa fety h a d b e e n c o m p ro m i s e d . I n addi t i on t o T . J. H . ’ s t es t i m ony abou ther housi ng, w ork, an d de ci si ons abou tm edi cat i on, she al so t est i fi ed t hatbefore t hi s hospi t al i zat i o n , sh e had b e e n “ p ic k e d u p ” fo r t re s p a s s in g , a llo w in g t h e t r i a l c o u rtt o re a s o n a b ly con cl ude , i n c onne ct i on w i t h her ot her beh avi or, t hat T. J. H . su f fered from t he20

d e teri o rati o n o f he r ab i l i ty to fun c ti o n i n p rov i d i n g for h e r he a l th an d sa fety b e c a u s e o f h e r i n a b i l i ty to e x e rc i s e g o o d j u d g m e n t. Cf. I n re K . P . H. , Nos . 02- 0 5 -0 0 4 3 0 -C V , 0 2 -0 5 -0 0 4 3 1 -C V , 2 0 0 6 W L 6 6 9 6 2 2 , a t * 3 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W ort h M ar . 16 , 20 06 , no pet . ) (m em . op. ) (noti ng t hatw hi l e evi dence t hat refl ec t s onl y a pat i ent ’ s m ent al i l l nes s and nee d for hos pi t al i z at i on i s i ns uf fi ci ent t o s a t is f y t h e re c e n to v e rta c to r c o n t in u in g p a t t e rn s t a n d a rd , K .P .H .’ s rid in g h is b ic y c l e i n to tra ffic c o n s ti tu te d a re c e n t o v e rt a c t th a t, i n c o n n e c ti o n w i th h is ot her be hav i or, t end ed t o con fi rm t hathe pos ed a s afety ri sk t o hi m se l f an d p o s s i b l y o th e rs ); I n re K. S. , No. 02- 03- 00295 - CV , 2004 W L 2542 67, a t*1–2 (Tex . A pp. — FortW ort h Feb . 1 2, 20 04 , no pet . ) (m em . op. ) (hol di ng t hat e v id e n c e t o s u p p o rtt e m p o ra r y c o m m it m e n to rd e r w a s le g a lly a n d fa c t u a lly suf fi ci entw hen do ct or

t est i fi ed t hat K . S . suf fered from schi zoaf

fect i ve di sorder and w as l i kel y t o cause ser i ous har m t o hi m sel f and ot hers, an d K . S . ’ s si st er h a d to l d th e d o c to r th a t h e n e a rl y ra n o v e r h e r a n d h e r d a u g h te r w i th a c a r). Li ke t he “o vertac t ” di sc us se d i n K . E . W. , T .J .H .’s w o rd s a n d a c ti o n s a re re le v a n tt o d e t e r m in in g b o t h h e r m e n t a l illn e s s a n d t h e a c t io n s s h e m ig h to r w ill t ak e i n t he fut ure a s a resu l to f h er i l l nes s. The t r i al co urtco ul d ha ve rea sonab l y c onc l ude d t hatT. J. H . ’ s t es t i m ony and de m ea nor att he hea r i ng corroborat ed D r . Sol i ven’ s t es t i m ony abo utT. J. H . ’ s m ent al di st res s and t he d e te ri o ra ti o n o f h e r a b i l i ty to fu n c ti o n w i th o u t tre a tm e n t. T h a t i s , T .J .H .’s21

w o rds an d b e h a v i o r, i n l i g h t of h e r ho sp i ta li z a ti o n h i sto ry, are p rob a ti v e o f a fi n d i n g tha t he r co n ti n u e d m e n tal d e teri o rati o n i s p rob a b l e w i th o u t t rea tm e n t. A nd t he t r i al court coul d have reasonabl y dou bt ed her i ncon si st entassurances th a t s h e w o u l d ta k e h e r m e d i c a ti o n i f re l e a s e d . S ee K .E .W . , 2 0 1 0WL 263 598 1, at*6. The refore, al t hough t he St at e c oul d ha ve and s houl d ha ve fu rth e r d e v e l o p e d th e e v i d e n c e c o n c e rn i n g th i s fa c to r, w e c o n c l u d e th a t i t is l e g a l l y s u fficie n t to s u p p o rt t h e t ri a l c o u rt’sfi n d i n g . S e e also R o l a n d v . S tate , 98 9 S . W . 2d 79 7, 80 2 (Tex . A pp. — FortW ort h 1 99 9, no pet . ) (“W e bel i eve t hat R o la n d ’s c h ro n ic re fu s a l t o t a k e h is m e d ic a t io n ise v id e n c e t h a t , a s a w h o le

‘ t ends t o confi r m ’ t he l i kel i hoo d of seri ous har m t o R ol and or ot hers as w el l as th e d e te ri o ra ti o n o f h i s a b i l i ty to fu n c ti o n .” ). Revi ew i ng t he ent i re rec ord, w e c onc l ude t hatt he t r i al co urtco ul d ha ve re a s o n a b ly fo r m e d a fir m c o n v ic t io n o r b e lie f t h a ta l l o f

t h e n e c e s s a r

y c r it e r ia w ere m etfor

t he t r i al co urtt o order T. J. H . t o rec ei ve t em porar y i npa t i ent m ent al he al t h s er

vi ce s. T hati s, t he t r i al co urtw ast he so l e j udge of t he w i t nesses’ c red i b i l i ty and t he w ei ght t o be gi ven t hei r t est i m ony, and i tm ust hav e chos en t o di sb el i eve T . J. H . ’ s as su ranc esaboutt ak i ng her m edi ca t i on a nd t o be l i eve D r . Sol i ven w i t h rega rd t o T. J. H . ’ s del us i onsan d l i ke l i hood of conti nued m ent al det er i orat i on w i t hou t t reat m ent . Th erefore, w e concl ude t hat t he evi dence i s al so fact ual l y suf fi ci ent . W e over rul e T. J. H . ’ s sol e i ssue.22 I V . Concl us i on H a v i n g o v e rru l e d T .J.H .’ s so l e issu e , w e a ffi rm th e tri a l co u rt ’s j u d g m e n t.

P E R CU R I AM P A N E L : M C C O Y , G A R D N E R , a n d M E IE R , J J . DEL I VERE D: Aug us t31, 2010