IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 17-0980

Filed April 4, 2018

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

DAVID CARL LOMEN,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Cynthia M. Moisan, 

District Associate Judge.

David Lomen appeals the amount of restitution ordered upon his conviction 

for theft in the fourth degree. REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Susan R. Stockdale, Windsor Heights, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Martha E. Trout, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Bower, JJ.
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DANILSON, Chief Judge.

On March 23, 2017, David Lomen reached a plea agreement with the State 

and entered a guilty plea to theft in the fourth degree. In his written petition to 

plead guilty he admitted he did have possession of a stolen laptop and under the

circumstances he should have known the laptop was stolen. At the time of 

sentencing, a supplemental order on restitution was entered,

which set the amount of restitution at $1689.59. Lomen challenged the amount of 

restitution.

At the June 13, 2017 hearing, the owner of the laptop testified as to the 

original cost of the component parts and presented receipts from 2005 and 2009, 

claiming $1640.59 of the two receipts were for the stolen computer. The laptop 

had been recovered from a pawnshop and returned to the victim, who testified it 

no longer functioned. She testified, “It has been completely wiped. It powers on. 

I’ve spent $200 from two different people, a hundred dollars each, trying to restore 

it, trying to get into anything that could bring it back. And it’s

done, there’s nothing you can do.” No evidence of replacement cost was 

presented. The court made no findings of fact. The court entered an order, ruling, 

“Restitution is to be paid in the amount of $1640.59.” 

Lomen appeals. Our review of restitution orders is for correction of errors 

at law. State v. Klawonn, 688 N.W.2d 271, 274 (Iowa 2004). 

On appeal, Lomen challenges the amount of restitution ordered. He 

contends the record did not establish causation between the offense to which he 

pled guilty and the amount of restitution ordered. “The defendant may seek, on 

appeal, to have the trial court’s restitution order overturned or modified. However, 
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the defendant must show ‘a failure of the trial court to exercise discretion or abuse 

of discretion.’” State v. Wagner, 484 N.W.2d 212, 216 (Iowa Ct. App. 1992)

(citation omitted). “An abuse of discretion will not be found unless we are able to 

discern that the decision was exercised on grounds or for reasons that 

were clearly untenable or unreasonable.” State v. Formaro, 638 N.W.2d 720, 724 

(Iowa 2002). 

The rationale for restitution under criminal law is similar to a civil recovery 

for torts. See State v. Mayberry, 415 N.W.2d 644, 645-46 (Iowa 1987). “A wrong 

has been done. A person has been injured or property damaged. The victim 

deserves to be fully compensated for the injury by the actor who caused it.” State 

v. Ihde, 532 N.W.2d 827, 829 (Iowa Ct. App. 1995). Our supreme court has 

rejected a claim that the restitution order must be limited by the parameters of the 

offense to which the defendant pleads guilty, observing that the restitution order 

“can be extended to any amount which would be appropriate for tort recovery.” 

State v. Holmberg, 449 N.W.2d 376, 377 (Iowa 1989). However, the restitution 

order must rest on “a causal connection between the established criminal act and 

the injuries to the victim.” Id.

Once the causal connection is established by a preponderance of the 

evidence, “the statute allows recovery of ‘all damages’ . . . which the state can 

show by a preponderance of the evidence.” Id. A restitutionary order is not 

excessive “if it bears a real reasonable relationship to the damage 

caused.” Mayberry, 415 N.W.2d at 647. 

The State asserts the computer was in working order when it was stolen, 

Lomen admitted to exercising control over the computer, and when it was returned 
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to the victim, it did not work. While we do not disagree that the victim is entitled to 

be compensated for the loss of her computer, the State’s brief offers no rationale 

for using the original cost of the computer components as a basis for the restitution 

ordered.

“The general rule in Iowa for repairs or for replacement is the fair and 

reasonable cost of replacement or repair, but not to exceed the value of the 

property immediately prior to the loss or damage.” See State v. Urbanek, 177 

N.W.2d 14, 16 (Iowa 1970); see also Papenheim v. Lovell, 530 N.W.2d 668, 672 

(Iowa 1995) (citing with approval Restatement (Second) of Torts § 928).

No evidence was presented as to the market value of the computer before 

it was stolen. Nor was there evidence presented as to the cost to replace the 

computer. We are not persuaded the victim’s cost for computer components 

incurred more than a decade before the defendant’s possession of the stolen 

computer is a reasonable measure of the damages caused by Lomen exercising 

control of a stolen computer. An order of restitution that rests upon an improper 

measure of damages is clearly unreasonable. See Mayberry, 415 N.W.2d at 647.

Restitution should be fixed in the amount of the reasonable cost to replace 

or repair the computer including the amount of other damages that are otherwise 

causally related to the criminal activity, if any. Because the court’s order of 

restitution was grounded upon an improper measure of damages, we reverse the 

restitution order and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. 

REVERSED AND REMANDED.