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                            Coronavirus Oversight - Past Pandemic-Related Reports
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                          Coronavirus Oversight - Past Pandemic-Related Reports
                          An ongoing review of the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic and oversight of related spending. Jump To:
    Jump ToElder Abuse
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                    Jump to Subject**Business Regulation and Consumer Protection**

Consumer Protection
	Federal Response to Economic Disruptions**Education**

Education, Federal Student Aid, and Online Learning**Employment and Retirement Security**

Contingent Workforce
	Retirement Income Security
	Unemployment Insurance, Reemployment Services, and Worker Safety**Government Operations**

Cybersecurity, Information Technology, Federal Telework, and Broadband Access
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	The National Biodefense Strategy**Health Care**

Animal Diseases
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	Telehealth**Worker and Family Assistance**

Children’s Issues
	Contingent Workforce
	Food Insecurity and Nutritional Assistance Programs
	Unemployment Insurance, Reemployment Services, and Worker SafetyFind an ExpertGAO’s experts often speak publicly about our work. You can contact the Office of Public Affairs at (202) 512-4800 or youngc1@gao.gov to find an expert, or look up senior GAO staff by area of expertise in our Find an Expert tool.Image
              Find an ExpertAnimal DiseasesInfectious animal diseases can pose potential threats to humans as well as livestock. Our past work in this area may help inform preparedness for current and future infectious disease outbreaks that may originate from animals.
      
      Foot-and-Mouth Disease: USDA's Efforts to Prepare for a Potential Outbreak Could Be StrengthenedGAO-19-103
      
	Published:  Mar 12, 2019


	Publicly Released: Mar 12, 2019
              Avian Influenza: USDA Has Taken Actions to Reduce Risks but Needs a Plan to Evaluate Its EffortsGAO-17-360
      
	Published:  Apr 13, 2017


	Publicly Released: May 11, 2017
              Emerging Animal Diseases: Actions Needed to Better Position USDA to Address Future RisksGAO-16-132
      
	Published:  Dec 15, 2015


	Publicly Released: Jan 14, 2016
              Homeland Security: An Overall Strategy Is Needed to Strengthen Disease Surveillance in Livestock and PoultryGAO-13-424
      
	Published:  May 21, 2013


	Publicly Released: May 21, 2013
              Avian Influenza: USDA Has Taken Important Steps to Prepare for Outbreaks, but Better Planning Could Improve ResponseGAO-07-652
      
	Published:  Jun 11, 2007


	Publicly Released: Jun 25, 2007



  Children’s IssuesOur past work on childhood trauma, child safety, and school meals could prove instructive as the lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic emerge.
      
      Foster Care: States with Approval to Extend Care Provide Independent Living Options for Youth up to Age 21GAO-19-411
      
	Published:  May 21, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 20, 2019
              Children Affected by Trauma: Selected States Report Various Approaches and Challenges to Supporting ChildrenGAO-19-388
      
	Published:  Apr 24, 2019


	Publicly Released: May 22, 2019
              Summer Meals: Actions Needed to Improve Participation Estimates and Address Program ChallengesGAO-18-369
      
	Published:  May 31, 2018


	Publicly Released: Jul 02, 2018
              Foster Care: Additional Actions Could Help HHS Better Support States' Use of Private Providers to Recruit and Retain Foster FamiliesGAO-18-376
      
	Published:  May 30, 2018


	Publicly Released: May 30, 2018



  Consumer ProtectionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in new ways for thieves and scammers to commit fraud against unsuspecting people. Our body of work on fraud, consumer schemes, and misleading advertisements highlight the importance of consumer protection.
      
      Fake Caller ID Schemes: Information on Federal Agencies' Efforts to Enforce Laws, Educate the Public, and Support Technical InitiativesGAO-20-153
      
	Published:  Dec 18, 2019


	Publicly Released: Dec 18, 2019
              Memory Supplements: Results of Testing for Selected SupplementsGAO-19-23R
      
	Published:  Oct 18, 2018


	Publicly Released: Nov 14, 2018
              Intellectual Property: Agencies Can Improve Efforts to Address Risks Posed by Changing Counterfeits MarketGAO-18-216
      
	Published:  Jan 30, 2018


	Publicly Released: Feb 27, 2018
              Housing Choice Voucher Program: Limited Indications of Potential Fraud against Participants IdentifiedGAO-18-53
      
	Published:  Dec 04, 2017


	Publicly Released: Dec 04, 2017
              Highlights of a Forum: Combating Synthetic Identity FraudGAO-17-708SP
      
	Published:  Jul 26, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jul 26, 2017
              Memory Supplements: Clarifying FDA and FTC Roles Could Strengthen Oversight and Enhance Consumer AwarenessGAO-17-416
      
	Published:  May 16, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jun 15, 2017



  Contingent WorkforceUnder the Pandemic Unemployment Relief provisions of the CARES Act, self-employed or contingent workers will have access to unemployment insurance. These reports help define that population and outline some of the challenges they face with benefits and financial security.
      
      Contingent Workforce: BLS is Reassessing Measurement of Nontraditional WorkersGAO-19-273R
      
	Published:  Jan 29, 2019


	Publicly Released: Feb 28, 2019
              Contingent Workforce: Size, Characteristics, Compensation, and Work Experiences of Adjunct and Other Non-Tenure-Track FacultyGAO-18-49
      
	Published:  Oct 19, 2017


	Publicly Released: Nov 20, 2017
              Workforce Training: DOL Can Better Share Information on Services for On-Demand, or Gig, WorkersGAO-17-561
      
	Published:  Sep 26, 2017


	Publicly Released: Oct 26, 2017
              Contingent Workforce: Size, Characteristics, Earnings, and BenefitsGAO-15-168R
      
	Published:  Apr 20, 2015


	Publicly Released: May 20, 2015



  Cybersecurity, Information Technology, Federal Telework, and Broadband AccessCOVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of broadband/internet access—for telework, telehealth, distance learning, and more. Information technology and cybersecurity issues are even more important in this environment. Our past work looks at existing capabilities and ongoing challenges.
      
      Science & Tech Spotlight: 5G Wireless [Reissued with revisions on Mar. 27, 2020.]GAO-20-412SP
      
	Published:  Mar 26, 2020


	Publicly Released: Mar 26, 2020
              Public-Safety Broadband Network: Network Deployment Is Progressing, but FirstNet Could Strengthen Its OversightGAO-20-346
      
	Published:  Jan 27, 2020


	Publicly Released: Jan 27, 2020
              Cloud Computing: Agencies Have Increased Usage and Realized Benefits, but Cost and Savings Data Need to Be Better TrackedGAO-19-58
      
	Published:  Apr 04, 2019


	Publicly Released: May 06, 2019
              Cybersecurity: DHS Needs to Enhance Efforts to Improve and Promote the Security of Federal and Private-Sector NetworksGAO-18-520T
      
	Published:  Apr 24, 2018


	Publicly Released: Apr 24, 2018
              Broadband: Additional Stakeholder Input Could Inform FCC Actions to Promote CompetitionGAO-17-742
      
	Published:  Sep 19, 2017


	Publicly Released: Sep 19, 2017
              Telecommunications: Additional Action Needed to Mitigate Significant Risks in FCC's Lifeline ProgramGAO-17-805T
      
	Published:  Sep 14, 2017


	Publicly Released: Sep 14, 2017
              Public Health Information Technology: HHS Has Made Little Progress toward Implementing Enhanced Situational Awareness Network CapabilitiesGAO-17-377
      
	Published:  Sep 06, 2017


	Publicly Released: Sep 06, 2017
              Telecommunications: Additional Action Needed to Address Significant Risks in FCC's Lifeline ProgramGAO-17-538
      
	Published:  May 30, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jun 29, 2017
              Federal Telework: Additional Controls Could Strengthen Telework Program Compliance and Data ReportingGAO-17-247
      
	Published:  Feb 17, 2017


	Publicly Released: Mar 20, 2017
              Cybersecurity: Actions Needed to Strengthen U.S. CapabilitiesGAO-17-440T
      
	Published:  Feb 14, 2017


	Publicly Released: Feb 14, 2017
              Defense Civil Support: DOD Needs to Identify National Guard's Cyber Capabilities and Address Challenges in Its ExercisesGAO-16-574
      
	Published:  Sep 06, 2016


	Publicly Released: Sep 06, 2016
              Federal Telework: Better Guidance Could Help Agencies Calculate Benefits and CostsGAO-16-551
      
	Published:  Jul 15, 2016


	Publicly Released: Aug 01, 2016
              Civil Support: DOD Needs to Clarify Its Roles and Responsibilities for Defense Support of Civil Authorities during Cyber IncidentsGAO-16-332
      
	Published:  Apr 04, 2016


	Publicly Released: Apr 04, 2016
              Telecommunications: Additional Coordination and Performance Measurement Needed for High-Speed Internet Access Programs on Tribal LandsGAO-16-222
      
	Published:  Jan 29, 2016


	Publicly Released: Feb 03, 2016
              Telecommunications: Federal Broadband Deployment Programs and Small BusinessGAO-14-203
      
	Published:  Feb 07, 2014


	Publicly Released: Mar 10, 2014
              Emergency Preparedness: Agencies Need Coordinated Guidance on Incorporating Telework into Emergency and Continuity PlanningGAO-11-628
      
	Published:  Jul 22, 2011


	Publicly Released: Jul 22, 2011
  

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  Education, Federal Student Aid, and Online LearningOur past work related to student loan repayment and interest accrual; challenges faced by postsecondary students with disabilities; and distance education.
      
      Higher Education: More Information Could Help Student Parents Access Additional Federal Student AidGAO-19-522
      
	Published:  Aug 20, 2019


	Publicly Released: Sep 12, 2019
              Federal Student Loans: Education Needs to Verify Borrowers' Information for Income-Driven Repayment PlansGAO-19-347
      
	Published:  Jun 25, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jul 25, 2019
              Federal Student Loans: Further Actions Needed to Implement Recommendations on Oversight of Loan ServicersGAO-18-587R
      
	Published:  Jul 27, 2018


	Publicly Released: Aug 27, 2018
              Higher Education: Education Should Address Oversight and Communication Gaps in Its Monitoring of the Financial Condition of SchoolsGAO-17-555
      
	Published:  Aug 21, 2017


	Publicly Released: Sep 20, 2017
              Social Security Offsets: Improvements to Program Design Could Better Assist Older Student Loan Borrowers with Obtaining Permitted ReliefGAO-17-45
      
	Published:  Dec 19, 2016


	Publicly Released: Dec 20, 2016
              Federal Student Loans: Education Needs to Improve Its Income-Driven Repayment Plan Budget EstimatesGAO-17-22
      
	Published:  Nov 15, 2016


	Publicly Released: Nov 30, 2016
              Federal Student Loans: Education Could Improve Direct Loan Program Customer Service and OversightGAO-16-523
      
	Published:  May 16, 2016


	Publicly Released: Jun 15, 2016
              Federal Student Loans: Key Weaknesses Limit Education's Management of ContractorsGAO-16-196T
      
	Published:  Nov 18, 2015


	Publicly Released: Nov 18, 2015
              Higher Education and Disability: Improved Federal Enforcement Needed to Better Protect Students' Rights to Testing AccommodationsGAO-12-40
      
	Published:  Nov 29, 2011


	Publicly Released: Dec 29, 2011
              Higher Education: Use of New Data Could Help Improve Oversight of Distance EducationGAO-12-39
      
	Published:  Nov 17, 2011


	Publicly Released: Nov 17, 2011
              For-Profit Schools: Experiences of Undercover Students Enrolled in Online Classes at Selected CollegesGAO-12-150
      
	Published:  Oct 31, 2011


	Publicly Released: Nov 22, 2011
              Higher Education and Disability: Education Needs a Coordinated Approach to Improve Its Assistance to Schools in Supporting StudentsGAO-10-33
      
	Published:  Oct 28, 2009


	Publicly Released: Oct 28, 2009
  

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  Federal Disaster ResponseOur body of disaster response work addresses the federal, state, and local response to disasters including natural and biological disasters such as pandemics. Our recent disaster recovery work highlights the challenges in the federal and state response to disasters and ways to increase preparedness and improve response.
      
      Disaster Recovery: Recent Disasters Highlight Progress and ChallengesGAO-20-183T
      
	Published:  Oct 22, 2019


	Publicly Released: Oct 22, 2019
              Disaster Response: HHS Should Address Deficiencies Highlighted by Recent Hurricanes in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto RicoGAO-19-592
      
	Published:  Sep 20, 2019


	Publicly Released: Sep 20, 2019
              Disaster Response: FEMA and the American Red Cross Need to Ensure Key Mass Care Organizations are Included in Coordination and PlanningGAO-19-526
      
	Published:  Sep 19, 2019


	Publicly Released: Sep 19, 2019
              Emergency Management: FEMA Has Made Progress, but Challenges and Future Risks Highlight Imperative for Further ImprovementsGAO-19-594T
      
	Published:  Jun 12, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 12, 2019
              Disaster Assistance: FEMA Action Needed to Better Support Individuals Who Are Older or Have DisabilitiesGAO-19-318
      
	Published:  May 14, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 05, 2019
              2017 Hurricanes and Wildfires: Initial Observations on the Federal Response and Key Recovery ChallengesGAO-18-472
      
	Published:  Sep 04, 2018


	Publicly Released: Sep 04, 2018
              Emergency Management: Federal Agencies Could Improve Dissemination of Resources to CollegesGAO-18-233
      
	Published:  Jan 23, 2018


	Publicly Released: Feb 22, 2018
              Embassy Evacuations: State Department Should Take Steps to Improve Emergency PreparednessGAO-17-714
      
	Published:  Jul 17, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jul 17, 2017
              Defense Civil Support: DOD Has Made Progress Incorporating the Homeland Response Force into the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Response EnterpriseGAO-16-599
      
	Published:  Jun 28, 2016


	Publicly Released: Jun 28, 2016
              Federal Emergency Management Agency: Progress and Continuing Challenges in National Preparedness EffortsGAO-16-560T
      
	Published:  Apr 12, 2016


	Publicly Released: Apr 12, 2016
              Emergency Management: Improved Federal Coordination Could Better Assist K-12 Schools Prepare for EmergenciesGAO-16-144
      
	Published:  Mar 10, 2016


	Publicly Released: Apr 11, 2016
              Federal Chief Information Security Officers: Opportunities Exist to Improve Roles and Address Challenges to AuthorityGAO-16-686
      
	Published:  Aug 26, 2016


	Publicly Released: Sep 15, 2016
              Budgeting for Disasters: Approaches to Budgeting for Disasters in Selected StatesGAO-15-424
      
	Published:  Mar 26, 2015


	Publicly Released: Apr 27, 2015
              Hurricane Sandy: FEMA Has Improved Disaster Aid Verification but Could Act to Further Limit Improper AssistanceGAO-15-15
      
	Published:  Dec 12, 2014


	Publicly Released: Dec 12, 2014
              Homeland Security: Actions Needed to Improve Response to Potential Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters Affecting Food and AgricultureGAO-11-652
      
	Published:  Aug 19, 2011


	Publicly Released: Sep 12, 2011
              Financial Assistance: Ongoing Challenges and Guiding Principles Related to Government Assistance For Private Sector CompaniesGAO-10-719
      
	Published:  Aug 03, 2010


	Publicly Released: Aug 03, 2010
              State Department: Wide Range of Emergency Services Provided to American Citizens Overseas, but Improved Monitoring Is NeededGAO-09-989
      
	Published:  Sep 24, 2009


	Publicly Released: Sep 24, 2009
              Disaster Preparedness: Better Planning Would Improve OSHA's Efforts to Protect Workers' Safety and Health in DisastersGAO-07-193
      
	Published:  Mar 28, 2007


	Publicly Released: Mar 28, 2007
  

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  Federal InfrastructureFederal Personal Property: Opportunities Exist to Improve Identification of Unneeded Property for DisposalGAO-18-257
      
	Published:  Feb 16, 2018


	Publicly Released: Feb 16, 2018
              Air Travel and Communicable Diseases: Comprehensive Federal Plan Needed for U.S. Aviation System's PreparednessGAO-16-127
      
	Published:  Dec 16, 2015


	Publicly Released: Dec 16, 2015
              Federal Facilities: Selected Facilities' Emergency Plans Generally Reflect Federal GuidanceGAO-14-101
      
	Published:  Oct 25, 2013


	Publicly Released: Oct 25, 2013
              U.S. Postal Service: Better Guidance Is Needed to Ensure an Appropriate Response to Anthrax ContaminationGAO-04-239
      
	Published:  Sep 09, 2004


	Publicly Released: Sep 09, 2004



  Federal Response to Economic DisruptionsOur past work on new funding, stimulus, and credit vehicles may provide insights into the federal response to COVID-19. This body of work looks at previous federal mechanisms for helping the private sector, such as loans, loan guarantees, and investments in private companies.
      
      Tax Cuts and Jobs Act: Considerable Progress Made Implementing Business Provisions, but IRS Faces Administrative and Compliance ChallengesGAO-20-103
      
	Published:  Feb 25, 2020


	Publicly Released: Feb 25, 2020
              Small Business Administration: Disaster Loan Processing Was Timelier, but Planning Improvements and Pilot Program Evaluation NeededGAO-20-168
      
	Published:  Feb 07, 2020


	Publicly Released: Mar 09, 2020
              Troubled Asset Relief Program: Status Update on Treasury's Two Active Investment ProgramsGAO-20-218R
      
	Published:  Dec 16, 2019


	Publicly Released: Dec 16, 2019
              U.S. Virgin Islands Recovery: Additional Actions Could Strengthen FEMA's Key Disaster Recovery EffortsGAO-20-54
      
	Published:  Nov 19, 2019


	Publicly Released: Nov 19, 2019
              2017 Disaster Contracting: Actions Needed to Improve the Use of Post-Disaster Contracts to Support Response and RecoveryGAO-19-281
      
	Published:  Apr 24, 2019


	Publicly Released: Apr 24, 2019
              U.S. Virgin Islands Recovery: Additional Actions Could Strengthen FEMA's Key Disaster Recovery EffortsGAO-20-54
      
	Published:  Nov 19, 2019


	Publicly Released: Nov 19, 2019
              2017 Disaster Contracting: Actions Needed to Improve the Use of Post-Disaster Contracts to Support Response and RecoveryGAO-19-281
      
	Published:  Apr 24, 2019


	Publicly Released: Apr 24, 2019
              Economic Adjustment Assistance: Federal Programs Intended to Help Beneficiaries Adjust to Economic DisruptionGAO-19-85R
      
	Published:  Mar 05, 2019


	Publicly Released: Mar 05, 2019
              Housing Finance: Prolonged Conservatorships of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Prompt Need for ReformGAO-19-239
      
	Published:  Jan 18, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jan 18, 2019
              Troubled Asset Relief Program: Monitoring of the Hardest Hit Fund Program Could Be StrengthenedGAO-19-100
      
	Published:  Dec 21, 2018


	Publicly Released: Dec 21, 2018
              Federal Reserve: Additional Actions Could Help Ensure the Achievement of Stress Test GoalsGAO-17-48
      
	Published:  Nov 15, 2016


	Publicly Released: Nov 15, 2016
              Resolution Plans: Regulators Have Refined Their Review Processes but Could Improve Transparency and TimelinessGAO-16-341
      
	Published:  Apr 12, 2016


	Publicly Released: Apr 12, 2016
              Housing Finance System: A Framework for Assessing Potential ChangesGAO-15-131
      
	Published:  Oct 07, 2014


	Publicly Released: Oct 07, 2014
              Recovery Act: Grant Implementation Experiences Offer Lessons for Accountability and TransparencyGAO-14-219
      
	Published:  Jan 24, 2014


	Publicly Released: Jan 24, 2014
              Dodd-Frank Regulations: Agencies Conducted Regulatory Analyses and Coordinated but Could Benefit from Additional Guidance on Major RulesGAO-14-67
      
	Published:  Dec 11, 2013


	Publicly Released: Dec 11, 2013
              Insurance Markets: Impacts of and Regulatory Response to the 2007-2009 Financial CrisisGAO-13-583
      
	Published:  Jun 27, 2013


	Publicly Released: Jul 29, 2013
              Financial Regulatory Reform: Financial Crisis Losses and Potential Impacts of the Dodd-Frank ActGAO-13-180
      
	Published:  Jan 16, 2013


	Publicly Released: Feb 14, 2013
              State and Local Governments: Knowledge of Past Recessions Can Inform Future Federal Fiscal AssistanceGAO-11-401
      
	Published:  Mar 31, 2011


	Publicly Released: Mar 31, 2011
              Financial Assistance: Ongoing Challenges and Guiding Principles Related to Government Assistance For Private Sector CompaniesGAO-10-719
      
	Published:  Aug 03, 2010


	Publicly Released: Aug 03, 2010
              Status of the Small Business Administration's Implementation of Administrative Provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009GAO-10-298R
      
	Published:  Jan 19, 2010


	Publicly Released: Jan 19, 2010
              Troubled Asset Relief Program: The U.S. Government Role as Shareholder in AIG, Citigroup, Chrysler, and General Motors and Preliminary Views on its Investment Management ActivitiesGAO-10-325T
      
	Published:  Dec 16, 2009


	Publicly Released: Dec 16, 2009
              Recovery Act: States' and Localities' Current and Planned Uses of Funds While Facing Fiscal Stresses (Appendixes)GAO-09-830SP
      
	Published:  Jul 08, 2009


	Publicly Released: Jul 08, 2009
              Small Business Administration's Implementation of Administrative Provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvesment ActGAO-09-507R
      
	Published:  Apr 16, 2009


	Publicly Released: Apr 16, 2009
  

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  Federal Spending AccountabilityThis body of work highlights the importance of building accountability into funding mechanisms and ensuring that agencies are establishing adequate internal controls as programs are established. Existing controls may not be adequate to account for temporary program changes. As such, emergency measures require the federal government to balance meeting the immediate needs of the citizens and industry with protecting taxpayer interests.
      
      2017 Disaster Relief Oversight: Strategy Needed to Ensure Agencies’ Internal Control Plans Provide Sufficient InformationGAO-19-479
      
	Published:  Jun 28, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 28, 2019
              Fraud Risk Management: OMB Should Improve Guidelines and Working-Group Efforts to Support Agencies' Implementation of the Fraud Reduction and Data Analytics ActGAO-19-34
      
	Published:  Dec 04, 2018


	Publicly Released: Dec 04, 2018
              SSA Disability Benefits: Comprehensive Strategic Approach Needed to Enhance Antifraud ActivitiesGAO-17-228
      
	Published:  Apr 17, 2017


	Publicly Released: Apr 26, 2017
              Highlights of a Forum: Data Analytics to Address Fraud and Improper PaymentsGAO-17-339SP
      
	Published:  Mar 31, 2017


	Publicly Released: Mar 31, 2017
              Federal Spending Accountability: Preserving Capabilities of Recovery Operations Center Could Help Sustain Oversight of Federal ExpendituresGAO-15-814
      
	Published:  Sep 14, 2015


	Publicly Released: Sep 14, 2015
              A Framework for Managing Fraud Risks in Federal ProgramsGAO-15-593SP
      
	Published:  Jul 28, 2015


	Publicly Released: Jul 28, 2015
              Recovery Act: One Year Later, States' and Localities' Uses of Funds and Opportunities to Strengthen AccountabilityGAO-10-437
      
	Published:  Mar 03, 2010


	Publicly Released: Mar 03, 2010
              Troubled Asset Relief Program: One Year Later, Actions Are Needed to Address Remaining Transparency and Accountability ChallengesGAO-10-16
      
	Published:  Oct 08, 2009


	Publicly Released: Oct 08, 2009
              Recovery Act: As Initial Implementation Unfolds in States and Localities, Continued Attention to Accountability Issues Is EssentialGAO-09-631T
      
	Published:  Apr 23, 2009


	Publicly Released: Apr 23, 2009
              Troubled Asset Relief Program: Additional Actions Needed to Better Ensure Integrity, Accountability, and TransparencyGAO-09-161
      
	Published:  Dec 02, 2008


	Publicly Released: Dec 02, 2008
  

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  Food Insecurity and Nutrition Assistance ProgramsThe current coronavirus pandemic highlights the ongoing concerns about food insecurity. Our past work addresses the nutrition needs of college students, older adults, school aged children, and servicemembers. Topics include mass care organization and coordination in disasters, and summer meals programs for K-12 students.
      
      Nutrition Assistance Programs: Agencies Could Do More to Help Address the Nutritional Needs of Older AdultsGAO-20-18
      
	Published:  Nov 21, 2019


	Publicly Released: Dec 23, 2019
              Disaster Response: FEMA and the American Red Cross Need to Ensure Key Mass Care Organizations are Included in Coordination and PlanningGAO-19-526
      
	Published:  Sep 19, 2019


	Publicly Released: Sep 19, 2019
              Older Americans Act: HHS Could Help Rural Service Providers by Centralizing Information on Promising PracticesGAO-19-330
      
	Published:  May 23, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 24, 2019
              School Meals Programs: USDA Has Reported Taking Some Steps to Reduce Improper Payments but Should Comprehensively Assess Fraud RisksGAO-19-389
      
	Published:  May 21, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 04, 2019
              Food Insecurity: Better Information Could Help Eligible College Students Access Federal Food Assistance BenefitsGAO-19-95
      
	Published:  Dec 21, 2018


	Publicly Released: Jan 09, 2019
              Summer Meals: Improvements Needed to Address Participation Estimates and Program ChallengesGAO-18-611T
      
	Published:  Jul 17, 2018


	Publicly Released: Jul 17, 2018
              Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: More Information on Promising Practices Could Enhance States' Use of Data Matching for EligibilityGAO-17-111
      
	Published:  Oct 19, 2016


	Publicly Released: Nov 17, 2016
              Military Personnel: DOD Needs More Complete Data on Active-Duty Servicemembers' Use of Food Assistance ProgramsGAO-16-561
      
	Published:  Jul 15, 2016


	Publicly Released: Jul 15, 2016
              School Nutrition: USDA Has Efforts Underway to Help Address Ongoing Challenges Implementing Changes in Nutrition StandardsGAO-15-656
      
	Published:  Sep 14, 2015


	Publicly Released: Oct 14, 2015
              Older Americans Act: Updated Information on Unmet Need for ServicesGAO-15-601R
      
	Published:  Jun 10, 2015


	Publicly Released: Jun 15, 2015
              School Meal Programs: Implications of Adjusting Income Eligibility Thresholds and Reimbursement Rates by Geographic DifferencesGAO-14-557
      
	Published:  Jul 08, 2014


	Publicly Released: Aug 07, 2014
  

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  Medicare and Medicaid WaiversMedicare and Medicaid waivers can help facilitate care under pandemic conditions—but appropriate oversight is needed. Our past findings provide insights into existing challenges in this area.
      
      Medicaid Demonstrations: Actions Needed to Address Weaknesses in Oversight of Costs to Administer Work RequirementsGAO-20-149
      
	Published:  Oct 01, 2019


	Publicly Released: Oct 10, 2019
              Medicaid Demonstrations: Approvals of Major Changes Need Increased TransparencyGAO-19-315
      
	Published:  Apr 17, 2019


	Publicly Released: May 17, 2019
              Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services: Selected States' Program Structures and Challenges Providing ServicesGAO-18-628
      
	Published:  Aug 30, 2018


	Publicly Released: Oct 01, 2018
              Medicare and Medicaid: CMS Needs to Fully Align Its Antifraud Efforts with the Fraud Risk FrameworkGAO-18-88
      
	Published:  Dec 05, 2017


	Publicly Released: Dec 05, 2017
              Medicaid Demonstration Waivers: Approval Process Raises Cost Concerns and Lacks TransparencyGAO-13-384
      
	Published:  Jun 25, 2013


	Publicly Released: Jul 18, 2013
              Medicaid Demonstration Waivers: Recent HHS Approvals Continue to Raise Cost and Oversight ConcernsGAO-08-87
      
	Published:  Jan 31, 2008


	Publicly Released: Mar 03, 2008
              Long-Term Care: Federal Oversight of Growing Medicaid Home and Community-Based Waivers Should Be StrengthenedGAO-03-576
      
	Published:  Jun 20, 2003


	Publicly Released: Jul 07, 2003
  

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  Pandemics, Infectious Diseases, and other Disease OutbreaksThis collection of reports discusses funding, administration, federal responses to prior outbreaks (e.g., Ebola and Zika), and technologies (e.g., to enable rapid diagnoses of infectious diseases), among other topics.
      
      Science & Tech Spotlight: CoronavirusesGAO-20-472SP
      
	Published:  Mar 03, 2020


	Publicly Released: Mar 03, 2020
              Drug Development: FDA's Priority Review Voucher ProgramsGAO-20-251
      
	Published:  Jan 31, 2020


	Publicly Released: Jan 31, 2020
              Federal Research: Additional Actions Needed to Improve Public Access to Research ResultsGAO-20-81
      
	Published:  Nov 21, 2019


	Publicly Released: Nov 21, 2019
              Emergency Assistance for Zika: USAID Supported Activities Overseas but Could Improve Funds Tracking and Response PlanningGAO-19-356
      
	Published:  May 13, 2019


	Publicly Released: May 13, 2019
              National Security: Long-Range Emerging Threats Facing the United States As Identified by Federal AgenciesGAO-19-204SP
      
	Published:  Dec 13, 2018


	Publicly Released: Dec 13, 2018
              Zika Supplemental Funding: Status of HHS Agencies' Obligations, Disbursements, and the Activities FundedGAO-18-389
      
	Published:  May 14, 2018


	Publicly Released: May 14, 2018
              Infectious Disease Threats: Funding and Performance of Key Preparedness and Capacity-Building ProgramsGAO-18-362
      
	Published:  May 24, 2018


	Publicly Released: May 24, 2018
              Ebola Recovery: USAID Has Initiated or Completed Most Projects, but a Complete Project Inventory Is Still Needed for Evaluating Its EffortsGAO-18-350
      
	Published:  Mar 28, 2018


	Publicly Released: Mar 28, 2018
              Medical Devices: Capabilities and challenges of technologies to enable rapid diagnoses of infectious diseasesGAO-17-347
      
	Published:  Aug 14, 2017


	Publicly Released: Sep 13, 2017
              Emerging Infectious Diseases: Actions Needed to Address the Challenges of Responding to Zika Virus Disease OutbreaksGAO-17-445
      
	Published:  May 23, 2017


	Publicly Released: May 23, 2017
              Avian Influenza: USDA Has Taken Actions to Reduce Risks but Needs a Plan to Evaluate Its EffortsGAO-17-360
      
	Published:  Apr 13, 2017


	Publicly Released: May 11, 2017
              Defense Civil Support: DOD, HHS, and DHS Should Use Existing Coordination Mechanisms to Improve Their Pandemic PreparednessGAO-17-150
      
	Published:  Feb 10, 2017


	Publicly Released: Feb 10, 2017
              Public Health Emergencies: HHS Needs to Better Communicate Requirements and Revise Plans for Assessing Impact of Personnel ReassignmentGAO-17-187
      
	Published:  Jan 09, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jan 09, 2017
              Emergency Funding for Ebola Response: Some USAID Reimbursements Did Not Comply with Legislative Requirements and Need to Be ReversedGAO-17-35
      
	Published:  Nov 02, 2016


	Publicly Released: Nov 02, 2016
              Emerging Infectious Diseases: Preliminary Observations on the Zika Virus OutbreakGAO-16-470T
      
	Published:  Mar 02, 2016


	Publicly Released: Mar 02, 2016
              National Preparedness: HHS Has Funded Flexible Manufacturing Activities for Medical Countermeasures, but It Is Too Soon to Assess Their EffectGAO-14-329
      
	Published:  Mar 31, 2014


	Publicly Released: Mar 31, 2014
              Influenza: Progress Made in Responding to Seasonal and Pandemic OutbreaksGAO-13-374T
      
	Published:  Feb 12, 2013


	Publicly Released: Feb 12, 2013
              Influenza Pandemic: Agencies Report Progress in Plans to Protect Federal Workers but Oversight Could Be ImprovedGAO-12-748
      
	Published:  Jul 24, 2012


	Publicly Released: Jul 31, 2012
              Influenza Pandemic: Lessons from the H1N1 Pandemic Should Be Incorporated into Future PlanningGAO-11-632
      
	Published:  Jun 27, 2011


	Publicly Released: Jun 27, 2011
              Influenza Vaccine: Federal Investments in Alternative Technologies and Challenges to Development and LicensureGAO-11-435
      
	Published:  Jun 27, 2011


	Publicly Released: Jun 27, 2011
              Influenza Pandemic: Sustaining Focus on the Nation's Planning and Preparedness EffortsGAO-09-334
      
	Published:  Feb 26, 2009


	Publicly Released: Mar 05, 2009
              Public Health and Border Security: HHS and DHS Should Further Strengthen Their Ability to Respond to TB IncidentsGAO-09-58
      
	Published:  Oct 14, 2008


	Publicly Released: Nov 13, 2008
  

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  Retirement Income SecurityOur past work explores the retirement system—especially the fact that many Americans don’t have adequate retirement savings. The economic and financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to exacerbate these challenges and further jeopardize financial security for older workers and those who have already retired.
      
      Older Americans Act: HHS Could Help Rural Service Providers by Centralizing Information on Promising PracticesGAO-19-330
      
	Published:  May 23, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 24, 2019
              Retirement Security: Most Households Approaching Retirement Have Low Savings, an UpdateGAO-19-442R
      
	Published:  Mar 26, 2019


	Publicly Released: Mar 26, 2019
              Retirement Security: Most Households Approaching Retirement Have Low SavingsGAO-15-419
      
	Published:  May 12, 2015


	Publicly Released: Jun 02, 2015
              Retirement Security: Challenges for Those Claiming Social Security Benefits Early and New Health Coverage OptionsGAO-14-311
      
	Published:  Apr 23, 2014


	Publicly Released: May 27, 2014
              Income Security: Older Adults and the 2007-2009 RecessionGAO-12-76
      
	Published:  Oct 17, 2011


	Publicly Released: Oct 18, 2011
              Defined Contribution Plans: Key Information on Target Date Funds as Default Investments Should Be Provided to Plan Sponsors and ParticipantsGAO-11-118
      
	Published:  Jan 31, 2011


	Publicly Released: Feb 23, 2011



  TelehealthThe COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of telehealth. Our past work highlights some benefits and challenges.
      
      VA Health Care: Veterans' Use of Long-Term Care Is Increasing, and VA Faces Challenges in Meeting the DemandGAO-20-284
      
	Published:  Feb 19, 2020


	Publicly Released: Feb 19, 2020
              Defense Health Care: Plans Needed to Ensure Implementation of Required Elements for TRICARE's Managed Care Support ContractsGAO-20-197
      
	Published:  Feb 07, 2020


	Publicly Released: Feb 07, 2020
              VA Health Care: Efforts to Prioritize and Translate Research into Clinical PracticeGAO-20-211
      
	Published:  Jan 23, 2020


	Publicly Released: Jan 23, 2020
              Medicaid: Opioid Use Disorder Services for Pregnant and Postpartum Women, and ChildrenGAO-20-40
      
	Published:  Oct 24, 2019


	Publicly Released: Oct 24, 2019
              Department of Defense: Telehealth Use in Fiscal Year 2016GAO-18-108R
      
	Published:  Nov 14, 2017


	Publicly Released: Nov 14, 2017
              Telehealth: Use in Medicare and MedicaidGAO-17-760T
      
	Published:  Jul 20, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jul 20, 2017
              Health Care: Telehealth and Remote Patient Monitoring Use in Medicare and Selected Federal ProgramsGAO-17-365
      
	Published:  Apr 14, 2017


	Publicly Released: Apr 14, 2017
  

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  The National Biodefense StrategyThe United States has a National Biodefense Strategy that calls for a joint effort by multiple agencies and private sector partners. It spells out the nation’s plan to prepare for threats like COVID-19. The following reports highlight longstanding challenges and actions needed to address them.
      
      National Biodefense Strategy: Opportunities and Challenges with Early ImplementationGAO-20-483T
      
	Published:  Mar 11, 2020


	Publicly Released: Mar 11, 2020
              National Biodefense Strategy: Additional Efforts Would Enhance Likelihood of Effective ImplementationGAO-20-273
      
	Published:  Feb 19, 2020


	Publicly Released: Feb 19, 2020
              Biodefense: The Nation Faces Long-Standing Challenges Related to Defending Against Biological ThreatsGAO-19-635T
      
	Published:  Jun 26, 2019


	Publicly Released: Jun 26, 2019
              Biological Select Agents and Toxins: Actions Needed to Improve Management of DOD's Biosafety and Biosecurity ProgramGAO-18-422
      
	Published:  Sep 20, 2018


	Publicly Released: Sep 20, 2018
              High-Containment Laboratories: Coordinated Actions Needed to Enhance the Select Agent Program's Oversight of Hazardous PathogensGAO-18-145
      
	Published:  Oct 19, 2017


	Publicly Released: Oct 31, 2017
              Biodefense: Federal Efforts to Develop Biological Threat AwarenessGAO-18-155
      
	Published:  Oct 11, 2017


	Publicly Released: Oct 11, 2017
              Biological Defense: Additional Information That Congress May Find Useful as It Considers DOD's Advanced Development and Manufacturing CapabilityGAO-17-701
      
	Published:  Jul 17, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jul 17, 2017
              Chemical and Biological Defense: DOD Has Identified an Infrastructure Manager and Is Developing the Position's Roles and ResponsibilitiesGAO-17-522R
      
	Published:  Jul 07, 2017


	Publicly Released: Jul 07, 2017
              Air Travel and Communicable Diseases: Comprehensive Federal Plan Needed for U.S. Aviation System's PreparednessGAO-16-127
      
	Published:  Dec 16, 2015


	Publicly Released: Dec 16, 2015
              Chemical and Biological Defense: Designated Entity Needed to Identify, Align, and Manage DOD's InfrastructureGAO-15-257
      
	Published:  Jun 25, 2015


	Publicly Released: Jun 25, 2015
              Biological Defense: DOD Has Strengthened Coordination on Medical Countermeasures but Can Improve Its Process for Threat PrioritizationGAO-14-442
      
	Published:  May 15, 2014


	Publicly Released: May 15, 2014
              Biosurveillance: Nonfederal Capabilities Should Be Considered in Creating a National Biosurveillance StrategyGAO-12-55
      
	Published:  Oct 31, 2011


	Publicly Released: Oct 31, 2011
  

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  Unemployment Insurance, Reemployment Services, and Worker SafetyIn the past, we’ve reported on challenges to providing employment-related services—which may be exacerbated as states face worker safety concerns and increases in unemployment due to the pandemic.
      
      Contingent Workforce: BLS is Reassessing Measurement of Nontraditional WorkersGAO-19-273R
      
	Published:  Jan 29, 2019


	Publicly Released: Feb 28, 2019
              Reemployment Services: DOL Could Better Support States in Targeting Unemployment Insurance Claimants for ServicesGAO-18-633
      
	Published:  Sep 04, 2018


	Publicly Released: Sep 05, 2018
              Workplace Safety and Health: Better Outreach, Collaboration, and Information Needed to Help Protect Workers at Meat and Poultry PlantsGAO-18-12
      
	Published:  Nov 09, 2017


	Publicly Released: Dec 07, 2017
              Unemployment Insurance: States' Customer Service Challenges and DOL's Related AssistanceGAO-16-430
      
	Published:  May 12, 2016


	Publicly Released: Jun 13, 2016
              Unemployment Insurance: States' Reductions in Maximum Benefit Durations Have Implications for Federal CostsGAO-15-281
      
	Published:  Apr 22, 2015


	Publicly Released: May 21, 2015
              Unemployment Insurance: Economic Circumstances of Individuals Who Exhausted BenefitsGAO-12-408
      
	Published:  Feb 17, 2012


	Publicly Released: Feb 17, 2012
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