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[Congressional Bills 103th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 874 Introduced in House (IH)]

103d CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 874

  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and benefits for congressional 
              election campaigns, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            February 4, 1993

Mr. Cardin introduced the following bill; which was referred jointly to 
 the Committees on House Administration, Energy and Commerce, and Post 
                        Office and Civil Service

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and benefits for congressional 
              election campaigns, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF CAMPAIGN ACT; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Congressional 
Campaign Reform Act of 1993''.
    (b) Amendment of FECA.--When used in this Act, the term ``FECA'' 
means the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.).
    (c) Table of Contents.--

Sec. 1. Short title; amendment of Campaign Act; table of contents.
          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

  Subtitle A--Expenditure Limitations, Contribution Limitations, and 
    Matching Funds for Eligible House of Representatives Candidates

Sec. 101. Provisions applicable to eligible House of Representatives 
                            candidates.
Sec. 102. Limitations on political committee and large donor 
                            contributions that may be accepted by House 
                            of Representatives candidates.
Sec. 103. Excess funds of incumbents who are candidates for the House 
                            of Representatives.
                     Subtitle B--General Provisions

Sec. 121. Broadcast rates and preemption.
Sec. 122. Extension of reduced third-class mailing rates to eligible 
                            House of Representatives candidates.
Sec. 123. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures.
Sec. 124. Campaign advertising amendments.
Sec. 125. Definitions.
Sec. 126. Provisions relating to franked mass mailings.
Sec. 127. Debate Requirement.
                   TITLE II--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

Sec. 201. Clarification of definitions relating to independent 
                            expenditures.
                        TITLE III--EXPENDITURES

                   Subtitle A--Personal Loans; Credit

Sec. 301. Personal contributions and loans.
Sec. 302. Extensions of credit.
   Subtitle B--Provisions Relating to Soft Money of Political Parties

Sec. 311. Contributions to political party committees.
Sec. 312. Provisions relating to national, State, and local party 
                            committees.
Sec. 313. Restrictions on fundraising by candidates and officeholders.
Sec. 314. Reporting requirements.
                        TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS

Sec. 401. Contributions through intermediaries and conduits.
Sec. 402. Contributions by dependents not of voting age.
Sec. 403. Contributions to candidates from State and local committees 
                            of political parties to be aggregated.
Sec. 404. Limited exclusion of advances by campaign workers from the 
                            definition of the term ``contribution''.
                    TITLE V--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 501. Change in certain reporting from a calendar year basis to an 
                            election cycle basis.
Sec. 502. Personal and consulting services.
Sec. 503. Reduction in threshold for reporting of certain information 
                            by persons other than political committees.
Sec. 504. Computerized indices of contributions.
                 TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

Sec. 601. Use of candidates' names.
Sec. 602. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 603. Provisions relating to the general counsel of the Commission.
Sec. 604. Enforcement.
Sec. 605. Penalties.
Sec. 606. Random audits.
Sec. 607. Prohibition of false representation to solicit contributions.
Sec. 608. Regulations relating to use of non-Federal money.
                TITLE VII--BALLOT INITIATIVE COMMITTEES

Sec. 701. Definitions relating to ballot initiatives. 
Sec. 702. Amendment to definition of contribution. 
Sec. 703. Amendment to definition of expenditure. 
Sec. 704. Organization of ballot initiative committees. 
Sec. 705. Ballot initiative committee reporting requirements.
Sec. 706. Enforcement amendment.
Sec. 707. Prohibition of contributions in the name of another.
Sec. 708. Limitation on contribution of currency.
                       TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 801. Prohibition of leadership committees.
Sec. 802. Polling data contributed to candidates.
Sec. 803. Debates by general election candidates who receive amounts 
                            from the Presidential Election Campaign 
                            Fund.
Sec. 804. Prohibition of certain election-related activities of foreign 
                            nationals.
Sec. 805. Amendment to FECA section 316.
Sec. 806. Telephone voting by persons with disabilities.
Sec. 807. Prohibition of use of Government aircraft in connection with 
                            elections for Federal office.
Sec. 808. Sense of the Congress.
               TITLE IX--EFFECTIVE DATES; AUTHORIZATIONS

Sec. 901. Effective date.
Sec. 902. Budget neutrality.
Sec. 903. Severability.
Sec. 904. Expedited review of constitutional issues.

          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

  Subtitle A--Expenditure Limitations, Contribution Limitations, and 
    Matching Funds for Eligible House of Representatives Candidates

SEC. 101. PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
              CANDIDATES.

    (a) In General.--FECA is amended by adding at the end the following 
new title:

   ``TITLE V--EXPENDITURE LIMITATIONS, CONTRIBUTION LIMITATIONS, AND 
    MATCHING FUNDS FOR ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATES

``SEC. 501. EXPENDITURE LIMITATIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--An eligible House of Representatives candidate 
may not, in an election cycle, make expenditures aggregating more than 
$600,000, of which not more than $400,000 may be expended in the 
general election period.
    ``(b) Runoff Election and Special Election Amounts.--
            ``(1) Runoff election amount.--In addition to the 
        expenditures under subsection (a), an eligible House of 
        Representatives candidate who is a candidate in a runoff 
        election may make expenditures aggregating not more than 20 
        percent of the general election period limit under subsection 
        (a).
            ``(2) Special election amount.--An eligible House of 
        Representatives candidate who is a candidate in a special 
        election may make expenditures aggregating not more than 
        $400,000 with respect to the special election.
    ``(c) Closely Contested Primary.--If, as determined by the 
Commission, an eligible House of Representatives candidate in a 
contested primary election wins that primary election by a margin of 10 
percentage points or less, subject to the general election period 
limitation in subsection (a), the candidate may make additional 
expenditures of not more than $150,000 in the general election period. 
The additional expenditures shall be from contributions described in 
section 503(h) and payments described in section 504(f).
    ``(d) Nonparticipating Opponent Provisions.--
            ``(1) Limitation exception.--The limitations imposed by 
        subsections (a) and (b) do not apply in the case of an eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate if any other candidate 
        seeking nomination or election to that office--
                    ``(A) is not an eligible House of Representatives 
                candidate; and
                    ``(B) makes expenditures in excess of 80 percent of 
                the general election period limitation specified in 
                subsection (a).
            ``(2) Continued eligibility and additional matching 
        funds.--An eligible House of Representatives candidate referred 
        to in paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) shall continue to be eligible for all 
                benefits under this title; and
                    ``(B) shall receive matching funds without regard 
                to the ceiling under section 504(a).
            ``(3) Reporting requirement.--A candidate for the office of 
        Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
        Congress--
                    ``(A) who is not an eligible House of 
                Representatives candidate; and
                    ``(B) who--
                            ``(i) receives contributions in excess of 
                        50 percent of the general election period 
                        limitation specified in subsection (a)(1); or
                            ``(ii) makes expenditures in excess of 80 
                        percent of such limit;
        shall report that the threshold has been reached to the Clerk 
        of the House of Representatives not later than 48 hours after 
        reaching the threshold. The Clerk shall transmit a report 
        received under this paragraph to the Commission as soon as 
        possible (but no later than 4 working hours of the Commission) 
        after such receipt, and the Commission shall transmit a copy to 
        each other candidate in the election within 48 hours of 
        receipt.
    ``(e) Exemption for Certain Costs and Taxes.--Payments for legal 
and accounting compliance costs, and Federal, State, or local taxes 
with respect to a candidate's authorized committees, shall not be 
considered in the computation of amounts subject to limitation under 
this section.
    ``(f) Exemption for Fundraising Costs.--
            ``(1) Any costs incurred by an eligible House of 
        Representatives candidate or his or her authorized committee in 
        connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of 
        such candidate shall not be considered in the computation of 
        amounts subject to limitation under this section to the extent 
        that the aggregate of such costs does not exceed 5 percent of 
        the limitation under subsection (a) or subsection (b).
            ``(2) An amount equal to 5 percent of salaries and overhead 
        expenditures of an eligible House of Representatives 
        candidate's campaign headquarters and offices shall not be 
        considered in the computation of amounts subject to limitation 
        under this section. Any amount excluded under this paragraph 
        shall be applied against the fundraising expenditure exemption 
        under paragraph (1).
    ``(g) Civil Penalties.--
            ``(1) Low amount of excess expenditures.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who makes expenditures that 
        exceed a limitation under subsection (a) or subsection (b) by 
        2.5 percent or less shall pay to the Commission an amount equal 
        to the amount of the excess expenditures.
            ``(2) Medium amount of excess expenditures.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who makes expenditures that 
        exceed a limitation under subsection (a) or subsection (b) by 
        more than 2.5 percent and less than 5 percent shall pay to the 
        Commission an amount equal to three times the amount of the 
        excess expenditures.
            ``(3) Large amount of excess expenditures.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who makes expenditures that 
        exceed a limitation under subsection (a) or subsection (b) by 5 
        percent or more shall pay to the Commission an amount equal to 
        three times the amount of the excess expenditures plus a civil 
        penalty in an amount determined by the Commission.
    ``(h) Indexing.--The dollar amounts specified in subsections (a), 
(b), (c), and (e) shall be adjusted at the beginning of each calendar 
year based on the increase in the price index determined under section 
315(c), except that, for the purposes of such adjustment, the base 
period shall be calendar year 1993.

``SEC. 502. STATEMENT OF PARTICIPATION; CONTINUING ELIGIBILITY.

    ``(a) In General.--The Commission shall determine whether a 
candidate is in compliance with this title and, by reason of such 
compliance, is eligible to receive benefits under this title. Such 
determination shall--
            ``(1) in the case of an initial determination, be based on 
        a statement of participation submitted by the candidate; and
            ``(2) in the case of a determination of continuing 
        eligibility, be based on relevant additional information 
        submitted in such form and manner as the Commission may 
        require.
    ``(b) Filing.--The statement of participation referred to in 
subsection (a) shall be filed with the Clerk of the House of 
Representatives not later than January 31 of the election year or on 
the date on which the candidate files a statement of candidacy, 
whichever is later. The Clerk of the House of Representatives shall 
transmit a statement received under this section to the Commission as 
soon as possible.

``SEC. 503. CONTRIBUTION LIMITATIONS.

    ``(a) Eligible House of Representatives Candidate Limitation.--An 
eligible House of Representatives candidate may not, with respect to an 
election cycle, accept contributions aggregating in excess of $600,000.
    ``(b) Nonparticipating Opponent Provisions.--The limitations 
imposed by subsection (a) do not apply in the case of an eligible House 
of Representatives candidate if any other candidate seeking nomination 
or election to that office--
            ``(1) is not an eligible House of Representatives 
        candidate; and
            ``(2) receives contributions in excess of 50 percent of the 
        general election period limitation specified in section 501(a).
    ``(c) Transfer Provisions.--
            ``(1) If an eligible House of Representatives candidate 
        transfers any amount from an election cycle to a later election 
        cycle, the limitation with respect to the candidate under 
        subsection (a) for the later cycle shall be an amount equal to 
        the difference between the amount specified in that subsection 
        and the amount transferred.
            ``(2) If an eligible House of Representatives candidate 
        transfers any amount from an election cycle to a later election 
        cycle, each limitation with respect to the candidate under 
        section 315(j) for the later cycle shall be one-third of the 
        difference between the applicable amount specified in 
        subsection (a) and the amount transferred.
    ``(d) Runoff Amount.--In addition to the contributions under 
subsection (a), an eligible House of Representatives candidate who is a 
candidate in a runoff election may accept contributions aggregating not 
more than 20 percent of the general election expenditure limit under 
section 501(a) in the general election period. Of such contributions, 
one-half may be from political committees and one-half may be from 
persons referred to in section 315(j)(2).
    ``(e) Personal Contributions.--
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible House of Representatives 
        candidate may not, with respect to an election cycle, make 
        contributions to his or her own campaign totaling more than 
        $50,000 from the personal funds of the candidate. The amount 
        that the candidate may accept from persons referred to in 
        section 315(j)(2) shall be reduced by the amount of 
        contributions made under the preceding sentence. Contributions 
        from the personal funds of a candidate may not be matched under 
        section 504.
            ``(2) Limitation exception.--The limitation imposed by 
        paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of an eligible House 
        of Representatives candidate if any other candidate--
                    ``(A) is not an eligible House of Representatives 
                candidate; and
                    ``(B) receives contributions in excess of 50 
                percent of the general election period limitation 
                specified in section 501(a).
            ``(3) Triple match.--An eligible House of Representatives 
        candidate, whose opponent makes contributions to his or her own 
        campaign in excess of 50 percent of the general election period 
        limitation specified in section 501(a), shall receive $3 in 
        matching funds for each $1 certified by the Commission as 
        matchable for the eligible candidate.
    ``(f) Civil Penalties.--
            ``(1) Low amount of excess contributions.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who accepts contributions 
        that exceed the limitation under subsection (a) by 2.5 percent 
        or less shall refund the excess contributions to the persons 
        who made the contributions.
            ``(2) Medium amount of excess contributions.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who accepts contributions 
        that exceed a limitation under subsection (a) by more than 2.5 
        percent and less than 5 percent shall pay to the Commission an 
        amount equal to three times the amount of the excess 
        contributions.
            ``(3) Large amount of excess contributions.--Any eligible 
        House of Representatives candidate who accepts contributions 
        that exceed a limitation under subsection (a) by 5 percent or 
        more shall pay to the Commission an amount equal to three times 
        the amount of the excess contributions plus a civil penalty in 
        an amount determined by the Commission.
    ``(g) Exemption for Certain Costs.--(1) Any amount--
            ``(A) accepted by a candidate for the office of 
        Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the 
        Congress; and
            ``(B) used for legal and accounting compliance costs, or 
        used to pay Federal, State, or local taxes with respect to a 
        candidate's authorized committees shall not be considered in 
        the computation of amounts subject to limitation under 
        subsection (a).
    ``(2) The balance of funds maintained for legal and accounting 
compliance costs by the authorized committees of an eligible House of 
Representatives candidate shall not exceed 20 percent of the limit 
under subsection (a) at any time.
    ``(3) No funds received by a candidate under section 504 may be 
transferred to a separate legal and accounting compliance fund.
    ``(h) Closely Contested Primary.--If, as determined by the 
Commission, an eligible House of Representatives candidate in a 
contested primary election wins that primary election by a margin of 10 
percentage points or less, notwithstanding the limitation in subsection 
(a), the candidate may, in the general election period, accept 
additional contributions of not more than $150,000, consisting of--
            ``(1) not more than $50,000 from political committees; and
            ``(2) not more than $50,000 from individuals referred to in 
        section 315(j)(2).
    ``(i) Indexing.--The dollar amounts specified in subsections (a), 
(d), (e), and (h) shall be adjusted at the beginning of the calendar 
year based on the increase in the price index determined under section 
315(c), except that, for the purposes of such adjustment, the base 
period shall be calendar year 1992.

``SEC. 504. MATCHING FUNDS.

    ``(a) In General.--An eligible House of Representatives candidate 
shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to two times the amount of 
contributions from individuals received by the candidate, but not more 
than $400,000, and not to the extent that contributions from any 
individual during the election cycle exceed $250 in the aggregate.
    ``(b) Independent Expenditure Provision.--If, with respect to a 
general election involving an eligible House of Representatives 
candidate, independent expenditures totaling $10,000 are made against 
the eligible House of Representatives candidate or in favor of another 
candidate, the eligible House of Representatives candidate shall be 
entitled, in addition to any amount received under subsection (a), to a 
matching payment of $20,000 and additional matching payments equal to 
two times the amount of such independent expenditures above $10,000, 
and expenditures may be made from such payments without regard to the 
limitations in section 501.
    ``(c) Specific Requirements.--A candidate for the office of 
Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
Congress may receive matching funds under subsection (a) only if the 
candidate--
            ``(1) in an election cycle, has received $60,000 in 
        contributions from individuals, with not more than $250 to be 
        taken into account per individual;
            ``(2) qualifies for the election ballot;
            ``(3) has an opponent on the election ballot; and
            ``(4) files a statement of participation in which the 
        candidate agrees to--
                    ``(A) comply with the limitations under sections 
                501 and 503;
                    ``(B) cooperate in the case of any audit by the 
                Commission by furnishing such campaign records and 
                other information as the Commission may require; and
                    ``(C) comply with any repayment requirement under 
                section 505.
    ``(d) Written Instrument Requirement.--No contribution in any form 
other than a gift of money made by a written instrument that identifies 
the individual making the contribution may be used as a basis for any 
matching payment under this section.
    ``(e) Certification and Payment.--
            ``(1) Certification.--Except as provided in paragraphs (2) 
        and (3), not later than 5 days after receiving a request for 
        payment, the Commission shall certify for payment the amount 
        requested under subsection (a) or (b).
            ``(2) Payments.--The initial payment under subsection (a) 
        to an eligible candidate shall be $120,000. All payments shall 
        be--
                    ``(A) made not later than 48 hours after 
                certification under paragraph (1); and
                    ``(B) subject to proportional reduction in the case 
                of insufficient funds.
            ``(3) Incorrect request.--If the Commission determines that 
        any portion of a request is incorrect, the Commission shall 
        withhold the certification for that portion only and inform the 
        candidate as to how the candidate may correct the request.
    ``(f) Closely Contested Primary.--If, as determined by the 
Commission, an eligible House of Representatives candidate in a 
contested primary election wins that primary election by a margin of 10 
percentage points or less, the candidate shall be entitled to matching 
funds totaling not more than $50,000, in addition to any other amount 
received under this section.
    ``(g) Conversions to Personal Use.--A candidate may not convert any 
amount received under this section to personal use other than for 
reimbursement of verifiable prior campaign expenditures.
    ``(h) Indexing.--The dollar amounts specified in subsections (a), 
(b), (c) (other than the amount in subsection (c) to be taken into 
account per individual), and (f) shall be adjusted at the beginning of 
the calendar year based on the increase in the price index determined 
under section 315(c), except that, for the purposes of such adjustment, 
the base period shall be calendar year 1993.

``SEC. 505. EXAMINATION AND AUDITS; REPAYMENTS.

    ``(a) General Election.--After each general election, the 
Commission shall conduct an examination and audit of the campaign 
accounts of 10 percent of the eligible House of Representatives 
candidates, as designated by the Commission through the use of an 
appropriate statistical method of random selection, to determine 
whether such candidates have complied with the conditions of 
eligibility and other requirements of this title. No other factors 
shall be considered in carrying out such an examination and audit. In 
selecting the accounts to be examined and audited, the Commission shall 
select all eligible candidates from a congressional district where any 
eligible candidate is selected for examination and audit.
    ``(b) Special Election.--After each special election, the 
Commission shall conduct an examination and audit of the campaign 
accounts of all eligible candidates in the election to determine 
whether the candidates have complied with the conditions of eligibility 
and other requirements of this title.
    ``(c) Affirmative Vote.--The Commission may conduct an examination 
and audit of the campaign accounts of any eligible House of 
Representatives candidate in a general election if the Commission, by 
an affirmative vote of 4 members, determines that there exists reason 
to believe that such candidate may have violated any provision of this 
title.
    ``(d) Payments.--If the Commission determines that any amount of a 
payment to a candidate under this title was in excess of the aggregate 
payments to which such candidate was entitled, the Commission shall so 
notify the candidate, and the candidate shall pay an amount equal to 
the excess.

``SEC. 506. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    ``(a) Judicial Review.--Any agency action by the Commission made 
under the provisions of this title shall be subject to review by the 
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 
upon petition filed in such court within 30 days after the agency 
action by the Commission for which review is sought. It shall be the 
duty of the Court of Appeals, ahead of all matters not filed under this 
title, to advance on the docket and expeditiously take action on all 
petitions filed pursuant to this title.
    ``(b) Application of Title 5.--The provisions of chapter 7 of title 
5, United States Code, shall apply to judicial review of any agency 
action by the Commission.
    ``(c) Agency Action.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`agency action' has the meaning given such term by section 551(13) of 
title 5, United States Code.

``SEC. 507. PARTICIPATION BY COMMISSION IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.

    ``(a) Appearances.--The Commission is authorized to appear in and 
defend against any action instituted under this section and under 
section 506 either by attorneys employed in its office or by counsel 
whom it may appoint without regard to the provisions of title 5, United 
States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and 
whose compensation it may fix without regard to the provisions of 
chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title.
    ``(b) Institution of Actions.--The Commission is authorized, 
through attorneys and counsel described in subsection (a), to institute 
actions in the district courts of the United States to seek recovery of 
any amounts determined under this title to be payable to the Secretary.
    ``(c) Injunctive Relief.--The Commission is authorized, through 
attorneys and counsel described in subsection (a), to petition the 
courts of the United States for such injunctive relief as is 
appropriate in order to implement any provision of this title.
    ``(d) Appeals.--The Commission is authorized on behalf of the 
United States to appeal from, and to petition the Supreme Court for 
certiorari to review, judgments or decrees entered with respect to 
actions in which it appears pursuant to the authority provided in this 
section.

``SEC. 508. REPORTS TO CONGRESS; CERTIFICATIONS; REGULATIONS.

    ``(a) Reports.--The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after 
each election, submit a full report to the House of Representatives 
setting forth--
            ``(1) the expenditures (shown in such detail as the 
        Commission determines appropriate) made by each eligible 
        candidate and the authorized committees of such candidate;
            ``(2) the aggregate amount of matching fund payments 
        certified by the Commission under section 504 for each eligible 
        candidate; and
            ``(3) the amount of repayments, if any, required under 
        section 505, and the reasons for each repayment required.
Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be printed as a 
House document.
    ``(b) Determinations by Commission.--All determinations (including 
certifications under section 504) made by the Commission under this 
title shall be final and conclusive, except to the extent that they are 
subject to examination and audit by the Commission under section 505 or 
judicial review under section 506.
    ``(c) Rules and Regulations.--The Commission is authorized to 
prescribe such rules and regulations, in accordance with the provisions 
of subsection (d), to conduct such audits, examinations and 
investigations, and to require the keeping and submission of such 
books, records, and information, as it deems necessary to carry out the 
functions and duties imposed on it by this title.
    ``(d) Report of Proposed Regulations.--The Commission shall submit 
to the House of Representatives a report containing a detailed 
explanation and justification of each rule, regulation, and form of the 
Commission under this title. No such rule, regulation, or form may take 
effect until a period of 30 legislative days has elapsed after the 
report is received. As used in this subsection--
            ``(1) the term `legislative day' means any calendar day on 
        which the House of Representatives is in session; and
            ``(2) the terms `rule' and `regulation' mean a provision or 
        series of interrelated provisions stating a single, separable 
        rule of law.

``SEC. 509. CLOSED CAPTIONING REQUIREMENT FOR TELEVISION COMMERCIALS OF 
              ELIGIBLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATES.

    ``No eligible House of Representatives candidate may receive 
amounts under section 504 unless such candidate has certified that any 
television commercial prepared or distributed by the candidate will be 
prepared in a manner that contains, is accompanied by, or otherwise 
readily permits closed captioning of the oral content of the commercial 
to be broadcast by way of line 21 of the vertical blanking interval, or 
by way of comparable successor technologies.''.
    (b) Effect of Invalidity on Other Provisions of Act.--If title V of 
FECA (as added by this section), or any part thereof, is held to be 
invalid, all provisions of, and amendments made by, this Act, shall be 
treated as invalid.

SEC. 102. LIMITATIONS ON POLITICAL COMMITTEE AND LARGE DONOR 
              CONTRIBUTIONS THAT MAY BE ACCEPTED BY HOUSE OF 
              REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATES.

    Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441a) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(i)(1) A candidate for the office of Representative in, or 
Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress may not, with 
respect to an election cycle, accept contributions from political 
committees aggregating in excess of $200,000.
    ``(2) A candidate for the office of Representative in, or Delegate 
or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress may not, with respect to an 
election cycle, accept contributions aggregating in excess of $200,000 
from persons other than political committees whose contributions total 
more than $250.
    ``(3) In addition to the contributions under paragraphs (1) and 
(2), a House of Representatives candidate who is a candidate in a 
runoff election may accept contributions aggregating not more than 
$80,000 with respect to the runoff election. Of such contributions, 
one-half may be from political committees and one-half may be from 
persons referred to in paragraph (2).
    ``(4) Any amount--
            ``(A) accepted by a candidate for the office of 
        Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the 
        Congress; and
            ``(B) used for legal and accounting compliance costs, 
        Federal, State, and local taxes,
shall not be considered in the computation of amounts subject to 
limitation under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), but shall be subject to 
the other limitations of this Act.
    ``(5) In addition to any other contributions under this subsection, 
if, as determined by the Commission, an eligible House of 
Representatives candidate in a contested primary election wins that 
primary election by a margin of 10 percentage points or less, the 
candidate may, in the general election period, accept contributions of 
not more than $150,000, consisting of--
              ``(A) not more than $50,000 from political committees; 
        and
              ``(B) not more than $50,000 from persons referred to in 
        paragraph (2).
    ``(6) The dollar amounts specified in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and 
(5) (other than the amounts in paragraphs (2) and (5) relating to 
contribution totals) shall be adjusted in the manner provided in 
section 315(c), except that, for the purposes of such adjustment, the 
base period shall be calendar year 1993.''.

SEC. 103. EXCESS FUNDS OF INCUMBENTS WHO ARE CANDIDATES FOR THE HOUSE 
              OF REPRESENTATIVES.

    An individual who--
            (1) is a candidate for the office of Representative in, or 
        Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress in an 
        election cycle to which title V of FECA (as enacted by section 
        101 of this Act) applies;
            (2) is an incumbent of that office; and
            (3) as of the date of the first statement of participation 
        submitted by the individual under section 502 of FECA, has 
        campaign accounts containing in excess of $600,000;
shall deposit such excess in a separate account subject to the 
provision of section 304 of FECA. The amount so deposited shall be 
available for any lawful purpose other than use, with respect to the 
individual, for an election for the office of Representative in, or 
Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.

                     Subtitle B--General Provisions

SEC. 121. BROADCAST RATES AND PREEMPTION.

    (a) Broadcast Rates.--Section 315(b) of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)) is amended in paragraph (1)--
                    (1) by striking out ``forty-five'' and inserting in 
                lieu thereof ``30'';
                    (2) by striking out ``sixty'' and inserting in lieu 
                thereof ``45''; and
                    (3) by striking out ``lowest unit charge of the 
                station for the same class and amount of time for the 
                same period'' and inserting ``lowest charge of the 
                station for the same amount of time for the same period 
                on the same date''.
    (b) Preemption; Access.--Section 315 of such Act (47 U.S.C. 315) is 
amended by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and 
(e), respectively, and by inserting immediately after subsection (b) 
the following new subsection:
    ``(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a licensee shall not 
preempt the use, during any period specified in subsection (b)(1), of a 
broadcasting station by a legally qualified candidate for public office 
who has purchased and paid for such use pursuant to the provisions of 
subsection (b)(1).
    ``(2) If a program to be broadcast by a broadcasting station is 
preempted because of circumstances beyond the control of the 
broadcasting station, any candidate advertising spot scheduled to be 
broadcast during that program may also be preempted.''.

SEC. 122. EXTENSION OF REDUCED THIRD-CLASS MAILING RATES TO ELIGIBLE 
              HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CANDIDATES.

    Section 3626(e) of title 39, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                    (A) by striking out ``and the National'' and 
                inserting in lieu thereof ``the National''; and
                    (B) by striking out ``Committee;'' and inserting in 
                lieu thereof ``Committee, and, subject to paragraph 
                (3), the principal campaign committee of an eligible 
                House of Representatives candidate;'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking out ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (3) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking out the period and 
        inserting in lieu thereof ``; and'';
            (4) by adding after paragraph (2)(C) the following new 
        subparagraph:
            ``(D) the terms `eligible House of Representatives 
        candidate', and `principal campaign committee' have the 
        meanings given those terms in section 301 of the Federal 
        Election Campaign Act of 1971.''; and
            (5) by adding after paragraph (2) the following new 
        paragraph:
    ``(3) The rate made available under this subsection with respect to 
an eligible House of Representatives candidate shall apply only to--
            ``(A) the general election period (as defined in section 
        301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971); and
            ``(B) that number of pieces of mail equal to the number of 
        individuals in the voting age population (as certified under 
        section 315(e) of such Act) of the congressional district.''.

SEC. 123. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.

    Section 304(c) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking out the undesignated 
        matter after subparagraph (C);
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (5); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (2), as amended by 
        paragraph (1), the following new paragraphs:
    ``(3)(A) Any independent expenditure (including those described in 
subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section) aggregating $1,000 or more 
made after the 20th day, but more than 24 hours, before any election 
shall be reported within 24 hours after such independent expenditure is 
made.
    ``(B) Any independent expenditure aggregating $10,000 or more made 
at any time up to and including the 20th day before any election shall 
be reported within 48 hours after such independent expenditure is made. 
An additional statement shall be filed each time independent 
expenditures aggregating $10,000 are made with respect to the same 
election as the initial statement filed under this section.
    ``(C) Such statement shall be filed with the Clerk of the House of 
Representatives and the Secretary of State of the State involved and 
shall contain the information required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of 
this section, including whether the independent expenditure is in 
support of, or in opposition to, the candidate involved. The Clerk of 
the House of Representatives shall as soon as possible (but not later 
than 4 working hours of the Commission) after receipt of a statement 
transmit it to the Commission. Not later than 48 hours after the 
Commission receives a report, the Commission shall transmit a copy of 
the report to each candidate seeking nomination or election to that 
office.
    ``(D) For purposes of this section, the term `made' includes any 
action taken to incur an obligation for payment.
    ``(4)(A) If any person intends to make independent expenditures 
totaling $5,000 during the 20 days before an election, such person 
shall file a statement no later than the 20th day before the election.
    ``(B) Such statement shall be filed with the Clerk of the House of 
Representatives and the Secretary of State of the State involved, and 
shall identify each candidate whom the expenditure will support or 
oppose. The Clerk of the House of Representatives shall as soon as 
possible (but not later than 4 working hours of the Commission) after 
receipt of a statement transmit it to the Commission. Not later than 48 
hours after the Commission receives a statement under this paragraph, 
the Commission shall transmit a copy of the statement to each candidate 
identified.
    ``(5) The Commission may make its own determination that a person 
has made, or has incurred obligations to make, independent expenditures 
with respect to any Federal election which in the aggregate exceed the 
applicable amounts under paragraph (3) or (4). The Commission shall 
notify each candidate in such election of such determination within 24 
hours of making it.
    ``(6) At the same time as a candidate is notified under paragraph 
(3), (4), or (5) with respect to expenditures during a general election 
period, the Commission shall certify eligibility to receive benefits 
under section 504(b).
    ``(7) The Clerk of the House of Representatives shall make any 
statement received under this subsection available for public 
inspection and copying in the same manner as the Commission under 
section 311(a)(4), and shall preserve such statements in the same 
manner as the Commission under section 311(a)(5).''.

SEC. 124. CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING AMENDMENTS.

    Section 318 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441d) is amended--
            (1) in the matter before paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
        by striking ``an expenditure'' and inserting ``a 
        disbursement'';
            (2) in the matter before paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
        by striking ``direct'';
            (3) in paragraph (3) of subsection (a), by inserting after 
        ``name'' the following ``and permanent street address''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(c) Any printed communication described in subsection (a) shall 
be--
            ``(1) of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the 
        recipient of the communication;
            ``(2) contained in a printed box set apart from the other 
        contents of the communication; and
            ``(3) consist of a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement.
    ``(d)(1) Any broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
subsection (a)(1) or subsection (a)(2) shall include, in addition to 
the requirements of those subsections an audio statement by the 
candidate that identifies the candidate and states that the candidate 
has approved the communication.
    ``(2) If a broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
paragraph (1) is broadcast or cablecast by means of television, the 
statement required by paragraph (1) shall--
                    ``(A) appear in a clearly readable manner with a 
                reasonable degree of color contrast between the 
                background and the printed statement, for a period of 
                at least 4 seconds; and
                    ``(B) be accompanied by a clearly identifiable 
                photographic or similar image of the candidate.
    ``(e) Any broadcast or cablecast communication described in 
subsection (a)(3) shall include, in addition to the requirements of 
those subsections, in a clearly spoken manner, the following 
statement--
            `             is responsible for the content of this 
        advertisement.'
with the blank to be filled in with the name of the political committee 
or other person paying for the communication and the name of any 
connected organization of the payor; and, if broadcast or cablecast by 
means of television, shall also appear in a clearly readable manner 
with a reasonable degree of color contrast between the background and 
the printed statement, for a period of at least 4 seconds.''.

SEC. 125. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 301 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by 
striking paragraph (19) and inserting the following new paragraphs:
    ``(19) The term `general election' means any election which will 
directly result in the election of a person to a Federal office, but 
does not include an open primary election.
    ``(20) The term `general election period' means, with respect to 
any candidate, the period beginning on the day after the date of the 
primary or runoff election for the specific office the candidate is 
seeking, whichever is later, and ending on the earlier of--
            ``(A) the date of such general election; or
            ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws from the 
        campaign or otherwise ceases actively to seek election.
    ``(21) The term `immediate family' means--
            ``(A) a candidate's spouse;
            ``(B) a child, stepchild, parent, grandparent, brother, 
        half-brother, sister or half-sister of the candidate or the 
        candidate's spouse; and
            ``(C) the spouse of any person described in subparagraph 
        (B).
    ``(22) The term `major party' has the meaning given such term in 
section 9002(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, except that if a 
candidate qualified under State law for the ballot in a general 
election in an open primary in which all the candidates for the office 
participated and which resulted in the candidate and at least one other 
candidate qualifying for the ballot in the general election, such 
candidate shall be treated as a candidate of a major party for purposes 
of title V.
    ``(23) The term `primary election' means an election which may 
result in the selection of a candidate for the ballot in a general 
election for a Federal office.
    ``(24) The term `primary election period' means, with respect to 
any candidate, the period beginning on the day following the date of 
the last election for the specific office the candidate is seeking and 
ending on the earlier of--
            ``(A) the date of the first primary election for that 
        office following the last general election for that office; or
            ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws from the 
        election or otherwise ceases actively to seek election.
    ``(25) The term `runoff election' means an election held after a 
primary election which is prescribed by applicable State law as the 
means for deciding which candidate will be on the ballot in the general 
election for a Federal office.
    ``(26) The term `runoff election period' means, with respect to any 
candidate, the period beginning on the day following the date of the 
last primary election for the specific office such candidate is seeking 
and ending on the date of the runoff election for such office.
    ``(27) The term `voting age population' means the resident 
population, 18 years of age or older, as certified pursuant to section 
315(e).
    ``(28) The term `eligible House of Representatives candidate' means 
a candidate for election to the office of Representative in, or 
Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, who, as determined 
by the Commission under section 502, is eligible to receive matching 
payments and other benefits under title V by reason of filing a 
statement of participation and complying with the continuing 
eligibility requirements under section 502.
    ``(29) The term `election cycle' means--
            ``(A) in the case of a candidate or the authorized 
        committees of a candidate, the term beginning on the day after 
        the date of the most recent general election for the specific 
        office or seat which such candidate seeks and ending on the 
        date of the next general election for such office or seat; or
            ``(B) for all other persons, the term beginning on the 
        first day following the date of the last general election and 
        ending on the date of the next general election.''.
    (b) Identification.--Section 301(13) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(13)) is 
amended by striking ``mailing address'' and inserting ``permanent 
residence address''.

SEC. 126. PROVISIONS RELATING TO FRANKED MASS MAILINGS.

    (a) Section 3210 of title 39, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(7), by striking ``, except that--'' 
        and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting a period; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ``delivery--'' and 
        all that follows through the end of subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting ``delivery within that area constituting the 
        congressional district or State from which the Member was 
        elected.''.
    (b) Prohibition on Use of Official Funds.--The Committee on House 
Administration of the House of Representatives may not approve any 
payment, nor may a Member of the House of Representatives make any 
expenditure from, any allowance of the House of Representatives or any 
other official funds if any portion of the payment or expenditure is 
for any cost related to a mass mailing by a Member of the House of 
Representatives outside the congressional district of the Member.

SEC. 127. DEBATE REQUIREMENT.

    (a) In General .--To be eligible to receive any benefits under this 
title with respect to a general election, a candidate shall participate 
in at least one public debate (moderated by a nonpartisan group 
selected by the Federal Election Commission) during the 45 days before 
the election.
    (b) Regulations.--In accordance with regulations prescribed by the 
Federal Election Commission, the Federal Communications Commission 
shall implement a plan which provides that the television stations that 
serve a significant concentration of residents of a congressional 
district shall make time available to broadcast at least one such 
public debate on a rotating basis.

                   TITLE II--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

SEC. 201. CLARIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS RELATING TO INDEPENDENT 
              EXPENDITURES.

    (a) Independent Expenditure Definition Amendment.--Section 301 of 
FECA (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by striking paragraphs (17) and (18) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(17)(A) The term `independent expenditure' means an expenditure 
for an advertisement or other communication that--
            ``(i) contains express advocacy; and
            ``(ii) is made without the participation or cooperation of 
        a candidate or a candidate's representative.
    ``(B) The following shall not be considered an independent 
expenditure:
            ``(i) An expenditure made by a political committee of a 
        political party.
            ``(ii) An expenditure made by a person who, during the 
        election cycle, has communicated with or received information 
        from a candidate or a representative of that candidate 
        regarding activities that have the purpose of influencing that 
        candidate's election to Federal office, where the expenditure 
        is in support of that candidate or in opposition to another 
        candidate for that office.
            ``(iii) An expenditure if there is any arrangement, 
        coordination, or direction with respect to the expenditure 
        between the candidate or the candidate's agent and the person 
        making the expenditure.
            ``(iv) An expenditure if, in the same election cycle, the 
        person making the expenditure is or has been--
                    ``(I) authorized to raise or expend funds on behalf 
                of the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
                committees; or
                    ``(II) serving as a member, employee, or agent of 
                the candidate's authorized committees in an executive 
                or policymaking position.
            ``(v) An expenditure if the person making the expenditure 
        has advised or counseled the candidate or the candidate's 
        agents at any time on the candidate's plans, projects, or needs 
        relating to the candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, 
        or election, to Federal office, in the same election cycle, 
        including any advice relating to the candidate's decision to 
        seek Federal office.
            ``(vi) An expenditure if the person making the expenditure 
        retains the professional services of any individual or other 
        person also providing those services in the same election cycle 
        to the candidate in connection with the candidate's pursuit of 
        nomination for election, or election, to Federal office, 
        including any services relating to the candidate's decision to 
        seek Federal office.
            ``(vii) An expenditure if the person making the expenditure 
        has consulted at any time during the same election cycle about 
        the candidate's plans, projects, or needs relating to the 
        candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, or election, to 
        Federal office, with--
                    ``(I) any officer, director, employee or agent of a 
                party committee that has made or intends to make 
                expenditures or contributions, pursuant to subsections 
                (a), (d), or (h) of section 315 in connection with the 
                candidate's campaign; or
                    ``(II) any person whose professional services have 
                been retained by a political party committee that has 
                made or intends to make expenditures or contributions 
                pursuant to subsections (a), (d), or (h) of section 315 
                in connection with the candidate's campaign.
For purposes of this subparagraph, the person making the expenditure 
shall include any officer, director, employee, or agent of such person.
    ``(18) The term `express advocacy' means, when a communication is 
taken as a whole, an expression of support for or opposition to a 
specific candidate, to a specific group of candidates, or to candidates 
of a particular political party, or a suggestion to take action with 
respect to an election, such as to vote for or against, make 
contributions to, or participate in campaign activity.''.
    (b) Contribution Definition Amendment.--Section 301(8)(A) of FECA 
(2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' after the semicolon 
        at the end;
            (2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(iii) any payment or other transaction referred to in 
        paragraph (17)(A)(i) that does not qualify as an independent 
        expenditure under paragraph (17)(A)(ii).''.

                        TITLE III--EXPENDITURES

                   Subtitle A--Personal Loans; Credit

SEC. 301. PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND LOANS.

    Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a), as amended by section 102, is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(k) Limitations on Payments to Candidates.--(1) If a candidate or 
a member of the candidate's immediate family made any loans to the 
candidate or to the candidate's authorized committees during any 
election cycle, no contributions after the date of the general election 
for such election cycle may be used to repay such loans.
    ``(2) No contribution by a candidate or member of the candidate's 
immediate family may be returned to the candidate or member other than 
as part of a pro rata distribution of excess contributions to all 
contributors.''.

SEC. 302. EXTENSIONS OF CREDIT.

    Section 301(8)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)), as amended by 
section 201(b), is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by inserting at the end the following new clause:
                    ``(iv) with respect to a candidate and the 
                candidate's authorized committees, any extension of 
                credit for goods or services relating to advertising on 
                broadcasting stations, in newspapers or magazines, or 
                by mailings, or relating to other similar types of 
                general public political advertising, if such extension 
                of credit is--
                            ``(I) in an amount of more than $1,000; and
                            ``(II) for a period greater than the 
                        period, not in excess of 60 days, for which 
                        credit is generally extended in the normal 
                        course of business after the date on which such 
                        goods or services are furnished or the date of 
                        the mailing in the case of advertising by a 
                        mailing.''.

   Subtitle B--Provisions Relating to Soft Money of Political Parties

SEC. 311. CONTRIBUTIONS TO POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES.

    (a) Individual Contributions to State Party.--Paragraph (1) of 
section 315(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(1)) is amended by striking 
``or'' at the end of subparagraph (B), by redesignating subparagraph 
(C) as subparagraph (D), and by inserting after subparagraph (B) the 
following new subparagraph:
            ``(C) to political committees established and maintained by 
        a State committee of a political party in any calendar year 
        which, in the aggregate, exceed $10,000; or''.
    (b) Multicandidate Committee Contributions to State Party.--
Paragraph (2) of section 315(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(2)) is 
amended by striking ``or'' at the end of subparagraph (B), by 
redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D), and by inserting 
after subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:
            ``(C) to political committees established and maintained by 
        a State committee of a political party in any calendar year 
        which, in the aggregate, exceed $10,000; or''.
    (c) Increase in Overall Limit.--Paragraph (3) of section 315(a) of 
FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(3)) is amended by adding at the end thereof the 
following new sentence: ``The limitation under this paragraph shall be 
increased (but not by more than $5,000) by the amount of contributions 
made by an individual during a calendar year to political committees 
which are taken into account for purposes of paragraph (1)(C).''.

SEC. 312. PROVISIONS RELATING TO NATIONAL, STATE, AND LOCAL PARTY 
              COMMITTEES.

    (a) Expenditures by State Committees in Connection With 
Presidential Campaigns.--Section 315(d) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(d)) is 
amended by inserting at the end thereof the following new paragraph:
    ``(4) A State committee of a political party, including subordinate 
committees of that State committee, shall not make expenditures in 
connection with the general election campaign of a candidate for 
President of the United States who is affiliated with such party which, 
in the aggregate, exceed an amount equal to 4 cents multiplied by the 
voting age population of the State, as certified under subsection (e). 
This paragraph shall not authorize a committee to make expenditures for 
audio broadcasts (including television broadcasts) in excess of the 
amount which could have been made without regard to this paragraph.''.
    (b) Contribution and Expenditure Exceptions.--(1) Section 301(8)(B) 
of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended--
            (A) in clause (xi), by striking ``direct mail'' and 
        inserting ``mail''; and
            (B) by repealing clauses (x) and (xii).
    (2) Section 301(9)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(9)(B)) is amended by 
repealing clauses (viii) and (ix).
    (c) Soft Money of Committees of Political Parties.--(1) Title III 
of FECA is amended by inserting after section 323 the following new 
section:

                      ``political party committees

    ``Sec. 324. (a) Any amount solicited, received, or expended 
directly or indirectly by a national, State, district, or local 
committee of a political party (including any subordinate committee) 
with respect to an activity which, in whole or in part, is in 
connection with an election to Federal office shall be subject in its 
entirety to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements 
of this Act.
    ``(b) For purposes of subsection (a)--
            ``(1) Any activity which is solely for the purpose of 
        influencing an election for Federal office is in connection 
        with an election for Federal office.
            ``(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), any of the 
        following activities during a Federal election period shall be 
        treated as in connection with an election for Federal office:
                    ``(A) Voter registration and get-out-the-vote 
                activities.
                    ``(B) Campaign activities, including broadcasting, 
                newspaper, magazine, billboard, mass mail, and 
                newsletter communications, and similar kinds of 
                communications or public advertising that--
                            ``(i) are generic campaign activities; or
                            ``(ii) identify a Federal candidate 
                        regardless of whether a State or local 
                        candidate is also identified.
                    ``(C) The preparation and dissemination of campaign 
                materials that are part of a generic campaign activity 
                or that identify a Federal candidate, regardless of 
                whether a State or local candidate is also identified.
                    ``(D) Development and maintenance of voter files.
                    ``(E) Any other activity affecting (in whole or in 
                part) an election for Federal office.
            ``(3) The following shall not be treated as in connection 
        with a Federal election:
                    ``(A) Any amount described in section 
                301(8)(B)(viii).
                    ``(B) Any amount contributed to a candidate for 
                other than Federal office.
                    ``(C) Any amount received or expended in connection 
                with a State or local political convention.
                    ``(D) Campaign activities, including broadcasting, 
                newspaper, magazine, billboard, mass mail, and 
                newsletter communications, and similar kinds of 
                communications or public advertising that are 
                exclusively on behalf of State or local candidates and 
                are not activities described in paragraph (2)(A).
                    ``(E) Administrative expenses of a State or local 
                committee of a political party, including expenses 
                for--
                            ``(i) overhead;
                            ``(ii) staff (other than individuals 
                        devoting a substantial portion of their 
                        activities to elections for Federal office);
                            ``(iii) meetings; and
                            ``(iv) conducting party elections or 
                        caucuses.
                    ``(F) Research pertaining solely to State and local 
                candidates and issues.
                    ``(G) Development and maintenance of voter files 
                other than during a Federal election period.
                    ``(H) Activities described in paragraph (2)(A) 
                which are conducted other than during a Federal 
                election period.
                    ``(I) Any other activity which is solely for the 
                purpose of influencing, and which solely affects, an 
                election for non-Federal office.
            ``(4) For purposes of this subsection, the term `Federal 
        election period' means the period--
                    ``(A) beginning on June 1, of any even-numbered 
                calendar year (April 1 if an election to the office of 
                President occurs in such year), and
                    ``(B) ending on the date during such year on which 
                regularly scheduled general elections for Federal 
                office occur.
        In the case of a special election, the Federal election period 
        shall include at least the 60-day period ending on the date of 
        the election.
    ``(c) Solicitation of Committees.--(1) A national committee of a 
political party may not solicit or accept contributions not subject to 
the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act.
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to contributions that--
            ``(A) are to be transferred to a State committee of a 
        political party for use directly for activities described in 
        subsection (b)(3); or
            ``(B) are to be used by the committee primarily to support 
        such activities.
    ``(d) Amounts Received From State and Local Candidate Committees.--
(1) For purposes of subsection (a), any amount received by a national, 
State, district, or local committee of a political party (including any 
subordinate committee) from a State or local candidate committee shall 
be treated as meeting the requirements of subsection (a) and section 
304(d) if--
            ``(A) such amount is derived from funds which meet the 
        requirements of this Act with respect to any limitation or 
        prohibition as to source or dollar amount, and
            ``(B) the State or local candidate committee--
                    ``(i) maintains, in the account from which payment 
                is made, records of the sources and amounts of funds 
                for purposes of determining whether such requirements 
                are met, and
                    ``(ii) certifies to the other committee that such 
                requirements were met.
    ``(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), any committee receiving any 
contribution described in paragraph (1) from a State or local candidate 
committee shall be required to meet the reporting requirements of this 
Act with respect to receipt of the contribution from such candidate 
committee.
    ``(3) For purposes of this subsection, a State or local candidate 
committee is a committee established, financed, maintained, or 
controlled by a candidate for other than Federal office.''.
    (2) Section 315(d) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(d)), as amended by 
subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end thereof the following 
new paragraph:
            ``(5)(A) The national committee of a political party, the 
        congressional campaign committees of a political party, and a 
        State or local committee of a political party, including a 
        subordinate committee of any of the preceding committees, shall 
        not make expenditures during any calendar year for activities 
        described in section 324(b)(2) with respect to such State 
        which, in the aggregate, exceed an amount equal to 30 cents 
        multiplied by the voting age population of the State (as 
        certified under subsection (e)).
            ``(B) Expenditures authorized under this paragraph shall be 
        in addition to other expenditures allowed under this 
        subsection, except that this paragraph shall not authorize a 
        committee to make expenditures to which paragraph (3) or (4) 
        applies in excess of the limit applicable to such expenditures 
        under paragraph (3) or (4).
            ``(C) No adjustment to the limitation under this paragraph 
        shall be made under subsection (c) before 1992 and the base 
        period for purposes of any such adjustment shall be 1990.
            ``(D) For purposes of this paragraph--
                    ``(i) a local committee of a political party shall 
                only include a committee that is a political committee 
                (as defined in section 301(4)); and
                    ``(ii) a State committee shall not be required to 
                record or report under this Act the expenditures of any 
                other committee which are made independently from the 
                State committee.''.
            (3) Section 301(4) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(4)) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following new sentence:
                ``For purposes of subparagraph (C), any payments for 
                get-out-the-vote activities on behalf of candidates for 
                office other than Federal office shall be treated as 
                payments exempted from the definition of expenditure 
                under paragraph (9) of this section.''.
    (d) Generic Activities.--Section 301 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431), as 
amended by section 125, is amended by adding at the end thereof the 
following new paragraph:
            ``(30) The term `generic campaign activity' means a 
        campaign activity the preponderant purpose or effect of which 
        is to promote a political party rather than any particular 
        Federal or non-Federal candidate.''.

SEC. 313. RESTRICTIONS ON FUNDRAISING BY CANDIDATES AND OFFICEHOLDERS.

    (a) State Fundraising Activities.--Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
441a), as amended by section 301, is amended by adding at the end 
thereof the following new subsection:
    ``(l) Limitations on Fundraising Activities of Federal Candidates 
and Officeholders and Certain Political Committees.--(1) For purposes 
of this Act, a candidate for Federal office (or an individual holding 
Federal office) may not solicit funds to, or receive funds on behalf 
of, any Federal or non-Federal candidate or political committee--
            ``(A) which are to be expended in connection with any 
        election for Federal office unless such funds are subject to 
        the limitations, prohibitions, and requirements of this Act; or
            ``(B) which are to be expended in connection with any 
        election for other than Federal office unless such funds are 
        not in excess of amounts permitted with respect to Federal 
        candidates and political committees under this Act, and are not 
        from sources prohibited by this Act with respect to elections 
        to Federal office.
    ``(2)(A) The aggregate amount which a person described in 
subparagraph (B) may solicit from a multicandidate political committee 
for State committees described in subsection (a)(1)(C) (including 
subordinate committees) for any calendar year shall not exceed the 
dollar amount in effect under subsection (a)(2)(B) for the calendar 
year.
    ``(B) A person is described in this subparagraph if such person is 
a candidate for Federal office, an individual holding Federal office, 
or any national, State, district, or local committee of a political 
party (including subordinate committees).
    ``(3) The appearance or participation by a candidate or individual 
in any activity (including fundraising) conducted by a committee of a 
political party or a candidate for other than Federal office shall not 
be treated as a solicitation for purposes of paragraph (1) if--
            ``(A) such appearance or participation is otherwise 
        permitted by law; and
            ``(B) such candidate or individual does not solicit or 
        receive, or make expenditures from, any funds resulting from 
        such activity.
    ``(4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the solicitation or receipt 
of funds, or disbursements, by an individual who is a candidate for 
other than Federal office if such activity is permitted under State 
law.
    ``(5) For purposes of this subsection, an individual shall be 
treated as holding Federal office if such individual is described in 
section 101(f) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978.''.
    (b) Tax-Exempt Organizations.--Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a), 
as amended by subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end thereof 
the following new subsection:
    ``(m) Tax-Exempt Organizations.--(1) If during any period an 
individual is a candidate for, or holds, Federal office, such 
individual may not during such period solicit contributions to, or on 
behalf of, any organization which is described in section 501(c) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 if a significant portion of the 
activities of such organization include voter registration or get-out-
the-vote campaigns.
    ``(2) For purposes of this subsection, an individual shall be 
treated as holding Federal office if such individual is described in 
section 101(f) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978.''.

SEC. 314. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Section 304 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434) is 
amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
    ``(d) Political Committees.--(1) The national committee of a 
political party and any congressional campaign committee, and any 
subordinate committee of either, shall report all receipts and 
disbursements during the reporting period, whether or not in connection 
with an election for Federal office.
    ``(2) A political committee (not described in paragraph (1)) to 
which section 324 applies shall report all receipts and disbursements 
in connection with a Federal election (as determined under section 
324).
    ``(3) Any political committee to which section 324 applies shall 
include in its report under paragraph (1) or (2) the amount of any 
transfer described in section 324(c) and the reason for the transfer.
    ``(4) Any political committee to which paragraph (1) or (2) does 
not apply shall report any receipts or disbursements which are used in 
connection with a Federal election.
    ``(5) If any receipt or disbursement to which this subsection 
applies exceeds $200, the political committee shall include 
identification of the person from whom, or to whom, such receipt or 
disbursement was made.
    ``(6) Reports required to be filed by this subsection shall be 
filed for the same time periods required for political committees under 
subsection (a).''.
    (b) Report of Exempt Contributions.--Section 301(8) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)) is amended by inserting 
at the end thereof the following:
                    ``(C) The exclusions provided in clauses (v) and 
                (viii) of subparagraph (B) shall not apply for purposes 
                of any requirement to report contributions under this 
                Act, and all such contributions in excess of $200 shall 
                be reported.''.
     (c) Reporting of Exempt Expenditures.--Section 301(9) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(9)) is amended by 
inserting at the end thereof the following:
                    ``(C) The exclusions provided in clause (iv) of 
                subparagraph (B) shall not apply for purposes of any 
                requirement to report expenditures under this Act, and 
                all such expenditures in excess of $200 shall be 
                reported.''.
    (d) Contributions and Expenditures of Political Committees.--
Section 301(4) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(4)) is amended by adding at the 
end the following: ``For purposes of this paragraph, the receipt of 
contributions or the making of, or obligating to make, expenditures 
shall be determined by the Commission on the basis of facts and 
circumstances, in whatever combination, demonstrating a purpose of 
influencing any election for Federal office, including, but not limited 
to, the representations made by any person soliciting funds about their 
intended uses; the identification by name of individuals who are 
candidates for Federal office or of any political party, in general 
public political advertising; and the proximity to any primary, runoff, 
or general election of general public political advertising designed or 
reasonably calculated to influence voter choice in that election.''.
    (e) Reports by State Committees.--Section 304 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
434), as amended by subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end 
thereof the following new subsection:
    ``(e) Filing of State Reports.--In lieu of any report required to 
be filed by this Act, the Commission may allow a State committee of a 
political party to file with the Commission a report required to be 
filed under State law if the Commission determines such reports contain 
substantially the same information.''.

                        TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS

SEC. 401. CONTRIBUTIONS THROUGH INTERMEDIARIES AND CONDUITS.

    Section 315(a)(8) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(8)) is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(8) For the purposes of this subsection:
            ``(A) Contributions made by a person, either directly or 
        indirectly, to or on behalf of a particular candidate, 
        including contributions that are in any way earmarked or 
        otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit to a 
        candidate, shall be treated as contributions from the person to 
        the candidate.
            ``(B) Contributions made directly or indirectly by a person 
        to or on behalf of a particular candidate through an 
        intermediary or conduit, including contributions made or 
        arranged to be made by an intermediary or conduit, shall be 
        treated as contributions from the intermediary or conduit to 
        the candidate if--
                    ``(i) the contributions made through the 
                intermediary or conduit are in the form of a check or 
                other negotiable instrument made payable to the 
                intermediary or conduit rather than the intended 
                recipient; or
                    ``(ii) the intermediary or conduit is--
                            ``(I) a political committee with a 
                        connected organization;
                            ``(II) an officer, employee, or agent of 
                        such a political committee;
                            ``(III) a political party;
                            ``(IV) a partnership or sole 
                        proprietorship;
                            ``(V) a person required to register under 
                        section 308 of the Federal Regulation of 
                        Lobbying Act (2 U.S.C. 267) or the Foreign 
                        Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 
                        et seq.); or
                            ``(VI) an organization prohibited from 
                        making contributions under section 316, or an 
                        officer, employee, or agent of such an 
                        organization acting on the organization's 
                        behalf.
            ``(C)(i) The term `intermediary or conduit' does not 
        include--
                    ``(I) a candidate or representative of a candidate 
                receiving contributions to the candidate's principal 
                campaign committee or authorized committee;
                    ``(II) a professional fundraiser compensated for 
                fundraising services at the usual and customary rate;
                    ``(III) a volunteer hosting a fundraising event at 
                the volunteer's home, in accordance with section 
                301(8)(B); or
                    ``(IV) an individual who transmits a contribution 
                from the individual's spouse.
            ``(ii) The term `representative' means an individual who is 
        expressly authorized by the candidate to engage in fundraising, 
        and who occupies a significant position within the candidate's 
        campaign organization, provided that the individual is not 
        described in subparagraph (B)(ii).
            ``(iii) The term `contributions made or arranged to be 
        made' includes--
                    ``(I) contributions delivered to a particular 
                candidate or the candidate's authorized committee or 
                agent; and
                    ``(II) contributions directly or indirectly 
                arranged to be made to a particular candidate or the 
                candidate's authorized committee or agent, in a manner 
                that identifies directly or indirectly to the candidate 
                or authorized committee or agent the person who 
                arranged the making of the contributions or the person 
                on whose behalf such person was acting.
            ``(iv) The term `acting on the organization's behalf' 
        includes the following activities by an officer, employee or 
        agent of a person described in subparagraph (B)(ii)(IV):
                    ``(I) Soliciting or directly or indirectly 
                arranging the making of a contribution to a particular 
                candidate in the name of, or by using the name of, such 
                a person.
                    ``(II) Soliciting or directly or indirectly 
                arranging the making of a contribution to a particular 
                candidate using other than incidental resources of such 
                a person.
                    ``(III) Soliciting contributions for a particular 
                candidate by substantially directing the solicitations 
                to other officers, employees, or agents of such a 
                person.
            ``(D) Nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit--
                    ``(i) bona fide joint fundraising efforts conducted 
                solely for the purpose of sponsorship of a fundraising 
                reception, dinner, or other similar event, in 
                accordance with rules prescribed by the Commission, 
                by--
                            ``(I) 2 or more candidates;
                            ``(II) 2 or more national, State, or local 
                        committees of a political party within the 
                        meaning of section 301(4) acting on their own 
                        behalf; or
                            ``(III) a special committee formed by 2 or 
                        more candidates, or a candidate and a national, 
                        State, or local committee of a political party 
                        acting on their own behalf; or
                    ``(ii) fundraising efforts for the benefit of a 
                candidate that are conducted by another candidate.
                    ``(iii) bona fide fundraising efforts conducted by 
                and solely on behalf of an individual for the purpose 
                of sponsorship of a fundraising reception, dinner, or 
                other similar event, but only if all contributions are 
                made directly to a candidate or a representative of a 
                candidate.
When a contribution is made to a candidate through an intermediary or 
conduit, the intermediary or conduit shall report the original source 
and the intended recipient of the contribution to the Commission and to 
the intended recipient.''.

SEC. 402. CONTRIBUTIONS BY DEPENDENTS NOT OF VOTING AGE.

    Section 315 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a), as amended by section 313(b), 
is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(n) For purposes of this section, any contribution by an 
individual who--
            ``(1) is a dependent of another individual; and
            ``(2) has not, as of the time of such contribution, 
        attained the legal age for voting for elections to Federal 
        office in the State in which such individual resides,
shall be treated as having been made by such other individual. If such 
individual is the dependent of another individual and such other 
individual's spouse, the contribution shall be allocated among such 
individuals in the manner determined by them.''.

SEC. 403. CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANDIDATES FROM STATE AND LOCAL COMMITTEES 
              OF POLITICAL PARTIES TO BE AGGREGATED.

    Section 315(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(9) A candidate for Federal office may not accept, with respect 
to an election, any contribution from a State or local committee of a 
political party (including any subordinate committee of such 
committee), if such contribution, when added to the total of 
contributions previously accepted from all such committees of that 
political party, exceeds a limitation on contributions to a candidate 
under this section.''.

SEC. 404. LIMITED EXCLUSION OF ADVANCES BY CAMPAIGN WORKERS FROM THE 
              DEFINITION OF THE TERM ``CONTRIBUTION''.

    Section 301(8)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (xiii), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (2) in clause (xiv), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting: ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(xv) any advance voluntarily made on behalf of an 
        authorized committee of a candidate by an individual in the 
        normal course of such individual's responsibilities as a 
        volunteer for, or employee of, the committee, if the advance is 
        reimbursed by the committee within 10 days after the date on 
        which the advance is made, and the value of advances on behalf 
        of a committee does not exceed $500 with respect to an 
        election.''.

                    TITLE V--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

SEC. 501. CHANGE IN CERTAIN REPORTING FROM A CALENDAR YEAR BASIS TO AN 
              ELECTION CYCLE BASIS.

    Paragraphs (2) through (7) of section 304(b) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
434(b) (2)-(7)) are amended by inserting after ``calendar year'' each 
place it appears the following: ``(election cycle, in the case of an 
authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office)''.

SEC. 502. PERSONAL AND CONSULTING SERVICES.

    Section 304(b)(5)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(5)(A)) is amended by 
adding before the semicolon at the end the following: ``, except that 
if a person to whom an expenditure is made is merely providing personal 
or consulting services and is in turn making expenditures to other 
persons (not including employees) who provide goods or services to the 
candidate or his or her authorized committees, the name and address of 
such other person, together with the date, amount and purpose of such 
expenditure shall also be disclosed''.

SEC. 503. REDUCTION IN THRESHOLD FOR REPORTING OF CERTAIN INFORMATION 
              BY PERSONS OTHER THAN POLITICAL COMMITTEES.

    Section 304(b)(3)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(3)(A)) is amended by 
striking ``$200'' and inserting ``$50''.

SEC. 504. COMPUTERIZED INDICES OF CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 311(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 438(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (9);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (10) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) maintain computerized indices of contributions of 
        $50 or more.''.

                 TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

SEC. 601. USE OF CANDIDATES' NAMES.

    Section 302(e)(4) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 432(e)(4)) is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(4)(A) The name of each authorized committee shall include the 
name of the candidate who authorized the committee under paragraph (1).
    ``(B) A political committee that is not an authorized committee 
shall not include the name of any candidate in its name or use the name 
of any candidate in any activity on behalf of such committee in such a 
context as to suggest that the committee is an authorized committee of 
the candidate or that the use of the candidate's name has been 
authorized by the candidate.''.

SEC. 602. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Option To File Monthly Reports.--Section 304(a)(2) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 434(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (B) by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by inserting the following new subparagraph at the end:
            ``(C) in lieu of the reports required by subparagraphs (A) 
        and (B), the treasurer may file monthly reports in all calendar 
        years, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day after 
        the last day of the month and shall be complete as of the last 
        day of the month, except that, in lieu of filing the reports 
        otherwise due in November and December of any year in which a 
        regularly scheduled general election is held, a pre-primary 
        election report and a pre-general election report shall be 
        filed in accordance with subparagraph (A)(i), a post-general 
        election report shall be filed in accordance with subparagraph 
        (A)(ii), and a year end report shall be filed no later than 
        January 31 of the following calendar year.''.
    (b) Filing Date.--Section 304(a)(4)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 
434(a)(4)(B)) is amended by striking ``20th'' and inserting ``15th''.

SEC. 603. PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE COMMISSION.

    (a) Vacancy in the Office of General Counsel.--Section 306(f) of 
FECA (2 U.S.C. 437c(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph:
    ``(5) In the event of a vacancy in the office of general counsel, 
the next highest ranking enforcement official in the general counsel's 
office shall serve as acting general counsel with full powers of the 
general counsel until a successor is appointed.''.
    (b) Pay of the General Counsel.--Section 306(f)(1) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 437c(f)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``and the general counsel'' after ``staff 
        director'' in the second sentence; and
            (2) by striking the third sentence.

SEC. 604. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Basis for Enforcement Proceeding.--Section 309(a)(2) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 437g(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``it has reason to believe 
that a person has committed, or is about to commit'' and inserting 
``facts have been alleged or ascertained that, if true, give reason to 
believe that a person may have committed, or may be about to commit''.
    (b) Authority To Seek Injunction.--(1) Section 309(a) of FECA (2 
U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
    ``(13)(A) If, at any time in a proceeding described in paragraph 
(1), (2), (3), or (4), the Commission believes that--
            ``(i) there is a substantial likelihood that a violation of 
        this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue 
        Code of 1986 is occurring or is about to occur;
            ``(ii) the failure to act expeditiously will result in 
        irreparable harm to a party affected by the potential 
        violation;
            ``(iii) expeditious action will not cause undue harm or 
        prejudice to the interests of others; and
            ``(iv) the public interest would be best served by the 
        issuance of an injunction,
the Commission may initiate a civil action for a temporary restraining 
order or a temporary injunction pending the outcome of the proceedings 
described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4).
    ``(B) An action under subparagraph (A) shall be brought in the 
United States district court for the district in which the defendant 
resides, transacts business, or may be found.''.
    (2) Section 309(a) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended--
            (A) in paragraph (7) by striking ``(5) or (6)'' and 
        inserting ``(5), (6), or (13)''; and
            (B) in paragraph (11) by striking ``(6)'' and inserting 
        ``(6) or (13)''.

SEC. 605. PENALTIES.

    (a) Penalties Prescribed in Conciliation Agreements.--(1) Section 
309(a)(5)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(A)) is amended by striking 
``which does not exceed the greater of $5,000 or an amount equal to any 
contribution or expenditure involved in such violation'' and inserting 
``which is--
            ``(i) not less than 50 percent of all contributions and 
        expenditures involved in the violation (or such lesser amount 
        as the Commission provides if necessary to ensure that the 
        penalty is not unjustly disproportionate to the violation); and
            ``(ii) not greater than all contributions and expenditures 
        involved in the violation''.
    (2) Section 309(a)(5)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(B)) is 
amended by striking ``which does not exceed the greater of $10,000 or 
an amount equal to 200 percent of any contribution or expenditure 
involved in such violation'' and inserting ``which is--
            ``(i) not less than all contributions and expenditures 
        involved in the violation; and
            ``(ii) not greater than 150 percent of all contributions 
        and expenditures involved in the violation''.
    (b) Penalties When Violations Are Adjudicated in Court.--(1) 
Section 309(a)(6)(A) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(6)(A)) is amended by 
striking all that follows ``appropriate order'' and inserting ``, 
including an order for a civil penalty in the amount determined under 
subparagraph (A) or (B) in the district court of the United States for 
the district in which the defendant resides, transacts business, or may 
be found.''.
    (2) Section 309(a)(6)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(6)(B)) is 
amended by striking all that follows ``other order'' and inserting ``, 
including an order for a civil penalty which is--
            ``(i) not less than all contributions and expenditures 
        involved in the violation; and
            ``(ii) not greater than 200 percent of all contributions 
        and expenditures involved in the violation,
upon a proper showing that the person involved has committed, or is 
about to commit (if the relief sought is a permanent or temporary 
injunction or a restraining order), a violation of this Act or chapter 
95 or chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.''.
    (3) Section 309(a)(6)(C) of FECA (29 U.S.C. 437g(6)(C)) is amended 
by striking ``a civil penalty'' and all that follows and inserting ``a 
civil penalty which is--
            ``(i) not less than 200 percent of all contributions and 
        expenditures involved in the violation; and
            ``(ii) not greater than 250 percent of all contributions 
        and expenditures involved in the violation.''.

SEC. 606. RANDOM AUDITS.

    Section 311(b) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 438(b)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``The Commission''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commission may from time 
to time conduct random audits and investigations to ensure voluntary 
compliance with this Act. The subjects of such audits and 
investigations shall be selected on the basis of criteria established 
by vote of at least 4 members of the Commission to ensure impartiality 
in the selection process. This paragraph does not apply to an 
authorized committee of an eligible House of Representatives candidate 
subject to audit under section 505(a).''.

SEC. 607. PROHIBITION OF FALSE REPRESENTATION TO SOLICIT CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 322 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441h) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``Sec. 322.'' the following: 
        ``(a)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) No person shall solicit contributions by falsely representing 
himself as a candidate or as a representative of a candidate, a 
political committee, or a political party.''.

SEC. 608. REGULATIONS RELATING TO USE OF NON-FEDERAL MONEY.

    Section 306 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437c) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(g) The Commission shall promulgate rules to prohibit devices or 
arrangements which have the purpose or effect of undermining or evading 
the provisions of this Act restricting the use of non-Federal money to 
affect Federal elections.''.

                TITLE VII--BALLOT INITIATIVE COMMITTEES

SEC. 701. DEFINITIONS RELATING TO BALLOT INITIATIVES.

    Section 301 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431), as amended by section 312(d), 
is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
    ``(32) The term `ballot initiative political committee' means any 
committee, club, association, or other group of persons which makes 
ballot initiative expenditures or receives ballot initiative 
contributions in excess of $1,000 during a calendar year.
    ``(33) The term `ballot initiative contribution' means any gift, 
subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money or anything of value 
made by any person for the purpose of influencing the outcome of any 
referendum or other ballot initiative voted on at the State, 
commonwealth, territory, or District of Columbia level which involves--
            ``(A) interstate commerce;
            ``(B) the election of candidates for Federal office and the 
        permissible terms of those so elected;
            ``(C) Federal taxation of individuals, corporations, or 
        other entities; or
            ``(D) the regulation of speech or press, or any other right 
        guaranteed under the United States Constitution.
    ``(34) The term `ballot initiative expenditure' means any purchase, 
payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or 
anything of value made by any person for the purpose of influencing the 
outcome of any referendum or other ballot initiative voted on at the 
state, commonwealth, territory, or District of Columbia level which 
involves--
            ``(A) interstate commerce;
            ``(B) the election of candidates for Federal office and the 
        permissible terms of those so elected;
            ``(C) Federal taxation of individuals, corporations, or 
        other entities; or
            ``(D) the regulation of speech or press, or any other right 
        guaranteed under the United States Constitution.''.

SEC. 702. AMENDMENT TO DEFINITION OF CONTRIBUTION.

    Section 301(8)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(B)), as amended by 
section 404, is amended--
            (1) in clause (xiv), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (2) in clause (xv), by striking the period and inserting 
        ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(xvi) a ballot initiative contribution.''.

SEC. 703. AMENDMENT TO DEFINITION OF EXPENDITURE.

    Section 301(9)(B) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(9)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (ix)(3), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (2) in clause (x), by striking the period and inserting ``; 
        and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(xi) a ballot initiative expenditure.''.

SEC. 704. ORGANIZATION OF BALLOT INITIATIVE COMMITTEES.

    Title III of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 302 (2 U.S.C. 432) the following new section:

             ``organization of ballot initiative committees

    ``Sec. 302A. (a) Every ballot initiative political committee shall 
have a treasurer. No ballot initiative contribution shall be accepted 
or ballot initiative expenditure shall be made by or on behalf of a 
ballot initiative political committee during any period in which the 
office of treasurer is vacant.
    ``(b)(1) Every person who receives a ballot initiative contribution 
for a ballot initiative political committee shall--
            ``(A) if the amount is $50 or less, forward to the 
        treasurer such contribution no later than 30 days after 
        receiving the contribution; and
            ``(B) if the amount of the ballot initiative contribution 
        is in excess of $50, forward to the treasurer such 
        contribution, the name, address, and occupation of the person 
        making such contribution, and the date of receiving such 
        contribution, no later than 10 days after receiving such 
        contribution.
    ``(2) All funds of a ballot initiative political committee shall be 
segregated from, and may not be commingled with, the personal funds of 
any individual.
    ``(3) The treasurer of a ballot initiative political committee 
shall keep an account for--
            ``(A) all ballot initiative contributions received by or on 
        behalf of such ballot initiative political committee;
            ``(B) the name and address of any person who makes a ballot 
        initiative contribution in excess of $50, together with the 
        date and amount of such ballot initiative contribution by any 
        person;
            ``(C) the identification of any person who makes a ballot 
        initiative contribution or ballot initiative contributions 
        aggregating more than $200 during a calendar year, together 
        with the date and amount of any such contribution;
            ``(D) the identification of any political committee or 
        ballot initiative political committee which makes a ballot 
        initiative contribution, together with the date and amount of 
        any such contribution; and
            ``(E) the name and address of every person to whom any 
        ballot initiative expenditure is made, the date, amount and 
        purpose of such ballot initiative expenditure, and the name of 
        the ballot initiative(s) to which the ballot initiative 
        expenditure pertained.
    ``(c) The treasurer shall preserve all records required to be kept 
by this section 3 years after the report is filed.''.

SEC. 705. BALLOT INITIATIVE COMMITTEE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Title III of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 304 (2 U.S.C. 434) the following new section:

          ``ballot initiative committee reporting requirements

    ``Sec. 304A. (a)(1) Each treasurer of a ballot initiative political 
committee shall file reports of receipts and disbursements in 
accordance with the provisions of this subsection. The treasurer shall 
sign each such report.
    ``(2) All ballot initiative political committees shall file 
either--
            ``(A)(i) quarterly reports in each calendar year when a 
        ballot initiative is slated regarding which the ballot 
        initiative committee plans to make or makes a ballot initiative 
        expenditure or plans to receive or receives a ballot initiative 
        contribution, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day 
        after the last day of each calendar quarter: except that the 
        report for the quarter ending on December 31 of such calendar 
        year shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following 
        calendar year; and
            ``(ii) preballot initiative reports, which shall be filed 5 
        days before the occurrence of each ballot initiative in which 
        the ballot initiative committee plans to make or has made a 
        ballot initiative expenditure or plans to receive or has 
        received a ballot initiative contribution; or
            ``(B) monthly reports in all calendar years which shall be 
        filed no later than the 15th day after the last day of the 
        month and shall be complete as of the last day of the month.
    ``(3) If a designation, report, or statement filed pursuant to this 
section (other than under paragraph (2)(A)(ii)) is sent by registered 
or certified mail, the United States postmark shall be considered the 
date of filing of the designation, report, or statement.
    ``(4) The reports required to be filed by this section shall be 
cumulative during the calendar year to which they relate, but where 
there has been no change in an item reported in a previous report 
during each year, only the amount need be carried forward.
    ``(b) Each report under this section shall disclose--
            ``(1) the amount of cash on hand at the beginning of the 
        reporting period;
            ``(2) for the reporting period and the calendar year, the 
        total amount of all receipts, and the total amount of all 
        receipts in the following categories:
                    ``(A) ballot initiative contributions from persons 
                other than political committees;
                    ``(B) ballot initiative contributions from 
                political party committees;
                    ``(C) ballot initiative contributions from other 
                political committees and ballot initiative political 
                committees;
                    ``(D) transfers from affiliated political 
                committees;
                    ``(E) loans;
                    ``(F) rebates, refunds, and other offsets to 
                operating expenditures; and
                    ``(G) dividends, interest, and other forms of 
                receipts;
            ``(3) the identification of each--
                    ``(A) person (other than a political committee or 
                ballot initiative political committee) who makes a 
                ballot initiative contribution to the reporting 
                committee during the reporting period, whose ballot 
                initiative contribution or ballot initiative 
                contributions have an aggregate amount or value in 
                excess of $50 within the calendar year, or in any 
                lesser amount if the reporting committee should so 
                elect, together with the date and amount of any such 
                contribution and the address and occupation (if an 
                individual) of the person;
                    ``(B) political committee or ballot initiative 
                political committee which makes a ballot initiative 
                contribution to the reporting committee during the 
                reporting period, together with the date and amount of 
                any such contribution;
                    ``(C) affiliated political committee or affiliated 
                ballot initiative political committee which makes a 
                transfer to the reporting committee during the 
                reporting period;
                    ``(D) person who makes a loan to the reporting 
                committee during the reporting period, together with 
                the identification of any endorser or guarantor of such 
                loan, and the date and amount or value of such loan and 
                the address and occupation (if an individual) of the 
                person;
                    ``(E) person who provides a rebate, refund, or 
                other offset to operating expenditures to the reporting 
                committee in an aggregate amount or value in excess of 
                $200 within the calendar year, together with the date 
                and amount of such receipt and the address and 
                occupation (if an individual) of the person; and
                    ``(F) person who provides any dividend, interest, 
                or other receipt to the reporting committee in an 
                aggregate value or amount in excess of $200 within the 
                calendar year, together with the date and amount of any 
                such receipt and the address and occupation (if an 
                individual) of the person;
            ``(4) for the reporting period and the calendar year, the 
        total amount of disbursements, and all disbursements in the 
        following categories:
                    ``(A) ballot initiative expenditures;
                    ``(B) transfers to affiliated political committees 
                or ballot initiative political committees;
                    ``(C) ballot initiative contribution refunds and 
                other offsets to ballot initiative contributions;
                    ``(D) loans made by the reporting committee and the 
                name of the person receiving the loan together with the 
                date of the loan and the address and occupation (if an 
                individual) of the person; and
                    ``(E) independent expenditures; and
            ``(5) the total sum of all ballot initiative contributions 
        to such ballot initiative political committee.''.

SEC. 706. ENFORCEMENT AMENDMENT.

    Section 309 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 437g) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(e) The civil penalties of this Act shall apply to the 
organization, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of a ballot 
initiative political committee under section 302A or 304B, insofar as 
such committee conducts activities solely for the purpose of 
influencing a ballot initiative and not for the purpose of influencing 
any election for Federal office.''.

SEC. 707. PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE NAME OF ANOTHER.

    Section 320 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441f) is amended to read as follows:

         ``prohibition of contributions in the name of another

    ``Sec. 320. No person shall make a contribution or ballot 
initiative contribution in the name of another person or knowingly 
permit his name to be used to effect such a contribution or ballot 
initiative contribution, and no person shall knowingly accept a 
contribution or ballot initiative contribution made by one person in 
the name of another person.''.

SEC. 708. LIMITATION ON CONTRIBUTION OF CURRENCY.

    Section 321 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441g) is amended to read as follows:

                ``limitation on contribution of currency

    ``Sec. 321. No person shall make contributions or ballot initiative 
contributions of currency of the United States or currency of any 
foreign country which in the aggregate, exceed $100, to or for the 
benefit of--
            ``(1) any candidate for nomination for election, or for 
        election, to Federal office;
            ``(2) any political committee (other than a ballot 
        initiative political committee) for the purpose of influencing 
        an election for Federal office; or
            ``(3) any ballot initiative political committee for the 
        purpose of influencing a ballot initiative.''.

                       TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 801. PROHIBITION OF LEADERSHIP COMMITTEES.

    Section 302(e) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 432(e)) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
    ``(3) No political committee that supports or has supported more 
than one candidate may be designated as an authorized committee, except 
that--
            ``(A) a candidate for the office of President nominated by 
        a political party may designate the national committee of such 
        political party as the candidate's principal campaign 
        committee, but only if that national committee maintains 
        separate books of account with respect to its functions as a 
        principal campaign committee; and
            ``(B) a candidate may designate a political committee 
        established solely for the purpose of joint fundraising by such 
        candidates as an authorized committee.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
    ``(6)(A) A candidate for Federal office or any individual holding 
Federal office may not establish, maintain, or control any political 
committee other than a principal campaign committee of the candidate, 
authorized committee, party committee, or other political committee 
designated in accordance with paragraph (3). A candidate for more than 
one Federal office may designate a separate principal campaign 
committee for each Federal office.
    ``(B) For one year after the effective date of this paragraph, any 
such political committee may continue to make contributions. At the end 
of that period such political committee shall disburse all funds by one 
or more of the following means: making contributions to an entity 
qualified under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; 
making a contribution to the treasury of the United States; 
contributing to the national, State or local committees of a political 
party; or making contributions not to exceed $1,000 to candidates for 
elective office.''.

SEC. 802. POLLING DATA CONTRIBUTED TO CANDIDATES.

    Section 301(8) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431(8)), as amended by section 
314(b), is amended by inserting at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
            ``(D) A contribution of polling data to a candidate shall 
        be valued at the fair market value of the data on the date the 
        poll was completed, depreciated at a rate not more than 1 
        percent per day from such date to the date on which the 
        contribution was made.''.

SEC. 803. DEBATES BY GENERAL ELECTION CANDIDATES WHO RECEIVE AMOUNTS 
              FROM THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND.

    Section 315(b) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(b)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(3)(A) The candidates of a political party for the 
        offices of President and Vice President who are eligible under 
        section 9003 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to receive 
        payments from the Secretary of the Treasury shall not receive 
        such payments unless both of such candidates agree in writing--
                    ``(i) that the candidate for the office of 
                President will participate in at least 4 debates, 
                sponsored by a nonpartisan or bipartisan organization, 
                with all other candidates for that office who are 
                eligible under that section; and
                    ``(ii) that the candidate of the party for the 
                office of Vice President will participate in at least 1 
                debate, sponsored by a nonpartisan or bipartisan 
                organization, with all other candidates for that office 
                who are eligible under that section.
            ``(B) If the Commission determines that either of the 
        candidates of a political party failed to participate in a 
        debate under subparagraph (A) and was responsible at least in 
        part for such failure, the candidate of the party involved 
        shall--
                    ``(i) be ineligible to receive payments under 
                section 9006 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
                    ``(ii) pay to the Secretary of the Treasury an 
                amount equal to the amount of the payments made to the 
                candidate under that section.''.

SEC. 804. PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN ELECTION-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN 
              NATIONALS.

  Section 319 of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsections:
    ``(c) A foreign national shall not directly or indirectly direct, 
control, influence or participate in any person's election-related 
activities, such as the making of contributions or expenditures in 
connection with elections for any local, State, or Federal office or 
the administration of a political committee.
    ``(d) A nonconnected political committee or the separate segregated 
fund established in accordance with section 316(b)(2)(C) or any other 
organization or committee involved in the making of contributions or 
expenditures in connection with elections for any Federal, State, or 
local office shall include the following statement on all printed 
materials produced for the purpose of soliciting contributions:
            ```It is unlawful for a foreign national to make any 
        contribution of money or other thing of value to a political 
        committee.'.''.

SEC. 805. AMENDMENT TO FECA SECTION 316.

    Section 316(b) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441b(b)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(A)'' at the beginning of paragraph (2) 
        and redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as clauses 
        (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively;
            (2) at the beginning of the first sentence in subparagraph 
        (A), by inserting the following: ``Except as provided in 
        subparagraph (B),''; and
            (3) by adding at the end of paragraph (2) the following:
                    ``(B) Expenditures by a corporation or labor 
                organization for candidate appearances, candidate 
                debates and voter guides directed to the general public 
                shall be considered contributions unless--
                            ``(i) in the case of a candidate 
                        appearance, the appearance takes place on 
                        corporate or labor organization premises or at 
                        a meeting or convention of the corporation or 
                        labor organization, and all candidates for 
                        election to that office are notified that they 
                        may make an appearance under the same or 
                        similar conditions;
                            ``(ii) in the case of a candidate debate, 
                        the organization staging the debate is either 
                        an organization described in section 301 whose 
                        broadcasts or publications are supported by 
                        commercial advertising, subscriptions or sales 
                        to the public, including a noncommercial 
                        educational broadcaster, or a nonprofit 
                        organization exempt from Federal taxation under 
                        section 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) of the Internal 
                        Revenue Code of 1986 that does not endorse, 
                        support, oppose candidates or political 
                        parties; and
                            ``(iii) in the case of a voter guide, the 
                        guide is prepared and distributed by a 
                        corporation or labor organization and consists 
                        of questions posed to at least two candidates 
                        for election to that office,
                except that no communication made by a corporation or 
                labor organization in connection with the candidate 
                appearance, candidate debate or voter guide contains 
                express advocacy, or that no candidate is favored 
                through the structure or format of the candidate 
                appearance, candidate debate or voter guide.''.

SEC. 806. TELEPHONE VOTING BY PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES.

    (a) Study of Systems To Permit Persons With Disabilities To Vote by 
Telephone.--
            (1) In general.--The Federal Election Commission shall 
        conduct a study to determine the feasibility of developing a 
        system or systems by which persons with disabilities may be 
        permitted to vote by telephone.
            (2) Consultation.--The Federal Election Commission shall 
        conduct the study described in paragraph (1) in consultation 
        with State and local election officials, representatives of the 
        telecommunications industry, representatives of persons with 
        disabilities, and other concerned members of the public.
            (3) Criteria.--The system or systems developed pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) propose a description of the kinds of 
                disabilities that impose such difficulty in travel to 
                polling places that a person with a disability who may 
                desire to vote is discouraged from undertaking such 
                travel;
                    (B) propose procedures to identify persons who are 
                so disabled; and
                    (C) describe procedures and equipment that may be 
                used to ensure that--
                            (i) only those persons who are entitled to 
                        use the system are permitted to use it;
                            (ii) the votes of persons who use the 
                        system are recorded accurately and remain 
                        secret;
                            (iii) the system minimizes the possibility 
                        of vote fraud; and
                            (iv) the system minimizes the financial 
                        costs that State and local governments would 
                        incur in establishing and operating the system.
            (4) Requests for proposals.--In developing a system 
        described in paragraph (1), the Federal Election Commission may 
        request proposals from private contractors for the design of 
        procedures and equipment to be used in the system.
            (5) Physical access.--Nothing in this section is intended 
        to supersede or supplant efforts by State and local governments 
        to make polling places physically accessible to persons with 
        disabilities.
            (6) Deadline.--The Federal Election Commission shall submit 
        to Congress the study required by this section not later than 1 
        year after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 807. PROHIBITION OF USE OF GOVERNMENT AIRCRAFT IN CONNECTION WITH 
              ELECTIONS FOR FEDERAL OFFICE.

    Title III of FECA (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by section 
312(c) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

    ``prohibition of use of government aircraft in connection with 
                      elections for federal office

    ``Sec.  325. (a) No aircraft that is owned or operated by the 
Government (including any aircraft that is owned or operated by the 
Department of Defense) may be used in connection with an election for 
Federal office.
    ``(b)(1) Subsection (a) shall not apply to travel provided to the 
President or Vice President.
    ``(2) The portion of the cost of any travel provided to the 
President or Vice President that is allocable to activities in 
connection with an election for Federal office shall be paid by the 
authorized committee of the President. Such portion shall be paid 
within 10 days of the travel. For purposes of this section, travel 
which is in any part related to campaign activity, shall be treated as 
in connection with an election for Federal office, and the payment for 
such travel shall be sufficient to reflect that portion which is 
campaign-related.
    ``(3) The actual costs and payment for costs of any travel provided 
to the President and Vice President shall be disclosed in accordance 
with section 304.''.

SEC. 808. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.

    The Congress should consider legislation that would provide for an 
amendment to the Constitution to set reasonable limits on campaign 
expenditures in Federal elections.

               TITLE IX--EFFECTIVE DATES; AUTHORIZATIONS

SEC. 901. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the amendments made by, 
and the provisions of, this Act shall take effect on the date of the 
enactment of this Act but shall not apply with respect to activities in 
connection with any election occurring before January 1, 1993.

SEC. 902. BUDGET NEUTRALITY.

    (a) Delayed Effectiveness.--The provisions of this Act (other than 
this section) shall not be effective until the estimated costs under 
section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
1985 have been offset by the enactment of subsequent legislation 
effectuating this Act.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that 
subsequent legislation effectuating this Act shall not provide for 
general revenue increases, reduce expenditures for any existing Federal 
program, or increase the Federal budget deficit.

SEC. 903. SEVERABILITY.

    Except as provided in section 101(b), if any provision of this Act 
(including any amendment made by this Act), or the application of any 
such provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the 
validity of any other provision of this Act, or the application of such 
provision to other persons and circumstances, shall not be affected 
thereby.

SEC. 904. EXPEDITED REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES.

    (a) Direct Appeal to Supreme Court.--An appeal may be taken 
directly to the Supreme Court of the United States from any 
interlocutory order or final judgment, decree, or order issued by any 
court ruling on the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or 
amendment made by this Act.
    (b) Acceptance and Expedition.--The Supreme Court shall, if it has 
not previously ruled on the question addressed in the ruling below, 
accept jurisdiction over, advance on the docket, and expedite the 
appeal to the greatest extent possible.

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