Global Markets 

Analysis Report

A MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF GINNIE MAE’S 

OFFICE OF CAPITAL MARKETS

PREPARED FOR GINNIE MAE 

BY STATE STREET GLOBAL ADVISORS 

URBAN INSTITUTE, HOUSING FINANCE POLICY CENTER
CONTENTS

Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

Barclays US Aggregate and Global Indices 4

Global 10-year treasury yields 5

Ginnie Mae yields and yield spreads—USD, JPY, Euro 6-8

MBS yield per duration 9

Total return and Sharpe Ratios 10 

State of the US Housing Market 

Serious delinquency rates 11

National HPI, HPI by state 11-12

Ginnie Mae Agency issuance and Agency outstanding by state 13

Size and value of the US Residential housing and mortgage markets 14

Outstanding Agency MBS 15

Origination volume over time 16

US Agency Market, Originations

Agency Gross and Net Issuance 17-19

Purchase versus refi: Percent Refi at Issuance 20

Credit Box 

First time home buyer share—purchase only loans 21-22

FICO score distribution 23

Credit box at a glance (FICO, LTV, DTI) 24-26

Historical credit box (FICO, LTV,DTI) 27-29

High LTV credit box 30-31

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originators

Nonbank originator share (All, Purchase, Refi) 32

Ginnie Mae nonbank originator share (All, Purchase, Refi) 33

Bank vs. nonbank originators historical credit box, Ginnie Mae vs. GSE (FICO, LTV, DTI) 34-35

Bank vs. nonbank originators historical credit box, Ginnie Mae breakdown (FICO, LTV, DTI) 36-37

Holders of Ginnie Mae Mortgage Servicing Rights 

Top Holders of Ginnie Mae MSR 38-39

Non-bank Holders of Ginnie Mae MSR 40

Prepayments 

Aggregate 41

Select coupon/origination year cohorts 41-44

Other Ginnie Mae Programs

HMBS 45

Multifamily 46

Market Conditions-Agency MBS

Average daily trading volume and turnover by sector 47

Dealer net positions, repo volume 48

MBS Ownership

Ownership breakdown of total agency debt 49

MBS share of total agency debt and commercial bank ownership of MBS 50

Bank and Thrift Residential MBS Holdings 51

Foreign ownership of MBS 52-53

Fed Ownership of MBS 54
Trends in Ginnie Mae Issuance by State

Ginnie Mae MBS constitutes 31 percent, or just under a third of all outstanding agency MBS, as illustrated on page 13 of 

this report. In general, Ginnie Mae’s share is higher in states with lower home prices, which is a reflection of the borrower s 

served in our program. By state, Ginnie Mae’s share varies greatly, being as low as 16% in D.C. and as high as 52% in 

Alaska. 

Additional insights emerge from an analysis of annual flow issuance by state. Figure 1 below shows the five largest states 

for Ginnie Mae based on dollar volume of issuance. Each year from 2014 to 2018, the largest volume of Ginnie Mae 

issuance came from California, ranging from $23 billion to $45 billion. The next three largest issuance states were Texas, 

Florida and Virginia, often, but not always, in that order. The 5th largest state varied year to year but was either Georgia, 

Maryland or Colorado. 

Figure 1: States with highest Ginnie Mae Issuance (top 5)

Source: eMBS and Urban Institute

The list of top 5 states by volume is largely expected. California, Texas and Florida are among a handful of states with high

house prices and large populations helping boost issuance volumes. When looking across years, Figure 1 demonstrates 

that issuance volumes declined for most states in 2017 and 2018, as higher mortgage rates post-2016 curtailed refinance 

activity. Also, despite strong growth in loan volumes in recent years, VA lags FHA in each of the top 5 states, except 

Virginia, where VA’s volume and share both exceed that of FHA (see Figure 2). This largely reflects the large 

concentration of veteran population in Virginia. 

Figure 2: Breakdown of Issuance Volume and Credit Characteristics for 2018 Ginnie Issuances

Source: eMBS and Urban Institute

Figure 2 also shows key credit characteristics for each of the 5 states in 2018. It shows that CA and Virginia had the 

highest average FHA FICO in 2018 (672 in both cases), while Virginia had the highest VA FICO (722). CA had the lowest 

LTV and the highest DTI for both FHA and VA loans. When comparing FHA to VA across states, FHA loans had higher 

average DTI, lower FICO, lower LTV, and higher note rate than VA in each of the 5 states in 2018.

Highlights this month:

• The share of originations held in portfolio increased by 8 percentage points in the first quarter of 2019 (page16).

• PLS origination volume is up 64.5 percent year-over-year in the first quarter of 2019 (page 16).

• The Ginnie Mae first time homebuyer share hit a new peak of 72.6 percent in May 2019 (page 21).

• The median DTI on Ginnie Mae originations in May 2019 fell to 42.9 percent, compared to 43.2 percent in April (page 

26).

HIGHLIGHTS

38.9%

37.1%

41.1%

61.1%

39.2%

35.3%

37.5%

40.4%

58.2%

37.5%

42.3%

40.3%

42.7%

62.0%

50.1%

38.9%

41.3%

39.1%

59.4%

48.0%

39.8%

40.0%

37.9%

60.1%

40.9%

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

$70

$80

$90

California

Texas

Florida

Virginia

Georgia

California

Texas

Florida

Virginia

Maryland

California

Texas

Florida

Virginia

Colorado

California

Florida

Texas

Virginia

Colorado

California

Florida

Texas

Virginia

Georgia

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Gross issuance ($ billions) FHA VA Other

VA share of issuance

CA FL TX VA GA

FHA VA FHA VA FHA VA FHA VA FHA VA

2018 Issuance ($ Bil) $30 $19 $21 $14 $19 $12 $7 $11 $9 $6

Wtd. Avg FICO 672 709 669 710 661 707 672 722 664 701

Wtd. Avg LTV (%) 91.78 92.50 94.37 95.89 96.54 97.25 94.52 96.14 94.34 96.91

Wtd. Avg DTI (%) 45.96 45.14 44.94 42.71 44.63 43.19 43.32 41.34 43.31 40.95

Wtd. Avg Rate (%) 4.57 4.32 4.64 4.39 4.79 4.40 4.53 4.29 4.66 4.41
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

US MBS (Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac) comprise 27 percent of the Barclays US Aggregate Index-less 

than either the US Treasury share (40 percent) or the US Credit share (30 percent). Fannie Mae 30-year MBS 

comprises the largest percent of US MBS (9 percent), while Ginnie Mae 30-year MBS and Freddie Mac 30-year MBS 

comprise 8 percent and 6 percent of the market, respectively. Mortgages with terms of 15 and 20 years comprise the 

remaining balance (3 percent) of the US MBS share. US securities are the single largest contributor to the Barclays 

Global Aggregate, accounting for 39 percent of the global total. US MBS comprises 11 percent of the global 

aggregate. 

40%

1%

30%

8%

9%

6%

3%

2%

Barclays US 

Aggregate Index

Treasury

Agency

Credit

GNMA MBS 30y

FNMA MBS 30y

FHLMC MBS 30y

15y and 20y MBS

ABS & CMBS

54%

6%

25%

11%

1%

3%

Global Treasury

Global Agency

Global Credit

US MBS

ABS & CMBS

Collateralised

(Pfandbrief)

2%

3% 1%

39%

30%

21%

1%

0.04%

2%

0%

Australia

Canada

Middle East

United States

Europe

Asia & Pacific Rim

Latin America

Africa

Supranational

Others

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Note: Numbers in chart may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

Barclays Global Aggregate Index by Country Barclays Global Aggregate Index by Sector

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. 

Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors

Note: Data as of June 2019.

4
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Jun-12 Dec-12 Jun-13 Dec-13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15 Jun-16 Dec-16 Jun-17 Dec-17 Jun-18 Dec-18 Jun-19

Yield (%)

Global 10-year Treasury Yields

US 10y UK 10y GER 10y ITA 10y JPY 10y

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Jun -12 Jun -13 Jun -14 Jun -15 Jun -16 Jun -17 Jun -18 Jun -19

10yr US Treasury hedged yield, JPY

10y US hedged yield, JPY (left)

US 10y hedged yield advantage vs 10y JGB (right)

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Jun -12 Jun -13 Jun -14 Jun -15 Jun -16 Jun -17 Jun -18 Jun -19

10yr US Treasury hedged yield, EUR

10y US hedged yield, EUR (left)

10y US hedge yield advantage vs 10y bund (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. 

Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors

Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

US 10-year Treasury yields have generally been the highest in the developed world over the past few years, but since 

August 2018, have been neck-in-neck with Italy. In June 2019, yield on the US 10-year note declined 12 bps to 2.01 

percent, below the 2.10 percent for the Italian 10-year note. This largely reflects weakness in economic data 

recently and worries about tariffs and potential trade wars. It also reflects expectations that the Fed will cut rates in 

the second half of this year. In the UK, Germany, and Japan, 10-year government bond yields decreased to 0.83, -

0.33, and -0.16 percent, respectively. At the end of June, the hedged yield differential between the 10-year Treasury 

and the 10-year JGB stood at -51 bps, an increase of 10 bps since May. The hedged yield differential between the 

10-year Treasury and the 10-year Bund stands at -54 bps, an increase of 19 bps since the end of May. 

Yield(%)Yield(%)

5
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19

G2SF CC yield & nominal spread, USD

G2SF CC yield, USD (left) G2SF CC yield nominal spread vs UST 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Jun-08 Jun-09 Jun-10 Jun-11 Jun-12 Jun-13 Jun-14 Jun-15 Jun-16 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19

GNSF CC yield & nominal spread, USD

GNSF CC yield, USD (left) GNSF CC yield nominal spread vs UST 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

The nominal yield on both the current coupon GNMA II and GNMA I securities decreased in June 2019. 

Current coupon Ginnie Mae securities outyieldtheir Treasury counterparts (relative to the average of 5-and 

10-year Treasury yields) by 53 and 54 bps on G2SF and GNSF, respectively, a tightening of 10 bps since last 

month. 

Yield(%) Yield(%)

Yield(%)

Yield(%)

6
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19

G2SF CC yield & nominal spread, JPY

G2SF CC yield, JPY (left) G2SF CC yield nominal spread vs JGB 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

If Ginnie Mae securities are hedged into foreign currencies, they look fair on a yield basis versus many sovereign 

alternatives. The figures below show that current coupon G2SF and GNSF hedged into Japanese yen have a 

marginally lower yield than the JGB 5/10 blend by 5 and 4 bps respectively at the end of June. The past two 

months are the first time this yield spread has been negative since 2007.

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Jun-08 Jun-09 Jun-10 Jun-11 Jun-12 Jun-13 Jun-14 Jun-15 Jun-16 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19

GNSF CC yield & nominal spread, JPY 

GNSF CC yield, JPY (left) GNSF CC yield nominal spread vs JGB 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

Yield(%) Yield(%)

Yield(%) Yield(%)

7
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19

G2SF CC yield & nominal spread, EUR

G2SF CC yield, EUR (left) G2SF CC yield nominal spread vs GER 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

Jun-08 Jun-09 Jun-10 Jun-11 Jun-12 Jun-13 Jun-14 Jun-15 Jun-16 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19

GNSF CC yield & nominal spread, EUR

GNSF CC yield, EUR (left) GNSF CC yield nominal spread vs GER 5/10 blend (50%/50%) (right)

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Data as of June 2019.

If Ginnie Mae securities are hedged into foreign currencies, they look fair on a yield basis versus sovereign 

alternatives. The figures below show that at the end of June, the current coupon G2SF has a 4 bp higher yield 

than the than the average of the German 5/10 blend, while the GNSF hedged into euros has a spread to the 

German 5/10 blend of 5 bps. This represents a 5 bpincrease for each since the end of May. 

Yield(%) Yield(%)

Yield(%) Yield(%)

8
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

Sources: Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors. Note: Yields are in base currency of security and unhedged. 

Data as of June 2019.

US MBS yields are about the same or higher than most securities with the same or longer durations. The only 

asset class with significantly more yield is the US high yield index. Duration, a measure of sensitivity to interest 

rate changes, does not fully capture the volatility of the high yield asset classes, as there is a large credit 

component. 

Security Duration Yield

US 5y 4.8 1.77

US 10y 8.8 2.01

GNMA II 4.0% 2.5 2.46

GNMA II 3.5% 4.6 2.76

JPY 5y 4.8 -0.26

JPY 10y 9.8 -0.16

GER 5y 4.8 -0.67

GER 10y 9.5 -0.33

ITA 5y 4.7 1.35

ITA 10y 8.6 2.10

US credit 7.4 3.09

US credit >= A 7.6 2.87

US HY 3.2 5.87

Pan-Euro Corp 5.7 0.84

Pan-Euro HY 3.1 2.78

US 5y US 10y

G2 4.0% G2 3.5%

JPY 5y

GER 10y

GER 5y JPY 10y

ITA 5y

ITA 10y

US Credit

US Credit>=A

US HY

Pan-Euro 

Corp

Pan-Euro HY

-1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Yield

Duration

Yield versus duration

9
Relative Attractiveness of US Fixed 

Income and Ginnie Mae MBS

Average Return (Per Month)

Time Period US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Corp Pan Euro Credit Corp US High Yield* Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year 0.50 0.59 0.86 0.40 0.62 0.45

3 year 0.16 0.12 0.33 0.19 0.61 0.43

5 year 0.19 0.21 0.34 0.25 0.40 0.34

10 year 0.28 0.26 0.50 0.45 0.75 0.84

Source: State Street

*Assumes 2% capitalization max per issuer

Average Excess Return (Per Month)

Time Period US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Corp Pan Euro Credit Corp US High Yield* Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year 0.31 0.40 0.67 0.46 0.43 0.51

3 year 0.05 0.00 0.21 0.25 0.50 0.49

5 year 0.12 0.14 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.39

10 year 0.24 0.22 0.46 0.46 0.71 0.86

Source: State Street

*Assumes 2% capitalization max per issuer

Standard Deviation

Time Period US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Corp Pan Euro Credit Corp US High Yield* Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year 0.80 1.10 1.23 0.81 1.86 1.55

3 year 0.67 0.97 1.10 0.82 1.28 1.12

5 year 0.59 0.98 1.15 0.98 1.60 1.35

10 year 0.69 1.01 1.23 1.17 1.82 2.24

Source: State Street

*Assumes 2% capitalization max per issuer

Sharpe Ratio

TimePeriod US MBS 

Ginnie Mae US Treasury US Credit Corp Pan Euro Credit Corp US High Yield Pan EuroHigh Yield*

1 year 0.39 0.36 0.54 0.57 0.23 0.33

3 year 0.07 0.00 0.19 0.30 0.39 0.44

5 year 0.21 0.14 0.23 0.31 0.20 0.29

10 year 0.34 0.21 0.38 0.40 0.39 0.38

*Assumes 2% capitalization max per issuer on high yield indices

Sources: Barclays Indices, Bloomberg and State Street Global Advisors Note: Data as of June 2019.

The average return on the Ginnie Mae index over the past decade has been slightly higher than the US Treasury 

index. However, the standard deviation of the Ginnie Mae index is the lowest of any sector, as it has the least 

price volatility over a 3, 5 and 10 year horizon. The result: The Sharpe Ratio, or excess return per unit of risk over 

the 10-year horizon is only marginally lower than most of the corporate indices, although a good bit higher than 

the US Treasury Index.

10
State of the US Housing Market

6.1%

3.4%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

Apr-00

Oct-00

Apr-01

Oct-01

Apr-02

Oct-02

Apr-03

Oct-03

Apr-04

Oct-04

Apr-05

Oct-05

Apr-06

Oct-06

Apr-07

Oct-07

Apr-08

Oct-08

Apr-09

Oct-09

Apr-10

Oct-10

Apr-11

Oct-11

Apr-12

Oct-12

Apr-13

Oct-13

Apr-14

Oct-14

Apr-15

Oct-15

Apr-16

Oct-16

Apr-17

Oct-17

Apr-18

Oct-18

Apr-19

Year-over-year growth rate

National Year-Over-Year HPI Growth

Black Knight HPI year-over-year Zillow HVI year-over-year

Sources: Black Knight, Zillow, and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of April 2019.

0.74%

0.67%

3.45%

1.87%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

3Q052Q061Q074Q073Q082Q091Q104Q103Q112Q121Q134Q133Q142Q151Q164Q163Q172Q181Q19

Serious delinquency rates

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac FHA VA

Sources: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, MBA Delinquency Survey and Urban Institute.

Note: Serious delinquency is defined as 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Data as of Q1 2019.

Serious Delinquency Rates: Single-Family Loans

Serious delinquencies rates for single-family GSE loans, FHA loans, and VA loans declined in Q1 2019. GSE 

delinquencies remain slightly higher relative to 2006-2007, while FHA and VA delinquencies (which are higher than 

their GSE counterparts) are at levels lower than 2006-2007. After touching 6.5 percent in early 2018, year-overyear house price appreciation has slowed considerably in recent months. It stood at 3.4 percent in April 2019 per 

Black Knight’s repeat sales index and at 6.1 percent per Zillow’s hedonic index. 

11
State of the US Housing Market

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Sources:Black Knight and Urban Institute. Note: HPI data as of April 2018. Negative sign indicates that state is above earlier peak. Peak refers to the month when 

HPI reached the highest level for each state/US during the housing boom period, ranging from 09/2005 to 09/2008. Trough represents the month when HPI fell to 

the lowest level for each state/US after the housing bust, ranging from 01/2009 to 03/2012. Current is 04/2019, the latest HPI data period.

Nationally, nominal home prices have increased by 51.5 percent since the trough, and now exceed their pre-crisis 

peak valuation on a nominal basis by 12.8 percent. The picture is very different across states, with many states well in 

excess of the prior peak, while a number of states remain close to 10 percent or more below peak levels: Connecticut 

(14.1% below), Florida (10.6% below), Nevada (9.8% below), and Maryland (9.5% below).

HPI Changes

State 2000 to Peak Peak to Trough Trough to Current YOY CurrentHPI % Above Peak

National 75.7% -25.6% 51.5% 3.4% 12.8%

Alabama 44.0% -15.5% 29.1% 5.8% 9.1%

Alaska 69.6% -3.2% 21.8% 1.3% 18.0%

Arizona 110.2% -47.9% 77.9% 6.4% -7.4%

Arkansas 41.8% -10.6% 24.1% 3.0% 10.9%

California 155.4% -43.4% 87.9% 1.1% 6.4%

Colorado 40.1% -12.7% 78.2% 4.2% 55.5%

Connecticut 92.4% -24.7% 14.1% 1.9% -14.1%

Delaware 94.7% -23.5% 27.7% 2.7% -2.3%

District of Columbia 175.2% -13.5% 55.5% 3.2% 34.5%

Florida 129.2% -47.0% 68.6% 4.0% -10.6%

Georgia 38.3% -32.1% 63.4% 5.1% 11.0%

Hawaii 162.0% -22.1% 49.3% 2.4% 16.4%

Idaho 71.6% -28.5% 75.7% 9.7% 25.6%

Illinois 61.6% -34.6% 38.9% 1.9% -9.1%

Indiana 21.4% -7.6% 32.2% 5.3% 22.1%

Iowa 28.3% -5.0% 24.6% 2.7% 18.4%

Kansas 34.7% -9.3% 40.5% 5.0% 27.5%

Kentucky 29.5% -7.7% 33.3% 4.1% 23.1%

Louisiana 48.8% -5.2% 22.5% 1.8% 16.2%

Maine 82.4% -12.5% 36.2% 6.9% 19.1%

Maryland 129.4% -28.5% 26.6% 1.9% -9.5%

Massachusetts 92.6% -22.7% 52.9% 3.6% 18.1%

Michigan 24.1% -39.7% 74.8% 4.5% 5.4%

Minnesota 66.3% -27.6% 52.9% 3.4% 10.7%

Mississippi 41.1% -13.6% 26.8% 5.2% 9.6%

Missouri 42.7% -14.7% 33.1% 6.9% 13.5%

Montana 81.6% -10.7% 45.3% 3.4% 29.7%

Nebraska 26.5% -6.8% 37.7% 2.9% 28.4%

Nevada 126.9% -59.4% 122.1% 7.0% -9.8%

New Hampshire 90.7% -23.6% 37.4% 4.2% 5.0%

New Jersey 118.0% -27.8% 25.8% 2.5% -9.2%

New Mexico 66.9% -16.1% 21.6% 4.1% 2.0%

New York 98.8% -15.2% 36.4% 2.1% 15.6%

North Carolina 40.6% -15.5% 34.6% 5.0% 13.7%

North Dakota 54.0% -3.9% 51.2% -1.1% 45.2%

Ohio 21.2% -18.3% 29.3% 0.9% 5.6%

Oklahoma 37.5% -2.4% 17.9% 3.1% 15.1%

Oregon 82.4% -27.9% 76.7% 3.7% 27.4%

Pennsylvania 70.4% -11.7% 23.2% 3.8% 8.8%

Rhode Island 131.3% -34.4% 46.5% 3.7% -3.9%

South Carolina 45.0% -19.3% 33.2% 4.4% 7.4%

South Dakota 45.2% -4.0% 41.6% 4.1% 36.0%

Tennessee 35.2% -11.8% 41.1% 5.0% 24.4%

Texas 33.2% -5.7% 49.4% 3.1% 40.8%

Utah 54.4% -21.8% 70.9% 7.4% 33.7%

Vermont 83.5% -7.5% 28.1% 4.5% 18.5%

Virginia 99.5% -22.7% 26.1% 2.8% -2.6%

Washington 85.4% -28.7% 85.8% 3.9% 32.6%

West Virginia 43.1% -5.9% 16.2% 1.4% 9.3%

Wisconsin 44.9% -16.2% 34.1% 4.8% 12.3%

Wyoming 77.4% -5.7% 28.3% 5.1% 21.0%

12
State of the US Housing Market

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Agency Issuance (past 1 year) Agency Outstanding 

State Ginnie Mae Share Ginnie Mae Average

Loan Size (Thousands)

GSE Average Loan 

Size (Thousands)

Ginnie Mae 

Share

Ginnie Mae Average 

Loan Size (Thousands)

GSE Average Loan Size 

(Thousands)

National 33.1% 218.2 233.6 30.6% 165.3 187.7

Alabama 43.6% 166.6 188.5 44.9% 128.8 151.3

Alaska 51.7% 285.0 252.0 51.6% 233.7 198.6

Arizona 31.6% 220.3 223.4 31.4% 166.5 178.0

Arkansas 42.7% 145.2 170.7 44.4% 111.0 137.0

California 27.6% 355.0 339.1 21.1% 270.3 266.9

Colorado 31.8% 300.0 287.7 27.2% 220.1 224.1

Connecticut 31.8% 217.0 227.9 29.5% 183.8 188.5

Delaware 37.1% 217.6 228.6 36.2% 180.8 183.9

District of Columbia 18.4% 424.8 362.5 16.0% 302.2 302.1

Florida 40.1% 213.1 213.0 35.2% 165.5 170.3

Georgia 39.6% 190.7 214.1 38.6% 143.4 169.3

Hawaii 38.3% 496.2 402.2 30.7% 392.8 315.4

Idaho 32.1% 212.4 215.5 31.7% 154.7 165.8

Illinois 26.7% 179.8 200.3 24.7% 142.0 160.3

Indiana 37.3% 146.7 162.0 37.6% 111.6 125.8

Iowa 27.6% 148.0 164.6 25.8% 114.4 131.0

Kansas 35.9% 157.6 178.1 35.6% 120.8 138.5

Kentucky 39.2% 152.9 170.0 38.9% 122.1 132.4

Louisiana 42.3% 172.5 194.9 41.8% 137.5 158.6

Maine 35.0% 188.7 205.1 32.5% 153.4 159.9

Maryland 43.8% 286.1 267.6 39.3% 233.2 218.6

Massachusetts 24.6% 301.0 287.8 19.4% 237.7 227.5

Michigan 25.2% 151.0 172.7 25.2% 114.0 134.4

Minnesota 24.1% 204.4 216.7 24.1% 156.9 170.2

Mississippi 50.3% 156.0 175.7 50.3% 120.3 141.7

Missouri 35.3% 155.8 175.1 34.9% 121.3 138.7

Montana 29.4% 224.0 228.1 29.6% 170.4 176.1

Nebraska 32.1% 169.3 175.0 33.0% 123.2 137.6

Nevada 33.8% 259.9 242.5 35.1% 188.3 190.7

New Hampshire 31.6% 239.9 230.3 29.2% 194.2 180.7

New Jersey 29.5% 257.1 269.0 27.3% 211.9 218.6

New Mexico 41.5% 183.6 191.5 42.4% 141.5 152.7

New York 25.9% 251.1 274.4 25.2% 187.0 214.7

North Carolina 33.9% 186.9 209.4 33.8% 141.9 165.8

North Dakota 31.3% 213.9 207.5 26.3% 168.0 165.8

Ohio 34.6% 146.3 158.8 35.9% 113.0 126.3

Oklahoma 44.6% 156.5 175.4 47.8% 119.2 139.9

Oregon 27.1% 266.9 267.1 23.6% 200.0 206.7

Pennsylvania 32.0% 168.8 196.5 32.5% 137.2 158.1

Rhode Island 39.2% 236.7 227.7 33.7% 188.4 181.9

South Carolina 39.0% 189.5 198.4 37.4% 147.7 160.4

South Dakota 37.4% 179.9 189.9 35.7% 143.7 149.3

Tennessee 39.4% 189.5 206.3 39.8% 139.4 163.6

Texas 34.2% 201.6 219.8 35.5% 142.5 174.7

Utah 28.0% 255.3 264.2 27.9% 191.7 206.7

Vermont 22.4% 190.1 202.0 20.0% 165.8 159.6

Virginia 44.4% 272.1 263.1 41.1% 223.6 216.2

Washington 30.5% 298.5 298.7 27.7% 220.2 227.6

West Virginia 49.0% 156.7 156.5 45.8% 126.8 127.0

Wisconsin 22.1% 171.6 180.1 20.9% 134.7 141.2

Wyoming 41.6% 218.5 218.6 40.1% 178.3 175.8

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Ginnie Mae outstanding share are based on loan balance as of May 2019. Ginnie Mae issuance is based on the last 12 months, 

from June 2018 to May 2019.

Ginnie Mae MBS constitute 30.6 percent of outstanding agency issuance by loan balance and 33.1 percent of new 

issuance over the past year. However, the Ginnie Mae share varies widely across states, with the share of 

outstanding (by loan balance) as low as 16.0 percent in the District of Columbia and as high as 51.6 percent in 

Alaska. In general, the Ginnie Mae share is higher in states with lower home prices.

13
State of the US Housing Market

$10.9

$16.6

$27.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Q1

$ Trillions

Value of the US Housing Market

Debt, household mortgages Household equity Total Value

Sources: Federal Reserve Flow of Funds and Urban Institute. Data as of Q1 2019.

$0.46

$0.52

$6.68

$3.24

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Q1

$ Trillions

Size of the US Residential Mortgage Market

Private Label Securities Second Liens Agency MBS Unsecuritized first liens

Sources: Federal Reserve Flow of Funds, Inside Mortgage Finance, eMBS and Urban Institute.

Note: Unsecuritized first liens includes loans held by commercial banks, GSEs, savings institutions, and credit unions. Data as of Q1 2019.

The Federal Reserve's Flow of Funds report has consistently indicated an increasing total value of the housing 

market driven by growing household equity since 2012, and 2019 Q1 was no different. Total mortgage debt 

outstanding increased slightly to $10.9 trillion and household equity increased slightly to $16.6 trillion, bringing 

the total value of the housing market to $27.5 trillion, 15 percent higher than the pre-crisis peak in 2006. Agency 

MBS make up 61.3 percent of the total mortgage market, private-label securities make up 4.2 percent, and 

unsecuritized first liens at the GSEs, commercial banks, savings institutions, and credit unions make up 29.7 

percent. Second liens comprise the remaining 4.8 percent of the total.

14
State of the US Housing Market

As of May 2019, outstanding securities in the agency market totaled $6.73 trillion: 42.8 percent Fannie Mae, 27.6 

percent Freddie Mac, and 29.6 percent Ginnie Mae MBS. Ginnie Mae has more outstandings than Freddie Mac. 

Within the Ginnie Mae market, both FHA and VA have grown very rapidly post-crisis. FHA comprises 59.6 percent 

of total Ginnie Mae MBS outstanding, while VA comprises 34.5 percent.

$2.88

$1.86

$1.99

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

May-01

Nov-01

May-02

Nov-02

May-03

Nov-03

May-04

Nov-04

May-05

Nov-05

May-06

Nov-06

May-07

Nov-07

May-08

Nov-08

May-09

Nov-09

May-10

Nov-10

May-11

Nov-11

May-12

Nov-12

May-13

Nov-13

May-14

Nov-14

May-15

Nov-15

May-16

Nov-16

May-17

Nov-17

May-18

Nov-18

May-19

$ Trillions

Outstanding Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

$1.2

$0.7

$0.1

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

May-01

Nov-01

May-02

Nov-02

May-03

Nov-03

May-04

Nov-04

May-05

Nov-05

May-06

Nov-06

May-07

Nov-07

May-08

Nov-08

May-09

Nov-09

May-10

Nov-10

May-11

Nov-11

May-12

Nov-12

May-13

Nov-13

May-14

Nov-14

May-15

Nov-15

May-16

Nov-16

May-17

Nov-17

May-18

Nov-18

May-19

$ Trillions

Outstanding Ginnie Mae Mortgage-Backed Securities

FHA VA Other

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note:Data as of May 2019.

15
State of the US Housing Market

$0.14

$0.07

$0.01

$0.13

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Q1

$ trillions

First Lien Origination Volume Portfolio

PLS securitization

FHA/VA securitization

GSE securitization

Sources: Inside Mortgage Finance and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2019.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Q1

First Lien Origination Share

In the first quarter of 2019, first lien originations totaled $355 billion, down slightly from $380 billion in Q1 2018. 

The share of portfolio originations was 37.3 percent in Q1 2019, up significantly from 29.0 percent in the same 

period of 2018. The GSE share was down at 37.3 percent, compared to 46.3 percent in Q1 2018. The FHA/VA 

share fell slightly, at 20.2 percent compared to 22.9 percent in the same period last year. Private-label 

securitization at 2.9 percent was relatively high compared to the share of 0 percent ten years ago, but remains a 

fraction of its share in the pre-bubble years.

Sources: Inside Mortgage Finance and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2019. 

37.3%

2.9%

20.2%

39.6%

16
US Agency Market, Originations

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Ginnie Mae Breakdown: Agency Gross Issuance

Issuance Year FHA VA Other Total

2000 $80.2 $18.8 $3.2 $102.2

2001 $133.8 $34.7 $3.1 $171.5

2002 $128.6 $37.9 $2.5 $169.0

2003 $147.9 $62.7 $2.5 $213.1

2004 $85.0 $31.8 $2.5 $119.2

2005 $55.7 $23.5 $2.1 $81.4

2006 $51.2 $23.2 $2.3 $76.7

2007 $67.7 $24.2 $3.0 $94.9

2008 $221.7 $39.0 $6.9 $267.6

2009 $359.9 $74.6 $16.8 $451.3

2010 $304.9 $70.6 $15.3 $390.7

2011 $216.1 $82.3 $16.9 $315.3

2012 $253.4 $131.3 $20.3 $405.0

2013 $239.2 $132.2 $22.2 $393.6

2014 $163.9 $111.4 $21.0 $296.3

2015 $261.5 $155.6 $19.2 $436.3

2016 $281.8 $206.5 $19.9 $508.2

2017 $257.6 $177.8 $20.2 $455.6

2018 $222.6 $160.8 $17.2 $400.6

2019 YTD $85.2 $60.6 $5.0 $150.8

2019 YTD % Change YOY -3.4% -11.0% -26.4% -7.6%

2019 Ann. $204.4 $145.5 $11.9 $361.8

Agency Gross Issuance

Issuance Year Fannie Mae Freddie Mac GSE Total Ginnie Mae Total

2000 $202.8 $157.9 $360.6 $102.2 $462.8

2001 $506.9 $378.2 $885.1 $171.5 $1,056.6

2002 $710.0 $529.0 $1,238.9 $169.0 $1,407.9

2003 $1,174.4 $700.5 $1,874.9 $213.1 $2,088.0

2004 $517.5 $355.2 $872.6 $119.2 $991.9

2005 $514.1 $379.9 $894.0 $81.4 $975.3

2006 $500.2 $352.9 $853.0 $76.7 $929.7

2007 $633.0 $433.3 $1,066.2 $94.9 $1,161.1

2008 $562.7 $348.7 $911.4 $267.6 $1,179.0

2009 $817.1 $462.9 $1,280.0 $451.3 $1,731.3

2010 $626.6 $377.0 $1,003.5 $390.7 $1,394.3

2011 $578.2 $301.2 $879.3 $315.3 $1,194.7

2012 $847.6 $441.3 $1,288.8 $405.0 $1,693.8

2013 $749.9 $426.7 $1,176.6 $393.6 $1,570.2

2014 $392.9 $258.0 $650.9 $296.3 $947.2

2015 $493.9 $351.9 $845.7 $436.3 $1,282.0

2016 $600.5 $391.1 $991.6 $508.2 $1,499.8

2017 $531.3 $345.9 $877.3 $455.6 $1,332.9

2018 $480.9 $314.1 $795.0 $400.6 $1,195.3

2019 YTD $167.8 $131.5 $299.4 $150.8 $450.1

2019 YTD % Change YOY -15.4% 11.6% -5.4% -7.6% -6.1%

2019 Ann. $402.8 $315.7 $718.5 $361.8 $1,080.3

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute (top and bottom). 

Note : Dollar amounts are in billions. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of 

Agriculture’s Rural Development. All data is as of May 2019.

Agency gross issuance was $450.1 billion in the first five months of 2019, down 6.1 percent compared to the same 

period in 2018. Ginnie Mae gross issuance was down by 7.6 percent and GSE gross issuance was down by 5.4 

percent. Within the Ginnie Mae market, FHA was down by 3.4 percent and VA origination was down by 11.0 

percent. The decline in origination volume is the result of lower origination volumes in January and February 2019, 

versus the same period a year earlier, as well as Ginnie Mae and VA actions to curb rapid VA refinancing speeds.

17
US Agency Market, Originations

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Ginnie Mae Breakdown: Net Issuance

Issuance Year FHA VA Other Total

2000 $29.0 $0.3 $0.0 $29.3

2001 $0.7 -$10.6 $0.0 -$9.9

2002 -$22.5 -$28.7 $0.0 -$51.2

2003 -$56.5 -$21.1 $0.0 -$77.6

2004 -$45.2 $5.1 $0.0 -$40.1

2005 -$37.3 -$12.1 $7.2 -$42.2

2006 -$4.7 $3.8 $1.2 $0.2

2007 $20.2 $8.7 $2.0 $30.9

2008 $173.3 $17.7 $5.4 $196.4

2009 $206.4 $35.1 $15.8 $257.4

2010 $158.6 $29.6 $10.0 $198.3

2011 $102.8 $34.0 $12.8 $149.6

2012 $58.9 $45.9 $14.3 $119.1

2013 $20.7 $53.3 $13.9 $87.9

2014 -$4.8 $53.9 $12.5 $61.6

2015 $22.5 $66.9 $7.9 $97.3

2016 $45.6 $73.2 $6.0 $124.9

2017 $50.1 $76.1 $5.0 $131.3

2018 $49.2 $61.2 $3.5 $113.9

2019 YTD $18.4 $19.1 $0.4 $37.8

2019 YTD % Change YOY 19.7% -20.2% -74.7% -7.1%

2019 Ann. $44.1 $45.8 $0.9 $90.8

Agency Net Issuance

Issuance Year Fannie Mae Freddie Mac GSE Total Ginnie Mae Total

2000 $92.0 $67.8 $159.8 $29.3 $189.1

2001 $216.6 $151.8 $368.4 -$9.9 $358.5

2002 $218.9 $138.3 $357.2 -$51.2 $306.1

2003 $293.7 $41.1 $334.9 -$77.6 $257.3

2004 $32.3 $50.2 $82.5 -$40.1 $42.4

2005 $62.5 $111.7 $174.2 -$42.2 $132.0

2006 $164.3 $149.3 $313.6 $0.2 $313.8

2007 $296.1 $218.8 $514.9 $30.9 $545.7

2008 $213.0 $101.8 $314.8 $196.4 $511.3

2009 $208.1 $42.5 $250.6 $257.4 $508.0

2010 -$156.4 -$146.8 -$303.2 $198.3 -$105.0

2011 -$32.6 -$95.8 -$128.4 $149.6 $21.2

2012 $32.9 -$75.3 -$42.4 $119.1 $76.8

2013 $57.5 $11.6 $69.1 $87.9 $157.0

2014 $0.5 $30.0 $30.5 $61.6 $92.1

2015 $10.2 $65.0 $75.1 $97.3 $172.5

2016 $68.6 $66.8 $135.5 $125.3 $260.8

2017 $90.2 $78.2 $168.5 $131.3 $299.7

2018 $79.4 $68.4 $147.7 $113.9 $261.6

2019 YTD $16.2 $37.7 $53.9 $37.8 $91.7

2019 YTD % Change YOY -48.6% 98.8% 6.7% -7.1% 0.6%

2019 Ann. $38.9 $90.4 $129.3 $90.8 $220.1

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note : Dollar amounts are in billions. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian 

Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development. All data is as of May 2019.

Agency net issuance totaled $91.7 billion in the first five months of 2019, down up 0.6 percent compared to the same period 

in 2018. Ginnie Mae net issuance was $37.8 billion, comprising 41.2 percent of total agency net issuance. Ginnie Mae net 

issuance was down 7.1 percent compared to the same period in 2019. Ginnie Mae net issuance in the first five months of 

2019 was comprised of 50.5 percent VA and 48.7 percent FHA. 

18
US Agency Market, Originations

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute.

Note : Dollar amounts are in billions. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of 

Agriculture’s Rural Development. All data is as of May 2019.

Agency gross issuance moves inversely to interest rates, generally declining as interest rates have risen, rising 

when interest rates fall, but the seasonal trend is also very strong. This table allows for a comparison with the 

same month in previous years. May 2019 gross agency issuance of $117.6 billion is above the May 2018 level of 

$100.1 billion. 

Date

Gross Issuance Net Issuance

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae Total Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae Total

Jan-16 $35.6 $22.5 $32.5 $90.6 -$0.6 $1.0 $7.3 $7.8

Feb-16 $32.4 $21.2 $30.5 $84.1 $2.4 $3.1 $8.4 $13.9

Mar-16 $39.7 $27.5 $32.9 $100.1 $7.9 $8.2 $9.6 $25.8

Apr-16 $43.8 $26.2 $40.1 $110.1 $0.8 -$0.2 $8.8 $9.4

May-16 $44.2 $29.9 $41.6 $115.6 $2.4 $4.4 $11.4 $18.3

Jun-16 $46.7 $30.1 $43.9 $120.8 $2.7 $3.0 $11.9 $17.7

Jul-16 $49.8 $35.3 $46.1 $131.1 $2.3 $6.3 $10.8 $19.4

Aug-16 $54.9 $37.9 $46.7 $139.5 $10.4 $11.0 $13.8 $35.2

Sep-16 $65.8 $44.0 $52.5 $162.4 $8.7 $9.0 $12.5 $30.2

Oct-16 $66.0 $35.9 $47.4 $149.3 $11.8 $2.7 $9.3 $24.5

Nov-16 $48.8 $40.2 $47.2 $136.3 -$3.5 $7.9 $10.3 $14.8

Dec-16 $72.7 $40.5 $46.8 $160.0 $23.3 $10.4 $10.8 $44.6

Jan-17 $55.6 $38.5 $42.6 $136.6 $10.3 $10.7 $10.3 $31.9

Feb-17 $37.6 $27.4 $33.1 $98.1 $3.1 $6.5 $9.2 $18.9

Mar-17 $39.5 $24.4 $31.3 $95.2 $10.3 $6.2 $9.6 $26.3

Apr-17 $39.3 $21.2 $36.4 $97.0 $4.8 $0.4 $11.7 $17.3

May-17 $40.3 $22.6 $36.4 $99.3 $7.6 $2.7 $13.1 $23.6

Jun-17 $45.7 $25.1 $39.9 $110.7 $8.3 $2.4 $13.2 $24.1

Jul-17 $45.3 $27.6 $40.6 $113.5 $5.8 $3.5 $12.1 $21.5

Aug-17 $49.1 $29.3 $42.8 $121.1 $12.0 $6.7 $15.6 $33.9

Sep-17 $47.3 $27.9 $40.2 $115.5 $7.4 $3.8 $10.5 $21.7

Oct-17 $42.9 $34.6 $38.4 $115.9 $6.4 $12.5 $10.7 $29.6

Nov-17 $43.5 $37.2 $37.8 $118.5 $4.6 $13.6 $8.2 $26.4

Dec-17 $45.3 $30.0 $36.2 $111.5 $9.6 $8.2 $6.8 $24.6

Jan-18 $47.4 $21.4 $35.2 $104.0 $12.4 $0.3 $7.8 $20.6

Feb-18 $40.3 $21.5 $31.9 $93.7 $8.0 $2.3 $7.1 $17.4

Mar-18 $35.6 $21.3 $29.0 $85.9 $4.9 $3.0 $6.1 $14.0

Apr-18 $36.3 $26.2 $32.7 $95.2 $1.7 $6.1 $9.1 $16.8

May-18 $38.9 $27.5 $33.7 $100.1 $4.5 $7.2 $10.6 $22.4

Jun-18 $38.2 $28.8 $35.6 $102.5 $2.2 $6.8 $10.5 $19.5

Jul-18 $40.3 $26.2 $35.6 $102.1 $4.2 $3.7 $10.7 $18.6

Aug-18 $50.4 $29.9 $37.5 $117.8 $14.9 $7.9 $12.8 $35.6

Sep-18 $41.8 $30.1 $34.8 $106.6 $5.7 $6.2 $9.1 $21.0

Oct-18 $39.8 $27.4 $33.2 $100.3 $10.1 $7.6 $12.1 $29.7

Nov-18 $35.1 $30.1 $32.4 $97.6 $2.6 $10.8 $9.6 $22.9

Dec-18 $36.9 $23.9 $28.4 $89.1 $8.2 $6.4 $8.4 $23.0

Jan-19 $33.3 $19.2 $29.0 $81.6 $5.5 $2.5 $9.5 $17.5

Feb-19 $27.3 $19.9 $23.5 $70.7 $1.2 $3.6 $4.6 $9.5

Mar-19 $29.6 $27.3 $26.6 $83.5 $1.9 $10.3 $5.8 $18.0

Apr-19 $33.1 $30.8 $32.9 $96.8 $0.6 $11.0 $8.5 $20.1

May-19 $44.5 $34.3 $38.8 $117.6 $7.0 $10.3 $9.4 $26.7

Monthly Agency Issuance

19
US Agency Market, Originations

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Nov-04

May-05

Nov-05

May-06

Nov-06

May-07

Nov-07

May-08

Nov-08

May-09

Nov-09

May-10

Nov-10

May-11

Nov-11

May-12

Nov-12

May-13

Nov-13

May-14

Nov-14

May-15

Nov-15

May-16

Nov-16

May-17

Nov-17

May-18

Nov-18

May-19

Mortgage Rate

Percent Refi

Percent Refi at Issuance

Freddie Mac (left) Fannie Mae (left) Ginnie Mae (left) Mortgage rate (right)

24.7%

38.1%

0.01% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

May-19

Percent Refi

Percent Refi at Issuance: Ginnie Mae Breakdown

FHA VA Other

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Based on at-issuance balance. Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute.

Note: Based on at-issuance balance. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s 

Rural Development. Data as of May 2019.

The Ginnie Mae refi share stood at 30 percent in May 2019, below the 36-44 percent share for Fannie Mae and 

Freddie Mac. Within Ginnie Mae, VA had the highest refi share at 38 percent in May 2019, followed by FHA’s 25 

percent. In the spring and summer of 2018, refi share for all agencies fell sharply due to rising interest rates and 

seasonal upticks in purchase activity. The refi share stabilized after the summer surge in purchase activity ended; it 

ticked up in spring 2019 as rates trended down.

20
Credit Box

43.8%

46.0%

72.6%

55.2%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Sep-13 Jan-14May-14Sep-14 Jan-15May-15Sep-15 Jan-16May-16Sep-16 Jan-17May-17Sep-17 Jan-18May-18Sep-18 Jan-19May-19

First-time homebuyer share (%)

First Time Homebuyer Share: Purchase Only Loans

Freddie Fannie Ginnie All

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

The first time homebuyer share of Ginnie Mae purchase loans was 72.6 percent in May 2019, a historical high. 

First time homebuyers comprise a significantly higher share of the Ginnie Mae purchase market than of the GSE 

purchase market, with first time homebuyers accounting for 46.0 percent and 43.8 percent of Fannie Mae and 

Freddie Mac purchase originations respectively. The bottom table shows that based on mortgages originated in 

May 2019, the average first-time homebuyer was more likely than an average repeat buyer to take out a 

smaller loan, have a lower credit score, a much higher LTV and similar DTI.

Fannie Mae Freddie Mac Ginnie Mae All

First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat

Loan Amount ($ ) 240,721 265,478 247,112 268,567 211,144 260,974 227,837 265,306 

Credit Score 739.7 754.8 743.4 758.0 675.9 700.2 709.6 741.0

LTV (%) 88.0 79.1 86.6 79.5 96.9 95.4 92.0 83.6

DTI (%) 36.0 36.6 35.0 36.2 42.0 43.1 38.7 38.2

Loan Rate (%) 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note: In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the financed upfront mortgage insurance 

premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage insurance premium by 

subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. Data as of May 2019.

21
Credit Box

84.2%

55.5%

79.4%

72.6%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

Sep-13 Jan-14May-14Sep-14 Jan-15May-15Sep-15 Jan-16May-16Sep-16 Jan-17May-17Sep-17 Jan-18May-18Sep-18 Jan-19May-19

First-time homebuyer share (%)

First Time Homebuyer Share: 

Ginnie Mae Purchase Only Loans Breakdown by Source

FHA VA Other All

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019. “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the 

Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development. In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the 

financed upfront mortgage insurance premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage 

insurance premium by subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. 

Within the Ginnie Mae purchase market, 79.4 percent of FHA loans, 55.5 percent of VA loans and 84.2 percent of 

other loans represent financing for first-time home buyers in May 2019. The bottom table shows that based on 

mortgages originated in May 2019, the average first-time homebuyer was more likely than an average repeat 

buyer to take out a smaller loan, have a lower credit score, higher LTV and lower DTI.

FHA VA Other Ginnie Mae Total

First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat First-Time Repeat

Loan Amount ($) 206,707 224,752 250,218 304,660 147,066 165,312 211,144 260,974 

Credit Score 666.6 671.0 696.3 728.0 693.2 701.6 675.9 700.2

LTV (%) 95.6 94.0 99.9 96.4 99.2 99.1 96.9 95.4

DTI (%) 43.3 44.4 40.9 42.5 35.0 36.1 42.0 43.1

Loan Rate (%) 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

22
Credit Box

Sources: Credit Bureau Data and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of August 2017.

FICO Score Distribution: Mortgage Owners vs All Consumers

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

300-500500-520520-540540-560560-580580-600600-620620-640640-660660-680680-700700-720720-740740-760760-780780-800800-820820-850

All Consumers Mortgage owners

All Consumers- Percentiles

Minimum P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 Maximum

300 503 524 587 682 774 813 822 839

Mortgage Owners-Percentiles

Minimum P5 P10 P25 P50 P75 P90 P95 Maximum

300 570 615 682 752 801 818 824 839

Consumers who have a mortgage are concentrated at the high end of the general credit score spectrum. The top 

table shows that the median FICO score for all consumers (682) is equal to the 25th percentile of those with a 

mortgage (682).

23
Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Purchase FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 305,243 642 681 732 776 798 725 

Fannie 106,820 686 718 756 786 801 749 

Freddie 85,869 690 723 761 788 802 752 

Ginnie 112,554 621 642 674 719 767 683 

Refi FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 162,312 647 685 731 773 796 725 

Fannie 71,420 674 705 746 780 799 740 

Freddie 49,560 676 708 748 780 799 742 

Ginnie 41,332 610 641 675 716 761 678 

All FICO

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 467,555 643 682 732 775 797 725 

Fannie 178,240 681 713 752 784 801 745 

Freddie 135,429 685 717 756 785 801 749 

Ginnie 153,886 619 642 674 718 765 681 

Purchase FICO: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 112,554 621 642 674 719 767 683 

FHA 69,720 614 636 662 695 732 667 

VA 33,828 629 659 710 764 794 710 

Other 9,006 639 657 690 730 763 695 

Refi FICO: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 41,332 610 641 675 716 761 678 

FHA 21,695 604 632 661 694 729 663 

VA 19,573 620 655 695 742 778 694 

Other 64 625 659 692 733 780 695 

All FICO: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 153,886 619 642 674 718 765 681 

FHA 91,415 611 635 662 695 731 666 

VA 53,401 627 658 703 756 790 704 

Other 9,070 639 657 690 730 764 695 

May 2019 Credit Box at a Glance

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of 

Agriculture’s Rural Development. Data as of May 2019.

In May 2019, the median Ginnie Mae FICO score was 674 versus 752 for Fannie and 756 for Freddie. Note that the 

FICO score for the 10th percentile was 619 for Ginnie Mae, versus 681 for Fannie and 685 for Freddie. Within the 

Ginnie Mae market, FHA loans have a median FICO score of 662, VA loans have a median FICO score of 703 and 

other loans have a median FICO score of 690.

24
May 2019 Credit Box at a Glance

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Purchase LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 306,419 72.0 80.0 95.0 96.5 100.0 87.6 

Fannie 106,917 64.0 80.0 85.0 95.0 97.0 82.8 

Freddie 86,739 64.0 80.0 80.0 95.0 95.0 82.0 

Ginnie 112,763 93.3 96.5 96.5 100.0 102.0 96.5 

Refi LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 163,523 46.0 60.0 75.0 83.0 95.0 71.6 

Fannie 71,425 42.0 56.0 70.0 78.0 80.0 65.6 

Freddie 50,099 42.0 58.0 71.0 80.0 80.0 66.8 

Ginnie 41,999 71.1 83.0 86.8 98.2 100.0 87.4 

All LTV

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 469,942 57.1 75.0 85.0 96.5 98.0 82.0 

Fannie 178,342 50.0 68.0 80.0 90.0 95.0 75.9 

Freddie 136,838 52.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 95.0 76.4 

Ginnie 154,762 84.0 94.3 96.5 100.0 101.0 94.0 

Purchase LTV: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 112,763 93.3 96.5 96.5 100.0 102.0 96.5 

FHA 69,830 93.6 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 95.2 

VA 33,884 91.1 100.0 100.0 102.2 103.0 98.3 

Other 9,049 95.0 98.9 100.9 101.0 101.0 99.1 

Refi LTV: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 41,999 71.1 83.0 86.8 98.2 100.0 87.4 

FHA 21,626 69.0 80.8 86.5 87.0 97.6 83.7 

VA 20,302 74.1 87.0 96.7 100.0 101.1 91.4 

Other 71 67.9 79.1 86.3 98.0 99.2 84.4 

All LTV: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 154,762 84.0 94.3 96.5 100.0 101.0 94.0 

FHA 91,456 83.8 91.8 96.5 96.5 96.5 92.5 

VA 54,186 82.6 95.0 100.0 100.3 102.4 95.7 

Other 9,120 94.8 98.9 100.9 101.0 101.0 99.0 

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of 

Agriculture’s Rural Development. In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the financed 

upfront mortgage insurance premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage 

insurance premium by subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. Data as of May 2019.

In May 2019, the median loan-to-value ratio (LTV) was 96.5 percent for Ginnie Mae, and 80 percent for both Fannie 

Mae and Freddie Mac. The 90th percentile was 101 percent for Ginnie Mae, and 95 percent for both Fannie Mae and 

Freddie Mac. Within the Ginnie Mae market, the median LTV was 96.5 for FHA, 100.0 for VA and 100.9 for other 

programs. 

25
Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Purchase DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 306,060 24.0 31.5 39.1 45.3 50.0 38.2 

Fannie 106,911 22.0 29.0 37.0 44.0 48.0 36.1 

Freddie 86,719 22.0 29.0 37.0 43.0 47.0 35.5 

Ginnie 112,430 29.3 36.0 43.0 49.5 54.4 42.3 

Refi DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 152,258 23.0 30.0 38.0 44.0 48.8 36.6 

Fannie 71,362 22.0 29.0 37.0 43.0 47.0 35.4 

Freddie 50,055 22.0 29.0 37.0 43.0 46.0 35.3 

Ginnie 30,841 26.9 34.0 42.5 49.5 54.5 41.4 

All DTI

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 458,318 24.0 31.0 39.0 45.0 49.2 37.7 

Fannie 178,273 22.0 29.0 37.0 43.0 47.0 35.8 

Freddie 136,774 22.0 29.0 37.0 43.0 47.0 35.4 

Ginnie 143,271 28.9 35.6 42.9 49.5 54.4 42.1 

Purchase DTI: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 112,430 29.3 36.0 43.0 49.5 54.4 42.3 

FHA 69,834 30.9 37.8 44.5 50.6 54.7 43.5 

VA 33,594 27.9 34.8 42.1 49.0 54.5 41.6 

Other 9,002 26.2 31.0 36.2 40.2 42.8 35.2 

Refi DTI: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 30,841 26.9 34.0 42.5 49.5 54.5 41.4 

FHA 17,546 28.8 36.1 44.2 50.6 54.8 42.7 

VA 13,241 24.6 32.0 40.1 47.7 53.3 39.6 

Other 54 21.9 24.9 34.9 39.3 41.0 32.5 

All DTI: Ginnie Mae Breakdown By Source

Number of Loans P10 P25 Median P75 P90 Mean

All 143,271 28.9 35.6 42.9 49.5 54.4 42.1 

FHA 87,380 30.5 37.4 44.5 50.6 54.7 43.4 

VA 46,835 27.0 33.9 41.6 48.7 54.2 41.0 

Other 9,056 26.2 31.0 36.2 40.2 42.8 35.2 

May 2019 Credit Box at a Glance

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of 

Agriculture’s Rural Development. Data as of May 2019.

In May 2019, the median Ginnie Mae debt-to-income ratio (DTI) was 42.9 percent, considerably higher than the 37 

percent median DTI for both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The 90th percentile for Ginnie Mae was 54.4 percent, also 

much higher than the 47 percent DTI for the GSEs. Within the Ginnie Mae market, the median FHA DTI ratio was 

44.5 percent, versus 41.6 percent for VA and 36.2 percent for other lending programs. 

26
Credit Box: Historical

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

FICO Scores

FICO Scores for Purchase Loans 

Freddie Median FICO Fannie Median FICO

Ginnie Median FICO All Median FICO

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

FICO Scores for Refinance Loans

Freddie Median FICO Fannie Median FICO

Ginnie Median FICO All Median FICO

752

756

674

732

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Sep-13 Jan-14May-14 Sep-14 Jan-15May-15 Sep-15 Jan-16May-16 Sep-16 Jan-17May-17 Sep-17 Jan-18May-18 Sep-18 Jan-19May-19

FICO Scores

FICO Scores for All Loans

Freddie Median FICO Fannie Median FICO Ginnie Median FICO All Median FICO

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of May 2019. Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

The median FICO score for all agency loans originated in May 2019 was 732, an increase from 729 in April 

2019. The figures show that the median FICO score for GinnieMae borrowers has always been considerably 

lower than for GSE borrowers. Since early 2019, the median FICO score for Ginnie borrowers has trended 

down, while those for Fannie and Freddie are marginally higher. The difference between GinnieMae and GSE 

borrowers is wider in purchase loans than in refi loans.

27
Credit Box: Historical

96.5

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

May-19

Loan-to-Value Ratio

LTV Ratio for All Loans

Freddie Median LTV Fannie Median LTV Ginnie Median LTV All Median LTV

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

LTV Ratio for Refinance Loans

Freddie Median LTV Fannie Median LTV

Ginnie Median LTV All Median LTV

65.0

70.0

75.0

80.0

85.0

90.0

95.0

100.0

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Loan-to-Value Ratio

LTV Ratio for Purchase Loans

Freddie Median LTV Fannie Median LTV

Ginnie Median LTV All Median LTV

Median LTVs for Ginnie Mae loans have historically been at 96.5 percent, much higher than the 80 percent 

LTVs for the GSEs. Through time, both Ginnie Mae and GSE refinances have LTVs about 6-20 points lower 

than their purchase counterparts. 

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: In May 2017 Ginnie Mae began disclosing issuer-reported LTV for FHA loans, which includes the 

financed upfront mortgage insurance premium. To make it consistent with the previously reported LTV, we removed the financed upfront mortgage 

insurance premium by subtracting 169 bps from this new issuer-reported LTV. Sources and note apply to all three graphs. Data as of May 2019.

85.0

80

28
Credit Box: Historical

37.0

38.0

43.2

39.0

32.0

34.0

36.0

38.0

40.0

42.0

44.0

46.0

Sep-13 Jan-14 May-14 Sep-14 Jan-15 May-15 Sep-15 Jan-16 May-16 Sep-16 Jan-17 May-17 Sep-17 Jan-18 May-18 Sep-18 Jan-19 May-19

Debt-to-Income Ratio

DTI Ratio for All Loans

Freddie Median DTI Fannie Median DTI Ginnie Median DTI All Median DTI

30.0

32.0

34.0

36.0

38.0

40.0

42.0

44.0

46.0

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

DTI Ratio for Refinance Loans 

Freddie Median DTI Fannie Median DTI

Ginnie Median DTI All Median DTI

30.0

32.0

34.0

36.0

38.0

40.0

42.0

44.0

46.0

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Debt-to-income Ratio

DTI Ratio for Purchase Loans

Freddie Median DTI Fannie Median DTI

Ginnie Median DTI All Median DTI

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of May 2019.

Median debt-to-income ratios on Ginnie Mae loans have historically been in the low 40s, considerably higher 

than for the GSEs. DTIs have increased over the past two years for both Ginnie Mae and GSE loans, with the 

movement more pronounced for Ginnie Mae. Increases in DTI are very typical in an environment of rising 

interest rates and rising home prices. All three agencies witnessed measurable declines in DTIs in spring 2019 

driven by lower interest rates.

29
96%

87%

68%

50%

36%

96%

85%

59%

38%

29%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

<640 640–680 680–700 700–750 ≥ 750

95%

87%

70%

51%

36%

96%

83%

60%

39%

30%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

<640 640–680 680–700 700–750 ≥ 750

March 2017- May 2017 March 2019- May 2019

Credit Box: Historical

DTI < 35

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Ginnie Mae Share of Agency Market by DTI and FICO for Loans with LTV ≥ 95 

35 ≤ DTI < 45 

98% 97% 92%

84%

71%

99% 95%

82%

63%

48%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

<640 640–680 680–700 700–750 ≥ 750

Credit score

Credit score

Credit score

DTI ≥ 45

This table shows Ginnie Mae’s share of agency high-LTV lending by DTI and FICO. In each DTI bucket, Ginnie 

Mae’s share is more concentrated in lower FICO scores than in higher FICO scores. In March 2019−May 2019, 

Ginnie Mae accounted for 96 percent of agency issuance for DTIs under 35 and FICOs below 640, compared to 

just 30 percent for DTIs below 35 and FICO 750 and higher. The Ginnie/GSE split in the 35-45 DTI bucket looks a 

lot like the below 35 percent DTI bucket. In March 2019−May 2019, Ginnie Mae’s share of issuance was higher 

for DTIs of 45 and above, as compared with the two lower DTI buckets. Ginnie Mae share of loans with a DTI of 

45 and above and a FICO of 680-700 was 82 percent; it was 59-60 percent for the same FICO in the lower DTI 

buckets. Comparing this period to 2 years earlier, it is clear that GSEs have stepped up their higher LTV lending in 

all but the lowest FICO buckets, taking market share from Ginnie Mae. 

30
High LTV Loans: Ginnie Mae vs. 

GSEs

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute.

March 2017-May 2017

FICO

DTI <640 640–680 680–700 700–750 ≥ 750 All

< 35 3.0% 6.0% 3.3% 8.0% 9.4% 29.7%

35 −45 5.4% 10.4% 5.5% 12.2% 10.1% 43.6%

≥ 45 3.7% 8.2% 3.8% 6.8% 4.3% 26.7%

All 12.1% 24.6% 12.5% 26.9% 23.8% 100.0%

March 2019-May 2019

FICO

DTI <640 640–680 680–700 700–750 ≥ 750 All

< 35 3.0% 4.6% 2.5% 6.9% 8.8% 25.8%

35 −45 5.7% 8.7% 4.7% 11.4% 9.9% 40.4%

≥ 45 5.4% 8.9% 4.3% 8.9% 6.4% 33.8%

All 14.1% 22.2% 11.5% 27.1% 25.1% 100.0%

Agency Market Share by DTI and FICO for Loans with LTV ≥ 95

Share of Loans with LTV ≥ 95

GinnieMae GSE All

March2017-May 2017 70.3% 15.7% 33.9%

March2019-May 2019 70.4% 20.1% 36.2%

Ginnie Mae dominates high-LTV lending, with 70.4 percent of its issuances in the March 2019-May-2019 period 

having LTVs of 95 or above, compared to 20.1 percent for the GSEs. The GSEs have increased their high-LTV 

lending share from 15.7 percent in March 2017−May 2017. Ginnie Mae increased its high-LTV lending only 

slightly over the same period, up from 70.3 percent. As home prices and interest rates have increased, the share 

of high-DTI lending (loans with DTI ≥ 45) has increased across the FICO spectrum.

31
Nonbank Originators

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural 

Development.Data as of May 2019.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

May-19

Nonbank Origination Share: All Loans

All Fannie Freddie Ginnie

86%

63%

52%

47%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

All Fannie Freddie Ginnie

Nonbank Origination Share: 

Refinance Loans

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

All Fannie Freddie Ginnie

Nonbank Origination Share: 

Purchase Loans

The nonbank origination share has been rising steadily for all three agencies since 2013. The Ginnie Mae 

nonbank share has been consistently higher than the GSEs, remaining at a record high of 86 percent in May 

2019. Freddie and Fannie’s nonbank shares both fell in May, to 47 and 52 percent respectively (note that these 

numbers can be volatile on a month-to-month basis).Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac all have higher 

nonbank origination shares for refi activity than for purchase activity. Freddie Mac’s nonbank share is the 

lowest among the three agencies for both purchase and refi, and has been in a decline since September 2018.

32
Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originators 

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural 

Development.Data as of May 2019.

In May 2019, Ginnie Mae’s nonbank share was flat at 86 percent. The nonbank originator share for FHA 

remained at its historical high of 90 percent. The nonbank originator share for VA was 80 percent, and the 

nonbank originator share for other loans, which can fluctuate quite a bit month to month, increased to 86 

percent.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

May-19

Non-bank originator share

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originator Share: All Loans

All FHA VA Other

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Non-bank originator share

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Share: 

Purchase Loans

All FHA VA Other

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Share: 

Refinance Loans

All FHA VA Other

90%

86%

86%

80%

33
Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of May 2019. 

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of May 2019. 

729

751

712

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

750

760

770

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

May-19

Agency FICO: Bank vs. Nonbank

FICO All Median FICO Bank Median FICO Nonbank Median FICO

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019. 

650

670

690

710

730

750

770

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

All Median FICO

Bank Median FICO

Nonbank Median FICO

Ginnie Mae FICO: Bank vs. 

Nonbank

650

670

690

710

730

750

770

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

All Median FICO Bank Median FICO

Nonbank Median FICO

GSE FICO: Bank vs. Nonbank

Nonbank Credit Box

FICO FICO

Nonbank originators have played a key role in opening up access to credit. The median GSE and the median Ginnie Mae 

FICO scores for loans originated by nonbanks are lower than their bank counterparts. Within the GSE space, both bank 

and nonbank FICOs have declined since 2014 with a further relaxation in FICOs since early 2017. In contrast, within 

the Ginnie Mae space, FICO scores for bank originations are flat since 2014 while nonbank FICOs have declined. This 

largely reflects the sharp cut-back in FHA lending by many banks. 

34
Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019. Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019. 

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

GSE LTV: Bank vs. Nonbank

All Median LTV Bank Median LTV

Nonbank Median LTV

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019. 

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

All Median LTV Bank Median LTV

Nonbank Median LTV

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019. 

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

All Median DTI Bank Median DTI

Nonbank Median DTI

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

GSE DTI: Bank vs. Nonbank

All Median DTI Bank Median DTI

Nonbank Median DTI

Nonbank Credit Box

Ginnie Mae LTV: Bank vs. Nonbank

Ginnie Mae DTI: Bank vs. Nonbank

LTV LTV

DTI DTI

The median LTVs for nonbank and bank originations are comparable, while the median DTI for nonbank loans is higher 

than for bank loans, indicating that nonbanks are more accommodating in both this and the FICO dimension. Since 

early 2017, there has been a substantial increase in DTIs, which has partially reversed in the past few months. This is 

true for both Ginnie Mae and the GSEs, for banks and nonbanks. As interest rates increased, DTIs rose, because 

borrower payments were driven up relative to incomes. With the fall in interest rates in 2019, DTIs decreased slightly.

35
650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

FICO scores

Ginnie Mae VA FICO Scores: Bank 

vs. Nonbank

VA All Median FICO VA Bank Median FICO

VA Nonbank Median FICO

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originators: 

Credit Box

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing 

and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development.Data as of May 2019.

The FICO scores for both Ginnie Mae nonbank and bank originators increased slightly in May 2019. The spread 

in the FICO scores between banks and nonbanks has increased since 2013, but narrowed in 2019 as bank 

FICOs have fallen.The gap between banks and non-banks is very apparent in all programs backing Ginnie Mae 

securities: FHA, VA, and Other.

650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

FICO score

Ginnie Mae FICO Scores: 

Bank vs. Nonbank

All Median FICO Bank Median FICO

Nonbank Median FICO

650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Ginnie Mae FHA FICO Scores: 

Bank vs. Nonbank

FHA All Median FICO FHA Bank Median FICO

FHA Nonbank Median FICO

650

660

670

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Ginnie Mae Other FICO Scores: 

Bank vs. Nonbank

Other All Median FICO Other Bank Median FICO

Other Nonbank Median FICO

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note: Data as of May 2019. Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note: Data as of May 2019.

36
90

92

94

96

98

100

102

104

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Loan-to-value ratio

Ginnie Mae VA LTV: Bank vs. 

Nonbank

VA All Median LTV VA Bank Median LTV

VA Nonbank Median LTV

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originators: 

Credit Box

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing 

and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development.Data as of May 2019.

An analysis of the loans backing Ginnie Mae origination indicates that there are virtually no differences in 

median LTV ratios between bank originated loans and nonbank originated loans. 

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Loan-to-value ratio

Ginnie Mae LTV: 

Bank vs. Nonbank

All Median LTV Bank Median LTV

Nonbank Median LTV

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Ginnie Mae FHA LTV: Bank vs. 

Nonbank

FHA All Median LTV FHA Bank Median LTV

FHA Nonbank Median LTV

90

92

94

96

98

100

102

104

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Ginnie Mae Other LTV: Bank vs. 

Nonbank

Other All Median LTV Other Bank Median LTV

Other Nonbank Median LTV

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note: Data as of May 2019. Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note: Data as of May 2019.

37
34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

FICO scores

Ginnie Mae VA DTI: Bank vs. 

Nonbank

VA All Median DTI VA Bank Median DTI

VA Nonbank Median DTI

Ginnie Mae Nonbank Originators: 

Credit Box

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute

Note: “Other“ refers to loans insured by HUD’s Office of Public and Indian Housing 

and the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development.Data as of May 2019.

An analysis of borrowers’ DTI ratios for bank versus non-bank originators indicates that the former have a 

lower median DTI. The DTIs for FHA and VA loans experienced notable increases since early 2017 for both 

bank and nonbank originations, while the Other origination DTIs stayed relatively flat. Rising DTIs are expected 

in a rising rate environment. However, after peaking in January 2019, Ginnie DTIs have trended downward, as 

rates have declined. 

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

FICO score

Ginnie Mae DTI: 

Bank vs. Nonbank

All Median DTI Bank Median DTI

Nonbank Median DTI

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Ginnie Mae FHA DTI: Bank vs. 

Nonbank

FHA All Median DTI FHA Bank Median DTI

FHA Nonbank Median DTI

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

Ginnie Mae Other DTI: Bank vs. 

Nonbank

Other All Median DTI Other Bank Median DTI

Other Nonbank Median DTI

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note: Data as of May 2019. Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute Note: Data as of May 2019.

38
Holders of Ginnie Mae MSRs

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of May 2019.

Top 30 Holders of Ginnie Mae Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSRs), by UPB

Rank MSR Holder UPB ($ millions) Share Cumulative 

Share

1 Wells Fargo $246,478 14.1% 14.1%

2 PennyMac $188,397 10.8% 24.8%

3 Lakeview $188,013 10.7% 35.6%

4 Freedom Home Mortgage $120,404 6.9% 42.5%

5 Nationstar $97,885 5.6% 48.0%

6 Quicken Loans $66,877 3.8% 51.9%

7 US Bank $60,725 3.5% 55.3%

8 JPMorgan Chase $54,406 3.1% 58.4%

9 Carrington Home Mortgage $43,386 2.5% 60.9%

10 USAA Federal Savings Bank $38,246 2.2% 63.1%

11 Caliber Home Loans $37,036 2.1% 65.2%

12 Newrez $27,818 1.6% 66.8%

13 Navy Federal Credit Union $25,560 1.5% 68.3%

14 Amerihome Mortgage $23,300 1.3% 69.6%

15 Midfirst Bank $23,197 1.3% 70.9%

16 The Money Source $22,262 1.3% 72.2%

17 M&T Bank $20,979 1.2% 73.4%

18 Suntrust $19,109 1.1% 74.5%

19 Ditech Financial $17,635 1.0% 75.5%

20 Home Point Financial $17,510 1.0% 76.5%

21 Roundpoint $17,154 1.0% 77.5%

22 Branch Banking and Trust $16,211 0.9% 78.4%

23 Guild Mortgage $16,129 0.9% 79.3%

24 Ocwen $15,034 0.9% 80.2%

25 Loan Depot $14,663 0.8% 81.0%

26 Flagstar Bank $14,514 0.8% 81.8%

27 Pingora $14,437 0.8% 82.7%

28 Citizens Bank $12,396 0.7% 83.4%

29 Bank of America $12,077 0.7% 84.1%

30 PNC $10,907 0.6% 84.7%

This table shows 30 largest owners of mortgage servicing rights (MSR) by UPB for Ginnie Mae securitizations. As 

of May 2019, over half (51.9 percent) of the Ginnie Mae MSRs are owned by the top six firms. The top 30 firms 

collectively own 84.7 percent. Eighteen of these 30 are non-depositories, the remaining 12 are depository 

institutions. 

39
65.4%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

May-19

Share of outstanding loans by UPB

The composition of the largest owners of Ginnie Mae MSR has evolved quite a bit over time. In November 2013, 

Wells Fargo and JP Morgan Chase were the two largest owners of Ginnie Mae MSRs, holding $375 billion and 

$139 billion in servicing UPB respectively. Although Wells Fargo is still the largest player, its portfolio has shrunk 

to $246 billion. PennyMac, Lakeview, Freedom Home Mortgage, and Nationstar (all nonbanks) make up the 

remainder of the top five largest holders of MSRs, owning $188 billion, $188 billion, $120 billion, and $98 billion 

respectively as of May 2019. PennyMac surpassed Lakeview to become the second largest holder of Ginnie Mae 

MSRs. As of May 2019, nonbanks collectively owned servicing rights for 65.4 percent of all outstanding unpaid 

principal balance guaranteed by Ginnie Mae. In December 2013, the nonbank share was much smaller at 27.7 

percent. 

Holders of Ginnie Mae MSRs

Sources: eMBS and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of May 2019.

Share of Ginnie Mae MSRs held by Nonbanks

Top 5 MSR Holders: Outstanding Ginnie Mae Loans by UPB

$246,478

$188,013

$188,397

$120,404

$97,885

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

$300,000

$350,000

$400,000

$450,000

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

May-19

1. Wells Fargo 2. PennyMac

3. Lakeview 4. Freedom Home Mortgage

UPB ($ millions) 5. Nationstar

40
Prepayments

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Dec-11 Jun-12 Dec-12 Jun-13 Dec-13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15 Jun-16 Dec-16 Jun-17 Dec-17 Jun-18 Dec-18 Jun-19

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2011 Issued 4.0 Coupon CPR

Fannie 2011 4.0 Coupon CPR Freddie 2011 4.0 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2011 4.0 Coupon CPR

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Prepayments on Ginnie Mae securities were lower than on GSE securities from 2011 through early-2013, but 

have been higher since. These increased Ginnie speeds reflect the growing share of VA loans, which tend to 

prepay faster than either FHA or GSE loans. In addition, FHA puts fewer restrictions on streamlined refinances, 

and unlike GSE streamline refinances, requires no credit report and no appraisal. Some of the upfront mortgage 

insurance premium can also be applied to the refinanced loan. 

With the increase in interest rates since November 2016, the prepayment speeds for all agencies have slowed 

down considerably. From late 2016 to late 2018, with the bulk of the mortgage universe finding it noneconomical to refinance, the small month to month variation in speeds reflected seasonality, changes in day 

count and changes in rates. With the drop in rates beginning in late 2018, we have seen some pick up in 

prepayment activity in recent months; we expect more as borrowers realize and act on the opportunity to 

refinance at attractive rates.

14%

11%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Jun -11 Dec-11 Jun -12 Dec-12 Jun -13 Dec- 13 Jun -14 Dec-14 Jun -15 Dec-15 Jun -16 Dec-16 Jun -17 Dec-17 Jun -18 Dec- 18 Jun -19

Constant prepayment rate (%)

Aggregate Prepayments

Fannie CPR Freddie CPR Ginnie I CPR Ginnie II CPR

18%

13%

41
Prepayments

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Jun-15 Oct-15 Feb-16 Jun-16 Oct-16 Feb-17 Jun-17 Oct-17 Feb-18 Jun-18 Oct-18 Feb-19 Jun-19

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2015 Issued 3.5 Coupon CPR

Fannie 2015 3.5 Coupon CPR Freddie 2015 3.5 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2015 3.5 Coupon CPR

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2016 Issued 3.0 Coupon CPR

Fannie 2016 3.0 Coupon CPR Freddie 2016 3.0 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2016 3.0 Coupon CPR

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

The 2015 Ginnie II 3.5s and the 2016 Ginnie II 3.0s, the largest coupon cohorts of those vintage years, have 

prepaid consistently faster than their conventional counterparts. 2015 and 2016 originations are more heavily 

VA loans than the 2011 origination shown on the preceding page. VA loans prepay faster than either FHA or GSE 

loans. The FHA streamlined programs are likely another contributor to the faster speeds.

After a sharp mortgage rate increase in November 2016, the prepayment speeds of Ginnie Mae and 

conventional loans both fell dramatically. From late 2016 to late 2018, with the bulk of the mortgage universe 

finding it non-economic to refinance, the muted month to month variations in speeds reflected seasonality, 

changes in day count and changes in mortgage interest rates. With the drop in rates beginning in late 2018, we 

have seen some pick up in prepayment activity in recent months; we expect more as borrowers realize and act on 

the opportunity to refinance at attractive rates.

16%

11%

18%

14%

13%

42
Prepayments

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Feb-18 Apr-18 Jun-18 Aug-18 Oct-18 Dec-18 Feb-19 Apr-19 Jun-19

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2018 Issued 4.0 Coupon CPR

Fannie 2018 4.0 Coupon CPR Freddie 2018 4.0 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2018 4.0 Coupon CPR

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2017 Issued 3.5 Coupon CPR

Fannie 2017 3.5 Coupon CPR Freddie 2017 3.5 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2017 3.5 Coupon CPR

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Ginnie Mae securities season more slowly than their conventional counterparts; they generally have lower 

prepayments in the early months. The charts below show the behavior of the 2017-issued 3.5s and the 2018-

issued 4.0s, the largest coupon cohorts of those vintage years. Despite slower seasoning, 2017 Ginnie II 3.5s 

have been prepaying faster than their conventional counterparts since late 2017, due primarily to fast VA 

prepayment speeds. In comparison, the 2018 Ginnie II 4.0s prepaid more slowly than their conventional 

counterparts until January of 2019. In 2019, speeds of all 2018 4.0s have accelerated, and Ginnie II speeds 

have accelerated more than their conventional counterparts.

16%

11%

27% 

18%

17%

43
Prepayments

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2017 Issued 4.0 Coupon CPR, by Loan Age

Fannie 2017 4.0 Coupon CPR Freddie 2017 4.0 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2017 4.0 Coupon CPR

Loan age

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Credit Suisse and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

The charts below show the prepayment speeds by loan age for 2017 Ginnie II 4.0s and 2018 Ginnie II 4.5s—the 

cohorts 50 basis points above the largest coupon cohort for those years. Prepayment speeds on the 2017 

Ginnie II 4.0s jumped up sharply at the 7-9 month loan age, reflecting abuse of the VA Streamlined Refi 

program (IRRRL). The 2018 Ginnie II 4.5s do not show increased speeds until the 9-10 month point; reflecting 

both the effect of lower rates and the actions taken by both Ginnie Mae and the VA in H1 2018 to curb this 

abuse. Ginnie Mae actions have included suspending a few servicers whose VA prepayment speeds are 

especially high from selling VA loans into Ginnie Mae II securities, as well as rewriting the pooling 

requirements so that if loans that do not meet the seasoning requirement are refinanced, the new loan is 

ineligible for securitization. In addition, VA has implemented a net tangible benefit test, requiring the lender to 

show the borrower has obtained a benefit from the refinance. Even so, the recent experience of the 2018 

Ginnie II 4.5s indicates they are much more responsive to interest rate changes than conventional mortgages.

20.7%

15.0%

14.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Constant Prepayment Rate (%)

2018 Issued 4.5 Coupon CPR, by Loan Age

Fannie 2018 4.5 Coupon CPR Freddie 2018 4.5 Coupon CPR Ginnie II 2018 4.5 Coupon CPR

Loan age

38.1%

18.3%

13.4%

44
Reverse Mortgage Volumes

$0.86

$0.0

$0.2

$0.4

$0.6

$0.8

$1.0

$1.2

$1.4

$1.6

Mar-19

May-19

Sep-11

Nov-11

Jan-12

Mar-12

May-12

Jul-12

Sep-12

Nov-12

Jan-13

Mar-13

May-13

Jul-13

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

$ Billions

HMBS Issuance Volume

$54.4

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

Mar-19

May-19

Nov-11

Jan-12

Mar-12

May-12

Jul-12

Sep-12

Nov-12

Jan-13

Mar-13

May-13

Jul-13

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

$ Billions

HMBS Outstanding 

Other Ginnie Mae Programs

Sources: Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage issuance has been volatile in recent months; the May 2019 volume increased to 

$0.86 billion. Issuance has been declining since early 2018 largely due to the implementation of the new, lower 

principal limit factors. In May 2019, outstanding reverse mortgage securities totaled $54.4 billion, lower 

compared to recent past, reflecting a lower volume of new issuances. 

45
Multifamily Market

$1.1

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

$3.5

$4.0

Mar-19

May-19

Nov-11

Jan-12

Mar-12

May-12

Jul-12

Sep-12

Nov-12

Jan-13

Mar-13

May-13

Jul-13

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

$ Billions

Ginnie Mae Multifamily MBS Issuance

$120.9

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

Mar-19

May-19

Nov-11

Jan-12

Mar-12

May-12

Jul-12

Sep-12

Nov-12

Jan-13

Mar-13

May-13

Jul-13

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

$ Billions

Ginnie Mae Multifamily MBS Outstanding 

Other Ginnie Mae Programs

Sources: Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: Ginnie Mae and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

Ginnie Mae multifamily issuance volume in May 2019 totaled $1.1 billion, below average issuance levels over the 

past 18 months, but an increase from last month. Outstanding multifamily securities totaled $120.9 billion in 

May.

46
Market Conditions

Sources: SIFMA and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

$250 

$588 

$37 

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018

$ Billions

Average Daily Fixed Income Trading Volume by Sector

SF Agency MBS trading vol ($B) Treasury trading volume ($B) Corporates trading volume ($B)

3.75%

3.73%

0.40% 0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018

Percent

Average Daily Turnover by Sector 

Agency MBS Turnover Treasury Turnover Corporates Turnover

Agency MBS trading volume was $250 billion/day on average 2019 YTD, more robust than in the 2014-2018 

period, but well below the pre-crisis peak of $345 billion in 2008. In contrast, average daily trading volume for 

Treasuries now exceeds the pre-crisis peak. Agency MBS turnover in 2019 YTD also has been slightly higher 

than the 2014-2018 period; in the first four months of 2019, average daily MBS turnover was 3.75 percent, 

above the 2018 average of 3.39 percent. Both average daily mortgage and Treasury turnover are down from 

their pre-crisis peaks. Corporate turnover is miniscule relative to either Agency MBS or Treasury turnover. 

Sources: SIFMA and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

47
Market Conditions

$236.1

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

$ Billions

Repo Volume: Securities In

$80.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

$ Billions

Dealer Net Positions: Federal Agency and GSE MBS

Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of New York Primary Dealer Statistics and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of New York Primary Dealer Statistics and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

Dealer net positions are near their post-crisis highs. By contrast, dealer gross positions have fallen 

dramatically. The volume of repurchase activity is up from the near 13-year low in 2017. The large decline 

through time reflects banks cutting back on lower margin businesses. 

48
MBS Ownership

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q1 2012Q1 2013Q1 2014Q1 2015Q1 2016Q1 2017 Q1 2018 Q1 2019 Q1

GSEs

Commercial Banks

Federal Reserve

Broker/Dealers

REITs

Other

Who owns Total Agency Debt?

Mutual Funds

Money Market and Pension Funds

Sources: Federal Reserve Flow of Funds and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2019.

Credit Unions

Foreign Investors

The largest holders of agency debt (Agency MBS + Agency notes and bonds) include the Federal Reserve (18 

percent), commercial banks (20 percent) and foreign investors (12 percent). The broker/dealer and GSE shares 

are a fraction of what they once were. 

Share of Total Agency Debt by Owner

49
MBS Ownership

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Sources: Federal Reserve Flow of Funds and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2019.

72.9%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q1 2012Q1 2013Q1 2014Q1 2015Q1 2016Q1 2017 Q1 2018 Q1 2019 Q1

Percent of MBS over Outstanding Agency Debt

MBS Share of Total Agency Debt

Sources: Federal Reserve Bank and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of June 2019.

As Fannie and Freddie reduce the size of their retained portfolio, fewer agency notes and bonds are required to 

fund that activity, hence the MBS share of total agency debt increases. As of Q1 2019, the MBS share of total 

agency debt stood at 72.9 percent. Commercial banks are now the largest holders of Agency MBS. Out of their 

nearly $2.0 trillion in holdings as of the end of May 2019, $1.5 trillion was held by the top 25 domestic banks.

CommercialBank Holdings ($Billions) Week Ending

May-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-19 Jun 5 Jun 12 Jun 19 Jun 26

Largest Domestic 

Banks 1,291.7 1,332.4 1,359.5 1,388.3 1,399.2 1,411.9 1,431.5 1,433.6 1,442.1 1,442.8 1,465.7 1,465.2

Small Domestic 

Banks 481.3 481.7 484.5 491.5 492.0 494.8 498.8 499.3 503.5 504.1 505.8 507.9

Foreign Related 

Banks 30.2 25.3 27.4 25.9 25.8 26.3 25.4 28.9 29.6 29.4 25.8 28.9

Total, 

Seasonally

Adjusted 1,803.2 1,839.4 1,871.4 1,905.7 1,917.0 1,933.0 1,955.7 1,961.8 1,975.2 1,976.3 1,997.3 2,002.0

50
MBS Ownership

Debt,

household 

mortgages,

$9,833

Top Bank & Thrift Residential MBS Investors Total ($MM) GSE PT ($MM)

GNMA PT 

($MM)

Agency REMIC 

($MM)

Non-Agency 

($MM)

Market 

Share

1 Bank of America Corporation $309,006 $185,044 $112,425 $11,429 $108 16.7%

2 Wells Fargo & Company $236,916 $166,022 $65,826 $3,612 $1,456 12.8%

3 JP Morgan Chase & Co. $100,099 $64,579 $25,134 $273 $10,113 5.4%

4 U S. Bancorp. $82,516 $39,490 $18,179 $24,847 $1 4.5%

5 Charles Schwab Bank $77,668 $46,991 $12,097 $18,580 $0 4.2%

6 Capital One Financial Corporation $67,175 $29,135 $14,641 $22,477 $922 3.6%

7 Citigroup Inc. $66,897 $52,945 $4,265 $7,244 $2,443 3.6%

8 Bank of New York Mellon Corp. $52,218 $30,982 $2,363 $17,519 $1,354 2.8%

9 PNC Bank, National Association $47,069 $38,505 $3,661 $2,625 $2,277 2.6%

10 Branch Banking and Trust Company $41,642 $15,966 $15,964 $7,341 $2,371 2.3%

11 State Street Bank and Trust Company $39,389 $14,416 $5,969 $18,507 $497 2.1%

12 E*TRADE Bank $27,097 $14,395 $7,818 $4,884 $0 1.5%

13 HSBC Banks USA, National Association $25,230 $12,317 $3,594 $9,319 $0 1.4%

14 KeyBank National Association $24,252 $7,164 $7,284 $9,801 $3 1.3%

15 SunTrust Bank $23,284 $1,741 $871 $20,673 $0 1.3%

16 Morgan Stanley $23,147 $11,736 $11,180 $231 $1 1.3%

17 Ally Bank $21,913 $12,930 $3,085 $3,144 $2,754 1.2%

18 The Northern Trust Company $21,769 $10,481 $6,101 $4,258 $930 1.2%

19 MUFG Union Bank $18,268 $11,383 $4,215 $2,668 $2 1.0%

20 Regions Bank $17,685 $5,367 $3,836 $7,549 $932 1.0%

Total Top 20 $1,323,241 $771,588 $328,509 $196,980 $26,164 71.8%

Sources: Inside Mortgage Finance and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of Q1 2019.

Out of the $1.8 trillion in MBS holdings at banks and thrifts as of Q1 2019, $1.4 trillion was agency pass-throughs: 

$1.0 trillion in GSE pass-throughs and $383.5 billion in Ginnie Mae pass-throughs. Another $422.2 billion was 

agency CMOs, while non-agency holdings totaled $37.7 billion. MBS holdings at banks and thrifts increased for the 

second quarter in a row in Q1 2019. This increase was broad based, coming from Ginnie Mae and GSE pass -

throughs, agency CMOs as well as non-agency holdings. 

All Banks & Thrifts ($Billions)

Total Agency MBS PT GSE PT GNMA PT Agency CMO Private MBS PT Private CMO

2000 $683.90 $392.85 $234.01 $84.26 $198.04 $21.57 $71.43 

2001 $810.50 $459.78 $270.59 $109.53 $236.91 $37.62 $76.18 

2002 $912.36 $557.43 $376.11 $101.46 $244.98 $20.08 $89.88 

2003 $982.08 $619.02 $461.72 $75.11 $236.81 $19.40 $106.86 

2004 $1,113.89 $724.61 $572.40 $49.33 $208.18 $20.55 $160.55 

2005 $1,139.68 $708.64 $566.81 $35.92 $190.70 $29.09 $211.25 

2006 $1,207.09 $742.28 $628.52 $31.13 $179.21 $42.32 $243.28 

2007 $1,236.00 $678.24 $559.75 $31.58 $174.27 $26.26 $357.24 

2008 $1,299.76 $820.12 $638.78 $100.36 $207.66 $12.93 $259.04 

2009 $1,345.74 $854.40 $629.19 $155.00 $271.17 $7.53 $212.64 

2010 $1,433.38 $847.13 $600.80 $163.13 $397.30 $7.34 $181.61 

2011 $1,566.88 $917.10 $627.37 $214.81 $478.82 $3.28 $167.70 

2012 $1,578.86 $953.76 $707.87 $242.54 $469.27 $17.16 $138.67 

2013 $1,506.60 $933.73 $705.97 $231.93 $432.60 $26.11 $114.15 

2014 $1,539.32 $964.16 $733.71 $230.45 $449.90 $20.33 $104.94 

2015 $1,643.56 $1,115.40 $823.10 $292.30 $445.39 $11.14 $71.63 

1Q16 $1,660.58 $1,133.29 $833.25 $300.04 $448.63 $10.27 $68.39 

2Q 16 $1,684.33 $1,169.67 $867.64 $302.03 $440.25 $9.11 $65.29 

3Q16 $1,732.36 $1,227.52 $924.81 $302.71 $435.77 $7.90 $61.17 

4Q16 $1,736.93 $1,254.13 $930.67 $323.46 $419.80 $7.40 $55.60

1Q17 $1,762.38 $1,280.63 $950.72 $329.91 $419.34 $7.03 $55.39 

2Q17 $1,798.66 $1,320.59 $985.12 $335.47 $417.89 $6.38 $53.79 

3Q17 $1,838.93 $1,364.75 $1,012.89 $351.86 $418.08 $5.65 $50.45

4Q17 $1,844.15 $1,378.53 $1,010.83 $367.70 $413.97 $4.63 $47.01 

1Q18 $1,809.98 $1,352.28 $991.57 $360.71 $412.37 $3.92 $41.37

2Q18 $1,806.58 $1,345.80 $976.92 $368.88 $414.41 $7.45 $38.92

3Q18 $1,794.39 $1,339.72 $966.52 $373.21 $416.20 $2.42 $36.04 

4Q18 $1,814.97 $1,361.00 $980.56 $380.43 $419.59 $2.69 $34.69 

1Q19 $1,844.99 $1,385.10 $1,001.61 $383.49 $422.18 $3.06 $34.65 

Bank and Thrift Residential MBS Holdings

51
Sources: SIFMA and Treasury International Capital (TIC). Note: Data as of Q1 2019.

15.4%

10.0%

11.0%

12.0%

13.0%

14.0%

15.0%

16.0%

Q1 2012Q2 2012Q3 2012Q4 2012Q1 2013Q2 2013Q3 2013Q4 2013Q1 2014Q2 2014Q3 2014Q4 2014Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4 2015Q1 2016Q2 2016Q3 2016Q4 2016Q1 2017Q2 2017Q3 2017Q4 2017Q1 2018Q2 2018Q3 2018Q4 2018Q1 2019

Percent of Agency MBS Owned by Foreigners

Foreign Share of Agency MBS

MBS Ownership

$102.5

$415.1

$610.7

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Mar-13

May-13

Jul-13

Sep-13

Nov-13

Jan-14

Mar-14

May-14

Jul-14

Sep-14

Nov-14

Jan-15

Mar-15

May-15

Jul-15

Sep-15

Nov-15

Jan-16

Mar-16

May-16

Jul-16

Sep-16

Nov-16

Jan-17

Mar-17

May-17

Jul-17

Sep-17

Nov-17

Jan-18

Mar-18

May-18

Jul-18

Sep-18

Nov-18

Jan-19

Mar-19

$ Billions

Monthly Agency MBS Holdings by Foreigners

Total Agency MBS Held by Foreigners Foreign Official MBS Foreign Private MBS

Sources: Treasury International Capital (TIC) and Urban Institute. Note: Data as of March 2019. In December 2017, there was a data 

correction that moved about $120 billion from privately held U.S. agency bonds to officially held U.S. agency bonds; this resulted in a series 

break at December 2017 in the split between the portion held by foreign private and the portion held by foreign official.

Foreign investors held 15.4 percent of agency MBS in Q1 2019, up from a low of 11.8 percent in Q1 2014. For 

the month of March 2019, this represents $102.5 billion in Agency MBS; $415.1 billion held by foreign private 

institutions and $610.7 billion held by foreign official investors. 

52
MBS Ownership

Agency MBS+ Agency Debt

Agency MBS Only (Estimates)

Sources :Treasury International Capital (TIC) and Urban Institute. 

Note: *calculated based on June 2018 report with amount asset backed per country. Revised to include Top 10 holders of MBS listed as of June 

2018. Monthly data as of March 2019.

The largest foreign holders of Agency MBS are Japan, Taiwan, and China; these three comprise over 70 percent 

of all foreign holdings. Between June 2018 and March 2019, we estimate China has increased their agency MBS 

holdings by $27.4 billion, Taiwan has increased their holdings by $16.0 billion, and Japan has increased their 

holdings by $26.4 billion.

Level of Holdings ($Millions)* Change in Holdings ($Millions)*

Country Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019

Japan 257,547 254,511 262,771 284,323 -3,036 8,260 21,552

Taiwan 250,009 250,639 261,231 265,992 630 10,592 4,761

China 180,635 190,203 188,921 208,540 9,568 -1,282 19,619

Ireland 46,817 48,220 48,045 46,623 1,403 -175 -1,422

Luxembourg 36,372 38,800 50,079 44,561 2,428 11,279 -5,518

South Korea 44,039 43,944 44,735 42,604 -95 791 -2,131

Bermuda 27,866 27,610 27,721 29,104 -256 111 1,383

Cayman Islands 31,017 31,638 31,379 30,375 621 -259 -1,004

Malaysia 12,710 12,874 12,671 12,395 164 -203 -276

Netherlands 11,995 12,229 9,618 9,400 234 -2,611 -218

Rest of World 125,197 128,807 130,345 129,998 3,610 1,538 -347

Total 1,024,200 1,039,475 1,067,516 1,103,915 15,275 28,041 36,399

Level of Holdings ($Millions)* Change in Holdings ($Millions)*

Country Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019

Japan 253,972 250,851 258,909 280,366 -3,121 8,058 21,457

Taiwan 249,773 250,397 260,976 265,731 624 10,579 4,755

China 176,345 185,811 184,287 203,791 9,466 -1,524 19,504

Ireland 37,832 39,021 38,339 36,677 1,189 -682 -1,662

Luxembourg 34,012 36,384 47,530 41,949 2,372 11,146 -5,581

South Korea 33,064 32,708 32,879 30,455 -356 171 -2,424

Bermuda 24,969 24,644 24,592 25,897 -325 -53 1,306

Cayman Islands 24,384 24,847 24,214 23,033 463 -634 -1,181

Malaysia 12,319 12,474 12,249 11,962 155 -225 -286

Netherlands 11,437 11,658 9,015 8,782 221 -2,643 -233

Rest of World 95,510 98,414 98,276 97,137 2,904 -138 -1,139

Total 953,612 967,209 991,264 1,025,779 13,597 24,055 34,515

53
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Sep-08

Jan-09

May-09

Sep-09

Jan-10

May-10

Sep-10

Jan-11

May-11

Sep-11

Jan-12

May-12

Sep-12

Jan-13

May-13

Sep-13

Jan-14

May-14

Sep-14

Jan-15

May-15

Sep-15

Jan-16

May-16

Sep-16

Jan-17

May-17

Sep-17

Jan-18

May-18

Sep-18

Jan-19

May-19

$ Billions

Total Fed Absorption

Total Fed Purchases Gross Issuance

MBS Ownership

0

50

100

150

200

250

May-11

Nov-11

May-12

Nov-12

May-13

Nov-13

May-14

Nov-14

May-15

Nov-15

May-16

Nov-16

May-17

Nov-17

May-18

Nov-18

May-19

$ Billions

Fed Absorption of GSE MBS

Gross Issuance Total Fed Purchases

Sources: eMBS, Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Urban Institute. Note:Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS, Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Urban 

Institute. Note: Data as of May 2019.

Sources: eMBS, Federal Reserve Bank of New York and Urban Institute. 

Note: Data as of May 2019.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

May-11

Nov-11

May-12

Nov-12

May-13

Nov-13

May-14

Nov-14

May-15

Nov-15

May-16

Nov-16

May-17

Nov-17

May-18

Nov-18

May-19

$ Billions

Fed Absorption of Ginnie Mae MBS

Total Fed Purchases Gross Issuance

The Federal Reserve is actively winding down its mortgage portfolio; MBS purchases are minimal. During the 

period October 2014-September 2017, the Fed ended its purchase program, but was reinvesting proceeds from 

mortgage and agency debt into the mortgage market, absorbing 20-30 percent of agency gross issuance. In 

October 2017, the Fed began to taper their mortgage holdings, initially letting securities run off at the rate of $4 

billion per month in Q4, 2017; $8 billion per month in Q1, 2018; $12 billion per month in Q2; $16 billion per 

month in Q3; and $20 billion per month in Q4, 2018 and thereafter. With the Fed now at its maximum taper, Fed 

absorption of gross issuance is 0.23 percent. 

54
All the information contained in this document is as of date Indicated unless otherwise noted. The

information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. All

information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed.

The views expressed in this material are the views of the staff of the Urban Institute's Housing Finance 

Policy Center and State Street Global Advisors as of July 29th,2019 and are subject to change based

on market and other conditions. The views should not be attributed to the Urban Institute, its trustees, 

or its funders. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward‐looking

statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and

actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.   

© 2019 State Street Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Tracking Code: 2647802.2.1.GBL.INST

Expiration Date: 07/31/2020

Disclosures