Logistics and considera

of installation and opera

AWTS

Alaska Cruise ship waste waAlaska Cruise ship waste wa

science advisory panel

O t b 2010 O

c

t

o

ber 2010

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Expected outcome 

contents

• How to compare information to evalua

feasibility and make recommendation

• Contents:

– Marine waste water treatment industry

• Some History• Other Environmental rules affecting AWP’s

– Retrofit AWP project

• Sizing the process + Cruise ship waste water sources & qualities• Process space reservation and components• Installation• O ti pera on

– New Alaska rules

• How to move forward ? 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Why do people take 

Cruise ?

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Some AWP history...

90’s

•

All ships were built to meet USCG 

IMO Mar

pol

Annex IV standards

– Black water treated in biological or physical/chemical M– Limited holding capacities and extended holding lead q

conditions

– Grey water normally directly overboard

• Marine industry industry had no knowledg

knowledg

what was going in and what was 

out of the out of the MSD’s

– ”No mechanical alarm” meant MSD was working prope

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Years 2000 - 200

• Cruise operators operators started started quickly quickly to 

new Alaska rules

– C i ru se operators sel td ec e a AWP supplier with t ou any w

knowledge and AWP suppliers sold systems without ship 

• HAL => Zenon• NCL => Scanship• CCL => Rochem, Pall, Hamworthy• RCCL => Hydroxyl, Zenon• Disney => MEP

• Lots of operational issues

– Sizing data was badly underestimated– Pumps and components not made for shipboard use

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

– Crews were not educated to operate the systems and su
2005-2010

• Companies Companies (operators/s ppliers operators/suppliers) l

– delays on installations– operational operational issues had to be corrected corrected– fierce competition on only few orders

• Scanship, Hydroxyl, MEP, Navalis => Chapter 11• Pall, Zenon/GE, Rochem => out or not active anymo

• Operator knowledge improved and 

AWP’s are now in ”acceptable con

- Only few treating 100% all streams 24/7 

• Various treatment experiences led 

internal policies among the Cruise 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

internal policies among the Cruise 
AWP situation tod

• Cr ise u companies companies still dream on si

small, no cost, on/off systems, but:

– Have accepted that AWP’s are what 

and that the systems need some ”lov

– Admit that the ”wet side” is now unde

meet current Alaska standards

– Issues mainly on:

• Pre-screens screens, smell, sludge management & management & operationa

operationa

• Future rules and decisions what really to treat !

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Other future environment

affecting the AWP 

• Ballast wate

r treatment

– Capacity on Cruise ship 150-300m3/h– Seldomly used...Do we really need this?– 5-10m2 s

pace, cost 250-350 TUSD/each +

– Currently shared treated waste water hold

Ballast tanks on older Cruise ships !!

• SECA SOx exhaust gas issues / M

– Dual fuel need tankage space.

– Is Scrubber allowed at ports and what to d

scrubber waste water streams and sludge

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

scrubber waste water streams and sludge
IMO MEPC 61/7 IMO MEPC 61/7 Balt

• N i utr ent removal for sewage

– The nutrient concentrations of the samples of effl

dilution should be:

• total nitrogen < 20 mg/l or at least 70% reduction• total phosphorus < 1.0 mg/l or at least 80% reduction

• Related to the proposed nutrient standards it is prop

Related to the proposed nutrient standards, it is prop

term "influent" should be defined as follows: "Influent 

flow into the sewage treatment process". The reason additi i th t lth h i fl t t i i t 

ddition is th

a

t, althoug

h influen

t con

t

aining grey wa

t

sewage is not considered dilution.

• The Government of each Part

y to the Convention und

ensure that within a special area reception facilities in ports and terminals are provided for the reception of 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Waste water treatm

process

Wastewater treatment means removal of contaminants by various separprocesses to produce clean water

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Design of a waste tre

process

1. Knowledge of influent / effluent p• Flow 

p p arameters and 

patterns => Peak flow control

• Variation of concetrations => Organic peak flow con• Process risks, e.g. toxic substances• Effluent limits2 H d li d i f th 2. 

H

y

draulic 

design o

f the process:

• Equalizing/holding/redundancy expectations• H d li R i Ti (HRT) f h H

y

draulic 

Retention Time (HRT) o

f t

he process

• Design flux for membranes/DAF/UV etc. various proc

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Design of a waste tre

process

3. Organic design of the process:• Prefiltration rate• Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS), Sludge Loa• Sludge age etc. various sizing parameters according 4. Supporting processes• Sludge management

– Holding, dewatering, drying and/or incenerating

• Effluent holding and discharge Effluent holding and discharge

– Discharge time and UV disinfection demand 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Waste water sour

Questions raisedon a retrofit project:•How are the waterstreams collected?•Transfer pump controls?•Who controls the interfaces?•Are the streams mixedor on separate tanks?How much hydraulic and organic peaks are expected => How do we handle those in the AWP

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Full sea day versus 

empty 10 port da

Sewage treatment plant load calculator  ‐ Cruise ship Sewage treatment plant load calculator  ‐ Cruise s

Number of crew 1000Number of passangers 2300Treated wastewater characteristics

Y/N l/p/d gBOD/d mg/l

Black water vacuum 1 20 45 2250

l k

Number of crew 1000Number of passangers 2000Treated wastewater characteristics

Y/N l/p/d gBOD/d 

Black water vacuum 1 20 45 

Black water gravity 0 70 45 0Accommodation graywater 1 150 20 133Galley water 1 50 125 2500Laundry water 1 25 5 200

Pulper/foodwaste water 1 3 90 30000

Ship profile coefficient () calculator factors

Black water gravity 0 70 45 Accommodation graywater 1 150 20 Galley water 1 50 125 Laundry water 1 25 5 

Pulper/foodwaste water 1 3 90 

Ship profile coefficient () calculator factors

No of Crew in cabins 1000No of Passangers in cabins 2300No of Public toilets&urinals 100Route hours/day, passangers 24Operational hours, crew 24

Toilet flushes/person/day 7

Hot meals served to passange 1 (1=YES, 0=NO)

B d h t h d b d 1 (1 YES 0 NO)

No of Crew in cabins 1000No of Passangers in cabins 2000No of Public toilets&urinals 100Route hours/day, passangers 14Operational hours, crew 24

Toilet flushes/person/day 6Hot meals served to passange 1 (1=YES, 0=NO)

Bed sheets washed onboard 1 (1=YES, 0=NO) B d h h d b d 1 (1 YES 0 NO)Corrected wastewater treatment loading

Ship Hydraulic Concentrations

Profile load BOD5 COD TSS BOD5 COD TSS

a m3/day kgO2/day kgO2/day kg/day mg/l mg/l mg/l

Black water vacuum 1,00 66,0 148,5 297,0 104,0

Bed sheets washed onboard 1 (1=YES, 0=NO)Corrected wastewater treatment loading

Ship Hydraulic 

Profile load BOD5 

a m3/day kgO2/day k

Black water vacuum 0,72 43,3 97,5 

Black water gravity 0,00 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

Accommodation graywater 1,00 495,0 66,0 125,4 39,6

Galley water 1,00 165,0 412,5 618,8 247,5

Laundry water 1,00 82,5 16,5 49,5 11,6Pulper/foodwaste water 1,00 9,9 297,0 445,5 207,9

TOTAL 818,40 940,50 1536,15 610,50 1149 1877 746

Black water gravity 0,00 0,0 0,0 

Accommodation graywater 0,72 325,0 43,3 

Galley water 0,72 108,3 270,8 Laundry water 1,00 75,0 15,0 

Pulper/foodwaste water 0,72 6,5 195,0 TOTAL 558,17 621,67 1

32% reduced hydrayulic loading 34% reduced organic lo

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

32% reduced hydrayulic loading, 34% reduced organic lo
All streams or BW+A

Sewage treatment plant load calculator  ‐ Cruise ship Sewage treatment plant load calculator  ‐ Cruise 

Number of crew 1000

Number of passangers 2300

Treated wastewater characteristics

Y/N l/p/d gBOD/d mg/l

Black water vacuum 1 20 45 2250

l k

Number of crew 1000Number of passangers 2300Treated wastewater characteristics

Y/N l/p/d gBOD/d 

Black water vacuum 1 20 45 

Black water gravity 0 70 45 0Accommodation graywater 1 150 20 133Galley water 1 50 125 2500Laundry water 1 25 5 200

Pulper/foodwaste water 1 3 90 30000

Ship profile coefficient () calculator factors

Black water gravity 0 70 45 Accommodation graywater 1 150 20 Galley water 0 50 125 Laundry water 0 25 5 Pulper/foodwaste water 0 3 90 Ship profile coefficient () calculator factors

No of Crew in cabins 1000No of Passangers in cabins 2300No of Public toilets&urinals 100Route hours/day, passangers 24Operational hours, crew 24

Toilet flushes/person/day 7

Hot meals served to passange 1 (1=YES, 0=NO)

B d h t h d b d 1 (1 YES 0 NO)

No of Crew in cabins 1000No of Passangers in cabins 2300No of Public toilets&urinals 100Route hours/day, passangers 24Operational hours, crew 24

Toilet flushes/person/day 7Hot meals served to passange 1 (1=YES, 0=NO)

Bed sheets washed onboard 1 (1=YES, 0=NO)Corrected wastewater treatment loading

Ship Hydraulic Concentrations

Profile load BOD5 COD TSS BOD5 COD TSS

a m3/day kgO2/day kgO2/day kg/day mg/l mg/l mg/l

Black water vacuum 1,00 66,0 148,5 297,0 104,0

Bed sheets washed onboard 1 (1=YES, 0=NO)

Corrected wastewater treatment loading

Ship Hydraulic 

Profile load BOD5 

a m3/day kgO2/day 

Black water vacuum 1,00 66,0 148,5 

Black water gravity 0,00 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

Accommodation graywater 1,00 495,0 66,0 125,4 39,6

Galley water 1,00 165,0 412,5 618,8 247,5

Laundry water 1,00 82,5 16,5 49,5 11,6Pulper/foodwaste water 1,00 9,9 297,0 445,5 207,9

TOTAL 818,40 940,50 1536,15 610,50 1149 1877 746

, , , 

Black water gravity 0,00 0,0 0,0 

Accommodation graywater 1,00 495,0 66,0 

Galley water 0,00 0,0 0,0 Laundry water 0,00 0,0 0,0 Pulper/foodwaste water 0,00 0,0 0,0 TOTAL 561,00 214,50 

32% reduced hydraulic loading 77% reduced organic loa

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

32% reduced hydraulic loading, 77% reduced organic loa
Waste water samp

• Sampling Sampling change from 9am (seas

to 3am (season 2009) by one ope

– Average ammonia on effluent 20-25% down– Despite huge mixing, BW production drop dramat

10pm partial partial cause for improved improved results results

• Influent sampling even more chal

di tl rec y from the pipe

– Multiple samples during whole day– S ttli e ng in t k an s t ka en i t n o consid ti era on (f h res ne

mixing)

– Which waters are going in from where ?

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

g g
AWP process design 

design 

BLACKWATERShip collecting BOD COD SCOD N SS litraa / heTOTAL 95948 139466 15039 10209 97702 S l amp es 47 24 7 20 47 Average 2041 5811 2148 510 2079 EPA measurement 526 1140 545 Cruise line spec 2500 1500 

ACCOMMODATION GRAYShip collecting BOD COD SCOD N SS litraTOTAL 10794 10898 1080 175 6371 Samples 45 25 6 12 45 Average 240 436 180 15 142 Cr ise line Spec Cruise line Spec. 200 100 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
AWP process design 

design 

GALLEY WATERShip collecting BOD COD SCOD N SS litraa / heTOTAL 45617 66530 12585 885 30223Samples 20 20 6 14 22Average 2281 3327 2098 63 1374 

LAUNDRY WATER

Average 2281 3327 2098 63 1374 Cruise line spec. 2500 2500 

Ship collecting BOD COD SCOD N SS litraa TOTAL 6407 8570 1372 113 3415 Samples 42 22 5 12 43 Average 153 390 274 9 79 Cruise line spec. 300 300 

PULPER WATERShip collecting collecting BOD COD SCOD N SS litraa / hen

litraa / hen

TOTAL 980731 519500 29600 669 761512 Samples 28 7 3 3 27 Average 35026 74214 9867 223 28204 Cruise line spec 30000 20000 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

Cruise line spec. 30000 20000 
Simple comparison o

o

• Average untreated concentration

Copper total 

– 2004 average wastewater 677ug/l – 2008 flow weighed av.total gray 510ug/l – 2001 ADEC graywater 483ug/l – 2008 Laundry 278ug/l – 2008 Galley 383ug/l 383ug/l – 2008 Food pulper 208ug/l Bunker source dissolved copper Min. Av. – 2008 Admiralty Bunker 0,22 ~10 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Simple comparison o

o

• Average untreated concentration

Nickel total 

– 2004 average wastewater 34ug/l – 2008 flow weighed av.total gray 29.7ug/l – 2001 ADEC graywater 48.7ug/l – 2008 Laundry 6.19ug/l – 2008 Galley 29 2ug/l 29.2ug/l – 2008 Food pulper 22.4ug/l Bunker source dissolved nickel Min. Av. – 2008 Admiralty Bunker 0,1 ~1.5 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Simple comparison o

o

• Average untreated concentration

Zinc total 

– 2004 average wastewater 3130ug/l – 2008 flow weighed av.total gray 2540ug/l – 2001 ADEC graywater 790ug/l – 2008 Laundry 345ug/l – 2008 Galley 1460ug/l 1460ug/l – 2008 Food pulper 6380ug/l Bunker source dissolved zinc Min. Av. – 2008 Admiralty Bunker 1 ~50 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Simple comparison o

o

• Concentrations (2008 EPA totals, 25 

Copper Nickel 

– Av.influent 519ug/l 22,4ug/l – AWP biomass 10800ug/l 245ug/l – Screened solids 22700ug/l 537ug/l – Effluent 16,6ug/l 13,6ug/l 

– Reduction 96-98% 0-48% 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Simple comparison o

o

• Despite peak concentrations of b

water on all three metals go beyoaverage concentration met on the the estimated average concentrashows that ships contrinute a lot 

• The data collected by Alaska and 

proove that current AWP’s removof metals, but not all !!

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Ammonia and meta

EPA 2008 repo

HAL Veendam (Zenon) HAL Veendam (Zenon) 

Limit Laundry Acc. Pulper 

Ammonia mg/l 2,9 0,36 1 29 Copper (TOT) ug/l 3,1 258 975 400 Copper (dissolved) ug/l 182 90 17,5 Nickel (TOT) ug/l 8,2 10,7 29,4 41,6 Nickel (dissolved) ug/l 7,3 19,6 38,6 Zinc (TOT) ug/l 81 303 1500 4210 

In the futuremetals have to bespecified also: Zinc (dissolved) ug/l 178 635 3780 

Norwegian Star (Scanship, no pulper) 

Limit Laundry Acc. Pulper 

Ammonia mg/l 2,9 Copper (TOT) ug/l 3,1 495 167 312 Copper (dissolved) ug/l 553 89,1 23,9 Nickel (TOT) ug/l 8 2 3 11 8 37 27 9 

specified also:•Sources of pollution not totally known•Suppliers do not know Nickel (TOT) ug/l 8,2 3,11 8,37 27,9 

Nickel (dissolved) ug/l 2,94 8,11 28,2 Zinc (TOT) ug/l 81 455 323 987 Zinc (dissolved) ug/l 464 218 634 Island Princess (Hamworthy, BW- AccGW treated) 

Limit Laundry Acc. Pulper 

Ammonia mg/l 2,9 1,29 0,43 35 

•Suppliers do not know the reductions on theirprocesses

Copper (TOT) ug/l 3,1 325 580 118 Copper (dissolved) ug/l 242 462 4,4 Nickel (TOT) ug/l 8,2 7,86 12,4 19,7 Nickel (dissolved) ug/l 4,7 12,7 27 Zinc (TOT) ug/l 81 470 604 20300 Zinc (dissolved) ug/l 339 404 139000 Oosterdam (Rochem dual stream, no pulper) Oosterdam (Rochem dual stream, no pulper) 

Limit Laundry Acc. Pulper 

Ammonia mg/l 2,9 Copper (TOT) ug/l 3,1 35,3 988 2,32 Copper (dissolved) ug/l 35,6 26,3 Nickel (TOT) ug/l 8,2 3,09 85,8 0,285 Nickel (dissolved) ug/l 4,46 28,2 Zinc (TOT) ug/l 81 151 10100 3,22 Zi (di l d) /l 82 4 1910 

•All suppliers with units on operation are collecting data

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Zinc (dissolved) ug/l 82,4 1910 
Approx. AWP proces

and cost

• Biological process 5000pax (1200

– Tank capacity 330m3– Foot print 80m2– Cost turnkey: 2 MUSD process + 1,5 MUSD insta

• Biological process 3000pax ( 

800m

– Tank capacity 240m3– Foot print 70m2 (lowe

r tanks => worse oxygen tra

– Cost turnkey: 1,5 MUSD process+ 1,2 MUSD inst

•

Oxygen t f rans

f

e

r t th oe process m

limiting factor making reactor size 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Normal deck heig

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
AWP process siz

• Equalizing tanks normally as big 

installed or found

– Mixing by pumping– If proper size cannot be secured, waste water hol

pumping must be cont ll d ro e by timers

• Sludge holding depends the own

– 40m3/day from 5000pax with dry solid co

approx. 2% (screens 1/3 and bioprocess 

• Plus many intermediate pumping 

all the ”bells and whistles”

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

all the bells and whistles
AWP is simple only in 

diagrams

Example: In this Evac MBR processcase they found space for the bioreactor on a store

space

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
3300 person Cruise 3300 person Cruise 

Source 2008 VTT/Baltic

Total dry weight of AWP process 83tons.

Must be overhauledin pieces into engine

room via hatches and

water tight doors.

Energy cons: 204kWECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
3300 person Cruise 3300 person Cruise 

Source 2008 VTT/Baltic

In this case also a Denitrification tankaccoridng to Baltic rulesBioprcess 260m3 and 260m3 and Denitrification 70m3

Slud

ge holdin

g for 3- 4 days 140m3 (with aeration mixing)

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
AWP turnkey project 

PLANNING AHEAD IS THE KEY FOR SUCC

AWP retrofit project steps

GENERALAccommodation and food onboard for installation crew

Fire watchElectricity, gases, consumables, ventilation, heating, pr air, etc.Lifting on and off of equipment/material from shipsideGarbag p e/trash disposalShip stability evaluationProject managerTravel costsFreight costs to logistic centre to on board the vessel Freight costs to logistic centre to on board the vesselOnsite installation supervision & managementInstallation insurances and correct work permissions

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
AWP turnkey project 

ENGINEERING TAKES NORMALLY LONGER THAN 

ENGINEERINGProcess design and component selectionBasic design of hull tanksD t il d i f h ll t k

ENGINEERING TAKES NORMALLY LONGER THAN 

Detail design of hull tanks

Electric system design (basic + detail)AWP automation system design (basic + detail)Main Automation System (MAS) integration (basic + detail)Typ pp q y e approval certificates required by Class and USCG

Modified ship's vents fills and sounding diagramSystem internal piping diagramsSystem external piping diagramsEquipment arrangement planV til ti d i Ventilation drawings

Class approved material certificates and specsModified ship's tank and capacity planPenetration drawings for pipes, vents and electrical, both fire and water tightModified shipg g 's damage control drawings

Modified ship's bilge and ballast piping drawingsWorkshop drawings of foundations, prefabricated pipes etc.Installation plan, schedule and procedures for equipment loadingMeetings and correspondance with class, authorities and ownerProject related classification fees

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

Project related classification fees
AWP turnkey project 

COMPONENTS ARE RARELY ”OFF THE SHELF” > L

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALSteel for new tanks, tank modifications, foundations etc,Piping (vent, waste water, effluent, sludge, aeration)

COMPONENTS ARE RARELY ”OFF THE SHELF” => L

p g( , , , g , )

PenetrationsDamage control valvesTools and tool storageScaffolding (support and work structures)Biological and separation process units Biological and separation process unitsPumps, control panels etc. equipments related to pump unitsPre screenProcess tank aeration systemsUV unitsBlowers (vent and aeration) Blowers (vent and aeration)Defoaming systemChemical dosing systems (pH control, coagulation, flokkulation etc.)All valvesSight glasses, vacuum interface valves etc. prefab componentsaut ti i t tomation equipmentMAS equipmentGas monitoring systemElectrical equipmentCables, cable trays, penetrations etc.

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

Paint
AWP turnkey project 

LIMITED SPACE AND ACCESS + INSTALLTIOSHIP OPERATION PROLONGS THE INSTALL

DEMOLITION WORKDemolition and removal of existing units from installation locationDemolition of instruments, piping etc. from the existing tanks

SHIP OPERATION PROLONGS THE INSTALL

Demolition of instruments, piping etc. from the existing tanksScrapped material / equipment outside the vesselPREPARATION WORKProtection of contracted spacesEmptying, cleaning and gas freeing of installation related tanksEQUIPMENT INSTALLATION WORKInstallation of equipments according to work specificationSTEEL WORKBuilding of new loose steel tanksSteel work related to the existing tanksS f ti l t d t th i ti t k Surface preparation related to the existing tanks

Coating of the existing tanksBuilding of foundations for main equipmentBuilding of pump skids

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
AWP turnkey project 

PIPE WORKInstallation of waste water piping according to work specificatioInstallation of sludge piping according to work specificationInstallation of effluent piping according to work specificationInstallation of vent piping according to work specificationInstallation of aeration piping according to work specification

DESPITE GOOD ENGINEERING, LOT OF PIPING Installation of aeration piping according to work specification

ELECTRIC WORKCabling and installation of cable trays and penetrations, markingConnection of electric equipments to ship's systems

LOT OF PIPING

AND COMPONENT INSTALLATION 

NEED SKILLFULL

AUTOMATION WORKautomation system related workMAS related work

NEED SKILLFULL

IMPROVISATION

COMMISSIONINGPiping pressure and tightness testsFAT'sStart-up, system testing, all manuals, etc.T ii ra n ng

FINALIZINGFinal cleaningTouch-up painting

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

pp g

Gratings, ladders, handrails, stairs and floorplates where neces
Constructional iss

• Lo

w deck height ca sing ca

using iss es u

– Oxygen transer

• Nitrogen removal lead possibly into use of pur

to increased oxygen demand

• Space for additional additional compressor compressor and oxygen 

– Removal of large elements upward

• For example example submerged submerged membrane membrane removal removal 

also upwards

– Proper ventilation height above the

bioprocess needed due to ship mov”Foaming space

” and foam killing e

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

– Foaming space and foam killing e
Constructural issu

• Transport routes

– Lar

ge com

ponents must sometimes 

into pieces to be able to transport ththei

r loctions

• On retrofit where prefabrication is 

impossible

– It is difficult to work efficiently as the

space to increase manpowe

r aroun

– Time consumin

g => ex

pensive

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

g
Constructural issu

• Interfaces are most important for Interfaces are most important for 

ships applications

– Changing operation or components 

collectin

g ste

p

s

• Use of structural tanks made for f

drinking drinking water may not be optimu

optimu

• Sludge disposal routes and smel• Existing vent pipes, routing & wat• Etc Etc

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

Etc. Etc.
AWP Operation

• After the system installation and start-up it tak

the process is stabilized

– Crew and system supplier need normally to fix vario

onboard and make some fine tuning

• Suppliers Suppliers with multiple multiple installation installation know their 

New comers face more various ”surprices” 

– Overall publiced data is nevertheless sufficient eve

to size their processes correctly

• Crew learn to ”play” with AWP feed, chemical

capaci it es, test ti i m ng etc. => meet cri i ter a wh

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
AWP Operational is

• Smell

– Ship is a closed structure and venting diff

• Ozone systems systems installed installed on worst vent pipes• If smell to the engine room area => smell cont

can leak to pax. areas

– Prescreens not tight and need to be serv– Sludge, foodwaste processing, foaming, 

• Chemical consumption

– AWP’s consume various chemicals

• DAF chemicals expensive (feed shut on high • Chemical feed => process hot spots

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
AWP Operational is

• Sludge

– Most of the organic waste from bioreacto

coll t d ec e i t n o sl du ge

• Ships dump the sludge outside of 12n

company policy

• Most modern ships dry the sludge and 

– external external dryers smell, spread sludge dust and – Internal incenerator dryers have huge problem

fase” during the drying process

• Energy

– Bioprocess must operate 24/7 even outside of Ala

Overall ecolocigal foot print always challenged !

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

– Overall ecolocigal foot print always challenged !
AWP Operational is

• Redundancy and hazards

– Holding tank usage

• Future Ballast water treatment rules in the futu

• Hydrogen sulfate creation in ”septic condition”

– Start up period of biological biological process process after 

take time

– Space and cost versus 100% redundancy redundancy 

mechanical components

• Hotel operations operations and US public health days

– Chemicals (Chlorine for disinfection)

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
New Alaska New Alaska rule

Ammonia• Easier source defination (human 

– Data on Nitrogen concentrations on influe

exist

• Nitrification/denitrification known 

AWP suppliers

– Need more biosludge and oxygen– Separate Separate denitrification denitrification step or usage of 

tankSome older ships just run out of space !

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

– Some older ships just run out of space !
New Alaska New Alaska rule

Ammonia• Partial reduction already on curre

processes

• New Baltic rules support support ammoni

ammoni

AWP integration

• Ammonia removal lead to better

environmental environmental practises practises as all wastreams are more likely be treate

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Hamworthy conse

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
New Alaska New Alaska rule

Metals• All current data to be analysed p

r

• Proper tests on current AWP rem• After source red ti uc on most prop

add on technology

– Proper specification on challenge w

(p p erha s with 2 water qualities) to s

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
New Alaska New Alaska rule

Metals• Specification to include Life cycle, maintena

et i f ti t tc. information requests

• As all suppliers would quote their system on 

specification we would get better understanspecification, we would get better understan

• Overall Cost, Weight and Size of new technologie• Redundancy requirements of these new add Redundancy requirements of these new add-ons 

ons 

related to operational problems.

• Instrumentation needs• Alternative operational methods. Issues related to 

holding and shore/sea discharge. 

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 
Conclusions

• What did we learn from previous:

– Cruise Ship waste water is feed var

case due to:

• Operational Operational variations variations, ship size, route• Collecting and holding system variatio• Operator Operator views on waste water holdin

holdin

and sludge management

– Current Current Alaska regulation regulation can be m

• the AWP sizing, operational and const

issues are 99% under control

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping 

issues are 99% under control
Conclusions

- AWP retrofit installation is always a comprom

space and flow control

- Oth i t l l h ll th 

Other new environmental rules challenge th

- Low sulpher fuels/scrubber and ballast water management co

systems on tanks and space. 

- Ballast water management versus waste water holding are co

tanks are used for holding treated waste waters. 

- As waters treated, g holding practises and slu

management vary between companies => Weffluent quality may still mean higher environawareness and b tt t h l C 

d better technology => Can w

process purely on the end of pipe concentra

ECOMarine Oy – Logical solutions for shipping