COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Judges Petty, Alston and Russell 

Argued by teleconference 

TAMERA S. GILBERT 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION

 BY 

v. Record No. 1771-16-3 JUDGE WILLIAM G. PETTY 

 JULY 18, 2017 

WISE COUNTY DEPARTMENT 

 OF SOCIAL SERVICES 

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF WISE COUNTY 

John C. Kilgore, Judge 

 Jeffery L. Elkins for appellant.1 

 (Jeremy B. O’Quinn; Julienne D. Hensley, Guardian ad litem for the 

minor child; The O’Quinn Law Office, PLLC; Law Offices of 

Gregory M. Kallen and Julienne D. Hensley, on brief), for appellee. 

Appellee and Guardian ad litem submitting on brief. 

 In this appeal, Tamera S. Gilbert argues: 

I. That the trial court committed reversible error by granting the 

termination of appellant’s residual parental rights without notice to 

the Appellant thereby depriving her of an opportunity to be 

present, and to fully and fairly litigate the issues in the case all in 

violation of her 14th Amendment right to substantive and 

procedural due process. 

II. The trial court committed reversible error when it terminated 

residual parental rights without achieving service of process on the 

parent whose rights were terminated as required by 

Virginia Code section 16.1-283. 

III. The trial court committed reversible error in terminating

Appellant’s residual parental rights based solely upon the 

testimony of the social worker Paul Adams as his testimony did 

[sic] establish by clear and convincing evidence the proof 

                                                            



 Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 

 1

 By an order dated October 26, 2016, the trial court granted the motion of J. Brent 

Fleming to withdraw as Gilbert’s trial counsel for “good cause shown,” which was not included 

in the record. Jeffrey L. Elkins was appointed at that time to represent Gilbert on appeal. 

UNPUBLISHED 
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necessary and required to terminate Appellant’s residual parental 

rights under Virginia Code Section 16.1-283. 

For the reason below, we affirm the circuit court’s decision. 

BACKGROUND

 Because the parties are fully conversant with the record in this case and this 

memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, we recite below only those facts and 

incidents of the proceedings as are necessary to the parties’ understanding of the disposition of 

this appeal. We view the facts in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below. Porter 

v. Commonwealth, 276 Va. 203, 215-16, 661 S.E.2d 415, 419 (2008). 

 On May 2, 2016, Gilbert signed a notice of appeal of the juvenile and domestic relations 

district (JDR) court’s April 26, 2016 order terminating her residual parental rights. Gilbert’s 

Pennington Gap, Virginia address had been typed on the form. Pennington Gap is located in Lee 

County. The date of appearance for the appeal was filled in with a handwritten notation that it 

was “to be set by Wise Co[unty] Circuit Court.” Gilbert’s trial counsel subsequently submitted 

to the Wise County Circuit Court a “Notice” stating that a hearing date was set for July 29, 2016. 

The notice listed Gilbert’s address in Pennington Gap. Gilbert’s trial counsel asked the clerk of 

the circuit court to forward the notice to the Sheriff of Lee County for service of the notice on 

Gilbert. The notice was not served, and the Sheriff wrote “does not live at address” on the 

return. Gilbert did not appear at the July 29, 2016 trial, and the trial date was rescheduled for 

September 12, 2016. 

 Gilbert’s trial counsel submitted another “Notice” with Wise County Circuit Court, which 

stated the rescheduled hearing date of September 12, 2016. Gilbert’s trial counsel again asked 

the clerk to forward this notice to the Sheriff of Lee County for service on Gilbert. Although the 

return service on the first notice stated that Gilbert did not reside at the Pennington Gap address 

listed, Gilbert’s trial counsel requested service of the second notice on Gilbert at the same 
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address listed on the first notice. The notice was not served; the return stated, “Does not live at 

address. Was advised lived in Wise Co.”2 The record contains no evidence of attempted service 

to Gilbert at any address other than the failed one in Pennington Gap. 

 On September 12, 2016, the trial court began the proceeding. Before the trial court even 

stated the case number, Gilbert’s trial counsel interrupted, “I have not heard from her. Are you 

sure service was made?” At the conclusion of the proceeding, Gilbert’s trial counsel stated, “We 

waive signing of the order.” That was the full extent of participation in the proceeding by 

Gilbert’s trial counsel. 

 Upon swearing in of a witness from the Foster Care Program in the Wise County 

Department of Social Services (DSS), the following dialogue occurred: 

By the Court: We have the failure of either parent to try and 

strength [sic] the relationship. 

By [the witness]: I couldn’t locate the mother. She has been in 

and out of jail. 

By the Court: It was April 25th that the order was entered granting 

termination. 

By [the witness]: I had one contact with the mother since August 

of last year. 

By the Court: The department is moving for a finding. 

By [counsel for DSS]: We are asking to withdraw and keep it in 

Juvenile Court. 

By the Court: I will make that finding that the department has

tried to reach the parties. I am only too glad to dismiss the 

case and find the same as Juvenile Court. 

By [counsel for DSS]: It is in the best interest. 

By the Court: No, if no contact has been made then the department 

is okay. 

This was the extent of the testimony and evidence. Neither attorney questioned the witness from 

Wise County DSS. 

                                                             2

 The return was stamped “received” by the Wise County Sheriff’s Office on August 16, 

2016, but the record does not contain any indication that the Wise County Sheriff attempted 

delivery. 
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 The order withdrawing appeal stated that “[p]ursuant to proper Notice to all parties,” 

Gilbert’s failure to appear, and a motion by Wise DSS to withdraw the appeal pursuant to Code 

§ 16.1-106.1(D), “the Court hereby ORDERS that [Gilbert’s] appeal[] be withdrawn, thereby 

reinstating the judgment of the Wise County Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court.” The order 

also stated that the circuit court had made “findings” regarding the best interests of the child and 

the failure of the parents to communicate with the child. 

 This appeal followed. 

ANALYSIS

 Rule 5A:18 states: 

No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for 

reversal unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at 

the time of the ruling, except for good cause shown or to enable the 

Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice. A mere statement 

that the judgment or award is contrary to the law and the evidence 

is not sufficient to preserve the issue for appellate review. 

 The purpose of the rule is to assure “that the trial court is provided an opportunity to rule 

intelligently” on an objection or procedural issue raised by a party. Preferred Sys. Sols., Inc. v. 

GP Consulting, LLC, 284 Va. 382, 396, 732 S.E.2d 676, 683 (2012). When the issue concerns a 

matter of law, such as what constitutes sufficient notice, an objection will be timely so long as it 

is raised in a manner that gives the trial court sufficient notice of the argument and time to rule 

intelligently on the issue while the case remains under the court’s jurisdiction, even if raised for 

the first time in a post-trial motion. See Majorana v. Crown Cent. Petroleum Corp., 260 Va. 521, 

525 n.1, 539 S.E.2d 426, 428 n.1 (2000). 

 Here, Gilbert was represented at the September 12, 2016 trial, but her trial counsel made 

no objection to proceeding without his client present. Gilbert’s trial counsel was unsure if 
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Gilbert had been given notice regarding the date and time of the hearing,3

 but he did not make 

any argument for a continuance. Gilbert’s trial counsel made no argument to the court that 

Gilbert’s lack of notice or service of process deprived Gilbert of an opportunity to be present, 

and to fully and fairly litigate the issue in the case in keeping with her procedural due process 

rights. Although the order withdrawing appeal states “Counsel for [Gilbert] objected to” the 

motion by Wise County DSS to deem the appeal withdrawn, no such objection by Gilbert’s trial 

counsel is preserved in the record. The order withdrawing the appeal was signed by the judge 

two weeks after the September 27, 2016 proceeding, but Gilbert’s trial counsel made no motion 

for reconsideration during that time nor in the subsequent twenty-one days. See Rule 1:1. 

Consequently, the circuit court had no opportunity to rule intelligently on the issue of Gilbert’s 

failure to be physically present for the trial on termination of her residual parental rights. 

 Furthermore, each of Gilbert’s assignments of error contends, “The trial court committed 

reversible error when it terminated residual parental rights” of Gilbert for the reason argued. The 

circuit court here, however, did not terminate Gilbert’s residual parental rights. Rather, the order 

                                                             3

 Gilbert’s trial counsel commented that he had not spoken to his client and asked if she 

had been served. It thus appears Gilbert’s trial counsel had made no attempt to contact her. We 

note that the Rules of Professional Conduct place the burden of communication with the client 

squarely on the lawyer, not the clerk of court. 

(a) A lawyer shall keep a client reasonably informed about the 

status of a matter and promptly comply with reasonable 

requests for information. 

(b) A lawyer shall explain a matter to the extent reasonably 

necessary to permit the client to make informed decisions 

regarding the representation. 

(c) A lawyer shall inform the client of facts pertinent to the matter 

and of communications for another party that may significantly 

affect settlement or resolution of the matter. 

Prof. R. of Conduct 1.4. The record does not disclose efforts of Gilbert’s trial counsel to 

communicate with her, beyond the failed “Notice” of hearings.
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of the circuit court withdrew Gilbert’s appeal, “thereby reinstating the judgment of the Wise 

County Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court” terminating Gilbert’s residual parental rights.4 

We do not consider assignments of error that do not address a ruling made by the trial court. 

Teleguz v. Commonwealth, 273 Va. 458, 471, 643 S.E.2d 708, 716 (2007). 

 Because Gilbert did not object to any action by the circuit court and does not assign error 

to any action taken by the circuit court, we conclude Gilbert has waived these arguments on 

appeal. 

CONCLUSION

 For the reasons stated above, we affirm the ruling of the circuit court. 

Affirmed. 

                                                             4

 The circuit court’s purported findings of fact included in the order withdrawing appeal 

became irrelevant when the appeal was withdrawn and the JDR court decision reinstated.