ATTACHMENT A 
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

QUICKLOOK CRITERIA PARAMETERS

Report Request ID: 843754 Report Code: AMP450 Mar. 7, 2011

Selection Criteria Page 1

User ID: GYE

State County Site Parameter POC City AQCR UAR CBSA CSA

EPA

Region Method Duration Begin Date End Date

39 049

GEOGRAPHIC SELECTIONS

PROTOCOL SELECTIONS

Parameter

Classification Parameter Method Duration

QUICK LOOK 88101

SELECTED OPTIONS

EVENTS PROCESSING

MERGE PDF FILES

WORKFILE DELIMITER

Option Type Option Value

EXCLUDE REGIONALLY CONCURRED EVENTS

YES

,

SORT ORDER

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Order Column

PARAMETER_CODE

STATE_CODE

COUNTY_CODE

SITE_ID

POC

DATES

EDT_ID

GLOBAL DATES

2008

Start Date End Date

2010

Tribal

APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Standard Description

PM25 24-hour 2006

PM25 Annual 2006
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 1 of 4

EXCEPTIONAL DATA TYPES

EDT DESCRIPTION

0

1

2

5

NO EVENTS

EVENTS EXCLUDED

EVENTS INCLUDED

EVENTS WITH CONCURRENCE EXCLUDED
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 2 of 4

PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Ohio Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)

SITE ID

P

O

C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS

4TH

MAX CERT EDT

39-049-0024

39-049-0024

39-049-0024

39-049-0025

39-049-0025

39-049-0025

39-049-0025

39-049-0025

39-049-0025

39-049-0029

39-049-0081

39-049-0081

39-049-0081

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

1

1

1

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

0805

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

New Albany

Columbus

Columbus

Columbus

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

Franklin

STATE 

FAIRGROUNDS

STATE 

FAIRGROUNDS

STATE 

FAIRGROUNDS

1700 ANN ST.

1700 ANN ST.

1700 ANN ST.

1700 ANN ST.

1700 ANN ST.

1700 ANN ST.

7600 FODOR 

RD.

5750 MAPLE 

CANYON

5750 MAPLE 

CANYON

5750 MAPLE 

CANYON

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

2008

2009

2010

2010

2008

2009

2010

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

170

120

120

120

33.1

26.2

38.9

32.6

30.5

38.0

39.0

31.4

31.9

37.9

43.8

32.7

34.2

Y

Y

Y

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

24-HOUR 

98TH

PERCENTILE

VALUE

27.8

23.2

30.9

26.8

23.6

33.5

32.7

22.6

28.0

29.5

25.3

25.7

29.1

115

114

118

111

116

118

57

55

59

4511

114

118

120

1ST

MAX

2ND

MAX

3RD

MAX

28.2

24.3

36.7

27.1

26.9

34.1

32.7

22.6

28.0

32.8

30.3

28.3

29.2

27.8

23.2

30.9

26.8

23.6

33.5

27.9

20.5

25.0

31.3

25.3

25.7

29.1

26.5

23.0

30.6

26.4

22.0

28.7

26.7

19.5

22.8

29.5

24.6

23.1

27.8

12.78 

11.54 

13.06 

12.20 

11.33 

12.67 

12.96 

11.09 

12.52 

12.65*

11.05 

10.83 

11.88 

WTD

ARITH

MEAN
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 3 of 4

88101

88101

120

170

Andersen RAAS2.5-300 PM2.5 SEQ w/WINS

Met One BAM-1020 Mass Monitor w/VSCC

GRAVIMETRIC

Beta Attenuation

PARAMETER

METHOD

CODE COLLECTION METHOD ANALYSIS METHOD

METHODS USED IN THIS REPORT
Mar. 7, 2011

Note: The * indicates that the mean does

not satisfy summary criteria.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM

QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)

Page 4 of 4

PQAOS USED IN THIS REPORT

PQAO AGENCY DESCRIPTION

0805 Ohio EPA, Central District Office
Environmental

protection Agency

John R. Kasich, Governor

Mary Taylor, Lt. Governor

Scott J. Nally, Director

CERTIFIED MAIL

March 10, 2011

Cheryl L. Newton, Director

Air and Radiation Division

U.S.EPA, Region V

77 West Jackson Boulevard

Chicago, Illinois 60604

RE: 2010 SLAMS PM,.5 and Ozone Data Certification

Dear Ms. Newton:

Please find enclosed our SLAMS Report (AMP-450, AMP-450NC and AMP255) for calendar year 2010 as required in 40 CFR, Part 58, Section

58.15. The ambient concentration and the quality assurance data

have been completely submitted to the AQS database.

The remaining criteria pollutant data will be certified within the

month of April.

I certify that the Ozone and PM,., data in the report are accurate to

the best of our knowledge taking into consideration the quality

assurance findings and only to the extent of the activities

performed by Ohio EPA.

There were no incidents of air pollution that reached or exceeded

levels as specified by Section 51.151 which could cause significant

harm to the health of persons.

Sincerely,

Robert Hodanbosi

Chief, Division of Air Pollution Control

Enclosure

50 West Town Street, Su~e 700

PO. Box 1049

Columbus,OH 43216-1049

61416443020

61416443184 (fax)

www.epa.ohio.gov
ATTACHMENT B 
1

OHIO 

2005 Base Year PM2.5 SIP Inventory 

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 

Lazarus Government Center 

50 West Town Street, Suite 700 

Columbus Ohio 43215 

Prepared by Ohio EPA 

Division of Air Pollution Control 

Emissions Inventory Unit 

February 2008 
2

Table of Contents 

Section Page

 Introduction ................................................................................................. 3 

1.0 Point Sources ............................................................................................. 4 

 

2.0 Area Sources .............................................................................................. 8 

3.0 Non Road Sources........................................................................15 

4.0 On Road Sources........................................................................................17 

5.0 MAR Sources..............................................................................43 

 

Table 

2-1 Categories included in the 2005 area source Inventory.............................8

2-2 Emission Factors used for Wood Burners included in area sources............11 

3-1 NMIM NCD Tables for Specific Years and States ........................................... 16

4-1 Federal Functional Class Categories............................................................23 

4-2 DVMT Summary by County.................................................................. .24 

4-3 Speed by Federal Functional Class .............................................................28

4-4 Link Group Codes & Associated BPR Curves .......................................... 29 

4-5 Mobile6 Inputs.................................................................................31 

4-6 LADCO Data Output............................................. .............39

4-7 County Summary Table of MPOs by County......................................... .40 

5-1 Number of operations and LTOs for 2005.............................................. 45 

5-2 EDMS Aircraft Emissions ..................................................................50 

5-3 Fleet Emission Factor Categories ........................................................51 

5-4 Pollutant by County (Sample) ............................................................. 54 

. 

Figure

1........................................ Speed Comparison Graphs.....................................27 
3

2005 Base Year PM2.5 SIP Inventory for Ohio 

Introduction 

The State of Ohio has a number of counties with air quality data showing nonattainment for the following PM2.5 standard: 

• Annual Standard = 15.0 ug/m3 

The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) requires all states to revise and submit State 

Implementation Plans (SIP) for areas which are classified as non-attainment of the 1997 

Fine Particle (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The Federal 

Register ( Vol. 72, No. 79/ Wednesday, April 25, 2007) provides the emissions inventory 

rules and regulations for the PM2.5 Clean Air Fine Particle implementation rule. An 

electronic version of the document can be found at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPAAIR/2007/April/Day-25/a6347.pdf. 

As part of the designation of non-attainment areas for PM2.5 standards, a new 

attainment demonstration SIP will be necessary. A key element in the overall SIP 

planning process is the need for an updated emissions inventory. This document 

presents the 2005 Base Year Particulate SIP Emissions Inventory for Ohio as required 

by the CAAA. It includes emissions for point, area, on-road mobile and non-road mobile 

for the State of Ohio. 

This technical report documents the procedures and the methodologies that were used 

in the development of daily emissions for all counties in Ohio. This report describes the 

following: 

1. Identification of stationary and mobile sources included in the 

inventory; 

2. Sources of data, and data collection methods used in the development 

of the inventory; 

3. Methods and procedures used to estimate emissions; and 

4. Assumptions considered in the development of the emissions 

inventories. 

The intent of this report is to describe how the inventory was prepared, and what 

information was considered in the inventory development. 

This document is comprised of 5 sections, one section for each inventory type. The 

biogenic inventory is not being discussed in this document because Ohio EPA did not 

participate in the generation of this inventory. Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium 

(LADCO) ran EPA’s BEIS model in the Emission Modeling System (EMS) to generate 

Summer Weekday emissions for VOC and NOx. 
4

SECTION 1

POINT SOURCES 

Emissions and source specific data for point sources are collected for the 2005 baseyear SIP inventory by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA.) The 

primary source of data for point sources is facility reported STARShip files. STARShip 

is a software package developed by Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control (DAPC), 

to assist the regulated community in preparing and submitting a variety of electronic 

permit applications and reports to the DAPC. These data are reported by the Title V 

facilities annually as part of the emissions fee/inventory process conducted by Ohio 

EPA and include emissions, process rates, operating schedules, emissions control data 

and other relevant information. 

The STARShip files are electronically transferred to the DAPC and stored into the 

Division’s Oracle database, STARS. The files are reviewed by the local air agencies 

and Ohio EPA district and central office staff. After review, the data are imported into 

Excel and linked with an Access® database to further process the information into the 

federally approved National Emission Inventory (NEI) database format in version 3.0. 

The files are quality assured again using the United States Environmental Protection 

Agency’s (U.S.EPA) QA/QC software for format and content. The data is finally 

submitted to LADCO for emissions processing through the Emissions Modeling System. 

The State provided inventory for Electric Generating Units (EGU) is replaced with the 

Federal EGU inventory. The EGU inventory is compiled by U.S. EPA’s Acid Rain 

Program. It is based on facility reported emissions as measured by continuous 

emissions monitors. In conclusion, the final point source inventory is a hybrid of the 

federal EGU inventory and the state provided non-EGU units. 

A major distinction typically made in emissions inventories is that between point and 

area sources. In this inventory, point sources are sources for which individual records 

are maintained for that source. Such records are maintained for all Ohio Title V facilities 

(706 facilities statewide). The area source inventory accounts for facilities from nonTitle V facilities and calculates emissions information using surrogate emissions factors 

based on energy usage, population, employment records, or other reliable data. A 

more detailed discussion of the area source inventory is provided in Section 2. The 

point source inventory described herein is considered to be the most current and 

accurate source of emissions data available for 2005. 

1.1 Point Source Process Emissions 

Ohio EPA defines point source process emissions as those which occur at an 

identifiable Title V stationary stack or vent. Point source emissions not emitted from 

discrete stacks or vents are termed fugitive emissions and are discussed in Section 1.2. 
5

1.1.1 Source Identification and Data Collection 

The sources to be included in the 2005 base year inventory are identified using the Title 

V STARS database. Facility production and emissions data are included in this 

database. This information is facility-reported actual 2005 emissions. 

1.1.2 Non-reactive VOC Emissions Adjustments 

This section is primarily applicable for VOC pollutants. Sources are required to identify 

emissions of photochemically non-reactive Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC.) Based 

upon this information, those emissions have been specifically excluded from the 2005 

base line inventory in accordance with U.S. EPA’s “Recommended Policy on the 

Control of Volatile Organic Compounds.” A complete list of the compounds that U.S. 

EPA has identified as being photochemically non-reactive, and therefore not included in 

the inventory, are listed below: 

• Methane 

• Ethane 

• Methylene chloride 

• Methyl chloroform 

• Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) 

• Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) 

• Chlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22) 

• Trifluoromethane (HFC-23) 

• Chlorofluoromethance (HCFC-31) 

• Difluoromethane (HFC-32) 

• Decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee) 

• Ethylfluoride (HFC-161) 

• Trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) 

• Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114) 

• Chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115) 

• 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) 

• 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) 

• 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) 

• Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) 

• 1,1,2,2,-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134) 

• 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) 

• 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) 

• 1-Chloro-1,1,-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) 

• 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) 

• Fluoroethane (HCFC-151a) 

• 1,1-Difluoroethane (HFC-152a) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-225ca) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-225cb) 

• Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea) 

• Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea) 

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb) 
6

• Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) 

• Pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) 

• Parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) 

• Methoxybutane 

• Nonaflourobutane 

• Heptafluoropropane ((CF3)2CFCF2OCH3) 

• Heptafluoropropane ((CF3)CFCF2OC2H5) 

• Perchloroethylene 

• Cyclic, branched or linear completely methylated siloxanes 

• Methyl acetate 

• Volatile methyl siloxanes 

• Acetone 

1.1.3 Emissions Estimation Methodologies 

Since source reported actual annual emissions are used in the 2005 base year 

inventory, no estimation methods are necessary. The reports are provided to LADCO in 

National Emissions Inventory Input Format (NIF) 3.0 format. LADCO imported and 

processed the NIF files in EMS and applied temporal and spatial profiles to the annual 

emissions to calculate weekday emissions rates. The final point source inventory is 

split into two separate reports, the Electric Generating Units (EGU) which is the U.S. 

EPA inventory for electric generating units and the non-EGU which is the state inventory 

minus the EGU units. 

1.2 Point Source Fugitive Emissions 

Another type of emissions data which is required to be filed from point sources is 

fugitive emissions. Before 1990, fugitive emissions were categorized as area sources 

due to the lack of detailed information available for fugitive sources. However, since 

these emissions are now electronically reported in the State’s ORACLE database, 

STARS, these emissions can be classified as point sources. 

1.3 References 

Getting Started: Emissions Inventory Methods for PM2.5 U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, September, 1999. 

Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter 

National Ambient Air Qaulity Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations, 

Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards Research, Triangle Park, NC. November 

2005. 

Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors, Fourth Edition and Supplements, AP-42. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 1985. 
7

Preparing 2002 Regional PM2.5 Emissions QAQPS PM Inventory Conference Inventory 

Conference San Diego, 2003. 

Documentation for the 2002 Electric Generating Unit National Emissions Inventory 

(NEI). Eastern research group, Inc., 1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560 

and E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., 5528–B Hempstead Way 
8

SECTION 2 

AREA SOURCES 

Area sources are sources which are typically small, individual, numerous, and have not 

been inventoried as specific point, mobile, or biogenic sources. For inventory purposes, 

they are grouped with other like sources into categories that allow emissions to be 

calculated collectively using one methodology. Since area sources are traditionally 

defined at the county level, most methods are designed to estimate area source 

emissions at the county level. 

Ohio EPA has either used published Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP)6

methodologies or selected other methodologies which are shared by other states. The 

decision of which methodology to use was largely based on Ohio’s data availability. 

Data which was not available on a county-level is estimated by assigning a percentage 

of the state’s total activity to each county based on the state’s population or employment 

information. If Ohio county specific activity data is available through Ohio EPA or other 

State Agencies, that data is used rather than allocating activity by percentage. Table 2-1 

lists the sources which emit PM2.5, NOx and SO2 along with the respective EFs used to 

calculate each pollutant. 

Table 2-1 Categories in the 2005 PM2.5 SIP Area Source inventory 

Area Source NOx PM2.5 SO2 Section 

Commercial Natural 

Gas Combustion 94 lb/MMSCF 7.6 lb/MMSCF 0.6 lb/MMSCF 2.1 

Industrial Distillate Oil 

Combustion 20 lb/E3gal fuel 0.25 lb/E3gal fuel 42.6 lb/E3gal fuel 2.2 

Industrial Residual Oil 

Combustion 55 lb/E3gal fuel 4.67 lb/E3gal fuel 157 lb/E3gal fuel 2.2 

Industrial Natural Gas 

Combustion 94 lb/MMSCF 7.6 lb/MMSCF 0.6 lb/MMSCF 2.2 

Residential Coal 

Combustion 9.1 Lb/Ton Coal 3.8 Lb/Ton Coal 31 Lb/Ton Coal 2.3 

Residential Distillate 

Oil Combustion 18 lb/E3gal fuel 0.83 lb/E3gal fuel 42.6 lb/E3gal fuel 2.3 

Residential Natural 

Gas Combustion 94 lb/MMSCF 7.6 lb/MMSCF 0.6 lb/MMSCF 2.3 

Residential LPG 

Combustion 13 lb/E3gal fuel 0.17 lb/E3gal fuel 0.1 lb/E3gal fuel 2.3 

Human Cremation 1.01E+01 lb/Ton 

cremated 

0.0637 lb/Ton 

cremated NA 2.4 

Structure Fires 1.4 Lb/Ton 

burned 

10.8 Lb/Ton 

burned NA 2.5 

Outdoor Wood Boilers 2.8 Lb/Ton 2.76E+1 Lb/Ton 4 E-1 Lb/Ton 2.6 
9

Residential Wood 

Combustion 

Non-Certified 

Non-Catalytic 

Catalytic 

2.80E+00 lb/Ton 

2.80E+00 lb/Ton 

2.00E+00 lb/Ton

3.06E+01 lb/Ton 

1.96E+01 lb/Ton 

2.04E+01 lb/Ton 

4.00E-01 lb/Ton 

4.00E-01 lb/Ton 

4.00E-01 lb/Ton 

2.3 

2.1 Commercial Natural Gas Combustion (SCC 2103006000)

The 2005 total state-level commercial sector energy consumption is obtained from the 

Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s State Energy Data System (SEDS), and 

apportioned per county based on population4

. Emissions factors are given in table 2-1. 

The area source emissions are calculated based on an adjusted value by subtracting 

the emissions due to point sources. 

2.2 Industrial Fuel Combustion 

Industrial Distillate Oil Combustion (SCC 2102004000) 

Ohio’s fuel consumption is apportioned per county based on the county’s population4

. 

The area source NOX emissions are calculated and adjusted by subtracting the 

emissions due to point sources. A heating value of 140 MMBTU/1000 Gal is used and 

84,408 thousand gallons are consumed in 2005. [MMBTU stand for Million British 

Thermal Units]. Emissions factors are given in table 2-1. 

SO2 emissions were calculated using EF 42.6 Lb/1000 Gal. PM10 and PM2.5 emissions

are calculated using 1Lb/1000 Gal and 0.25 Lb/1000 Gal respectively. All Factors are 

obtained from AP-4219 

Industrial Residual Oil Combustion (SCC 2102005000) 

Ohio’s fuel consumption is apportioned per county based on the county’s population4

. 

The area source NOX emissions are calculated and adjusted by subtracting the 

emissions due to point sources. 54,652 thousand gallons14 are consumed in 2005 and 

a heating value of 140 MMBTU/1000 Gal is used. The SO2 emissions are calculated 

using EF 157 Lb/1000 Gal. PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are calculated using 7.17 Lb/1000 

Gal and 4.67 Lb/1000 Gal respectively. All factors are obtained from AP-4219 

Industrial Natural Gas Combustion (SCC 2102006000) 

Ohio’s fuel consumption is apportioned per county based on the county’s population4

. 

The area source NOX emissions are calculated and adjusted by subtracting the 

emissions due to point sources. 293,857 MMCF14 are consumed in 2005. The SO2
10

emissions are calculated using EF 0.6 Lb/MMBTU. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are 

calculated using 7.6 Lb/MMBTU. All factors were obtained from AP-4219 

2.3 Residential Fuel Combustion 

Residential Coal Combustion (SCC 2104001000) 

Ohio’s household consumption of coal is apportioned per county based on county 

population4

. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 9.1 of coal. The SO2 emissions 

are calculated using EF 31Lb/1000 Gal. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are calculated 

using 6.2Lb/Ton and 3.8 Lb/Ton respectively. All factors were obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Distillate Oil Combustion (SCC 2104004000) 

Ohio’s household consumption of distillate oil is apportioned per county based on 

county population4. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 18 lb/1000 gallons 

distillate fuel respectively. A heating value of 140 MMBTU/1000 Gal is used. The SO2

emissions are calculated using EF 42.6 Lb/1000 Gal. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions

are calculated using 1.08Lb/1000 Gal and 0.83 Lb/1000 Gal respectively. All factors are 

obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Liquid Petroleum Gas Combustion (LPG) 

(SCC 2104007000) 

Ohio’s household consumption of LPG is apportioned per county based on county 

population4. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 13 lb/1000 gallons LPG. The 

SO2 emissions are calculated using EF 0.1 Lb/1000 Gal. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions

are calculated using 0.17Lb/1000 Gal. All factors are obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Natural Gas Combustion (SCC 2104006010) 

Ohio’s household consumption of LPG is apportioned per county based on county 

population4

. NOX emissions are calculated using EF of 94 lb/MMSCF. MMSCF stands 

for Million Standard Cubic Feet. This source also emits SO2 emissions which are 

calculated using EF 0.6 Lb/MMBTU. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions are calculated 

using 7.6Lb/MMBTU. All factors are obtained from AP-4219 

Residential Wood Combustion 

NOX emissions from this area source are calculated for seven types of residential 

heating units that utilize wood for fuel. They are listed below with the appropriate SCC: 

Fireplaces without inserts 2104008001 

Fireplaces with inserts catalytic (non-U.S. EPA cert) 2104008002 

Fireplaces with inserts non -catalytic 2104008003 

Fireplaces with inserts catalytic (U.S. EPA cert) 2104008004 

Wood stoves – Conventional 2104008010 

Woodstoves – Catalytic 2104008030 

Wood stoves – Non catalytic 2104008050 
11

The number of Ohio homes with fireplaces are adjusted for those that burn wood. The 

following assumptions are applied to those adjusted homes: 

92 percent of wood combusted in non-certified units 

5.7 percent of wood combusted in non-catalytic units 

2.3 percent of wood combusted in catalytic units 

A state consumption value is applied which is apportioned to each county based on its 

population4. Table 2-2 shows the EF used for each of the seven types of indoor wood 

burners which make-up this category: 

Table 2-2 Emission Factors Used for Wood Burners 

SCC 2104008002 2104008003 2104008004 

SCC 2104008010 2104008050 2104008030 

SCC 2104008001 

RAPIDS Code Non-Certified Non-Catalytic Catalytic Units 

SO2 4.00E-01 4.00E-01 4.00E-01 Lb/ton 

NOX 2.80E+00 2.80E+00 2.00E+00 Lb/ton 

PM2.5 3.06E+01 1.96E+01 2.04E+01 Lb/ton

To avoid double counting of wood consumption for fuel, this category is adjusted by 

subtracting the wood consumption from OWB to allow this category to account only for 

indoor wood burning emissions. 

Residential Wood combustion also emits SO2 which is calculated using EF 0.4 Lb/Ton 

EF. The PM2.5 emissions are calculated using EF as shown in table 2-2. All factors are 

obtained from AP-4219 

2.4 Human Cremation (SCC 2810060200) 

 

Not all Ohio counties possess a crematory so only those counties with crematories are 

used to calculate the number of cremations and their resulting NOx emissions. The 

2005 cremation data is obtained from the Ohio Department of Health, Vital Statistics17. 

It is estimated that 3% of deaths occur outside the State of Ohio with no available data 

to account for their disposition at the time this area source is being calculated. 

Therefore, those deaths are not accounted for in this category. 

The methodology does not offer an EF for NOx for this category nor is NOx required to 

be calculated for this area source. Ohio feels that it is a combustion source and NOx 

needs to be included in the inventory along with the other combustion sources. 

Through its Permits-to-Install for human cremation, Ohio has selected a NOx EF of 

10.13lb/ton cremated to calculate emissions from this area source. 
12

This source also emits PM, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions which are calculated using EF 

0.1 Lb/Ton, 0.071Lb/Ton and, 0.0637 Lb/Ton respectively. All factors are obtained from 

AP-4219

2.5 Structure Fires (SCC 2810030000) 

The Structure Fires category includes residential and commercial fires resulting from 

unintentional actions. Intentional fires, forest and wildfires, agricultural, and vehicle 

burning are not included in this area source. The State Fire Marshall Office, Fire 

Prevention Bureau15 provided data on the number of structure fires per county in 2005. 

This area source is considered a combustion source for NOX emissions which are 

calculated using EF 1.4 lb/ton burned. The residential and commercial structures fires 

for each county are tabulated and a fuel loading of 1.15 Ton/fire is applied. This source 

also emits PM, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions which are calculated using EF 10.8 Lb/Ton. 

This factor was obtained from AP-4219 

2.6 Outdoor Wood Boilers (SCC 2104008070) 

Outdoor Wood Boilers (OWB), are also known as outdoor water stoves and outdoor 

wood furnaces, are used as outdoor residential heaters. These boilers have wood 

burning fireboxes surrounded by a water reservoir vented by a chimney stack. The 

combustion of the wood in the firebox heats the water in the surrounding reservoir and 

the heated water is pumped to the residence. OWB units can also supply residential 

hot water. The water capacity ranges from 60 gallons to 764 gallons. The operational 

design creates long periods where the fire smolders and creosote is formed13. 

When the water circulating through the furnace reaches an upper set point, the air 

supply to the fire is cut-off, cooling the fire so the water will not overheat. The furnace 

operates in this "idle" mode until the water temperature hits a lower set point and the air 

supply is re-established. The OWB may be in idle mode far longer than in operating 

mode. This type of operating causes very poor combustion and heavy foul smoke. Most 

of the smoke emitted is fine condensed organic material that does not burn under cool, 

oxygen starved conditions. In addition, many owners burn green wood full of moisture 

which also causes poor combustion12. The smoke created from these outdoor wood 

burning units can contain several pollutants that are harmful to breathe, including fine 

particle pollution such as PM 2.5

11 in addition to NOx (research assisted by Deborah 

Lucas, DAPC intern, 2007) 

This new area source category has many unknowns and variables associated with it 

and Ohio does not possess accurate OWB unit sales data available to calculate 

emissions on the county level. Therefore, several assumptions are made in agreement 

with the Great Lake States in order to formulate a homogeneous inventory for the 

region. 
13

The assumptions are as follows: 

• 100% of wood combusted in non-certified units. 

• OWB units to be 90% in rural counties and 10% in urban counties 

• 11.68 cords of wood consumption per unit per year (includes heating efficiency of 

30-40%) 

• 5 months heating season = 3650 hours (24/7) 

• PM2.5 emissions factor (g/kg wood) =13.82 (Average of indoor and outdoor) or 

27.64 lb/ton of wood 

The agreed upon methodology requires that total number of OWB sold in Ohio be 

apportioned to each county based on rural or urban designation while observing the 9:1 

ratio in area sales. The guesstimated factors (see above) are applied to calculate the 

emissions from this outdoor wood burner. Total emissions obtained from this category 

are subtracted from the Residential Wood Combustion category to allow for accurate 

emissions from the indoor wood burning units. 

 

2.7 References 

1. Documentation For the 2002 Non-Point Source National Emission Inventory For 

CAPS and HAPS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emissions Factor and 

inventory Group. E.H Pechan and Associates, Inc. January 2004. 

2. United States Census Bureau. Population Division.

http://eire.census.gov/popest/data/counties/tables/CO-EST2002/CO-EST2002-01-

39.php (Accessed 2003) 

3. United States Census Bureau. County Business Patterns. 

http://censtats.census.gov/cbpnaic/cbpnaic.shtml

(Accessed 2003) 

4. Ohio Department of Development, Office of Strategic Research. Population Projects 

by Age and Sex: 2005-2030. http://www.odod.ohio.gov/research/files/p200.htm

(Accessed August 2006) 

5. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1999 Base Year Non-point Source National 

Emission Inventory for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

September 28, 2001. 

6. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP). Volume III - Area Sources Preferred and 

Alternative Methods. November 1996. 

7. Documentation for the Draft 1999 National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) for 

Criteria Air Pollutants and Ammonia. Area Sources. E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

March 3, 2003 
14

8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program (EIIP), Volume III - Area Sources Preferred and Alternative 

Methods, Chapter 8. September 1997. 

9. Spreadsheet formulation provided by “Buzz” David Asselmeier, Air Quality Planning 

Section, Inventory Group, Springfield, Illinois. 

10. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP). Volume III - Area Sources Preferred and 

Alternative Methods. May 1997. 

11. (Environmental Chemistry.com) viewed on Feb 8th, 2007. 

[http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/environmental/200602outdoorwoodfurnaces.ht

ml] 

12. (Washington State, Department of Ecology) viewed on Feb 8th, 2007 

[http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/AOP_Permits/Boiler/Outdoor_Boilers_home.html]

13. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Reducing Pollution from Outdoor WoodFired Hydronic Heaters. Fact Sheet

http://www.epa.gov/owhh/pdfs/fact_sheet_1_29_07.pdf (Accessed 1/2007) 

14. Industrial Sector Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates, 1970-2001, Ohio. 

Energy Information Administration. U. S. Department of Energy. 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_prices/ind/pr_ind_oh.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec1_27.pdf (Accessed 2003) 

15. State Fire Marshal Office. Fire Prevention Bureau, Columbus, Ohio. 

http://www.com.state.oh.us/odoc/sfm/firecont.htm (Accessed 2003) 

16. Documentation for the Draft 1999 National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) For 

Criteria Air Pollutants and Ammonia. Area Sources. E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

March 3, 2003 

17. Ohio Department of Health, Vital Statistics 

18. Environmental Protection Agency. STAPPA-ALAPCO-EPA Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program (EIIP). Volume X – Emissions Projections. December 1999. 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume10/x01.pdf

(Accessed 2/2007) 

19. Environmental Protection Agency. AP-42. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ 
15

SECTION 3

NON-ROAD SOURCES 

The non-road inventory is generated regionally by running U.S. EPA’s National Mobile 

Inventory Model (NMIM) model. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 

undertook the responsibility of customizing the NMIM input files and submitting the 

output file in NIF format to LADCO and U.S. EPA. LADCO processed the NMIM files in 

their emissions model and generated daily emissions rates. Grant Heatherington from 

the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provided the following descriptions... 

The National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) developed by USEPA was used to 

estimate emissions for all other non-road mobile categories. NMIM consolidates nonroad mobile emissions and on-road emissions modeling into a single modeling system. 

Only the non-road emissions modeling portion of NMIM was used in the development of 

this emission’s inventory. NMIM uses the USEPA’s NONROAD model to calculate nonroad mobile emissions. The basic NONROAD algorithm for calculating emissions uses 

base year equipment populations, average load factors, available engine powers, 

activity hours and emission factors. Before NMIM was run, modifications and additions 

were made to the NMIM input data. 

a. Added emission factors for diesel tampers/rammers provided by E.H. 

Pechan & Associates, Inc. Diesel tampers/rammers are a type of 

construction equipment. 

b. Revised PM2.5 ratios in SCC table to correctly calculate PM2.5 diesel 

emissions. This error was introduced with NMIM2005 and didn’t exist in 

NMIM2004. 

c. Revised gasoline parameters using updates provided by the states and 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. Gasoline parameters include Reid Vapor 

Pressure (RVP), oxygenate content and sulfur content. 

The NMIM NEI NIF files are on the LADCO ftp site at: 

ftp://ftp.airtoxics.org/inv2005/nonroad/NMIM/Base_L_ph2/2005/

Revised NMIM2005 Input Data 

Emission Factor Data 

All States: Pechan revised the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) emission factor data to 

include diesel tampers/rammers (2270002006). The revised NMIM file is saved as 

revBSFC.EMF. 
16

Population Data 

For 26000.pop, replaced default file supplied with NMIM2005 with 26000_rev_NMIM05.pop that 

contains revised construction data missing from 26000.pop external file provided with 

NMIM2005. This Michigan construction data should have been added with the other LADCO 

states modified construction data but was overlooked. 

SCC Data 

The default SCC table of NCD20060201 is replaced by a version that contains corrections to the 

PM25fac field that earlier NCDs contained (i.e. changed from 0.92 to 0.97 for diesel non-road 

equipment) in NONROAD2004. 

Fuel Data 

LADCO States: Pechan revised four tables (countyyear, countyyearmonth, datasource and 

gasoline) in the National County Database (NCD) used by NMIM to incorporate new fuel data. 

AIR revised gasoline characteristics per instructions from the states. Also, gasoline 

characteristic revisions for 2005 provided by states were incorporated. Additional revisions 

were incorporated into 2002 data for non-road Stage 2 controls. Depending on the year being 

modeled, different versions of the revised tables are used. Also, the countynrfile, countyyear 

and datasource tables were revised to reference the new activity, allocation, growth, population 

and seasonality files described above. NCD tables with names ending in “def” are default 

versions of the table. See table below for the appropriate versions of the tables for the selected 

years. 

Non-LADCO States: The countynrfile, countyyear and datasource tables were revised to 

reference the new activity, allocation and seasonality files described above. See table below for 

the appropriate versions of the tables for the selected years. 

Table 3-1 NMIM National County Database Tables for Specific Years and States 

States 

Years 

1999 (WI only) 2002, 05, 07, 08, 09, 12 and 18 

LADCO states countynrfile_NMIM05_rev, 

countyyear_NMIM05_rev, 

countyyearmonth_NMIM05_w

_05_12_18_rev, 

datasource_NMIM05_rev, 

gasoline_NMIM05_def 

SCC_NCD20060201_rev 

(used when NCD20060201 is 

used) 

countynrfile_NMIM05_rev, 

countyyear_NMIM05_rev , 

countyyearmonth_NMIM05_w_05_12_18_rev, 

datasource_NMIM05_rev, 

gasoline_NMIM05_w_05_12_18_rev 

SCC_NCD20060201_rev (used when 

NCD20060201 is used)
17

SECTION 4

ON-ROAD SOURCES 

A mobile source of air pollution is a self-propelled or portable emitter of air pollutants, 

and mobile source emissions are those generated by the engines or motors that power 

such sources. Most mobile sources, except jet or turboprop aircraft, are powered by 

internal combustion (IC) piston engines, and nearly all use liquid fuels. 

Gaseous fuels, such as compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas 

(LPG), had only a very small fraction of the motor fuel market in Ohio in 2005. Solid 

fuels have not been used by mobile sources in significant amounts since railroads 

retired their coal-powered steam locomotives in the 1950s. 

4.1 Categories of Mobile Sources 

For inventory and planning purposes, mobile sources are divided into two major 

categories. 

1. On-highway mobile sources (usually referred to as on-road), e.g., motor 

vehicles such as cars, vans, trucks, buses and motorcycles used for 

transportation of goods and passengers on roads and streets 

2. Off-highway (usually referred to as non-road) mobile sources including: 

• Modes of powered transportation that do not use roads, such as aircraft, 

trains, ships and boats, and motor vehicles used off-road. 

• Self-propelled or portable motorized machines or equipment not used for 

transportation, ranging from construction equipment and farm tractors to 

lawnmowers and hand-held power weed choppers. 

Mobile Sources: All on-road mobile sources are self-propelled. 

Non-road Mobile Sources: Some non-road mobile sources (e.g., farm tractors), are 

self-propelled, but many non-road sources are not. A gasoline-powered chain saw is a 

familiar example of a non-self-propelled non-road mobile source. 

Stationary Sources: Not all movable or portable emission sources are mobile sources, 

however. A small truck-portable cement or hot-mix asphalt plant, for example, may be 

set up near a construction or road-building site. Such plants are classified as stationary 

sources, not mobile sources for two reasons: (1) they may operate for weeks or months 

at a single location, and (2) the trucks that move the plants do not supply power for 

them. 
18

NOTE: Not all Internal Combustion engines (IC) or turbine engines are mobile sources. 

Fixed IC engines, such as those that power pipeline compressors or standby generators 

in electricity plants and elsewhere, are also classified as stationary sources. 

4.1.1 Categories and Components of Mobile Source Emissions 

There are three categories of mobile source emissions: 

• Exhaust or tailpipe emissions, which result from the combustion of fuel in the 

source’s engine 

• Evaporative emissions, which result from evaporation of fuel from the engine or 

its fuel system 

• Refueling emissions 

Exhaust Emissions: Are the result of fuel combustion and occur only when the engine 

is running. 

Evaporative emissions: Are Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) based only and are 

continuously emitted from an engine’s fuel system, whether the engine is running or not. 

Gasoline is a very volatile fuel, so total VOC emissions from gasoline powered vehicles 

have a large evaporative component. Diesel and jet fuels are of very low volatility, so 

evaporative emissions from diesel and turbine engines are a much smaller part of their 

total VOC emissions. Evaporative emissions for CNG or LPG powered vehicles are 

negligible because their fuel tanks and systems are of necessity, sealed. 

Evaporative and exhaust VOC emissions can be calculated separately for most mobile 

source categories. Evaporative emissions do not include VOC emissions that occur 

during refueling. 

Refueling Emissions: These emissions are the third category of mobile source 

emissions. Refueling emissions are entirely VOC. Although they result from the 

evaporation of fuel, they are distinct from, and not directly related to, evaporative 

emissions as defined above. 

Refueling emissions have two subcomponents: 

• Displacement emissions. These occur when new fuel is transferred into a partly 

filled tank--be it a service station storage tank, a portable fuel container (gas 

can), or a vehicle or engine’s fuel tank; displacing the air in the tank and forcing 

that vapor-rich air out the inlet pipe or other vent. There are two stages of 

displacement emissions: 

o “Stage I” emissions occur when the underground storage tanks at a 

service station are being refilled; 
19

o “Stage II” emissions occur when a motor vehicle (or gas can) is being 

refueled. 

NOTE: These emissions are covered in, “Area Sources,” section 3.6. 

• Spill emissions. These occur when drops of fuel drip or splash on the ground 

during or after refueling and evaporate away. 

4.2 Ohio On-Road Mobile Source Inventory 

The inventory of on-road mobile source emissions was developed in conjunction with 

the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), Lake Michigan Air Director’s 

Consortium (LADCO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and 

the Ohio EPA (OEPA). Estimates of the amounts of NOx and VOC are reported by 

county in tons per day. Emissions are reported for a typical ozone season weekday in 

the summer of 2005. 

4.2.1 Emission Inventories Developed with MOBILE6 Model 

MOBILE6 Overview: 

MOBILE6 is a computer program that estimates hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide 

(CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), exhaust particulate matter (which consists of several 

components), tire wear particulate matter, brake wear particulate matter, sulfur dioxide 

(SO2), ammonia (NH3), six hazardous air pollutant (HAP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) 

emission factors for gasoline-fueled and diesel highway motor vehicles, and for certain 

specialized vehicles such as natural-gas-fueled or electric vehicles that may replace 

them. The program uses the calculation procedures presented in technical reports 

posted on EPA's MOBILE6 Web page http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models.htm. 

MOBILE6 emission factor estimates depend on various conditions, such as ambient 

temperatures, travel speeds, operating modes, fuel volatility, and mileage accrual rates. 

Many of the variables affecting vehicle emissions can be specified by the user. 

MOBILE6 will estimate emission factors for any calendar year between 1952 and 2050, 

inclusive. Vehicles from the 25 most recent model years are considered to be in 

operation in each calendar year. 

4.2.2 MOBILE6 Defaults: 

MOBILE6 includes default values for a wide range of conditions that affect emissions. 

These defaults are designed to represent “national average” input data values. Users 

who desire a more precise estimate of local emissions can substitute information that 

more specifically reflects local conditions. Use of local input data will be particularly 

common when the local emission inventory is to be constructed from separate 
20

estimates of roadways, geographic areas, or times of day, in which fleet or traffic 

conditions vary considerably. 

A list of MOBILE6 input parameters is provided below. Most of these inputs are optional 

because the model will supply default values unless alternate data are provided. 

4.2.3 MOBILE6 Input Parameters 

• Calendar year

• Month (January, July) 

• Hourly Temperature 

• Altitude (high, low) 

• Weekend/weekday 

• Fuel characteristics (Reid vapor pressure, sulfur content, 

 oxygenate content, etc.) 

• Humidity and solar load 

• Registration (age) distribution by vehicle class 

• Annual mileage accumulation by vehicle class 

• Diesel sales fractions by vehicle class and model year 

• Average speed distribution by hour and roadway 

• Distribution of vehicle miles traveled by roadway type 

• Engine starts per day by vehicle class and distribution by hour 

• Engine start soak time distribution by hour 

• Trip end distribution by hour 

• Average trip length distribution 

• Hot soak duration 

• Distribution of vehicle miles traveled by vehicle class 

• Full, partial, and multiple diurnal distribution by hour 

• Inspection and maintenance (I/M) program description 

• Anti-tampering inspection program description 

• Stage II refueling emissions inspection program description 

• Natural gas vehicle fractions 

• HC species output 

• Particle size cutoff 

• Emissions factors for PM and HAP 

• Output format specifications and selections

4.2.4 MOBILE6 References 

The following publications provide much of the guidance for the preparation of the onhighway inventory. 

EPA-450/4-81-026d (Revised), now EPA/450-R-92-009, Procedures for Emission 

Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources, December 1992. Hereafter, 

“Procedures Vol. IV”. The 1992 version is still the definitive document on 
21

inventories. If a previous edition is referred to, the fact will be noted as, for example, 

“the 1989 Procedures Vol. IV” or “Volume IV, 1989 edition”. 

EPA420-R-03-010, User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source 

Emission Factor Model, August 2003. This is the User’s Guide for the official 

MOBILE6.2.03 on-highway mobile source emission factor model and will usually be 

referred to as the M6.2 (or simply M6) User’s Guide (UG). The M6 model in its 

various versions was developed and published by Assessment & Modeling Division 

(AMD) of the National Vehicle & Fuels Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) in Ann Arbor, 

Michigan. The NVFEL is part of USEPA Office of Transportation & Air Quality 

(OTAQ), formerly the Office of Mobile Sources (OMS). 

Technical Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6 for Emission Inventory 

Preparation, August 2004. Hereafter, the M6 “Technical Guidance [Document]” or 

“TGD”. The TGD is the primary source of guidance on M6 inputs and an invaluable 

adjunct to the M6 User’s Guide. 

USEPA document “Frequently Asked Questions on MOBILE6”, 16 January 

2002. Hereafter, [M6] “FAQ”. This document was published along with the M6 

TGD. 

USEPA memo, “Policy Guidance on the Use of MOBILE6 for SIP Development 

and Transportation Conformity”, dated 18 January 2002, from John Seitz, 

Director of OAQPS, and Margo Oge, Director of OTAQ, to Regional Air Division 

Directors. 

4.3 Ohio’s Alternate Data for MOBILE6 

Alternative data is state-specific data that is used in the Mobile6 runs. Using local data 

is preferred to using the default data in Mobile6. Efforts are made to collect as much 

local data as possible. 

4.3.1 Vehicle Registration Distribution by Age 

Overview: 

The vehicle age distribution determines the fraction of vehicles operating within each 

emissions control requirement standard and the deterioration of the emission control 

technology. 

Emission rates vary widely between new and older vehicles. Thus, even small changes 

in fleet age, particularly for older vehicles, may result in large changes in emission 

totals. 
22

The MOBILE6 model requires estimates of a distribution of registered vehicles by age 

and vehicle category for current and future years. MOBILE6 default values were 

developed using national level vehicle registration data by age and class for July 1, 

1996. EPA developed a methodology to convert the July 1, 1996 registration profile into 

a general registration distribution by age and by vehicle category for some 6 composite 

(gasoline and diesel) vehicle types plus motorcycles. To project future changes, EPA 

evaluated general sales growth and vehicle scrappage trends for the total light-duty 

vehicle in-use fleet and the total heavy-duty vehicle in-use fleet, and made minor 

adjustments, where possible, to reflect some of the differences between vehicle 

categories. 

Description: The MOBILE6 model requires estimates of a distribution of registered 

vehicles by age and vehicle category for current and future years. OEPA chose to use 

local vehicle registration data provided by the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV) 

which was sent to the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) to develop 

these inputs. LADCO then contracted with a subcontractor to breakout the age 

distribution data from the Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN). 

Note: It was learned during the course of this inventory that there were some 

discrepancies in the age distribution data. But it was too large of a project to reevaluate 

the data prior to this inventory. This will be corrected in the next inventory (2008). 

Method Applicability: This approach is most applicable in areas where there are 

significant differences in the local vehicle fleet age distribution relative to the national 

average. 

Data Sources and Procedures: This approach involves using local vehicle registration 

data. This is typically available at the county level, but may also be applied using 

statewide data from the state motor vehicle registration office. The fleet age should be 

representative of the vehicle fleet over the small urban or rural area under question. 

Advantages: 

• Uses locally specific registration data, which is likely more representative of the 

local area than the national default. 

• Requires minimal additional resources, particularly if data is readily available at 

the county or local level from the State department of motor vehicle registration. 

• Recommended by EPA and generally is encouraged as a preferred approach 

over the national default approach.
23

4.3.2 Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (DVMT) 

Overview: 

In coordination with Ohio Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), the Ohio 

Department of Transportation (ODOT) provided Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (DVMT) 

data and travel demand model (TDM) data. TDM data will be covered in another 

section. Because TDM results are used by the state and MPOs to forecast traffic for a 

variety of reasons, undergo rigorous calibration and validation checks, and are sensitive 

to roadway capacity/travel time improvements, the TDMs are considered the best tool 

for emissions forecasting. Therefore, the DVMT data discussed in this section is not 

used directly for all areas of Ohio. In counties where it is not used directly it is used for 

making rough emissions estimates where models do not exist or where time prohibits 

the use of TDMs. DVMT is a simple mechanism to measure how much traffic is flowing 

along a roadway during an average 24 hour period. This simple formula multiplies 

Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) by the length of the roadway. For example; if a 

roadway is 2 miles in length and the AADT is 4000 vehicles per day the DVMT would be 

computed by multiplying 2*4,000 =8,000 or 8,000 DVMT. 

County-By-County DVMT is computed using the State of Ohio, Department of 

Transportation’s Roadway Information Files and the annual Highway Performance 

Monitoring System (HPMS) Summary Reports. DVMT’s are computed for all of the 

Federal Functional Class (FC) categories within each of Ohio’s 88 counties. 

The AADT and Roadway length information provides a very accurate estimate of 

statewide total DVMT for The State Highway System (Interstate, US and State Routes). 

County total DVMT are consistent and considered a good source of county level DVMT 

for countywide emissions estimates. For roadways that are not part of the State 

Highway System, various representative counts were used, such as: railroad crossing 

counts, HPMS Sample Section Counts, etc. All traffic count data that was not collected 

during the current year has had statewide growth factors applied to account for 

systematic growth. 

Given the previously mentioned methodologies, the DVMT data is more accurate on 

roads functionally classified as collector or above. 

Table 4-1 Federal Functional Class Categories: 

01 - Rural Interstate 

02 - Rural Principal Arterial 

06 - Rural Minor Arterial 

07 - Rural Major Collector 

08 - Rural Minor Collector 

09 - Rural Local 

11 - Urban Interstate 

12 - Urban Freeway & Expressway 

14 - Urban Principal Arterial 

16 - Urban Minor Arterial 

17 - Urban Collector 

19 - Urban Local 
24

Table 4-2 DVMT County Summary: 

For PDF web based tables of 2005 DVMT by county see: 

http://www.dot.state.oh.us/techservsite/availpro/Road_%20Infor/KDVMT/vmt2005.pdf

Disclaimer by ODOT: 

The above PDF web based tables contain the State of Ohio's adjusted county DVMT's 

and road mileage for the years 1990 - 2005. Please be aware that the numbers are 

estimates only. The factoring process used annual, estimated, and statewide ADT 

(Average Daily Traffic) growth factors, derived from the output of a limited number of 

traffic counting stations around the state. Although the growth factors are available by 

functional class, they are more reliable for major roads such as interstates or 

expressways, which are relatively well-sampled, than for local roads or collectors. The 

numbers also do no allow for periodic, large-scale functional reclassification actions 
25

which reassign selected roads or road segments from one functional class to another. 

The Ohio Department of Transportation therefore does not warrant the accuracy, 

completeness, or reliability of these estimates for your research. We also do not 

assume responsibility for any incorrectness that may occur. 

4.3.3 VMT From Travel Demand Models (TDM) 

Overview: 

Travel demand forecast modeling is performed by the Ohio Metropolitan Planning 

Organizations (MPOs) and ODOT for a multitude of purposes including the preparation 

of regional emissions estimates. The ODOT Office of Technical Services’ Modeling & 

Forecasting Section recommends that Ohio’s TDMs and ODOT’s conformity analysis 

methods be used to establish the roadway mobile source portion of Ohio’s SIP budget 

to assure consistent methods are used for transportation conformity analysis and 

budgets. Therefore, ODOT provided both MPO regional TDM runs and statewide TDM 

runs with associated data to OEPA and LADCO. The ODOT provided model run data 

for years 2002, 2005, 2009, 2012, and 2018. 

Data provided included loaded networks in both CSV format and GIS shape files, trip 

end summaries, zone boundary GIS shape files, intra-zonal trip VMT estimates, and 

VMT summaries for each of the loaded networks. Additional post processing data was 

provided including but not limited to metadata describing the loaded networks, Hourly 

distribution by functional class, speed profiles, day of week / weekend / monthly car and 

truck traffic profiles, 2009 & 2018 VMT RPO data sets, statewide VMT growth rates for 

local traffic, and a 2005 VMT summary comparison spreadsheet. It should be noted 

that among other things, the loaded TDM Networks contain distance and daily volumes 

from which VMT is computed. 

Network volumes are post processed to estimate VMT by hour of day. The hourly 

volumes and capacity, posted speed limit, and type of roadway for each roadway 

segment are then used to estimate average hourly speeds needed for MOBILE6 based 

emissions estimates. Modeling by segment by hour of day in this way makes emissions 

estimates more sensitive to the effects of roadway improvements. This allows 

transportation planners to evaluate the relative emissions affect of improvements to 

individual roadways as well as packages of improvements and the entire set of planned 

roadway improvement projects air quality impacts of construction programs. 
26

4.3.4 Speed Distribution Profiles 

Overview: 

ODOT provided speed distribution profiles to LADCO. A couple of different sets of 

speed distribution profiles were provided to OEPA and LADCO for their use, a table of 

space mean speeds by functional class for use with DVMTs and link group speed 

curves for post processing travel demand model traffic forecasts. Both sets of speed 

profiles are based on the same speed study conducted by ODOT. The speed study is 

documented in “Statewide Travel Time Study, May 2001 by Greg Giaimo, Ohio 

Department of Transportation”. When OEPA asked for speeds for use with MOBILE6 

for development of CERR, ODOT provided a set of speeds based on that statewide 

travel time study. Those speeds are documented in a technical memorandum titled 

“Estimation of Average Speed by Functional Class for MOBILE6 Runs” dated 

5/27/2004. Readers should refer to those documents for the details. Here the contents 

of the technical memo, Estimated Average Speed by Functional Class, are summarized. 

Space Mean Speeds by Functional Class for Use with County Level DVMT, HPMS: 

The memo states that the speeds which the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) 

had been using prior to that date, 2004, for air quality analysis estimates based on 

County DVMT summaries, were developed by a former ODOT employee for addressing 

the one (1) hour standards conformity rules established due to 1990 emissions 

exceedances. No documentation was found in ODOT’s files on the origin of these 

average speed values or how they were estimated. In addition, EPA has requirements 

for using latest planning assumptions for air quality conformity analyses. Therefore, 

ODOT believed that it was in the state’s best interest to use the most recent available 

data to provide a new set of estimated average speeds consistent with those used for 

urban area travel demand models which were under development at that time. The 

memo contains comparisons of 2002 speed data obtained from traffic count equipment, 

automatic traffic recorders (ATRs) which collect data continuously throughout the year. 

It also contains comparisons of the new speeds with those used to address the one 

hour standard Gebhart’s. The graphs shown in figure 1, taken from the memo, illustrate 

the comparisons. The first graph compares time mean speeds from the ATRs with 

space mean speeds from ODOTs travel time study done in 2001and with the speeds 

used for addressing the one hour standard. 
27

Figure 1 - Speed Comparison Graphs 

Speeds Comparison

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

FC01

FC06

FC08

FC11

FC14

FC17

Functional Class

Speed

Average Speed

1990 Analysis

Speeds

2001 Speed Study

Speeds Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

FC01FC06FC08

FC11

FC14FC17

RAMPS

Functional Class

Speed

Average Speed

Min. Avg Speed

Max. Avg. Speed

Gebhardt's Speeds

Spd Study Est

Speeds

Spd Study Greg Est

The following caution statement was taken from the Estimation of Average Speed by 

Functional Class memo. 

CAUTION: It should be noted that speeds on facilities falling in any one of the federal 

functional classifications vary greatly between roadways, between hour of the day, and 

day of the week. So these provide only very rough estimates of speed and should be 

used with caution. In addition, it is expected that these average statewide speeds are 

higher than the average speeds in the non-attainment areas because the non-
28

attainment counties tend to be more populated and more congested. The document 

“Highway Vehicle Speed Estimation Procedures For Use in Emission Inventories”, 

September 1991 by Earl Ruiter of Cambridge Systematics Inc. is referenced by EPA’s 

documented procedures for emission inventory preparation. This document suggests 

post processing travel demand model traffic assignment results to estimate average 

speeds. 

Final space mean speeds that ODOT provided are summarized in the Table 1 below: 

Table 4-3 Speed by Federal Functional Class 

Functional Class 1990 Analysis 2001 Speed Study 

 Speeds Speeds 

FC01 57.3 64.0 

FC02 45.3 53.0 

FC06 39.9 53.0 

FC07 35.1 43.1 

FC08 30.5 43.1 

FC09 28.0 43.1 

FC11 46.3 61.6 

FC12 43.3 61.6 

FC14 18.9 29.3 

FC16 19.6 29.3 

FC17 19.6 29.2 

FC19 19.6 23.8 

It was decided by mutual agreement among individuals within the ODOT Office of 

Technical Services that these new space mean speed based average speed estimates 

were reproducible and defensible since they are well documented and should therefore 

be the speeds used with HPMS** VMT if any year 2002 emissions budget work is done 

using only the county level VMT summaries discussed in section 5.3.2 Daily Vehicle 

Miles Traveled (DVMT). 

** Note that HPMS VMT is a statewide VMT estimate and the county level DVMT 

summaries are consistent with the HPMS VMT so the county level DVMT summaries 

are loosely referred to as HPMS VMTs even though in fact they are not. 

4.3.5 Link Group Speed Curves: 

The ODOT Modeling & Forecasting Section recommends that Ohio’s travel demand 

forecasting models and ODOT’s conformity analysis methods be used to establish the 

roadway mobile source portion of Ohio’s SIP budget for reasons already mentioned in 

5.3.2 and to assure consistent methods are used for transportation conformity 

demonstration analyses and budgets. Therefore, ODOT provided travel demand model 

runs and the speed curves by link group that ODOT uses for the speed estimates within 
29

the post processing of travel demand model runs for estimating regional emissions. 

Table 2 shows these link group curves. 

Table 4-4 Link Group Codes & Associated BPR Curves 

Link 

Group 

Facility 

Type 

Free Flow 

Speed 

Areatype a b 

1 Freeway 75 Any 0.39 6.3 

2 Freeway 70 Any 0.32 7.0 

3 Freeway 65 Any 0.25 9.0 

4 Freeway 60 Any 0.18 8.5 

5 Freeway 55 Any 0.10 10.0 

6 Multi-Lane 60 Rural 0.09 6.0 

7 Multi-Lane 55 Rural 0.08 6.0 

8 Multi-Lane 50 Rural 0.07 6.0 

9 Multi-Lane 45 Rural 0.07 6.0 

10 2 Lane Any Rural 0.34 4.0 

10 Urban 

Street 

50 Suburban 0.34 4.0 

11 Urban 

Street 

50 Urban 0.74 5.0 

12 Urban 

Street 

50 CBD 1.16 6.0 

13 Urban 

Street 

40 Suburban 0.38 5.0 

14 Urban 

Street 

40 Urban 0.70 5.0 

15 Urban 

Street 

40 CBD 1.00 5.0 

16 Urban 

Street 

35 Suburban 0.96 5.0 

17 Urban 

Street 

35 Urban 1.00 5.0 

18 Urban 

Street 

35 CBD 1.40 5.0 

19 Urban 

Street 

30 Suburban 1.11 5.0 

20 Urban 

Street 

30 Urban 1.20 5.0 

21 Urban 

Street 

30 CBD 1.50 5.0 

Note: a and b are the BPR curve parameters for the equation 

T = T0 {1 + a * (V/C)^b] 
30

More complete details about emissions modeling process employed by ODOT may be 

found in ODOT documentations. The document titled “Congestion Management & Air 

Quality Analysis (CMAQ) Program Documentation” dated December 2005 may be 

obtained from the ODOT web site at www.dot.state.oh.us/urban/data/cmaq.doc

(Microsoft Word document) 

4.4 Mobile6 Inputs: 

The following table contains the inputs supplied to LADCO to process our mobile 

inventory. 

4.4.1 Ohio’s 2005 MOBILE6 Inputs 

The following tables are the result of a joint meeting between Ohio EPA, ODOT, and 

MPOs from around the state. At that meeting Mobile6 inputs were discussed and 

efforts were made to verify the sources of data inputs for Moble6. Dialogue has 

continued between the parties. 

For historical reference: 

>>> Dave Moore <Dave.Moore1@dot.state.oh.us> 4/10/2006 2:13 PM >>> 

All, 

An air quality coordination meeting has been scheduled for April 27, 2006 at 10:00 AM at ODOT Central 

Office conference room GA. The primary purpose of this meeting is to discuss development of 2002 

mobile source inventories for use in developing the Ohio 2007 8-Hour Ozone SIP Attainment 

Demonstrations. See meeting agenda below. OEPA is working toward a June 15, 2006 schedule for 

submitting the 2002 inventories to US EPA. 

A key component of the meeting will be to review and confirm the MOBILE6.2 input parameters, by Ohio 

a/q area, for use in developing the 2002 mobile inventories. See draft template below. The Ohio MPO 

travel demand models will be used to generate the 2002 VMT inputs to MOBILE. Thanks, DM 

DM 
31

IMPORTANT NOTICE: The following tables are not to be used for inventory purposes 

as the data is subject to change. For the current input table, contact Ohio EPA, Division 

of Air Pollution Control. 

Table 4-5 Mobile Inputs 

Cleveland-Akron 2005 Ozone M6.2 Inputs 

Includes the following counties: 

Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina, Portage, Summit 

 

State Programs 

Input 

 

Stage II Refueling 93/3/86/86 

 

Anti-tampering Programs 96/78/50/22222/21111111/1/12/098./12111112 

I/M Programs Yes 

Exclude Ashtabula County - No I/M program 

Program 1 2004 2050 2 T/O OBD I/M 

Model Years 1 1996 2050 

Vehicles 1 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 1 30.0 

Compliance 1 98.0 

Waiver Rates 1 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 1 25 

Grace Period 1 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 2 2004 2050 2 T/O EVAP OBD & GC 

Model Years 2 1996 2050 

Vehicles 2 22222 11111111 1 

Stringency 

Compliance 2 98.0 

Waiver Rates 2 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 2 25 

Grace Period 2 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 3 2001 2003 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 
32

Model Years 3 1996 2003 

Vehicles 3 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 3 30.0 

Compliance 3 98.0 

Waiver Rates 3 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 3 25 

Grace Period 3 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 4 2001 2050 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 

Model Years 4 1975 1995 

Vehicles 4 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 4 30.0 

Compliance 4 98.0 

Waiver Rates 4 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 4 25 

Grace Period 4 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 5 1998 2000 2 T/O LOADED/IDLE 

Model Years 5 1975 2000 

Vehicles 5 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 5 30.0 

Compliance 5 98.0 

Waiver Rates 5 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 5 25 

Grace Period 5 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 6 1996 1997 2 T/O IM240 

Model Years 6 1975 1997 

Vehicles 6 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 6 30.0 

Compliance 6 98.0 

Waiver Rates 6 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 6 CUTPOINT.D 

Exemption Age 6 25 

Grace Period 6 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 
33

 

Program 7 1996 2050 2 T/O GC 

Model Years 7 1975 1995 

Vehicles 7 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 

Compliance 7 98.0 

Waiver Rates 7 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 7 25 

Grace Period 7 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Fuel Commands 

 

Fuel Program 1 

 

Oxygenated Fuels 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.036 2 

 

Fuel RVP 9 

 

Alternative Emission Regulations and Control Measures 

Rebuild Effects 0.1 

 

External Conditions Commands 

 

Calendar Year 2005 

 

Evaluation Month 7 

 

Min/Max Temperature National Climatic Data Center 

 

Vehicle Fleet Characteristic Commands 

 

Registration Distribution Variable 

 
34

Cincinnati-Dayton-Springfield 2005 Ozone M6.2 Inputs 

Includes the following counties: 

Ohio: Butler, Clark, Clermont, Clinton, Greene, Hamilton, Miami, Montgomery, 

Warren

Indiana: Lawrenceburg Twp., Dearborn County

Kentucky: Boone, Campbell and Kenton counties

State Programs 

Input 

Note: Indiana and Kentucky inputs may not coincide with Ohio inputs 

 

Stage II Refueling 93/3/86/86 

 

Anti-tampering Programs 96/78/05/22222/21111111/1/12/098./12111112 

I/M Programs Yes 

Excludes Clinton Co. and Miami Co., OH, Dearborn County, IN - No I/M program 

Note: I/M inputs for Kentucky counties are not included 

Program 1 2004 2050 2 T/O OBD I/M 

Model Years 1 1996 2050 

Vehicles 1 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 1 30.0 

Compliance 1 98.0 

Waiver Rates 1 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 1 25 

Grace Period 1 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 2 2004 2050 2 T/O EVAP OBD & GC 

Model Years 2 1996 2050 

Vehicles 2 22222 11111111 1 

Stringency 

Compliance 2 98.0 

Waiver Rates 2 1.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 2 25 

Grace Period 2 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 3 2001 2003 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 

Model Years 3 1996 2003 

Vehicles 3 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 3 30.0 

Compliance 3 98.0 
35

Waiver Rates 3 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 3 25 

Grace Period 3 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 4 2001 2050 2 T/O ASM 2525 PHASE-IN 

Model Years 4 1975 1995 

Vehicles 4 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 4 30.0 

Compliance 4 98.0 

Waiver Rates 4 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 4 25 

Grace Period 4 4 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 5 1998 2000 2 T/O LOADED/IDLE 

Model Years 5 1975 2000 

Vehicles 5 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 5 30.0 

Compliance 5 98.0 

Waiver Rates 5 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 5 25 

Grace Period 5 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 6 1996 1997 2 T/O IM240 

Model Years 6 1975 1997 

Vehicles 6 22222 21111111 1 

Stringency 6 30.0 

Compliance 6 98.0 

Waiver Rates 6 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 6 CUTPOINT.D 

Exemption Age 6 25 

Grace Period 6 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

Program 7 1996 2050 2 T/O GC 

Model Years 7 1975 1995 

Vehicles 7 22222 21111111 1 
36

Stringency 

Compliance 7 98.0 

Waiver Rates 7 3.0 1.0 

Cutpoints 

Exemption Age 7 25 

Grace Period 7 2 

NO TTC Credits 

Effectiveness 

DESC file 

 

 

Fuel Commands 

 

Fuel Program 1 

 

Oxygenated Fuels 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.036 2 

 

Fuel RVP 9 

 

Alternative Emission Regulations and Control Measures 

Rebuild Effects 0.1 

 

External Conditions Commands 

 

Calendar Year 2005 

 

Evaluation Month 7 

 

Min/Max Temperature National Climatic Data Center 

 

Vehicle Fleet Characteristic Commands 

 

Registration Distribution Variable 

 
37

 

Other Areas (excluding NOACA/AMATS and OKI/MVRPC) Ozone M6.2 

Inputs 

Includes the following counties: 

Ohio: Belmont, Columbiana, Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Jefferson, Knox, Licking,

Lucas,Madison, Mahoning, Pickaway, Trumball, Wood 

 

Fuel Commands 

Input 

 

Fuel Program 1 

Oxygenated Fuels 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.036 2 

Fuel RVP 9 

Alternative Emission Regulations and Control Measures 

 

Rebuild Effects 0.1 (0.30 for 2018) 

 

External Conditions Commands 

 

Calendar Year All 

 

Evaluation Month 7 

Min/Max Temperature National Climatic Data Center 

Vehicle Fleet Characteristic Commands 

Registration 

Distribution Variable 

4.5 Ohio’s Mobile Emission Data Processed by LADCO (Lake Michigan Air 

Director’s Consortium): 

2005 TDM and Mobile6 input data were provided to LADCO for processing. The data 

was processed by LADCO with T3 to prepare it as an input into the ConCEPT model. 

T3 and ConCEPT are described as follows. 
38

4.5.1 T3--Development of Link-Level Mobile Source Emission Inventories: 

Highly resolved emission inventories for on-road mobile sources are needed for air 

quality modeling to develop the necessary technical support for new State 

Implementation Plans (SIPs) for regional haze, fine particles, and ozone. Emissions for 

on-road motor vehicles are estimated using vehicle miles traveled, trip starts and ends, 

speed, and other activity data developed by State Agencies and Metropolitan Planning 

Organizations (MPOs) using transportation demand models (TDMs), and emission 

factors from EPA's MOBILE6 model. To support this modeling in the upper Midwest, 

ENVIRON, working with LADCO, State DOTs, and local MPOs, has developed a 

software tool (the TDM Transformation Tool, or "T3") that takes TDM output from 

approximately twenty transportation networks using a variety of models, applies 

appropriate data transformations, and outputs link- and county-level activity data in a 

uniform format for input to the CONCEPT emissions processing model (a new 

emissions processing model also developed with funding from LADCO). In a parallel 

effort, analyses of extensive automatic traffic recorder (ATR) data collected by State 

DOTs were conducted to develop temporal profiles (hour of day, day of week, and 

month of year) of vehicle counts and vehicle mix by roadway type for developing the 

detailed on-road emission inventories. 

T3 provides a conduit from the projections of traffic demand modelers regarding vehicle 

types, road networks, and vehicle activity to the activity data required by emissions 

modelers. The primary goals of T3 are to provide an easy mechanism for incorporating 

TDM model outputs in as "raw" a format as possible, while simultaneously providing a 

great degree of flexibility in representing the TDM projections in terms acceptable to 

most air quality models. These goals have been achieved through the use of a 

dimensional transformation approach, where the dimensions of the various 

transformations are user-defined - hence the name of the tool. 

By Stella Shepard, Alison K. Pollack, John Haasbeek, ENVIRON International 

Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Suite 220, Novato, CA. 94945 

& Mark Janssen, Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO), 2250 E. Devon 

Avenue # 250, Des Plaines, IL 60018, janssen@ladco.org 

4.5.2 ConCEPT--Consolidated Community Emissions Processing Tool an OpenSource Tool for the Emissions Modeling Community: 

The new CONCEPT (CONsolidated Community Emissions Processing Tool) 

Emissions Processor is now available for use by the emissions modeling community. 

Developed as joint project between Alpine Geophysics, LLC and ENVIRON Corporation, 

with Midwest RPO and joint RPO funding, the CONCEPT model combines the best 

attributes of current emissions modeling systems into an open source model highlighting 

the following features: 

• Open Source. Written primarily in PostgreSQL, the software required for running 
39

CONCEPT is in the public domain. The model itself is GNU Public License (GPL) 

compliant and users are encouraged to make additions and enhancements to the 

modeling system. 

• Transparent. The database structure of the model makes the system easy to 

understand, and the modeling codes themselves are extremely well documented to 

encourage user participation in the customizing the system for specific modeling 

requirements. 

• Quality Control. The CONCEPT model structure and implementation allows for 

multiple levels of QA analysis during every step of the emissions calculation process. 

Using the database structures, an emissions modeler can easily trace a process or 

facility and review the calculation procedures and assumptions for any emissions value. 

The CONCEPT model includes modules for the major emissions source 

categories: area source, point source, on-road motor vehicles, non-road motor vehicles 

and biogenic emissions, as well as a number of supporting modules, including spatial 

allocation factor development, speciation profile development, growth and control for 

point and area sources, and CEM point source emissions handling. The emissions 

modeling community has already begun development of additional CONCEPT support 

modules including CEM preprocessing software, graphical QA tools, and an interface to 

the traffic demand models for on-road motor vehicle emissions estimation. 

By Cyndi Loomis, James G. Wilkinson, Alpine Geophysics, LLC, & John Haasbeek, 

Alison Pollack, ENVIRON Corporation. & Mark Janssen, Lake Michigan Air Directors 

Consortium (LADCO), 2250 E. Devon Avenue # 250, Des Plaines, IL 60018, 

janssen@ladco.org 

4.5.3 LADCO Ohio Data Outputs for 2005: 

The following LADCO outputs and documents can be found at: 

www.ladco.org/tech/emis/net05/index.html 

Table 4-6 LADCO Data Output 

Sta

te Network

T3 

Descripti

on DOC

M6 

Inpu

ts

VM

T vs 

HP

MS 

Exc

el

Average 

Day 

VMT 

(this 

should 

match 

conformi

ty 

inventory

)

Co

unt

y 

Em

issi

on

s 

Re

por

t

All 

Pollut

ants 

After 

Speci

ation

Dropped 

VMT

M6 

Run 

Summ

ary

Pollut

ant 

Totals 

(Short

)

Raw 

Summ

ary 

(pol,ve

h, 

etype)

Hourly 

Tempo

ral 

Summ

ary

Hourly 

Veh 

Mix 

Summ

ary

Hourly 

Speed 

Summ

ary 

(with 

volum

e/ 

capaci

ty) 

OH AKRON AKRON OH OH AKRON 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
40

OH CANTON CANTON OH OH CANTON 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH CINCI CINCI OH OH CINCI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH CLEVE CLEVE OH OH CLEVE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH COLUMB

US

COLUMB

US OH OH COLUMBUS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH SPRING

FLD

SPRING

FLD OH OH SPRINGFLD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH TOLEDO TOLEDO OH OH TOLEDO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH YNGSTO

WN

YNGSTO

WN OH OH YNGSTOWN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OH STATEW

D

STATEW

D OH OH STATEWD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Additional Documents on LADCO Web Page: 

“Comparison to EPA's Default Model NMIM”

“How we Build the 2005 Vmt/Networks”

“Spreadsheet/Graphics on Vehicle Mix”

“Background on the T3 Tool “ 

4.6 MPO Contact Table 

Table 4-7 County Summary Table of MPOs by County 

FIPS County Model Network MPO Contact Person 

39001 Adams Statewide 

39003 Allen Statewide 

Lima Allen County Regional 

Planning Commission 

Tom Mazur 

39005 Ashland Statewide 

39007 Ashtabula Statewide 

39009 Athens Statewide 

39011 Auglaize Statewide 

39013 Belmont Statewide 

Bel-O-Mar Regional Council 

and Interstate Planning 

Commission 

Rakesh Sharma 

39015 Brown Statewide 

39017 Butler Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser 

39019 Carroll Statewide 

39021 Champaign Statewide 

39023 Clark Springfield 

Coordinating Committee of 

the Clark County-Springfield 

Eric Ottoson 
41

Transportation Study 

39025 Clermont Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser 

39027 Clinton Statewide 

39029 Columbiana Statewide 

39031 Coshocton Statewide 

39033 Crawford Statewide 

39035 Cuyahoga Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39037 Darke Statewide 

39039 Defiance Statewide 

39041 Delaware Columbus 

Mid-Ohio Regional Planning 

Commission 

Nick Gill 

39043 Erie Statewide 

39045 Fairfield Statewide 

39047 Fayette Statewide 

39049 Franklin Columbus 

Mid-Ohio Regional Planning 

Commission 

Nick Gill 

39051 Fulton Statewide 

39053 Gallia Statewide 

39055 Geauga Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39057 Greene Cincinnat/Dayton 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez 

39059 Guernsey Statewide 

39061 Hamilton Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser 

39063 Hancock Statewide 

39065 Hardin Statewide 

39067 Harrison Statewide 

39069 Henry Statewide 

39071 Highland Statewide 

39073 Hocking Statewide 

39075 Holmes Statewide 

39077 Huron Statewide 

39079 Jackson Statewide 

39081 Jefferson Statewide 

Brooke-Hancock-Jefferson 

Transportation Study Policy 

Committee 

Mike Proprocki 

39083 Knox Statewide 

39085 Lake Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39087 Lawrence Statewide 

KYOVA Interstate Planning 

Commission 

39089 Licking Columbus 

Licking County Area 

Transportation Study 

Matthew Hill 

39091 Logan Statewide 

39093 Lorain Cleveland Northeast Ohio Areawide Bill Davis 
42

Coordinating Agency 

39095 Lucas Toledo 

Toledo Metropolitan Area 

Council of Governments 

Sujatha Mohanakrishnan 

39097 Madison Statewide 

39099 Mahoning Youngstown 

Eastgate Regional Council 

of Governments 

R.P. Samulka 

39101 Marion Statewide 

39103 Medina Cleveland 

Northeast Ohio Areawide 

Coordinating Agency 

Bill Davis 

39105 Meigs Statewide 

39107 Mercer Statewide 

39109 Miami Cincinnat/Dayton 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez 

39111 Monroe Statewide 

39113 Montgomery Cincinnat/Dayton 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez 

39115 Morgan Statewide 

39117 Morrow Statewide 

39119 Muskingum Statewide 

39121 Noble Statewide 

39123 Ottawa Statewide 

39125 Paulding Statewide 

39127 Perry Statewide 

39129 Pickaway Statewide 

39131 Pike Statewide 

39133 Portage Akron 

Akron Metropolitan Area 

Transportation Study 

Jason Segedy 

39135 Preble Statewide 

39137 Putnam Statewide 

39139 Richland Statewide 

Richland County Regional 

Planning Commission 

John Adams 

39141 Ross Statewide 

39143 Sandusky Statewide 

39145 Scioto Statewide 

39147 Seneca Statewide 

39149 Shelby Statewide 

39151 Stark Canton 

Stark County Regional 

Planning Commission 

Dan Slicker 

39153 Summit Akron 

Akron Metropolitan Area 

Transportation Study 

Jason Segedy 

39155 Trumbull 

Youngstown (partial 

county model 

coverage) 

Eastgate Regional Council 

of Governments 

R.P. Samulka 

39157 Tuscarawas Statewide 

39159 Union Statewide 

39161 Van Wert Statewide 

39163 Vinton Statewide 

39165 Warren Cincinnat/Dayton 

Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 

Regional Council of 

Governments 

Andy Reser, OKI 

+ 
43

+ 

Miami Valley Regional 

Planning Commission 

Ana Ramirez, MVRPC 

39167 Washington Statewide 

Wood-Washington-Wirt 

Interstate Planning 

Commission 

39169 Wayne Statewide 

39171 Williams Statewide 

39173 Wood Toledo 

Toledo Metropolitan Area 

Council of Governments 

Sujatha Mohanakrishnan 

39175 Wyandot Statewide 

NOTE: Complete MPO information can be found at, 

www.dot.state.oh.us/urban/mpomap.htm and at 

www.dot.state.oh.us/urban/mpolist.htm#Cleveland . 

SECTION 5

MARINE, AIRCRAFT and RAIL (MAR) SOURCES 

MAR sources are non-road sources which are significant enough in terms of emissions 

to be considered separately from the rest of the non-road sources. The MAR inventory 

consists of commercial marines, aircraft and locomotive sources. The marine and 

locomotive inventory is generated by Environ1

 under contract with LADCO and the 

aircraft inventory is generated by Ohio EPA. 

5.1 Marine Vessel Sources 

The approach to commercial marine emission estimates needed to be flexible because 

the activity data was available in many formats. Emission estimates were determined 

either by multiplying engine power, load factor, hours per year of operation, or on the 

basis of the number of gallons of fuel consumed. 

Emissions were determined for ten subclasses of vessel types: Deep draft vessels 

(DDV) at port, DDV mid-late, push boats (rivers/lakes), tugs, ferries, other special 

(excursion) vessels, support vessels, dredges, commercial fishing, and military vessels 

(Coast Guard). These were linked to various Ohio lakes and rivers. 

Because of the large variety of methodologies employed, inventory tables for the ten 

subcategories are detailed in the complete inventory prepared and published by 

ENVIRON International Corporation: LADCO 2005 COMMERCIAL MARINE 

EMISSIONS, by Christian E. Lindhjem, March, 2007. 

Emission totals produced by ENVIRON were provided to LADCO to submit to EPA for 

Ohio’s State Implementation Plan (SIP). 
44

5.2 Rail Sources 

The primary activity unit used to determine emissions is gallons of fuel consumed. 

Emission rates were derived from EPA documents provided as support documentation 

for the 1997 locomotive emission standards (EPA, 1997). Gallons of fuel consumed 

were based on rail activity. 

Rail activity was broken down into four Source Category Codes (SCC). Class I, linehaul rail: Large interstate railroad companies like Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern. 

Class I,II, III, switching rail: Yard operations. Class II, III line haul: Regional and local 

railroads. And Passenger rail: AMTRAK. 

Class I, line-haul represents 84.3% of fuel used and the largest emission’s category. 

The complete emission’s inventory was prepared and published by ENVIRON 

International Corporation: LADCO 2005 LOCOMOTIVE EMISSIONS, by Christian E. 

Lindhjem, February, 2007. 

Emission totals produced by ENVIRON were provided to LADCO to submit to EPA for 

Ohio’s State Implementation Plan (SIP). 

EPA. 1997: "Locomotive Emission Standards." Regulatory Support Document, United States 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, April. And EPA 1997, Emission Factors for 

Locomotives," Environmental Protection Agency, EPA420-F-97-051, December. 

5.3 Aircraft Sources 

INTRODUCTION: 

 The aircraft emission’s inventory is derived by taking the number of Landings and 

Take Offs (LTOs) per year and multiplying by an emission factor. In the Ohio inventory 

when specific aircraft models and engine type emission factors are known they were 

used. For the rest of the inventory the emission factors came from USEPA’s fleet 

average emissions data. Those results are then compiled as tons per year per pollutant 

by county. The following describes the components, methodology, and concludes with 

a description of an Access based aircraft emission calculator. 

COMPONENTS: 

 I. Ohio Airports: 

 A list of both towered and non-towered airports in Ohio is obtained from the Ohio 

Department of Transportation. See: www.dot.state.oh.us/aviation/ In conversation 

with ODOT two individuals stated that the 164 airports listed covered over 90% of the 

airports in Ohio. See Table 1. 
45

 II. Number of Operations/LTOs by Airport/County: 

 The ODOT list contained the number of operations a year per airport. An 

operation is either a landing or a take-off. A Landing and Take Off (LTO) is required for 

FAA EDMS calculations. LTOs were derived simply by dividing the number of 

operations by two. These were totaled by county. 

Table 5-1 Number of operations and LTOs for 2005

County Airport Name ID Total Operations LTOs/Year 

Adams Alexander Salamon AMT 5210 2605 

Allen Allen County AOH 32500 16250 

Ashland Ashland County 3G4 49240 24620 

Ashtabula Ashtabula County HZY 16886 8443 

Ashtabula Germack 7D9 840 420 

Athens Ohio University UNI 51600 25800 

Auglaize Neil Armstrong AXV 29456 14728 

Belmont Barnesville-Bradfield 6G5 10150 5075 

Belmont Alderman 2P7 6150 3075 

Brown Brown County GEO 5157 2578.5 

Butler Butler County Regional HAO 61687 30843.5 

Butler Hook Field Municipal MWO 40050 20025 

Butler Miami University OXD 16708 8354 

Carroll Carroll County -Tolson TSO 34950 17475 

Carroll Parsons 5D6 2674 1337 

Champaign Grimes Field I74 23480 11740 

Champaign Weller 38I 300 150 

Clark Springfield-Beckley Municipal SGH 64033 32016.5 

Clark Mad River I54 15350 7675 

Clermont Clermont County I69 35741 17870.5 

Clinton Airborne Airpark ILN 52000 26000 

Clinton Clinton Field I66 29360 14680 

Clinton Hollister Field 2B6 161 80.5 

Columbiana Columbiana County Ø2G 31146 15573 

Columbiana Koons 8G8 2546 1273 

Coshocton Richard Downing I4Ø 19550 9775 

Coshocton Tri-City 8ØG 8085 4042.5 

Crawford Port Bucyrus 17G 24871 12435.5 

Crawford Galion Municipal GQQ 5216 2608 

Cuyahoga Burke Lakefront BKL 97100 48550 

Cuyahoga Cleveland-Hopkins International CLE 234356 117178 

Cuyahoga Cuyahoga County CGF 79774 39887 

Darke Darke County VES 9238 4619 

Defiance Defiance Memorial DFI 9130 4565 

Delaware Delaware Municipal DLZ 39300 19650 

Delaware Packer 5E9 3181 1590.5 

Erie Hinde 88D 1350 675 

Erie Kelleys Island 89D 25495 12747.5 

Erie Griffing-Sandusky SKY 112100 56050 
46

Erie Wakeman I64 17324 8662 

Fairfield Miller's Farm 7B4 360 180 

Fairfield Fairfield County LHQ 43066 21533 

Fayette Fayette County I23 29405 14702.5 

Franklin Ohio State University OSU 134459 67229.5 

Franklin Port Columbus International CMH 218438 109219 

Franklin Rickenbacker International LCK 96200 48100 

Franklin Bolton Field TZR 69149 34574.5 

Franklin Columbus Southwest Ø4I 11833 5916.5 

Franklin Darby Dan 6I6 11260 5630 

Fulton Fulton County USE 21123 10561.5 

Gallia Gallia-Meigs Regional GAS 12200 6100 

Geauga Gates 7D8 4200 2100 

Geauga Geauga County 7G8 5350 2675 

Greene Greene County - Lewis A. Jackson I19 37400 18700 

Greene Bloom 14I 100 50 

Guernsey Cambridge Municipal CDI 6040 3020 

Hamilton Lunken LUK 129430 64715 

Hamilton Blue Ash ISZ 35000 17500 

Hamilton Cincinnati West I67 30197 15098.5 

Hancock Bluffton 5G7 71980 35990 

Hancock Findlay FDY 19800 9900 

Hancock Priebe 7D5 3850 1925 

Hardin Ada ØD7 331 165.5 

Hardin Hardin County I95 6562 3281 

Hardin Elliott's Landing O74 1560 780 

Harrison Harrison County 8G6 11900 5950 

Henry Henry County 7W5 15637 7818.5 

Highland Highland County HOC 18325 9162.5 

Holmes Holmes County 1ØG 21400 10700 

Huron Huron County 5A1 10100 5050 

Huron Willard 8G1 2715 1357.5 

Jackson James A. Rhodes I43 6053 3026.5 

Jefferson Jefferson County Airpark 2G2 15969 7984.5 

Jefferson Eddie Dew Memorial 1G8 3540 1770 

Knox Knox County 4I3 20150 10075 

Knox Wynkoop 6G4 4691 2345.5 

Lake Concord Airpark 2G1 4510 2255 

Lake Willoughby Lost Nation Municipal LNN 45085 22542.5 

Lawrence Lawrence County Airpark HTW 41910 20955 

Licking Newark-Heath VTA 12457 6228.5 

Logan Bellefontaine Regional EDJ 8325 4162.5 

Lorain Columbia 4G8 5150 2575 

Lorain Elyria 1G1 14300 7150 

Lorain Lagrange 92D 1155 577.5 

Lorain Lorain County Regional LPR 62000 31000 

Lorain Reader-Botsford Airfield 67D 18700 9350 

Lucas Toledo Express TOL 94600 47300 
47

Madison Madison County UYF 41410 20705 

Mahoning Salem Airpark 38D 16920 8460 

Mahoning Tri-City 3G6 10555 5277.5 

Mahoning Elser Metro 4G4 49232 24616 

Mahoning Lansdowne Ø4G 750 375 

Marion Marion Municipal MNN 42650 21325 

Medina Medina Municipal 1G5 79685 39842.5 

Medina Wadsworth Municipal 3G3 41025 20512.5 

Medina Weltzien Skypark 15G 79130 39565 

Mercer Lakefield CQA 16212 8106 

Miami Hartzell Field I17 10200 5100 

Miami Troy Skypark 37I 4264 2132 

Miami Waco Field 1WF 0 0 

Monroe Monroe County 4G5 3324 1662 

Montgomery Brookville Air-Park I62 29359 14679.5 

Montgomery James M. Cox Dayton Intl DAY 134524 67262 

Montgomery Dayton Wright Brothers MGY 89045 44522.5 

Montgomery Moraine Airpark I73 12938 6469 

Montgomery Dahio Trotwood I44 1853 926.5 

Montgomery Phillipsburg 3I7 68000 34000 

Morgan Morgan County I71 5725 2862.5 

Morrow Morrow County 4I9 19108 9554 

Muskingum Zanesville Municipal ZZV 33312 16656 

Muskingum Parr 42I 16150 8075 

Noble Noble County - Mike Brienza Field I1Ø 5950 2975 

Ottawa Middle Bass-East Point 3W9 1300 650 

Ottawa Middle Bass Island 3T7 6500 3250 

Ottawa North Bass Island 3X5 1000 500 

Ottawa Carl R. Keller Field PCW 20890 10445 

Ottawa Put-In-Bay 3W2 15140 7570 

Paulding Paulding 2H8 2100 1050 

Perry Crooksville I84 400 200 

Perry Perry County I86 4550 2275 

Pickaway Pickaway County CYO 35450 17725 

Pickaway Clarks Dream Strip Ø3I 2770 1385 

Pike Pike County EOP 2012 1006 

Portage Freedom Air Field 7D6 1623 811.5 

Portage Farview 86D 3353 1676.5 

Portage Mills 7E3 1050 525 

Portage Portage County 29G 9621 4810.5 

Putnam Ruhe's R47 13250 6625 

Putnam Putnam County OWX 11910 5955 

Putnam Ohio Dusting Co. 6C2 2995 1497.5 

Richland Mansfield Lahm Regional MFD 57518 28759 

Richland Shelby Community 12G 2012 1006 

Ross Ross County RZT 50150 25075 

Sandusky Fremont 14G 37450 18725 

Sandusky Sandusky County Regional S24 6148 3074 
48

Scioto Greater Portsmouth Regional PMH 45830 22915 

Seneca Bandit Field 5D9 140 70 

Seneca Fostoria Metropolitan FZI 7900 3950 

Seneca Weiker 82D 320 160 

Seneca Seneca County 16G 60165 30082.5 

Shelby Sidney Municipal I12 20500 10250 

Stark Barber 2D1 13750 6875 

Stark Miller Airport 4G3 8000 4000 

Stark Beach City 2D7 6112 3056 

Summit Akron Fulton International AKR 26000 13000 

Summit Akron-Canton Regional CAK 120441 60220.5 

Summit Mayfield 1D4 450 225 

Summit Kent State University 1G3 72500 36250 

Trumbull Braceville 41N 425 212.5 

Trumbull Warren 62D 14738 7369 

Trumbull Youngstown-Warren Regional YNG 98298 49149 

Tuscarawas Harry Clever Field PHD 54880 27440 

Union Union County MRT 31886 15943 

Van Wert Van Wert County VNW 20516 10258 

Vinton Vinton County 22I 5225 2612.5 

Warren Warren County I68 24951 12475.5 

Warren Red Stewart Airfield 4ØI 16800 8400 

Wayne Wayne County BJJ 96520 48260 

Williams Williams County ØG6 10010 5005 

Wood Wood County 1GØ 27405 13702.5 

Wood Bordner 3D8 2200 1100 

Wood Deshler Municipal 6D7 2000 1000 

Wood Metcalf TDZ 90700 45350 

Wyandot Wyandot County 56D 7410 3705 

III. Aircraft Models and Number of LTO/yr: 

Specific aircraft models by airport (generally the larger airports) is obtained from “Table 

7” provided by the United States Department of Transportation, Office of Airline 

Information. This provided the number of LTO’s for each aircraft model per year per 

airport. 

Table 2. Sample from “Table 7.” This is the all community total of aircraft models for 

the Akron/Canton area. “All Service” departures were used as the number of LTOs per 

year for that model. Listed in the original table are aircraft model by airport and number 

of services/LTOs. 

 
49

TOTAL DEPARTURES PERFORMD

Aircraft Scheduled Non-Sched All 

Model Service Service Service 

A-318 1 1 

A319 384 384 

BOEING 717-200 3850 3850 

BOEING 727-100 1 1 

BOEING 727-200 5 5 

BOEING 737-100/200 74 74 

BOEING 737-200C 3 3 6 

BOEING 737-300 2 2 

BOEING 737-700/LR 212 212 

BOEING 737-800 5 5 

BOEING 757-200 4 4 

BOEING 767-300/ER 4 4 

CANADAIR RJ-100/ER 542 3 545 

CANADAIR RJ-700 2881 2881 

CONVAIR CV-580 3 3 

DASSAULT FALCON 7 7 

DHC8-100 DASH 8 2 2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-15F 13 13 

DOUGLAS DC-9-30 6 6 

EMBRAER-145 144 144 

RJ-200ER/RJ-440 5519 5519 

SAAB-FAIRCHD 340/B 1804 1804 

ALL TYPES 15342 130 15472 

IV. Emission Factors: 

 Where there was specific aircraft model data the emission factors were derived 

using the FAA’s Emission Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). EDMS is a combined 

emissions and dispersion model for assessing air quality at civilian airports and military 

air bases. The model was developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 

cooperation with the United States Air Force (USAF). The model is used to produce an 

inventory of emissions generated by sources on and around the airport or air base, and 

to calculate pollutant concentrations in these environments. 
50

Table 5-2 EDMS Aircraft Emissions 

Emissions provided by Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. (The few 

aircraft in Ohio not included in the table had emissions derived by EDMS 5.0 in-house.) 

EDMS Aircraft Emissions/LTO by Aircraft Type 

EDMS 4.5 Emissions Inventory Report of 2005 Aircraft Inventory Emissions Factors

 

Year 2005 Lbs Emitted Per LTO 

Aircraft Type CO NOx HC VOC SO2 PM2.5 PM10 

A- 318 19.8 18.7 4.0 4.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 

A-300-600/R/CF/RCF 27.1 56.4 2.0 2.2 4.0 0.2 0.2 

A-300B/C/F-100/200 30.2 52.5 3.5 3.7 3.3 0.2 0.2 

A-310-200C/F 32.6 52.5 7.3 7.9 3.3 0.2 0.2 

A-319 19.8 18.7 4.0 4.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 

A320-100/200 13.7 19.8 1.3 1.3 1.8 0.2 0.2 

A-321 16.8 36.8 3.1 3.3 2.2 0.0 0.0 

A-330-200 29.8 61.5 0.4 0.4 4.4 0.2 0.2 

AVROLINER RJ85 24.7 9.5 2.9 3.3 1.3 0.2 0.2 

BAE-146-300 24.7 9.0 3.1 3.3 1.3 0.2 0.2 

BEECH 1900 A/B/C 11.0 1.1 3.3 3.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 

BEECH KINGAIR C90 1.8 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 

717-200 11.7 23.4 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 

727-100 21.4 23.1 4.6 5.1 2.9 0.4 0.4 

727-100C/QC 44.5 19.8 4.6 5.1 2.4 1.1 1.1 

727-200 19.6 27.3 2.9 3.1 3.3 1.1 1.1 

737-100/200 14.1 16.1 2.2 2.4 2.0 0.7 0.7 

737-200C 13.9 17.4 6.8 7.5 2.0 0.9 0.9 

737-300 28.7 15.9 1.8 2.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 

737-400 26.5 18.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 

737-500 24.7 21.2 1.3 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 

737-700/LR 17.6 20.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 0.4 0.4 

737-800 15.7 27.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.7 0.7 

737-900 15.7 27.1 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.7 0.7 

747-100 252.6 108.5 106.7 116.8 7.1 0.4 0.4 

747-200/300 60.6 104.7 7.1 7.7 6.8 0.7 0.7 

747-400 67.0 105.6 5.7 6.4 7.3 0.7 0.7 

757-200 24.7 35.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 0.4 0.4 

757-300 27.1 33.1 0.4 0.4 3.1 0.2 0.2 

767-200/ER 32.6 52.5 7.3 7.9 3.3 0.2 0.2 

767-300/ER 32.0 62.2 2.6 2.9 4.0 0.4 0.4 

777 32.8 85.1 5.1 5.7 4.4 0.4 0.4 

CANADAIR RJ100/ER 16.3 4.9 1.5 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 

CANADAIR RJ-700 12.6 9.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 

CESSNA 208 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

CONVAIR CV-580 36.2 0.9 8.8 9.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 

DASSAULT FALCON 13.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 

DHC8-100 DASH 8 5.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 

DORNIER 328 JET 1.3 6.6 11.9 12.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-10-10 102.5 76.7 38.6 42.1 4.2 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-10-30 45.4 78.7 5.3 5.7 5.1 0.4 0.4 
51

DOUGLAS DC-10-40 131.8 81.8 30.2 33.1 6.0 0.7 0.7 

DOUGLAS DC-8-63 263.5 25.6 219.1 239.9 4.2 5.1 5.1 

DOUGLAS DC-8-71 53.6 34.6 3.1 3.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-8-73 53.6 34.6 3.1 3.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 

DOUGLAS DC-9-10 14.1 14.6 3.7 4.0 1.8 0.2 0.2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-15F 14.1 14.6 3.7 4.0 1.8 0.2 0.2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-30 14.1 14.6 3.7 4.0 1.8 0.2 0.2 

DOUGLAS DC-9-40 39.7 16.5 10.8 11.9 2.0 1.3 1.3 

DOUGLAS DC-9-50 12.6 20.1 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.9 0.9 

EMBRAER-135 12.8 5.5 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 

EMBRAER-140 13.7 6.0 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 

EMBRAER-145 6.4 6.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 

EMBRAER-170 9.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 

F28-4000/6000 76.7 10.4 77.2 84.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 

JETSTREAM 41 4.6 2.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 

L-101101/100/200 33.3 112.0 6.2 6.8 5.7 1.3 1.3 

LEAR-25 75.2 0.7 7.9 8.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 

LOCKHEED L100-30 48.7 9.9 19.6 21.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 

MD-11 47.8 93.3 4.0 4.4 6.0 0.7 0.7 

MD-80, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 16.3 20.3 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.2 0.2 

MD-90 12.1 23.8 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 

RJ-200ER/RJ-440 16.3 4.9 1.5 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 

SAAB-FAIRCHD 340/B 4.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 

NOTE: Where specific aircraft model data was not available fleet emissions were used. 

EPA default fleet average emission factors were taken from “Documentation for Aircraft, 

Commercial Marine Vessel, ,Locomotive, and Other Non-road Components of the 

National Emissions Inventory. 2005, see Appendix A, Aircraft Emission Estimation 

Methodology.” Specific model LTOs were subtracted from county LTO totals to 

eliminate double counting those LTOs. 

Table 5-3 Fleet Emission Factor Categories 

Fleet emission factors were broken down into three categories. Itinerant General, Local 

General, and Military. 

Table 5-3a Fleet Average Emission Factors for Itinerant General Aircraft. 

(Taken from : Table A-5) 

Pollutant Emission Factors (lbs/LTO) 

HC 1.234 

NOx 0.158 

CO 28.13 

SOx 0.015 

PM10 0.60333 

Note: Air taxi HC emissions * VOC/HC (0.9914) conversion factor = air taxi VOC estimate

 
52

Table 5-3b Fleet Average Emission Factors for Local General Aircraft. 

(Taken From: Table A-11) 

Pollutant Emission Factors (lbs/LTO) 

HC 0.394 

NOx 0.065 

CO 12.014 

SOx 0.01 

PM10 0.2367 

Note: GA HC emissions * VOC/HC(0.9708) conversion factor = GA VOC estimate 

Table 5-3c Fleet Average Emission Factors for Military Aircraft. 

(Taken from: Table A-17) 

Pollutant Emission Factors (lbs/LTO

HC 1.234 

NOx 0.158 

CO 28.13 

SOx 0.015 

PM10 0.60333 

Note: Military HC emissions * VOC/HC(1.1046) conversion factor = Military VOC estimate 

METHODOLOGY 

Introduction 

The following information was considered in the development of emission estimates: 

1. Commercial scheduled and non-scheduled aircraft air carrier activity and 

commercial air freight activity by aircraft model types, 

2. General aviation and air taxi annual local and itinerant operations for year 2005, 

3. Military annual local and itinerant operations for year 2005. 

Due to the need to have aircraft operations information expressed as landing/take off 

(LTO) cycles, the following assumptions were made: 

1. For commercial aircraft and commercial air freight activity, the number of annual 

aircraft annual LTO cycles was assumed to be equal to the number of 
53

departures. The daily LTO cycle frequency was then obtained by dividing the 

yearly LTO cycles by 365. 

 

2. For general aircraft annual local and itinerant airport operations, each respective 

operations total was divided by 2 to obtain the corresponding year local and 

itinerant LTO cycles. The expected daily local and itinerant LTO cycles then 

were obtained by dividing these annual totals by 365. 

3. For military annual local and itinerant operations, each respective operations total 

was divided by 2 to obtain the corresponding year local and itinerant LTO cycles. 

The expected military daily local and itinerant LTO cycles then were obtained by 

dividing these annual totals by 365. 

Airport LTO cycles were further categorized into commercial aircraft by plane and 

engine type, general aviation itinerant aircraft of unknown aircraft type, general aviation 

local aircraft of unknown aircraft type, and military aircraft. This was necessary in order 

to utilize the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration EDMS 

Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System. Commercial and air freight aircraft 

emission factors per LTO cycle were determined using EDMS for each commercial 

aircraft type models where possible were used at each towered airport. Default 

commercial aircraft engine type, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) default 

time in mode values for takeoff, approach, and landing roll times were used in the 

EDMS model simulations. 

For those aircraft types that could not be determined using the EDMS emissions model, 

aircraft emission factors based upon EPA alternative fleet average procedures were 

then used to estimate their emissions. These included general aviation and air taxi 

itinerant aircraft of unknown aircraft type, general aviation local aircraft of unknown 

aircraft type, and military aircraft. Conversion from total hydrocarbons to volatile organic 

compounds was performed and based upon the EPA guidance. 

APPROACH 

1. A list of more than 90% of the airports was obtained from the Ohio Department of 

Transportation. These were classed by airport, county, aircraft flight classification, and 

the total number of operations per year. 

2. The number of operations (a landing or a take off) were then divided by two giving 

the number of LTOs per year per airport. These airports were combined by county for 

the total number of LTOs per year, per county. 

3. In dialog with ODOT it was determined that the following Ohio flight groups of aircraft 

be combined to match the three categories used by the USEPA in calculating 

emissions. 
54

Itinerant (General, air carrier, commuter, air taxi, general aviation itinerant) 

Local (General aviation local) 

Military (Military) 

4. LTOs for specific models of aircraft per airport were taken from the FAA Table 7. 

See Table 2 above. These were then combined to give the number of LTOs per aircraft 

model per county. Specific model LTOs were subtracted from county totals to avoid 

double counting those LTOs. 

5. Emission factors were determined from the FAA’s EDMS program for specific aircraft 

model and engine type. See IV. Emission factors above. The aircraft emission table 

provided by Michigan has the emission factors for most of the aircraft flown in Ohio. . 

Where specific aircraft model data was not available USEPA average fleet emissions 

were used. 

6. Emission factors times LTOs by county yielded tons per year per county. 

Table 5-4 Pollutant by County (Sample)

County POLLUTANT ACTIVITY(LTOS/YEAR) ACTIVITY(LTOS/DAY) EMISSIONS(TON/YEAR) 

ADAMS CO 2605 7.136986 24.552325 

ADAMS HC 2605 7.136986 0.977285 

ADAMS NOX 2605 7.136986 0.136045 

ADAMS PM10-PRI 2605 7.136986 0.513114825 

ADAMS PM25-PRI 2605 7.136986 0 

ADAMS SOX 2605 7.136986 0.0157875 

ADAMS VOC 2605 7.136986 0.96314234 

ALLEN CO 16250 44.52055 147.945065 

ALLEN HC 16250 44.52055 5.841097 

ALLEN NOX 16250 44.52055 0.827189 

ALLEN PM10-PRI 16250 44.52055 3.081191265 

ALLEN PM25-PRI 16250 44.52055 0 

ALLEN SOX 16250 44.52055 0.0984575 

ALLEN VOC 16250 44.52055 5.769568254 

ASHLAND CO 24620 67.45205 173.67794 

ASHLAND HC 24620 67.45205 6.19414 

ASHLAND NOX 24620 67.45205 0.94895 

ASHLAND PM10-PRI 24620 67.45205 3.532515 

ASHLAND PM25-PRI 24620 67.45205 0 

ASHLAND SOX 24620 67.45205 0.1311 

ASHLAND VOC 24620 67.45205 6.07175247 

ASHTABULA CO 8863 24.28219 78.115087 

ASHTABULA HC 8863 24.28219 3.042551 

ASHTABULA NOX 8863 24.28219 0.431593 
55

ASHTABULA PM10-PRI 8863 24.28219 1.623493455 

ASHTABULA PM25-PRI 8863 24.28219 0 

ASHTABULA SOX 8863 24.28219 0.0520325 

ASHTABULA VOC 8863 24.28219 2.99420213 

ATHENS CO 25800 70.68493 196.874985 

ATHENS HC 25800 70.68493 7.267183 

ATHENS NOX 25800 70.68493 1.081521 

ATHENS PM10-PRI 25800 70.68493 4.037266335 

ATHENS PM25-PRI 25800 70.68493 0 

ATHENS SOX 25800 70.68493 0.1420925 

ATHENS VOC 25800 70.68493 7.128180006 

7. Emissions were then summed by pollutants in each county by SCC aircraft category 

type so data could be provided to LADCO in the EPA prescribed NEI – NIF format. 

DATA ERROR 

The first aircraft emission inventory submitted to LADCO in April, 2007 contained an 

error. The inventory submitted in May, 2007 has the error corrected. The error was the 

result of a carry-over function in Access that picked up the number of operations as 

instead of LTOs....which made the inventory exactly twice as large as what it really was. 

ACCESS CALCULATOR 

Introduction: 

Our database programmer set up Access application to calculate Ohio’s aircraft 

emission inventory, and export those results to Excel. His utility allows for easy 

modification of the aircraft data to match future data scenarios. Output to Excel also 

allows for additional data manipulation and importation. 
56

Interface: 

Through this interface the following sets of data can be edited/updated: Airport activity, 

emission factors, specific airport emissions, state/county FIPS, detailed aircraft 

information, airport information, and aircraft SCCs. Once the final emissions have been 

calculated and summed, then the data can be export via the export function on the Main 

Menu. 
ATTACHMENT C 
CENTRAL OHIO ON-ROAD MOBILE EMISSION ESTIMATES

PREPARED FOR 

OHIO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

CENTRAL OHIO RE-DESIGNATION REQUEST FOR THE 

PM 2.5 STANDARD

Franklin, Delaware, Licking, Fairfield, and Coshocton 

(Franklin Twp) County Areas

MAY, 2011

Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission

111 Liberty Street

Columbus, Ohio 43215

614-228-2663

www.morpc.org
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates ii May, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND...........................................................................................................1

1.1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................1

1.2 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................................1

1.3 GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................................2

2.0 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS .........................................................................................................................3

2.1 ANALYSIS YEARS ..................................................................................................................................................3

2.2 GENERAL METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................................................3

2.3 TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL.....................................................................................................................................3

2.3.1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES ...................................................................................................................................4

2.3.2 MODEL NETWORKS..............................................................................................................................................4

2.3.3 LOADED HIGHWAY NETWORKS............................................................................................................................7

2.3.4 INTRAZONAL TRIPS..............................................................................................................................................7

2.4 EMISSION FACTOR GENERATION ............................................................................................................................7

2.5.1 AREAS WITH REGIONAL MODEL.........................................................................................................................22

2.5.2 AREAS WITHOUT REGIONAL MODEL ..................................................................................................................24

3.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS ............................................................................................................................25

3.1.1 AREAS WITHIN THE REGIONAL TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL.................................................................................25

3.1.2 AREA PARTIALLY WITHIN THE REGIONAL TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL.................................................................26

3.1.3 AREA OUTSIDE REGIONAL TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL ........................................................................................27

3.2 EMISSIONS SUMMARY FOR THE COLUMBUS PM 2.5 NON-ATTAINMENT AREA....................................................27

APPENDIX.................................................................................................................................................................29
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates iii May, 2011

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 – MOVES INPUTS............................................................................................................................................8

TABLE 2 – TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY DATA.........................................................................................10

TABLE 3 – RAMP FRACTIONS........................................................................................................................................10

TABLE 4 – SOURCE TYPE POPULATION FOR YEAR 2005 ...............................................................................................11

TABLE 5 – VEHICLE AGE DISTRIBUTION.......................................................................................................................12

TABLE 6 – ROAD TYPE DISTRIBUTION..........................................................................................................................16

TABLE 7 – YEARLY HPMS VMT FOR 2005 .................................................................................................................17

TABLE 8 – HOURLY VMT FRACTIONS..........................................................................................................................17

TABLE 9 – SAMPLE EMISSION FILE (RATE PER DISTANCE) FOR YEAR 2005 ..................................................................21

TABLE 10 – SAMPLE EMISSION FILE (RATE PER VEHICLE) FOR YEAR 2005 ..................................................................21

TABLE 11: EMISSION ESTIMATIONS FOR ON-ROAD MOBILE SOURCES - FRANKLIN COUNTY .......................................25

TABLE 12: EMISSION ESTIMATIONS FOR ON-ROAD MOBILE SOURCES - DELAWARE COUNTY .....................................25

TABLE 13: EMISSION ESTIMATIONS FOR ON-ROAD MOBILE SOURCES - LICKING COUNTY ..........................................25

TABLE 14A: EMISSION ESTIMATIONS FOR FAIRFIELD COUNTY WITHIN THE TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL AREA..............26

TABLE 14B: EMISSION ESTIMATIONS FOR FAIRFIELD COUNTY OUTSIDE OF THE TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL AREA- USING 

HPMS DATA .......................................................................................................................................................26

TABLE 14C: EMISSION ESTIMATIONS FOR FAIRFIELD COUNTY - SUM OF EMISSIONS FROM BOTH THE TRAVEL DEMAND 

MODEL AREA AS WELL AS THE HPMS AREA .......................................................................................................26

TABLE 15: EMISSION ESTIMATIONS FOR FRANKLIN TWP IN COSHOCTON COUNTY – USING ONLY HPMS....................27

TABLE 16: PM 2.5 EMISSION INVENTORY SUMMARY - BASE YEAR 2005, ATTAINMENT YEAR 2008, INTERIM 

(BUDGET) YEAR 2015, MAINTENANCE YEAR 2022, AND TPLAN HORIZON YEAR 2035 (TONS/YEAR)..................27

TABLE 17: NOX EMISSION INVENTORY SUMMARY - BASE YEAR 2005, ATTAINMENT YEAR 2008, INTERIM (BUDGET)

YEAR 2015, MAINTENANCE YEAR 2022, AND TPLAN HORIZON YEAR 2035 (TONS/YEAR)...................................28

TABLE 18: SO2 EMISSION INVENTORY SUMMARY - BASE YEAR 2005, ATTAINMENT YEAR 2008, INTERIM (BUDGET)

YEAR 2015, MAINTENANCE YEAR 2022, AND TPLAN HORIZON YEAR 2035 (TONS/YEAR)...................................28

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: COLUMBUS / NEWARK PM2.5 NONATTAINMENT AREA..........................................................................2

FIGURE 2: POPULATION GROWTH – MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA ..................................................................5

FIGURE 3: EMPLOYMENT GROWTH – MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA.................................................................5

FIGURE 4: VEHICLE TRIPS (PER DAY) GROWTH– MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA..............................................6

FIGURE 5: VMT (VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL) GROWTH – MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA...............................6

30
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 1 May, 2011

1.0 Introduction & Background

1.1 Introduction

This Report documents the on-road mobile emission estimates for the Columbus and Central 

Ohio area, in conjunction with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) State 

Implementation Plan (SIP) Central Ohio re-designation request requirement for the PM2.5

standards. The criteria pollutants analyzed are PM 2.5 (fine particulate matter present in air),

NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen), and SO2 (Sulphur dioxide). This report presents the summary of on 

road mobile emissions for the analysis years of 2005, 2008, 2015 & 2022 of PM 2.5, NOx and 

SO2 criteria pollutants. In addition year 2035 estimates are provided as it will be the horizon 

year for the next Transportation Plan update. The emissions documented here are the 

emissions due to on-road vehicles for the counties in the nonattainment area of Central Ohio. 

EPA’s Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) 2010 model was used to generate the 

vehicle emission rates. The methodologies in computing emissions and forecasting models 

used are also summarized in this report. 

1.2 Background

The nonattainment areas for the 1997 PM 2.5 (annual fine particulate) NAAQS (national 

ambient air quality standards) were designated in the January, 2005 Federal Register [70 FR 

944], effective April 2005. As a result of the PM 2.5 standard, Franklin, Delaware, Licking and 

Fairfield counties and Franklin Township in Coshocton County were designated nonattainment 

for PM 2.5 under the annual standard. The CAAA defines nonattainment areas as geographic 

regions of the country that do not meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In 

nonattainment areas, air quality implementation plans must be developed that identify 

strategies and programs that nonattainment areas will implement to provide the emission 

reductions needed for the areas to meet the NAAQS. In Ohio, the Ohio Environmental 

Protection Agency (Ohio EPA) is the lead agency for coordinating development of the State 

Implementation Plan (SIP). The SIP includes actions done on a statewide basis as well as 

actions done within each specific nonattainment area of the state to achieve the air quality 

standards. Currently the annual standard for PM 2.5 is 15.0 μg/m

3 

and, the 24-hour standard 

for PM 2.5 is 35 μg/m

3

. 

An updated model for estimating emissions was released in 2010, by EPA called the Motor 

Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) 2010 model. The Federal Register includes EPA’s 

announcement of the approval and availability of MOVES2010 for SIPs and regional emissions 

analyses in all states except California. 

PM2.5 Nonattainment Area Designation

April 14, 2005, U.S. EPA issued final designations with regard to the PM2.5 standard. Franklin, 

Delaware, Licking, Fairfield Counties and Franklin Twp in Coshocton County were designated 

as a non-attainment area for the annual PM2.5 standard. 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 2 May, 2011

1.3 Geographic Area of Analysis

The PM2.5 non-attainment area is illustrated in Figure 1 as the shaded area. The nonattainment area is divided into a modeled area comprised of Franklin, Delaware and 

Licking Counties and part of Fairfield County, and into the donut area which includes 

the remainder of Fairfield County, and Franklin Twp in Coshocton County, as shown in 

Figure 2. The model coverage area will use the post-processors link-level procedures to 

compute the emissions, while the non-modeled donut areas will utilize the ODOT 

HPMS county level VMT by functional class data. 

FIGURE 1: COLUMBUS / NEWARK PM2.5 NONATTAINMENT AREA
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 3 May, 2011

2.0 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

The methodologies used and background information for estimating on-road mobile emissions 

are discussed in the following sections for the PM 2.5 non-attainment area.

2.1 Analysis Years

Year 2005 is the base year of analysis. 2008 is an attainment year, being one of the clean air 

quality data monitoring years of 2006, 2007 & 2008, showing attainment of the Annual PM2.5 

standard. Year 2015 is an interim analysis year, and 2022 is final maintenance budget year, as 

USEPA requires data 10 years beyond approval of redesignation. Year 2035 a horizon year 

analysis in included in this report. Thus, the years 2005, 2008, 2015, 2022, 2035 were used for 

the on-road mobile emissions estimates.

2.2 General Methodology

Evaluating emissions for current as well as future years requires several data inputs, discussed 

in the following sections. Among these, vehicle travel characteristics data can be obtained from 

regionally maintained travel demand model. Travel demand model provides daily traffic 

volumes, congested travel times, speeds, v/c (volume to capacity ratios), VMT (vehicle miles 

traveled), VHT (vehicle hours traveled) among other travel characteristics data used in 

evaluating emissions in this report. Areas that are not within the regional travel demand model 

boundary utilized HPMS (Highway Performance Monitoring Systems) based travel 

characteristics data. Thus, the travel demand model is used in evaluating emissions for 

Franklin County, Delaware County, and Licking County. Both the travel demand model as well 

as HPMS is used in evaluating emissions for Fairfield County. HPMS only is used for the 

Franklin Township in Coshocton County, in evaluating emissions. Each of the aforementioned

process is detailed further in sections 2.5.1 and 2.5.2.

2.3 Travel Demand Model

For these analyses the latest planning assumptions available for the Central Ohio area were 

used. For the travel demand model, model validation is a joint process between MORPC, 

LCATS and the ODOT Office of Technical Services. In December 2004, a new complete 

validated model was accepted and installed for use at MORPC. The new model covers all of 

the MORPC and LCATS area including portions of Pickaway, Madison and Union Counties 

along with additional portions of Fairfield County outside of the MORPC MPO area. Further, 

MORPC continuously updates the highway and transit network information and maintains 

accurate networks for future year analysis. A validation of the model to 2005 traffic countdata 

was completed in 2009. The model is a multi-step tour-based model, incorporating more 

advanced simulation methods than compared to traditional four step model. Thus, model inputs

were tested for quality control and quality assurance. Forecasted variables such as population, 

employment, traffic counts, roadway network, etc. were developed by MORPC in coordination 

with LCATS and used for the analysis. 

Due to the advance simulation methods incorporated, there is some variation in model results 

from one complete model run to another with all of the same input data. MORPC performed a 

check on this variability with regard to on-road mobile emission estimates. The emission 

estimates for several model runs were calculated. The variation in the emission estimates were 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 4 May, 2011

less than one-tenth of one percent (0.1%). Thus it was determined that the variability due to the

simulation is insignificant.

2.3.1 Independent Variables

Independent variables (land use/socio-economic data) were developed as well as interpolated 

for intermediate years of analysis. Trip tables for the analysis years 2005, 2008, 2015, 2022

and 2035 were developed. MORPC continually monitors land use, population and employment 

information. MORPC performs complete land use inventories every five years. The complete 

documentation of the process and future forecasts is provided in 2008-2030 Transportation 

Plans completed in May 2008 by MOPRC and LCATS. 

Figure 2 illustrates population growth trends for the travel demand model area, indicating a 

growth in population of 1.6 million from year 2005 to 2.1 million in the year 2035, with 

population estimates of 1.65, and 1.79 million in the years 2008, and 2015 respectively.

Figure 3 illustrates employment growth trends for the travel demand model area, indicating a 

growth in employment of 851,000 from year 2005 to 1,283,000 in year 2035, with employment 

of 875,000 in year 2008, and an estimated employment of 940,000 in the year 2015.

2.3.2 Model Networks

MORPC staff in conjunction with LCATS and ODOT continuously update the model networks to 

accurately reflect projects in the current TIP and Long Range Plan. The model networks 

developed for this emission estimates were for the analysis years 2005, 2008, 2015, 2022 and 

2035. 

Figure 4 illustrates typical daily vehicle trips growth trends for the travel demand model area, 

indicating a growth of 4.7 million daily vehicle trips from year 2005 to 6.9 million daily vehicle 

trips in year 2035, with 5.0, and 5.5 daily million vehicle trips in the years 2008, and 2015

respectively.

Figure 5 illustrates VMT (vehicle miles of travel) growth trends for the travel demand model 

area, indicating a growth of 43.1 million daily VMT from year 2005 to 69.0 million daily VMT in 

year 2035, with 47.0, and 52.9 million daily VMT in the years 2008, and 2015 respectively.
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 5 May, 2011

FIGURE 2: POPULATION GROWTH – MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA

FIGURE 3: EMPLOYMENT GROWTH – MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 6 May, 2011

FIGURE 4: VEHICLE TRIPS (PER DAY) GROWTH– MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA

FIGURE 5: VMT (VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL) GROWTH – MORPC/LCATS MODEL AREA
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 7 May, 2011

2.3.3 Loaded Highway Networks

Trip assignment was run for 2005, 2008, 2015, 2022 and 2035 using CUBE. Land use data 

inputs for corresponding networks were developed. The assignments produced a loaded 

highway network for each analysis year. These loaded network files includes total volume for 

each link in the network. Programming scripts in CUBE (a model software), illustrated in 

Appendix A, incorporate ODOT’s CMAQ process, discussed in more detail in Section 2.5.1. 

The loaded highway network for each year was split into separate files for each county. Each 

county network was run independently through the CMAQ process for each analysis year,

which combined the volumes and emission factors for computing VOC and NOx emissions for 

the entire county.

2.3.4 IntraZonal Trips

Intrazonal trips are the trips that are generated within a traffic analysis zone (TAZ), that use 

local roads. Intrazonal trips do not get loaded onto the highway networks so Cube/Voyager 

emission calculation script requires a separate input file to account for these trips. Input files 

for evaluating intrazonal emissions are intrazonal trips file, intrazonal area file, and intrazonal 

emissions factor file. These input files for the areas within the travel demand model area are 

for Franklin County, Licking County, Delaware County, as well as for partial areas of Fairfield 

County. The intrazonal trips were extracted from the trip tables using a post-processor 

Cube/Voyager script.

2.4 Emission Factor Generation

Base and Attainment Years

Using MOVES, emission factor files were generated for base year-2005 and attainment year2008 to represent the programs being implemented in the region. Programs and corresponding 

MOVES parameters were developed in consultation with OEPA. 

Future Years

Emission factors were also generated for two future year scenarios: 2015 and 2022. All 

assumptions are the same as those used to generate 2005 emission factors and are further 

illustrated in this section using year 2005 as an example.

Technical Details

Table 1 summarizes the settings used in the MOVES run specification file and the MOVES 

County-Data Manager. Further details in specific inputs that are not using default values are 

provided below.
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 8 May, 2011

Table 1 – MOVES Inputs

RunSpec Parameter Settings

MOVES Version 2010/08/26

Scale Custom Domain

MOVES Modeling Technique Emission Factor Method

Rates per Distance

Rates per Vehicle

Time Span Time Aggregation: Hour

1 Month representing average annual temperatures

All hours of day selected

16 speed bins

Weekdays only

Geographic Bounds Franklin, Delaware, Licking, Fairfield Counties, and Franklin 

Township in Coshocton County.

Vehicles/Equipment All source types, gasoline and diesel 

Road Type All road types including off-network

Pollutants and Processes NOx, All PM2.5 categories, SO2, Total Energy Consumption

Strategies None

General Output Units = grams, joules and miles

Output Emissions Time = hour, Location = custom area, on-road emission rates 

by road type and source use type.

Advance Performance None

County Data Manager Sources

Source Type Population Combination of local and default data

Local data (2010) ODOT from motor vehicle registration 

Default data used for source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62

Future year growth rate based on MPO model Household 

growth rate.

Vehicle Type VMT Combination of local and default data

HPMSVTypeYear VMT = daily VMT from travel demand 

model 

monthVMTFraction = default

dayVMTFraction=default

hourVMTFraction=local

I/M Program None

Fuel Formulation Default

Fuel Supply Default

Future runs will be modified for reformulated gas, RVP, etc. for 

summer analyses

Metereology Data Local data obtained from NOAA National Climatic Data Center. 

Data will consist of monthly high and low temperatures and daily 

relative humidity for 2002.

Ramp Fraction Using the base year travel demand model for VHT fractions. 

Future fractions will be assumed constant

Road Type Distribution Use ODOT county summary VMT categorized by federal 

functional classes

Age Distribution Combination of local and default data.

Local data (2010) ODOT from motor vehicle registration
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 9 May, 2011

Default data used for source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62

The same age distribution will be used for all analysis years

Average Speed Distribution Default

Alternative Fuel Type Default
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 10 May, 2011

Temperature and Relative Humidity

Temperatures used for the single season approach are representative of 12 months in 

2002 based on NOAA data from the National Climate Data Center website. Data for 

Port Columbus International Airport was used because it was the most complete 

compared to other airports in the non-attainment area. To get the correct format for 

MOVES, the data was entered into a spreadsheet provided by EPA which was 

designed to convert Mobile6 data to MOVES. An average annual hourly temperature 

and relative humidity distribution profile can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2 – Temperature and Relative Humidity Data

Hour

Average 

Temperature

Average 

Relative Humidity

1 48.9 73.0

2 47.8 75.0

3 46.9 77.0

4 46.2 80.0

5 45.7 81.0

6 45.1 81.0

7 44.6 80.0

8 45.0 77.0

9 47.5 73.0

10 51.5 67.0

11 55.6 64.0

12 59.1 61.0

13 62.2 57.0

14 63.9 56.0

15 64.4 53.0

16 64.6 53.0

17 64.2 54.0

18 63.0 55.0

19 61.0 57.0

20 58.4 63.0

21 55.9 67.0

22 53.6 70.0

23 52.0 72.0

24 50.4 75.0

Ramp Fraction

Ramp fractions were derived using the base year travel demand model VHT fractions. 

Ramp fractions can be seen in Table 3. Base year fractions were assumed to apply to 

future years.

Table 3 – Ramp Fractions

RoadTypeID Road Description Ramp Fraction

2 Rural Restricted Access 0.02

4 Urban Restricted Access 0.13
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 11 May, 2011

Source Type Population

Source type population is based on a combination of local and MOVES default data. 

Local data was provided by ODOT based on 2010 motor vehicle registration. Default 

data is used for source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62. Future year growth rate is based 

on MPO model growth in cars which is an independent variable to the travel demand 

model. Table 4 shows source type population for the analyzed counties in 2005.

Table 4 – Source Type Population for year 2005

Source

Type 

ID sourceTypeName

Franklin

Delaware Licking Fairfield

11 MotorCycle 54,404 6,766 8,866 2,408

21 Passenger Car 865,890 95,682 126,434 35,373

31 Passenger Truck 378,217 44,111 57,889 16,305

32 Light Commercial Truck 11,382 1,328 1,742 491

41 Intercity Bus 290 65 82 23

42 Transit Bus 78 18 22 6

43 School Bus 1,557 351 439 124

51 Refuse truck 225 38 48 13

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 202 34 43 12

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 261 43 56 15

54 Motor Home 1,085 181 231 64

61 Comb Short-haul Truck 3,098 643 892 152

62 Comb Long-haul Truck 3,562 739 1,025 175

Vehicle Age Distribution

Vehicle age distribution information was derived using Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicle 

registration data for year 2010. The data was given to OEPA who supplied a VIN 

decoder that allowed ODOT to create correctly formatted MOVES inputs. MOVES 

default data is used for source types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62. The registration data for 

all three counties in the non-attainment area were combined to create a regional vehicle 

age distribution file, see Table 5. The same age distribution will be used for all analysis 

years
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 12 May, 2011

Table 5 – Vehicle Age Distribution

Year 

ID

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

2005 11 0 0.0017 21 8 0.0599 31 16 0.0300

2005 11 1 0.0228 21 9 0.0580 31 17 0.0256

2005 11 2 0.0552 21 10 0.0634 31 18 0.0157

2005 11 3 0.0765 21 11 0.0615 31 19 0.0118

2005 11 4 0.0864 21 12 0.0562 31 20 0.0084

2005 11 5 0.0820 21 13 0.0527 31 21 0.0077

2005 11 6 0.0664 21 14 0.0460 31 22 0.0062

2005 11 7 0.0839 21 15 0.0465 31 23 0.0048

2005 11 8 0.0584 21 16 0.0383 31 24 0.0031

2005 11 9 0.0540 21 17 0.0318 31 25 0.0024

2005 11 10 0.0442 21 18 0.0269 31 26 0.0015

2005 11 11 0.0333 21 19 0.0209 31 27 0.0009

2005 11 12 0.0260 21 20 0.0162 31 28 0.0005

2005 11 13 0.0204 21 21 0.0127 31 29 0.0003

2005 11 14 0.0195 21 22 0.0092 31 30 0.0037

2005 11 15 0.0188 21 23 0.0069 32 0 0.0059

2005 11 16 0.0153 21 24 0.0057 32 1 0.0452

2005 11 17 0.0128 21 25 0.0042 32 2 0.1089

2005 11 18 0.0091 21 26 0.0031 32 3 0.0740

2005 11 19 0.0085 21 27 0.0017 32 4 0.0699

2005 11 20 0.0078 21 28 0.0011 32 5 0.0388

2005 11 21 0.0078 21 29 0.0010 32 6 0.0331

2005 11 22 0.0074 21 30 0.0321 32 7 0.0376

2005 11 23 0.0106 31 0 0.0071 32 8 0.0370

2005 11 24 0.0156 31 1 0.0277 32 9 0.0441

2005 11 25 0.0144 31 2 0.0494 32 10 0.0557

2005 11 26 0.0126 31 3 0.0584 32 11 0.0557

2005 11 27 0.0163 31 4 0.0676 32 12 0.0472

2005 11 28 0.0237 31 5 0.0828 32 13 0.0456

2005 11 29 0.0163 31 6 0.0800 32 14 0.0385

2005 11 30 0.0723 31 7 0.0727 32 15 0.0609

2005 21 0 0.0075 31 8 0.0752 32 16 0.0476

2005 21 1 0.0279 31 9 0.0613 32 17 0.0340

2005 21 2 0.0396 31 10 0.0647 32 18 0.0273

2005 21 3 0.0489 31 11 0.0622 32 19 0.0155

2005 21 4 0.0508 31 12 0.0515 32 20 0.0156

2005 21 5 0.0537 31 13 0.0433 32 21 0.0156

2005 21 6 0.0561 31 14 0.0373 32 22 0.0118

2005 21 7 0.0595 31 15 0.0362 32 23 0.0095
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 13 May, 2011

Year 

ID

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

2005 32 24 0.0045 42 2 0.0592 43 11 0.0557

2005 32 25 0.0057 42 3 0.0592 43 12 0.0843

2005 32 26 0.0044 42 4 0.0592 43 13 0.0484

2005 32 27 0.0019 42 5 0.0395 43 14 0.0178

2005 32 28 0.0010 42 6 0.0724 43 15 0.0192

2005 32 29 0.0007 42 7 0.0461 43 16 0.0129

2005 32 30 0.0068 42 8 0.0592 43 17 0.0132

2005 41 0 0.0013 42 9 0.0855 43 18 0.0181

2005 41 1 0.0344 42 10 0.0592 43 19 0.0213

2005 41 2 0.0607 42 11 0.1316 43 20 0.0139

2005 41 3 0.0837 42 12 0.0395 43 21 0.0087

2005 41 4 0.1005 42 13 0.0329 43 22 0.0077

2005 41 5 0.0870 42 14 0.0263 43 23 0.0087

2005 41 6 0.0972 42 15 0.0395 43 24 0.0056

2005 41 7 0.0607 42 16 0.0461 43 25 0.0066

2005 41 8 0.0742 42 17 0.0132 43 26 0.0049

2005 41 9 0.0472 42 18 0.0197 43 27 0.0024

2005 41 10 0.0466 42 19 0.0197 43 28 0.0017

2005 41 11 0.0614 42 20 0.0000 43 29 0.0038

2005 41 12 0.0290 42 21 0.0132 43 30 0.0064

2005 41 13 0.0263 42 22 0.0066 51 0 0.0097

2005 41 14 0.0189 42 23 0.0132 51 1 0.0290

2005 41 15 0.0162 42 24 0.0000 51 2 0.0258

2005 41 16 0.0229 42 25 0.0329 51 3 0.0839

2005 41 17 0.0142 42 26 0.0000 51 4 0.0968

2005 41 18 0.0081 42 27 0.0129 51 5 0.0226

2005 41 19 0.0175 42 28 0.0000 51 6 0.0677

2005 41 20 0.0101 42 29 0.0000 51 7 0.0774

2005 41 21 0.0101 42 30 0.0000 51 8 0.0419

2005 41 22 0.0121 43 0 0.0561 51 9 0.0323

2005 41 23 0.0094 43 1 0.0411 51 10 0.0710

2005 41 24 0.0061 43 2 0.0491 51 11 0.0710

2005 41 25 0.0034 43 3 0.0655 51 12 0.0613

2005 41 26 0.0081 43 4 0.0564 51 13 0.0516

2005 41 27 0.0020 43 5 0.0516 51 14 0.0387

2005 41 28 0.0000 43 6 0.0627 51 15 0.0419

2005 41 29 0.0034 43 7 0.0537 51 16 0.0355

2005 41 30 0.0273 43 8 0.0666 51 17 0.0161

2005 42 0 0.0000 43 9 0.0603 51 18 0.0258

2005 42 1 0.0132 43 10 0.0756 51 19 0.0129
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 14 May, 2011

Year 

ID

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

2005 51 20 0.0000 52 29 0.0032 54 7 0.0450

2005 51 21 0.0032 52 30 0.0484 54 8 0.0417

2005 51 22 0.0065 53 0 0.0097 54 9 0.0414

2005 51 23 0.0032 53 1 0.0290 54 10 0.0524

2005 51 24 0.0032 53 2 0.0258 54 11 0.0482

2005 51 25 0.0065 53 3 0.0839 54 12 0.0409

2005 51 26 0.0032 53 4 0.0968 54 13 0.0334

2005 51 27 0.0000 53 5 0.0226 54 14 0.0356

2005 51 28 0.0097 53 6 0.0677 54 15 0.0315

2005 51 29 0.0032 53 7 0.0774 54 16 0.0285

2005 51 30 0.0484 53 8 0.0419 54 17 0.0254

2005 52 0 0.0097 53 9 0.0323 54 18 0.0197

2005 52 1 0.0290 53 10 0.0710 54 19 0.0177

2005 52 2 0.0258 53 11 0.0710 54 20 0.0180

2005 52 3 0.0839 53 12 0.0613 54 21 0.0263

2005 52 4 0.0968 53 13 0.0516 54 22 0.0243

2005 52 5 0.0226 53 14 0.0387 54 23 0.0230

2005 52 6 0.0677 53 15 0.0419 54 24 0.0166

2005 52 7 0.0774 53 16 0.0355 54 25 0.0193

2005 52 8 0.0419 53 17 0.0161 54 26 0.0208

2005 52 9 0.0323 53 18 0.0258 54 27 0.0130

2005 52 10 0.0710 53 19 0.0129 54 28 0.0089

2005 52 11 0.0710 53 20 0.0000 54 29 0.0074

2005 52 12 0.0613 53 21 0.0032 54 30 0.1404

2005 52 13 0.0516 53 22 0.0065 61 0 0.0021

2005 52 14 0.0387 53 23 0.0032 61 1 0.0135

2005 52 15 0.0419 53 24 0.0032 61 2 0.0306

2005 52 16 0.0355 53 25 0.0065 61 3 0.0385

2005 52 17 0.0161 53 26 0.0032 61 4 0.0509

2005 52 18 0.0258 53 27 0.0000 61 5 0.0527

2005 52 19 0.0129 53 28 0.0097 61 6 0.0590

2005 52 20 0.0000 53 29 0.0032 61 7 0.0584

2005 52 21 0.0032 53 30 0.0484 61 8 0.0571

2005 52 22 0.0065 54 0 0.0051 61 9 0.0551

2005 52 23 0.0032 54 1 0.0130 61 10 0.0628

2005 52 24 0.0032 54 2 0.0257 61 11 0.0608

2005 52 25 0.0065 54 3 0.0382 61 12 0.0501

2005 52 26 0.0032 54 4 0.0413 61 13 0.0542

2005 52 27 0.0000 54 5 0.0472 61 14 0.0390

2005 52 28 0.0097 54 6 0.0501 61 15 0.0435
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 15 May, 2011

Year 

ID

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

Source 

Type ID

Age 

ID

Age 

Fraction

2005 61 16 0.0430 62 1 0.0485 62 17 0.0079

2005 61 17 0.0314 62 2 0.0193 62 18 0.0039

2005 61 18 0.0269 62 3 0.1651 62 19 0.0026

2005 61 19 0.0228 62 4 0.0912 62 20 0.0032

2005 61 20 0.0192 62 5 0.1263 62 21 0.0034

2005 61 21 0.0217 62 6 0.0858 62 22 0.0027

2005 61 22 0.0203 62 7 0.0529 62 23 0.0013

2005 61 23 0.0144 62 8 0.0286 62 24 0.0008

2005 61 24 0.0135 62 9 0.0663 62 25 0.0008

2005 61 25 0.0099 62 10 0.1102 62 26 0.0006

2005 61 26 0.0069 62 11 0.0600 62 27 0.0002

2005 61 27 0.0036 62 12 0.0353 62 28 0.0001

2005 61 28 0.0032 62 13 0.0186 62 29 0.0003

2005 61 29 0.0028 62 14 0.0196 62 30 0.0001

2005 61 30 0.0321 62 15 0.0208

2005 62 0 0.0076 62 16 0.0160

2005
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 16 May, 2011

Road Type Distribution

Road type distribution is based on the 2008 ODOT, county summary, HPMS VMT data 

categorized by federal functional class for the four county non-attainment area. Road 

type distribution can be seen in Table 6.

Table 6 – Road Type Distribution

Source 

Type ID

Road 

Type ID

Road Type VMT 

Fraction

Source Type 

ID

Road 

Type ID

Road Type VMT 

Fraction

11 1 0 43 4 0.37

11 2 0.05 43 5 0.46

11 3 0.12 51 1 0

11 4 0.37 51 2 0.05

11 5 0.46 51 3 0.12

21 1 0 51 4 0.37

21 2 0.05 51 5 0.46

21 3 0.12 52 1 0

21 4 0.37 52 2 0.05

21 5 0.46 52 3 0.12

31 1 0 52 4 0.37

31 2 0.05 52 5 0.46

31 3 0.12 53 1 0

31 4 0.37 53 2 0.05

31 5 0.46 53 3 0.12

32 1 0 53 4 0.37

32 2 0.05 53 5 0.46

32 3 0.12 54 1 0

32 4 0.37 54 2 0.05

32 5 0.46 54 3 0.12

41 1 0 54 4 0.37

41 2 0.05 54 5 0.46

41 3 0.12 61 1 0

41 4 0.37 61 2 0.05

41 5 0.46 61 3 0.12

42 1 0 61 4 0.37

42 2 0.05 61 5 0.46

42 3 0.12 62 1 0

42 4 0.37 62 2 0.05

42 5 0.46 62 3 0.12

43 1 0 62 4 0.37

43 2 0.05 62 5 0.46

43 3 0.12
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 17 May, 2011

Vehicle Type VMT and VMT Fractions

The first component of the VMT inputs is the Yearly HPMS VMT, but the travel demand 

model was used instead of ODOT’s HMPS data since it was felt that the model would 

better predict future year VMT. ODOT’s CMS post-processor was run for each year to 

generate congestion reports, which includes total daily VMT. The vehicle type 

percentages of the total VMT were based on ODOT’s weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. 

Since there are not enough WIM stations for lower class facilities in the non-attainment 

area, a statewide average of all ODOT WIM data collectors was used. Daily VMT was 

then converted to yearly. Yearly HPMS VMT for 2005 can be seen in Table 7. The 

same method was to generate all other analysis years

Table 7 – Yearly HPMS VMT for 2005

HPMS 

VtypeID Year ID HPMS BaseYear VMT

10 2005 63,454,924

20 2005 11,316,685,100

30 2005 3,491,738,286

40 2005 35,690,214

50 2005 263,842,234

60 2005 626,409,929

Monthly and daily VMT fractions used MOVES default data. The hourly VMT fractions 

were derived from ODOT WIM data. Hourly VMT fractions vary for each of the five 

MOVES road types but do not change for each of the 16 MOVES source types. A 

representative sample of the hour VMT fraction input file can be seen in Table 8, the 

entire file is too large to include in this document.

Table 8 – Hourly VMT Fractions

Source

TypeID

Road

TypeID DayID HourID

Hour

VMTFraction

11 1 2 1 0.0089

11 1 2 2 0.00564

11 1 2 3 0.00424

11 1 2 4 0.00427

11 1 2 5 0.00695

11 1 2 6 0.01798

11 1 2 7 0.03806

11 1 2 8 0.057

11 1 2 9 0.05773

11 1 2 10 0.05538
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 18 May, 2011

Source

TypeID

Road

TypeID DayID HourID

Hour

VMTFraction

11 1 2 11 0.05554

11 1 2 12 0.05558

11 1 2 13 0.05584

11 1 2 14 0.06051

11 1 2 15 0.06765

11 1 2 16 0.07755

11 1 2 17 0.08428

11 1 2 18 0.0797

11 1 2 19 0.06012

11 1 2 20 0.04522

11 1 2 21 0.03646

11 1 2 22 0.02912

11 1 2 23 0.02142

11 1 2 24 0.01486

11 2 2 1 0.0089

11 2 2 2 0.00564

11 2 2 3 0.00424

11 2 2 4 0.00427

11 2 2 5 0.00695

11 2 2 6 0.01798

11 2 2 7 0.03806

11 2 2 8 0.057

11 2 2 9 0.05773

11 2 2 10 0.05538

11 2 2 11 0.05554

11 2 2 12 0.05558

11 2 2 13 0.05584

11 2 2 14 0.06051

11 2 2 15 0.06765

11 2 2 16 0.07755

11 2 2 17 0.08428

11 2 2 18 0.0797

11 2 2 19 0.06012

11 2 2 20 0.04522

11 2 2 21 0.03646

11 2 2 22 0.02912

11 2 2 23 0.02142

11 2 2 24 0.01486
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 19 May, 2011

Source

TypeID

Road

TypeID DayID HourID

Hour

VMTFraction

11 3 2 1 0.00655

11 3 2 2 0.0037

11 3 2 3 0.00304

11 3 2 4 0.00363

11 3 2 5 0.00792

11 3 2 6 0.02343

11 3 2 7 0.04899

11 3 2 8 0.06319

11 3 2 9 0.05402

11 3 2 10 0.05121

11 3 2 11 0.0528

11 3 2 12 0.05608

11 3 2 13 0.05814

11 3 2 14 0.05875

11 3 2 15 0.06676

11 3 2 16 0.07812

11 3 2 17 0.08469

11 3 2 18 0.08152

11 3 2 19 0.05852

11 3 2 20 0.04343

11 3 2 21 0.03606

11 3 2 22 0.02829

11 3 2 23 0.01883

11 3 2 24 0.01233

11 4 2 1 0.00752

11 4 2 2 0.0044

11 4 2 3 0.00354

11 4 2 4 0.00374

11 4 2 5 0.00705

11 4 2 6 0.02123

11 4 2 7 0.054

11 4 2 8 0.0768

11 4 2 9 0.06545

11 4 2 10 0.05114

11 4 2 11 0.04692

11 4 2 12 0.04916

11 4 2 13 0.05112
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 20 May, 2011

Source

TypeID

Road

TypeID DayID HourID

Hour

VMTFraction

11 4 2 14 0.0534

11 4 2 15 0.06105

11 4 2 16 0.07421

11 4 2 17 0.08321

11 4 2 18 0.08385

11 4 2 19 0.06062

11 4 2 20 0.04229

11 4 2 21 0.03442

11 4 2 22 0.0292

11 4 2 23 0.02137

11 4 2 24 0.01431

11 5 2 1 0.00678

11 5 2 2 0.00378

11 5 2 3 0.00295

11 5 2 4 0.0029

11 5 2 5 0.00498

11 5 2 6 0.01422

11 5 2 7 0.03449

11 5 2 8 0.05728

11 5 2 9 0.05435

11 5 2 10 0.04991

11 5 2 11 0.05261

11 5 2 12 0.06098

11 5 2 13 0.06457

11 5 2 14 0.06387

11 5 2 15 0.06812

11 5 2 16 0.07672

11 5 2 17 0.08274

11 5 2 18 0.08284

11 5 2 19 0.06344

11 5 2 20 0.04866

11 5 2 21 0.0407

11 5 2 22 0.03083

11 5 2 23 0.01966

11 5 2 24 0.01262
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 21 May, 2011

Output Emission Factors

Table 9 shows the first record in a MOVES sample output (rate per distance) emission 

file for year 2005. For any given month, day of week, hour of the day, pollutant, and 

process; the rate per distance varies by road type, and speed bin. Rates per distance 

emissions are applied to link and intrazonal VMT.

Table 9 – Sample Emission File (Rate per Distance) for year 2005

Heading: MOVESScenarioID MOVESRunID yearID monthID dayID hourID

Record: OhioCustomDomain 5 2005 4 5 1

Heading: linkID pollutantID processID sourceTypeID SCC fuelTypeID

Record: 990250201 3 1 0 0

Heading: modelYearID roadTypeID avgSpeedBinID temperature relHumidity ratePerDistance

Record: 0 2 1 48.9333 73 18.8177

Table 10 shows the first record in a MOVES sample output (rate per vehicle) emission 

file for year 2005. The rate per vehicle varies for any combinations of month, day of 

week, hour of the day, pollutant, and process. Rates per vehicle emissions are applied 

to the vehicle source type population.

Table 10 – Sample Emission File (Rate per Vehicle) for year 2005

Heading: MOVESScenarioID MOVESRunID yearID monthID dayID

Record: OhioCustomDomain 5 2005 4 5

Heading: hourID zoneID pollutantID processID sourceTypeID

Record: 1 990250 3 2 0

Heading: SCC fuelTypeID modelYearID temperature ratePerVehicle

Record: 0 0 48.9333 0.067223

PM2.5 Precursors

The annual emission inventories will be developed for the direct PM2.5 pollutants, tail pipe, 

brake and tire wear and the precursors NOx, and SO2, through the interagency consultation 

process. It is agreed through interagency consultation that no major pollutant is missing from 

the analysis. 

Air Quality Consultation Process

The 1990 Clean Air Act amendments required identification of the consultation procedures that 

Ohio's air quality and transportation agencies will follow in the conformity process. To fulfill this 

requirement, the Ohio EPA has adopted Ohio Administrative Code 3745-101-04 to define the 

interagency consultation procedures used on air quality issues. These rules define a "straw 

man" process, whereby the lead agencies in the conformity process assume responsibility for 

preparing and distributing draft documents, with supporting information, and ensuring that each 

affected party involved in the conformity process is included in the consultation process. In 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 22 May, 2011

addition, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between MORPC, LCATS, ODOT and Ohio 

EPA has been signed to clarify OAC 3745-101-04 for the Columbus maintenance area. As a 

result of SAFETEA-LU Ohio EPA led the process to update MOU. This process is concluding 

with signatures from all parties obtained in February/March 2008. 

The Columbus non-attainment area SIP development process employed the consultation 

procedures embodied in the rules. The procedures used in the current air quality analysis are 

comparable to the previous on road emission inventory and forecasting process. In addition, 

MORPC has had various telephone conversations and e-mail correspondence with Ohio EPA, 

ODOT and FHWA. Ohio EPA has also discussed various issues with U.S. EPA.

2.5.1 Areas with Regional Model

Post Processing

Custom programs developed by ODOT in conjunction with MPO models, were used in 

computing total emissions. The process uses data on daily and directional traffic 

distributions as well as more up to date volume/delay functions from the 2000 Highway 

Capacity Manual (HCM). This process, described below, uses rewritten code able to 

handle the newer model network formats and MOVES generated emission factors. 

The first step in the process involves running postcms10.exe to calculate hourly link 

volumes based on the percentage of the daily volume (travel demand model output) 

determined by a link’s facility and area type. Link speeds from the travel demand 

model are not used in the analysis. The speeds are estimated as a post-process to the 

model based on HCM methods using a link’s volume-to-capacity ratio and link group 

code. The daily to hourly volume conversion percentages and speed tables can be 

seen in Appendix A, model script.

The second step (movesnet.exe) uses a combination of the MOVES emission factors 

and the hourly link volumes that are output of the postcms10.exe program. The hourly 

volumes are multiplied by the MOVES emission factor for the corresponding hour of 

day, speed bin, and roadtype to calculate emissions for every network link for each 

hour. The final link on road vehicle emissions for the area is the sum of all individual 

link-hour emissions.

The third step, (movesveh.exe), calculates vehicle-based emissions for each source type 

for each hour of the day. The vehicle source type is based on a combination of local 

and default data. The final vehicle emissions for each county are the sum of all 

individual hourly emissions for all vehicle types.

Intrazonal trips do not get loaded onto the network, so the fourth step in the process 

requires a separate method to account for those trips that use local roads to travel 

within a zone. The intracalc2.exe program uses intrazonal trips to estimate VMT using 

the area in square miles and intrazonal trips of each zone. The zone is assumed 

circular and the radius of the circle is used as the average trip length for these 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 23 May, 2011

intrazonal trips. Intrazonal emissions are then calculated by combining MOVES 

generated emissions with estimated intrazonal VMT. The emission rates are the same 

as those used to calculated link based emissions.

The final step is to summarize link, vehicle, and intrazonal emissions for each county, 

pollutant, and analyzed year, and to multiply annual average daily emissions by 365 to 

produce an annual estimate. Daily summary emissions for each pollutant, county, and 

scenario year in the Central Ohio Region can be found in Appendix B through G. A 

summary of these emissions are tabulated in Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 24 May, 2011

2.5.2 Areas without Regional Model

The travel demand forecasting model discussed in the preceding sections does not cover the 

entire non-attainment area. Therefore, a standard process based on HPMS VMT was employed 

for the rest of the area which includes portions of Fairfield County, and Franklin Township in 

Coshocton County. This process first requires estimating the proportion of county VMT 

covered by the model and not covered by the model. This was accomplished using a GIS 

procedure, whereby, the proportion of the number of vehicles from census data, inside and 

outside of the model boundary, was calculated. This information was then combined with 

countywide average volumes by functional class to obtain the proportion of VMT inside and 

outside of the model. This computation yields 37% of the Fairfield county VMT, being inside the

model area. Thus 63% of the HPMS VMT is used as the basis of the off-model computation for 

Fairfield County. To obtain forecast year emissions, the base year VMT is projected forward 

based on a series of standard growth rates as shown in the “HPMS Growth Rates Methodology”

based on VMT forecasting procedures developed by ODOT. These growth rates are updated 

every 5 years using the latest count trends. 

Correctly applying the VMT growth rates is not as straight forward as multiplying the % per year 

growth by most current year and the number of years. The growth rate is derived for use as a 

linear growth rate, constant slope. To make the forecast using the same slope, the percentage 

growth must first be applied to the most current HPMS VMT data for year 2009 to convert the 

percentage into a growth rate (VMT/year) which is the slope of the line. 

VMT by functional classification obtained for outside regional model area, this functional 

classification also provides speed data based on the type of facility. MOVES generated factors 

of rate per distance as well as rate per vehicle were used to generate emissions for PM2.5, 

NOx and SO2. A summary of these emissions are tabulated in Sections 3.1.2 and 3.1.3
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 25 May, 2011

3.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

Emission estimates summary of results is presented in the next sections.

3.1.1 Areas within The Regional Travel Demand Model

Table 11: Emission Estimations for On-Road Mobile Sources - Franklin County

Franklin 

County 2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

VMT (miles/yr) 10,874,209,575 11,703,950,570 12,815,874,525 13,709,850,410 15,817,454,215

PM2.5 (tons/yr) 1,232.19 1,076.57 557.77 355.44 353.71

NOx (tons/yr) 38,665.96 32,410.28 15,519.51 7,455.60 3,912.91

SO2 (tons/yr) 625.30 204.36 90.42 87.07 91.42

Table 12: Emission Estimations for On-Road Mobile Sources - Delaware County

Delaware 

County 2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

VMT (miles/yr) 1,583,202,465 1,783,481,615 2,169,135,870 2,542,369,905 3,400,567,030

PM2.5 (tons/yr) 151.99 139.75 78.79 53.78 62.16

NOx (tons/yr) 5,372.30 4,716.95 2,500.97 1,308.18 1,114.32

SO2 (tons/yr) 85.14 29.32 14.35 15.14 18.41

Table 13: Emission Estimations for On-Road Mobile Sources - Licking County

Licking County 2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

VMT (miles/yr) 1,673,357,830 1,832,011,650 2,102,842,745 2,319,527,550 2,787,507,555

PM2.5 (tons/yr) 161.43 140.17 74.25 47.18 48.31

NOx (tons/yr) 5,722.16 4,859.58 2,439.49 1,200.45 924.80

SO2 (tons/yr) 90.22 29.97 13.85 13.75 14.94
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 26 May, 2011

3.1.2 Area partially within The Regional Travel Demand Model

One county that is partially within regional travel demand model is Fairfield county.

Tables 14a, and 14b, summarize emissions estimates for Fairfield county, for the areas within and outside 

travel demand model area, respectively. Results presented in Table 14a is for the area covered by the 

travel demand model. Table 14b is for the area not covered by the travel demand model. These are 

derived by using 63% of the total county HPMS based VMT as described in section 2.5.2. Table 14c 

presents the emissions for the entire Fairfield county, which is simply sum of emissions from Tables 4a, 

and 4b.

Table 14a: Emission Estimations for Fairfield County within the Travel Demand 

Model Area

Fairfield County 2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

VMT (miles/yr) 566,150,405 619,077,960 739,401,305 879,105,785 922,565,970

PM2.5 (tons/yr) 54.61 47.84 26.82 17.58 19.22

NOx (tons/yr) 1,896.11 1,612.27 839.62 415.59 332.25

SO2 (tons/yr) 30.35 10.13 4.91 4.94 5.62

Table 14b: Emission Estimations for Fairfield County outside of the Travel 

Demand Model Area- using HPMS data 

Fairfield County 2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

VMT (miles/yr) 589,181,905 548,326,360 574,320,200 586,829,115 632,028,160

PM2.5 (tons/yr) 57.49 44.60 20.84 11.64 10.59

NOx (tons/yr) 1,667.94 1,177.02 491.58 209.25 142.09

SO2 (tons/yr) 31.90 8.87 3.69 3.39 3.29

Table 14c: Emission Estimations for Fairfield County - sum of emissions from 

both the Travel Demand Model area as well as the HPMS area

Fairfield County 2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

VMT (miles/yr) 1,155,332,310 1,167,404,320 1,313,721,505 1,465,934,900 1,554,594,130

PM2.5 (tons/yr) 112.09 92.45 47.66 29.22 29.80

NOx (tons/yr) 3,564.05 2,789.29 1,331.20 624.84 474.34

SO2 (tons/yr) 62.25 19.00 8.60 8.34 8.91
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 27 May, 2011

3.1.3 Area outside Regional Travel Demand Model

Tables 15, summarizes emissions estimates for Franklin Township in Coshocton county, and the results 

presented in this Table used methodology based on HPMS data. 

Table 15: Emission Estimations for Franklin Twp in Coshocton County – using 

only HPMS

Coshocton (Fr twp) 2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

VMT (miles/yr) 21,735,020 21,389,730 22,829,655 23,091,360 24,030,505

PM2.5 (tons/yr) 2.63 2.15 1.06 0.58 0.55

NOx (tons/yr) 66.14 49.71 21.10 8.76 5.62

SO2 (tons/yr) 1.31 0.40 0.15 0.15 0.15

3.2 Emissions Summary for the Columbus PM 2.5 non-attainment Area

Tables 16, 17 and 18, summarize PM 2.5, NOx, and SO2 emissions estimates respectively for the analysis 

years, in the units of tons/year of emissions. The summary presented in the following tables is from the 

aforementioned in Tables 11 through 15.

Table 16: PM 2.5 Emission Inventory Summary - Base Year 2005, Attainment 

year 2008, Interim (Budget) year 2015, maintenance year 2022, and TPlan Horizon 

Year 2035 (tons/year)

2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

PM 2.5 (tons/yr) Base Yr

Attainment

Yr

Interim

Yr

Maintenance YrTPlan 

Horizon Yr

Franklin 1,232.19 1,076.57 557.77 355.44 353.71

Delaware 151.99 139.75 78.79 53.78 62.16

Licking 161.43 140.17 74.25 47.18 48.31

Fairfield 112.09 92.45 47.66 29.22 29.80

Franklin Township 

(Coshocton county) 2.63 2.15 1.06 0.58 0.55

Total 1,660.33 1,451.09 759.52 486.21 494.53
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 28 May, 2011

Table 17: NOx Emission Inventory Summary - Base Year 2005, Attainment year 

2008, Interim (Budget) year 2015, maintenance year 2022, and TPlan Horizon Year 

2035 (tons/year)

2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

NOx (tons/yr) Base Yr

Attainment 

Yr Interim Yr

Maintenance YrTplan 

Horizon Yr

Franklin 38,665.96 32,410.28 15,519.51 7,455.60 3,912.91

Delaware 5,372.30 4,716.95 2,500.97 1,308.18 1,114.32

Licking 5,722.16 4,859.58 2,439.49 1,200.45 924.80

Fairfield 3,564.05 2,789.29 1,331.20 624.84 474.34

Franklin Township 

(Coshocton county) 66.14 49.71 21.10 8.76 5.62

Total 53,390.61 44,825.81 21,812.26 10,597.83 6,431.99

Table 18: SO2 Emission Inventory Summary - Base Year 2005, Attainment year 

2008, Interim (Budget) year 2015, maintenance year 2022, and TPlan Horizon Year 

2035 (tons/year)

2005 2008 2015 2022 2035

SO2 (tons/yr)

Base 

Yr

Attainment 

Yr

Interim 

Yr

Maintenance YrTplan 

Horizon Yr

Franklin 625.30 204.36 90.42 87.07 91.42

Delaware 85.14 29.32 14.35 15.14 18.41

Licking 90.22 29.97 13.85 13.75 14.94

Fairfield 62.25 19.00 8.60 8.34 8.91

Franklin Township 

(Coshocton county) 1.31 0.40 0.15 0.15 0.15

Total 864.22 283.05 127.37 124.44 133.82
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 29 May, 2011

APPENDIX

Appendix A –Model Script, post processing script

Appendix B – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2005

Appendix C – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2008

Appendix D – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2015

Appendix E – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2022

Appendix F – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2035

Appendix G – MORPC, HPMS’ VMT and Emissions

Appendix H – Interagency consultation - Teleconference call meeting minutes
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 30 May, 2011

Appendix A – Model Script, Figures illustrating Data

APPENDIX- FIGURE 1: CUBE VOYAGER PROGRAM SCRIPT FOR COMPUTING VOC & NOX EMISSIONS

;Input Network File: {cm3neti,filename,"Input Network File 

Name",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\networks\2022\AQ_asgn_2022.net","Network File (*.net)|*.net"}

;Output Network File: {cm3neto,filename,"Output Network File 

Name",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\networks\2022\AQ_2022out.net","Network File (*.net)|*.net"}

;Output CSV Summary File: {cm3sumo,filename,"Output CSV Summary 

File",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\networks\2022\cmaqs22.csv","Report File (*.csv;*.txt)|*.csv;*.txt"}

;Output TXT Report File: {cm3rpto,filename,"Output TXT Report 

File",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\networks\2022\cmaq22.rpt","Report File (*.rpt;*.txt)|*.rpt;*.txt"}

;Output CSV Hourly File: {cm3hro,filename,"Output CSV Hourly File (Needed for benefits calc but very 

big)",x,"NONE","Report File (*.csv;*.txt)|*.csv;*.txt"}

;Note: {cm3junkname,note,"Optional Air Quality Files, Leave Blank When Not Doing Air Quality Calculations"}

;AQ Run Type: {cm3aqtype,combolist,"AQ Run Type","NONE","MOVES","MOBILE"}

;AQ Comment Line: {cm3aqcom,editbox,"Optional AQ Report Comment",T,"PM2.5 Redesignation Analysis - morpc"}

;Input Network Emissions Factors: {cm3effile,filename,"Input Network Emissions 

Factors",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2022MORPC_rpd.csv","Emissions File (*.fac;*.csv)|*.fac;*.csv"}

;Input Vehicle (MOV) or Intrazonal (MOB) Emissions Factors: {cm3ieffile,filename,"Input Vehicle (MOV) or 

Intrazonal (MOB) Emissions Factors",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2022MORPC_rpv.csv","Emissions File 

(*.crd; *.csv)|*.crd; *.csv"}

;Input area file: {cm3afile,filename,"Input Area 

File",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\area_taz\TAZ_areain.txt","Text File (*.txt; *.prn)|*.txt; *.prn"}

;Input Intrazonal Trips File: {cm3ifile,filename,"Input Intrazonal Trips (Matrix must be OMS format else use 

text)",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\intra_z\itrips22.txt","Matrix or Text File (*.txt; *.prn; *.mat; 

*.trp)|*.txt; *.prn; *.mat; *.trp"}

;Intrazonal File Type: {cm3iztype,combolist,"Intrazonal File Type","NONE","OMSTABLE","TEXT"}

;Input vehicle file: {cm3vfile,filename,"Input Vehicle File (Moves 

Only)",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\STP2022MORPC.csv","Text File (*.csv)|*.csv"}

;Space: {cm3space,note,"Parameters"}

;Truck PCE: {cm3tpce,editbox,"Truck PCE",N,"2.0"}

;Capacity Field: {cm3capf,comboedit,"Capacity Field","CAP24","CAP1","CAP2","CAP3","CAP4"}

;Hourly/Model Capacity Factor: {cm3kfact,editbox,"Hourly/Model(usually daily) Capacity Factor",N,"1.00"}

;AQ Season Factor: {cm3aqfact,comboedit,"AQ Season Factor (Ozone Only)","1.00","1.08"}

;Set Priority Code from ADMCLASS?:{cm3pri,combolist,"Set Priority Code from ADMCLASS? (CMSCOST can 

use)","NO","SW","OMS"} 

;Run Mode: {cm3rmode,combolist,"Run Mode (only use Normal for AQ for 

now)","NORMAL","4PERIOD_OMS","4PERIOD_SW","4PERIOD_MARKETSEGMENTS_SW"}

;Note: {cm3junkname2,note,"Normal Mode Inputs (if you specify another mode the fields are predetermined)"}

;Volume Field: {cm3volf,comboedit,"Volume Field","VOL24_TOT","V_1","LOADEDVOL","WINTERVOL","SUMMERVOL"}
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 31 May, 2011

;Truck Volume Field: {cm3trkf,comboedit,"Truck Volume Field (leave to none if doing AQ for 

now)","NONE","VOL24_TRK","VOL24_TRKHV","V2_1"}

;;<<End Parameters>>;;

*if exist tempcms.txt DEL tempcms.txt

*if exist summary.rpt DEL summary.rpt

*if exist hourly.rpt DEL hourly.rpt

*if exist cmstext.rpt DEL cmstext.rpt

COPY FILE=county.dat

ADA 1 4 

ALL 2 3 

ASD 3 4 

ATB 4 4 

ATH 5 4 

AUG 6 4 

BEL 7 3 

BRO 8 4 

BUT 9 2 

CAR10 4 

CHP11 4 

CLA12 3 

CLE13 2 

CLI14 4 

COL15 4 

COS16 4 

CRA17 4 

CUY18 1 

DAR19 4 

DEF20 4 

DEL21 2 

ERI22 3 

FAI23 4 

FAY24 4 

FRA25 1 

FUL26 4 

GAL27 4 

GEA28 2 

GRE29 2 

GUE30 4 

HAM31 1 

HAN32 4 

HAR33 4 

HAS34 4 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 32 May, 2011

HEN35 4 

HIG36 4 

HOC37 4 

HOL38 4 

HUR39 4 

JAC40 4 

JEF41 3 

KNO42 4 

LAK43 2 

LAW44 3 

LIC45 3 

LOG46 4 

LOR47 2 

LUC48 2 

MAD49 4 

MAH50 2 

MAR51 4 

MED52 2 

MEG53 4 

MER54 4 

MIA55 2 

MOE56 4 

MOT57 2 

MRG58 4 

MRW59 4 

MUS60 4 

NOB61 4 

OTT62 4 

PAU63 4 

PER64 4 

PIC65 4 

PIK66 4 

POR67 2 

PRE68 4 

PUT69 4 

RIC70 3 

ROS71 4 

SAN72 4 

SCI73 4 

SEN74 4 

SHE75 4 

STA76 2 

SUM77 2 

TRU78 2 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 33 May, 2011

TUS79 4 

UNI80 4 

VAN81 4 

VIN82 4 

WAR83 2 

WAS84 3 

WAY85 4 

WIL86 4 

WOO87 2 

WYA88 4 

ENDCOPY

COPY FILE=dailya.dat

HOUR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

 18 19 20 21 22 23

PCTADT

URB FWY 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.2 5.2 7.3 6.4 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 6.1 7.2 8.0 7.9 

 5.8 4.2 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.5

URB ART 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 3.5 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.3 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 7.6 8.2 8.1 

 6.2 4.8 4.0 3.0 1.9 1.3

RUR FWY 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.2 3.7 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.5 7.0 

 5.6 4.5 3.8 3.2 2.5 2.0

RUR ART 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.7 7.6 8.1 7.7 

 5.6 4.2 3.5 2.8 1.9 1.3

PCTADT TRK

URB FWY 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.9 4.6 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.8 5.2 4.6 

 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.4

URB ART 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.3 3.9 5.9 6.9 6.7 7.1 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 6.0 5.0 

 3.7 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.3

RUR FWY 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.3 4.9 

 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.1

RUR ART 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.2 3.0 4.2 5.3 6.1 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.5 4.6 

 3.8 3.1 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.7

PCTDIR

URB FWY 38 40 40 46 56 64 70 70 68 62 58 52 52 52 50 46 38 38 

 46 52 46 42 42 40

URB ART 44 46 44 48 54 62 66 68 64 56 54 52 50 50 50 46 40 38 

 46 52 48 46 46 46

RUR FWY 44 46 48 54 60 68 68 64 58 54 52 50 50 52 52 48 42 40 

 44 48 48 44 46 44

RUR ART 40 42 44 48 58 66 72 68 60 56 54 50 50 50 50 46 40 38 

 46 50 46 44 44 44

LOS E VC 0 0.625 1.25 1.875 2.5 3.125 3.75 4.375 5 5.625 6.25 6.875 7.5 8.125 8.75 9.375 10 10.625 

11.25 11.875 12.5 13.125 13.75 14.375

SPEEDVC

curve1 75 75 75 75 75 75 74.9 74.8 74.6 74.2 73.5 72.3 70.5 67.8 64.2 59.5 54 47.7 

41.2 34.9 28.9 23.7 19.2 15.5

curve2 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 69.9 69.8 69.6 69.2 68.4 67.1 65.1 62.2 58.2 53 47 

40.5 33.9 27.7 22.2 17.6 13.8

curve3 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 64.9 64.8 64.4 63.8 62.6 60.5 57 52 45.4 

37.8 29.9 22.7 16.7 12.1 8.6

curve4 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59.9 59.8 59.6 59.1 58.2 56.7 54.3 50.8 46.1 

40.3 33.8 27.3 21.3 16.2 12.2

curve5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54.9 54.7 54.3 53.6 52.3 50 46.5 

41.5 35.3 28.5 21.9 16.1 11.5

curve6 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59.9 59.8 59.7 59.4 59.1 58.5 57.7 56.5 55 53.1 

50.7 47.9 44.7 41.1 37.3 33.4

curve7 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54.9 54.9 54.7 54.5 54.2 53.8 53.1 52.2 50.9 49.3 

47.3 44.9 42.1 39 35.7 32.2

curve8 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.6 49.4 49 48.5 47.7 46.7 45.4 

43.8 41.8 39.5 36.8 33.9 30.9
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 34 May, 2011

curve9 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 44.9 44.8 44.7 44.4 44.1 43.6 43 42.1 40.9 

39.4 37.6 35.5 33.1 30.5 27.8

curve10 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.8 49.7 49.4 49 48.4 47.5 46.5 45.1 43.5 41.7 39.6 37.3 34.9 

32.4 29.8 27.3 24.9 22.6 20.4

curve11 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.7 49.4 48.9 48 46.7 44.9 42.5 39.6 36.2 32.6 28.7 25 

21.4 18.2 15.3 12.9 10.8 9

curve12 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.8 49.6 49.1 48.2 46.8 44.5 41.4 37.5 32.9 28 23.1 18.7 

14.9 11.8 9.2 7.2 5.7 4.5

curve13 40 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.8 39.5 39.2 38.6 37.8 36.7 35.3 33.5 31.4 29 26.4 

23.7 21.1 18.5 16.1 13.9 12

curve14 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.8 39.6 39.1 38.5 37.5 36.1 34.3 32.1 29.4 26.5 23.5 20.5 

17.7 15.1 12.8 10.7 9 7.6

curve15 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.7 39.4 38.8 37.9 36.5 34.7 32.3 29.5 26.4 23.2 20 17 

14.3 11.9 9.9 8.2 6.8 5.6

curve16 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.8 34.5 34 33.2 32.1 30.5 28.5 26.1 23.5 20.6 17.9 15.2 

12.8 10.7 8.9 7.4 6.1 5.1

curve17 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.7 34.4 33.9 33.1 32 30.3 28.3 25.8 23.1 20.3 17.5 14.9 

12.5 10.4 8.6 7.2 5.9 4.9

curve18 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.6 34.2 33.5 32.4 30.9 28.8 26.3 23.4 20.4 17.4 14.6 12.1 

 9.9 8.1 6.6 5.4 4.4 3.6

curve19 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.8 29.5 29 28.2 27.1 25.6 23.7 21.5 19.1 16.6 14.2 12 

 10 8.3 6.8 5.6 4.6 3.8

curve20 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.7 29.4 28.9 28.1 26.9 25.3 23.4 21.1 18.6 16.1 13.6 11.4 

 9.5 7.8 6.4 5.3 4.3 3.6

curve21 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.7 29.3 28.7 27.7 26.2 24.4 22.1 19.6 17 14.4 12 9.9 

 8.1 6.6 5.4 4.4 3.6 2.9

VC RATIO TO LOS CONVERSION (VALUE SHOWN IS LOWER LIMIT FOR THAT LOS)(URBAN ROADS USE SPEED BREAKS BELOW FOR 

LOS DETERMINATION) (ALL USE THE BASE VC'S TO DETERMINE EXCEEDANCE)

 BASE RUR2 FWY 

A 0.00 0.00 0.00

B 0.30 0.00 0.25

C 0.50 0.10 0.40

D 0.70 0.30 0.60

E 0.90 0.50 0.80

F 1.00 1.00 1.00

F+ 1.10 1.10 1.10

F++ 1.30 1.30 1.30

SPEED VC RATIO BREAKS FOR URBAN STREETS (HIGHEST SPEED FOR GIVEN LOS & FF SPEED)

FFS B C D E F

>47 42. 34. 27. 21. 16.

>37 35. 28. 22. 17. 13.

>32 30. 24. 18. 14. 10.

<33 25. 19. 13. 9. 7.

LEVEL OF SERVICE THRESHOLD BY AREA

NUM LOS DEFINITION

1 F CINCINNATI,CLEVELAND,COLUMBUS CENTRAL MPO COUNTIES (CUY,FRA,HAM)

2 E OTHER TMA MPOS (AKRON,CANTON,DAYTON,TOLEDO,YOUNGSTOWN + NON-CENTRAL COUNTIES FROM 1)

3 E OTHER MPOS & PARTS OF AREAS 1 & 2 OUTSIDE URBANIZED AREA

4 E RURAL NON MPO COUNTIES
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 35 May, 2011

PEAK SPREADING MODEL INFO (SET MAX ITERATIONS TO 0 TO DISABLE PEAK SPREADING)

MAX VC RATIO FWY: 1.30

MAX VC RATIO ART: 1.30

MAX ITERATIONS : 1000

TRUCK PCE: {cm3tpce}

AQ SEASON FACTOR: {cm3aqfact}

ENDCOPY

rrmode='{cm3rmode}'

if(rrmode='NORMAL')

COPY FILE=dailyb.dat

MODEL CLASS PARAMETERS (MAX 4 CLASSES, HOURS 0-23 W/ NO OVERLAP IN CLASS, ALLOCATE ENTIRE CLASS AS TRUCK(1) 

OR NOT(0))

CLS TRK 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CLS BEG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CLS END 23 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CLS NUM 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ENDCOPY

 volff='li.1.{cm3volf}'

 trkfff='{cm3trkf}'

 if (trkfff == 'NONE') then

 trkff='_zero'

 else

 trkff='li.1.{cm3trkf}'

 endif

 vol1s='_zero'

 vol2s='_zero'

 vol3s='_zero'

 vol4s='_zero'

 vol5s='_zero'

 vol6s='_zero'

 vol7s='_zero'

 vol8s='_zero'

 vol9s='_zero'

 vol10s='_zero'

 vol11s='_zero'

 vol12s='_zero'

 vol13s='_zero'

 vol14s='_zero'

 vol15s='_zero'

 vol16s='_zero'

elseif(rrmode='4PERIOD_OMS')
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 36 May, 2011

COPY FILE=dailyb.dat

MODEL CLASS PARAMETERS (MAX 4 CLASSES, HOURS 0-23 W/ NO OVERLAP IN CLASS, ALLOCATE ENTIRE CLASS AS TRUCK(1) 

OR NOT(0))

CLS TRK 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CLS BEG 18 6 9 14 18 6 9 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CLS END 5 8 13 17 5 8 13 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

CLS NUM 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ENDCOPY

 volff='_zero'

 trkff='_zero'

 vol1s='li.1.volnt_aut'

 vol2s='li.1.volam_aut'

 vol3s='li.1.volmd_aut'

 vol4s='li.1.volpm_aut'

 vol5s='li.1.volnt_trk'

 vol6s='li.1.volam_trk'

 vol7s='li.1.volmd_trk'

 vol8s='li.1.volpm_trk'

 vol9s='_zero'

 vol10s='_zero'

 vol11s='_zero'

 vol12s='_zero'

 vol13s='_zero'

 vol14s='_zero'

 vol15s='_zero'

 vol16s='_zero'

elseif(rrmode='4PERIOD_SW')

COPY FILE=dailyb.dat

MODEL CLASS PARAMETERS (MAX 4 CLASSES, HOURS 0-23 W/ NO OVERLAP IN CLASS, ALLOCATE ENTIRE CLASS AS TRUCK(1) 

OR NOT(0))

CLS TRK 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 

 0 0 0 0

CLS BEG 19 7 10 16 19 7 10 16 0 0 0 0 

 0 0 0 0

CLS END 6 9 15 18 6 9 15 18 0 0 0 0 

 0 0 0 0 

CLS NUM 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 

 0 0 0 0

ENDCOPY

 volff='_zero'

 trkff='_zero'

 vol1s='li.1.evvol_aut'

 vol2s='li.1.amvol_aut'
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 37 May, 2011

 vol3s='li.1.mdvol_aut'

 vol4s='li.1.pmvol_aut'

 vol5s='li.1.evvol_trk'

 vol6s='li.1.amvol_trk'

 vol7s='li.1.mdvol_trk'

 vol8s='li.1.pmvol_trk'

 vol9s='_zero'

 vol10s='_zero'

 vol11s='_zero'

 vol12s='_zero'

 vol13s='_zero'

 vol14s='_zero'

 vol15s='_zero'

 vol16s='_zero'

elseif(rrmode='4PERIOD_MARKETSEGMENTS_SW')

COPY FILE=dailyb.dat

MODEL CLASS PARAMETERS (MAX 4 CLASSES, HOURS 0-23 W/ NO OVERLAP IN CLASS, ALLOCATE ENTIRE CLASS AS TRUCK(1) 

OR NOT(0))

CLS TRK 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CLS BEG 19 7 10 16 19 7 10 16 19 7 10 16 19 7 10 16

CLS END 6 9 15 18 6 9 15 18 6 9 15 18 6 9 15 18 

CLS NUM 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4

ENDCOPY

 volff='_zero'

 trkff='_zero'

 vol1s='li.1.evvol_autwk'

 vol2s='li.1.amvol_autwk'

 vol3s='li.1.mdvol_autwk'

 vol4s='li.1.pmvol_autwk'

 vol5s='li.1.evvol_trkhv'

 vol6s='li.1.amvol_trkhv'

 vol7s='li.1.mdvol_trkhv'

 vol8s='li.1.pmvol_trkhv'

 vol9s='li.1.evvol_autnw'

 vol10s='li.1.amvol_autnw'

 vol11s='li.1.mdvol_autnw'

 vol12s='li.1.pmvol_autnw'

 vol13s='li.1.evvol_trklt'

 vol14s='li.1.amvol_trklt'

 vol15s='li.1.mdvol_trklt'

 vol16s='li.1.pmvol_trklt'

endif

*if exist daily.dat del daily.dat
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 38 May, 2011

*copy dailya.dat+dailyb.dat daily.dat

*del dailya.dat

*del dailyb.dat

RUN PGM=NETWORK

 NETI={cm3neti.q}

 LINKO=templnk.txt, format = TXT, include = a(6),b(6),junk1(1),junk1(4),junks(1),moffpspd(4),

 ctoll(4),junkb(1),lanes(1),twidth(2),junkb(1),terrain(1),junk1(1),junkb(1),

 cap(6),vol(6),loneway(1),boffpspd(4),ttoll(4),junkb(1),blanes(1),areatype(1),admclass(1),

 junkb(1),bterrain(1),junk1(1),junkb(1),bcap(6),bvol(6),medturn(1),pcttrk(2),junk1(2),

 funclass(2),lnkgrp(2),mpostspd(2),jurisdic(1),county(3),rtenumb(5),junk1(7),nhs(1),

 fedfunc(2),trkvol(5),junkp(1),junk1(30),junk1(30),junk1(30),junk1(21),mdist(6),

 vol1(6),vol2(6),vol3(6),vol4(6),vol5(6),vol6(6),vol7(6),vol8(6),vol9(6),vol10(6),vol11(6),

 vol12(6),vol13(6),vol14(6),vol15(6),vol16(6)

 NODEO=tempnod.txt, format = TXT, include = junkn(1),n(6),x(11),y(11)

 PHASE=NODEMERGE

 junkn='N'

 ENDPHASE

 PHASE=LINKMERGE

 _zero=0

 junk1=0

 junks='S'

 junkp='P'

 fffff='{cm3pri}'

;CommentOUT==========

;if(fffff=='SW')

; if(li.1.admclass==1 && li.1.district <13 && li.1.district>0)

; junkp='P' ;state system

; elseif(li.1.district<13 && li.1.district>0)

; junkp='G' ;non-state

; else

; junkp='U' ;out of state

; endif

;elseif(fffff='OMS')

; if(li.1.admclass<6)

; junkp='P'

; else

; junkp='G'

; endif 

;endif 

;CommentOUT above

jurisdic=' '

nhs=0

fedfunc=li.1.fedfuncl
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 39 May, 2011

 junkb=' '

 ctoll=0;cartoll*10

 ttoll=0;trktoll*10

 mdist = LI.1.DIST*1000

 moffpspd=li.1.offpspd*100

 mpeakspd=li.1.peakspd*100

 cap=li.1.{cm3capf}*{cm3kfact}

 loneway='1' 

 bcap=0

 bvol=0

 boffpspd=0

 bpeakspd=0

 blanes=0

 bterrain=0

 mpostspd=round(li.1.postspd)

 vol=@volff@

 trkvol=@trkff@

 vol1=@vol1s@

 vol2=@vol2s@

 vol3=@vol3s@

 vol4=@vol4s@

 vol5=@vol5s@

 vol6=@vol6s@

 vol7=@vol7s@

 vol8=@vol8s@

 vol9=@vol9s@

 vol10=@vol10s@

 vol11=@vol11s@

 vol12=@vol12s@

 vol13=@vol13s@

 vol14=@vol14s@

 vol15=@vol15s@

 vol16=@vol16s@

 ENDPHASE

ENDRUN

aqmode='{cm3aqtype}'

if(aqmode=='MOBILE')

*copy {cm3effile.q} tempef.txt

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\postcms10.exe templnk.txt tempcms.txt N tempef.txt {cm3rmode}

*del tempef.txt

else

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\postcms10.exe templnk.txt tempcms.txt N NONE {cm3rmode}

endif

if(aqmode=='MOVES')
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 40 May, 2011

*copy {cm3effile.q} tempef.txt

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\movesnet.exe hourly.rpt tempef.txt cmstext.rpt {cm3aqfact}

endif

RUN PGM=NETWORK

 NETI[1]={cm3neti.q}

 LINKI[2]=tempcms.txt var=a,1-6,b,8-13,

 cVMT,97-111,cTRKVMT,113-128,cVOLPERLANE,130-137,cCONINDEX,139-146,

 cVCRATIO,148-155,cPEAKHOUR,157-160,cVHT,162-169,cCONGDELAY,171-178,

 cPHYSDELAY,180-187,cSPDLIMDELAY,189-196,cDELAYRATIO,198-205,

 cDIR1HRSEXCEED,229-232,cDIR2HRSEXCEED,234-237,cPKVMT,253-267,cEXCEEDVMT,269-283,

 cEXCEEDPKVMT,285-299,cLOS,317,1,,,1,

 select=(substr(record,1,1)!= 'A')

 NODEI[2]=tempnod.txt var=n,2-7, x,8-18, y,19-29

 NETO={cm3neto.q} 

 MERGE RECORD=F

ENDRUN

iiztype='{cm3iztype}'

if(iiztype=='TEXT')

*copy {cm3ifile.q} tempif.txt

elseif(iiztype=='OMSTABLE')

RUN PGM=MATRIX 

FILEO PRINTO[1] = tempif.txt

FILEI MATI[1] = {cm3ifile.q}

MW[1]=mi.1.5+mi.1.10+mi.1.15

jloop

if(j=i)

print list=i(4.0),mw[1][j](6.0),printo=1

endif

endjloop

ENDRUN

endif

if(iiztype!='NONE')

*copy {cm3afile.q} tempaf.txt

if(aqmode=='MOBILE')

*copy {cm3ieffile.q} tempief.txt

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\intracal2.exe tempif.txt summary.rpt tempaf.txt tempief.txt

*del tempief.txt
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 41 May, 2011

elseif(aqmode=='MOVES')

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\movesintra.exe tempif.txt tempef.txt tempaf.txt cmstext.rpt {cm3aqfact}

*del tempef.txt

endif

*del tempaf.txt

*DEL tempif.txt

endif

if(aqmode=='MOVES')

*copy {cm3ieffile.q} tempief.txt

*copy {cm3vfile.q} tempveh.txt

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\movesveh.exe tempveh.txt tempief.txt cmstext.rpt {cm3aqfact}

*del tempveh.txt

*del tempief.txt

endif

if(aqmode=='MOVES')

*echo MOVES BASED EMISSIONS REPORT > tempcom.txt

elseif(aqmode=='MOBILE')

*echo MOBILE BASED EMISSIONS REPORT >> tempcom.txt

else

*echo NO EMISSIONS ANALYSIS CONDUCTED >> tempcom.txt

endif

*echo {cm3aqcom} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Loaded Network: {cm3neti} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Network Emission Factors: {cm3effile} >> tempcom.txt

if(aqmode=='MOVES')

*echo Vehicle Emission Factors: {cm3ieffile} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Vehicle Population : {cm3vfile} >> tempcom.txt

else

*echo Intrazonal Emission Factors: {cm3ieffile} >> tempcom.txt

endif

*echo Intrazonal Trips : {cm3ifile} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Area File (sq mi): {cm3afile} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Volume Field Used: {cm3volf} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Capacity Field Used: {cm3capf} >> tempcom.txt

*echo ----------------------------------------- >> tempcom.txt

*copy /B tempcom.txt+cmstext.rpt {cm3rpto.q}

*if exist {cm3sumo.q} del {cm3sumo.q} 

*rename summary.rpt {cm3sumo.q}

*del tempcom.txt

*del cmstext.rpt

*DEL tempnod.txt
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 42 May, 2011

*DEL templnk.txt

*DEL tempcms.txt

hhro=rightstr('{cm3hro}',4)

if(hhro=='NONE')

*del hourly.rpt

else

*if exist {cm3hro.q} del {cm3hro.q}

*rename hourly.rpt {cm3hro.q}

endif

HPMS Based Emissions Estimates:

;[HPMS Based MOVES AQ Processor]

;;<<Process Template>>;;

;Input VMT File: {hpvmti,filename,"Input VMT 

File",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\hpms\FAI2005VMT.csv","Network File (*.csv)|*.csv"}

;Input Network (Distance) Emissions Factors: {hpeffile,filename,"Input Network (Distance) Emissions 

Factors",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2005MORPC_rpd.csv","Emissions File (*.fac;*.csv)|*.fac;*.csv"}

;Input Vehicle Emissions Factors: {hpieffile,filename,"Input Vehicle Emissions 

Factors",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2005MORPC_rpv.csv","Emissions File (*.csv)|*.csv"}

;Input vehicle file: {hpvfile,filename,"Input Vehicle 

File",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\FAI_STP2005MORPC.csv","Text File (*.csv)|*.csv"}

;Output TXT Report File: {hprpto,filename,"Output TXT Report 

File",x,"N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\hpms\h_fai_05.rpt","Report File (*.rpt;*.txt)|*.rpt;*.txt"}

;AQ Comment Line: {hpaqcom,editbox,"Optional AQ Report Comment",T,"PM2.5 Redesignation Analysis - morpc"}

;AQ Season Factor: {hpaqfact,comboedit,"AQ Season Factor (Ozone Only)","1.00","1.08"}

;;<<End Parameters>>;;

*if exist daily.dat del daily.dat

COPY FILE=daily.dat

HOUR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

PCTADT

URB FWY 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.2 5.2 7.3 6.4 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 6.1 

7.2 8.0 7.9 5.8 4.2 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.5

URB ART 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 3.5 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.3 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 

7.6 8.2 8.1 6.2 4.8 4.0 3.0 1.9 1.3

RUR FWY 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.2 3.7 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.5 

7.1 7.5 7.0 5.6 4.5 3.8 3.2 2.5 2.0

RUR ART 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.7 

7.6 8.1 7.7 5.6 4.2 3.5 2.8 1.9 1.3

ENDCOPY
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 43 May, 2011

*copy {hpvmti.q} tempvmt.txt

*copy {hpeffile.q} tempef.txt

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\moveshpms.exe tempvmt.txt tempef.txt tempout.txt {hpaqfact}

*del tempvmt.txt

*del tempef.txt

*copy {hpieffile.q} tempief.txt

*copy {hpvfile.q} tempveh.txt

*N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\utils\movesveh.exe tempveh.txt tempief.txt tempout.txt {hpaqfact}

*del tempveh.txt

*del tempief.txt

*echo MOVES BASED HPMS EMISSIONS REPORT > tempcom.txt

*echo {hpaqcom} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Input VMT File: {hpvmti} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Network Emission Factors: {hpeffile} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Vehicle Emission Factors: {hpieffile} >> tempcom.txt

*echo Vehicle Population: {hpieffile} >> tempcom.txt

*echo ----------------------------------------- >> tempcom.txt

*copy /B tempcom.txt+tempout.txt {hprpto.q}

*del tempout.txt

*del tempcom.txt

*del daily.dat
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 44 May, 2011

Appendix B – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2005

MOVES BASED EMISSIONS REPORT 

PM2.5 Redesignation Analysis - morpc 

Loaded Network: N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\networks\2005\AQ_asgn_2005.net 

Network Emission Factors: N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2005MORPC_rpd.csv 

Vehicle Emission Factors: N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2005MORPC_rpv.csv 

Vehicle Population : N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\STP2005MORPC.csv 

Intrazonal Trips : N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\intra_z\itrips05.txt 

Area File (sq mi): N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\AQ\area_taz\TAZ_areain.txt 

Volume Field Used: VOL24_TOT 

Capacity Field Used: CAP24 

-----------------------------------------

CMS/AQ REPORT

POSTCMS10, UPDATED DEC 2009, GTG

DATE:02/11/2011 TIME:16:05:27

PARAMETER FILE DUMP (DAILY.DAT FILE)

HOUR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

PCTADT 

 

URB FWY 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.2 5.2 7.3 6.4 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 6.1 

7.2 8.0 7.9 5.8 4.2 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.5

URB ART 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 3.5 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.3 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 

7.6 8.2 8.1 6.2 4.8 4.0 3.0 1.9 1.3

RUR FWY 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.2 3.7 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.5 

7.1 7.5 7.0 5.6 4.5 3.8 3.2 2.5 2.0

RUR ART 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.7 

7.6 8.1 7.7 5.6 4.2 3.5 2.8 1.9 1.3

PCTADT TRK 

 

URB FWY 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.9 4.6 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 

5.8 5.2 4.6 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.4

URB ART 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.3 3.9 5.9 6.9 6.7 7.1 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.4 

7.2 6.0 5.0 3.7 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.3

RUR FWY 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.1 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 

5.6 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.1
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 45 May, 2011

RUR ART 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.2 3.0 4.2 5.3 6.1 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.8 

6.3 5.5 4.6 3.8 3.1 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.7

PCTDIR 

 

URB FWY 38 40 40 46 56 64 70 70 68 62 58 52 52 52 50 

46 38 38 46 52 46 42 42 40

URB ART 44 46 44 48 54 62 66 68 64 56 54 52 50 50 50 

46 40 38 46 52 48 46 46 46

RUR FWY 44 46 48 54 60 68 68 64 58 54 52 50 50 52 52 

48 42 40 44 48 48 44 46 44

RUR ART 40 42 44 48 58 66 72 68 60 56 54 50 50 50 50 

46 40 38 46 50 46 44 44 44

 

 

LOS E VC 0 0.625 1.25 1.875 2.5 3.125 3.75 4.375 5 5.625 6.25 6.875 7.5 8.125 8.75 

9.375 10 10.625 11.25 11.875 12.5 13.125 13.75 14.375

SPEEDVC 

 

curve1 75 75 75 75 75 75 74.9 74.8 74.6 74.2 73.5 72.3 70.5 67.8 64.2 

59.5 54 47.7 41.2 34.9 28.9 23.7 19.2 15.5

curve2 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 69.9 69.8 69.6 69.2 68.4 67.1 65.1 62.2 

58.2 53 47 40.5 33.9 27.7 22.2 17.6 13.8

curve3 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 64.9 64.8 64.4 63.8 62.6 60.5 

57 52 45.4 37.8 29.9 22.7 16.7 12.1 8.6

curve4 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59.9 59.8 59.6 59.1 58.2 56.7 

54.3 50.8 46.1 40.3 33.8 27.3 21.3 16.2 12.2

curve5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54.9 54.7 54.3 53.6 

52.3 50 46.5 41.5 35.3 28.5 21.9 16.1 11.5

curve6 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59.9 59.8 59.7 59.4 59.1 58.5 57.7 

56.5 55 53.1 50.7 47.9 44.7 41.1 37.3 33.4

curve7 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 54.9 54.9 54.7 54.5 54.2 53.8 53.1 

52.2 50.9 49.3 47.3 44.9 42.1 39 35.7 32.2

curve8 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.6 49.4 49 48.5 

47.7 46.7 45.4 43.8 41.8 39.5 36.8 33.9 30.9

curve9 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 44.9 44.8 44.7 44.4 44.1 43.6 

43 42.1 40.9 39.4 37.6 35.5 33.1 30.5 27.8

curve10 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.8 49.7 49.4 49 48.4 47.5 46.5 45.1 43.5 41.7 

39.6 37.3 34.9 32.4 29.8 27.3 24.9 22.6 20.4

curve11 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.7 49.4 48.9 48 46.7 44.9 42.5 39.6 36.2 

32.6 28.7 25 21.4 18.2 15.3 12.9 10.8 9

curve12 50 50 50 50 50 49.9 49.8 49.6 49.1 48.2 46.8 44.5 41.4 37.5 32.9 

28 23.1 18.7 14.9 11.8 9.2 7.2 5.7 4.5

curve13 40 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.8 39.5 39.2 38.6 37.8 36.7 35.3 33.5 

31.4 29 26.4 23.7 21.1 18.5 16.1 13.9 12

curve14 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.8 39.6 39.1 38.5 37.5 36.1 34.3 32.1 29.4 

26.5 23.5 20.5 17.7 15.1 12.8 10.7 9 7.6

curve15 40 40 40 40 40 39.9 39.7 39.4 38.8 37.9 36.5 34.7 32.3 29.5 26.4 

23.2 20 17 14.3 11.9 9.9 8.2 6.8 5.6

curve16 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.8 34.5 34 33.2 32.1 30.5 28.5 26.1 23.5 

20.6 17.9 15.2 12.8 10.7 8.9 7.4 6.1 5.1

curve17 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.7 34.4 33.9 33.1 32 30.3 28.3 25.8 23.1 

20.3 17.5 14.9 12.5 10.4 8.6 7.2 5.9 4.9

curve18 35 35 35 35 35 34.9 34.6 34.2 33.5 32.4 30.9 28.8 26.3 23.4 20.4 

17.4 14.6 12.1 9.9 8.1 6.6 5.4 4.4 3.6
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 46 May, 2011

curve19 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.8 29.5 29 28.2 27.1 25.6 23.7 21.5 19.1 

16.6 14.2 12 10 8.3 6.8 5.6 4.6 3.8

curve20 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.7 29.4 28.9 28.1 26.9 25.3 23.4 21.1 18.6 

16.1 13.6 11.4 9.5 7.8 6.4 5.3 4.3 3.6

curve21 30 30 30 30 30 29.9 29.7 29.3 28.7 27.7 26.2 24.4 22.1 19.6 17 

14.4 12 9.9 8.1 6.6 5.4 4.4 3.6 2.9

 

VC RATIO TO LOS CONVERSION (VALUE SHOWN IS LOWER LIMIT FOR THAT LOS)(URBAN ROADS USE SPEED 

BREAKS BELOW FOR LOS DETERMINATION) (ALL USE THE BASE VC'S TO DETERMINE EXCEEDANCE) 

 BASE RUR2 FWY 

A 0.00 0.00 0.00 

B 0.30 0.00 0.25 

C 0.50 0.10 0.40 

D 0.70 0.30 0.60 

E 0.90 0.50 0.80 

F 1.00 1.00 1.00 

F+ 1.10 1.10 1.10 

F++ 1.30 1.30 1.30 

 

SPEED VC RATIO BREAKS FOR URBAN STREETS (HIGHEST SPEED FOR GIVEN LOS & FF SPEED) 

 

FFS B C D E F 

>47 42. 34. 27. 21. 16. 

>37 35. 28. 22. 17. 13. 

>32 30. 24. 18. 14. 10. 

<33 25. 19. 13. 9. 7. 

 

LEVEL OF SERVICE THRESHOLD BY AREA 

 

NUM LOS DEFINITION 

 

1 F CINCINNATI,CLEVELAND,COLUMBUS CENTRAL MPO COUNTIES (CUY,FRA,HAM) 

 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 47 May, 2011

2 E OTHER TMA MPOS (AKRON,CANTON,DAYTON,TOLEDO,YOUNGSTOWN + NON-CENTRAL COUNTIES FROM 1) 

 

3 E OTHER MPOS & PARTS OF AREAS 1 & 2 OUTSIDE URBANIZED AREA 

 

4 E RURAL NON MPO COUNTIES 

 

 

PEAK SPREADING MODEL INFO (SET MAX ITERATIONS TO 0 TO DISABLE PEAK SPREADING) 

 

MAX VC RATIO FWY: 1.30 

 

MAX VC RATIO ART: 1.30 

 

MAX ITERATIONS : 1000 

 

 

TRUCK PCE: 2.0 

 

AQ SEASON FACTOR: 1.00 

 

 

MODEL CLASS PARAMETERS (MAX 4 CLASSES, HOURS 0-23 W/ NO OVERLAP IN CLASS, ALLOCATE ENTIRE CLASS 

AS TRUCK(1) OR NOT(0)) 

CLS TRK 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 

CLS BEG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 

CLS END 23 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 

CLS NUM 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 

 

MOVES NETWORK LINK EMISSIONS OUTPUT

COUNTY MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 48 May, 2011

MOVES NETWORK LINK EMISSIONS OUTPUT 2005

COUNTY MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

DEL APRIL 4333210. 0.0000 12.2202 0.2244 0.3736

FAI APRIL 1544881. 0.0000 4.3001 0.0797 0.1337

FRA APRIL 29768210. 0.0000 87.9714 1.6485 3.0302

LIC APRIL 4574656. 0.0000 13.0015 0.2374 0.3962

2005 intraz FRA

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 24145. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 24145. 0.0000 0.0799 0.0017 0.0033

 JULY 24145. 0.0000 0.0812 0.0018 0.0031

2005 intraz DEL

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 4331. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 4331. 0.0000 0.0143 0.0003 0.0006

 JULY 4331. 0.0000 0.0146 0.0003 0.0006

2005 intraz LIC

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 9886. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 9886. 0.0000 0.0327 0.0007 0.0013

 JULY 9886. 0.0000 0.0332 0.0007 0.0013

2005 intraz FAI

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 6216. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 6216. 0.0000 0.0206 0.0004 0.0008

 JULY 6216. 0.0000 0.0209 0.0005 0.0008
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 49 May, 2011

Appendix C – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2008

MOVES NETWORK LINK EMISSIONS OUTPUT 2008

COUNTY MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

DEL APRIL 4881406. 0.0000 10.4465 0.0760 0.3439

FAI APRIL 1689444. 0.0000 3.5603 0.0262 0.1172

FRA APRIL 32040648. 0.0000 71.7951 0.5300 2.6508

LIC APRIL 5008579. 0.0000 10.7507 0.0776 0.3444

2008 intraz FRA

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 24970. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 24970. 0.0000 0.0635 0.0005 0.0029

 JULY 24970. 0.0000 0.0654 0.0006 0.0027

2008 intraz DEL

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 4845. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 4845. 0.0000 0.0123 0.0001 0.0006

 JULY 4845. 0.0000 0.0127 0.0001 0.0005

2008 intraz LIC

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 10631. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 10631. 0.0000 0.0271 0.0002 0.0012

 JULY 10631. 0.0000 0.0278 0.0002 0.0011

2008 intraz FAI

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 6660. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 6660. 0.0000 0.0170 0.0001 0.0008

 JULY 6660. 0.0000 0.0174 0.0002 0.0007
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 50 May, 2011

Appendix D – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emission Run Report for 2015

MOVES NETWORK LINK EMISSIONS OUTPUT 2015

COUNTY MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

DEL APRIL 5936352. 0.0000 5.0920 0.0370 0.1878

FAI APRIL 2017796. 0.0000 1.7051 0.0126 0.0637

FRA APRIL 35085168. 0.0000 31.6081 0.2335 1.3307

LIC APRIL 5749044. 0.0000 4.9624 0.0357 0.1767

2015 intraz FRA

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 26817. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 26817. 0.0000 0.0273 0.0002 0.0015

 JULY 26817. 0.0000 0.0283 0.0002 0.0013

2015 intraz DEL

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 6486. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 6486. 0.0000 0.0066 0.0001 0.0004

 JULY 6486. 0.0000 0.0068 0.0001 0.0003

2015 intraz LIC

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 12169. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 12169. 0.0000 0.0124 0.0001 0.0007

 JULY 12169. 0.0000 0.0128 0.0001 0.0006

2015 intraz FAI

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 7961. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 7961. 0.0000 0.0081 0.0001 0.0004

 JULY 7961. 0.0000 0.0084 0.0001 0.0004
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 51 May, 2011

Appendix E – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emissions Run Report for 2022

MOVES NETWORK LINK EMISSIONS OUTPUT 2022

COUNTY MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

DEL APRIL 6957105. 0.0000 2.5339 0.0391 0.1229

FAI APRIL 2252721. 0.0000 0.8030 0.0127 0.0400

FRA APRIL 37533228. 0.0000 14.4440 0.2252 0.8139

LIC APRIL 6341792. 0.0000 2.3236 0.0355 0.1077

2022 intraz FRA

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 28130. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 28130. 0.0000 0.0118 0.0002 0.0009

 JULY 28130. 0.0000 0.0124 0.0002 0.0008

2022 intraz DEL

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 8292. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 8292. 0.0000 0.0035 0.0001 0.0003

 JULY 8292. 0.0000 0.0037 0.0001 0.0002

2022 intraz LIC

 MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 13078. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 13078. 0.0000 0.0055 0.0001 0.0004

 JULY 13078. 0.0000 0.0058 0.0001 0.0004

2022 intraz FAI

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 9322. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 9322. 0.0000 0.0039 0.0001 0.0003

 JULY 9322. 0.0000 0.0041 0.0001 0.0003
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 52 May, 2011

Appendix F – MORPC Travel Demand Model Emissions Run Report for 2035

MOVES NETWORK LINK EMISSIONS OUTPUT 2035

COUNTY MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

DEL APRIL 9303783. 0.0000 2.1714 0.0477 0.1424

FAI APRIL 2835737. 0.0000 0.6455 0.0145 0.0438

FRA APRIL 43304036. 0.0000 10.7122 0.2372 0.8115

LIC APRIL 7621445. 0.0000 1.8012 0.0387 0.1106

2035 intraz FRA

 MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 31455. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 31455. 0.0000 0.0081 0.0002 0.0009

 JULY 31455. 0.0000 0.0086 0.0002 0.0008

2035 intraz DEL

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 12839. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 12839. 0.0000 0.0033 0.0001 0.0004

 JULY 12839. 0.0000 0.0035 0.0001 0.0003

2035 intraz LIC

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 15562. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 15562. 0.0000 0.0040 0.0001 0.0004

 JULY 15562. 0.0000 0.0042 0.0001 0.0004

2035 intraz FAI

MOVES INTRAZONAL EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 14561. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 14561. 0.0000 0.0037 0.0001 0.0004

 JULY 14561. 0.0000 0.0040 0.0001 0.0003
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 53 May, 2011

Appendix G – MORPC HPMS VMT and Emissions

MOVES BASED HPMS EMISSIONS REPORT 

PM2.5 Redesignation Analysis - morpc 

Input VMT File: N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\hpms\COS2005VMT.csv 

Network Emission Factors: N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2005MORPC_rpd.csv 

Vehicle Emission Factors: N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2005MORPC_rpv.csv 

Vehicle Population: N:\AQ\MOVES\morpc\model\factors\2005MORPC_rpv.csv 

-----------------------------------------

DATE:02/14/2011 TIME:15:25:41

PARAMETER FILE DUMP (DAILY.DAT FILE)

HOUR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

PCTADT 

 

URB FWY 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.2 5.2 7.3 6.4 5.2 4.9 5.1 

5.3 5.5 6.1 7.2 8.0 7.9 5.8 4.2 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.5

URB ART 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 3.5 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.3 6.2 

6.5 6.4 6.8 7.6 8.2 8.1 6.2 4.8 4.0 3.0 1.9 1.3

RUR FWY 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.2 3.7 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 

5.7 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.5 7.0 5.6 4.5 3.8 3.2 2.5 2.0

RUR ART 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.4 4.8 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.8 

6.0 6.0 6.7 7.6 8.1 7.7 5.6 4.2 3.5 2.8 1.9 1.3

AQ SEASON FACTOR: 1.00000000
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 54 May, 2011

2005 FAIRFIELD COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 1614197. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 1614197. 0.0000 4.5697 0.0874 0.1575

 JULY 1614197. 0.0000 4.2749 0.0922 0.1464

2008 FAIRFIELD COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 1502264. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 1502264. 0.0000 3.2247 0.0243 0.1222

 JULY 1502264. 0.0000 3.0498 0.0259 0.1138

2015 FAIRFIELD COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 1573480. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 1573480. 0.0000 1.3468 0.0101 0.0571

 JULY 1573480. 0.0000 1.2767 0.0110 0.0513

2022 FAIRFIELD COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 1607751. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 1607751. 0.0000 0.5733 0.0093 0.0319

 JULY 1607751. 0.0000 0.5529 0.0101 0.0269

2035 FAIRFIELD COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 1731584. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 1731584. 0.0000 0.3893 0.0090 0.0290

 JULY 1731584. 0.0000 0.3793 0.0099 0.0239
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 55 May, 2011

2005 COSHOCTON COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 59548. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 59548. 0.0000 0.1812 0.0036 0.0072

 JULY 59548. 0.0000 0.1731 0.0039 0.0068

2008 COSHOCTON COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 58602. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 58602. 0.0000 0.1362 0.0011 0.0059

 JULY 58602. 0.0000 0.1315 0.0011 0.0056

2015 COSHOCTON COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 62547. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 62547. 0.0000 0.0578 0.0004 0.0029

 JULY 62547. 0.0000 0.0559 0.0005 0.0027

2022 COSHOCTON COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 63264. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 63264. 0.0000 0.0240 0.0004 0.0016

 JULY 63264. 0.0000 0.0236 0.0004 0.0014

2035 COSHOCTON COUNTY

MOVES HPMS EMISSIONS OUTPUT

 MONTH VMT HC NOX SO2 PM2.5

 JANUARY 65837. 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 APRIL 65837. 0.0000 0.0154 0.0004 0.0015

 JULY 65837. 0.0000 0.0152 0.0004 0.0013
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 56 May, 2011

Appendix H – Interagency consultation - Teleconference call meeting minutes

11/4/10 Call

Interagency Consultation

Annual PM2.5 Redesignations Planning

Columbus Area

Minutes

Participants:

Dave Moore - ODOT

Nino Brunello - ODOT

Leigh Oesterling - FHWA

Sandy Mapel - LCATS

Nick Gill - MORPC

Chandra Parasa - MORPC

Patricia Morris – USEPA Region 5

Jennifer Hunter – Ohio EPA

Carolina Prado – Ohio EPA

Call objective:

- Annual PM2.5 redesignation planning for the Columbus nonattainment area.

- Model mobile emissions for PM2.5, NOx and SO2.

- Years to be model: 2005 (base nonattainment year), 2008 (attainment year), 2015 

(interim budget year), and 2022 (maintenance budget year).

- Agree upon responsibilities and timing for the generation of on-road (mobile) 

emissions as part of the annual PM2.5 redesignation requirements for the Columbus 

area.

Agreements:

- ODOT will develop the Emission Model database and submit it to MORPC.

- MORPC will develop the Travel Model database and combine it with the 

Emission Model to run MOVES.

- ODOT will develop Columbus assumptions document similar to those used in the 

Huntington-Ashland area assumptions protocol. MORPC will assist as needed.

- MORPC will provide final protocol write up on the procedures, steps and 

assumptions used to run MOVES and obtain mobile emissions. OEPA is 

providing OKI write-up as template.

- OEPA will review data and justify, if appropriate, insignificance of SO2.

Timeline:

November 11, 2010 – ODOT will submit assumptions protocol draft to OEPA for 

distribution for comments.
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 57 May, 2011

November 17, 2010 – All IAC group comments on protocol assumptions should be 

sent back to ODOT. 

November 24, 2010 – ODOT will distribute final protocol assumptions. 

Mid December 2010 – ODOT will have Emission Model completed.

Mid January 2010 – MORPC will have mobile emissions runs completed and 

write-up. Will be provided to OEPA.

OEPA will provide notice to all persons on this list when draft redesignation request out 

for comment.

The IAC group will have the next call on December 15, 2010 at 11:00am EST.

Call in number 614-644-4743

*not discussed on this call but should be on next – agreeing on margin of safety to be 

added to 2015 and 2022 mobile budgets.
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 58 May, 2011

Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Annual Standard

Several parameters have been identified for use in the preparation of this analysis. The 

parameters listed below will be applied in the base MOVES setup:

Pollutants to be monitored: SO2, NOx, and PM2.5

Model years: 2005, 2008 (leap year), 2015, and 2022 (reflecting the most recent 

correspondence from EPA)

MOVES modeling technique: Emission Factor method

o Rates per Distance

o Rates per Vehicle

o (Rates per Profile are used only for VOCs)

Scale: Custom domain

Time Span:

o Time aggregation: Hour

o 1 month representing average annual temperatures

o All hours of day selected

o 16 speed bins

o Weekdays only

Geographic Bounds: Custom Domain – all counties in the MORPC area

Vehicles/Equipment: All source types, gasoline and diesel

Road Type: All road types including off-network

Pollutants and Processes: NOx, All PM2.5 categories, SO2, Total Energy Consumption

Strategies: none

General Output: Units = grams, joules and miles

Output Emissions: Time = hour, Location = custom area, on-road emission rates by road 

type and source use type.

Advanced Performance: none

The following assumptions will be applied within the County Data Manager portion of the 

MOVES software package. Each parameter is identified, along with the source data that will be 

applied (if applicable).

Source Type Population: Combination of local and default data. Local data (2010) 

ODOT from motor vehicle registration data. Default data used for source types 41, 61, 

and 62. Future year growth rate based on MPO model variable Household growth rate

Vehicle Type VMT: Combination of local and default data. HPMSVTypeYear VMT = 

daily VMT from travel demand model with EPA’s daily to annual VMT converter 

applied. monthVMTFraction = default. dayVMTFraction=default. 

hourVMTFraction=local.

I/M Programs: I/M program information will be applied for 2005 where applicable.

Fuel Formulation: Modify diesel sulfur fraction to match previous MOBILE inputs. 

Future runs will also be modified for reformulated gas, RVP, etc. for summer analyses.

Fuel Supply: Using MOVES default data.
Central Ohio On-Road Mobile Emission Estimates 59 May, 2011

Meteorology Data: Local data obtained from NOAA National Climatic Data Center. 

Data will consist of monthly high and low temperatures and daily relative humidity.

Ramp Fraction: Using the base year travel demand model for VHT fractions. Future 

fractions will be assumed constant.

Road Type Distribution: Use ODOT (and some WVDOT) county summary VMT 

categorized by federal functional classes

Age Distribution: Combination of local and default data. Local data (2010) ODOT from 

motor vehicle registration data (also some WVDO data). Default data used for source 

types 41, 51, 54, 61, and 62. The same age distribution will be used for all analysis years.

Average Speed Distribution: Using MOVES default data. Data source does not matter 

because it is ignored when calculating emission rates.

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Types: Default file will be modified to reflect any CNG buses. 
ATTACHMENT D 
Regional Quality Analyses for

Ozone, PM2.5 and Regional Haze:

Technical Support Document Supplement

September 12, 2008

States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and

Wisconsin

The document can be found at:

.b.!!P://www.epa.ohio.g.QYLportals/27/SIP/AQ,Pendix%20 0-

2 TSD SUJ2.plement without CAIR modeling FINAL.lli!f
ATTACHMENT E 
Public Notice 

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 

Redesignation and Maintenance Plan for the Columbus Annual PM2.5

Nonattainment Area 

Coshocton, Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, and Licking Counties 

Notice is hereby given that the Director of the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, 

(Ohio EPA) is requesting that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. 

EPA) revise the current air quality designation for the Columbus area, including 

Coshocton, Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, and Licking counties to attainment with 

respect to the 1997 annual PM2.5 national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). Fine 

particle pollution or PM2.5 is a mixture of microscopic solids and liquid droplets 

suspended in air that is 2.5 micrometers in diameter and smaller – 1/30th the diameter of 

a human hair. PM2.5 can be emitted directly or formed secondarily in the atmosphere. 

Air quality monitoring data collected between 2008 and 2010 in the region demonstrate 

attainment of the NAAQS and there is evidence that the improved air quality is due to 

permanent, enforceable emission reductions. In addition, existing requirements are 

sufficient to maintain the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard in this area at least ten years into 

the future. 

Computer models show that existing state and federal emission reduction requirements 

are sufficient to attain and maintain the NAAQS in the Columbus area. Therefore, Ohio 

EPA proposes to utilize existing emission inventory information and projections of future 

emissions as the demonstration of the ability to maintain the NAAQS in the Columbus 

area in the future. 

The Columbus area is currently designated as nonattainment for the 1997 annual PM2.5

standard. As part of an acceptable maintenance plan, Ohio EPA is required to develop 

a contingency plan to provide for additional emission reductions if a violation of the 

NAAQS is monitored after the area has been redesignated. The plan which Ohio EPA is 

proposing to USEPA as part of this redesignation contains reductions which will help 

alleviate the ambient problem until a revised SIP can be developed. 

The State of Ohio proposes to: 

1. Request the U.S. EPA redesignate the Columbus area to attainment with respect 

to the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS and revise the maintenance plan. This request 

will document that existing enforceable control measures are responsible for the 

observed improvement in air quality. 

2. Designate existing controls as sufficient to maintain the NAAQS into the future. 

3. Commit to the proposed contingency plan. 
These actions must be noticed to allow public comment and to satisfy USEPA 

requirements for public involvement in SIP related activities. This notice addresses Ohio 

EPA’s reliance on the emission projections as evidence of attainment and maintenance 

and the commitment to institute contingency measures if ambient exceedances or 

violations trigger the contingency plan requirements. Written comments will be received 

on or before April 21, 2011 at the following address: 

E-mail: Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us

Mailing address: Carolina Prado 

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, DAPC 

Lazarus Government Center 

P.O. Box 1049 

Columbus, Ohio 43216-1049 

Phone: (614)- 728-1743 

Pursuant to Section 119.03 of the Ohio Revised Code, a public hearing on this 

redesignation request will be conducted as follows: April 21, 2011 at 1:30 PM, at Ohio 

EPA’s Central Office located at 50 West Town Street, Columbus, Ohio. 

All interested persons are entitled to attend or be represented at the hearings and give 

written or oral comments on these changes. All oral comments presented at the 

hearing, and all written statements submitted at the hearing or to the above address by 

the close of business on April 21, 2011 will be considered by Ohio EPA prior to final 

action on this redesignation. Written statements submitted after April 21, 2011 may be 

considered as time and circumstances permit, but will not be part of the official record of 

the hearing. 

This redesignation and maintenance request is available on Ohio EPA DAPC’s Web 

page for electronic downloading at: http://www.epa.ohio.gov/dapc/SIP/annual.aspx. 

Questions regarding accessing the web site should be directed to Arunee Niamlarb at 

614-728-1342; other questions or comments about this document should be directed to 

either Carolina Prado, (614)-644-2310, Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us or Jennifer 

Hunter at (614) 644-3696, Jennifer.Hunter@epa.state.oh.us or mailed to Carolina Prado 

or Jennifer Hunter at the above address. 
m-!t~ Mld-OIllo Regional Planning Commission

April 20, 2011

Carolina Prado

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, DAPC

P.O. Box 1049

Columbus, Ohio 43216-1049

RE: 1997 Annual PM2.5 Standard Redesignation Request Proposal for Central Ohio Nonattainment

Dear Ms. Prado:

111 Uberty Street

Suite 100

Columbus, Ohio 43215

614.228.2663

f 614.228.1904

IItD 1.800.886.2663

www.morpc,org

The Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MORPC) is a voluntary association of over 40 local governments

in central Ohio, Our members recognize the importance of ciean air and how it impacts the quality of life in the

region, Most importantly, we want to ensure that central Ohio maintains healthy air quality levels. As you know,

according to US, EPA exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to a variety of short and long-term

health effects, including triggering asthma and heart attacks, arrhythmias, increased susceptibility to

respiratory infections, reduced lung function, the development of chronic bronchitis and even premature death,

Furthermore, if our region does not continue to work diligently to manage air pollution, it could adversely impact

our ability to attract and retain businesses,

We believe Ohio EPA has demonstrated attainment of the 1997 Annual PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality

Standard in the central Ohio area (Coshocton, Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, and Licking counties) and strongly

support the agency's request for redesignation to attainment We would like to ensure the Mobile Vehicle

Emission BUdgets outlined in the document provide adequate margin to allow the region to demonstrate

transportation conformity as required by federal regulations, We believe the 15 percent increase in the 2015

and 2022 projections for the mobile emissions bUdget is adequate for these purposes, Finally, we support the

procedures outlined in the Contingency Plan as reasonable measures to proactively address potential future

PM2.5levels above of the standard,

MORPC will continue to do its part to reduce PM2.5 emissions at the local level by promoting Travel Demand

Management programs, such as transit, vanpooling and carpooling, and working with diesel fleets to install

emission-control technology, We will also continue to fund and administer a regional Air Quality Awareness

Program, including daily air quality forecasts for the public,

Sincerely,

Chester R. Jourdan, Jr.

Executive Director

DemckR;Clay

Chair

Marilyn Brown

Vice Chair

Eric S.PhIUlpS

Secretary

Cbest&rR. Jourdan, Jr.

Executive Director
April 21, 2011

1.207 Grandvlevv /',vc"n'10.

Columbus, Oh~o 43212

201

Ohio Environmental Council's Comments on Proposed redesignation of central Ohio in meeting

the 1997 national fine particulate matter standard

The Ohio Environmental Council (OEC) is a statewide, nonprofit environmental organization whose mission is

to secure healthy air, land, and water for all who call Ohio home. On behalf of our over 100 environmental and

conservation member organizations and thousands of members throughout the state of Ohio, the Ohio

Environmental Council respectfully submits the following comments on the proposed redesignation of central

Ohio in meeting the 1997 PM 2.5 standard.

Particulate matter comes from a variety of sources: cars, diesel trucks, diesel buses, planes, trains, and heavy

duty construction equipment. These emissions are from a variety of sectors. It is our understanding that the

2009 Statewide Annual Emission Inventory used the U.s. EPA's Mobile 6.2 model. More recentfy-2010-the

U.s. EPA revamped the model to add more variables and has changed the model to MOVES.

In Franklin County estimates for 2015 from the non road contribution of PM 2.5 are 486.25 tons and the on

road contributing 352.28 tons. Together, these two sectors contribute the majority of PM 2.5. One major

source of PM 2.5 is diesel engines. Diesel exhaust contains formaldehyde, benzene, volatile organic

compounds, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and more 40 known air toxins. Below is a simplified diesel

particle.

Diesel Particle

To"lc8

Matals

Sacondary Su!lab> and Nitrate

Organic Carbon Compounds

Efem"ntal Camon Cor"

Diesel particles are carbon at their core with toxics and

carcinogenic substances attached to their surfaces.

This deadly stew is 3 times higher than the combined total cancer risk from all other air toxics.

PM 2.5 is a serious problem in Ohio. PM 2.5 is l/3o'h the width of a human hair and when breathed, bypasses

the body's natural defenses to get lodged in the lungs or go into the blood stream. Below is a graph

demonstrating PM 2.5'S small size:

" PM" "2,5 mlcromll'llW; In

dillmeler

The width Df a human hair Is 30 times larger than

the smallest fine particle.

1
This pollutant can contribute to asthma attacks, heart and lung disease, respiratory-related hospital visits and

preventable death.

The Clean Air Task Force, from an analysis by ABT Associates using U.S. EPA-based methodology, projects that

2010 saw the following health impacts (in the U.S.):

Adults

21,000Premature Deaths

27,000Non-Fatal Heart Attacks

41o,000Asthma Attacks

12,000Chronic Bronchitis

2>400,000Work Loss Days (WLD)

14,000,000Minor Restricted Activity Days (MRAD)

Children

15,000Asthma ER Visits

29,000Acute Bronchitis

330,000Lower Respiratory Symptoms

270,000Upper Respiratory Symptoms

The annual number of deaths associated with diesel pollution is more than drunk driving, firearm homicide,

HIV/AIDS and workplace deaths-see below.

2" hand smoke: 38,000

Power Plant Emissions: 24,000

Diesel soot: 21,000

Drunk driving: 17,000

Firearm homicide: 11,000

HIV/AIDS: 9,000

Workplace: 5,000

(Source: Clean Air Task Force)

Additionally, fine particles from diesel engines impact central Ohioans' health:

84Premature Deaths

118Non-Fatal Heart Attacks

3,018Asthma Attacks

57Chronic Bronchitis

12,772Work Loss Days (WLD)

74,055Minor Restricted Activity Days (MRAD)

The lifetime cancer risk from diesel soot in Franklin County is 223 times greater than the EPA's acceptable

cancer level of 1 in a million.

Furthermore, asthma, occurrences of which often are tied to poor air quality, is the most frequent admitting

diagnosis at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Franklin County has 16.5% of children diagnosed with asthmathat is higher than the state average of 15.4% and the federal average of 14%.

Below are a few of the many studies that have looked at the deadly toll from diesel emissions:

2
• A 2009 OSU College of Public Health (Dr. Sun) study revealed exposure to diesel exhaust increases

angiogenesis and vasculogenesis-one of the fundamental mechanisms for solid tumor growth.

• A 2004 study of highway patrol officers exposed over a shift, particulate matter was linked to irregular

heartbeats and increases in blood inflammatory markers (source: Particulate matter exposure in cars

is associated with cardiovascular effects in healthy young men; American Journal of Respiratory and

Critical Care Medicine, v. 169, p. 934-940)

• A 2007 Harvard study of 54,000 workers in the trucking industry found a higher risk in heart disease in

the trucking industry compared to the general u.s. population: a 49% higher risk in drivers, a 32%

higher risk in dock workers, and a 34% higher risk in shop workers (source: Cause·specific mortality in

the trucking industry. Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 8. p. 1192-1196)

• A 2010 study correlates prenatal freeway traffic proximity in California and incidence of autism. The

risk of autism is nearly double (86% increase) inside 1,000 feet. Diesel exhaust could be a risk factor.

(source: Health effects of real-world exposure to diesel exhaust in persons with asthma. Res Rep

Health Eff Inst. 2009 Feb; (138): 5-109; discussion 111'23).

• Case control study (pub. American Journal of Industrial Medicine) 2001,50% excess risk of colon

cancer in men related to exposure to diesel engine emissions.

• CARB School Bus Exposure Study (2003)-''self pollution" is a source of exposure; Increased child's

lifetime cancer risk due to diesel PM by 4%.

• Yale Study (Feb 2002)-Children's exposure to PM on school buses is as much as 5-15 times higher than

background levels [on buses not retrofitted with emission controls].

The monetized value of health impacts from diesel soot in Ohio are projected at $5.1 billion a year.

Moreover, there are environmental damages particle polluting causes to our already impacted wetlands,

streams, wildlife, and climate. Black carbon is a basis for particulate matter. Studies have revealed that black

carbon is about 2,000 times more potent a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide over a 20 year period.

According to the u.s. EPA over 37% of land·based PM in the u.s. comes from construction equipment.

Additionally, diesel emissions contribute to the deadening of our waterways, smog, and crop damage.

The Agency projects that PM 2.5 emissions from on·road mobile sources will drop from 968.60 tons in 2008 to

486.25 in 2015. The Agency incorporated a 15% margin of safety when coming up with the projected numbers.

The agency states a 15% margin of safety is justified because the variation in VMT forecast; expected

modifications to TOM and mobile emission models and total decrease in emissions from all sources.

Several questions remain: did the modeling take into account the economic recession when not as many new

trucks may have been purchased/used on the road? Did it take into account the possibility that not as many

construction projects occurred over the three year span? Did the modeling over emphasis the 2007 on road

diesel emission rule and its impact? Did the model take into account the anti-module transportation option

environment we now face? Did the model take into account the growing trend of using outdoor wood fired

boilers (which contribute to PM 2.5 emission)?

The Ohio EPA and many groups in Ohio, including OEC, have made great strides in cleaning the air. But we

should not rest on our laurels. No doubt the air is cleaner than it was before but the real question is has state

3
government done enough? We know that the full health benefits from the onroad and nonroad diesel clean up

regulations won't be felt for another 20-30 years. In the meantime 11-12 million existing diesel engines

continue to turn out the deadly pollutants. Maybe 1 million or 1.5 million have been cleaned up; but that still

leaves a substantial number of dirty diesel engines out there.

If accepted, the redesignation took us more than 14 years to meet the standard. As we move forward we can't

afford to wait another 14 years to meet any newer standard that may come out. We must do everything

feasible to achieve maximum reductions in diesel pollution.

Additional steps the Ohio EPA and state government can take to reduce the death toll from diesel engines:

*Fund the Diesel Emission Reduction Grant program in the amount of $20 million a year;

*Adopt clean construction requirements on all public works projects that require 85% or more reduction in

pollution from the construction vehicles;

*Adopt a no-idling law with no more than idling for 5 minutes in a 60 minute time frame with few exceptions;

*Adopt an E-check-like program for on road diesel trucks;

* (Re)invest in Truck Stop Electrification; and

*Develop a low/no interest program that targets tier zero construction vehicles to be replaced with tier 3 or 4.

Additionally, adopt strong rules regulating the OWB menace.

In short, we need the Kasich Administration and the General Assembly to step up and make Ohio a leader in

the Midwest instead of a laggard when it comes to cleaning up poor air quality. We know that every dollar

invested in diesel cleanup yields anywhere from $12 to $20 in health care savings. The days of dirty, deadly,

diesel emissions are numbered, let's put the final nail in the coffin by adopting strong measures that protect

the public's health. Thank you again for this opportunity to comment on this important issue.

Sincerely,

David R. Celebrezze

Dir. of Air & Water

Special Projects

4
April 21, 2011

Verbal Testimony of David R. Celebrezze, OEC

Thank you for this opportunity to submit comments on the Ohio EPA's request to U.S. EPA that central Ohio be

redesignated as meeting the 1997 national fine particulate matter standard. I wi!! submit more detailed comments in

my written testimony.

The Ohio Environmental Council (OEC) is a statewide, nonprofit environmental organization whose mission is to

secure healthy air, land, and water for all who call Ohio home. We have thousands of individual members and more

than 100environmentai and conservation member organizations.

Particulate matter comes from a variety of sources: cars, trucks, buses, planes, trains, and heavy duty construction

equipment. These emissions are from a variety of sectors.

One major source of PM 2.5 is diesel engines. Diesel exhaust contains formaldehyde, benzene, volatile organie

compounds, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and more 40 known air toxins. ;"

This deadly stew is 3 times higher than the combined total cancer risk from all other air toxies.

PM 2.5 is a serious problem in Ohio. It is 1130th the width of a human hair and when breathed, bypasses the body's

natural defenses to get lodged in the lungs or go into the blood stream

This pollutant can contribute to asthma attacks, heart and lung disease, respiratory-related hospital visits and

preventable death.

The Clean Air Task Force, using U.s. EPA-based methodology, projects that 2010 saw the following health impacts (in

the U.S.):

Adults

21,000Prematu re Deaths

27,000Non-Fatal Heart Attacks

410,OooAsthma Attacks

Children

15,000Asthma ER Visits

29,oooAcute Bronchitis

The annual number of deaths associated with diesel pollution is more than drunk driving, firearm homicide,

HIVIAIDS and workplace deaths.

Additionally, fine particles from diesel engines impact central Ohioans' health:

84 Preventable Deaths

118Non-Fatal Heart Attacks

3,018Asthma Attacks

The lifetime cancer risk from diesel soot in Franklin County is 223 times greater than the EPA's acceptable cancer

level of 1 in a million.

The monetized value of health impacts from diesel soot in Ohio is projected at $5.1 billion a year.

1
Moreover, studies have revealed that black carbon is about 2,000 times more potent a greenhouse gas than C02

over a 20 year period. According to the U.s. EPA over 37% of land·based PM in the u.s. comes from construction

equipment.

The OEPA estimates that PM 2.5 emissions from on-road mobile sources will drop from 968.60 tons in 2008 to

486.25 in 2015.

Several questions should be addressed if they have not already: did the modeling take into account the economic

recession when not as many new trucks may have been purchased or used on the road? Did it take into account the

possibility that not as many construction projects occurred over the three year span? Did the modeling over

emphasis the 2007 on road diesel emission rule and its impact? Did the model take into account the anti-module

transportation option environment we are now in? Did the model take into account the growing trend of using

outdoor wood fired boilers which contributes to PM 2.5 emissions)?

The Ohio EPA and many groups in Ohio, including OEC, have made great strides in cleaning the air. But we should

not rest on our laurels. No doubt the air is cleaner than it was before but the real question is has state government

done enough? We know that the full health benefits from the u.s. EPA onroad and nonroad diesel clean up

regulations won't be felt for another 20-30 years. In the meantime 11-12 million existing diesel engines continue to

turn out the deadly pollutants. Maybe 1 million or 1.5 million have been cleaned up; but that still leaves a

substantial number of dirty diesel engines out there.

If accepted, the redesignation took us more than 14 years to meet the standard. As we move forward we can't afford

to wait another 14 years to meet any newer standard that may come out. We must do everything feasible to achieve

maximum reductions in diesel pollution.

Additional steps the Ohio EPA and state government can take to reduce the death toll from diesel engines:

*Fund the Diesel Emission Reduction Grant program in the amount of $20 million a year;

*Adopt clean construction requirements on all public works projects which would require 85% or more reduction in

pollution from the construction vehicles;

*Adopt a no-idling law with no more idling than 5 minutes in a 60 minute time frame with few exceptions;

*Adopt an E-check-like program for on road diesel trucks;

* (Re)invest in Truck Stop Electrification; and

*Develop a low/no interest program that targets tier zero construction vehicles to be replaced with tier 3 or 4.

Additionally, adopt strong rules regulating the OWB menace.

In short, we need the Kasich Administration and the General Assembly to step up and make Ohio a leader in the

Midwest instead of a laggard when it comes to cleaning up poor air quality. We know that every dollar invested in

diesel cleanup yields anywhere from $12 to $20 in health care savings. The days of dirty, deadly, diesel emissions

are numbered, let's put the final nail in the coffin by adopting strong measures that protect the public's health.

Thank you again for this opportunity to comment on this important issue.

Sincerely,

David R. Celebrezze

Dir. of Air & Water Special Projects

2
BEFORE THE OHIO EPA

IN RE:

Currently Air Quality Designation

Public Hearing before Moderator

Kristopher Weiss, taken at the Ohio Environmental

Protection Agency, 50 West Town Street, 6th Floor

Conference Room A, Columbus, Ohio at 1:30 p.m. on

April 21, 2011.

FRale(V COOpeR

Profess;onal (ourt Reporters

Main Offi~~

8036 Smoke Road

Pataskala, Ohio 43062

(740) 927·333B

(BOOI B52-6163

Fax (740) 927-:)436

www.FraJeyCooper.com

Columbus, Ohio

(614) 22B-001 B

Newark, Ohio

(740) 345-85S6
2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 2011

Page 2

P-R-O-C-E-E-D-I-N-G-S

MODERATOR WEISS: My name is Kristopher

Weiss. I'm a public involvement coordinator in

the Ohio EPA's Public Interest Center, and I'll

moderate today's public hearing. Thank you for

taking the time to attend.

The purpose of the hearing today is to

get comments from any interested person regarding

Ohio EPA's request that the U.S. EPA revise the

current air quality designation for the Columbus

area, which includes Coshocton, Delaware,

Fairfield, Franklin, and Licking Counties, with

respect to the 1997 annual PM 2.5 national

ambient air quality standard, or NAAQS.

Air quality monitoring data collected

between 2008 and 2010 in the region demonstrate

attainment of the NAAQS, and there's evidence

that the improved air quality is due to permanent

enforceable emission reductions.

All interested persons are entitled to

attend or be represented and to present oral

and/or written comments concerning the standard.

All written and oral comments received as part of

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 2011

Page 3

the official record will be considered by the

2 director of Ohio EPA.

3 To be included in the official record,

4 written comments must be received by Ohio EPA by

5 the close of business today, which is April 21,

6 2011. Comments may be filed with me today, and

7 they may also be e mailed to

8 carolina.prado@epa.state.oh.us. That's

9 C-A-R-O-L-I-N-A, dot, P-R-A-D-O, at EPA, dot,

10 state, dot, O-H, dot, U-8.

II All written comments submitted for the

12 record receive the same consideration as oral

13 testimony given today. Written statements may be

14 submitted written statements submitted after

15 today may be considered as time and circumstances

16 allow but will not be part of the official record

17 for this hearing.

18 If you wish to present oral testimony

19 and have not already signed the registration

20 sheet, please do so now. People will be called

21 to testify in the order in which they have

22 registered.

23 There is no cross-examination of

24 speakers or of representatives of the Ohio EPA in

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 20 II

public hearings of this type. Ohio EPA hearings

2 such as this afford citizens the opportunity to

3 provide comments on the official record; and,

4 therefore, we will not be able to answer

5 questions during the hearing.

6 That said, members of the panel may ask

7 clarifying questions of the person testifying to

8 ensure the record is as complete and accurate as

9 possible.

10 I'll now read the names of those who

II have registered at this hearing and give each

12 person an opportunity to testify.

13 That would be David Celebrezze of the

14 OEC.

15 MR. CELEBREZZE: Thank you for this

16 opportunity to submit comments on the Ohio EPA's

17 request to U.S. EPA that central Ohio be

18 designated as meeting the 1997 national fine

19 particulate matter standard. I will submit more

20 detailed comments in my written testimony.

21 The OEC is a statewide non-profit

22 organizations whose mission is to secure healthy

23 air, land, and water for all those who call Ohio

24 home. We have thousands of individual members

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556

Page 4
In Re: Cnrrently Air Qnality Designation, taken on April 21, 2011

Page 5

and more than 100 environmental and conservation

2 member organizations.

3 Particulate matter comes from a variety

4 of sources: cars, trucks, buses, plains, trains,

5 and heavy-duty construction equipment. These

6 emissions are from a variety of sectors.

7 One major source of PM 2.5 is diesel

8 engines. Diesel exhaust contains formaldehyde,

9 benzene, volatile organic compounds, particulate

10 matter, nitrogen oxides, and more than 40 known

II air toxins. This deadly stew is three times

12 higher than the combined total cancer risk from

13 all other taxies.

14 PM 2.5 is a serious problem in Ohio.

15 It's 1/30th the width of a human hair and, when

16 breathed, bypasses the body's natural defenses to

17 get lodged in the lungs or go into the

18 bloodstream. This pollutant can contribute to

19 asthma attacks, heart and lung disease,

20 respiratory-related hospital visits, and

21 preventable death.

22 The Clean Air Task Force, using u.s

23 EPA-based methodology, projects that 2010 saw the

24 following health impacts in the U.S.:

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 20 II

Page 6

21,000 premature deaths, 27,000

2 non-fatal heart attacks, 410,000 asthma attacks.

3 In children those numbers are 15,000 asthma ER

4 visits and 29,000 acute bronchitis instances.

5 The annual number of deaths associated

6 with diesel pollution is more than drunk driving,

7 firearm homicide, HIV/AIDS, and workplace deaths.

8 Additionally, fine particles from diesel engines

9 impact central Ohioans' health: 84 preventable

10 deaths, 118 non-fatal heart attacks, and 3,019

11 asthma attacks.

12 The lifetime cancer risk from diesel

13 soot in Franklin County is 223 times greater than

14 the EPA's acceptable cancer level of one in a

15 million.

16 The monetized value of health impacts

17 from diesel soot in Ohio is projected at $5.1

18 billion a year.

19 Moreover, studies have revealed that

20 black carbon from diesel emissions is about 2,000

2] times more potent than greenhouse gas and C02

22 over a 20-year period. According to the U.S EPA,

23 over 37 percent of land-based PM in the US comes

24 from construction equipment.

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 20 II

Page 7

The Ohio EPA estimates that PM 2.5

2 emissions from on-road mobile sources will drop

3 from 968.6 tons in 2008 to 486.25 in 2015.

4 Several questions should be addressed if

5 they have not already. Did the modeling take

6 into account the economic recession when not as

7 many new trucks may have been purchased or used

8 on the road? Did it take into account the

9 possibility that not as many construction

10 projects occurred over the three-year span? Did

11 the modeling overemphasize the 2007 on-road

12 diesel emissions rule and its impact? Did the

13 modeling take into account the anti-module

14 transportation option environment we are now in?

15 Did the model take into account the growing trend

16 in using outdoor wood-fired boilers which

17 contributes to PM 2.5 emissions?

18 The Ohio EPA and many groups in Ohio,

19 including the OEe, have made great strides in

20 cleaning the air, but we should not rest on our

2] laurels. No doubt the air is cleaner than it was

22 before, but the real question is has state

23 government done enough?

24 We know that the full health impacts --

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
In Re: Cun'ently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 2011

Page 8

the full health benefits from the u.s. EPA

2 on-road and non-road diesel cleanup regulations

3 won't be felt for another 20 to 30 years. In the

4 meantime, 11 to 12 million existing diesel

5 engines continue to turn out the deadly

6 pollutants. Maybe 1 million or 1.5 million have

7 been cleaned up, but that still leaves a

8 substantial number of dirty diesel engines out

9 there.

10 If accepted, the redesignation took us

11 more than 14 years to meet the standard. As we

12 move forward, we can't afford to wait another 14

13 years to meet any newer standard that may come

14 out. We must do everything feasible to achieve

15 maximum reductions in diesel pollution.

16 Additional steps the Ohio EPA and state

17 government can take to reduce the death toll from

18 diesel engines: One, fund the Diesel Emission

19 Reduction Grant program in the amount of $20

20 million a year; adopt clean construction

21 requirements on all public works projects, which

22 would require 85 percent or more reductions in

23 pollution from construction vehicles; adopt a

24 no-idling law with no more than five minutes of

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 2011

Page 9

idling in a sixty-minute time frame with few

2 exceptions; adopt an E-check-like program for

3 on-road diesel trucks; reinvest in truck stop

4 electrification; and develop a low/no interest

5 loan program that targets Tier 0 construction

6 vehicles to be replaced with Tier 3 or Tier 4,

7 Additionally, adopt strong rules regulating the

8 outdoor wood-fired menace,

9 Some entities say that regulations kill

10 jobs, but weak or no regulations kill people.

11 In short, we need the Kasich Administration to

12 step up and make Ohio a leader in the Midwest

13 instead of a laggard when it comes to cleaning up

14 poor air quality. We know that every dollar

15 invested in diesel cleanup yields anywhere from

16 $12 to $20 in health care savings. The days of

17 dirty, deadly diesel emissions are numbered.

18 Let's put the final nail in the coffin by

19 adopting strong measures that protect the

20 public's health.

21 Thank you again for the opportunity to

22 comment on this important issue.

23 MODERATOR WEISS: Thanks, very much.

24 Appreciate it.

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228·0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
They're over here.

We'll go ahead and go

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In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 2011

Page 10

Do you have some written comments you

want to submit as well?

MR. CELEBREZZE:

MODERATOR WEISS:

off the record.

(Pause in proceedings until 2:00 p.m.)

MODERATOR WEISS: Is there anyone else

who wishes to testify at this time? (No audible

response.) Seeing no further requests for

testimony, I remind you that written comments can

be submitted through the close of business today.

Thank you for coming. The time is now

2 p.m., and the hearing is adjourned.

(Thereupon, at 2:00 p.m. on April 21,

2011, the public hearing was adjourned.)

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
In Re: Currently Air Quality Designation, taken on April 21, 2011

C E R T I F I CAT E

2

Page 11

3 STATE OF OHIO

ss:

4 COUNTY OF FRANKLIN :

5 I, Jennifer L. Parish, Registered

6 Professional Reporter and Notary Public in the

7 State of Ohio, do hereby certify that the

8 foregoing is a true, correct, and complete

9 transcript of the proceedings in the matter

10 before the Ohio EPA as reported by me in

11 stenotype and transcribed from my stenographic

12 notes.

13

14

15

16

17

NOTARY

18

19 My Commission Expires: November 23, 2014.

20

21

22

23

24

Fraley, Cooper & Associates (614) 228-0018 (800) 852-6163 (740) 345-8556
Response to Comments 

PM2.5 Redesignation Request for the 1997 PM2.5 Annual Standard 

for the Columbus Area 

Agency Contact for this Package

Division Contact: (Carolina Prado, Division of Air Pollution Control, 614-644-2310, 

Carolina.Prado@epa.state.oh.us) 

Ohio EPA held a public hearing in Columbus, OH on April 21, 2011, regarding the 

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Columbus PM2.5 Nonattainment 

Area. This document summarizes the comments and questions received at the public 

hearing and during the associated comment period, which ended on April 21, 2011. 

Ohio EPA reviewed and considered all comments received during the public comment 

period. 

By law, Ohio EPA has authority to consider specific issues related to protection of the 

environment and public health. 

In an effort to help you review this document, the questions are grouped by topic and 

organized in a consistent format. The name of the commenter follows the comment in 

parentheses. 

During the public comment period, the Ohio Department of Transportation 

(ODOT) advised Ohio EPA of an error in the MOVES post-processor assumptions 

utilized to generate on-road emissions in the Columbus area. ODOT, together 

with the Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission, corrected the errors and reanalyzed the mobile emissions using MOVES. The new analysis resulted in an 

increase in the total on-road mobile emissions; however, the effect on the overall 

area emissions is minimal and a 15% safety margin, for transportation conformity 

purposes, was still allocated. Therefore, the final document does contain revised 

on-road mobile emissions numbers as compared to the draft document. 

General Comments/Overall Concerns 

Comment 1: The Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MORPC) is a 

voluntary association of over 40 local governments in central 

Ohio. Our members recognize the importance of clean air 

and how it impacts the quality of life in the region. Most 
importantly, we want to ensure that central Ohio maintains 

healthy air quality levels. As you know, according to U.S. 

EPA exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to a 

variety of short and long-term health effects, including 

triggering asthma and heart attacks, arrhythmias, increased 

susceptibility to respiratory infections, reduced lung 

function, the development of chronic bronchitis and even 

premature death. Furthermore, if our region does not 

continue to work diligently to manage air pollution, it could 

adversely impact our ability to attract and retain businesses. 

We believe Ohio EPA has demonstrated attainment of the 

1997 Annual PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standard in 

the central Ohio area (Coshocton, Delaware, Fairfield, 

Franklin, and Licking counties) and strongly support the 

agency’s request for redesignation to attainment. 

We support the procedures outlined in the Contingency Plan 

as reasonable measures to proactively address potential 

future PM2.5 levels above of the standard (Chester R. 

Jourdan, Jr., Executive Director, MORPC) 

Response 1: Thank you for your comment and support on Ohio's PM2.5

Redesignation Request for the Columbus nonattainment area. 

Comment 2: We would like to ensure the Mobile Vehicle Emission 

Budgets outlined in the document provide adequate margin 

to allow the region to demonstrate transportation conformity 

as required by federal regulations. We believe the 15 percent 

increase in the 2015 and 2022 projections for the mobile 

emissions budget is adequate for these purposes (Chester R. 

Jourdan, Jr., Executive Director, MORPC). 

Response 2: Thank you for your comment on Ohio's PM2.5 Redesignation 

Request for the Columbus nonattainment area. The mobile 

emission budgets outlined in the document were established 

through agreement among the members of Columbus Area 

Interagency Consultancy Group. 

Comment 3: MORPC will continue to do its part to reduce PM2.5 

emissions at the local level by promoting Travel Demand 

Management programs, such as transit, vanpooling and 

carpooling, and working with diesel fleets to install emissioncontrol technology. We will also continue to fund and 

administer a regional Air Quality Awareness Program, 
including daily air quality forecasts for the public (Chester R. 

Jourdan, Jr., Executive Director, MORPC). 

Response 3: Thanks for your support and commitment to help improve the 

Columbus Area air quality. 

Comment 4: The Agency projects that PM2.5 emissions from on-road 

mobile sources will drop from 968.60 tons in 2008 to 486.25 

in 2015. The Agency incorporated a 15% margin of safety 

when coming up with the projected numbers. The agency 

states a 15% margin of safety is justified because the 

variation in VMT forecast; expected modifications to TDM 

and mobile emission models and total decrease in emissions 

from all sources. 

Several questions remain: did the modeling take into account 

the economic recession when not as many new trucks may 

have been purchased/used on the road? Did it take into 

account the possibility that not as many construction 

projects occurred over the three year span? Did the 

modeling over emphasis the 2007 on road diesel emission 

rule and its impact? Did the model take into account the antimodule transportation option environment we now face? Did 

the model take into account the growing trend of using 

outdoor wood fired boilers (which contribute to PM2.5

emissions)? (David R. Celebrezze, Ohio Environmental 

Council). 

Response 4: The mobile emission budgets for the Columbus area 

redesignation, were agreed upon as part of the interagency 

consultation process, include the emission estimates calculated 

for 2015 and 2022 with an additional 15 percent margin of safety 

allocated to PM2.5 and NOx in 2015 and 2022. In an effort to 

accommodate future variations in travel demand models and VMT 

forecast when no change to the network is planned, Ohio EPA 

consulted with U.S. EPA to determine a reasonable approach to 

address this variation. Based on this discussion, a 15 percent 

margin of safety allocation was agreed upon and has been added 

to the emissions estimates for this nonattainment area. This area 

continues to show maintenance of the standard with the additional 

15 percent margin of safety. 

All methodologies, the latest planning assumptions, and the 

safety margins allocations were determined through the 

interagency consultation process described in the Transportation 

Conformity Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) among 
MORPC, Ohio DOT, and Ohio EPA. Ohio EPA believes a 15 

percent margin of safety is appropriate because: 1) there is an 

acknowledged potential variation in VMT forecast and potential 

estimated mobile source emissions due to expected modifications 

to TDM and mobile emissions models; and 2) the total decrease 

in emissions from all sources is sufficient to accommodate this 15 

percent allocation of safety margin to mobile sources while still 

continuing to maintain the total emissions in the Columbus area 

well below the 2008 attainment level of emissions. 

Ohio EPA and the interagency consultation group used USEPA 

approved methodologies and assumptions developed by USEPA 

through the MOVES model. This includes assumptions built into 

the MOVES model regarding USEPA’s 2007 on road diesel 

emission rule and its impact. Ohio EPA believes the assumptions 

included in the model, along with the 15 percent margin of safety, 

provide for a very conservative estimation of mobile emissions. 

Please refer to the technical support documents included in the 

redesgination request for additional information regarding 

assumptions. 

Comment 5: The Ohio EPA and many groups in Ohio, including OEC, 

have made great strides in cleaning the air. But we should 

not rest on our laurels. No doubt the air is cleaner than it 

was before but the real question is has state government 

done enough? We know that the full health benefits from the 

onroad and nonroad diesel clean up regulations won’t be felt 

for another 20-30 years. In the meantime 11-12 million 

existing diesel engines continue to turn out the deadly 

pollutants. Maybe 1 million or 1.5 million have been cleaned 

up; but that still leaves a substantial number of dirty diesel 

engines out there. 

If accepted, the redesignation took us more than 14 years to 

meet the standard. As we move forward we can’t afford to 

wait another 14 years to meet any newer standard that may 

come out. We must do everything feasible to achieve 

maximum reductions in diesel pollution (David R. Celebrezze, 

Ohio Environmental Council). 

Response 5: Thank you for your comments and concern for the Ohio EPA 

proposed redesignation and maintenance of the HuntingtonAshland PM2.5 Nonattainment Area. The Ohio EPA strives to 

constantly improve air quality for all Ohio and during the last 14 

years (since the establishment of the PM2.5 annual standard) Ohio 

EPA has been working together with the regulated community to 
reduce atmospheric emissions and achieve or go beyond 

USEPA’s mandates. 

Moreover, achieving significant reductions in particulate matter is 

one of Ohio EPA’s priorities. Over the past 14 years Ohio EPA 

has made significant progress in reducing particle pollution in the 

Columbus area and has now attained the federal quality standard 

(which is shown in this redesignation request). This is evidenced 

in the actual PM2.5 monitoring data in the area. For the monitors 

located in Franklin County, monitoring data has shown a 

decrease in PM2.5 from a high of 18.03 ug/m3 during the 1999 to 

2001 period to a low of 11.3 ug/m3

 during the 2008 to 2010 

period. Lowering PM2.5 emissions and meeting the federal air 

quality standard was achieved by controlling and modernizing 

facilities and/or sources in the area; USEPA studies show that 

PM2.5 emission reductions results in better health protections for 

the people living near these facilities. 

 USEPA is currently reviewing the PM2.5 standards and may 

choose to strengthen them in the near future. Ohio EPA will 

continue to strive to develop programs and implement strategies 

that will allow for Ohio’s areas to achieve the standard as 

expeditiously as practicable and by the attainment date. 

Comment 6: Additional steps the Ohio EPA and state government can 

take to reduce the death toll from diesel engines: 

*Fund the Diesel Emission Reduction Grant program in the 

amount of $20 million a year; 

*Adopt clean construction requirements on all public works 

projects that require 85% or more reduction in pollution from 

the construction vehicles; 

*Adopt a no-idling law with no more than idling for 5 minutes 

in a 60 minute time frame with few exceptions; 

*Adopt an E-check-like program for on road diesel trucks; 

* (Re)invest in Truck Stop Electrification; and 

*Develop a low/no interest program that targets tier zero 

construction vehicles to be replaced with tier 3 or 4. 

Additionally, adopt strong rules regulating the OWB menace 

(David R. Celebrezze, Ohio Environmental Council). 

Response 6: Thank you for your comment and suggestions. Ohio EPA will 

continue to work to reduce air pollution, considering options such 

as those the commenter has outlined above. 

Comment 7: We need the Kasich Administration and the General 

Assembly to step up and make Ohio a leader in the Midwest 
instead of a laggard when it comes to cleaning up poor air 

quality. We know that every dollar invested in diesel cleanup 

yields anywhere from $12 to $20 in health care savings. The 

days of dirty, deadly, diesel emissions are numbered, let’s 

put the final nail in the coffin by adopting strong measures 

that protect the public’s health (David R. Celebrezze, Ohio 

Environmental Council). 

Response 7: Thanks for your comment and concern. As discussed above, over 

the past 14 years Ohio EPA has made significant progress in 

reducing particle pollution in the Columbus area. Ohio EPA’s 

mission is to “to attain and maintain the air quality at a level that 

will protect the environment for the benefit of all.” Ohio EPA will 

continue to work diligently towards this mission.

End of comments