* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

JUL 22 1998

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

NANCY R. MACK,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

KENNETH S. APFEL, Commissioner,

Social Security Administration,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 97-5204

(D.C. No. 96-CV-503)

(N.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before BALDOCK, EBEL, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.
1 The parties consented to proceed before a magistrate judge. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 636(c).

-2-

Claimant Nancy R. Mack appeals the district court’s order1

 affirming the

Commissioner’s decision to deny her application for social security disability

benefits. She alleges disability since January 8, 1993 due to depression, panic

disorder and heart problems. Following an administrative hearing, the

Commissioner determined at step four of the five-step analysis, see Williams v.

Bowen, 844 F.2d 748, 750-52 (10th Cir. 1988) (discussing five steps), that

claimant could perform a full range of sedentary work, including her past relevant

work as an accounts receivable clerk or billing clerk. Because the agency’s

findings are inadequate to evaluate whether substantial evidence supports the

denial of benefits, we remand for further findings.

We review the Commissioner’s decision to determine whether it is

supported by substantial evidence and whether correct legal standards were

applied. See Hawkins v. Chater, 113 F.3d 1162, 1164 (10th Cir. 1997). 

“Substantial evidence is ‘such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might

accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Soliz v. Chater, 82 F.3d 373, 375

(10th Cir. 1996) (quoting Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971))

(further quotation omitted).
-3-

On appeal, claimant alleges that the Commissioner failed to consider the

effects of her depression and panic disorder on her ability to perform her past

relevant work. A severe mental impairment is a nonexertional impairment which

must be evaluated to determine if the claimant can engage in substantial gainful

work activity. See Cruse v. United States Dep’t of Health & Human Servs.,

49 F.3d 614, 619 (10th Cir. 1995). 

In addressing her panic disorder, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)

stated that it had fluctuated over time and the medical reports indicated that she

was able to function fully. See R. Vol. II at 17. These findings are insufficient

for us to determine whether the ALJ considered the medical evidence that

claimant’s panic disorder was untreated as of November 16, 1994, see R. Vol. II

at 253, see also id. at 241-43, and that it interfered with her daily functioning,

see id. at 237. Moreover, contrary to the ALJ’s finding, most of the medical

reports do not address the question of whether claimant can function despite her

mental impairments. In addition, the ALJ did not address claimant’s depression. 

Therefore, on remand, the ALJ should make additional findings to support his

conclusion that claimant’s panic disorder did not affect her ability to work,

and make findings on the effect, if any, of claimant’s depression on her ability

to work.
-4-

The ALJ’s decision indicated that he considered claimant’s allegations

of “pain and other limitations,” id. at 16, but did not explain why the evidence

led him to find not credible claimant’s allegations that her mental impairments

adversely affected her ability to work. The ALJ apparently determined that

claimant’s subjective complaints were not credible, but he failed to link that

finding to the specific evidence. See Kepler v. Chater, 68 F.3d 387, 391

(10th Cir. 1995) (ALJ listed factors to be considered in evaluating claimant’s

nonexertional impairments, but “did not explain why the specific evidence

relevant to each factor led him to conclude claimant’s subjective complaints

were not credible”). The ALJ’s “‘findings as to credibility should be closely and

affirmatively linked to substantial evidence and not just a conclusion in the guise

of findings.’” Id. (quoting Huston v. Bowen, 838 F.2d 1125, 1133 (10th Cir.

1988)). On remand, the ALJ should link his credibility findings to substantial

evidence in the record.

If, on remand, the ALJ determines that claimant’s mental impairments

adversely affect her ability to work, then he should make findings on the mental

demands of her past work, and compare the mental demands of her prior work

with her capabilities. See Cruse, 49 F.3d at 619 (reversing due to ALJ’s failure

to consider effect of claimant’s mental impairments on her ability to work);

Henrie v. United States Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 13 F.3d 359, 361
-5-

(10th Cir. 1993) (remanding to develop a record on claimant’s ability to perform

past work considering her psychological impairments).

To the extent the ALJ found claimant not disabled because she discontinued

counseling for her mental impairments, on remand the ALJ should explore the

reasons claimant did not continue to receive counseling. See Teter v. Heckler,

775 F.2d 1104, 1107 (10th Cir. 1985) (identifying four elements to consider

when evaluating whether claimant’s failure to undertake treatment will preclude

a finding of disability). If the ALJ determines claimant’s decision not to receive

counseling contributes to a conclusion that she is not disabled within the meaning

of the Social Security Act, then he should make findings adequate to support his

conclusion.

The district court’s order is REVERSED and REMANDED, with

instructions to remand the case to the Commissioner for additional findings

on claimant’s mental impairments consistent with this order and judgment,

and for any further proceedings the ALJ finds necessary.

Entered for the Court

David M. Ebel

Circuit Judge