Pest List for the

Importation of Fresh Sweet Lime, Citrus limetta Risso, 

from Mexico into the Continental United States

March 4, 2010

Rev. 03

Agency Contact:

United States Department of Agriculture 

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Plant Protection and Quarantine

Center for Plant Health Science and Technology

Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory

1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300

Raleigh, NC 27606
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 2

1. Introduction

1.1. Background

This pest list was prepared by the Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory of the United States 

Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 

Center for Plant Health Science and Technology. Our purpose in creating this pest list was to examine 

pest risks associated with the importation of sweet lime, Citrus limetta Risso, as commercially produced 

fresh fruit for consumption, from Mexico into the continental United States. 

This pest list includes pests reported on citrus (in any country) and present in Mexico (on any host) (Table 

1). We identified the presence or absence of these pests in the United States, the quarantine status of the 

pest with respect to the United States, the generally affected plant part or parts, if the pest is likely to 

follow the pathway and enter the United States on commercially produced exported sweet limes, and 

pertinent citations for either the distribution or the biology of the pest. We shaded rows with quarantine 

pests likely to follow the pathway (Table 1), and summarized these pests in a separate table (Table 2). 

Quarantine pests not included can be detrimental to U.S. agriculture or ecosystems, but were not 

subjected to further analysis for a variety of reasons. For example, they were associated mainly with plant 

parts other than the commodity; may be associated with the commodity, but would not reasonably remain 

with the commodity during harvest and packing; or have been intercepted as biological contaminants of 

this commodity during U.S. agricultural port of entry inspection, but would not be present in commercial 

shipments.

1.2. Notes on Pest List

Pests listed with limited distribution in the United States are considered quarantine significant pests if 

under official control by the state or federal government. All quarantine pests with limited distribution in 

Table 1 are under official control unless otherwise specified.

We determined whether or not quarantine pests were likely to follow the pathway with sweet limes from 

Mexico. We assumed that the fruit shipments will be limited to commercially produced fruit, which will 

undergo post-harvest culling with grading, washing, and waxing prior to shipment, which removes some 

surface pests.

Pests identified only to genus or higher taxa would only be analyzed, in some cases, if the genus is not 

present in the United States. Genera can contain many species and analyzing an entire genus that may 

contain many non-pest species is unrealistic. Sometimes intercepted pests are not identified to the species 

level because the current taxonomic knowledge is limited, the pest is too immature, or the specimen is in 

poor condition. Pest risk assessments focus on organisms for which biological information is available. 

An intercepted pest (not identified to the species level) may or may not be a quarantine pest. If pests 

identified only to higher taxa are intercepted in the future, we may re-evaluate their risk.

We did not include Amerosporium concinnum Petr. (Ascomycetes, Incertae sedis) in the pest list below, 

because the only evidence that it is present in Mexico is a single interception on the inflorescence of a

Citrus sp. (Farr and Rossman, 2009). We found no additional evidence that this pest occurs in Mexico or 

the United States.

Likewise, we did not include Coniothyrium pax-augustanum Urries y Azara (Ascomycetes: Pleosporales) 

(Farr and Rossman, 2009) in the pest list for the same reason. It is associated with fruit of C. aurantifolia
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 3

(Farr and Rossman, 2009), and is not present in the United States. Thus, if we find additional information 

indicating it is present in Mexico, it will likely become a quarantine pest following the pathway.

Table 1. Pests reported on sweet lime, Citrus limetta, or on Citrussp., and present in Mexico

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Acari: Eriophyidae

Phyllocoptruta oleivora

(Ashmead) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Childers et al., 2001)

Childers et al., 

2001

No N/A N/A

Acari: Tarsonemidae

Polyphagotarsonemus latus

(Banks)

MX (Fasulo, 2005), 

US (CABI, 2009a)

Fasulo, 2005 No N/A N/A

Acari: Tenuipalpidae

Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) MX (Baker and Tuttle, 

1987), US (CABI, 

2009a)

Baker and 

Tuttle, 1987

Yes4F, L 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Brevipalpus phoenicus (Geijskes) MX (Baker and Tuttle, 

1987), US (Jeppson et 

al., 1975)

Jeppson et al., 

1975

Yes4F, L 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Acari: Tetranychidae

Eotetranychus deflexus 

(McGregor)

MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Eotetranychus lewisi (McGregor) 

= Tetranychus lewisi

McGregor

MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Eotetranychus yumensis 

(McGregor)

MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Eutetranychus banksi

(McGregor) 

MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Oligonychus peruvianus 

(McGregor)

MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Panonychus citri (McGregor) MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Petrobia latens (Müller) MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Petrobia (Tetranychina) harti 

(Ewing)

MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

 

1 MX = Mexico, US = United States, AL = Alabama, CA = California, FL = Florida, HI = Hawaii, IA = Iowa, LA = 

Louisiana, MS = Mississippi, TX = Texas, WA = Washington. Individual U.S. states are listed only if the pest species is 

considered a quarantine pest for the United States.

2

If not specified, the host was only established as Citrus sp.

3 Bk = bark, F = fruit, L = leaf, I = inflorescence, R = root, S = stem, Sd = seed, Tw = Twig.

4 Not a quarantine pest in itself, but able to transmit the Citrus leprosis virus, which is present in Mexico but not the United 

States.
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 4

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Tetranychus cinnabarinus

Boisduval

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Tetranychus desertorum Banks MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Tetranychus gloveri Banks MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Tetranychus ludeni Zacher MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Tetranychus mexicanus

(McGregor) 

MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Tetranychus urticae Koch MX, US (Bolland et 

al., 1998)

Bolland et al., 

1998

No N/A N/A

Coleoptera: Cerambycidae

Trachyderes (Dendrobias) 

mandibularis Serville 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Arnett Jr. et al., 2002)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae

Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) MX (CABI, 2009a) 

US (Letourneau and 

Goldstein, 2001) 

(Martin and Herzog, 

1987)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Coleoptera: Coccinelidae

Epilachna borealis(Fabricius) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Schroder et al., 2002)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Epilachna varivestis Mulsant MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Coleoptera: Curculionide

Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) MX (CABI, 2009a) CABI, 2009a Yes F, L (CABI, 

2009a)

No5

Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae

Anomala discoidalis Bates MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes I, L, R 

(Arnett Jr. et 

al., 2002)

No

 

5

Feeds only on ripe fruit and is only reported as a pest of palms (CABI, 2009a).
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 5

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Macrodactylus fulvescens Bates MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes I, L, R 

(CastroRamirez et 

al., 2005)

No

Phyllophaga sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 No6F, L, S 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Coleoptera: Scolytidae

Ambrosiodmus obliquus

(LeConte) 

MX, US (Goto, 1992) Cognato, 2009 No N/A N/A

Hypothenemus sp. MX (PestID, 2009), 

US (CABI, 2009a)

PestID, 2009 No F, S (PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Theoborus ricini (Eggers) MX, US (Goto, 1992) Cognato, 2009 No N/A N/A

Xyleborus horidatus Wood MX, US (Goto, 1992) Cognato, 2009 No N/A N/A

Xyleborus spinulosus Blandford MX (Cognato, 2009) Cognato, 2009 Yes S (CABI, 

2009a)

No

Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae

Blapstinus sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 No7F, L, S 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Diptera: Tephritidae

Anastrepha distincta Greene MX (CABI, 2009a) CABI, 2009a Yes F (CABI, 

2009a)

Yes

Anastrepha fraterculus

Wiedemann 

MX (CABI, 2009a) CABI, 2009a Yes F (CABI, 

2009a)

Yes

Anastrepha ludens Loew MX (CABI, 2009a) Citrus limetta

(CABI, 2009a)

Yes F (CABI, 

2009a)

Yes

Anastrepha obliqua Macquart MX (CABI, 2009a) Citrus limetta

(CABI, 2009a)

Yes F (CABI, 

2009a)

Yes

Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann MX (CABI, 2009a) CABI, 2009a Yes F (CABI, 

2009a)

Yes

Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae

Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby MX (Hoy et al., 1999), 

US FL (Nguyen and 

Hamon, 1999)

Nguyen and 

Hamon, 1999

[Yes]8 L (CABI, 

2009a)

No

 

6 Many species of this genus are present in the United States.

7

Several species of this genus are present in the United States (Steiner Jr, 2008).

8 Brackets around [yes] indicate that a pest has a limited distribution in the United States and is under consideration for 

official control).
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 6

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Aleurothrixus floccosus (Mask) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Ben-Dov et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Aleurotrachelus sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L, S 

(PestID, 

2009)

No

Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) MX, US (Fasulo and 

Weems, 2002)

Fasulo and 

Weems, 2002

No N/A N/A

Dialeurodes citrifolii (Morgan) MX (CABI, 2009a) CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Dialeurodes sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L (PestID, 

2009)

No

Paraleyrodes sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L (PestID, 

2009)

No

Trialeurodes sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 No9F, L, S 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Hemiptera: Aphididae

Aphis gossypii Glover MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Aphis spiraecola Patch MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(CABI, 2009a)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Toxoptera aurantii

(Fonscolombe)

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(CABI, 2009a)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy MX, US FL HI 

(CABI, 2009a)

CABI, 2009a [Yes] S (CABI, 

2009a)

No

Hemiptera: Coccidae

Akermes townsendi Cockerell MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes S (Kondo 

and Gullan, 

2004)

No

Ceroplastes brachyurus

Cockerell 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Ceroplastes cirripediformis

Comstock (Hemiptera: 

Coccidae)

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

 

9

Pest species of this genus occur in the United States (Myartseva et al., 2007).
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 7

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Ceroplastes sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L (PestID, 

2009)

No

Coccus hesperidum Linnaues MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Coccus longulus(Douglas) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Coccus viridis Green MX, US FL (Ben-Dov 

et al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

[Yes] F & S 

(CABI, 

2009a)

No10

Eucalymnatus tessellatus

(Signoret) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Parthenolecanium persicae 

(Fabricius)

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Philephedra tuberculosa

Nakahara & Gill

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pulvinaria peninsularis Ferris MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pulvinaria psidii Maskell MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Saissetia coffeae (Walker) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Ben-Dov et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & 

Parrott) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Saissetia neglecta De Lotto (Ben-Dov et al., 2009) Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Saissetia oleae cherimoliae 

(Gómez-Menor Ortega) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Vinsonia Stellifera Westwood MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L, S 

(PestID, 

2009)

No

Hemiptera: Coreidae

Acanthocephala femorata

(Fabricius) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(da Graca and Korsten,

2004)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

 

10 Coccus viridis is not expected to follow the pathway because its crawlers prefer to settle on the lower surface of citrus 

leaves (Dekle, 1976). Washing and waxing will remove the occasional soft scale that settles on fruit (FAO, 1989). 
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 8

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Leptoglossus phyllopus

(Linnaeus) 

MX, US (Mead, 2005) Mead, 2005 No N/A N/A

Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Buss et al., 2005)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Hemiptera: Delphacidae

Stobaera tricarinata (Say) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Wilson and O'Brien, 

2006)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Hemiptera: Diaspididae

Acutaspis albopicta Cockerell MX, US CA TX (BenDov et al., 2009)Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

[Yes] L (Ben-Dov 

et al., 2009)

No

Acutaspis scutiformis Cockerell MX, US TX (Ben-Dov 

et al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

[Yes] L (Ben-Dov 

et al., 2009)

No

Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Aonidiella citrina (Craw) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Aonidiella sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L (PestID, 

2009)

No

Aspidiotus destructor Signoret MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Aspidiotus excisus Green MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Aspidiotus nerii Bouche MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Aulacaspis tubercularis 

Newstead

MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes F, L, S 

(CABI, 

2009a)

Yes

Chrysomphalus aonidum

(Linnaeus) 

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus

Ferris 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Ben-Dov et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi

(Morgan) 

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Clavaspis herculeana (Cockerell 

& Hadden) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Diaspidiotus (Aspidiotus) 

perniciosus (Comstock) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Ben-Dov et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 9

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Fiorinia fioriniae (Targioni 

Tozzetti) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Fiorinia theae Green MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Fiorinia turpiniae Takahashi MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes L (Johnson 

and Lyon, 

1991)

No

Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Hemiberlesia palmae (Cockerell) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Ben-Dov et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Ischnaspis longirostris (Signoret) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Lindingaspis rossi (Maskell) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Lopholeucaspis cockerelli

(Grandpré & Charmoy) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Melanaspis sulcata Ferris MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes L, S (Deitz 

and 

Davidson, 

1986)

No

Morganella longispina (Morgan) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Mycetaspis personata

(Comstock) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Oceanaspidiotus spinosus

(Comstock) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Opuntiaspis carinata Cockerell MX, US FL (Ben-Dov 

et al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

[Yes] L (Hamon, 

1978)

No

Parlatoria camelliae Comstock MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Parlatoria cinerea Hadden MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Citrus limetta

(PestID, 2009)

Yes F, L, S 

(Watson, 

2005)

Yes

Parlatoria oleae (Colvée) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 10

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Parlatoria pergandii Comstock MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Parlatoria proteus (Curtis) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Parlatoria ziziphi Lucas MX (PestID, 2009) CABI, 2009a Yes F, L Yes

Pinnaspis aspidistrae aspidistrae

(Signoret) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pinnaspis buxi (Bouché) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis 

Green

MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes F, L 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Pseudischnaspis bowreyi

(Cockerell) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Selenaspidus articulatus

(Morgan) 

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Unaspis citri (Comstock) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Hemiptera: Flatidae

Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) MX, US (Mead, 2004) Mead, 2004 No N/A N/A

Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae

Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes S (Ben-Dov 

et al., 2009)

No

Lecanodiaspis prosopidis

(Maskell) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No

Hemiptera: Margarodidae

Icerya monserratensis Riley &

Howard 

MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes L, S (Hill, 

1994)

No

Icerya purchasi Maskell MX, US (Hamon, 

1998)

Hamon, 1998 No N/A N/A

Hemiptera: Membracidae

Aconophora sp. MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes L, S (Aubert 

and Quilici, 

1984)

No

Umbonia crassicornis (Amyot & 

Serville)

MX, US (Mead, 2004) Mead, 2004 No N/A N/A

Hemiptera: Ortheziidae

Orthezia sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L (PestID, 

2009)

No

Orthezia insignis (Browne) MX, US (Hill, 1983) Hill, 1983 No N/A N/A
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 11

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Hemiptera: Pentatomidae

Chlorochroa (Pitedia) ligata

(Say) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Rider, 2005)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Euschistus sp. MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes F, S (King 

and 

Saunders, 

1984)

No

Murgantia varicolor Westwood MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes F, L 

(Hendricks 

and Collier, 

2003)

No11

Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) MX, US (Squitier, 

2005)

Squitier, 2005 No N/A N/A

Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae

Dysmicoccus boninsis (Kuwana) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Dysmicoccus brevipes

(Cockerell) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Dysmicoccus neobrevipes

Beardsley 

MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

PestID, 2009 Yes F, I, L, S 

(Kessing 

and Mau, 

1992)

No12

Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green MX, US CA FL HI 

(CABI, 2009a)

CABI, 2009a [Yes] F, I, L, S 

(CABI, 

2009a)

No 

Nipaecoccus filamentosus

Cockerell 

MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes F, I, L, S 

(Borror et 

al., 1989)

No

Nipaecoccus jonmartini Williams 

& Granara de Willink 

MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes F, I, L, S 

(Borror et 

al., 1989)

No

Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead MX (Ben-Dov et al., 

2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

Yes F, I, L, S 

(CABI, 

2009a)

No

 

11 Larger, active surface feeders are highly unlikely to remain with fruit.

12 Commercial citrus is washed and waxed prior to export (FAO, 1989). Mealybugs are unlikely to survive this process 

because the few recesses on the fruit‟s surface do not offer adequate protection. (Interception records support this 

determination.) 
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 12

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Paracoccus marginatus Williams 

& Granara De Willink

MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes F, L 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Phenacoccus madeirensis Green MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Planococcus citri (Risso) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Planococcus minor Maskell MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes F (PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Pseudococcus calceolariae

(Maskell) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pseudococcus comstocki

(Kuwana) 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pseudococcus donrileyi Gimpel 

& Miller 

MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi

Gimpel & Miller 

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Pseudococcus longispinus (Targ.) MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

No N/A N/A

Pseudococcus sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes S (PestID, 

2009)

No

Puto mexicanus Cockerell MX, US (Ben-Dov et 

al., 2009)

Ben-Dov et al., 

2009

[Yes] F, I, L, S 

(Borror et 

al., 1989)

No

Hemiptera: Psyllidae

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama MX (Martínez, 2005), 

US FL HI TX (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a [Yes] F, L, S 

(CABI, 

2009a)

No13

Hymenoptera: Formicidae

Atta mexicana (F. Smith) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes L (Hill, 

1983)

No

Crematogaster sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes F (PestID, 

2009)

No14

Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

 

13 Diaphorina citri typically feeds on leaves, specifically on flushes of new growth, and not on fruit. When disturbed, say by 

workers harvesting fruit, adult psyllids typically jump off the plant, thus they are less likely to be associated with harvested 

fruit. Commercially produced fruit shipments would be processed using post-harvest measures which include some 

combination of washing, rinsing, brushing, waxing, and drying that would likely remove or kill any psyllids associated 

with fruit, rendering them unlikely to be able to transmit HLB.

14 Worker ants cannot found new populations.
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 13

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae

Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton MX, US FL AL LA 

TX (CABI, 2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae

Achlyodes pallida (Felder) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Opler et al., 2006)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Eantis (Achlyodes) tamenund

(Edwards) 

MX (Maes, 2004), US 

(Opler et al., 2006)

Maes, 2004 No N/A N/A

Eantis (Achlyodes) thraso

(Hübner) 

MX, US (Maes, 2004) Maes, 2004 No N/A N/A

Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae

Megalopyge opercularis J.E. 

Smith

MX, US (Zhang, 

1994)

Zhang, 1994 No N/A N/A

Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

Gonodonta bidens Hübner MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes F (Peña et 

al., 2002)

No

Gonodonta nutrix Stoll MX, US (Zhang, 

1994)

Zhang, 1994 No N/A N/A

Gonodonta pyrgo (Cramer) MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Eichlin et al., 2005)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) MX, US (Capinera, 

2005)

Capinera, 2005 No N/A N/A

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. 

Smith) 

MX, US (Zhang, 

1994)

Zhang, 1994 No N/A N/A

Lepidoptera: Papilionidae

Heraclides (Papilio) anchisiades 

(Fabricius) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Maes, 2004)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Heraclides (Papilio) astyalus

(Gray) 

MX, US (Maes, 2004) Zhang, 1994 No N/A N/A

Heraclides (Papilio) cresphontes 

(Cramer) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Maes, 2004)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Heraclides (Papilio) thoas

(Rothschild & Jordan) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Maes, 2004)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Papilio ornythion Boisduval MX, US (Opler et al., 

2006)

Opler et al., 

2006

No N/A N/A

Papilio pilumnus Boisduval MX, US (Zhang, 

1994),

Zhang, 1994 No N/A N/A

Papilio polyxenes Fabricius MX, US (Maes, 2004) Zhang, 1994 No N/A N/A
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 14

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Papilio torquatus Crammer MX (Schroder et al., 

2002)

Savela, 2006 Yes L (Maes, 

2004)

No

Papilio alopius Godman & 

Salvin 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes L (Maes, 

2004)

No

Lepidoptera: Pyralidae

Diaphania sp. MX (PestID, 2009), 

US (Valles et al., 

1991)

PestID, 2009 No F, L 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Lepidoptera: Psychidae

Amyelois (Paramyelois) 

transitella (Walker) 

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Zhang, 1994)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No N/A N/A

Oiketicussp. MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

Yes L (Borror et 

al., 1989)

No

Lepidoptera: Saturniidae

Rothschildia lebeau Benjamin MX, US (Opler et al., 

2006)

Opler et al., 

2006

No N/A N/A

Lepidoptera: Tortricidae

Platynota stultana Walsingham MX, US (Zhang, 

1994)

Zhang, 1994 No N/A N/A

Orthoptera: Acrididae

Schistocerca americana (Drury) MX, US (Squitier, 

2005)

Squitier, 2005 No N/A N/A

Orthoptera: Gryllidae

Gryllus sp. MX (PestID, 2009) US 

(CABI, 2009a)

PestID, 2009 No F, L 

(PestID, 

2009)

Yes

Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae

Microcentrum sp. MX (PestID, 2009) PestID, 2009 Yes L (PestID, 

2009)

No

Thysanoptera: Thripidae

Frankliniella occidentalis

Pergande

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A

Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae

Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) MX, US (Denmark, 

2004)

Denmark, 2004 No N/A N/A

Mollusks

Stylommatophora: Helicidae

Helix aspersa Müller MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No N/A N/A
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 15

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Nematodes

Aphelenchus sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. limon, C. 

sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau MX, US (CABI, 

2009a) 

C.sinensis

(CABI, 2009a)

No NA NA

Criconemoides sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. limon, C. 

sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Ditylenchus destructor Thorne MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

C. sinensis

(CABI, 2009a)

No R, S (CABI, 

2009a)

No

Ditylenchus sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Dorilaymus sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. limon

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb) 

Sher

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Helicotylenchus multicinctus 

(Cobb) Golden

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a), 

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Helicotylenchus sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. limon

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Hemicriconemoides mangiferae 

Siddiqi

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Longidorus sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. limon

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Pratylenchus brachyurus = P. 

pratensis (Godfrey) Filipjev 

and Schuurmans Stekhoven

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Pratylenchus coffeae Goodey MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) 

Filipjev and Schuurmans 

Stekhoven

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple citrus 

hosts (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and 

Jensen

MX, US (MacGowan, 

1981)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Pratylenchussp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Radopholus similis (Cobb) 

Thorne

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a Yes R, Corms, 

Tubers 

(CABI, 

2009a)

No

Radopholussp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. maxima

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 16

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Rotylenchus reniformis 

Womersley and Ching 

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Scutellonema brachyurus 

(Steiner) Andrassy

MX (Handoo et al., 

2009), US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb MX (CABI, 2009a); 

(Alvarez, 1976), US 

(CABI, 2009a)

CABI, 2009a;

C. limon, C. 

sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

No NA NA

Tylenchus sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. maxima

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Xiphinema americanum Cobb MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Xiphinema basiri Siddiqi MX (Handoo et al., 

2009), US FL 

(Lehman, 1981)

Handoo et al., 

2009

Yes R 

(Jairajpuri, 

1978)

No

Xiphinema sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. limon

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Fungi and Chromistans

Aithaloderma citri (Briosi & 

Pass.) Woron. Syn: Capnodium 

citri Penz., Meliola penzigii , 

M. penzizi 

Ascomycetes: Capnodiales

MX (Alvarez, 1976), 

US (Farr et al., 2009) 

multiple Citrus 

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus

spp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) 

Sacc. 

Ascomyectes: Pleosporales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

C. aurantium

(CABI, 2009a)

No NA NA

Alternaria citri Ellis and N. 

Pierce

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX (Farr et al., 2009; 

McGuire and Crandall, 

1967), US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus 

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Alternaria limicola Simmons and 

Palm 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX (Timmer et al., 

2000) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Palm and 

Civerolo, 1994)

Yes L, Tw (Palm 

and 

Civerolo, 

1994)

NA

Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.) 

Kumm. 

Basidiomycetes: Agaricales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus 

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) 

Emel 

Basidiomycetes: Agaricales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 17

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. 

Ascomycetes: Eurotiales

MX (Vazquez-Barrios 

et al., 2001), US (Farr 

et al., 2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Aspergillus niger Tiegh. 

Ascomycetes: Eurotiales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu and 

Kimbr. Syn: Corticium rolfsii 

Curzi Anamorph: Sclerotium 

rolfsii Sacc. 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Auricularia fuscosuccinea 

(Mont.) Farl. 

Basidiomycetes: Auriculariales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

C. paradisi (Farr 

et al., 2009)

No NA NA

Botryosphaeria dothidea Moug: 

Fr.) Ces. and De Not 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX (Valencia-Botin et 

al., 2003), US (Farr et 

al., 2009)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Botryosphaeria quercuum 

(Schwein: Fr.) Sacc. 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus 

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. 

and Duggar 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr. 

Ascomycetes: Helotiales 

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis and 

Halst. 

Ascomycetes: Microascales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Cercospora penzigii Sacc. 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus 

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Cerocorticium confluens (Fr.) 

Jülich & Stalpers Syn:

Corticium confluens (Fr.) Fr. 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

C. paradisi (Farr 

et al., 2009)

No NA NA

Chromocreopsis cubispora Ellis 

and Holway) Boedijn 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009; Corlett, 2009)

C. paradisi (Farr 

et al., 2009)

No NA NA

Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.: 

Fr.) Link Teleomorph: 

Davidiella tassiana (de Not.) 

Crous and Braun 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales 

MX, US (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. aurantifolia

(Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

No NA NA
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 18

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Colletotrichum acutatum 

Simmonds Teleomorph:

Glomerella acutata Guerber & 

J.C. Correll 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

C. limettioides 15

(PestID, 2009), 

C. aurantifolia, 

C. latifolia, C. 

sinensis (Farr et 

al., 2009)

No NA NA

Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) 

S. Hughes 

= Gloeosporium psidii Delacr. 

(CABI, 2009b) 

Ascomycetes: Phyllachorales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009) 

C. aurantifolia, 

C. sinensis

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

No NA NA

Coniella diplodiella (Speg.) Petr. 

and Syd 

Ascomycetes: Diaporthales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009) 

C. aurantifolia

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

No NA NA

Coniothecium citri McAlpine 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009) 

C. aurantifolia

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

No NA NA

Coniothecium scabrum McAlpine 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967) 

C. sinensis

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

Yes F (CABI, 

2009b)

Yes

Coniothyrium sp. MX16 (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. aurantifolia, 

C. sinensis (Farr 

and Rossman, 

2009)

Yes NA NA

Coriolopsis polyzona (Pers.) 

Ryvarden 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX, US limited to PR, 

VI, HI (Farr et al., 

2009)

C. sinensis, C. 

paradisi (Farr et 

al., 2009)

Yes S (Farr et 

al., 2009)

No

Corticium koleroga (Cooke) 

Hohn 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

C. grandis, C. 

maxima, C. 

sinensis (Farr et 

al., 2009)

No NA NA

Daldinia concentric (Bolton: Fr.) 

Ces. and De Not 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Daldinia eschscholzii (Ehrenb.) 

Rehm. 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX (Stadler et al., 

2001), US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Dendrophora albobadia 

(Schwein: Fr.) Chamuris Syn:

Stereum albobadium 

(Schwein.: Fr.) Fr. 

Basidiomycetes: Russulales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

 

15 This is listed as a possible synonym for C. limetta (NGRP, 2009). 

16 Coniothyrium sp. were intercepted from Mexico nine times on Citrus aurantifolia and C. sinensis (specimen record 

number: BPI 367600) (Farr and Rossman, 2009). 
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 19

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Dendryphiella vinosa (Berk. & 

M.A. Curtis) Reisinger 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales 

MX, US (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. reticulata, C. 

limon (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

No NA NA

Diaporthe citri F.A. Wolf 

Ascomycetes: Diaporthales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a; Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a; Farr et 

al., 2009)

No NA NA

Elsinoe fawcetti Bitanc. and 

Jenkins 

Ascomycetes: Myriangiales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a; Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (PestID, 

2009;CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Epicoccum nigrum Link 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX, US (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

(Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

No NA NA

Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & 

U. Braun Anamorph: Oidium 

anacardii F. Noack

MX , US (limited to 

PR and VI) (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

Citrus sp.

(Takamatsu et 

al., 2007), C. 

limon (YanezMorales et al., 

2009)

No L (CABI, 

2009b)

NA

Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. 

and Broome) Burds. Syn:

Corticium salmonicolor Berk. 

and Broome

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales 

MX (CABI, 2009a); 

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(CABI, 2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Eutypa lata var. lata (Pers.: Fr.) 

Tul. and Tul. 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX, US (Munkvold, 

2001)

C. deliciosa, C. 

limon, C. 

sinensis (Farr et 

al., 2009)

No NA NA

Fusarium limonis Briosi Syn:

Fusisporium limoni 

Ascomycetes: Hypocreales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), 

US(FL) (Stevens, 

1915) PR, VI (Farr et 

al., 2009) 

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No R, Crown 

(Stevens, 

1915)

NA

Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld. 

Ascomycetes: Hypocreales 

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009; Timmer et 

al., 2000)

No NA NA

Fusarium oxysporum f sp. lilii 

Imle

MX (Ochoa et al., 

2007), US (CABI, 

2009a)

C. sinensis 17

(Ochoa et al., 

2007)

No NA NA

Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl.: Fr. 

Ascomycetes: Hypocreales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

 

17 This may be a misidentification, since this fungus typically infects species in the Liliaceae family, not the Rutaceae family 

(Baayen et al., 1998). 
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 20

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) 

Pat. 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Ganoderma fornicatum (Fr.) Pat. 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967) 

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967 

Yes Trunk, 

Wood (Farr 

et al., 2009) 

NA

Geotrichum candidum Link 

Saccharomycetes: 

Saccharomycetales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Geotrichum citri-aurantii 

(Ferraris) EE Butler 

Saccharomycetes: 

Saccharomycetales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein) 

Colby 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX (Alvarez, 1976), 

US (Farr et al., 2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009; Timmer et 

al., 2000)

No NA NA

Gloeosporium limetticola R. E. 

Clausen 

Ascomycetes: Helotiales

MX, US (FL, CA) 

(Farr et al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No L (CABI, 

2009b)

NA

Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) 

Spauld. and Schrenk. Syn:

Colletotrichum 

gloeosporioides 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX (PestID, 2009; 

CABI, 2009a), US 

(CABI, 2009a)

Farr et al., 2009 No NA NA

Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala 

and Ravaz 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

C. aurantifolia

(Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Guignardia mangiferae A.J. Roy 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

Farr et al., 2009 No NA NA

Gusisporum limoni MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes R (Alvarez, 

1976)

No

Haematonectria haematococca 

(Berk. and Broome) Samuels 

and Rossman Syn: Nectria 

haematococca Berk. and 

Broome 

Ascomycetes: Hypocreales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus 

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Hendersonia citri McAlpine 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX18 (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. sinensis (Farr 

and Rossman, 

2009)

No19 NA NA

 

18 Based on interceptions from Mexico on Citrus reticulata [Specimens: BPI 374031, BPI 374032, BPI 374033] (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009). 

19 Pathogens in the genus Hendersonia are nonreportable (PestID, 2009). 
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 21

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Heterobasidion annosum (Fr: Fr) 

Bref. Syn: Polyporus annosus 

Fr. 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No NA NA

Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. 

Karst. Syn: Polyporus hispidus 

(Bull.: Fr.) Fr. 

Basidiomycetes: 

Hymenochaetales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No NA NA

Khuskia oryzae H.J. Hudson 

Ascomycetes: 

Trichosphaeriales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffm.) P. 

M. D. Martin 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX, US (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

Farr and 

Rossman, 2009

No NA NA

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) 

Griffon and Maubl. 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Macrophomina phaseolina 

(Tassi.) Goid. 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Meliola camelliae (Catt.) Sacc. 

Ascomycetes: Meliolales

MX (Alvarez, 1976), 

US (FL) (Farr et al., 

2009)

C. aurantifolia, 

C. sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

No NA NA

Microsphaeropsis fuckelii (Sacc.) 

Boerema Syn: Coniothyrium 

fuckelii Sacc. 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX, US (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. sinensis (Farr 

and Rossman, 

2009)

No NA NA

Microsphaeropsis olivaceum 

(Bonord) Hohn Syn:

Coniothyrium olivaceum 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX (Farr et al., 2009; 

McGuire and Crandall, 

1967), US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

C. aurantifolia

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

No NA NA

Monochaetinula terminaliae (Bat. 

& J.L. Bezerra) J. Muthumary 

et al. 

Ascomycetes: Incertae sedis

MX (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. limon (Farr 

and Rossman, 

2009)

Yes S, Bk, L 

(Farr and 

Rossman, 

2009)

No

Mycena citricolor (Berk. and 

M.A. Curtis) Sacc. 

Basidiomycetes: Agaricales

MX, US limited 

(CABI, 2009a; Farr et 

al., 2009) 

C. sinensis (Farr 

et al., 2009)

Yes20 F, L, S 

(CABI, 

2009a)

No21

 

20 Action required except when destined for PR or VI.

21 Mycena citricolor seems unlikely to follow the pathway with citrus fruit. We found no reference that it attacks citrus fruit 

specifically. Most references refer to M. citricolor as a pest of coffee (Mariau, 2001; Thurston, 1989; Wellman, 1972), 

while citrus is only listed as a minor host (CABI, 2009a). Mariau (2001) and Wellman (1972) report M. citricolor infecting 

the fruit of coffee, but do not report about infection of citrus fruit. 
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 22

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Mycosphaerella citri Whiteside 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales

MX (CABI, 2009a; 

Martinez-Soriano and 

Gonzalez-Garza, 

1981), US (Farr et al., 

2009; Timmer et al., 

2000) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Mycosphaerella citrigena Crous 

& U. Braun Anamorph:

Passalora citrigena Crous & 

U. Braun 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales

MX (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

Farr and 

Rossman, 2009

Yes L (Crous 

and Braun, 

2003)

No

Mycosphaerella loefgreni 

(Noack) 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales

MX (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

Farr and 

Rossman, 2009

Yes L, Tw, F 

(Timmer et 

al., 2000)

No22

Mycosphaerella tassiana (DeNot) 

Crous and U. Braun 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Myriangium duriaei (Mont.) 

Berk. 

Ascomycetes: Myriangiales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009) 

C. sinensis

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

No NA NA

Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. 

and Schwein.) Ditmar: Fr. 

Ascomycetes: Hypocreales 

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

C. sinensis, C. 

paradisi (Farr et 

al., 2009)

No NA NA

Nematospora coryli Peglion 

Saccharomycetes: 

Saccharomycetales 

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Neonectria ditissima (Tul. and C. 

Tul.) Samuels and Rossman 

Syn: Nectria galligena Bres. 

Ascomycetes: Hypocreales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009) 

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No NA NA

Oidium tingitaninum C.N. Carter 

Ascomycetes: Erysiphales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), 

US(FL, CA) (Farr et 

al., 2009) 

Farr et al., 2009; 

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No NA NA

Penicillium digitatum (Pers.: Fr.) 

Sacc. 

Ascomycetes: Eurotiales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus 

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

 

22 One interception from Mexico in Citrussp. (Specimen BPI 608719) (Farr and Rossman, 2009). This species is unlikely to 

follow the pathway since Mycosphaerella spp. produce fruiting bodies on decaying leaves rather than fruit (Timmer et al., 

2000).
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 23

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Penicillium italicum Wehmer 

Ascomycetes: Eurotiales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Penicillium variabile Sopp 

Ascomycetes: Eurotiales

MX (Ochoa et al., 

2007), US (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. sinensis

(Ochoa et al., 

2007)

No NA NA

Pestalotia citri Mundk. & Khesw 

Pestalotiopsis citri 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX, US (HI only) 

(Farr and Rossman, 

2009)

C. paradisi (Farr 

and Rossman, 

2009)

Yes L (Farr and 

Rossman, 

2009)

No

Phaeosphaeriopsis obtusispora 

(Speg) Camara et al. 

Anamorph: Coniothyrium 

henriquesii Thum.,

Sphaeropsis henriquesii Thum. 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967); (Farr 

et al., 2009), US (Farr 

et al., 2009)

C. aurantifolia, 

C. sinensis

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

No NA NA

Phoma exigua var. exigua Desm. 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Phoma jolyana var. jolyana

Piroz. & Morgan-Jones 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

C. sinensis (Farr 

and Rossman, 

2009)

No NA NA

Phoma limonis Thum. 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

C. aurantifolia

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), 

C. aurantium, C. 

deliciosa (Farr et 

al., 2009)

Yes Branch 

(CABI, 

2009b) 

NA

Phoma sp. MX (PestID, 2009) C. limettioides

(PestID, 2009)

Yes NA NA

Phomopsis citri (H. Fawc. non 

Sacc.) Traverso & Spessa 

Teleomorph: Diaporthe citri 

F.A. Wolf 

Ascomycetes: Diaporthales

MX (Zenteno Zevada 

et al., 1955) US (Farr 

et al., 2009)

multiple Citrus 

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Phymatotrichopsis omnivora 

(Duggar) Henebert Syn:

Phymatotrichum omnivorum 

Pezizomycetes: Pezizales

MX, US (Timmer et 

al., 2000)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Phytophthora cactorum Lebert. 

and Cohn) J. Schrot 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

C. limon, C. 

sinensis, C. 

grandis (Farr et 

al., 2009)

No NA NA

Phytophthora capsici Leonian 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 24

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Phytophthora citricola Sawada 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

Farr et al., 2009; 

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. 

Sm. and E.H. Sm.) Leonian 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. 

and Laff. 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales

MX (Ojeda and Zak, 

1993), US (Farr et al., 

2009)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Phytophthora nicotianae Breda 

de Haan Syn: Phytophthora 

parasitica 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967) 

(Romero-Cova and 

Solis Aragon, 1996), 

US (CABI, 2009a; 

Farr et al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Phytophthora palmivora var. 

palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. 

Butler Syn: P. palmivora (E.J. 

Butler) E.J. Butler 

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Pleospora herbarum (Pers.: Fr.) 

Rabenh. 

Ascomycetes: Pleosporales

MX (Alvarez, 1976), 

US (Farr et al., 2009)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Pythium aphanidermatum 

(Edson) Fitzp. 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales 

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus 

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Pythium debaryanum R. Hesse 

Chromistan Oomycetes: 

Pythiales 

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus 

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kuhn 

Basidiomycetes: 

Ceratobasidiales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(CABI, 2009a)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No NA NA

Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.: Fr.) 

Vuill. 

Zygomycetes: Mucorales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Rosellinia bunodes (Berk. and 

Broome) Sacc. 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Rosellinia necatrix Prill. 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Schizophyllum commune Fr.: Fr. 

Basidiomycetes: Agaricales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 25

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de 

Bary 

Ascomycetes: Helotiales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de 

Bary Ascomycetes: Helotiales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Septobasidium pedicellatum 

(Schwein.) Pat. 

Basidiomycetes: 

Septobasidiales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967) 

C. sinensis

(McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967)

No23 NA NA

Septobasidium 

pseudopedicellatum Burt. 

Basidiomycetes: 

Septobasidiales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967), US 

(Farr et al., 2009)

McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967

No NA NA

Septoria citri Pass. 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales

MX (McGuire and 

Crandall, 1967); (Farr

et al., 2009), US CA, 

TX (Farr et al., 2009)

C. aurantifolia, 

C. limon

(PestID, 2009)

No NA NA

Septoria limonum Pass. 

Ascomycetes: 

Mycosphaerellales

MX, US (CA) (Farr 

and Rossman, 2009)

C. sinensis, C. 

limon (Farr and 

Rossman, 2009)

No NA NA

Sphaeropsis sp. MX (Alvarez, 1976) C. limettioides

(PestID, 2009), 

C. limon

(Alvarez, 1976)

Yes NA NA

Sphaeropsis tumefaciens Hedges 

Ascomycetes: Dothideales

MX (CABI, 2009a), 

US (CABI, 2009a); 

(Farr et al., 2009)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Sporoschisma mirabile Berk. and 

Broome 

Ascomycetes: Sordariales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

Farr et al., 2009 No NA NA

Stictis radiata Pers.: Fr. 

Ascomycetes: Ostropales

MX (Medel, 2007), 

US (Farr et al., 2009)

Farr et al., 2009 No NA NA

Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. 

Frank) Donk 

Basidiomycetes: 

Ceratobasidiales

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a)

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Thielaviopsis basicola Berk. and 

Broome) Ferraris 

Ascomycetes: Microascales 

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

 

23 This pest is a sooty mold, which is a fungus that is not a plant pathogen, but grows on residues left from insect feeding. 

Despite not being present in the United States, is nonreportable/non-actionable (PestID, 2009).
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 26

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Trametes villosa (Fr.:Fr.) Kreisel 

Syn: Polyporus pinsitus Fr.:Fr. 

Basidiomycetes: Polyporales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009) 

multiple Citrus

sp. (Farr et al., 

2009)

No NA NA

Trichoderma viride Pers.: Fr. 

Ascomycetes: Hypocreales

MX, US (Farr et al., 

2009)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Ustulina deusta (Hoffm.: Fr.) 

Lind 

Ascomycetes: Xylariales

MX (CABI, 2009a), 

US (Farr et al., 2009) 

CABI, 2009a No NA NA

Bacteria and Phytoplasmas

"Candidatus Liberobacter 

asiaticum" Jagoueix et al.

MX (Robles, 2009), 

US (Manjunath et al., 

2008) (FL under 

official control)

Timmer et al., 

2000

Yes Possible

transmission

by seed24

(Graham et 

al., 2008; 

Hartung et 

al., 2008; 

Shatters, 

2008; Zhou 

et al., 2008)

Yes

"Candidatus Phytoplasma 

aurantifolia" Zreik et al.

MX (Ochoa-Sanchez 

et al., 2009)

Timmer et al., 

2000; AlZadjali, 2007

Yes Phloem 

(Chung et 

al., 2006)

No25

Pseudomonas syringae pv. 

syringae van Hall

MX, US (CABI, 

2009a), US (CA) 

(Smilanick et al., 

1996); (Adaskaveg, 

2008)

multiple Citrus

spp. (CABI, 

2009a; Timmer 

et al., 2000)

No NA NA

Rhizobium radiobacter 

(Beijerinck and van Delden) 

Young et al. Syn:

Agrobacterium tumefaciens 

(Beijerinck and van Delden) 

Conn

MX (Alvarez, 1976; 

CABI, 2009a), US 

(CABI, 2009a)

multiple Citrus

spp. (CABI, 

2009a), C. 

sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

No NA NA

Spiroplasma citri Saglio et al. MX, US AZ, CA 

(CABI, 2009a)

Timmer et al., 

2000; CABI, 

2009a

No NA NA

 

24 Multiple sources indicate that “Ca. Liberibobacter asiaticum” are seed transmitted, as well as contradictory reports in the 

same proceedings that it is not (Graham et al., 2008; Hartung et al., 2008; Shatters, 2008; Zhou, et al., 2008). Due to this

uncertainty and the seriousness of the consequences of introduction of HLB, we indicated that the pathogen will follow the 

pathway with fruit, pending more conclusive evidence about seed transmission.

25 This phytoplasma lives in the phloem of the host, is leafhopper transmitted (suspected vector is Hishimonus phycitis), 

graft-transmissible, and possibly seed-transmitted (Chung et al., 2006). We found no clear evidence indicating that this 

pathogen can move with infected fruit. If we find such evidence later, we may reassess this pest.
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 27

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Viruses and Viroids 

Citrus psorosis (strains A, B, and 

ringspot) Ophiovirus

MX (Alvarez, 1976), 

US EPPO, 2009; 

(Adaskaveg, 2008; 

Palle et al., 2004)

Timmer et al., 

2000; C. 

maxima, C. 

limon, C. 

sinensis

(Alvarez, 1976)

No NA NA

Citrus leprosis virus Cilevirus MX (CABI, 2009a; 

Sanchez Anguiano et 

al., 2009)

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

Yes L, F, Tw

(Chung et 

al., 2006)

Yes26

Citrus tristeza virus Closterovirus MX (CABI, 2009a) 

(Silva-Vara et al., 

2001), US (CABI, 

2009a)

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) 

Pospiviroid

MX (Almeyda-Leon et 

al., 2003; CABI, 

2009a), US (CABI, 

2009a) (Hadidi et al., 

2003)

multiple Citrus

sp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Citrus viroid II (Cachexia) 

Hostuviroid

MX (Almeyda-Leon et 

al., 2002), US 

(Brlansky and 

Timmer, 2008 ; Hadidi 

et al., 2003)

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

Citrus viroid III Apscaviroid MX (Almeyda-Leon et 

al., 2002), US (FL) 

(Brlansky and 

Timmer, 2008 ), (CA) 

(Duran-Vila et al., 

1988)

Almeyda-Leon 

et al., 2002

No NA NA

Diseases of Unknown Etiology

Citrus blight MX (CABI, 2009a), 

US (CABI, 2009a) 

(Brlansky et al., 2008)

multiple Citrus

spp. (CABI, 

2009a)

No NA NA

Amachamiento MX (Timmer et al., 

2000); (Rocha-Peña et 

al., 2005)

C. sinensis

"valencia" on C. 

aurantium

rootstock

(Timmer et al., 

2000)

Yes Unknown 

agent and 

unknown 

means of 

transmission 

(Rocha-Peña 

et al., 2005)

No27

 

26 Fruit is highly unlikely to be a pathway for this pathogen unless infective Brevipalpus mites move on the fruit. The virus is 

transmitted primarily by Brevipalpus species, and is not readily mechanically or graft transmissible (Chung and Brlansky, 

2006).

27 We lack clear evidence that these pathogens move with infected fruit, and we are uncertain that Citrus limetta is a true host 
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 28

Pest Geographic 

distribution1

Associated with 

Citrus sp. or C.

limetta2

Quarantine pestPlant parts 

association3

Follow 

pathway

Lethal yellowing of Tahiti lime MX (Rocha-Peña et 

al., 2005)

C. 

latifoliaRochaPeña et al., 2005

Yes Unknown 

agent and 

unknown 

means of 

transmission 

(Rocha-Peña 

et al., 2005)

No26

Algae

Cephaleuros virescens Kunze MX (PestID, 2009), 

US (Marlatt and 

Alfieri Jr., 1981)

PestID, 2009; 

Timmer et al., 

2000

No NA NA

 

of the pathogen, so we have assumed that they will not follow the pathway with fruit. If we later find evidence that 

indicates C. limetta is a host, and that fruit are a pathway for introduction of the pathogen, we may reassess these pests.
Pest List for Sweet Limes from Mexico

Rev. 03 March 4, 2010 29

Table 2. Quarantine pest species likely to follow the pathway

Type Organism

Mites Brevipalpus californicus (Banks)

Brevipalpus phoenicus (Geijskes)

Fruit flies Anastrepha distincta (Greene)

Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann

Anastrepha ludens Loew

Anastrepha obliqua Macquart 

Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann

Scales, whiteflies, and mealybugs Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead

Parlatoria cinerea Hadden 

Parlatoria ziziphi Lucas

Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis Green

Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink

Planococcus minor Maskell

Psyllids Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

Fungi Coniothecium scabrum McAlpine

Viruses Citrus leprosis virus

Bacteria and Phytoplasmas "Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticum" Jagoueix et al. 

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