<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit 4.3

================================================================================



                        Dobson Communications Corporation,
                                     Issuer



                                       AND



                              The Bank of New York,
                                    Trustee



                       -----------------------------------



                                    INDENTURE

                            Dated as of July 18, 2001



                       -----------------------------------



                          Subordinated Debt Securities







================================================================================

<PAGE>


                             CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE*

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

Section of Trust
Indenture Act of                                            Section of
1939, As amended                                            Indenture
----------------                                           ------------
<S>                                                       <C>
310(a)..................................................... 7.09
310(b)..................................................... 7.08
    ....................................................... 7.10
310(c)..................................................... Inapplicable
311(a)..................................................... 7.13
311(b)..................................................... 7.13
311(c)..................................................... Inapplicable
312(a)..................................................... 5.01
    ....................................................... 5.02(a)
312(b)..................................................... 5.02(c)
312(c)..................................................... 5.02(c)
313(a)..................................................... 5.04(a)
313(b)..................................................... 5.04(b)
313(c)..................................................... 5.04(a)
    ....................................................... 5.04(b)
313(d)..................................................... 5.04(c)
314(a)..................................................... 5.03
314(b)..................................................... Inapplicable
314(c)..................................................... 13.07
314(d)..................................................... Inapplicable
314(e)..................................................... 13.07
314(f)..................................................... Inapplicable
315(a)..................................................... 7.01
315(b)..................................................... 7.14
315(c)..................................................... 7.01(a)
315(d)..................................................... 7.01(b)
315(e)..................................................... 6.07
316(a)..................................................... 6.06
    ....................................................... 8.04
316(b)..................................................... 6.04
316(c)..................................................... 8.01
317(a)..................................................... 6.02
317(b)..................................................... 4.03
</TABLE>
------------------------
*  This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and
   shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its terms or
   provisions.


<PAGE>


<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                             PAGE
<S>           <C>                                                                           <C>
                                                 ARTICLE I
                                                DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1.     Definitions of Terms.............................................................1
               Affiliate........................................................................1
               Authenticating Agent.............................................................2
               Bankruptcy Law...................................................................2
               Board of Directors...............................................................2
               Board Resolution.................................................................2
               Business Day.....................................................................2
               Certificate......................................................................2
               Company..........................................................................2
               Corporate Trust Office...........................................................2
               Currency Agreement...............................................................2
               Custodian........................................................................2
               Default..........................................................................2
               Depositary.......................................................................3
               Event of Default.................................................................3
               Global Security..................................................................3
               Governmental Obligations.........................................................3
               Guarantee........................................................................3
               Guaranty Agreement...............................................................4
               herein, hereof and hereunder.....................................................4
               Indenture........................................................................4
               Interest.........................................................................4
               Interest Payment Date............................................................4
               Officer..........................................................................4
               Officers' Certificate............................................................4
               Opinion of Counsel...............................................................4
               Original Issue Discount Security.................................................4
               Outstanding......................................................................4
               Person...........................................................................5
               Predecessor Security.............................................................5
               Responsible Officer..............................................................5
               Securities.......................................................................5
               Securityholder...................................................................5
               Subsidiary.......................................................................5
               Subsidiary Guarantor.............................................................5
               Subsidiary Guarantee.............................................................6
               Trustee..........................................................................6
               Trust Indenture Act..............................................................6
               Yield to Maturity................................................................6


<PAGE>

                                           ARTICLE II
                              ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION,
                              REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1.     Designation and Terms of Securities..............................................6
SECTION 2.     Form of Securities and Trustee's Certificate.....................................9
SECTION 3.     Denominations; Provisions for Payment............................................9
SECTION 4.     Execution and Authentication....................................................11
SECTION 5.     Registration of Transfer and Exchange...........................................12
SECTION 6.     Temporary Securities............................................................13
SECTION 7.     Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities.................................13
SECTION 8.     Cancellation....................................................................14
SECTION 9.     Benefits of Indenture...........................................................14
SECTION 10.    Authenticating Agent............................................................15
SECTION 11.    Global Securities...............................................................15

                                          ARTICLE III
                      REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS

SECTION 1.     Redemption......................................................................17
SECTION 2.     Notice of Redemption............................................................17
SECTION 3.     Payment Upon Redemption.........................................................18
SECTION 4.     Sinking Fund....................................................................19
SECTION 5.     Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities...........................19
SECTION 6.     Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.......................................19

                                           ARTICLE IV
                                       CERTAIN COVENANTS

SECTION 1.     Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest......................................20
SECTION 2.     Maintenance of Office or Agency.................................................20
SECTION 3.     Paying Agents...................................................................20
SECTION 4.     Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee................................21
SECTION 5.     Compliance with Consolidation Provisions........................................21
SECTION 6.     Statement by Officers as to Default.............................................22


<PAGE>

                                           ARTICLE V
                                   SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND
                             REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 1.     Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders...............22
SECTION 2.     Preservation of Information; Communications with Securityholders................22
SECTION 3.     Reports by the Company..........................................................23
SECTION 4.     Reports by the Trustee..........................................................23

                                           ARTICLE VI
                                  REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND
                              SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT

SECTION 1.     Events of Default...............................................................24
SECTION 2.     Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.................26
SECTION 3.     Application of Moneys Collected.................................................27
SECTION 4.     Limitation on Suits.............................................................28
SECTION 5.     Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver....................29
SECTION 6.     Control by Securityholders......................................................29
SECTION 7.     Undertaking to Pay Costs........................................................30

                                          ARTICLE VII
                                     CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 1.     Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee..................................30
SECTION 2.     Certain Rights of Trustee.......................................................31
SECTION 3.     Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities..................33
SECTION 4.     May Hold Securities.............................................................33
SECTION 5.     Moneys Held in Trust............................................................33
SECTION 6.     Compensation and Reimbursement..................................................33
SECTION 7.     Reliance on Officers' Certificate...............................................34
SECTION 8.     Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.........................................34
SECTION 9.     Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.........................................34
SECTION 10.    Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor...............................35
SECTION 11.    Acceptance of Appointment By Successor..........................................36
SECTION 12.    Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.....................37
SECTION 13.    Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company...........................37
SECTION 14.    Notice of Defaults..............................................................38


                                  ii
<PAGE>

                                          ARTICLE VIII
                                 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

SECTION 1.     Evidence of Action by Securityholders...........................................38
SECTION 2.     Proof of Execution by Securityholders...........................................39
SECTION 3.     Who May be Deemed Owners........................................................39
SECTION 4.     Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded.................................39
SECTION 5.     Actions Binding on Future Securityholders.......................................40

                                           ARTICLE IX
                                    SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 1.     Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders..................40
SECTION 2.     Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders.........................41
SECTION 3.     Effect of Supplemental Indentures...............................................42
SECTION 4.     Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures..................................43
SECTION 5.     Execution of Supplemental Indentures............................................43
SECTION 6.     Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.............................................43

                                           ARTICLE X
                                     SUCCESSOR CORPORATION

SECTION 1.     Company May Consolidate, Etc....................................................43
SECTION 2.     Successor Substituted...........................................................44
SECTION 3.     Evidence of Consolidation, Etc. to Trustee......................................44

                                           ARTICLE XI
                                   SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 1.     Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.........................................45
SECTION 2.     Discharge of Obligations........................................................45
SECTION 3.     Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust............................................46
SECTION 4.     Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents.........................................46
SECTION 5.     Repayment to Company............................................................46

                                          ARTICLE XII
                                   IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS,
                              STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.     No Recourse.....................................................................47


                                  iii
<PAGE>

                                          ARTICLE XIII
                                    MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SECTION 1.     Effect on Successors and Assigns................................................47
SECTION 2.     Actions by Successor............................................................47
SECTION 3.     Notices.........................................................................48
SECTION 4.     Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver.........................................48
SECTION 5.     Governing Law...................................................................48
SECTION 6.     Effect of Headings and Table of Contents........................................48
SECTION 7.     Compliance Certificates and Opinions............................................49
SECTION 8.     Payments on Business Days.......................................................49
SECTION 9.     Conflict with Trust Indenture Act...............................................49
SECTION 10.    Counterparts....................................................................49
SECTION 11.    Separability....................................................................50
SECTION 12.    Assignment......................................................................50

                                          ARTICLE XIV
                                  SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1.     Subordination Terms.............................................................50

</TABLE>

                                       iv
<PAGE>

            INDENTURE, dated as of July 18, 2001, among Dobson Communications
Corporation, an Oklahoma corporation (the "Company"), and The Bank of New
York, as trustee (the "Trustee"):

            WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly
authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the
issuance of unsecured subordinated debt securities (hereinafter referred to as
the "Securities"), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from
time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered
Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the
Trustee;

            WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the
Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly
authorized the execution of this Indenture; and

            WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid
agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

            NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of
the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as
follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:

                                    ARTICLE I

                                   DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1.     DEFINITIONS OF TERMS.

            The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all
purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have
the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural
as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined
in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such
Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein
otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall
have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said
Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.

            "Affiliate" means, with respect to a specified Person, (a) any
Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote
10% or more of the outstanding voting securities or other ownership interests of
the specified Person, (b) any Person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting
securities or other ownership interests are directly or indirectly owned,
controlled or held with power to vote by the specified Person, (c) any Person
directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with
the specified Person, (d) a partnership in which the specified Person is a
general partner, (e)


<PAGE>

any officer or director of the specified Person, and (f) if the specified
Person is an individual, any entity of which the specified Person is an
officer, director or general partner.

            "Authenticating Agent" means an authenticating agent with respect to
all or any of the series of Securities appointed with respect to all or any
series of the Securities by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.

            "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal
or state law for the relief of debtors.

            "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the Company or
any duly authorized committee of such Board.

            "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification.

            "Business Day" means, with respect to any series of Securities, any
day other than a day on which Federal or State banking institutions in the
Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, are authorized or obligated by law,
executive order or regulation to close.

            "Certificate" means a certificate signed by the principal executive
officer, the principal financial officer, the Treasurer or the principal
accounting officer of the Company. The Certificate need not comply with the
provisions of Section 13.07.

            "Company" means Dobson Communications Corporation, a corporation
duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Oklahoma, and,
subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors
and assigns.

            "Corporate Trust Office" means the office of the Trustee at
which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be
principally administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 101
Barclay Street, Floor 21 West, New York, New York 10286, and that whenever a
provision herein refers to an office or agency of the Trustee in the Borough
of Manhattan, The City of New York, such office is also located, at the date
hereof, at 101 Barclay Street, Floor 21 West, New York, New York 10286.

            "Currency Agreement" means in respect of a Person any foreign
exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement designed
to protect such Person against fluctuations in currency values.

            "Custodian" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator, or
similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

            "Default" means any event, act or condition that with notice or
lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.


                                       2
<PAGE>

            "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series, for
which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a
Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another
clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or other
applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by
the Company pursuant to either Section 2.01 or 2.11.

            "Event of Default" means, with respect to Securities of a particular
series any event specified in Section 6.01, continued for the period of time, if
any, therein designated.

            "Global Security" means, with respect to any series of Securities, a
Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary
or pursuant to the Depositary's instruction, all in accordance with the
Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its
nominee.

            "Governmental Obligations" means securities that are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full
faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and
credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not
callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also
include a depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) as custodian with respect to any such
Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any
such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the
holder of such depositary receipt; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that (except as required
by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount
payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the
custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of
principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such
depositary receipt.

            "Guarantee" means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any
Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any indebtedness of any other Person
and any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person
(a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment
of) such indebtedness or other obligation of such Person (whether arising by
virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to purchase
assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay or to maintain financial
statement conditions or otherwise) or (b) entered into for the purpose of
assuring in any other manner the obligee of such indebtedness of the payment
thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or
in part); PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the term "Guarantee" shall not include
endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The
term "Guarantee" used as a verb has a corresponding meaning. The term
"Guarantor" shall mean any Person Guaranteeing any obligation.


                                       3
<PAGE>

            "Guaranty Agreement" means a supplemental indenture, in a form
satisfactory to the Trustee, pursuant to which a Person Guarantees the Company's
obligations with respect to a series of Securities.

            "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder", and other words of similar
import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article,
Section or other subdivision.

            "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it
may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.

            "Interest" when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security which by its terms bears interest only after maturity, means interest
payable after maturity.

            "Interest Payment Date", when used with respect to any installment
of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in
such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto
with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of
interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.

            "Officer" means the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, any Executive Vice President, any Vice President, the Treasurer or the
Secretary of the Company.

            "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by two officers
that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such
certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and
to the extent required by the provisions thereof.

            "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion in writing of legal counsel,
who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company that is delivered to the
Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the
statements provided for in Section 13.07, if and to the extent required by the
provisions thereof.

            "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which (i) is
issued at a price lower than the amount payable upon the Maturity thereof and
(ii) provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon redemption or a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 6.01.

            "Outstanding", when used with reference to Securities of any series,
means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, as of any particular time, all
Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee
under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee
or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for
cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions
thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental
Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with


                                       4
<PAGE>

the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have
been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall
act as its own paying agent); PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if such Securities or
portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof,
notice of such redemption shall have been given as in Article Three provided,
or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such
notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other
Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms
of Section 2.07.

            "Person" means any individual, corporation, limited liability
company, partnership, joint-venture, joint-stock company, unincorporated
organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

            "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.07 in lieu of a lost,
destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the
lost, destroyed or stolen Security.

            "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee means
the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chairman, the President, Vice
President, the Secretary, the Treasurer, any trust officer, any corporate trust
officer or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee customarily
performing functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time
shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is
referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject.

            "Securities" means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.

            "Securityholder", "holder of Securities", "registered holder", or
other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a
particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for
that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.

            "Subsidiary" means, in respect of any Person, any corporation,
association, partnership, limited liability company, or other business entity of
which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of capital stock or
other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to
the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors,
managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or
indirectly, by (a) such Person, (b) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of
such Person or (c) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

            "Subsidiary Guarantor" means any Subsidiary of the Company that
provides a Guarantee of the obligations of the Company with respect to any
series of Securities or enters into a Guaranty Agreement that becomes a
Subsidiary Guarantor pursuant to Section 4.07.


                                       5
<PAGE>

            "Subsidiary Guarantee" means a Guarantee, including any Guaranty
Agreement, provided by a Subsidiary Guarantor of the Company's obligations with
respect to any series of Securities.

            "Trustee" means The Bank of New York, and, subject to the
provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns,
and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting in such capacity
hereunder, "Trustee" shall mean each such Person. The term "Trustee" as used
with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee
with respect to that series.

            "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, subject to the provisions of Sections 9.01, 9.02, and 10.01, as in
effect at the date of execution of this instrument.

            "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity on a series of
Securities, calculated at the time of issuance of such series, or, if
applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on such series, and
calculated in accordance with accepted financial practice.

                                   ARTICLE II

                    ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION,
                   REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1.     DESIGNATION AND TERMS OF SECURITIES.

            (a)  The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities
may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of
Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution of the Company or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental
hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall
be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, and set
forth in an Officers' Certificate of the Company, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto:

            (1)  the title of the Security of the series (which shall
      distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities);

            (2)  any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities
      of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this
      Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
      registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
      Securities of that series);


                                       6
<PAGE>

            (3)  whether any of the Securities of the series will be issuable in
      whole or in part in temporary or permanent global form or in the form of
      book-entry securities and, in such case, the identity for the Depositary
      for such series;

            (4)  the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of
      the series is payable;

            (5)  the rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, at which the
      Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation
      of such rate or rates, if any;

            (6)  the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the
      Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the
      manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates and the record date
      for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable on any such
      Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record
      dates;

            (7)  the place or places where payments with respect to the
      Securities of the series shall be payable;

            (8)  the right, if any, to defer payment of interest on the debt
      securities and the maximum length of any deferral period;

            (9)  the date, if any, after which, the price or prices at which and
      the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series may be
      redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

            (10) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase
      Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
      provisions (including payments made in cash in participation of future
      sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the
      date or dates, if any, on which, the price or prices at which, and the
      terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be
      redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

            (11) the subordination terms of the Securities of the series;

            (12) if other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars
      ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which
      the Securities of the series shall be issuable;

            (13) whether the series of Securities will be subject to any
      mandatory or optional sinking fund or similar provisions;

            (14) the currency or currency units in which payment of the
      principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of the
      series shall be payable;


                                       7
<PAGE>

            (15) whether and under what circumstances the Company will pay
      additional amounts on the Securities of the series held by non-U.S.
      persons in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge withheld
      or deducted and, if so, whether the Company will have the option to redeem
      such Securities rather than pay such additional amounts;

            (16) the terms pursuant to which the Securities of the series are
      subject to defeasance and satisfaction and discharge;

            (17) any addition to, or modification or deletion of, any Events of
      Default or covenants provided for with respect to the Securities of
      the series;

            (18) the terms and conditions, if any, pursuant to which the
      Securities of the series are secured;

            (19) whether the Securities of the series will be convertible into
      shares of common stock or other securities of the Company and, if so, the
      terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible,
      including whether conversion is mandatory, at the option of the holder, or
      at the option of the Company, the conversion price, the conversion period
      and any provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of common stock
      or other securities of the Company to be received by the holders of such
      series of Securities would be subject to adjustment;

            (20) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the
      principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
      declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section
      6.01;

            (21) any provisions granting special rights to holders when a
      specified event occurs;

            (22) any special tax implications of the Securities of the series,
      including provisions for Original Issue Discount Securities, if offered;

            (23) the form of the Securities of the series including the form of
      the Certificate of Authentication for such series; and

            (24) any and all other terms with respect to such series including
      any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws
      or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities
      of that series.

            (b)  All Securities of any one series shall be substantially
identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in
or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental
hereto.


                                       8
<PAGE>

            (c)  If any of the terms of the series are established by action
taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate
record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the
delivery of the Officers' Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of
the series.

            (d)  Securities of any particular series may be issued at various
times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of
principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different
methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on
which such interest may be payable and with different redemption dates. Unless
otherwise provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional
Securities of such series.

SECTION 2.     FORM OF SECURITIES AND TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE.

            The Securities of any series and the Trustee's certificate of
authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the
tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or
as provided in a Board Resolution of the Company and as set forth in an
Officers' Certificate of the Company and may have such letters, numbers or other
marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed,
lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to
comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with
any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which Securities of that series
may be listed, or to conform to usage.

SECTION 3.     DENOMINATIONS; PROVISIONS FOR PAYMENT.

            The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the
denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple
thereof, subject to Section 2.01(a)(12). The Securities of a particular series
shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect
to that series. Unless otherwise provided pursuant to Section 2.01, the
principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any
premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be
payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time
is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the
Company maintained for that purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and
State of New York which, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series
of Securities, shall be the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. Each Security
shall be dated the date of its authentication. Unless otherwise provided
pursuant to Section 2.01, interest on the Securities shall be computed on the
basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.

            The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for
Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said
Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is


                                       9
<PAGE>

registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such
interest installment. Unless otherwise provided in the terms of a series of
Securities, at the option of the Company, payment of interest may be mailed
by check to the holders of the Securities of any series at their respective
addresses set forth in the Security Register. In the event that any Security
of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption and the
redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any
Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on
such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security
as provided in Section 3.03.

            Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the
same series (herein called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be
payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue
of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the
Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:

            (1)  The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on
      Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their
      respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business
      on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which
      shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the
      Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid
      on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the
      same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money
      equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such
      Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
      for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money
      when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
      to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the
      Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted
      Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to
      the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the
      receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee
      shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the
      name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed
      payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to
      be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or
      her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter
      defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice
      of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record
      date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest
      shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their
      respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record
      date and shall be no longer payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

            (2)  The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any
      Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the
      requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be
      listed, and upon such notice as


                                       10
<PAGE>




      may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company
      to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such
      manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

            Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution of the Company or
one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series
of Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof, the term "regular record date" as
used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities with respect to any
Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the
month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date
established for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such
Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the last day of the month
immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established
for such series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest
Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a
Business Day.

            Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for
or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other
Security.

SECTION 4.     EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICATION.

            Two Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or
facsimile signature.

            If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that
office at the time the Trustee authenticates the Security, the Security shall be
valid nevertheless.

            A Security shall not be valid until an authorized signatory of the
Trustee manually signs the certificate of authentication on the Security. The
signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated
under this Indenture.

            At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery
of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by
the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of
the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by
two Officers, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities.

            In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the
Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be
fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and
terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this
Indenture.


                                       11

<PAGE>

            The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if
the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this
Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee.

SECTION 5.     REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

            (a) Securities of any series may be exchanged upon presentation
thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in
the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State of New York, for other Securities
of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal
amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any
Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee
shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor
the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the
exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously
outstanding.

            (b) The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or
agency designated for such purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and
State of New York, or such other location designated by the Company a register
or registers (herein referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register
the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and
which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee.
Unless otherwise specified in a supplemental indenture, the Trustee is hereby
appointed as "Security Registrar" for the purpose of registering Securities and
transfer of Securities of each series.

            Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency
of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the
Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name
of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series
as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.

            All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration
of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required
by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments
of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly
executed by the registered holder or by such holder's duly authorized attorney
in writing.

            (c) No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration
of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial
redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto,
other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.06, the second paragraph of Section
3.03 and Section 9.04 not involving any transfer.


                                       12

<PAGE>

            (d) The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or
register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening
of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of
less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the
close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer
of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for
redemption except the unredeemed portion of any Securities of any series being
redeemed in part. The provisions of this Section 2.05 are, with respect to any
Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.

SECTION 6.     TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

            Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary
Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized
denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of
the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such
omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary
Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of
any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee
upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like
effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay
the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series
and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered
in exchange therefor (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of
the Company designated for the purpose in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and
State of New York, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency
shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate
principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company
advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be
executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so
exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same
benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series
authenticated and delivered hereunder.

SECTION 7.     MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN SECURITIES.

            In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated
or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding
sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company's request the Trustee (subject as
aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series,
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution
for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security
so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted
Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity
as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of
destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and
the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of
the applicant's Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may
authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same


                                       13

<PAGE>

upon the written request or authorization of any Officer of the Company. Upon
the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment
of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be
imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and
expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. In case any Security that has
matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or
stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or
authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the
case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish
to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require
to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence
to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss
or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.

            Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this
Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company
whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found
at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the
benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other
Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be
held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are
exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all
other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or
hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of
negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.

SECTION 8.     CANCELLATION.

            All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption,
exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any
paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered
to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in
lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions
of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the
Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In
the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in
accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition
to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities,
however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of
the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

SECTION 9.     BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.

            Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied,
shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto
and the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of
Article Fourteen, the holders of senior indebtedness) any legal or equitable
right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any
covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such


                                       14

<PAGE>

covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the
parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the
provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of senior indebtedness).

SECTION 10.     AUTHENTICATING AGENT.

            So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding
there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities
which the Trustee, with the consent of the Company, shall have the right to
appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the
Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer
or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this
Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to
include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each
Authenticating Agent shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and
surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the
laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing
business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under
such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or State authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall
cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign
immediately.

            Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written
notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any
time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any
Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or
cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an
eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor
Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become
vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if
originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.

SECTION 11.     GLOBAL SECURITIES.

            (a) If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.01 that the
Securities of a particular series are issuable as a Global Security, then the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.04,
authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall
be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, such of
the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and that
the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time
to time be increased or reduced to reflect exchanges, (ii) shall be registered
in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the
Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary's instruction and (iv)
shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: "Except as otherwise
provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in
whole but not in part, only to another nominee


                                       15

<PAGE>

of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such
successor Depositary." Any endorsement of a Security in global form to
reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding
Securities represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee in such manner
and upon instructions given by such Person or Persons as shall be specified
therein or in the written request signed in the name of the Company, by two
Officers thereof to be delivered to the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.04 or
Section 2.06.

            (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.05, the Global
Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the
manner provided in Section 2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for
such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved
by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.

            (c) If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities
notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer
be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable
statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not
appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice
or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, this Section 2.11 shall
no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will
execute, and subject to Section 2.05, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver
the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in
authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the
principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such
Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the
Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and
that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities
of such series. In such event the Company will execute and subject to Section
2.05, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers' Certificate evidencing such
determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of
such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized
denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in
definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the
Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive
registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this
Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized
denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or
indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee
shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in
whose names such Securities are so registered.


                                       16

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE III

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
                           AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS

SECTION 1.     REDEMPTION.

            The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder
on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such
series pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.

SECTION 2.     NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

            (a) In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to
redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in
accordance with the right reserved so to do, the Company shall, or shall cause
the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of
such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of
such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 60 days before the date
fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their last addresses as
they shall appear upon the Security Register unless a shorter period is
specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the
manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given,
whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure
duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated
for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not
affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other
Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of
Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption
provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the
Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing
compliance with any such restriction.

            Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for
redemption and the redemption price (or the manner of calculation thereof) at
which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment
of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the
office or agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, the City and State
of New York, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest
accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said
notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the
redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the
Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of
Securities of that series to be redeemed in whole or in part shall specify the
particular Securities to be so redeemed. In case any Security is to be redeemed
in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion
of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and
after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or
Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion
thereof will be issued.


                                       17

<PAGE>

            (b) If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed,
the Company shall give the Trustee at least 30 days' notice in advance of the
date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of
the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in
such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and
that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one
thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the
principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000, the
Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in
writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part.

            The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of
instructions signed on its behalf by any Officer, instruct the Trustee or any
paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series
for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this
Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the
Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of
redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company
shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee
or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books
or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable
the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required
under the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 3.     PAYMENT UPON REDEMPTION.

            (a) If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed
as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be
redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and
at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together
with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such
Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date
fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such
redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or
portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after
the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice,
said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price
for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for
redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date,
the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered
holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to
Section 2.03).

            (b) Upon presentation of any Security of such series that is to be
redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall
deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of
the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the
unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.


                                       18

<PAGE>

SECTION 4.     SINKING FUND.

            The provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable
to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 for Securities of such
series.

            The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series.

SECTION 5.     SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.

            The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series
(other than any Securities previously called for redemption) and (ii) may apply
as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the
election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the
application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of
such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking
fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such
series, PROVIDED that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such
Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the
redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation
of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

SECTION 6.     REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.

            Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for
any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for
that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any,
that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series
pursuant to Section 3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with
such Officers' Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the
Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the
redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company
in the manner provided in Section 3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Section 3.03.


                                       19

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE IV

                                CERTAIN COVENANTS

SECTION 1.     PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.

            The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the
principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series at
the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with
respect to such Securities.

SECTION 2.     MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

            So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the
Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the
City and State of New York, with respect to each such series and at such other
location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.02,
where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii)
Securities of that series may be presented as hereinabove authorized for
registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon
the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may
be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or
agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by an Officer and
delivered to the trustee, designate some other office or agency for such
purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any
such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the
address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served
at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints
the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands.

SECTION 3.     PAYING AGENTS.

            (a) If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all
or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause
each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this
Section:

            (1) that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the
      payment of the principal of and any premium or interest on the Securities
      of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or
      by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the
      Persons entitled thereto;

            (2) that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the
      Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment
      of the principal of and any premium or interest on the Securities of that
      series when the same shall be due and payable;


                                       20

<PAGE>

            (3) that it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure
      referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written
      request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in
      trust by such paying agent; and

            (4) that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set
      forth in this Indenture.

            (b) If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to
any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the
principal of and any premium or interest on Securities of that series, set
aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal and any premium or interest so
becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such
Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the
Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such
Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more
paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of
the principal of and any premium or interest on any Securities of that series,
deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal and any
premium or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and
(unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the
Trustee of this action or failure so to act.

            (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, (i)
the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to
the provisions of Section 11.05, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the
purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any
other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums
held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the
Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were
held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by any paying
agent to the Trustee, such paying agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such money.

SECTION 4.     APPOINTMENT TO FILL VACANCY IN OFFICE OF TRUSTEE.

            The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the
office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a
Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.

SECTION 5.     COMPLIANCE WITH CONSOLIDATION PROVISIONS.

            The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain
Outstanding, consolidate with, or merge into, or merge into itself, or sell or
convey all or substantially all of its property to any other company unless the
provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied with.


                                       21

<PAGE>

SECTION 6.     STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT.

            The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the
end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an
Officers' Certificate signed by its principal executive officer, principal
financial officer or principal accounting officer stating whether or not to the
best knowledge of the signer thereof the Company is in default in the
performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of
this Indenture, and if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such
defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge.

                                    ARTICLE V

                       SECURITYHOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS
                         BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 1.     COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF
SECURITYHOLDERS.

            The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a)
semiannually on January 15 and July 15, a list, in such form as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of
Securities as of such regular record date, PROVIDED that the Company shall not
be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list
shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the
Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in
writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the
time such list is furnished; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, in either case, no such
list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the
Security Registrar.

SECTION 2.     PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS WITH
SECURITYHOLDERS.

            (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is
reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the
holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as
provided in Section 5.01 and as to the names and addresses of holders of
Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if
acting in such capacity).

            (b) The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

            (c) Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or under the Securities. The Company, the Trustee, the
Security Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of Section 312(c)
of the Trust Indenture Act.


                                       22

<PAGE>

SECTION 3.     REPORTS BY THE COMPANY.

            (a) The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee,
within 30 days after the Company is required to file the same with the
Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and
other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the
Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the
Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required to file
information, documents or reports pursuant to either of such sections, then to
file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with the rules and
regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the
supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports that may be
required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, in respect of a security
listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed
from time to time in such rules and regulations.

            (b) The Company covenants and agrees to file with the Trustee and
the Commission, in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed from to
time by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with
respect to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants provided
for in this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules and
regulations.

            (c) The Company covenants and agrees to transmit by mail, first
class postage prepaid, or reputable over-night delivery service that provides
for evidence of receipt, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses
appear upon the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing thereof with
the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required
to be filed by the Company pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this Section
as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission.

SECTION 4.     REPORTS BY THE TRUSTEE.

            (a) On or before July 1 in each year in which any of the Securities
are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage
prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the
Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and to the
extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.

            (b) The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the
Trust Indenture Act.

            (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such
transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with
each stock exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also
with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any
Securities become listed on any stock exchange.


                                       23

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VI

                           REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND
                       SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT

SECTION 1.     EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

            (a) Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a particular
series, "Event of Default" means any one or more of the following events that
has occurred and is continuing:

            (1) the Company defaults in the payment of any installment of
      interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same
      shall become due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period
      of 30 days; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that a valid extension of an interest
      payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any
      indenture supplemental hereto, shall not constitute a default in the
      payment of interest for this purpose;

            (2) the Company defaults (a) in the payment of the principal of (or
      premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the
      same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by
      declaration or otherwise, or (b) in any payment required by any sinking or
      analogous fund established with respect to that series, whether or not
      such payment is prohibited by Article Fourteen and the provisions of any
      indenture supplemental hereto;

            (3) the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its
      covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this
      Indenture or otherwise established with respect to that series of
      Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or
      agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for
      the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series)
      for a period of 60 days after the date on which written notice of such
      failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is
      a "Notice of Default" hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by
      the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the
      Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the
      Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;

            (4) if the Securities of the series are convertible into shares of
      common stock or other securities of the Company, failure by the Company to
      deliver common stock or the other securities when the holder or holders of
      such Securities elect to convert such Securities into shares of common
      stock or other securities of the Company;

            (5) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy
      Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order
      for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the
      appointment of a Custodian of it


                                       24

<PAGE>

      or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv) makes a general
      assignment for the benefit of its creditors;

            (6) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any
      Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an
      involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or
      substantially all of their respective property, or (iii) orders the
      liquidation of the Company and the order or decree remains unstayed and in
      effect for 90 days; or

            (7) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities
      of that series.

            (b) In each and every such case, unless the principal of all the
Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the
Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to
the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare
the principal (or, if the Securities of such series are Original Issue Discount
Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the
terms of such series) of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, on all
the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any
such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable,
notwithstanding anything contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of
that series or established with respect to that series pursuant to Section 2.01
to the contrary.

            (c) At any time after the principal of the Securities of that series
shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree
for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as
hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to
the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its
consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities
of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all
Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by
acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the
extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue
installments of interest, at the rate per annum or Yield to Maturity (in the
case of Original Issue Discount Securities) expressed in the Securities of that
series (or at the respective rates of interest or Yields to Maturity of all the
Securities, as the case may be) to the date of such payment or deposit) and the
amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06, and (ii) any and all Events of
Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the
non-payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest on Securities of that
series that (or, if any Securities are Original Issue Discount Securities, such
portion of the principal as may be specified in the terms thereof) shall not
have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided
in Section 6.06.


                                       25

<PAGE>

            No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any
subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

            (d) In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right
with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such
proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission
or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to
the Trustee, then and in every such case the Company and the Trustee shall be
restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all
rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as
though no such proceedings had been taken.

SECTION 2.     COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY
TRUSTEE.

            (a) The Company covenants that (1) in case it shall default in the
payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, or
any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect
to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, and such
default shall have continued for a period of 30 days, or (2) in case it shall
default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the
Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether
upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon
declaration or otherwise, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay
to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series,
the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such
Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case
may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to
the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law)
upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the
Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as
shall be sufficient to cover the reasonable costs and expenses of collection,
and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06.

            (b) If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon
such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or
in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute
any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any
such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the
Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be
payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or
other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.

            (c) In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial
proceedings affected the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee
shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein
that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise
provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and
documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the


                                       26

<PAGE>

Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire
amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of
institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become
due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any
moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to
distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee
under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or
reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such
series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee
shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.06.

            (d) All rights of action and of asserting claims under this
Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of
that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of
such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding
relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee
shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any
recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any
amounts due under Section 7.06, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the
Securities of such series.

            In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its
discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem
most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in
equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of
any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise
of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or
equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.

            Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any
plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such
proceeding.

SECTION 3.     APPLICATION OF MONEYS COLLECTED.

            Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with
respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following
order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or
interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation
thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully
paid:

            FIRST:  To the payment of costs and expenses of collection and of
      all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.06;


                                       27

<PAGE>

            SECOND:  To the payment of all senior indebtedness of the Company
      if and to the extent required by Article Fourteen; and

            THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
      Securities of such series for principal and any premium and interest, in
      respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been
      collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according
      to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any
      premium and interest, respectively.

SECTION 4.     LIMITATION ON SUITS.

            No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by
virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit,
action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this
Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other
remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the
Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof
with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default,
as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have
made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or
proceeding in its own name as trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders
shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require
against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby;
and (iv) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and
offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or
proceeding and (v) during such 60 day period, the holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a
direction inconsistent with the request.

            Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, any other
provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive
payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 2.03)
interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due
dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the
redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment
on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or
affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security
hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and
holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker and holder
and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall
have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any
provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the
holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority
over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this
Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and
common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection
and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder
and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law
or in equity.


                                       28

<PAGE>

SECTION 5.     RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE; DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.

            (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.07, all powers and
remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any
other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the
Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or
observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or
otherwise established with respect to such Securities.

            (b) No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of
the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default
occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or
shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or on acquiescence
therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.04, every power and remedy
given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the
Trustee or by the Securityholders.

SECTION 6.     CONTROL BY SECURITYHOLDERS.

            The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with
Section 8.04, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of
law or with this Indenture or be unduly prejudicial to the rights of holders of
Securities of such series not consenting; and PROVIDED, FURTHER, that the
Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not
inconsistent with such direction. Prior to the taking of any action hereunder,
the Trustee shall be entitled to reasonable indemnification satisfactory to the
Trustee against all losses and expenses caused by taking or not taking such
action. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the
right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith
shall, by a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee, determine that the
proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability. The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any
series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with
Section 8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such
series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants
contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.01 with respect to such
series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of
or any premium or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when
the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by
acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all
matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been
deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.01(c)). Upon any such
waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes
of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities
of such series shall be restored to


                                       29

<PAGE>

their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver
shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

SECTION 7.     UNDERTAKING TO PAY COSTS.

            All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any
Securities by such holder's acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed,
that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of
any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for
any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant
in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such
court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable
attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to
the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant;
but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of
Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any
Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the
respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                             CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 1.     CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRUSTEE.

            (a) The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with
respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of
Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred,
shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such
duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and
no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In
case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred
(that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to
Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a
prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his
own affairs.

            (b) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure
to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:

            (1) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to
      the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such
      Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:


                                       30

<PAGE>

                  (a) the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with
            respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the
            express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be
            liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the
            performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set
            forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations
            shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and

                  (b) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee,
            the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series
            conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the
            correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates
            or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the
            requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such
            certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are
            specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee
            shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or
            not they conform to the requirement of this Indenture;

            (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made
      in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the
      Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee, was negligent in
      ascertaining the pertinent facts;

            (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken
      or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the
      direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount
      of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding (determined as
      provided in Section 8.04) relating to the time, method and place of
      conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
      exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this
      Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and

            (4) None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require
      the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal
      financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the
      exercise of any of its rights or powers, if there is reasonable ground for
      believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably
      assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity
      against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.

SECTION 2.     CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

            Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:

            (a) The Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in
acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond,
security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have
been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;


                                       31
<PAGE>




            (b) Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned
herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument
signed in the name of the Company, by two Officers thereof (unless other
evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);

            (c) The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of
such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;

            (d) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders, pursuant to the provisions of this
Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities
that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall,
however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event
of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured
or waived) to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the
rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of
care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under
the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;

            (e) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted
to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within
the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;

            (f) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond,
security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by
the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in
Section 8.04); PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the payment within a reasonable time
to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it
in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not
reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of
this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs,
expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense
of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the
Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and

            (g) The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it
hereunder.


                                       32

<PAGE>

SECTION 3.     TRUSTEE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OR SECURITIES.

            (a) The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be
taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no
responsibility for the correctness of the same.

            (b)   The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or
sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.

            (c) The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application
by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities,
or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in
accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to
Section 2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying
agent other than the Trustee.

SECTION 4.     MAY HOLD SECURITIES.

            The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or
Security Registrar.

SECTION 5.     MONEYS HELD IN TRUST.

            Subject to the provisions of Section 11.05, all moneys received by
the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust
for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it
may agree with the Company to pay thereon.

SECTION 6.     COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.

            (a) The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the
Trustee shall be entitled to, such compensation (which shall not be limited by
any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express
trust), as the Company, and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing,
for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created
and in the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of
the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company
will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with
any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation
and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not
regularly in its employ) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may
arise from its negligence or bad faith. The Company also covenants to indemnify
the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold
it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence
or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in


                                       33

<PAGE>

connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the
reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of
liability in the premises.

            (b) The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate
and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable
expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness
hereunder. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that
of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee
as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular
Securities.

SECTION 7.     RELIANCE ON OFFICERS' CERTIFICATE.

            Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the
administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it
necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or
suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other
evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the
absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be
conclusively proved and established by an Officers' Certificate delivered to the
Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the
part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture
upon the faith thereof.

SECTION 8.     DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS.

            If the Trustee has or shall acquire any "conflicting interest"
within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and
the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b)
of the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 9.     CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.

            There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities
issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States of America or any State or
Territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other
Person permitted to act as trustee by the Commission, authorized under such laws
to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined capital and surplus of at
least 50 million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or
examination by Federal, State, Territorial, or District of Columbia authority.
If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant
to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining
authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and
surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and
surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The
Company may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling,
controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In
case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner
and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.


                                       34

<PAGE>

SECTION 10.     RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.

            (a) The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed, may at any
time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving
written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation
by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as
their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such
notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee
with respect to Securities of such series by or pursuant to a Board Resolution.
If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted
appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the
resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the
appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or
any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security
or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others
similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor
trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem
proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.

            (b)   In case at any time any one of the following shall occur:

            (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section
      7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any
      Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities
      for at least six months; or

            (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
      provisions of Section 7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request
      therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or

            (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be
      adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy
      proceeding, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be
      appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or
      control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
      rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, the
      Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint
      a successor trustee by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, or, unless the
      Trustee's duty to resign is stayed as provided herein, any Securityholder
      who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least
      six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly
      situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of
      the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may
      thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe,
      remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.

            (c) The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company
and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the
Company.


                                       35

<PAGE>

            (d) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a
successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of
the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of
appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.

            (e) Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be
appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such
series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series.

SECTION 11.     ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.

            (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with
respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

            (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (2)
shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to
confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring
Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and
(3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or
in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts
hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by
any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or
failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the
execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein,
such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates


                                       36

<PAGE>

have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for
the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under
this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act,
deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or
those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but,
on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the
extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of
that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee
relates.

            (c) Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall
execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred
to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.

            (d) No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the
time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article.

            (e) Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as
provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of
such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the
Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.
If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of
appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such
notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.

SECTION 12.     MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.

            Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be
the successor of the Trustee hereunder, PROVIDED that such corporation shall be
qualified under the provisions of Section 7.08 and eligible under the provisions
of Section 7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act
on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not
delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or
consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and
deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such
successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 13.     PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE COMPANY.

            The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the
Trust Indenture Act. A


                                       37

<PAGE>

Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.

SECTION 14.     NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

            If a default occurs and is continuing hereunder with respect to
Securities of any series and if it is actually known to a Trust Officer of the
Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each holder of such Securities notice of the
default within 90 days after is occurs PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the case of
any default of the character specified in Section 6.01(3) with respect to
Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at
least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. Except in the case of a default in
payment of principal of or interest on any Security (including payments pursuant
to the mandatory redemption provisions of such Security, if any), the Trustee
may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in
good faith determines that withholding the notice is not opposed to the interest
of the holders of such Securities. For the purpose of this Section, the term
"default" means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both
would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                         CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS

SECTION 1.     EVIDENCE OF ACTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS.

            Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a
majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand
or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any
other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders
of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may
be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor
executed by such holders of Securities of that series in Person or by agent or
proxy appointed in writing.

            If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series
any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers'
Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination
of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have
no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given
before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the
close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for
the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion
of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented
to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series


                                       38

<PAGE>

shall be computed as of the record date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such
authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record
date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to
the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record
date.

SECTION 2.     PROOF OF EXECUTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS.

            Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, proof of the execution of
any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or
his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the
Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:

            (a) The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any
instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.

            (b) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security
Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar
thereof.

            (c) The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter
referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.

SECTION 3.     WHO MAY BE DEEMED OWNERS.

            Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any
Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar
may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered
upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or
not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership
or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the
purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if
any, and (subject to Section 2.03) interest on such Security and for all other
purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any
Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

SECTION 4.     CERTAIN SECURITIES OWNED BY COMPANY DISREGARDED.

            In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate
principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any
direction, consent of waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series
that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that
series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or
under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of
that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the
purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining
whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent
or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so
owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in
good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for


                                       39

<PAGE>

the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the
satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to
such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly
controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with
the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right,
any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full
protection to the Trustee.

SECTION 5.     ACTIONS BINDING ON FUTURE SECURITYHOLDERS.

            At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee,
as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the
majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a
particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action,
any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be
included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action
may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as
provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security.
Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be
conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners
of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on
registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or
not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken
by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection
with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and
the holders of all the Securities of that series.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 1.     SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS.

            In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by
this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any
time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall
conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without
the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:

            (a)   to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect, or inconsistency
herein or in the Securities of any series;

            (b)   to comply with Article Ten;

            (c)   to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or
in place of certificated Securities;


                                       40

<PAGE>

            (d)   to provide for the assumption by a successor person of the
obligations of the Company under this Indenture;

            (e) to add Guarantees, including Subsidiary Guarantees, with respect
to debt securities or to release Subsidiary Guarantors from Subsidiary
Guarantees in accordance with the terms of the applicable series of Securities
or to secure a series of Securities;

            (f) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for
the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants
are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to
surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;

            (g) to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations,
and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue,
authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;

            (h)   to make any change that does not adversely affect the
rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;

            (i) to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms
and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.01, to
establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to
the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights
of the holders of any series of Securities; or

            (j) to comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange
Commission in connection with qualifying, or maintaining the qualification of,
this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

            The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the
execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further
appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the
Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture
that affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture
or otherwise.

            Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this
Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of
the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding
any of the provisions of Section 9.02.

SECTION 2.     SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS.

            With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.01) of the
holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures
at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by Board Resolutions, and
the Trustee may from time to time and at any time


                                       41

<PAGE>

enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall
conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for
the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or
eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental
indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.01 the
rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the
consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding affected thereby,
(i) change the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the
principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of
interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof;
(ii) reduce the amount of principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or
any other Security payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof; (iii)
change the currency in which any Security or any premium or interest is
payable; (iv) impair the right to enforce any payment on or with respect to
any Security; (v) adversely change the right to convert or exchange,
including decreasing the conversion rate or increasing the conversion price
of, such Security (if applicable); (vi) modify the subordination provisions
in a manner adverse to the holders of such Securities; (vii) if the
Securities are secured, change the terms and conditions pursuant to which the
Securities are secured in a manner adverse to the holders of the secured
Securities; (viii) reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding
Securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for
modification or amendment of this Indenture or for waiver of compliance with
certain provisions of this Indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; (ix)
reduce the requirements contained in this Indenture for quorum or voting; (x)
change any obligations of the Company to maintain an office or agency in the
places and for the purposes required by the indentures; or (xi) modify any of
the above provisions.

            It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of
any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of
any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent
shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 3.     EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

            Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the
provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, this Indenture shall, with
respect to such series, be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance
therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties
and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders
of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined,
exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications
and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental
indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this
Indenture for any and all purposes.


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<PAGE>

SECTION 4.     SECURITIES AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

            Securities of any series, affected by a supplemental indenture,
authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture
pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.01, may bear a
notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the
requirements of any exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any
matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so
determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any modification of this Indenture
contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the
Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the
Securities of that series then Outstanding.

SECTION 5.     EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

            Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board
Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and
upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders
required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the
Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental
indenture affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this
Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but
shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee,
subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive an Opinion of Counsel as
conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this
Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this
Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this
Article to join in the execution thereof; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such Opinion
of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a
supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities
pursuant to Section 2.01 hereof.

SECTION 6.     CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

            Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, in
effect on such date.


                                    ARTICLE X

                              SUCCESSOR CORPORATION

SECTION 1.     COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC.

            Unless otherwise specified in a supplemental indenture hereto,
nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall prevent
any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person
(whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or
mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or
parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of
the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or


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<PAGE>

substantially as an entirety, to any other Person (whether or not affiliated
with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and
operate the same; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Company hereby covenants and agrees
that, upon any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other
disposition, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium
and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms
of each series, according to their tenor and the due and punctual performance
and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with
respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant to
Section 2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed,
by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and
delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into
which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have
acquired such property.

SECTION 2.     SUCCESSOR SUBSTITUTED.

            (a) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor Person,
by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and
satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the due and punctual payment of the
principal of and any premium and interest on all of the Securities of all series
Outstanding and the due and punctual performance of all of the covenants and
conditions of this Indenture or established with respect to each series of the
Securities pursuant to Section 2.01 to be performed by the Company with respect
to each series, such successor Person shall succeed to and be substituted for
the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein,
and thereupon the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and
covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

            (b) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition such changes in phraseology and form (but not in
substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be
appropriate.

            (c) Nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
shall prevent the Company from merging into itself or acquiring by purchase or
otherwise all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not
affiliated with the Company).

SECTION 3.     EVIDENCE OF CONSOLIDATION, ETC. TO TRUSTEE.

            The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may receive
an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation,
merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such
assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.


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<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE XI

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 1.     SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.

            If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated (other
than any Securities that shall have ben destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall
have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.07 and Securities for whose
payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in
trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the
Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.05); or (b) all
such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to
become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within
one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice
of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the
Trustee as trust funds an amount of money in U.S. dollars sufficient, or
non-callable Governmental Obligations, the principal of and interest on which
when due, will be sufficient or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion
of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or
upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation, including principal and any premium and interest due
or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the
case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other
sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this
Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such
series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03
and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as
the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date
and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and
expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.

SECTION 2.     DISCHARGE OF OBLIGATIONS.

            If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not
heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become
due and payable as described in Section 11.01 shall have been paid by the
Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds money in
U.S. dollars sufficient or an amount of non-callable Governmental Obligations,
the principal of and interest on which when due, will be sufficient or a
combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm
of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such
Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, including principal and any premium and interest due or to become
due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as


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<PAGE>

the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all
other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then
after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are
deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture
with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the
provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10 and 11.05
hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.
Thereafter, Sections 7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.

SECTION 3.     DEPOSITED MONEYS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

            All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be
available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent
(including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the
particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such
moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.

SECTION 4.     PAYMENT OF MONEYS HELD BY PAYING AGENTS.

            In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the
provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the
Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.

SECTION 5.     REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.

            Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying
agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of
principal of or premium or interest on the Securities of a particular series
that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for
at least two years after the date upon which the principal of and any premium or
interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable,
shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or (if then held by the
Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and
the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities
entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as an unsecured general
creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.


                                      46

<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE XII

                          IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS,
                      STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.     NO RECOURSE.

            No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of
this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise
in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer
or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any
predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or
any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any
constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or
penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the
obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such
personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the
incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of
any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the
creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the
obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of
the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal
liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by
constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against,
every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of
the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the
obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of
the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as
a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and
the issuance of such Securities.


                                  ARTICLE XIII

                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SECTION 1.     EFFECT ON SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.

            All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this
Indenture contained by or on behalf of the Company shall bind their respective
successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 2.     ACTIONS BY SUCCESSOR.

            Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized
or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the
Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the
corresponding board, committee or officer of any Person that shall at the time
be the lawful sole successor of the Company.


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<PAGE>

SECTION 3. NOTICES.

            Except as otherwise expressly provided herein any notice or demand
that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or
served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities to or on the Company may
be given or served by being deposited first class postage prepaid in a
post-office letterbox addressed (until another address is filed in writing by
the Company with the Trustee), as follows: CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth
Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10019. Any notice, election, request or
demand by the Company or any Securityholder to or upon the Trustee shall be
deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or
made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

SECTION 4.     NOTICE TO HOLDERS OF SECURITIES; WAIVER.

            Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, where this Indenture
provides for notice to holders of Securities of any event, such notice shall be
sufficiently given to holders of Securities if in writing and mailed,
first-class postage prepaid, to each holder of a Security affected by such
event, at the address of such holder as it appears in the Security Register, not
earlier than the earliest date, and not later than the latest date, prescribed
for the giving of such notice.

            In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by
reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice to
holders of Securities by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the
approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to such holder for
every purpose hereunder. In any case where notice to holders of Securities is
given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any
notice mailed to any particular holder of a Security shall affect the
sufficiency of such notice with respect to other holders of Securities given as
provided herein.

            Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice
may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such
notice. Waivers of notice by holders of Securities shall be filed with the
Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of
any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

SECTION 5.     GOVERNING LAW.

            This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract
made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes
shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State.

SECTION 6.     EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

            The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents
are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.


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<PAGE>

SECTION 7.     COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.

            (a) Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to
take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company,
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that all
conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with,
except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the
furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this
Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional
certificate or opinion need be furnished.

            (b) Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and
delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
in this Indenture shall include (1) a statement that the Person making such
certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (2) a brief
statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon
which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based; (3) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such
examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an
informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been
complied with; and (4) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such
Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 8.     PAYMENTS ON BUSINESS DAYS.

            Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.01 pursuant to a Board
Resolution, and as set forth in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one
or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of
maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of
any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the
same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption,
and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.

SECTION 9.     CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

            If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits,
qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Section 318(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.

SECTION 10.     COUNTERPARTS.

            This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each
of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument.


                                      49

<PAGE>

SECTION 11.     SEPARABILITY.

            In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this
Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or
unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of
such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if
such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained
herein or therein.

SECTION 12.     ASSIGNMENT.

            The Company will have the right at all times to assign any of its
rights or obligations under this Indenture to a direct or indirect wholly-owned
Subsidiary of the Company, PROVIDED that, in the event of any such assignment,
the Company, will remain liable for all such obligations. Subject to the
foregoing, the Indenture is binding upon and inures to the benefit of the
parties thereto and their respective successors and assigns. This Indenture may
not otherwise be assigned by the parties thereto.


                                   ARTICLE XIV

                           SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1.     SUBORDINATION TERMS.

            The payment by the Company of the principal of and any premium and
interest on any series of Securities issued hereunder shall be subordinated to
the extent set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto relating to such
Securities.


                                      50

<PAGE>

            IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to
be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.

                                    Dobson Communications Corporation


                                    By: /s/ Ronald L. Ripley
                                       -----------------------------------
                                       Name: Ronald L. Ripley
                                       Title: Vice President
                                              Senior Corporate Counsel


                                    The Bank of New York
                                    as Trustee


                                    By: /s/ Louis P. Young
                                       -----------------------------------
                                       Name: Louis P. Young
                                       Title: Vice President
                                              Attorney-in-fact


                                      51