1 |EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergyeere.energy.gov[INSERTPICTURE(S)OFPRODUCT(S)][INSERTPICTURE(S)OFPRODUCT(S)]EnergyConservationStandardsFrameworkDocument forComputerandBatteryBackupSystemsJuly31,2014JeremyDommuDepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgramEERE‐2014‐BT‐STD‐0025ComputerSystems2014STD0025@ee.doe.gov2Welcome•Introductions(aroundtheroom)•RoleoftheFacilitator•GroundRules–Speakoneatatime.–Sayyournamefortherecord– therewillbeacompletetranscriptofthismeeting.–Beconcise– sharethe‘air‐time’.–Keepthefocushere– cellphonesonsilent;limitsidebarconversations.–Webinarparticipantsturnphoneonmute;“raiseyourhand”toberecognizedtospeak.•HousekeepingItems•AgendaReview•OpeningRemarks3PurposeofthePublicMeeting•Presenttheproceduralandanalyticalapproachestoevaluateenergyconservationstandardsforcomputerandbatterybackupsystems(computersystems).•Invitecommentontheenergyconservationstandardsframeworkdocument.•Discussnextstepsintherulemaking.•Inviteparticipantstoprovidesummarycommentsorstatementsandraiseadditionalissuesfordiscussion.4Agenda9:00– 9:15am9:15– 9:459:45– 11:00am11:00– 11:15am11:15– 12:00pm12:00– 1:00pm1:00– 2:00pm2:00–2:15pm2:15– 2:45pm2:45– 3:00pm3:00– 3:15pm3:15– 3:30pmWelcome,Introductions,OpeningStatementsRulemakingOverviewScopeofRulemakingBreakTestProcedureRulemakingLunchMarket&TechnologyandScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkups,EnergyUse,&Life‐CycleCostAnalysesBreakShipmentsAnalysis&NationalImpactAnalysisNextStepsandClosingRemarks5ListeningViatheWebcast•TheDepartmentisbroadcastingthismeetingliveovertheInternet.•DOEisprovidingthewebcasttoaccommodatestakeholdersthatareunabletoattendthepublicmeetinginperson.•Thewebbroadcastallowsstakeholderstolisteninandviewtheslides.•Allstakeholdersareencouragedtosubmitwrittencommentsafterthepublicmeeting.6IssuesforDiscussionIssueboxnumberingcorrespondstothelistofissuespublishedattheendoftheframeworkdocument,availableat:www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/81ThedeadlineforsubmittingcommentsisOctober2,2014.Issue Box:DOE welcomes comments, data, and informationon all aspects of the material presented in the frameworkdocument for computer systems. Issues that correspond tothose raised in DOE’s published material will be numbered inaccordance with that material.Issues not raised in DOE’s published material are numberedas Item A, Item B and so on. Whether invited by an issue boxor not, comments are welcome on any part of DOE’s analysis.7OpeningRemarksMeetingparticipantsareinvitedtoprovideopeningremarksorstatementsatthistime.8PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps9FinalRuleNoticeofProposedRule(NOPR)PreliminaryAnalysisFrameworkPublicMeeting&CommentPeriodRulemakingOverview•SeparaterulemakingsareconductedfortestproceduresandenergyconservationstandardsPublicMeeting&CommentPeriodPublicMeeting&CommentPeriod10FrameworkDocument•DescribesoverallapproachthatDOEisconsideringtodeveloppotentialtestprocedureandstandards.•Publicmeetingisheldandstakeholdersareencouragedtosubmitdata,information,andwrittencomments.FinalRuleNoticeofProposedRule(NOPR)PreliminaryAnalysisFramework11PreliminaryAnalysis•Optional stepDOEmayusetovetthemodelsandtoolsthatDOEintendstouseinrulemaking.•Makespreliminarydeterminationforcandidatestandardlevels(CSLs),whichspanfrombaselineproducttomostefficienttechnologyforeachproductclass.FinalRuleNoticeofProposedRule(NOPR)PreliminaryAnalysisFramework12NoticeofProposedRule•Addressescommentsreceivedonpreliminaryanalysis.•PresentsDOE’sanalysisofimpactsofpotentialstandardsonconsumers,manufacturers,andthenation,andDOE’sweightingoftheseimpacts.•Proposesstandardlevelsforpubliccomment.FinalRuleNoticeofProposedRule(NOPR)PreliminaryAnalysisFramework13FinalRule•AddressescommentsreceivedonNOPR.•Refinesanalyses,impactofanystandards,DOE’sweightingofthoseimpacts,andstandardlevels,asneeded.•Establishesmandatoryminimumefficiencystandardanddatebywhichmanufacturersmustcomplywithanystandards.FinalRuleNoticeofProposedRule(NOPR)PreliminaryAnalysisFramework14EPCAFactors42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i)directs DOE to consider seven factors whenconsidering energy conservation standards:EPCA Factors DOE Analysis1. Economic impact on consumers andmanufacturersLife-Cycle Cost AnalysisManufacturer Impact Analysis2. Lifetime operating cost savings comparedto increased cost for the productLife-Cycle Cost Analysis3. Total projected energy savings National Impact Analysis4. Impact on utility or performance Engineering AnalysisScreening Analysis5. Impact of any lessening of competition Manufacturer Impact Analysis6. Need for national energy conservation National Impact Analysis7. Other factors the Secretary considersrelevantEnvironmental AssessmentUtility Impact AnalysisEmployment Impact Analysis15Standards RulemakingOptions•Stakeholdersmaypursueanalternativerulemakingoptioninlieuofthetraditionalapproach•Optionsinclude:–NegotiatedRulemaking(withDOEparticipation)–ConsensusAgreement(submittedjointlybyinterestedpersonsthatarefairlyrepresentativeofrelevantpointsofview)–Non‐RegulatoryAgreement16PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps17ComputerandBatteryBackupSystems•DOEproposedthefollowingdefinitionforcomputersystemsintheFebruary2014noticeofproposeddetermination:•Computers,computerservers,anduninterruptiblepowersupplies(UPSs)areexamplesofproductsconsideredinthescopeofcomputersystems’definition.Aconsumerproductwhoseprimaryfunctionistoperformlogicaloperationsandprocessdata,orequipmentwhoseprimaryfunctionistomaintaincontinuityofloadpowerforsuchproductsincaseofinputpowerfailure.18TestProcedureandStandardsRulemakingScope`ComputerSystemsComputersComputerServersAdditionalScopeCriteriaUPSs19ComputersDefinitionunderConsiderationDOEDefinition underConsiderationComputermeansaconsumerproductpoweredbymainspowerwiththeprimaryfunctionofperforminglogicaloperationsandprocessingdata.Ataminimum,acomputeriscomposedofthefollowing:(1)Acentralprocessingunit(CPU)toperformoperations,ortheabilitytofunctionasaclientgatewaytoaserverthatactsasacomputationalCPU;(2)Userinputdevicessuchasakeyboard,mouseortouchpad;and(3)Anintegrateddisplayand/ortheabilitytosupportanexternaldisplayscreentooutputinformation.Thisdefinitionexcludesproductsthatmayperformsimilaroperationsbuthavedifferentprimaryfunctions,includingbutnotlimitedto:playingvideogames,displayingtelevisionsignals,makingphonecalls,takingpictures,oroutputtingaudiosignals.•BasedonENERGYSTARV.6.0definition,but:–Includesmainspowerandprimaryfunctiontodistinguishfromotherelectronicproductsthatmayperformlogicaloperationsbutnotasitsprimaryfunction.–Excludesexamplesofspecificproducttypes.–Includesadditionalrequirementtoexplicitlyexcludespecificproducts.ENERGYSTAR V.6.0DefinitionAdevicewhichperformslogicaloperationsandprocessesdata.Forthisspecification,computersincludebothstationaryandportableunits,includingdesktops,etc.Althoughcomputersarecapableofusinginputdevicesanddisplays,suchdevicesarenotrequiredtobeincludedwiththecomputeruponshipment.20IssuesforDiscussionItem 3-1:DOE requests comment on the definition of acomputer or alternate approachesthat should be considered.Specifically, DOE requests suggestions of characteristics thatmay be used in the definition to distinguish general consumerelectronics from computers.21ENERGYSTAR V.2.0DefinitionA computerthatprovidesservicesandmanagesnetworkedresourcesforclientdevices...Acomputerserverissoldthroughenterprisechannelsforuseindatacentersandoffice/corporateenvironments.Acomputerserverisprimarilyaccessedvianetworkconnections...Additionally, acomputerservermustmeetingthefollowingcriteria:•ProvidesupportforECCand/orbufferedmemory.•Isdesignedsuchthatallprocessorshaveaccesstosharedsystemmemory...•IsdesignedforandlistedassupportingoneormorecomputerserverOSand/orhypervisors.•IspackagedandsoldwithoneormoreAC‐DCorDC‐DCpowersupplies.ComputerServersDefinitionunderConsiderationDOEDefinition underConsiderationAcomputerthatprovidesservicesandmanagesnetworkedresourcesforclientdevices...Acomputerserverisprimarilyaccessedvianetworkconnections...Additionally, acomputerservermustmeetingthefollowingcriteria:•ProvidesupportforECCand/orbufferedmemory.•Isdesignedsuchthatallprocessorshaveaccesstosharedsystemmemory....•BasedonENERGYSTARV.2.0definition,butexcludes:–Saleschannelsbecauseserversarenotalwayssoldthroughenterprisechannelsandareoftensoldforuseinmultipleenvironments.Further,underEPCA,thefactthataserverissoldonlyorprimarilytocommercial/industrialcustomersdoesnot,alone,makeitacommercialproduct.–OSrequirementsbecauseitmaybedifficulttocreateaquantitativedistinctionbetweenacomputerOSandaserverOS.–Powersupplyrequirementbecauseinclusionofapowersupplydoesnotprovideameaningfuldistinctionbetweencomputerandserver.22IssuesforDiscussionItem 3-2:DOE requests feedback and information onadditional factors and criteria that could be used to distinguishclearly between computer servers and client computers, otherthan those based on point-of-sale or end-use.23UPSDefinitionunderConsiderationDOEDefinition underConsiderationAcombinationofconvertors,switchesandenergystoragedevices(suchasbatteries)constitutingapowersystemformaintainingcontinuityofloadpowerincaseofprimaryinputpowerfailure.•SamedefinitionasspecifiedinENERGYSTARUPSV.1.0andIECstandard62040‐3Edition2.0.Item A:DOE requests comment on the UPS definition.24ScopeIncludesConsumerProductsOnlyAnyarticleofatypethatconsumesorisdesignedtoconsumeenergy,and,toanysignificantextent,isdistributedincommerceforpersonaluseorconsumptionbyindividualswithoutregardtowhethersucharticleofsuchtypeisinfactdistributedincommerceforpersonaluseorconsumptionbyanindividual.(42U.S.C.6291(1))•Thescopeofthisrulemakingincludesonlyconsumerproducts,whichisdefinedasfollowsbyEPCA:25•Atthisinitialstage,DOEconsidersallcomputerstomeetthedefinitionofaconsumerproduct•DOEisconsideringwhethercertaincomputerproductsshouldbeincludedinthescope.DOEisconsideringincluding:• Desktops• IntegratedDesktops• Notebooks• ThinClientsDOEisevaluatingtheimpactofincluding:• Workstations• Small‐scaleServers• TabletsComputersScope26MethodsforSpecifyingComputersScope•DOEisconsideringtwomethodsforspecifyingscopeforcomputers.1. Include/excludealistofproductsbytheirdefinitions.–Desktops,notebooks,integrateddesktops,etc.2. Usegeneralproductfeaturesandcharacteristics.–Productweight,screensize,powersource,hardware,etc.27IssuesforDiscussionItem 3-3:DOE requests comment on using ENERGY STARComputers V. 6.0 and ENERGY STAR Computers Final DraftV. 6.1 as the basis for computer product definitions. DOE alsorequests comment on any additional computer productdefinitions that should be included.Item 3-5:DOE requests comment on the types of computersthat should be excluded from scope.Item 3-6:DOE requests comment on using computer productcharacteristics to narrow the scope of coverage or moreaccurately define products. In particular, what designcharacteristics would best beused to separate out tablets?28CriteriatoDistinguishConsumerComputerServersHardwareCharacteristics• Numberofprocessorsockets• Amountofmemorysupported• PerformanceInfrastructuralRequirements• Abilitytooperateusingresidentialpower• FormFactor•Severalquestionshavebeenraisedaboutwhattypesofcomputerserverswouldbeconsideredconsumerproducts.•DOEisconsideringincludingcharacteristicstoclarifywhattypesofcomputerserverswouldbeinscope.29IssuesforDiscussionItem 3-7: Based on DOE’s definition of a consumer product ,DOE requests comment on additional methods (besides abilityto operate on a residential circuit) to identify computer serversthat are consumer products. Are there alternative strategiesthat can be used to createa scope of coverage whichdistinguishes consumer computerservers from those that areexclusively used in commercial/data-center environments?30CriteriatoDistinguishConsumerUPSs•DOEisconsideringdifferentmethodsforclarifyingthedistinctionbetweencommercialandconsumerUPSs.Criteriabeingconsidered• Abilitytooperateusingresidentialpower• Productspecifications,suchasoverallcapacity(VA)Criterianotbeingconsidered• Productarchitecture(suchasVFD,VI,VFI)unlessitisassociatedwithcustomerutilitynotofferedotherwise31Item 3-8:DOE requests feedback on the proposed scope forUPSs. In particular, are there any UPS types that should beincluded or excluded from scope that have not previously beenidentified.Item 3-9:DOE requests feedback on using productspecifications, such as rated power, to narrow the scope ofcoverage. DOE further requests feedback on whether ratedpower is a proper differentiator between consumer andcommercial UPSs and what, if any, constitutes a proper cut-offrated power level.Issues forDiscussion32PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps33FinalRuleNoticeofProposedRule(NOPR)PublicMeetingPublicMeetingTestProcedureRulemakingProcess•DOEisconsideringhostingseparatepublicmeetingstopresentthethreeproposedtestproceduresforcomputers,computerservers,andUPSs.PublicMeeting34TestProcedureObjectives•Repeatable•Reproducible•Representative•Notoverlyburdensome•Anticipatestechnologychanges•Discouragescircumvention•Unambiguous•Harmonizeswithrelatedtestprocedures•Consistentwiththestatute35TestProcedure:ComputerProducts•MostindustrystandardsforcomputersfollowthetestprocedureoutlinedinIEC62623Ed.1.0.–USENERGYSTAR,EU &AustraliauseIEC62623asthebasisfortheirregulatory/voluntaryefficiencyprogramsforcomputers.–DOEisalsoconsideringthisstandard.–DOEisconsideringincludingadditionalguidanceprovidedinENERGYSTARComputersV.6.0.Item 4-1:DOE requests comment on the use of IEC 62623Ed. 1.0 as the basis for the computers test procedure.Item 4-2:DOE requests comment on including additionalguidance provided in ENERGY STAR Computers V. 6.0.Specifically, DOE requests comment on the luminance valuesspecified in ENERGY STAR Computers V. 6.0 for integrateddesktops and notebooks. Are these values sufficient or doesthe luminance need to be higher for integrated displays?36ENERGYSTARComputersOutputMetric•TheoutputmetricofENERGYSTARComputersV.6.0isanannualenergyconsumption(AEC)calculation.–Theoutputvalueiscalculatedfromaweightedaverageofmodalpower,withweightsderivedfromECMA‐383:Mode Desktops/Other % Notebooks %Off45 25Sleep5 35LongIdle15 10ShortIdle35 30ൌ ࡯ࡱ࡭ൈ ૛૝ ൈ૜૟૞ࡼࢋ࢒ࢊ࢏	܏ܖܗܔࢀ ൈࢋ࢒ࢊࡵ	܏ܖܗܔ൅ࡼࢋ࢒ࢊ࢏	ܜܚܗܐܛࢀ ൈࢋ࢒ࢊ࢏	ܜܚܗܐ܁൅ࡼ࢖ࢋࢋ࢒࢙ࢀ ൈ࢖ࢋࢋ࢒࢙൅ࡼࢌࢌ࢕ࢀ ൈࢌࢌ࢕૚૙૙૙Item 4-3:DOE requests comment on the inclusion ofENERGY STAR Computers V. 6.0 mode weightings.37ENERGYSTARComputersNetworkProxy•Networkproxyallowsacomputertoremainconnectedtoanetworkwhileinalowpowerstate.–Itmayincreasethetimespentinsleepmode.•ENERGYSTARComputersV.6.0recognizesthisfunctionbyalteringtheusageprofileofcomputerswithnetworkproxy:ModeWeightsforDesktop/Other ComputerswithNetworkProxyModeConventional%BaseCapability%RemoteWake%Service/NameDiscovery%FullCapability%Off45 40 30 25 20Sleep5 15 28 36 45LongIdle15 12 10 8 5ShortIdle35 33 32 31 3038NetworkProxyOptionsforDOERulemaking•AlthoughENERGYSTARincludesdefinitionsfornetworkproxyfunctions,DOEbelievesthisfunctionalityisnoteasytoclassify.–Functionalityisdifficulttoidentifysolelybasedonmenusandselectedsettings.–Implementationofnetworkproxyvariesbymanufacturer.•Otheroptionsforsimplifyingnetworkproxying include:–Twolevelsofweighting– withorwithoutnetworkproxy–Nousageprofileadjustmentsfornetworkproxying39IssuesforDiscussionItem 4-5:DOE requests comment on a standardized andobjective method to identify the level of proxy functionality oncomputers. Specifically, DOE welcomes information on stepsthat can objectively determine the proxy level on differentoperating systems.Item 4-6:DOE requests comment on the best approach toaddress network proxying: (a) using four levels of weightingsfor proxy functionality as specified in ENERGY STARComputers V. 6.0 in addition to the conventional weightings;(b) using two levels of weightings, one for no network proxyfunctionality and the other for network proxy functionality; and,(c) using a single weighting for all computers.40TestProcedure:ComputerServerProducts•DOEisconsideringENERGYSTARComputerServersV.2.0asthebasisforthetestprocedureforcomputerservers,whichincludesidleandactivestatetests.IdleStateTest• Determinesacomputerserver’spowerconsumptionwhileoperatinginaninactivestate.ActiveStateTest• Measuresacomputerserver’spowerconsumptionwhileitperformsavarietyoftasksthatarerepresentativeoftypicalcomputerserverapplications.41ComparisonofIdleStateTestandActiveStateTestIdleState Test ActiveStateTestCompatible withAllComputerServers?Yes NoEfficiency/EnergyMetricSimple ComplexModesofOperationRepresentedOne Many42TestProcedure:ComputerServerProducts•DOEisconsideringusingtheidlestatepowermeasurementtest,butnottheactivestatepowermeasurementtest.–Computerserversspendalotoftimeinaninactivestate*.–Theamountofenergyobservedbyanidlestatetestrepresentsalargeportionofthetotalenergyconsumptionofacomputerserver.•DOEhaspreliminarilydeterminedthatitisnotfeasibletotestserversinstandbyoroffmode.–Aserverwouldrarelybeinstandbymodebecauseitwouldbeincapableofrespondingimmediatelytorequests.–Aserverwouldbeconsideredoffifithasbeenpoweredoffandcanpoweronviaaswitchorbuttonontheserver.Manyserversdonothavethiscapability.*X. Fan, W.-D. Weber, and L.A. Barroso, “Power Provisioning for a warehouse-sizedcomputer,” inProc. of the 34th AnnualInternational Symposiumon Computer Architecture,2007.43IssuesforDiscussionItem 4-8: DOE requests comment on the use of the idle statetest from the ENERGY STAR Computer Servers V. 2.0 TestMethod for computer servers as a base for the development ofthe computer servers test procedure.44TestProcedure:UPSProducts•DOEisevaluatingthefollowingtestmethodsfortheUPStestprocedure:–IEC62040‐3Ed2.0;and–ENERGYSTARUPSV.1.0•ENERGYSTARUPSV.1.0buildsonIEC62040‐3Ed2.0withminordifferencesthatDOEwillassess.Item 4-9:DOE requests feedback on its adoption of the IEC62040-3 Ed.2.0 standard as a basis for the development of theUPS test method, while considering additional guidanceprovided in ENERGY STAR UPS V. 1.0.45PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps46OverviewofAnalyses47PurposeofMTAandScreeningAnalysis•MarketandTechnologyAssessment(MTA)–Determineproductclasses,and–Identifytechnologyoptionstoimproveefficiency.•ScreeningAnalysis–ScreenouttechnologyoptionsthatDOEwillnotconsiderintheengineeringanalysisbasedon:•Technologicalfeasibility;•Practicabilitytomanufacture,install,andservice;•Adverseimpactsonutilitytoconsumersoravailability;and•Adverseimpactsonhealthorsafety.48IssuesforCommentItem 6-1:DOE requests information that would contribute tothe market assessment for computers, computer servers, andUPSs that would be covered in this rulemaking. DOEparticularly seeks information on shipments, trends in productfeature and efficiency, distribution channels and estimates ofmarket shares for the computers, computer servers, and UPSsconsidered in this rulemaking.49ProductClasses•DOEdividescoveredproductsintoclassesby:–Thetypeofenergyused;–Capacityoftheproduct;or–Otherperformance‐relatedfeaturesthatjustifydifferentstandardlevels,suchasfeaturesaffectingconsumerutility.•DOEestablishesseparateenergyconservationstandardsforeachproductclass.50ProductClasses:ComputerProducts•DOEevaluatedcomputerproductclassstructuresinthefollowingregulatoryandvoluntaryprograms:–Australian/NewZealandStandard,AS/NZS5813:2012–EuropeanUnion(EU)No.617/2013–ENERGYSTARComputersV.5.2–ENERGYSTARComputersV.6.0–ECMA‐383Ed.3:2010‐12•DOEisconsideringacomputerproductclassstructurethatisbasedonENERGYSTARComputersV.5.2and6.0.–AS/NZSandEUstandardsarebasedonthesestandards.–ECMA‐383includesgraphicsallowancesthatareincludedinENERGYSTARComputersV.6.0.51ENERGYSTARComputersV.5.2ProductCategories•ENERGYSTARComputersV.5.2separatesdesktop,integrateddesktop,andnotebookcomputersintodifferentcategories.•CategoriesarebasedonnumberofCPUcores,memory,andGPU.•Additionalallowancesareprovidedfor:–Memory–Graphics–Storage52ENERGYSTARComputersV.6.0ProductCategories•ENERGYSTARComputersV.6.0separatesdesktop,integrateddesktop,andnotebookcomputersintodifferentcategories.•CategoriesarebasedonthetypeofGPUandaperformancescore(Performancescore=(#CPUcores)× (CPUclockspeed)).•Additionalallowancesareprovidedfor:–Memory – Storage–Graphics – Integrateddisplay–EnergyEfficientEthernet– Efficientpowersupply53ProductClasses:ComputerProducts•DOEisconsideringusingsomeofthesefeaturestoscaletheefficiencystandard:–Memory– Storage–Graphics – Integrateddisplay•DOEwillevaluatethefeaturesincentivizedinENERGYSTARinmoredetail,todeterminewhethertheywarrantseparateproductclasses:–EnergyEfficientEthernet– Efficientpowersupply54IssuesforCommentItem 5-2:DOE requests comment on the categorizationcriteria for ENERY STAR Computers V. 5.2 product categories.Item 5-3:DOE requests comment on the memory, graphics,and storage product category variables from ENERGY STARComputers V. 5.2.55IssuesforCommentItem 5-5:DOE requests comment on the granularity of sevengraphics categories specified in ENERGY STAR V. 6.0consistent with the market of available GPUs.Item 5-6:DOE requests comment on the integrated displayand enhanced performance display product category variablesfrom ENERGY STAR Computers V. 6.0.Item 5-4:DOE requests comment on whether the CPUperformance metric in ENERGY STAR V. 6.0 effectivelyclassifies the performance of a CPU.56ProductClasses:ComputerServers•DOEisconsideringacomputerserverproductclassstructurethatisbasedonENERGYSTARComputerServersV.2.0.–Separatesproductsbasedonformfactorintodifferentcategories.–Categoriesarebasedonmaximumnumberofinstalledprocessorsandcriteriaforamanagedserver.–Adjustsenergyqualificationlevelsbasedonnumber/amountof:•Powersupplies•Harddrives•BufferedDDRchannels •Memory•Input/outputdevices•Alternately,DOEmayconsiderestablishingproductclassesbasedon:–Hardwarefeaturessuchasnumberofprocessors,storagecapacity,etc.–ScoresimilartoENERGYSTARV6.0Computersperformancescore57IssuesforDiscussionItem 5-8:DOE requests comment on possible strategies forcomputer server product classes. DOE requests comment onpossible advantages and shortcomings of using the ENERGYSTAR Computer Servers V. 2.0 classification criteria for thepurpose of this rulemaking.58ProductClasses:UPSProducts•DOEisconsideringaUPSproductclassstructurethatisbasedonENERGYSTARUPSV.1.0,whichusesfollowingcriteria:–Topology(VFD,VI&VFI)–Outputpower(P≤1500W,1500W<P≤10,000W,P>10,000W)–Outputtype(ACvs.DC)–Additionalfeatures(Metering,communication,etc.)•DOEisconsideringusingENERGYSTARUPSV.1.0asaguidelineforitsowndefinitionofUPSproductclasses.Item 5-9:DOE requests comment on possible advantages andshortcomings of using the ENERGY STAR UPS V. 1.0 productclassification criteria for the purpose of this rulemaking.59TechnologyAssessment•DOEusesinformationaboutcommerciallyavailabletechnologiesandprototypesasinputinidentifyingtechnologiesusedtodecreaseenergyconsumptionorincreaseefficiency.•DOEhasidentifiedthefollowingtechnologyoptions:Computers•Switchablegraphics•SuspendtoFlash•Moreefficientcomponents•Energy‐efficientEthernet•CPUpowermanagementComputerServers•Moreefficientcomponents•CPUpowermanagement•VariablefanspeedsUPSs•Semiconductorimprovements•Digitalsignalprocessingandspacevectormodulation•Transformer‐lessUPStopologies•ScreeningAnalysiswillexcludetechnologyoptionsbasedon:–Technologicalfeasibility;–Practicabilitytomanufacture,install,andservice;–Adverseimpactsonutilitytoconsumersoravailability;and–Adverseimpactsonhealthorsafety.60IssuesforDiscussionItem 6-3:DOE welcomes comments on the preliminarytechnology options for computer systems identified in thissection and whether there are other technology options itshould consider. In commenting on technology options, pleasediscuss their impacts, if any, on safety, performance, and userutility, as well as costof the technology options.Item 7-1:Are there any technologies that DOE should notconsider because of any of the four screening criteria? If so,which screening criteria apply to the cited technology ortechnologies.61PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps62OverviewofAnalyses63EngineeringAnalysis– MethodologyChooserepresentativeproductclassesandcomputersystemtypestobeanalyzedintheengineeringandlife‐cyclecostanalysis.Definecharacteristicsofbaselinemodelsineachrepresentativeproductclass.Selectmoreefficientunitsforeachbaselinemodelbasedondesignoptions.Developefficiencylevels(ELs)thatrangefromthebaselinetothemaximumtechnologicallyfeasible.Scaleresultstoproductclassesnotanalyzed.ChooseRepresentativeProductClassesDefineBaselineModelsIdentifyReplacementsDevelopEfficiencyLevelsScaletoProductClassesNotAnalyzed64RepresentativeProductClasses•DOEchoosesrepresentativeproductclassestoconcentrateitsanalyticaleffort.•DOEselectsrepresentativeproductclassesprimarilybasedontheirhighmarketvolumes.ChooseRepresentativeProductClassesDefineBaselineModelsIdentifyReplacementsDevelopEfficiencyLevelsScaletoProductClassesNotAnalyzed65BaselineModels•DOEselectsbaselinemodelsineachrepresentativeproductclass.•Forproductsthatdonothaveexistingstandards,DOEselectsthemostcommon,leastefficientproductsold.ChooseRepresentativeProductClassesDefineBaselineModelsIdentifyReplacementsDevelopEfficiencyLevelsScaletoProductClassesNotAnalyzed66Higher‐EfficiencyReplacements•DOEselectsmoreefficientcomputersystems’foreachbaselinemodelbyconsideringtechnologiesnoteliminatedinthescreeninganalysis.ChooseRepresentativeProductClassesDefineBaselineModelsIdentifyReplacementsDevelopEfficiencyLevelsScaletoProductClassesNotAnalyzed67EfficiencyLevels•DOEplanstodevelopELsbasedontwofactors:–Designoptionsassociatedwithspecificproducttypesbeingstudied;–Maximumtechnologicallyfeasible(maxtech)efficiencylevel.ChooseRepresentativeProductClassesDefineBaselineModelsIdentifyReplacementsDevelopEfficiencyLevelsScaletoProductClassesNotAnalyzed68ScalingtoProductsNotAnalyzed•Standardsfornon‐representativeproductclassesaredeterminedbyscalingstandardsfromproductclassesthatweredirectlyanalyzed.ChooseRepresentativeProductClassesDefineBaselineModelsIdentifyReplacementsDevelopEfficiencyLevelsScaletoProductClassesNotAnalyzed69IssuesforDiscussionItem 8-1:DOE encourages interested parties to submit data thatwill improve DOE’s understanding of computer systems’performance and associated costs.70PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps71OverviewofAnalyses72MarkupsAnalysis•Purpose:–Theengineeringandmarkupsanalysestogetherprovideananalysisoftherelationshipbetweenefficiencyandend‐userprice.•ProposedMethodology:–Identifydistributionchannels.–DetermineanaveragemanufacturermarkupbyexaminingannualU.S.SEC10‐Kreportsfiledbypubliclytradedmanufacturers.DetermineanaverageretailermarkupfromCensusdataandSECreports.–Estimatetheconsumerpricesforeachproductefficiencylevelbyapplyingmarkups(consistingofdistributionchannelmarkupsandsalestax,ifapplicable)tomanufacturersellingpriceestimates.–DOEwilldevelopbaselineandincrementalmarkupsforcomputersystems.73IssuesforDiscussionItem 9-1:DOE seeks suggestions and comments concerning itsproposed approach to developing estimates of markups.74OverviewofAnalyses75EnergyUseAnalysis•Purpose:–Toidentifyhowproductsareusedbyconsumers,andtherebydeterminetheenergysavingspotentialofenergyefficiencyimprovements.•ProposedMethodology:–Annualenergyconsumption(kilowatthours)estimatedbasedonaweightedaverageofmeasuredpowerconsumptionvaluesineachmodeofoperation.–Forcomputerservers,DOEisconsideringanidlemodepowertestonly,convertedtoAECbasedonassumedproductutilization.–ForUPSs,DOEisconsideringasimilarmetrictoENERGYSTARUPSV.1.0.–Becauseenergyuseofcomputersystemscanvarygreatlybasedondifferentusagepatterns,DOEwillconductfurtherresearchandutilizeadditionaldatatoestablisharangeofenergyuse.76IssuesforDiscussionItem 10-1:DOE seeks comments on its proposed approach forspecifying typical annual energy consumption. Most importantly,DOE is interested in sources of data that can assist incharacterizing the annual energy consumption of computersystems.Item 10-2:DOE welcomes input on data sources that it can use tocharacterize the variability in annual energy consumption forcomputer systems in the field. DOE is particularly interested infield monitoring studies and data.77OverviewofAnalyses78Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis•Purpose:–Assesslife‐cyclecost(LCC)impactsofdifferentefficiencylevelsontheconsumer.TheLCCreflectsthetotalcostofaproductoveritslifetime.–AssessthePaybackPeriod(PBP),whichistheamountoftimerequiredforenergycostsavingstorecoveranyincreasedcostofahigher‐efficiencyproduct.•ProposedMethodology:–LCCequalsconsumerpriceplusthesumofannualoperatingcostsdiscountedtoaparticularbaseyear.–AnalysiswillmodeltheuncertaintyandvariabilityofinputsusingprobabilitydistributionsandMonteCarlosimulationsusingMSExcel®spreadsheet.–Resultsfor(1)meanLCCsavings,(2)percentagesofconsumerswithnetsavings,netcost,andnoimpactinLCC,and(3)medianPBP.79Life‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysis80LCCandPBP:Inputs•EnergyPrices•InstallationCosts–Unlessconsideredefficiencylevelsresultinsignificantlylargerproducts,DOEexpectsthatmoreefficientcomputersystemswillnotincreaseinstallationcosts.•Maintenance&RepairCosts–Incrementalefficiencychangestypicallyincurlittlechangeinthesecosts.•ProductLifetimes–DOEwillcharacterizesurvivalfunctionsusingWeibull distributions.•DiscountRates:–DOEwilluseestimatesofinterest/“financecost”topurchasecomputersystemsinordertodeterminepresentvalueoflifetimeoperatingexpenses•BaseCaseEnergyEfficiency–DOEwillusedataonrecentmarkettrendsincomputersystemefficiency,andwillconsiderthepotentialimpactsofotherprograms/policies(e.g.,consumerrebateprograms,taxcredits)thatmayaffectdemandformoreefficientcomputersystems.81IssuesforDiscussionItem 11-1:DOE seeks comments on its proposed approach ofusing probability distributions and Monte Carlo simulation toconduct the LCC and PBP analysis.Item 11-4:DOE seeks comments on the merits of its proposedanalytical assumption that changes in maintenance, repair, andinstallation costs will be negligible for more-efficient computersystems. If that assumption is incorrect, DOE is interested in thereasons why this is so and inspecific ways to correct thatassumption.Item 11-2:DOE requests data from stakeholders to characterizethe current mix of computer system efficiencies in the market.Item 11-3:DOE seeks comments on the planned approach forestimating current and forecasted energy prices.82IssuesforDiscussionItem 11-5:DOE seeks comments on appropriate product lifetimesfor computer systems. Specifically, DOE seeks data sources forestablishing product lifetimes.Item 11-6:DOE seeks comments on its planned approach forestimating discount rates for residential and commercialconsumers.Item 11-7:DOE seeks comments on computer system efficiency inthe base case, historical efficiency data on computer systems, andprojected trends in computer system efficiency.83PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps84OverviewofAnalyses85ShipmentsAnalysis•Purpose:–Projectfutureshipmentsbyproductclasstocalculatenationalimpactsofadoptinganenergyefficiencystandard.•ProposedMethodology:–DOEtypicallyprojectsshipmentsovera30‐yearperiodbeginningontheexpectedcompliancedateofthestandard.–DOEwillalsoconductapricetrendsanalysisandinvestigateseveralmethodsforforecastingfutureprices.•Approach:–DOEplanstouseaneconomicmodeltoprojectshipmentsinthestandardscase,ascomparedtothebasecase.•Basedonobserved&projectedtechnologypricetrends&adoptionrates.•Aspartofthebasecase,willconsidertheimpactofexistingmarket‐pullprograms,suchasENERGYSTAR,consumerrebateprogramsthatencouragethepurchaseofmore‐efficientcomputersystems,andmanufacturertaxcreditsthatencouragetheirproduction.86IssuesforDiscussionItem 12-1:DOE seeks historical shipments data and reports onfuture market trends from stakeholders. If such data are provided,DOE requests market share data showing the percentage ofcomputer system shipments of different efficiencies and productclasses.Item 12-2:As part of the preliminary manufacturer impact analysis,DOE seeks input from manufacturers on the potential impact ofnew energy conservation standards on computer systemshipments. DOE also seeks input from other stakeholders on thismatter.Item 12-3:DOE requests input on any current market-pullprograms that promote the adoptionof more efficient computersystems.87OverviewofAnalyses88NationalImpactAnalysis(NIA)•Purpose:–Determinetheprojectednationalenergysavings(NES)andconsumernationalnetpresentvalue(NPV)associatedwithpotentialenergyconservationstandardsforcomputersystems.•ProposedMethodology:–Developannualseriesofnationalenergyandeconomicimpacts.–Utilizetheshipmentsmodeltoestimatestockeachyear.–UtilizetheLCCtodevelopinputsfortotalinstalledcostandenergyuseperunitinanyyear.–Aggregatethecostsandenergyuseforallyearsintheanalysisperiod.–ReportNESintermsofsite,primary,andfull‐fuel‐cycle(FFC)savings.–ReportchangeinnationalconsumerNPV(inconstant‐yeardollars).–Accountforthetime‐valueofmoneythoughdefineddiscountratesof3%and7%.89NIA:NationalEnergySavings(NES)90NIA:NationalConsumerNetPresentValue(NPV)91NIA:Considerations•AkeycomponentofDOE’sestimatesofNESandNPVareproductenergyefficienciesprojectedovertime,forbasecaseandforeachofthestandardscases.•Inthepast,DOEhasused“roll‐up”and/or“shift”scenarios;morerecentanalyseshaveincorporatedconsumerchoicemodeling.DOEwillevaluatewhetheroneoftheseapproachesisabetterfitfortheNIAanalysisforcomputersystems.Item 13-1:DOE seeks comments on which of these approaches touse to project product energy efficiencies of computer systems.92PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Rulemaking Overview2Scope of Rulemaking3Test Procedure Rulemaking4Market & Technology and Screening Analyses5Engineering Analysis678Markups, Energy Use, & Life-Cycle Cost AnalysesShipments Analysis & National Impact AnalysisNext Steps93DOESeeksCommentonitsFrameworkDocument•Inallcorrespondence,pleaseincludeallofthefollowing:–FrameworkDocumentforComputerandBatteryBackupSystems–DocketNumber:EERE‐2014‐BT‐STD‐0025–RegulatoryIdentificationNumber(RIN):1904‐AD04•Email:ComputerSystems2014STD0025@ee.doe.gov•Commentperiodcloses:October2,2014.Postal:HandDelivery/Courier:Ms.BrendaEdwardsU.S.DepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgram,MailstopEE‐2J1000IndependenceAvenue,SWWashington,DC20585‐0121Ms.BrendaEdwardsU.S.DepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgram,Suite600950L’EnfantPlaza,SWWashington,DC20024Tel:202‐586‐294594RelevantURLs•DOEApplianceStandards:–http://energy.gov/node/773531/index.html•ComputerSystemsDOEProductWebsite:–http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/81•ComputerSystemsRulemakingWebsite:–http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/rulemaking.aspx/ruleid/78•RulemakingDocket(EERE‐2014‐BT‐STD‐0025):–http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketBrowser;rpp=25;po=0;D=EERE‐2014‐BT‐STD‐002595ContactInformationDOEProjectManagerMr.JeremyDommuJeremy.Dommu@ee.doe.gov(202)586‐9870BuildingTechnologiesProgram,MailstopEE‐2J1000IndependenceAvenue,SWWashington,DC20585‐0121DOEGeneralCounselMs.CeliaSherCelia.Sher@hq.doe.gov(202)‐287‐6122OfficeofGeneralCounsel,MailstopGC‐711000IndependenceAvenue,SWWashington,DC20585–0121