# Patent

## Title
Styrene based ion exchange resins with oxine functionalized groups

## Abstract

Oxine ligands placed on styrene base ion exchange resins selectively remove iron and gallium from acidic solutions. After loading, the oxine resin is stripped of the loaded metals and used again for further metal removal. The resins can be used for process streams, acid rock drainages, or any other iron or gallium containing solution.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/147,025, filed Jan. 23, 2009, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety including all figures, tables and drawings.


STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
This invention was made with Government support under Grant No. CR-19476 A 429231 awarded by the Center for Advanced Separation Technologies. The Government has certain rights in the invention.


REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX
Not applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many mining companies utilize acid based leaching techniques for copper and other potential metals. During this process, unwanted metals, such as iron, leach into solution, therefore, further processing must be employed for iron removal or selective separation of valuable metals. These techniques include solvent extraction, precipitation, and/or ion exchange methods.
Current technologies used for ferric iron removal, such as precipitation techniques, produce large amounts of iron containing sludge and require large amounts of chemicals. For solvent extraction techniques, the raffinate, a liquid steam that remains after the extraction with the immiscible liquid to remove solutes from the original liquor, can easily become contaminated with iron and lower overall removal efficiency. Other ion exchange resins from removal of iron from solutions have been successfully created, however, these technologies utilize phosphonate ligands and have low overall capacities.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention involves the selective removal of certain metals from aqueous systems using a selective ligand ion exchange resin. In a particularly preferred embodiment, iron, as ferric, or gallium is selectively removed from other metals, such as copper, cobalt, and nickel, in acidic solutions by a styrene resin with oxine functionalized groups. After metal loading of the resin, the resin is stripped to concentrate the either ferric iron or gallium from the initial solution for further treatment. The stripped resin can be used again over many cycles for further selective removal of iron or gallium from solution. The invention can be easily applied to contaminated streams, process streams, acid rock drainages, or other potential iron or gallium containing solutions.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a preferred embodiment of an oxine ligand styrene based ion exchange resin of the subject invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the selective removal of Fe from an aqueous solution by a preferred embodiment of the resin of the subject invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the removed Fe being stripped from the preferred embodiment of the resin in FIG. 2.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention involves a styrene based ion exchange resin with oxine functionalized groups that selectively remove certain metals from mixed metal solutions.
Although iron and gallium have the highest affinity for the functionalized oxine ligands of the ion exchange resin of the subject invention, the subject resin can be used to remove other metals, including but not limited to, copper, cobalt, rhodium, zinc, cerium, lanthanum, germanium, nickel, platinum, palladium, uranium, antimony, cadmium, indium and molybdenum, from mixed metal solutions. Oxine based ligands are used in solvent extraction techniques to remove metals from mine leach solutions. These oxine ligand solvent extraction techniques however suffer from the deficiencies of other solvent extraction techniques. The subject method provides an effective and efficient means to remove unwanted metals from an aqueous solution. Oxine base ligands are functionally chemically attached to a styrene base to provide a selective ligand ion exchange resin.
A preferred embodiment of the subject resin is shown in FIG. 1 and can be prepared by the following method:

    1) A styrene based amine ligand ion exchange (IX) resin is used (either primary amine or secondary amine).
    2) For initial reaction, each gram of IX resin is reacted and mixed with 1 milliliter of formaldehyde and 0.1 milliliter acetic acid for 24 hours.
    3) The solid liquid mixture is then filtered with the IX resin remaining.
    4) The IX resin is then reacted with 4 times the amount of methanol in milliliters and dissolved 8-hydroxyquinoline (1×) adjusted to pH=9 with ammonium hydroxide.
    5) The solid liquid mixture is refluxed at 70 degrees centigrade for 24 hours.
    6) The solid liquid mixture is filtered off and the reacted ion exchange resin is rinsed with dilute ammonium hydroxide, then distilled water, then dilute acetic acid, and distilled water.


Laboratory column testing has been completed on solutions containing iron, manganese, and zinc for selective iron removal. Flow rate for testing was done at 0.20 bed volumes per minute and samples taken every bed volume. (FIG. 2) After testing, the sample was successfully stripped with sulfuric acid and analyzed for iron, manganese, and zinc (FIG. 3).
It is understood that the foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention. Certain modifications of the articles and/or methods may be made and still achieve the objectives of the invention. Such modifications are contemplated as within the scope of the claimed invention.

## Claims

1. A selective ligand ion exchange resin comprising:
a styrene based ion exchange resin;
an amine containing group, the amine containing group connected to the styrene based ion exchange resin by a first linking organic group; and
at least one 8-hydroxyquinoline ligand, the at least one 8-hydroxyquinoline ligand connected to the amine containing group by a second linking organic group.

2. The selective ligand ion exchange resin of claim 1, wherein said amine containing group is a primary amine.

3. The selective ligand ion exchange resin of claim 1, wherein said amine containing group is a secondary amine.

4. The selective ligand ion exchange resin of claim 1, wherein said first linking organic group is a methylene methyl group.

5. The selective ligand ion exchange resin of claim 1, wherein said second linking organic group is a methylene group.