J-S87039-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

DAVID T. DONES

Appellant No. 708 MDA 2016

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 3, 2015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-22-CR-0001228-2015

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., SOLANO, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED DECEMBER 19, 2016

David T. Dones appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in the 

Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, after he was convicted by a jury 

of aggravated assault of a police officer1and disorderly conduct.2 After 

careful review, we affirm.

The trial court aptly summarized the relevant facts of this case as 

follows:

Harrisburg City Police Officers Mike Rudy and Edwin Powell 

responded to a call [at] 310 Hummel Street, Harrisburg, PA 

around 4:00 a.m. on December 21, 2014. When the Police 

Officers arrived, [Dones] was standing at the top of the third 

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S. § 2702(a)(3).

2 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a)(4).
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floor covered in blood and was being verbally aggressive toward 

[the] police. Once [Dones] finally decided to come downstairs 

and outside to be checked by medical personnel, [Dones’] action 

began to escalate (i.e.[,] screaming louder, flexing, threatening 

people, “you don’t know who you’re messing with, etc.). 

[Dones] was cursing and threatening to kill the police officers 

that were present on the scen[e]. [Dones] yelled “I’m going to 

f*&king kill you” [Dones] was eventually transported to the 

hospital.

Once at the hospital, [Dones] again erupted and was screaming, 

yelling, [and] thrashing around on the gurney. [Dones] had to 

be restrained. Hospital personnel along with several officers and 

hospital security attempted to get him to calm down and onto a 

hospital bed. While being held down, [Dones] began to lay back 

and thrust his legs forward in a kicking motion. [Dones] looked 

Officer Powell in the eyes and kicked him pretty hard, knocking 

him back a foot. Additionally, [Dones] spit on Officer Powell and 

it stuck to his shirt. [Dones] also spit on Christopher 

Steinbacher. [Dones] continued to spit until a spit hood was put 

on him.

Trial Court Opinion, 9/23/16, at 3 (footnotes and citations to record 

omitted).

After a one-day jury trial, Dones was convicted of aggravated assault 

of a police officer and disorderly conduct. On November 3, 2015, the court 

held a consolidated sentencing hearing on the instant case, as well as on two 

other unrelated cases involving Dones.3 Dones was sentenced to 18-84 

months’ imprisonment on the aggravated assault charge, with credit for time 

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3 Those two unrelated cases are also currently on appeal to this Court. See

Commonwealth v. Dones, 597 MDA 2016 (appeal from judgment of 

sentence for simple assault) and Commonwealth v. Dones, 2106 MDA 

2015 (appeal from judgment of sentenced for resisting arrest, disorderly 

conduct, and public drunkenness).
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served, and a concurrent sentence of 12 months’ probation for the disorderly 

conduct charge. 

Dones filed a timely post-sentence motion, which the trial court 

denied. On April 11, 2016, Dones filed a notice of appeal and, later, a timely 

court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on 

appeal. Dones presents the following issues for our review:

(1) Did not the lower court abuse its discretion by failing to 

grant [Dones] a new trial on the basis that the guilty 

verdicts were against the weight of the evidence?

(2) Was the imposition of an aggregate sentence of one year, 

ten months, to nine years, clearly unreasonable, so 

manifestly excessive as to constitute an abuse of 

discretion, and inconsistent with the protection of the 

public, the gravity of the offenses, and [Dones’] 

rehabilitative needs where the court imposed consecutive 

jail sentences both of which were in the aggravated range 

of the sentencing guidelines?

Appellant’s Brief, at 8.

Dones first contends that the jury’s aggravated assault verdict was 

against the weight of the evidence where the evidence was insufficient to 

prove that he caused or attempted to cause bodily injury to a protected class 

member who was performing within the scope of his official duties.4

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4 We recognize that Dones’ first issue on appeal is actually a challenge to the 

sufficiency, not the weight, of the evidence. Commonwealth v. Karkaria, 

625 A.2d 1167 (Pa. 1993) (evidence deemed sufficient to support verdict 

when it establishes each material element of crime charged and commission 

thereof by accused beyond reasonable doubt).
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When reviewing a sufficiency claim, our Court is required to view the 

evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner giving the 

prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the 

evidence. Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745 (Pa. 2000). In 

applying the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all 

evidence actually received must be considered. Id. Finally, “the trier of fact 

while passing upon the credibility of the witnesses . . . is free to believe all, 

part or none of the evidence.” Commonwealth v. Hutchinson, 947 A.2d 

800, 805-806 (Pa. Super. 2008) (quotation omitted). 

Aggravated assault of a police officer or an emergency medical 

technician (EMT) is defined as “attempt[ing] to cause or intentionally or 

knowingly caus[ing] bodily injury to any of the officers, agents, employees 

or other persons enumerated in subsection (c),5in the performance of duty.” 

18 Pa.C.S. § 2702(a)(3). 

Here, Dones asserts that, due to a mental health episode,6 he caused 

only relatively minor self-inflicted wounds and kicked his legs for a short 

period of time which did not cause any injuries to third persons. While 

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5 Under subsection (c) of section 2702, police officers and emergency 

medical service personnel are enumerated. 18 Pa.C.S. § 2702(c)(1), (21).

6 Dones states that he “was obviously in the throes of some mental health 

episode,” Appellant’s Brief, at 36, during his encounter with the police and 

EMTs. However, at trial he did not present any evidence to indicate that his 

mental health was of such a nature that a jury could not infer he acted with 

the requisite intent under section 2702.
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Dones admits he delivered one kick that “landed on [an officer’s] biceps and 

the torso area,” he notes that the area was “protected by his bullet-proof 

vest.” Appellant’s Brief, at 36. Accordingly, he claims that these actions do 

not amount to aggravated assault and that “it was contrary to the weight of 

the evidence for the jury to have made a finding that it was [his] conscious 

object to inflict bodily injury on one or more of the alleged victims.” Id. at 

36-37. We disagree.

In a prosecution for aggravated assault under section 2702(a)(3), the 

Commonwealth has no obligation to establish that the officer actually

suffered a bodily injury; rather, the Commonwealth must establish only an 

attempt to inflict bodily injury. Commonwealth v. Marti, 779 A.2d 1177 

(Pa. Super. 2001) (emphasis added and in original). This intent may be 

shown by circumstances which reasonably suggest that a defendant 

intended to cause injury. Id.; see also Commonwealth v. Galindes, 786 

A.2d 1004, 1012 (Pa. Super. 2001) (“An attempt exists when the accused 

intentionally acts in a manner which constitutes a substantial or significant 

step toward perpetrating . . . bodily injury upon another.”). 

It was within the jury’s province to find that Dones, by kicking, 

thrashing, and flailing while he was restrained on a hospital bed, intended to 

cause injury to Officer Powell and EMT Steinbacher. Officer Powell testified 

that Dones gave him a “mule kick” to the chest that was “pretty hard [and] 

knocked [him] back a little bit . . . maybe a foot” even though he was 

wearing a bullet proof vest. N.T. Jury Trial, 11/3/15, at 57. The officer also 
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testified that Dones “cocked his right leg back and ended up [kicking him] . . 

. [s]omewhere on the bicep area.” Id. at 55. EMT Steinbacher testified that 

as Dones was yelling obscenities and spitting at him and Officer Powell, 

Dones “starting winding up” and tried to kick him. Id. at 75-77. 

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the 

Commonwealth, as the verdict winner, we conclude that there was sufficient 

evidence to enable the jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Dones 

violated section 2702(a)(3).

Dones also claims that there was insufficient evidence to prove that his 

actions caused serious public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm. 

Specifically, he contends that as the subject of an involuntary mental health 

commitment, he cannot be deemed to have committed disorderly conduct.

“A person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with intent to cause public 

inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he 

creates a hazardous or physically offensive condition by any act which 

serves no legitimate purpose of the actor.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(a)(4).

Instantly, Dones continuously yelled obscenities at and threatened to 

kill others and spat in their faces and tried to kick them, while he stood 

outside his home and while he was restrained on a gurney in a public 

hospital. Dones placed several officers, EMTs, and hospital personnel at 

risk for injury and created a physically offensive condition in public. 

Commonwealth v. Pringle, 450 A.2d 103, 106 (Pa. Super. 1982) 

(shouting profane names and insults at police officers on public street while 
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officers attempt to carry out their lawful duties constitutes disorderly 

conduct). Moreover, Dones’ loud and offensive behavior caused neighbors 

to “com[e] out from about three or four doors down wondering what was 

going on.” N.T. Jury Trial, 11/3/15, at 67. See 18 Pa.C.S. § 5503(c) (under 

section 5503, “‘public” means “affecting or likely to affect persons in a place 

to which the public or a substantial group has access; among the places 

included are . . . any neighborhood, or any premises which are open to the 

public.”).

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the 

Commonwealth, as the verdict winner, we conclude that there was sufficient 

evidence to enable the jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Dones 

violated section 5503(a)(4).

In his final issue on appeal, Dones contends that the trial court’s 

sentence is inappropriate where “the imposition of consecutive sentences . . 

. was so manifestly excessive as to constitute an abuse of discretion.” 

Appellant’s Brief, at 24. He also contends that the court focused solely on 

the nature of the criminal conduct and discounted a mitigating factor, his 

mental health condition.

Our standard of review when a defendant challenges the discretionary 

aspects of a sentence is very narrow. We will reverse only where the 

defendant has demonstrated a manifest abuse of discretion. 

Commonwealth v. Hermanson, 674 A.2d 281, 283 (Pa. Super. 1996). 

However,
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[t]he right to appellate review of the discretionary aspects of a 

sentence is not absolute and must be considered a petition for 

permission to appeal. An appellant must satisfy a four-part test 

to invoke the appellate court's jurisdiction when challenging the 

discretionary aspects of a sentence. The court conducts a fourpart analysis to determine: (1) whether appellant has filed a 

timely notice of appeal; (2) whether the issue was properly 

preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify 

sentence; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal defect; and 

(4) whether there is a substantial question that the sentence 

appealed from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code. 

Commonwealth v. Zirkle, 107 A.3d 127, 132 (Pa. Super. 2014), citing 

Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265-66 (Pa. Super. 

2014).

Here, Dones filed a timely notice of appeal from his judgment of 

sentence, preserved his discretionary aspect of sentence claim in a timely 

post-sentence motion, and included a Pa.R.A.P 2119(f) statement in his 

appellate brief. Therefore, we must determine whether he has presented a 

substantial question to invoke our appellate review.

While a challenge to the imposition of consecutive rather than 

concurrent sentences typically does not present a substantial question 

regarding the discretionary aspects of sentence, Zirkle, supra, we have 

recognized that a sentence can be so manifestly excessive in extreme 

circumstances that it may create a substantial question. Commonwealth 

v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 171-72 (Pa. Super. 2010). Moreover, a claim that 

a court imposed a sentence in the aggravated range without considering 

mitigating circumstances constitutes a substantial question as to the 

discretionary aspect of sentencing. See Commonwealth v. Felmlee, 828 
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A.2d 1105 (Pa. Super. 2003) (en banc). A claim that a sentencing court 

relied on impermissible factors also raises a substantial question. 

Commonwealth v. Shugars, 895 A.2d 1270 (Pa. Super. 2006). Thus, we 

conclude that Dones has presented a substantial question.

The trial court chose to run Dones’ aggravated-range aggravated 

assault sentence (11⁄2-7 years) consecutively to his aggravated-range 

sentence for simple assault (4-24 months) in an unrelated case.7 The trial 

court stated its reasons for sentencing on the record as follows:

Even though it does not appear that there are any convictions, 

again, there are repeated arrests and many of them are for 

batteries. One is for first-degree murder. Apparently, you were 

acquitted or it was dismissed – one or the other – but there just 

seems to be one episode after the other and it is of some 

concern. You arrived in the Harrisburg area and immediately got 

yourself involved in three different criminal episodes that 

resulted in you standing here today. And, again, it just goes to 

speak to this level of violence. This continuation of violence 

doesn’t stop. And you say it’s because, well, you were off our 

medication and so forth. But I think that particular excuse only 

takes you so far. And it seems to me that an appropriate 

sentence would be to a state correctional institution.

N.T. Sentencing Hearing, 11/3/15, at 11. In his Rule 1925(a) opinion, the 

Honorable President Judge Richard A. Lewis further expounded upon why he 

sentenced Dones to two aggravated-range sentences and ran them 

consecutively:

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7 That case, which involved a completely distinct set of charges and a 

separate jury trial, is also on appeal at 97 MDA 2016.
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[Dones] has a disturbing past that is riddled with past violent 

behavior. . . . This continuation of violence does not appear to 

end. Additionally, [Dones] shows no remorse whatsoever. This 

is troubling as [Dones] continues to act in an aggressive manner 

towards others. . . . [Dones] displayed actions of total disregard 

to others. He kicked those who were helping him and continued 

to spit on others until he was restrained and a spit mask was put 

on him. Additionally, in taking into consideration [Dones’] 

rehabilitative needs, this Court noted that [Dones] has been on 

and off his medication and continues to use that as an excuse to 

engage in violent behavior. This [C]ourt believes that that 

particular excuse only carries so much weight and has run its 

course. As such, the Court fashioned a sentence that takes into 

consideration the protection of the public, the gravity of the 

offenses, and [Dones’] rehabilitative needs.

Trial Court Opinion, 9/23/16, at 9.

In determining Dones’ sentence, the court carefully considered the 

factors set out in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b), that is: the protection of the public, 

gravity of offense in relation to impact on victim and community, and 

rehabilitative needs of Dones. Furthermore, as trial judge, President Judge 

Lewis had wide discretion in sentencing and “can, on the appropriate record 

and for the appropriate reasons, consider any legal factor in imposing a 

sentence in the aggravated range.” Commonwealth v. Stewart, 867 A.2d 

589, 593 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation omitted). A defendant’s prior arrests 

are a proper factor to consider in fashioning a sentence. See 

Commonwealth v. Allen, 489 A.2d 906 (Pa. Super. 1985). Here, the court 

looked at an FBI report detailing Dones’ out-of-state arrests and criminal 

dispositions. N.T. Sentencing Hearing, 11/3/15, at 4-5. Moreover, the court 

acknowledged the fact that Dones had significant mental health issues, but 

found that his failure to consistently take his medications did not outweigh 
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the need to protect society from his violent behaviors. Accordingly, we fail 

to find that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing Dones. 

Hermanson, supra.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 12/19/2016