EXHIBIT 4.31

                       GRANT OF NONSTATUTORY STOCK OPTION

      THIS GRANT, dated this 5th day of June 5, 2001, (the "Date of Grant"), is
delivered by Vertical Computer Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
"Corporation") to Vijay Amritraj. (the "Grantee").

      WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board") on
December 16, 1999, adopted, the Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan for the
Corporation (the "Plan");

      WHEREAS, the plan provides for the granting of stock options by a
committee to be appointed by the Board (the "Committee") to officers, key
employees and consultants of the Corporation or any subsidiary of the
Corporation to purchase, or to exercise certain rights with respect to, shares
of the Common Stock of the Corporation, par value $.001 per share (the "Stock"),
in accordance with terms and provisions thereof; and

      WHEREAS, the Committee considers the Grantee to be a person eligible for a
grant of stock options under the plan, and has determined that it would be in
the best interest of the Corporation to grant the stock options documented
herein.

      NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby,
agree as follows:

Grant of Option.

      Subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth, the
Corporation, with the approval and the direction of the Committee, hereby grants
to the Grantee, as of the Date of Grant, an option to purchase up to Five
Hundred Thousand (500,000) shares of Stock at a price of $0.041 per share. Such
option is Hereinafter referred to as the "Option" and the shares of Common Stock
purchasable upon exercise as the "Option Shares."

Termination of Option.

(a) The Option and all rights hereunder with respect thereto, to the extent such
rights shall not have been exercised, shall terminate and become null and void
after the expiration of three (3) years from the Date of Grant (the "Option
Term").

(b) In the event of the death of the Grantee, the Option may be exercised by the
Grantee's legal representative(s), but only to the extent that the Option would
otherwise have been exercisable by the Grantee.

(c) If applicable, a transfer of the Grantee's employment, between the
Corporation and any subsidiary or other affiliate of the Corporation or between
any subsidiaries or affiliates of the Corporation shall not be deemed to be a
termination of the Grantee's employment.

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Exercise of Option.

(a) The Grantee may exercise the Option with respect to all or any part of the
number of Option Shares then exercisable hereunder by giving the Secretary of
the Corporation written notice of intent to exercise. The notice of exercise
shall specify the number of Option Shares as to which the Option is to be
exercised and the date of exercise and the date of exercise thereof, which date
shall be at least five (5) days after the giving of such notice unless an
earlier time shall have been mutually agreed upon.

(b) Full payment (in U.S.dollars) by the Grantee of the option price for the
Option Shares Purchased shall be made on or before the exercise date specified
in the notice of exercise in cash, or, with the prior written consent of the
Committee, in whole or in part through the surrender of previously acquired
shares of Stock at their fair market value on the exercise date or through the
execution of a Promissory Note collateralized by the Option Shares.

On the exercise date specified in the Grantee's notice or as soon thereafter as
is practicable, the Corporation shall cause to be delivered to the Grantee, a
certificate or certificates for the Option Shares then being purchased (out of
theretofore unissued Stock or reacquired Stock, as the Corporation may elect)
upon full payment for such Option Shares. The obligation of the Corporation to
deliver Stock shall, however, be subject to the condition that if at any time
the Committee shall determine in its discretion that the listing, registration
or qualification of the Option or the Option Shares upon any securities exchange
or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any
governmental regulatory body, is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in
connection with, the Option or the issuance or purchase of Stock thereunder, the
Option may not be exercised in whole or in part unless such listing,
registration, qualification, consent or approval shall have been effected or
obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.

(c) If the Grantee fails to pay for any of the Option Shares specified in such
notice or fails to accept delivery thereof, the Grantee's right to purchase such
Option Shares may be terminated by the Corporation. The date specified in the
Grantee's notice as the date of exercise shall be deemed the date of exercise of
the Option, provided that payment in full for the Option Shares to be purchased
upon such exercise shall have been received by such date.

Adjustment of and Changes in Stock of Corporation.

In the event or a reorganization, recapitalization, change of shares, stock
split, spin-off, stock dividend, reclassification, subdivision or combination of
shares, merger, consolidation, rights offering, or any other change in the
corporate structure or shares of capital stock or the Corporation, the Committee
shall make such adjustment as it deems appropriate in the number and kind of
shares of Stock subject to the Option or in the option price; Provided, however,
that no such adjustment shall give the Grantee any additional benefits under the
Option.

Rights of Stockholders.

Neither the Grantee nor any legal representative shall be or have any of the
rights and privileges of a stockholder of the Corporation with respect to any
shares of Stock purchasable or issuable upon the exercise of the Option, in
whole or in part, unless and until the certificate(s) representing such shares
shall have been delivered pursuant to the terms hereof.

Non-Transferability of Option.

During the Grantee's lifetime, the Option hereunder shall be exercisable only by
the Grantee or any legal representative of the Grantee, and the Option shall not
be transferable except, in case of the death of the Grantee, by will or the laws
of descent and distribution, nor shall the Option be subject to attachment,
execution or other similar process. In no event of (a) any attempt by the
Grantee to alienate, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of the
Option, except as provided for herein; or (b) the levy of any attachment,
execution or similar process upon the rights or interest hereby conferred, then
the Corporation may terminate the Option by notice to the Grantee and it shall
thereupon become null and void.

Amendment of Option.

The Option may be amended by the Board or the Committee at any time (i) if the
Board or the Committee determines, in its sole discretion, that amendment is
necessary or advisable in the light of any addition to or change in the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 or in the regulations issued thereunder, or any federal or
state securities law or other law or regulation, which change occurs after the
Date of Grant and by its terms applies to

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the Option; or (ii) other than in the circumstances described in clause (i),
with the consent of the Grantee.

Notice.

Any notice to the Corporation provided for in this instrument shall be addressed
to it in care of its Secretary at its executive offices at:

Vertical Computer Systems, Inc.
6336 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA  90048

and any notice to Grantee shall be addressed to the Grantee at the current
address shown on the payroll records of the Employer. Any notice shall be deemed
to be duly given if and when properly addressed and posted by registered or
certified mail postage prepaid.

Incorporation of Plan by Reference.

The Option is granted pursuant to the terms of the Plan, the terms and
conditions of which are incorporated herein by reference, and the Option shall
in all respects be interpreted and construed in accordance with the Plan. The
Committee shall interpret and Construe the Plan and this instrument, and its
interpretations and determinations shall be conclusive and binding on the
parties hereto and any other person claiming an interest hereunder, with respect
to any issue arising hereunder or thereunder.

Governing Law.

The validity, construction, interpretation and effect of this instrument shall
exclusively by governed by and determined in accordance with the law of the
State of Delaware, except to the extent preempted by federal law, which shall to
the extent govern.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused its duly authorized officers to
execute and attest this grant of Nonstatutory Stock Option, and to apply the
corporate seal hereto, and the Grantee has placed his signature hereon,
effective as of the Date of Grant.

VERTICAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS, INC.

A Delaware corporation

ATTEST:

____________________________________    By:______________________________
William Mills, Secretary                   Richard Wade, President


ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO:

By _________________________________
   Vijay Amritraj