Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 1 of 10 PageID 1 

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS 

DALLAS DIVISION 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Plaintiff,

 v. 

KUBOTA NORTH AMERICA 

CORPORATION, a corporation, also d/b/a 

KUBOTA ENGINE CORPORATION, 

KUBOTA TRACTOR CORPORATION, 

KUBOTA MANUFACTURING OF 

AMERICA CORPORATION, KUBOTA 

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT 

CORPORATION, and GREAT PLAINS 

MANUFACTURING 

INCORPORATED/LANDPRIDE, 

Defendant. 

Case No. 3:24-cv-159 

COMPLAINT FOR PERMANENT INJUNCTION, 

CIVIL PENALTY JUDGMENT, AND OTHER RELIEF 

Plaintiff, the United States of America, acting upon notification and referral from the 

Federal Trade Commission (“FTC” or “Commission”), for its Complaint alleges: 

1. Plaintiff brings this action for Defendant’s violations of Section 5(a) of the FTC 

Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a), and the Made in USA Labeling Rule (“MUSA Labeling Rule”), 16 

C.F.R. Part 323. Defendant’s violations relate to the false labeling of millions of whollyimported products as “Made in USA.” For these violations, Plaintiff seeks relief, including a 

permanent injunction, civil penalty, and other relief, pursuant to Sections 5(m)(1)(A), 13(b), and 

19 of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 45(m)(1)(A), 53(b), 57b, and the MUSA Labeling Rule, 16 

C.F.R. Part 323. 

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Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 2 of 10 PageID 2 

JURISDICTION AND VENUE 

2. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1337(a), 

1345, and 1355. 

3. Venue is proper in this District under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391(b)(1), (b)(2), (c)(2), and 

(d), 1395(a), and 15 U.S.C. § 53(b). 

PLAINTIFF 

4. Plaintiff brings this action, which was referred by the FTC pursuant to Section 

16(a)(1) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 56(a)(1). The FTC is an independent agency of the United 

States Government created by the FTC Act. 15 U.S.C. §§ 41–58. The FTC enforces Section 

5(a) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a), which prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or 

affecting commerce. The FTC also enforces the MUSA Labeling Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 323, 

which prohibits unqualified “Made in USA” claims on labels on products unless the products are 

all or virtually all made in the United States. 

DEFENDANT 

5. Defendant Kubota North America Corporation (“Kubota”), also doing business as 

Kubota Engine Corporation, Kubota Tractor Corporation, Kubota Manufacturing of America 

Corporation, Kubota Industrial Equipment Corporation, and Great Plains Manufacturing 

Incorporated/LandPride, is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business within the 

Dallas Division of this District, at 1000 Kubota Drive, Grapevine, TX 76051 (which is a location 

within the portion of Grapevine that lies within Dallas County). Kubota transacts or has 

transacted business in this District and throughout the United States. At all times relevant to this 

Complaint, acting alone or in concert with others, Kubota has advertised, marketed, distributed, 

or sold products, including lawn tractors, mowers, utility vehicles, backhoes, loaders, agricultural 

implements, and associated parts, to consumers throughout the United States. 

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Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 3 of 10 PageID 3 

COMMERCE 

6. At all times relevant to this Complaint, Defendant has maintained a substantial 

course of trade in or affecting commerce, as “commerce” is defined in Section 4 of the FTC Act, 

15 U.S.C. § 44. 

1999 COMMISSION ORDER 

7. On January 19, 1999, the FTC published an administrative complaint alleging 

Kubota subsidiary Kubota Tractor Company (“KTC”) violated Section 5(a) of the FTC Act, 15 

U.S.C. § 45(a) (“Section 5”), by falsely advertising certain lawn and garden tractors 

incorporating significant imported parts as “Made in the United States” (“MUSA”) (Exhibit 1, 

the “KTC Complaint”). 

8. According to the KTC Complaint, by claiming certain lawn and garden tractors 

were MUSA, KTC “represented, expressly or by implication, . . . that all, or virtually all, of the 

component parts of the [tractors are] made in the United States, and that all, or virtually all, of 

the labor in manufacturing the [tractors] is performed in the United States.” KTC Complaint at 

¶¶ 8, 11, 17. 

9. Thus, the KTC Complaint alleged KTC’s MUSA claims were false or misleading 

in violation of Section 5 because the relevant models “contain[] significant foreign parts and 

therefore [are] not all or virtually all made in the United States.” KTC Complaint at ¶¶ 9, 12, 18. 

10. Also on January 19, 1999, the FTC announced the parties had reached a 

settlement and published an Agreement Containing Consent Order signed in 1998 by KTC’s 

then-President Shohei Majima and then-General Counsel Richard O. Briggs (Exhibit 2, the 

“KTC Agreement”). 

11. The KTC Agreement contained a provision enjoining KTC’s deceptive claims, 

allowing KTC to advertise affected products as MUSA only “so long as all, or virtually all, of 

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Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 4 of 10 PageID 4 

the component parts of such product, or of all products in such product line, are made in the 

United States and all, or virtually all, of the labor in manufacturing such product, or of all 

products in such product line, is performed in the United States.” KTC Agreement, Section I. 

12. Following a public comment period, on April 6, 1999, in a proceeding bearing 

Docket No. C-3863, the FTC adopted the substance of the KTC Agreement through issuance of a 

final Decision and Order resolving all matters then in dispute (Exhibit 3, the “KTC Order”). 

13. The KTC Order, which bound KTC, its successors and assigns, and its officers, 

agents, representatives, and employees, including through any corporation, subsidiary, or other 

device, prohibited KTC from misrepresenting the extent to which lawn or garden tractors or 

product lines were MUSA. 

14. Consistent with the KTC Agreement, the KTC Order stated that lawn or garden 

tractors or product lines could be advertised as MUSA only if “all, or virtually all, of the 

component parts of such products in such product line, are made in the United States and all, or 

virtually all, of the labor in manufacturing such product, or of all products in such product line, is 

performed in the United States.” KTC Order, Section I. 

15. Section III of the KTC Order required KTC to deliver copies of the KTC Order to 

all current and future officers and directors, and all current and future employees, agents, and 

representatives having responsibilities with respect to the subject matter of the Order. 

16. Section VI of the KTC Order contained an administrative “sunset” provision, 

terminating the order after 20 years, with certain exceptions. 

17. Because none of the exceptions detailed in Section VI occurred, the KTC Order 

terminated on April 6, 2019. 

18. Through the KTC Complaint, Agreement, and Order, Kubota has had actual 

Page 4 of 10 
 

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Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 5 of 10 PageID 5 

notice since at least 1998 that it is a violation of Section 5 to advertise or label a product as 

MUSA unless “all, or virtually all, of the component parts of such product, or of all products in 

such product line, are made in the United States and all, or virtually all, of the labor in 

manufacturing such product, or of all products in such product line, is performed in the United 

States.” 

DEFENDANT’S BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 

19. In addition to selling finished tractors, mowers, utility vehicles, and construction 

and agricultural equipment, Kubota sells replacement parts for those products. 

20. Since at least 2021, Kubota has labeled thousands of replacement parts as MUSA 

when, in fact, they were wholly imported. 

21. In many instances, Kubota has incorrectly recorded “USA” as the origin of 

wholly-imported parts in its sales databases, leading its systems to generate MUSA labels for 

those products. 

22. In other instances, Kubota has failed to update package designs that incorporated 

MUSA labels after shifting production of those products overseas. 

Page 5 of 10 
 

 

 

 

 

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Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 6 of 10 PageID 6 

23. Because of these systems failures, Kubota has sold millions of wholly-imported 

replacement parts with false MUSA labels. 

24. Kubota’s express or implied representations that wholly-imported parts are all or 

virtually all made in the United States are false and/or unsubstantiated. 

25. Based on the facts and violations of law alleged in this Complaint, the FTC has 

reason to believe Defendant is violating or is about to violate laws enforced by the Commission 

because, among other things: Defendant has engaged in its unlawful acts repeatedly over a 

period of at least three years, despite being sued by the FTC previously for the same violations; 

Defendant has earned significant revenues from participating in these unlawful acts and 

practices; and Defendant only has ceased its unlawful activities after learning of the FTC’s 

investigation into its unlawful conduct. 

VIOLATIONS OF THE FTC ACT 

26. Section 5(a) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a), prohibits “unfair or deceptive acts 

or practices in or affecting commerce.” 

27. Misrepresentations or deceptive omissions of material fact constitute deceptive 

acts or practices prohibited by Section 5(a) of the FTC Act. 

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Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 7 of 10 PageID 7 

Count I 

FTC Act Violation – MUSA Claims for Imported Parts 

28. In numerous instances since at least January 2021, in connection with the 

advertising, marketing, promotion, offering for sale, or sale of replacement parts and other 

products, Defendant has represented, directly or indirectly, expressly or by implication, that such 

products are all or virtually all MUSA. 

29. In fact, in numerous instances in which Defendant has made the representations 

described in Paragraph 28, Defendant’s replacement parts and other products are not all or 

virtually all MUSA because they are wholly imported or incorporate significant imported 

materials. 

30. Therefore, Defendant’s representations as described in Paragraph 28 are false or 

misleading and constitute deceptive acts or practices in violation of Section 5(a) of the FTC Act, 

15 U.S.C. § 45(a). 

VIOLATIONS OF THE MADE IN USA LABELING RULE 

31. Effective August 13, 2021, the Made in USA Labeling Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 323 

(“MUSA Labeling Rule”), prohibits marketers from labeling products as MUSA unless: (1) “the 

final assembly or processing of the product occurs in the United States;” (2) “all significant 

processing that goes into the product occurs in the United States;” and (3) “all or virtually all 

ingredients or components of the product are made and sourced in the United States.” 16 C.F.R. 

§ 323.2. 

32. The MUSA Labeling Rule also provides, to the extent any mail order catalog or 

mail order promotional material includes a seal, mark, tag, or stamp labeling a product MUSA, 

such label must comply with the requirements of 16 C.F.R. § 323.2. 16 C.F.R. § 323.3. 

33. For purposes of the MUSA Labeling Rule, MUSA is defined as “any unqualified 

Page 7 of 10 
 

 

 

 

Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 8 of 10 PageID 8 

representation, express or implied, that a product or service, or a specified component thereof, is 

of U.S. origin, including, but not limited to, a representation that such product or service is 

‘made,’ ‘manufactured,’ ‘built,’ ‘produced,’ ‘created,’ or ‘crafted’ in the United States or in 

America, or any other unqualified U.S.-origin claim.” 16 C.F.R. § 323.1(a). 

34. A violation of the MUSA Labeling Rule constitutes an unfair or deceptive act or 

practice in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a). 

15 U.S.C. § 57a(d)(3) and 16 C.F.R. § 323.4. 

Count II 

MUSA Labeling Rule Violations 

35. In numerous instances since August 13, 2021, Defendant has labeled replacement 

parts and other products as MUSA. 

36. In fact, in numerous instances in which Defendant has labeled the products 

described in Paragraph 35, such products are not MUSA because they are wholly imported or 

contain significant imported materials. 

37. Therefore, Defendant’s acts or practices as described in Paragraph 35 violate the 

MUSA Labeling Rule. 

CONSUMER INJURY 

38. Consumers are suffering, have suffered, and will continue to suffer substantial 

injury as a result of Defendant’s violations of the FTC Act and the MUSA Labeling Rule. 

Absent injunctive relief by this Court, Defendant is likely to continue to injure consumers and 

harm the public interest. 

CIVIL PENALTIES 

39. Section 5(m)(1)(A) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(m)(1)(A), authorizes this 

Court to award civil penalties for each violation of the MUSA Labeling Rule. 

Page 8 of 10 
A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 9 of 10 PageID 9 

40. Defendant has violated the MUSA Labeling Rule with actual knowledge or 

knowledge fairly implied on the basis of objective circumstances, as required by Section 

5(m)(1)(A) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(m)(1)(A). 

PRAYER FOR RELIEF 

Wherefore, Plaintiff requests that the Court: 

Enter a permanent injunction to prevent future violations of the FTC Act and the 

MUSA Labeling Rule by Defendant; 

Award monetary and other relief within the Court’s power to grant; 

Impose civil penalties on the Defendant for every violation of the MUSA 

Labeling Rule; and 

Award any additional relief as the Court determines to be just and proper. 

Page 9 of 10 
 

 

 

Case 3:24-cv-00159-S Document 1 Filed 01/22/24 Page 10 of 10 PageID 10 

Dated: January 22, 2024 Respectfully submitted, 

FOR THE FEDERAL TRADE 

COMMISSION: 

FOR THE UNITED STATES OF 

AMERICA: 

JULIA SOLOMON ENSOR 

Attorney 

Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20580 

Tel.: 202-326-2377 

Fax: 202-326-3197 

jensor@ftc.gov 

BRIAN M. BOYNTON 

Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 

Civil Division 

ARUN G. RAO 

Deputy Assistant Attorney General 

AMANDA N. LISKAMM 

Director, Consumer Protection Branch 

LISA HSIAO 

Assistant Director 

Consumer Protection Branch 

LEIGHA SIMONTON 

United States Attorney 

Brian W. Stoltz 

Assistant United States Attorney 

/s/ Sean Saper 

SEAN SAPER 

Trial Attorney 

Consumer Protection Branch 

U.S. Department of Justice 

P.O. Box 386 

Washington, DC 20044-0386 

Telephone: 202-742-7116 

Email: sean.z.saper@usdoj.gov 

Page 10 of 10 
JS44 (Rev.04/21)(TXND4/21) f'IVIL f'O:V!!~!'lirib . . se :2 -cv~0015.9- D01 um nf'Fl I e 4 . P e .1 of Pa elD 30 The JS 44 ctvtl cover &:~ and ~ e m'iirmatton contain~ erem nelffier re~ ace nor supp ement e ng an service of~dings or &herpape\l as required by law, except as 

provided by local rules of court. This form, approved by the Judicial Conference ofthe United States in September 1974, is required for the use ofthe Clerk of Court for the 

purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet. (SEE INSTRUCTIONS ONNEXTPAGE OF THISFORM) 

I. (a) PLAINTIFFS DEFENDANTS 

United States of America Kubota North America Corporation 

(b) County ofResidence ofFirst Listed Plaintiff County ofResidence ofFirst Listed Defendant Dallas CPI mty 

(EXCEPTIN U.S. PLAINrIFF CASES) (IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASF:S ONLY) 

NOTE: IN LAND CONDEMNATION CASES, USE 1HE LOCATION OF 

1HE TRACT OF LAND INVOLVED. 

(c) Attorneys (Firm Name, Address, andTelep/Jone Number) Attorneys (IfKnown)

Sean Saper, United States Department of Justice, Wrede H. Smith, 111, McGuireWoods LLP, 888 16th St NW, 

Consumer Protection Branch Ste 500, Black Lives Matter Plaza, Washini:iton, DC 20006, 

n. BASIS OF JURISDICTION (Placean ''X" inOneBoxOnly) Ill. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES (Place an "X" in One Box/orPlaintiff 

(For Diversity Cases Only) and One Box/orDefendant)

Ii] 1 U.S. Government 0 3 Federal Question PTF DEF PTF DEF 

Plaintiff (U.S. Government Not a Party) Citizen ofThis State D 1 D Incorporated or Principal Place D 4 0 4 

ofBusiness In This Slate 

D 2 U.S. Government 0 4 Diversity Citizen ofAnother State D 2 D 2 Incorporated and Principal Place □ s O s 

Defendant (Indicate Citizenship ofParties in Item Ill) ofBusiness In Another Slate 

D 3 D 3 Foreign Nation 

IV. NATURE OF SUIT 'Place an ''X" inOneBoxOnlv. 

RTS ES 

625 Drug Related Seizure 375 False Claims Act 

120 Marine 310 Airplane D 365 Personal Injury -

1 10 Insurance PERSONAL INJURY PERSONAL INJURY 

ofProperty 21 USC 881 376 Qui Tam (31 USC 

130 Miller Act 315 Airplane Product Product Liability X 6900ther 3729(a)) 

140 Negotiable Instrument Liability D 367 Health Care/ 400 State Reapportionment 

~ 150 Recovery ofOverpayment 320 Assault, Libel & Pharmaceutical l:::::--J~a.lii:D.lU..-;Ll;l..l.ll.--1--,1 410 Antitrust 

& Enforcement ofJudgmen Slander Personal Injury 430 Banlcs and Banking 

151 Medicare Act 330 Federal Employers' Product Liability 450 Commerce B152 Recovery ofDefauhed Liability D 368 Asbes10s Personal 460 Depertation 

Student Loans 340 Marine Injury Product 470 Racketeer Influenced and 

(Excludes Veterans) Corrupt Organizations 

D 345 Marine Product Liability 1-1-~~;;;;~~;i~i:;:;:::~[J 153 Recovery ofOverpayment Liability PERSONAL PROPERTY 480 Consumer Credit 

of Veteran's Benefits 350 Motor Vehicle §370 Other Fraud 

B 

(15 USC 1681 or 1692) 

160 Stockholders' Suits 355 Motor Vehicle 371 Truth in Lending Act 1--~~~~~==:-:--,t-' 485 Telephone Consumer 

190 Other Contract Product Liability 380 Other Personal 

B 

720 Labor/Management Protection Act 

195 Contract Product Liability 360 Other Persona I Property Damage Relations 490 Cable/Sat TV 

196 Franchise Injury D 385 Property Damage 740 Railway Labor Act 850 Securities/Commodities/ 

362 Personal Injury - Product Liability 751 Family and Medical Exchange 

Medical Malpractice Leave Act 890 Other Statutory Actions 

i-.--RE=;.;AL;;;;.;;P.;R;.;O;.;P.;;ER=TY;.;;.._--1_....;;c;;.I.;.IL;;;;;,;RI=GH=T;,,; V S ;;...._-1-.;P.;RIS=O;;;N ;,,;;ER=.;P,;;E;,;;T.;IT;,,;l;,;;O;,;, N,;;;S;...i~790 Other Labor Litigation 891 Agricultural Acts 

210 Land Condemnation 440 Other Civil Rights Habeas Corpus: 791 Employee Retirement 893 Environmental Matters 

220 Fomclosure 441 Voting 463 Alien Detainee Income Security Act t=~~~~~ii:;;~~~]:ii~:i:~::l:::l 895 Fmedom oflnformation 

230 Rent Lease & Ejectrnent 442 Employment 510 Motions 10 Vacate 870 Taxes (U.S. Plaintiff Act 

240 Torts to Land 443 Housing/ Sentence or Defendant) 896 Arbitration 

245 Tort Product Liability Accommodations 530 General 1--...,,,....,.....,...,.......,__-r-- 871 IRS-Third Party 

290 All Other Real Property 445 Amer. w/Disabilities - 535 Death Penalty IMMIGRATI N 26 USC 7609 Act/Review or Appeal of ~ Employment Other: 462 Naturalization Application Agency Decision 

446 Amer. w/Disabilities - 540 Mandamus & Other 465 Other Immigration 950 Constitutionality of 

Other 550 Civil Rights Actions Slate Statutes 

448 Education 555 Prison Condition 

560 Civil Detainee -

Conditions of 

Confinement 

V. ORIGIN (Place an "X" in One Box Only) 

Ii) I Original D 2 Removed from D 3 Remanded from D4 Reinstated or D 5 Transferred from D 6 Multidistrict D 8 Multidistrict 

Proceeding State Court Appellate Court Reopened Another Di strict Litigation - Litigation -

(s eci ~ Transfer Direct File 

Cite the U.S. Civil Statute under which you are filing (Do not dtejurisdit:tional statutes un/es.• diversity): 

VI. CAUSE OF ACTION """FT""""""' c_Act .,.,_ 1-5 -u_.s_.c_.§.._4...5i...a.._l _______________________________ 

Brief description of cause: 

Kubota North America Corp. violated the Made In United States Rule In violation of the FTC Act. 

VII. REQUESTED IN 0 CHECK IF THIS IS A CLASS ACTION DEMAND $ CHECK YES only ifdemanded in complaint: 

COMPLAINT: UNDER RULE 23, F.RCv.P. JURY DEMAND: Yes @No 

VIII. RELATED CASE(S) 

(See instmctions): IF ANY JUDGE DOCKEf NUMBER 

DATE SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY OF RECORD 

01/22/2024 /s/ Sean Saper 

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY 

RECEIPT # AMOUNT APPL YING IFP JUDGE MAG.JUDGE 
	
 
 

	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	  	 	 	

	 	 	  	 	 		  		 	 	 	
	 	  	 	

	 	 	 	



 	  		 	 	 	 	   		 	 	 	 	 
 		 	 	 

		  	 	 	 		 
	 

		 	 		 
   	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	  	 
 	 	   	 	 	 	 

	 
 		 	 	 	 	 	  	 
 	 	 	 	  	 		 	 	

	 		 	 		 	  	

	 

	 	 
 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	

	 	 	 


		 	 	 	 	  	 	 

 	 			 	 	

	 	  	 	

	 	 	
 		 	 	 	 
 	 	 	 	 	  


 	 		 	  	 	



	 
 	 		 	 	  	 	 

	 
 		 	  
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 
 	 	 	 	 	 	  

	 
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 

 		 	 	 	 	

	  	 	 	 	  	 	  		  	 		    		 	 	 

 	 

	 	 

 

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