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[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 7889 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

116th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 7889

   To apply the Truth in Lending Act to small business financing, to 
 regulate brokers and require the licensing of brokers, and for other 
                               purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             July 30, 2020

Ms. Velazquez introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
                    Committee on Financial Services

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
   To apply the Truth in Lending Act to small business financing, to 
 regulate brokers and require the licensing of brokers, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Small Business Lending Disclosure 
and Broker Regulation Act of 2020''.

                   TITLE I--SMALL BUSINESS FINANCING

SEC. 101. APPLICATION OF THE TRUTH IN LENDING TO SMALL BUSINESS 
              FINANCING.

    (a) In General.--The Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:

                 ``CHAPTER 6--SMALL BUSINESS FINANCING

``191. Definitions.
``192. Application of this title to small business financing.
``193. Additional disclosures.
``194. Restrictions on double-dipping.
``195. Additional provisions.
``Sec. 191. Definitions
    ``In this chapter:
            ``(1) Closed-end commercial credit.--The term `closed-end 
        commercial credit'--
                    ``(A) means a closed-end extension of credit, 
                secured or unsecured, including financing with an 
                established principal amount and including equipment 
                financing that does not meet the definition of a lease 
                under the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.--Sec. 2A-
                103(j)) the proceeds of which the recipient does not 
                intend to use primarily for personal, family or 
                household purposes; and
                    ``(B) includes financing with an established 
                principal amount and duration.
            ``(2) Consumer financial product or service.--The term 
        `consumer financial product or service' has the meaning given 
        that term under section 1002 of the Consumer Financial 
        Protection Act of 2010.
            ``(3) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
        the Bureau.
            ``(4) Factoring.--The term `factoring' means a transaction 
        that includes an agreement to purchase, transfer, or sell a 
        legally enforceable claim for payment held by a recipient for 
        goods the recipient has supplied or services the recipient has 
        rendered that have been ordered but for which payment has not 
        yet been made.
            ``(5) Finance charge.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `finance charge' means 
                the cost of financing as a dollar amount, and includes 
                any charge payable directly or indirectly by the 
                recipient of the financing and imposed directly or 
                indirectly by the provider of the financing as an 
                incident to or a condition of the extension of 
                financing.
                    ``(B) Calculation in open-end commercial credit 
                plans.--In any open-end commercial credit plan, the 
                finance charge shall be computed assuming the maximum 
                amount of credit available to the recipient, in each 
                case, is drawn and repaid at the minimum rate.
                    ``(C) Calculation in factoring transactions.--In 
                any factoring transaction, the finance charge shall 
                include the discount taken on the face value of the 
                accounts receivable.
                    ``(D) Calculation in lease financing 
                transactions.--In any lease financing transaction, the 
                finance charge shall include the sum of the lease 
                payments and, if there is a fixed-price purchase option 
                or a purchase option with a price that can be 
                calculated at the time of disclosure, the purchase 
                price listed in the contract that the lessee may pay to 
                acquire the leased goods at the end of the lease, 
                minus--
                            ``(i) if the finance company selects, 
                        manufactures, or supplies the goods to be 
                        leased, the price that the finance company 
                        would sell the goods in a cash transaction; or
                            ``(ii) if the finance company does not 
                        select, manufacture, or supply the goods to be 
                        leased, the price the finance company will pay 
                        to acquire the property to be leased.
                    ``(E) Inclusion of certain prepayment charges.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If, as a condition of 
                        obtaining the offered commercial financing the 
                        provider requires the recipient to pay off the 
                        balance of an existing loan or advance from the 
                        same provider, any prepayment charge or penalty 
                        required to be paid on the existing financing 
                        shall be included as a financing charge.
                            ``(ii) Treatment when repayment amount is 
                        calculated as a fixed amount.--For purposes of 
                        clause (i), for financing for which the total 
                        repayment amount is calculated as a fixed 
                        amount, the prepayment charge is equal to the 
                        original finance charge multiplied by the 
                        required prepayment amount as a percentage of 
                        the total repayment amount, minus any portion 
                        of the total repayment amount forgiven by the 
                        provider at the time of prepayment.
            ``(6) Open-end commercial credit plan.--The term `open-end 
        commercial credit plan' means any small business financing 
        provided by a person under a plan in which the person 
        reasonably contemplates repeat transactions, which prescribes 
        the terms of such transactions, and which provides for a 
        finance charge which may be computed from time to time on the 
        outstanding unpaid balance.
            ``(7) Provider.--The term `provider' mean a person who 
        offers or provides small business financing.
            ``(8) Recipient.--The term `recipient' means a person who 
        is presented an offer of small business financing.
            ``(9) Sales-based financing.--The term `sales-based 
        financing'--
                    ``(A) means a transaction where there is an 
                extension of financing to a recipient that is repaid by 
                the recipient, over time, as a percentage of sales or 
                revenue, in which the payment amount may increase or 
                decrease according to the volume of sales made or 
                revenue received by the recipient; and
                    ``(B) includes transactions with a `true-up 
                mechanism'.
            ``(10) Small business.--The term `small business' has the 
        meaning given the term `small-business concern' under section 3 
        of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
            ``(11) Small business financing.--The term `small business 
        financing'--
                    ``(A) means any line of credit, closed-end 
                commercial credit, sales-based financing, or other non-
                equity obligation or alleged obligation of a 
                partnership, corporation, cooperative, association, or 
                other entity that is $2,500,000 or less; and
                    ``(B) does not include any obligation or alleged 
                obligation of an individual that is primarily for 
                personal, family, or household purposes.
            ``(12) Specific offer.--The term `specific offer' means the 
        specific terms of small business financing, including price or 
        amount, that is quoted to a recipient, based on information 
        obtained from, or about the recipient, which, if accepted by a 
        recipient, shall be binding on the provider, as applicable, 
        subject to any specific requirements stated in such terms.
``Sec. 192. Application of this title to small business financing
    ``(a) In General.--This title shall apply to small business 
financing made to a small business to the same extent as this title 
applies to extensions of credit made to a consumer.
    ``(b) Rulemaking.--The Director shall issue such rules as may be 
required to carry out this chapter.
    ``(c) Bureau Authority.--For purposes of carrying out this chapter 
and other Federal laws, including the Consumer Financial Protection Act 
of 2010, the Bureau shall have the same authority with respect to small 
business financing as the Bureau has with respect to consumer financial 
products and services.
``Sec. 193. Additional disclosures
    ``(a) In General.--Any provider offering small business financing 
to a small business shall disclose the following pieces of information 
to a recipient at the time of extending a specific offer for small 
business financing:
            ``(1) Financing amount.--The total amount to be paid to the 
        small business, taking into account all fees and charges to be 
        withheld at disbursement.
            ``(2) Annual percentage rate.--
                    ``(A) Closed-end commercial credit.--With respect 
                to closed-end commercial credit, the annual percentage 
                rate, using only the words `annual percentage rate' or 
                the abbreviation `APR', expressed as a yearly rate, 
                inclusive of any fees and finance charges that cannot 
                be avoided by a recipient.
                    ``(B) Open-end commercial credit plans.--With 
                respect to open-end commercial credit plans, the annual 
                percentage rate, using only the words `annual 
                percentage rate' or the abbreviation `APR', expressed 
                as a nominal yearly rate, inclusive of any fees and 
                finance charges that cannot be avoided by a recipient, 
                based on the maximum amount of credit available to the 
                recipient and the term resulting from making the 
                minimum required payments term as disclosed.
                    ``(C) Sales-based financing.--
                            ``(i) In general.--With respect to sales-
                        based financing, the estimated annual 
                        percentage rate, using the words `annual 
                        percentage rate' or the abbreviation `APR', 
                        expressed as a yearly rate, inclusive of any 
                        fees and finance charges, based on the 
                        estimated term of repayment and the projected 
                        periodic payment amounts.
                            ``(ii) Calculation of certain payment 
                        amounts.--The estimated term of repayment and 
                        the projected periodic payment amounts shall be 
                        calculated based on the projection of the 
                        recipient's sales, called the projected sales 
                        volume.
                            ``(iii) Calculation of projected sales 
                        volumes.--For purposes of clause (ii), the 
                        projected sales volume may be calculated--
                                    ``(I) according to a method defined 
                                by the Director based on the 
                                recipient's historical sales volume 
                                over a defined period of time that is 
                                used for all sales-based financing 
                                transactions by that provider; or
                                    ``(II) by another method defined by 
                                the provider and approved by the 
                                Director, with ongoing monitoring by 
                                the Director for accuracy based on a 
                                comparison of the annual percentage 
                                rate as disclosed to the recipient and 
                                as calculated retrospectively upon 
                                repayment of the financing.
                    ``(D) Factoring.--
                            ``(i) In general.--With respect to 
                        factoring, the estimated annual percentage 
                        rate, using that term.
                            ``(ii) Calculation.--To calculate the 
                        estimated annual percentage rate under clause 
                        (i)--
                                    ``(I) the purchase amount shall be 
                                considered the financing amount;
                                    ``(II) the purchase amount minus 
                                the total cost of financing shall be 
                                considered the payment amount; and
                                    ``(III) the term is established by 
                                the payment due date of the 
                                receivables.
                            ``(iii) Alternate method to estimate 
                        term.--Notwithstanding clause (ii)(III), a 
                        provider may estimate the term for a factoring 
                        transaction as the average payment period, its 
                        historical data over a period not to exceed the 
                        previous twelve months, concerning payment 
                        invoices paid by the party owing the accounts 
                        receivable in question.
            ``(3) Payment amount.--With respect to small business 
        financing other than factoring--
                    ``(A) for payment amounts that are fixed--
                            ``(i) the payment amounts and frequency 
                        (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly); and
                            ``(ii) if the term is longer than one month 
                        and payment frequency is other than monthly, 
                        the average total monthly payment amount; or
                    ``(B) for payment amounts that are variable--
                            ``(i) a full payment schedule or a 
                        description of the method used to calculate the 
                        amounts and frequency of payments; and
                            ``(ii) if the term is longer than one 
                        month, the estimated average total monthly 
                        payment amount.
            ``(4) Term.--For financing other than factoring, the term 
        of the small business financing, either in months or in years, 
        or, if the term is not fixed, the estimated term, calculated 
        using the same assumptions used to calculate the estimated 
        annual percentage rate.
            ``(5) Finance charge.--The finance charge of the small 
        business financing, broken down to show what expenses and fees 
        are included in the finance charge.
            ``(6) Prepayment cost or savings.--In the event that a 
        recipient elects to pay off or refinance the small business 
        financing prior to full repayment, the provider must disclose--
                    ``(A) whether the recipient would be required to 
                pay any finance charges other than interest accrued 
                since the recipient's last payment; and
                    ``(B) if the recipient is required to pay the 
                finance charges described under subparagraph (A), the 
                percentage of any unpaid portion of the finance charge 
                and maximum dollar amount the recipient could be 
                required to pay; and
                    ``(C) whether the recipient would be required to 
                pay any additional fees not already included in the 
                finance charge.
            ``(7) Collateral requirements.--Any collateral requirement 
        that will be imposed on the small business in connection with 
        the small business financing.
    ``(b) Form of Disclosures.--
            ``(1) In general.--Disclosures made pursuant to this 
        section shall be in writing, at the time a specific offer is 
        made, and in a manner that is clear, conspicuous, complete, and 
        allows the small business to compare the range of small 
        business financing options that the small business may be 
        considering.
            ``(2) Prominence of disclosures.--In making any disclosure 
        pursuant to this section, the disclosures required under 
        paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) shall be 
        displayed most prominently.
``Sec. 194. Restrictions on double-dipping
    ``When a lender of small business financing refinances or modifies 
an existing loan with a fixed fee as the primary financing charge, the 
lender may not charge a fee on the small business's outstanding 
principal unless there is a tangible benefit to the small business.
``Sec. 195. Additional provisions
    ``(a) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this chapter may be 
construed to prevent a provider from providing or disclosing additional 
information on a small business financing being offered to a recipient, 
provided however, that such additional information may not be disclosed 
as part of the disclosure required by this chapter.
    ``(b) Use of Terms.--
            ``(1) Rate.--If other metrics of financing cost are 
        disclosed or used in the application process of a small 
        business financing, these metrics shall not be presented as a 
        `rate' if they are not the annual interest rate or the annual 
        percentage rate.
            ``(2) Interest.--The term `interest', when used to describe 
        a percentage rate to a recipient or potential recipient, shall 
        only be used to describe annualized percentage rates, such as 
        the annual interest rate.
    ``(c) Requirement To State APR.--When a provider states in writing 
a rate of finance charge or a financing amount to a recipient during an 
application process for small business financing, the provider shall 
also state the annual percentage rate or, in the case of sales-based 
financing or factoring, the estimated annual percentage rate, with 
equal or greater prominence, using the term `annual percentage rate' or 
the abbreviation `APR'.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of chapters for the Truth in 
Lending Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

                ``6. Small Business Financing ... 191''.

    (c) Rulemaking Deadline.--Not later than the end of the 24-month 
period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of 
the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection shall issue final rules to 
carry out the amendments made by this section.
    (d) Effective Date.--Chapter 6 of the Truth in Lending Act, as 
added by subsection (a), shall take effect after the end of the 36-
month period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act.

                    TITLE II--REGULATION OF BROKERS

SEC. 201. OFFICE OF BROKER REGULATION.

    Section 1013 of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 
U.S.C. 5493) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Office of Broker Regulation.--There is established in the 
Bureau an Office of Broker Regulation, which shall be responsible for 
carrying out section 1018.''.

SEC. 202. REGULATION OF BROKERS.

    (a) In General.--The Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 
U.S.C. 5481 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 1018 as section 1019; and
            (2) by inserting after section 1017 the following:

``SEC. 1018. REGULATION OF BROKERS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Broker.--The term `broker' means a natural person 
        who--
                    ``(A) is not a creditor or purchaser; and
                    ``(B) solicits and presents offers of commercial 
                financing on behalf of a third party.
            ``(2) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
        the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.
            ``(3) State.--The term `State' means each of the several 
        States, the District of Columbia, and the territories and 
        possessions of the United States.
            ``(4) Other terms.--The terms `small business' and `small 
        business financing' have the meaning given those terms under 
        section 193 of the Truth in Lending Act.
    ``(b) Regulations.--
            ``(1) In general.--A broker shall, in facilitating 
        financing offered by a third-party lender for a small 
        business--
                    ``(A) provide the small business with a disclosure 
                containing the information described under paragraph 
                (2); and
                    ``(B) educate the small business on each small 
                business financing option and ensure that the small 
                business reasonably understands the cost and terms of 
                the small business financing as well as the pros and 
                cons of the small business financing decision before 
                the small business enters into a contract for such 
                small business financing.
            ``(2) Contents of disclosure.--Each disclosure required 
        under paragraph (1) shall include:
                    ``(A) A list of all small business financing 
                options for which the small business qualifies through 
                the broker's services and, with respect to each such 
                small business financing option, the disclosures 
                described under section 193 of the Truth in Lending 
                Act.
                    ``(B) The lowest annual percentage rate option.
                    ``(C) All the lenders to which the broker has sent 
                or will send small business financing applications on 
                the small business's behalf.
                    ``(D) All compensation that will be paid to the 
                broker, including--
                            ``(i) all charges that will be paid 
                        directly or indirectly by the small business; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) whether such compensation paid to 
                        the broker will be paid up front or financed 
                        through the life of the small business 
                        financing.
                    ``(E) All conflicts of interest the broker may 
                have.
                    ``(F) A break down and explanation of the broker's 
                fee structure, including--
                            ``(i) any financial or economic interest 
                        the broker has in offering a product to the 
                        small business; and
                            ``(ii) whether the broker will receive a 
                        higher fee for brokering a certain small 
                        business financing over another small business 
                        financing.
            ``(3) Public disclosure of previous borrower results.--
                    ``(A) Website disclosure.--Each broker shall post 
                clearly and prominently on the website of the broker 
                the anonymous and aggregated results of previous small 
                business borrowers who have obtained small business 
                financing through the broker's services, in terms of 
                annual percentage rate and financing product.
                    ``(B) Brokers without websites.--Notwithstanding 
                subparagraph (A), if a broker does not have a website, 
                the broker shall disclose the information described in 
                subparagraph (A) in a paper format, upon request by any 
                small business borrower.
            ``(4) Small business complaints with respect to brokers.--
        The Director shall--
                    ``(A) collect complaints from small businesses with 
                respect to their experiences with brokers; and
                    ``(B) make such complaints available to the public 
                on the website of the Bureau of Consumer Financial 
                Protection.
            ``(5) Restriction on best interest claims.--A broker that 
        is paid higher fees with certain lenders, small business 
        financing types, or through terms other than the size of the 
        small business financing may not state that the broker is 
        acting in the best interest of the potential small business 
        borrower.
            ``(6) Prohibition on steering.--A loan originator or broker 
        may not steer a small business to small business financing that 
        is not in the small business's best interest.
            ``(7) Restrictions on certain fees.--
                    ``(A) No fee if parties do not come to an 
                agreement.--A broker may not charge a small business 
                any fee if--
                            ``(i) the broker is unable to find the 
                        small business financing; or
                            ``(ii) the small business chooses not to 
                        accept financing through the broker's services.
                    ``(B) Replacement of existing financing.--If a 
                broker or third-party lender offers an existing small 
                business customer new financing, neither the broker nor 
                the third-party lender may charge the small business a 
                new financing charge for the financing being replaced.
    ``(c) Broker Licensing and Enforcement.--
            ``(1) State broker licensing.--A person may only perform 
        the function of a broker in a State if the person is licensed 
        as a broker--
                    ``(A) with respect to a State that has a covered 
                broker licensing law, by the State; or
                    ``(B) with respect to a State that does not have a 
                covered broker licensing law, by the Bureau.
            ``(2) Covered broker licensing law.--With respect to a 
        State, the term `covered broker licensing law' means a State 
        law that the Director determines meets the following 
        requirements:
                    ``(A) Licensing.--The law provides for a process to 
                license brokers operating in the State.
                    ``(B) Prohibition on unlicensed brokers.--The law 
                prohibits any person from acting as a broker in the 
                State unless such person is licensed by the State as a 
                broker.
                    ``(C) Prohibition on licensing certain 
                individuals.--The law prohibits licensing an individual 
                as a broker if such individual--
                            ``(i) has had a State license revoked for 
                        cause in any State;
                            ``(ii) has had a Federal license revoked 
                        for cause; or
                            ``(iii) has been convicted of any crime 
                        involving lying, deceit, or misappropriation of 
                        the truth.
                    ``(D) Limitation on broker employees.--The law 
                prohibits a broker from employing any individual, other 
                than a clerical employee, who is described under clause 
                (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (C).
                    ``(E) Examination.--The law requires a licensed 
                broker to undergo State audits and provides for 
                examination of the broker by State regulators.
                    ``(F) Enforcement.--With respect to any violation 
                of a State law or regulation in connection with 
                performing the duties of a broker, the law provides 
                for--
                            ``(i) an initial warning being given to the 
                        broker;
                            ``(ii) a cure period offered to the broker 
                        during which the broker can cure the violation; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) if the broker fails to cure the 
                        violation, civil or criminal penalties which 
                        include--
                                    ``(I) the revocation of any broker 
                                license granted to the violator; and
                                    ``(II) a ban on the violator being 
                                granted any other professional license 
                                for a period of not less than 5 years.
                    ``(G) Public availability of disciplinary 
                actions.--The law requires the State agency in charge 
                of licensing brokers to maintain a website that lists 
                all disciplinary actions taken against brokers.
            ``(3) Bureau broker licensing.--Not later than the end of 
        the 12-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this 
        section, the Director shall establish a Federal broker 
        licensing program that, to the extent practicable, meets the 
        requirements for a covered broker licensing law described under 
        paragraph (2).
            ``(4) Effective date.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 
                after the end of the 2-year period beginning on the 
                date of enactment of this section.
                    ``(B) Safe harbor.--Notwithstanding subsection (a), 
                a person acting as broker in a State on the date of 
                enactment of this section who has applied for a broker 
                license under a State covered broker licensing law (or, 
                with respect to a State that does not have a covered 
                broker licensing law, with the Federal broker licensing 
                program established under paragraph (3)) may continue 
                to act as a broker in such State while the application 
                is pending.
    ``(d) Rulemaking.--The Director may issue such rules as may be 
necessary to carry out this section.
    ``(e) Penalties.--
            ``(1) Civil penalties.--Any person who violates a provision 
        of this section shall--
                    ``(A) be fined not less than $5,000 and not more 
                than $72,000;
                    ``(B) disgorge any funds or other property obtained 
                in connection with such violation;
                    ``(C) in the case of an individual licensed as a 
                broker by the Bureau, have such license suspended for 1 
                year; and
                    ``(D) in the case of an individual licensed as a 
                broker by the Bureau who has violated a provision of 
                this section previously, have such license permanently 
                revoked.
            ``(2) Criminal penalty.--Any person who violates a 
        provision of this section in an egregious manner shall be fined 
        not more than $5,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, 
        or both.
            ``(3) Liability for employer.--Any person employing a 
        broker at the time the broker violates a provision of this 
        section shall--
                    ``(A) be fined not more than $853,062;
                    ``(B) disgorge any funds or other property obtained 
                in connection with such violation;
                    ``(C) be prohibited from taking any action 
                involving small business lending or the brokerage 
                industry for not more than 30 business days; and
                    ``(D) in the case of a violation that was in an 
                egregious manner, be prohibited from taking any action 
                involving small business lending or the brokerage 
                industry for more than 30 business days, which may 
                include a permanent prohibition on the person taking 
                any action involving small business lending or the 
                brokerage industry.
            ``(4) Federal bar for state violators.--If an individual 
        has their State broker license revoked by reason of violating a 
        State law or regulation in connection with performing the 
        duties of a broker--
                    ``(A) any professional license granted to the 
                individual by the Federal Government shall be 
                terminated; and
                    ``(B) the individual may not receive a professional 
                license from the Federal Government before the end of 
                the 5-year period beginning on the date of such 
                revocation.
            ``(5) State enforcement authority.--An action to enforce a 
        violation of this section may also be brought by a State 
        attorney general in any appropriate United States district 
        court, or any other court of competent jurisdiction.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act is 
amended by striking the item relating to section 1017 and inserting the 
following:

``Sec. 1017. Regulation of brokers.
``Sec. 1018. Effective date.''.
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