Merck Advanced Fluorosurfactants 

A new product line from Merck KGaAA Presentation to the USEPA – April 2010 

Joe Twitchell Merck KGaA Marketing Leader
Agenda

• Long Chain PFC Background • Global FS Market Overview• New Merck Fluorosurfactant Information• Merck Fluorosurfactant Program Status• LVE, PMN Testing Guidance
Merck at a Glance

• Merck conducts its operations in two major business sec

Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals

• – Pharmaceuticals: Prescription drugs and consumer he

products

• – Chemicals: Specialty products for the electronics, coat

cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biotech industries

• 32,800 employees in 59 countries• Total Revenues 2008: 7,558 Million Euros• Merck manages its operating activities under the 

umbrella of Merck KGaA, which was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 1995 and admitted to the DAX® in June 2007.

• Around 30% of the total capital is publicly traded, 

while the Merck family, as general partner, indirectly holds around 70% Püt

at D
Merck Is Not The Same As M

• Merck KGaA and the U.S. pharmaceutica

Merck & Co. have been two independent since 1917.

• Common historical roots:

– 1891 Merck & Co. founded in New York by Ge

member of the Merck family

– As a consequence of World War I, Merck & Co

and became an independent company.

• Today, Merck & Co. holds the rights to the 

North America. Merck operates there as Ethe rights to the name Merck in the rest of 
PFOS, PFOA Background

PFOS

• PBT Characteristics• Key Component in Fire Fighting Foa• Use Still Allowed In Several Applicat

• Chrome Plating• Used Because Of Unsatisfactory 

• Strongly Acidic, High Temp A• “Conventional FS” Degrade Q
PFOS, PFOA Background

• PBT Issues Much Less Than PFOS• Larger Market Than PFOS

• Primary Use Is Fluoropolymer Emulsif

• Only Available Technology For CeDispersions

• Also A Breakdown Product From Other Fluorochemical Treatments (Textiles, Carp

PFOA
Fluorosurfactant Market

• Greater Than 1000 Tons Per Year

• Fire Fighting 

• Polymerization• Electronics• Industrial & Institutional• Coatings• Inks• Adhesives• Chrome Plating

• Dominated By C8 Based Chemicals
Merck Fluorosurfactant 

Information

• Merck Has Developed Two FluorosurfactanTechnologies

• Short Chain FS For Coatings, Electronior Less)• PFOS, PFOA Replacement For PolymeChrome Plating (bis C4 Phosphinic Acid
Merck Fluorosurfactant 

Information

PFOS Replacement In Chrome Plating (bis CAcid)

• Lab Results Show Durability, Surface TeReduction Nearly Equivalent To PFOS• Allows Chrome Platers To Meet HexavaExposure Regulations• Beta Site Testing Underway

• Merck Product “Cleaves” To C4 Phosphoni• Very Limited EHS Data Available Now• Seeking Guidance For LVE, PMN Testing R
Merck Fluorosurfactant 

Information

PFOA Replacement For Fluoropolymerizatio

(Mixture Of bis C4 Phosphinic, Phosphonic 

• Encouraging Results In Lab Evaluations

• Sampling To Select Customers For 

• Some Producers Now Using PFOA PosTechnology• Will Use Market Feedback To DeterminCommercialization• Limited EHS Data Available Now• Seeking Guidance For LVE, PMN TestiRequirements
Merck Fluorosurfactant 

Information

Conventional C8 FS Replacement 

• All Major Producers Have Replaced C8 The Process) With Shorter Perfluoro Ch• Many Short Chain Replacements Don’t • Merck Has Developed C4 Or Less Can

• Performance Equivalent To C8 In E• Not All Applications Known Yet

• Very Limited EHS Data Available Now• Seeking Guidance For LVE, PMN Test Requirements
Fluorosurfactant Program St

Internal Status At Merck

• Technology Patents Applied For

• Compositions and Applications

• Manufacturing Processes Defined

• Product Specifications Being Refin• Production At Small Pilot Scale• Manufacturing Economics Being O

• Sampling From Pilot Production
Fluorosurfactant Program St

• With Positive Market Feedback And Beta 

– Merck Will Begin EHS Testing For LVE

• Guidance Requested For Testing Priority

– Bis C4 Phosphinic Acid As A PFOS, PF

Replacement

– C2, C3, C4 “Conventional” Fluorosurfa