# SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ®

6220 CULEBRA ROAD i POST OFFICE DRAWER 28510 i SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, USA 78228-0510 i (210) 684-5111 i WWW.SWRI.ORG HTTP://ENGINEANDVEHICLE .SWRI.ORG ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION ISO 9001 CERTIFIED FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 14001 Certified

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC 

## April 15, 2009

Brian H. West Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory NTRC Building 2360 Cherahala Boulevard Knoxville, TN 37932

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 6 for th e Period March 1, through March 31, 2009; for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durabi lity for Intermediate Ethanol Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Labor atory Subcontract No. 4000071456, SwRI Project 03.14530.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting ca talyst and oxygen sensor temperat ures. This project will also generate valuable data on vehi cle emissions and performance.

Vehicles selected for this st udy will include a wide range of manufacturers across several model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehi cles that have been identified as having leaner and hotter opera tion on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknow n open-loop fuel control at WOT may also be selected.

In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, a nd E20) and compare emissions and vehicle performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service accumulation and emissions testing are to be perf ormed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged a nd emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three adde d service accumulation levels: 0 miles (start of service accumula tion), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service accumulation level), and at the end of the vehi cle’s full-useful life ( nominally 120,000 miles).

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory April 15, 2009 Page 2 of 7



## 2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PE RIOD MARCH 1-31, 2009

2.1 Honda Accords

The Honda Accord test vehicles underwen t Federal Test Procedure (FTP) emissions testing with project fuels during previous reporting periods. Fe deral Test Procedure emissions data for the Accords run on the E0, E10, E15, and E20 emissions test fuels are provided in Table 1. Ethanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde composite FTP emissions data calculated for each test is included in this table.

TABLE 1. 2007 HONDA ACCO RD EMISSIONS TESTS

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NO X Fuel Economy,

mi/gal
1 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.031 0.192 0.014 26.2 2 ORHA0 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T9 E0 0.037 0.257 0.019 26.0
3 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.030 0.289 0.016 25.7 4 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T9 E0 0.030 0.272 0.018 26.3 5 OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T6 0.021 0.172 0.017 26.0
6 ORHA10

OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T7 E10 0.022 0.061 0.016 25.7
7 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.025 0.172 0.014 26.7 8 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.025 0.183 0.012 26.8 9 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T2 0.019 0.130 0.015 26.2 10 ORHA15

OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 E15 0.016 0.109 0.014 26.2
11 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T3 0.027 0.199 0.019 27.2 12 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T4 E0 0.024 0.173 0.014 27.1 13 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T5 0.023 0.140 0.023 26.3 14 ORHA20

OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T6 E20 0.021 0.137 0.016 25.7 FTP Composite Emissions, mg/mi Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel Ethanol Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde
1 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.1 3.9 1.2 2 ORHA0 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T9 E0 0.1 4.6 1.9
3 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T8 0.1 3.6 1.1 4 OR-HA10-1-F-E0-0k-T9 E0 0.1 3.6 1.0 5 OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T6 0.7 3.2 1.9
6 ORHA10

OR-HA10-1-F-E10-0k-T7 E10 1.0 3.2 2.2
7 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.2 0.7 0.2 8 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.1 1.0 0.2 9 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T2 1.0 3.0 2.6 10 ORHA15

OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 E15 0.9 3.3 2.6
11 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T3 0.1 0.7 0.2 12 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T4 E0 0.1 0.6 0.2 13 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T5 1.6 3.0 3.1 14 ORHA20

OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T6 E20 1.5 3.0 3.3

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory April 15, 2009 Page 3 of 7



## The four Honda Accords began their service accumulation on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers during the previ ous reporting period. Honda Accord ORHA10 was observed to have a high oil consumption rate (approximately one quart every 2,000 miles). A graph of Honda Accord oil consumpti on vs. time is provided in Appendix A.

Following an investigation into the high oi l consumption, Oak Ridge and CRC decided to permanently discontinue service accumulation on Honda Accord ORHA10 and replace it with another Honda Accord. SwRI id entified a candidate Accord fo r purchase in Houston that matches the criteria of the existing Accord vehi cle set. This candidate vehicle was purchased and delivered to SwRI. A description of the replacement Honda Accord, ORHA10B, is given in Appendix B.

The three remaining Honda Accords continued service a ccumulation on SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers. Oil change interv als, as determined by the Honda Maintenance Minder (service and oil change indi cator that displays the percentage of oil life remaining), are occurring regularly at ap proximately 7,000 miles of standard road cycle (SRC) service. SwRI is changing the oil on all the vehicles at the added service accumulation mileage level that the leading vehicle’s maintenance mind er indicates as "five percent oil life remaining." Oil change interval history for the Honda Acco rds is included with the long-te rm fuel trim measurements in Appendix C.

2.2 Chevrolet Silverados

The Chevrolet Silverado test vehicles underwent FTP emission s testing with project fuels during the previous reporting peri od. Silverado WOT test results using E0 and E20 fuel blends with all four vehicles have been reviewed a nd posted to the project ftp site. Federal Test Procedure emissions tests were conducted with E0, E10, E15, and E20 emissions test fuels during the previous reporting pe riod. Silverado vehicle emissi on test results, including FTP composite ethanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde data are provided in Table 2.

The four Chevrolet Silverado test vehi cles began SRC service accumulation this reporting period. There was some question as to what the programmed dynamometer road load force should be for the Chevrolet Silverados beca use the SRC required a road load that resulted in a vehicle transmission shift late in the 0 to 80mph acceleration portion of the SRC. Following consultation with Oak Ridge and CRC representativ es, it was decided that the Silverados would be run with a slightly lower road load force at this point in the accelerat ion so that the vehicle transmission would not repeatedly shift up and down and cause instability in the road load at this point. This selection was made after assuming th at a human driver would likely approach this road load gently from the low side to avoid er ratic transmission shift events. Silverado service accumulation is scheduled to continue through the end of May.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory April 15, 2009 Page 4 of 7



## TABLE 2. 2006 CHEVROLET SI LVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NO X Fuel Economy,

mi/gal
1 OR-CS00-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.057 0.640 0.027 15.6 2 ORCS0 OR-CS00-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.050 0.561 0.026 15.5
3 OR-CS10-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.061 0.897 0.021 15.4 4 OR-CS10-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.055 0.723 0.024 15.4 5 OR-CS10-1-F-E10-0k-T3 0.051 0.703 0.025 15.4
6 ORCS10

OR-CS10-1-F-E10-0k-T4 E10 0.053 0.789 0.028 15.6
7 OR-CS15-1-F-E0-0k-T1 0.060 0.871 0.019 16.0 8 OR-CS15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 E0 0.060 0.818 0.022 16.0 9 OR-CS15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 0.054 0.791 0.026 15.6 10 ORCS15

OR-CS15-1-F-E15-0k-T4 E15 0.051 0.730 0.028 15.7
11 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-0k-T1 0.066 0.918 0.024 16.0 12 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-0k-T2 E0 0.066 0.904 0.022 15.9 13 OR-CS20-1-F-E20-0k-T3 0.055 0.853 0.023 15.5 14 ORCS20

OR-CS20-1-F-E20-0k-T4 E20 0.053 0.836 0.023 15.6 FTP Composite Emissions, mg/mi Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel Ethanol Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde
1 OR-CS00-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.1 3.3 1.0 2 ORCS0 OR-CS00-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.1 3.0 0.9
3 OR-CS10-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.1 3.6 1.2 4 OR-CS10-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.1 3.7 1.2 5 OR-CS10-1-F-E10-0k-T3 1.3 3.7 3.7
6 ORCS10

OR-CS10-1-F-E10-0k-T4 E10 1.4 3.7 3.8
7 OR-CS15-1-F-E0-0k-T1 0.4 ur 1.3 8 OR-CS15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 E0 nd 3.7 1.1 9 OR-CS15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 2.8 4.2 5.7 10 ORCS15

OR-CS15-1-F-E15-0k-T4 E15 2.3 4.1 5.8
11 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-0k-T1 nd ur 1.2 12 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-0k-T2 E0 0.1 3.2 1.1 13 OR-CS20-1-F-E20-0k-T3 3.3 4.0 7.4 14 ORCS20

OR-CS20-1-F-E20-0k-T4 E20 3.1 3.7 6.5 nd - not detected, below detection limit ur - under review, raw data is being reviewed



## 2.3 Nissan Altimas

Southwest Research Institute began vehicl e preparation of the four 2008 Nissan Altima test vehicles. Vehicle FTP check-out emissions tests were performed w ith E0 fuel, and it was noticed that the Altima emissions were ve ry close to the EPA Bin 5 50K-mile emission standards. Discussions ensued between Oa k Ridge, SwRI, and Nissan, and Nissan recommended that the automatic transmission control units (ATCUs) be re-flashed with software for testing on a two wheel dynamometer. After Oak Ridge discussed these results with CRC committee members, it was decided to send the ATCUs to Nissan Technical Center for the re-flash. The Altima emissions testing will resume following the ATCU programming change.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory April 15, 2009 Page 5 of 7



## 2.4 Ford Taurus’

The four Ford Taurus test vehicles have been named ORFT0, ORFT10, ORFT15, ORFT20, and will be aged on E0, E10, E15, E20 fuels, respectively. The vehicle naming convention for the Taurus’ is given in Table 3. Vehicle designations were assigned randomly. Vehicle and fuel identification labels have been put on each vehicle. The Ford Taurus test vehicle set is shown in Figure 1.

TABLE 3. FORD TAURU S VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION CONVENTION

OR F T __ __

Oak Ridge Ford Taurus (0, 10, 15, or 20) Aging Fuel Ethanol Level, %

FIGURE 1. 2008 FORD TA URUS TEST VEHICLE SET

The four 2008 Ford Taurus test vehicles be gan preparations for testing and were fitted with new matching tires for service accumulation. Fu ture emissions tests will be performed with selected tires from the as-received vehicles.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory April 15, 2009 Page 6 of 7



## 2.5 Fuel Blending

The E0, E10, E15, and E20 emissions test fuels for the Chevrolet Silverados and the Nissan Altimas were blended during the previous reporting period. Ble nding of the emissions test fuels for the Ford Taurus and the next ve hicle set began this repor ting period. Blending of these batches of emissions test fuels is scheduled to continue through April.

A service accumulation fuel quality audit was performed at the mileage accumulation dynamometers (MADs). Fuel samples were taken from the four different MAD lane dispensers used to refill test vehicle fuel tanks. These sa mples were analyzed in SwRI’s Petroleum Products Research Department for oxygenate content usi ng the ASTM D5599 procedure. Fuel analysis audit results, given in Appendix D, verify that the correct fuels are being dispensed into the appropriate vehicles.

2.6 Vehicle Procurement

Southwest Research Institute took receipt of the four 2008 Nissan Altima and four 2008 Ford Taurus test vehicles during the previo us reporting period. The replacement for Honda Accord ORHA10, designated as vehi cle ORHA10B, was received this period. No other vehicles or vehicle models have been identified for procurement.

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

The three Honda Accords will continue service accumulation until each vehicle reaches 50,000 test miles as measured by the vehicle odomet er. The Accords are e xpected the reach this level of service accumulation approximately Ap ril 20, 2009. The vehicles will then begin midlevel (50k mile) WOT performance and FTP emissions tests with emissions test fuels E0, E10, E15, and E20. The addition of mid-level WOT performance tests was requested by the Oak Ridge technical project monito r. The replacement Honda Accord, vehicle ORHA10B, is expected to begin zero-mile WOT performan ce and FTP emissions tests during the next reporting period.

The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set will continue service accumulation testing with mileage accumulation fuels RE0, RE10, RE10, a nd RE20. Silverado serv ice accumulation is anticipated to continue through May.

The Nissan Altima exhaust systems will be instrumented for temperature and lambda measurement for WOT performan ce testing. Federal Test Pr ocedure emissions testing will resume following the ATCU re-flash.

The Ford Taurus vehicle set will continue its preparation for emissions testing and service accumulation. The Taurus catalytic converter is close-coupled to the engine in a cast iron exhaust manifold and presents some instrume ntation challenges. Oak Ridge, SwRI, and CRC will determine an instrumentation strategy for the Taurus exhaust systems.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory April 15, 2009 Page 7 of 7



## Project fuel blending activities will continue . Blending of emissions test fuels for the Taurus vehicle set and the next vehicle set is scheduled for Apr il. Blending of the second batch of each of the vehicle service accumulation fuels RE10, RE15, and RE20 is also scheduled.

Oak Ridge requested that a meeting be held in San Antonio with Oak Ridge, SwRI, and the Battelle Statistics an d Information Analysis Group to discuss project data format and data archiving. A format for pr oject test data will be reviewed and discussed.

4.0 CONCLUSION

If you have any questions regarding this proj ect report, please contact Marty Heimrich at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org

.
Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White Manager Director Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research and Development and Development



## /sat

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI Kevin Brunner, SwRI

This report shall not be reproduced, ex cept in full, without the written approv al of Southwest Research Institute ®

. Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report.

# APPENDIX A

HONDA ACCORD OIL CONSUMPTION

Vehicle Set

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20

## A-1 

## 2007 Honda Accord Oil Consumption

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000



### Test MilesTotal Oil Consumption (lbs.)



### ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20

# APPENDIX B

HONDA ACCORD VEHICLE INFORMATION

Vehicle Set

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA10B

ORHA15 ORHA20

## B-1 APPENDIX TABLE B-1. 2007 HONDA ACCORDS

Vehicle Check-in Information Prior to Setup

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA10 Replacement ORHA10B ORHA15 ORHA20 Vehicle make Honda H onda Honda Honda Honda Vehicle model Accord Accord Accord Accord Accord Model year 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 VIN 1HGCM56367A137174 1HGCM56817A215856 1HGCM56727A141399 1HGCM56737A016217 1HGCM56347A138128 Tire size (wheel size) P205 60R 16 P205 65R 15 P205 60R 16 P205 60R 16 P205 60R 16 Tire manufacturer Michelin & Primewell Michelin & Goodyear Michelin Michelin Michelin & Firestone Tire pressure specification 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi Steel or alloy wheels Alloy Steel Alloy Alloy Alloy Odometer 31,686 24,753 32182 31,308 34,383 Engine code (Engine family) 7HNXV02.4KKC 7HNXV02.4KKC 7HNXV02. 4KKC 7HNXV02.4KKC 7HNXV02.4KKC Engine evap code 7HNXR0140BBA 7HNXR0140 BBA 7HNXR0140BBA 7HNXR0140BBA 7HNXR0140BBA Climate control/ std air cond. Std Climate Control std Std Std Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) Std Std std Std Std State insp. Expiration date Nov-2009 Nov-2009 Feb-10 Nov-2009 Nov-2009 License plate expiration date None N one None None None Is there a license plate in front and rear? No No no No No License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Transmission Auto - 5 speed Auto - 5 speed Auto - 5 speed Au to - 5 speed Auto - 5 speed Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd Axle Ratio 4.438 4.438 4.438 4.438 4.438 Axle – Open carrier or limited slip Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Calibration ID #1 37805-RAD-A810 37805-RAD-A810 37805-RAD-A810 37805-RAD-A590 37805-RAD-A810 Calibration Version #1 CVN0137964040 CVN037964040 CVN037964040 CCVN0005C0252 CVN037964040 Calibration ID #2 37850-RCA-A100 37850-RCA-A 100 37850-RCA-A100 37850-RCA-A100 37850-RCA-A100 Calibration Version #2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Calibration ID #3 Calibration Version #3 Calibration ID #4 Calibration Version #4 Record existing PCM codes None None None None None Clear codes with approval of project manager. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Exhaust Aftertreatment - Number of catalytic converters 2 2 2 2 With vehicle at idle place red rag over the end of the tailpipe and look for exhaust leaks None None None None None

## B-2 APPENDIX TABLE B-1 (CON T'D). 2007 HONDA ACCORDS

Vehicle Check-in Information After Setup ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA10B ORHA15 ORHA20 Vehicle make Honda H onda Honda Honda Honda Vehicle model Accord Accord Accord Accord Accord Model year 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 VIN 1HGCM56367A137174 1HGCM56817A215856 1HGCM56727A141399 1HGCM56737A016217 1HGCM56347A138128 Tire size (wheel size) P205 60R 16 P205 60R 16 P205 60R 16 P205 60R 16 P205 60R 16 Tire manufacturer Michelin Michelin Michelin Michelin Michelin Tire pressure specification 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi 32 psi Steel or alloy wheels Alloy Steel Alloy Alloy Alloy Odometer 31,686 24,753 32182 31,308 34,383 Engine code (Engine family) 7HNXV02.4KKC 7HNXV02.4KKC 7HNXV02.4KKC 7HNXV02.4KKC 7HNXV02.4KKC Engine evap code 7HNXR0140BBA 7HNXR0140 BBA 7HNXR0140BBA 7HNXR0140BBA 7HNXR0140BBA Climate control/ std air cond. Std Climate Control std Std Std Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) Std Std std Std Std State insp. Expiration date Nov-09 Nov-09 Feb-10 Nov-09 Nov-09 License plate expiration date None None None None None Is there a license plate in front and rear? No No no No No License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Transmission Auto - 5 speed Auto - 5 speed Auto - 5 speed Au to - 5 speed Auto - 5 speed Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd Axle Ratio 4.438 4.438 4.438 4.438 4.438 Axle – Open carrier or limited slip Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Calibration ID #1 37805-RAD-A810 37805-RAD-A810 37805-RAD-A810 37805-RAD-A810 37805-RAD-A810 Calibration Version #1 CVN0137964040 CVN037964040 CVN037964040 CVN037964040 CVN037964040 Calibration ID #2 37850-RCA-A100 37850-RCA-A 100 37850-RCA-A100 37850-RCA-A100 37850-RCA-A100 Calibration Version #2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Calibration ID #3 Calibration Version #3 Calibration ID #4 Calibration Version #4 Record existing PCM codes None None None None None Clear codes with approval of project manager. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Exhaust Aftertreatment - Number of catalytic converters 2 2 2 2 With vehicle at idle place red rag over the end of the tailpipe and look for exhaust leaks None None None None None

# APPENDIX C

OIL CHANGE INTERVAL HISTORY AND LONG-TERM FUEL TRIM MEASUREMENTS

## C-1 Honda Accord Long Term Fuel Trim

Date Odometer Test Fuel 31,686 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. After Zero Mile Emisions (E20 WOT) 1/20/2009 32,026 340 E20 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.4 Approx. 2,222 miles SRC w/E0 2/5/2009 34,248 2,562 E0 0.7 0.8 Oil Change 1 2/26/2009 38,603 6,917 E0 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.5 Oil Change 2 3/9/2009 45,947 14,261 E0 -6.2 -6.2 -6.2 -7.0 -6.2 -7.0 During mileage accumulation audit 3/12/2009 48,609 16,923 E0 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 Oil Change 3 3/17/2009 53,291 21,605 E0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.8 Oil Change 4 3/25/2009 60,516 28,830 E0 1.6 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.6

Date Odometer Test Fuel 24,754 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. After Zero Mile Emisions (E0 FTP-75) 2/10/2009 25,213 459 E0 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6

First Oil Change 3/3/2009 32,247 7,493 E10 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.6

Date Odometer Test Fuel 31,369 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. After Zero Mile Emisions (E10 FTP-75) 2/16/2009 31,777 408 EO -17.8 -17.1 -17.9 -18.7 -16.4 -20.3

Oil Change 1 3/4/2009 39,220 7,851 E15 -3.9 -4.6 -3.9 -3.9 -3.9 -3.9 Oil Change 2 3/13/2009 47,111 15,742 E15 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Oil Change 3 3/23/2009 55,034 23,665 E15 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Date Odometer Test Fuel 34,383 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. After Zero Mile Emisions (E10 FTP-75) 2/6/2009 34,842 459 E20 2.3 2.3 3.1 3.9 2.3 2.3

Oil Change 1 3/3/2009 41,556 7,173 E20 6.2 7 7 7.8 7.8 7.8 Oil Change 2 3/11/2009 48,726 14,343 E20 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.5 Oil Change 3 3/19/2009 56,199 21,816 E20 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Oil Change 4 2/27/2009 63,481 29,098 E20 4.7 5.5 5.5 4.7 5.5 4.7 Idle in Park Idle in Drive ORHA20

Idle in Drive ORHA15

Idle in Drive Idle in Park Idle in Drive ORHA10

Idle in Drive Idle in Park Idle in Drive Idle in Drive ORHA0

Idle in Park Idle in Drive

# APPENDIX D

AUDIT OF SERVICE ACCUMULA TION FUELS TEST FUEL

## D-1 Audits of Mileage Accumulation Fuel from the Dispensers

Sample STAND #1 Tank-161 STAND #2 Tank-163 STAND #8 Tank-166 STAND #9 Tank-169 Vehicle ORHA0 ORHA10 ORCS15 ORCS20 Description GA-6947 GA-6971 GA-6972 GA-6973 RE0 RE10 RE15 RE20 Date 3/17/2009 3/17/2009 3/17/2009 3/17/2009 Laboratory PPRD 78619 PPRD 78620 PPRD 78621 PPRD 78622 Property Test Method Test Results Test Results Test Results Test Results API Gravity ASTM D4052 60.7 58.8 58.4 57.7 Specific Gravity ASTM D4052 0.7362 0.7436 0.7451 0.748 Oxygen and Oxygenates (Volume %) ASTM D5599

Diisopropylether (DIPE) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Ethyl tert -butylether (ETBE) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Ethanol (EtOH) <0.2 9.20 15.30 20.47 Isobutanol (iBA) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Isopropanol (iPA) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Methanol (MeOH) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Methyl tert -butylether (MTBE) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 n-Butanol (nBA) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 n-Propanol (nPA) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

sec -Butanol (sBA) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
tert -amyl methylether (TAME) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
tert -Butanol (tBA) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
tert -Pentanol (tPA) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Total Oxygen in WT% <0.2 3.41 5.66 7.54