[Cite as State v. Flores, 2020-Ohio-593.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

State of Ohio, : 

 Plaintiff-Appellee, : 

 No. 19AP-405 

v. : (C.P.C. No. 18CR-4090)

Kristian H. Flores, : (REGULAR CALENDAR) 

 Defendant-Appellant. : 

 

D E C I S I O N 

Rendered on February 20, 2020 

 

On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Michael P. 

Walton, for appellee. 

On brief: Kura, Wilford & Schregardus Co., L.P.A., and 

Sarah M. Schregardus, for appellant. 

 

APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas 

SADLER, P.J. 

{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Kristian H. Flores, appeals from a judgment of the 

Franklin County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of three counts of trafficking in 

heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.03. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. 

I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

{¶ 2} On August 20, 2018, a Franklin County Grand Jury indicted appellant on two 

counts of trafficking in heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.03, a felony of the second degree; 

one count of trafficking in heroin with a one-year firearm specification, in violation of R.C. 

2925.03, a felony of the first degree; and one count of improper handling of a firearm in a 

motor vehicle, in violation of R.C. 2923.16, a felony of the fourth degree. Appellant agreed 
No. 19AP-405 2 

to plead guilty to two counts of second-degree trafficking in heroin and one count of firstdegree trafficking in heroin, without specification. 

{¶ 3} At the April 9, 2019 plea hearing, the prosecutor set forth the facts underlying 

the offenses as follows: 

Count 2 was the second buy in this investigation. The first buy 

was done directly with the codefendant, Arturo Chavira. 

Count 2 occurred May 31, 2018, with Chavira and [appellant] 

to do this deal. It was for an ounce of heroin for $1,100. The 

ounce was obtained directly from [appellant] and was 25.09 

grams of heroin. 

Count 3 occurred, the same type of situation, an ounce of 

heroin for $1,100. [Appellant] was sent by Chavira on June 4, 

2018, 24.58 grams of heroin. 

A buy bust was set up on August 9, 2018, where they set up 

purchase of a half a kilo of heroin for $19,000. Chavira 

arrived with [appellant]. [Appellant] participated in that deal. 

He was -- he stayed in the car where the gun was while Chavira 

did that deal. 

All three of these events occurred in Franklin County, Ohio. 

That last one was over 50 grams of heroin. It was actually 

500.85 grams of heroin. That is a Schedule I substance. 

(Apr. 9, 2019 Plea Hearing Tr. at 8.) 

{¶ 4} At the plea hearing, the trial court engaged in a plea colloquy with appellant. 

The transcript shows that appellant responded appropriately, "Yes, Your Honor" and "No, 

Your Honor," to the trial court's inquiries. (Apr. 9, 2019 Plea Hearing Tr. at 8, 9.) At the 

May 30, 2019 sentencing hearing, the following exchange occurred: 

THE COURT: All right. Anything you want to tell me 

directly? 

THE DEFENDANT: I know I've made mistakes and 

everything and I've got to pay for them. I'm really sorry. 

(May 30, 2019 Sentencing Hearing Tr. at 4.) 

{¶ 5} The trial court convicted appellant of the charges to which he pleaded guilty 

and sentenced appellant to a concurrent prison term of five years for each of the three 

offenses. Appellant timely appealed to this court from the judgment of the trial court. 

II. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR 

{¶ 6} Appellant assigns the following as trial court error: 
No. 19AP-405 3 

Trial counsel was constitutionally ineffective when she failed 

to request an interpreter for the Appellant. 

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW 

{¶ 7} In State v. Romero, 156 Ohio St.3d 468, 2019-Ohio-1839, the Supreme Court 

of Ohio set forth the appropriate standard of review to apply to a claim of ineffective 

assistance of counsel in this context of a direct appeal from a guilty plea: 

When a defendant alleges ineffective assistance of counsel 

arising from the plea process, the defendant must meet the 

two-prong test set out in Strickland [v. Washington], 466 U.S. 

668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674. See Hill [v. Lockhart, 

474 U.S. 52] at 58 [(1985)] (applying Strickland to guilty 

pleas); State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 524, 584 N.E.2d 715 

(1992) (same). 

First, the defendant must show that counsel's performance 

was deficient. Strickland at 687; Xie at 524. When an 

attorney's noncitizen client is considering a plea, the United 

States Supreme Court has held that "counsel must inform her 

client whether his plea carries a risk of deportation." Padilla

[v. Kentucky], 559 U.S. [356,] at 374, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 

L.Ed.2d 284 [(2010)]. Given the grave consequences of 

deportation, an ineffective-assistance claim is not limited to 

affirmative misadvice or false information. Id. at 369-371. 

The failure to give any advice at all about possible deportation 

consequences satisfies the first prong of Strickland. Id. "The 

severity of deportation * * * only underscores how critical it is 

for counsel to inform her noncitizen client that he faces a risk 

of deportation." Id. at 373-374. 

Second, the defendant must demonstrate prejudice resulting 

from counsel's deficient performance. Strickland at 687. The 

defendant can show prejudice by demonstrating a "reasonable 

probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have 

pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial." Hill

at 59; Xie at 524. 

Id. at ¶ 14-16. 

{¶ 8} "Upon direct appeal, appellate courts generally review ineffective assistance 

of counsel claims on a de novo basis." State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006-Ohio6679, ¶ 53. 
No. 19AP-405 4 

IV. LEGAL ANALYSIS 

{¶ 9} In appellant's sole assignment of error, appellant alleges his trial counsel 

provided constitutionally ineffective assistance when she failed to request an interpreter for 

appellant. We disagree. 

{¶ 10} Appellant argues his guilty plea was not a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary 

waiver of constitutional and statutory rights because he is not English proficient, and his 

trial counsel failed to request the trial court provide him with the services of an interpreter 

at his plea hearing. Appellant's claim is based on his assertion that he is a native of El 

Salvador and not a United States citizen. 

{¶ 11} " '[I]n a criminal case the defendant is entitled to hear the proceedings in a 

language he can understand.' " State v. G.C., 10th Dist. No. 15AP-536, 2016-Ohio-717, ¶ 17, 

quoting State v. Pina, 49 Ohio App.2d 394, 399 (2d Dist.1975). " 'Generally, a trial court 

has broad discretion in determining whether a criminal defendant requires the assistance 

of an interpreter.' " G.C. at ¶ 17, quoting State v. Saah, 67 Ohio App.3d 86, 95 (8th 

Dist.1990). "An imperfect grasp of the English language may be sufficient as long as the 

defendant has the ability to understand and communicate in English." G.C. at ¶ 17, citing 

State v. Castro, 2d Dist. No. 14398 (Sept. 20, 1995). 

{¶ 12} R.C. 2311.14 and Sup.R. 88 set forth the circumstances under which the 

appointment of a foreign language interpreter is mandated. R.C. 2311.14(A)(1) provides in 

pertinent part: 

Whenever because of a hearing, speech, or other impairment 

a party to or witness in a legal proceeding cannot readily 

understand or communicate, the court shall appoint a 

qualified interpreter to assist such person. 

{¶ 13} Sup.R. 88 provides in relevant part: 

(A) When appointment of a foreign language interpreter is 

required. 

A court shall appoint a foreign language interpreter in a case 

or court function in either of the following situations: 

(1) A party or witness who is limited English proficient or 

non-English speaking requests a foreign language interpreter 

and the court determines the services of the interpreter are 

necessary for the meaningful participation of the party or 

witness; 
No. 19AP-405 5 

(2) Absent a request from a party or witness for a foreign 

language interpreter, the court concludes the party or witness 

is limited English proficient or non-English speaking and 

determines the services of the interpreter are necessary for the 

meaningful participation of the party or witness. 

{¶ 14} Other than the prosecutor's assertion at the sentencing hearing that appellant 

is not a United States citizen, the transcript of the plea hearing and sentencing hearing in 

this case provide no support for appellant's contention that he was not English proficient 

and in need of the services of an interpreter. Appellant responded appropriately to the trial 

court's inquiries at the plea hearing, and he made a brief statement of apology when 

prompted by the trial court at the sentencing hearing. 

{¶ 15} Moreover, our review of the report of a presentence investigation ("PSI") 

conducted in this matter reveals appellant's proficiency in English. Though the PSI shows 

that appellant was born in El Salvador to non-English speaking parents, it also shows that 

appellant's family moved to the United States when he was nine, he has lived in the United 

States since that time, and was educated in public schools in the Columbus area. As part of 

the PSI, appellant was required to complete, in English, a brief questionnaire seeking 

information about the offense for which he was found guilty. The PSI shows that appellant 

responded appropriately to the questions asked. The investigator also reported he 

interviewed appellant, in English, regarding the offenses. The report of that interview 

reads, in relevant part, as follows: 

The offender and this officer discussed this offense in further 

detail during a PSI interview on 4/24/19. He stated that he 

was arrested with his co-offender, Arturo Chavira, who he had 

been friends with since he was 11 years old. He indicated that 

Chivara asked him to help sell heroin 2 or 3 times, and he 

agreed, explaining that for helping, Chavira provided cocaine 

for his own personal use. The offender explained that he was 

never paid with money; only cocaine. This officer questioned 

him about how many times he sold or helped Chavira sell 

heroin, and he maintained that it was two or three times, 

adding that he was caught every time. 

According to the offender, in 2018 he was using powder 

cocaine on a daily basis to give him energy because he was 

working a lot. He added, "I got stupid about it". He stated 

that Chavira was like an older brother to him and wasn't his 

normal drug dealer, explaining that the cocaine Chivara 

provided was only for helping with the heroin deals. 
No. 19AP-405 6 

The officer stated that he didn't know who Chivara was 

working for, and only knows that it was "a guy from Mexico". 

He added, "I'm getting charged for something that wasn't 

mine, I didn't know where he was getting it from". 

(PSI at 6.) 

{¶ 16} The investigator also reported that he discussed with appellant, in some 

detail, such subjects as his current residence and the characteristics of the neighborhood, 

his experiences in high school and in the working world, his relationships with family, 

friends, and other associations, and his past problems with drugs and alcohol. The 

investigator concluded that appellant "was cooperative throughout the PSI interview and 

answered all questions asked." (PSI at 14.) At no point in the PSI report is there any 

indication appellant told the investigator he did not understand English. Thus, the record 

shows the only time appellant claimed an inability to understand English was in his merit 

brief in this appeal. 

{¶ 17} In G.C., appellant pleaded guilty to the rape of a 14-year-old girl, and he was 

sentenced to a prison term. On appeal, appellant argued his plea "was not knowing, 

intelligent and voluntary" because the trial court committed plain error by failing to provide 

appellant with the services of a Bengali translator. Id., 2016-Ohio-717, at ¶ 11. In addressing 

appellant's claim, this court stated: "The transcript of the plea hearing reveal[ed] that the 

trial court complied with the requirements of Crim.R. 11 in accepting appellant's guilty plea 

and convicting him of two counts of rape. At the plea hearing, the trial court personally 

addressed appellant and informed him of each of the constitutional and statutory rights he 

would be relinquishing by pleading guilty. During the plea colloquy appellant responded 

in the affirmative when the trial court asked if he could 'read and write English reasonably 

well?' (Mar. 11, 2015 Tr. at 5-6.) When the trial court asked appellant '[h]ow much 

education have you completed in your life,' appellant responded: 'High school.' (Mar. 11, 

2015 Tr. at 5.)" Id. at ¶ 4. 

{¶ 18} Appellant in G.C. argued that the PSI established that he was not capable of 

understanding English. In G.C., the PSI provided, in relevant part, as follows: 

The investigator made the following comments in the report: 

**It should be noted that when the pre-sentence 

interview began, the offender advised he was 

unable to answer any questions and needed an 
No. 19AP-405 7 

interpreter. He was asked why he didn't need 

one prior in Court and he advised he didn't 

understand what he was being asked. His 

attorney advised probation that he and the 

Court did not believe there have been any issues 

with his ability to understand and speak and this 

was a "new" development. Please see attitude 

section for details. As a result, all details below 

came from his intake packet** 

(Emphasis omitted.) (PSI, 6.) 

In the "Attitude" section of the PSI the investigator noted the 

following: 

After receiving notification from the offender's 

attorney that [an interpreter] was not needed, 

this raises several questions as to the attitude 

given by the offender and his "sudden" inability 

to understand what is going on. 

(PSI, 10.) 

Id. at ¶ 7-8. 

{¶ 19} In rejecting appellant's claim that he was not English proficient, this court 

found as follows: 

Prior to appellant's plea hearing, there was nothing before the 

trial court that would have supported a finding that appellant 

was not English proficient and that a foreign language 

interpreter was necessary for his meaningful participation in 

the proceedings. Furthermore, the transcript of the plea 

hearing belies appellant's post-hearing claim that he is not 

English proficient. The transcript reveals that the trial court 

personally addressed appellant and that appellant responded 

appropriately in English to all of the court's inquiries. Neither 

appellant nor his trial counsel ever suggested to the trial court 

that appellant was not English proficient and that a foreign 

language interpreter was necessary for appellant's meaningful 

participation in the proceedings. 

At the time of the plea hearing, the trial court record reveals, 

at most, that English was not appellant's native language. 

Id. at ¶ 22-23. 

{¶ 20} Here, as was the case in G.C., the transcript of the plea hearing reveals no 

English deficiencies on the part of appellant that could have prevented him from entering 

a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary guilty plea. At most, the record in this case shows that 
No. 19AP-405 8 

appellant is a citizen of El Salvador and that English is a second language. Moreover, 

appellant herein, unlike the appellant in G.C., made no claim during the PSI interview that 

he could not speak or understand English and, as noted above, the substance of the PSI 

belies appellant's claim on appeal. Thus, on a review of the entire record in this case and a 

de novo consideration of appellant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, we can find 

no support for appellant's claim that his counsel provided ineffective assistance by not 

requesting the services of an interpreter to assist appellant at his plea hearing. G.C. at ¶ 23. 

See also State v. Oluoch, 10th Dist. No. 07AP-45, 2007-Ohio-5560, ¶ 42 (rejecting 

appellant's contention his counsel rendered ineffective assistance for failing to obtain an 

interpreter during appellant's plea hearing where the record established no language 

barrier precluded appellant from understanding what transpired during the plea hearing); 

Al-Tamimi v. Warren, E.D.Mich. No. 2:06-CV-12427 (Nov. 15, 2007) (petitioner did not 

show that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to request a foreign language 

interpreter for his plea hearing where the petitioner stated at the plea hearing that he could 

read, write, and understand the English language and responded appropriately to the trial 

judge's questions, indicating comprehension of those questions); State v. Gegia, 157 Ohio 

App.3d 112, 2004-Ohio-2124, ¶ 16 (9th Dist.) (court of appeals rejected appellant's claim 

his counsel provided ineffective assistance for failing to request the appointment of a 

Russian interpreter to aid appellant at his plea hearing because appellant claimed he did 

not need an interpreter and because the transcript showed "[a]t no point [during the plea 

colloquy] did it appear as if Appellant did not fully understand the purpose and result of 

the proceedings"). 

{¶ 21} Contrary to appellant's assertion on appeal, the record in this case 

demonstrates that appellant had a sufficient grasp of the English language to understand 

the proceedings in the trial court and that he was able to effectively communicate and 

understand English. Consequently, appellant's claim his guilty plea was not knowingly, 

voluntarily, and intelligently entered due to an inability to understand the English language 

and trial counsel's ineffective assistance is without merit. G.C.; Oluoch; Al-Tamimi; Gegia. 

Accordingly, appellant's assignment of error is overruled. 
No. 19AP-405 9 

V. CONCLUSION 

{¶ 22} Having overruled appellant's sole assignment of error, we affirm the 

judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas. 

Judgment affirmed.

BROWN and LUPER SCHUSTER, JJ., concur. 

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