As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Attachment B-4 

FINAL 

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 

2018 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND HYBRID 

ELECTRIC VEHICLES, IN THE PASSENGER CAR, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES 

 Adopted: [insert date here] 

 

[Note: Set forth below are the 2012 amendments to the California zero emission vehicle 

(ZEV) regulation. This is a newly adopted test procedure, shown without underline as 

permitted by California Code of Regulations, title 1, section 8.] 
 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

NOTE: This document is incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, title 13, 

California Code of Regulations (CCR). Additional requirements necessary to 

complete an application for certification of zero-emission vehicles and hybrid 

electric vehicles are contained in other documents that are designed to be used 

in conjunction with this document. These other documents include: 

1. “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles” 

(incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), title 13, CCR); 

2. “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in section 1976(c), title 

13, CCR); 

3. “California Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in section 1978(b), title 

13, CCR); 

4. OBD II (section 1968, et seq. title 13, CCR, as applicable); 

5. “California Environmental Performance Label Specifications for 2009 and 

Subsequent Model Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in 1965, title 13, CCR); 

6. Warranty Requirements (sections 2037 and 2038, title 13, CCR); 

7. “Specifications for Fill Pipes and Openings of Motor Vehicle Fuel Tanks” 

(incorporated by reference in section 2235, title 13, CCR); 

8. Guidelines for Certification of Federally Certified Light-Duty Motor Vehicles for 

Sale in California (incorporated by section 1960.5, title 13, CCR); and 

9. “California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures,” (incorporated by 

reference in section 1961(d), title 13, CCR). 

 
As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page 

No.

A. Applicability ....................................................................................................... A-1

B. Definitions and Terminology. ........................................................................... B-1

1. Definitions. .............................................................................................. B-1

2. Terminology. ........................................................................................... B-6

C. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards. .................................................................. C-1

D. Certification Requirements. ............................................................................. D-1

1. Durability and Emission Testing Requirements. .................................... D-1

2. Information Requirements: Application for Certification. ........................ D-1

3. ZEV Reporting Requirements. ............................................................... D-3

E. Determination of NEV Acceleration, Top Speed, and Constant Speed Range

 ............................................................................................................................. E-1

F. Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles 

(including Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles) and All 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Except Off-Vehicle Charge 

Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles. .................................................................... F-1

1. Electric Dynamometer. ............................................................................ F-1

2. Vehicle and Battery Break-In Period. ...................................................... F-1

3. All-Electric Range Test ........................................................................... F-1

4. Determination of Battery Specific Energy for ZEVs. ............................... F-4

5. Determination of the Emissions of the Fuel-fired Heater for Vehicles Other 

Than ZEVs. ............................................................................................. F-4

6. Urban ...................................................................................................... F-5

7. Highway Emission Test Provisions ....................................................... F-10

8. SFTP Emission Test Provisions for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Except 

Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles. ............................................................................................... F-12

9. State-of-Charge Net Change Tolerances .............................................. F-17

G. Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Off-Vehicle Charge Capable 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles. .................................................................................. G-1

1. Electric Dynamometer. ........................................................................... G-1

2. Vehicle and Battery Break-In Period. ..................................................... G-1

3. General Testing Requirements. ............................................................. G-1

4. Determination of the Emissions of the Fuel-fired Heater. ....................... G-2

5. Urban Test Provisions for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles. ................................................................................................ G-2

6. Highway Test Provisions for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles. .............................................................................................. G-11

7. SFTP Emission Test Provisions for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles. ................................................................................. G-15

8. 50oF and 20oF Test Provision for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles. ................................................................................. G-20
As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

 

9. Additional Provisions............................................................................ G-22

10. State-of-Charge Net Change Tolerances. ............................................ G-23

11. Calculations – Equivalent All-Electric Range for Off-Vehicle Charge 

Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles. ........................................................ G-25

12. The Calculations of the Combined Green House Gas Regulatory Rating of 

Off-vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles .......................... G-29

H. Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicle Exhaust Emission Test 

Sequence. .......................................................................................................... H-1

I. Examples of Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicle 

Terminology. ........................................................................................................ I-1

J. Advanced Technology Demonstration Program data requirements............... J-1

1. Project Description ........................................................................................ J-1

2. Vehicle data ................................................................................................... J-1

3. Vehicle specifications .................................................................................... J-1
B-4-A-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

 CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 

 2018 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND 

 HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES, IN THE PASSENGER CAR, 

 LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES 

A. Applicability 

The emission standards and test procedures in this document are applicable to 

2018 and subsequent model-year zero-emission passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty vehicles, and 2018 and subsequent model-year hybrid electric passenger 

cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles. The general procedures and 

requirements necessary to certify a vehicle for sale in California are contained in the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent 

Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles” (hereinafter 

“LDV/MDV TPs”), and apply except as amended herein. 
B-4-B-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

B. Definitions and Terminology. 

1. Definitions. 

In addition to the following, these test procedures incorporate by reference the 

definitions and abbreviations set forth in the Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 

§86.1803-01, the definitions and abbreviations set forth in the LDV/MDV TPs, and the 

definitions set forth in section 1900, title 13, CCR. 

“Advanced technology PZEV” or “AT PZEV” means any PZEV with an 

allowance greater than 0.2 before application of the PZEV early introduction phase-in 

multiplier. 

“All-Electric Range” or “AER” means the total miles driven electrically (with the 

engine off) before the engine turns on for the first time, after the battery has been fully 

charged. 

“All-Electric Range (AER) Test” means a test sequence used to determine the 

range of an electric vehicle or of a hybrid electric vehicle without the use of its auxiliary 

power unit. The All-Electric Range Test cycle consists of the Highway Fuel Economy 

Schedule and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (see section E of these test 

procedures). 

“Alternate Continuous Urban Test Schedule” means a series of the following 

sequence: UDDS, 10 minute key-off hot soak, UDDS, and 10-20 minute key-off hot 

soak. This alternate procedure may be substituted for the Continuous Urban Test 

Schedule when the Continuous Urban Test Schedule cannot be performed. 

“Alternate Continuous Highway Test Schedule” means a series of the 

following sequence: HFEDS, 15 second key-on pause, HFEDS, and 10-20 minute keyoff hot soak or a 15 second key-on pause. This alternate procedure may be substituted 

for the Continuous Highway Test Schedule when the Continuous Highway Test 

Schedule cannot be performed. 

“Auxiliary power unit” or “APU” means a device that converts consumable 

fuel energy into mechanical or electrical energy. Some examples of auxiliary power 

units are internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or fuel cells. For the purposes of 

range extended battery electric vehicles, auxiliary power unit means any device that 

provides electrical or mechanical energy, meeting the requirements of subdivision 

C.3.2, to a BEVx, after the zero emission range has been fully depleted. A fuel fired 

heater does not qualify under this definition for an APU. 

“Battery electric vehicle” or “BEV” means any vehicle that operates solely by 

use of a battery or battery pack, or that is powered primarily through the use of an 

electric battery or battery pack but uses a flywheel or capacitor that stores energy 

produced by the electric motor or through regenerative braking to assist in vehicle 

operation. 

“Battery or Battery pack” means any electrical energy storage device 

consisting of any number of individual battery modules or cells that is used to propel a 

battery electric or hybrid electric vehicle. These terms may also generically refer to 

capacitor and flywheel energy storage devices in the context of hybrid electric vehicles. 
B-4-B-2 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

“Battery state-of-charge” means the quantity of electrical energy remaining in 

the battery relative to the maximum rated capacity of the battery expressed in percent. 

“Blended off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle” means an offvehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle that uses the engine to supplement 

battery/electric motor power during charge depleting operation. 

“Blended operation mode” means an operating mode in which the energy 

storage state-of-charge decreases, on average, while the vehicle is driven and the 

engine is used occasionally to support power requests. 

“Charge-depleting net energy consumption” means the net electrical energy, 

Ecd, measured in watt-hours consumed by vehicle over the charge depleting cycle 

range, Rcdc. Ecd can be expressed as AC or DC watt hours, where appropriate. 

“Charge-depleting (CD) mode” means an operating mode in which the energy 

storage state-of-charge (SOC) may fluctuate but, on average, decreases while the 

vehicle is driven. Hybrid electric vehicles are required to be classified as either chargesustaining or charge-depleting over each driving cycle (i.e. UDDS, HFEDS, US06, or 

SC03). 

“Charge depleting actual range” or “Rcda” means the distance traveled on the 

Urban Charge Depleting Test Procedure at which the state-of-charge is first equal to the 

average state-of-charge of the two consecutive UDDS used to end the Urban Charge 

Depleting Test Procedure. This range must be reported to the nearest 0.1 miles. (See 

section F.11.9.) 

“Charge depleting actual range, highway” or “Rcdah” means the distance 

traveled on the Highway Charge Depleting Test Procedure at which the state-of-charge 

is first equal to the average state-of-charge of the HFEDS used to end the Highway 

Charge Depleting Test Procedure. This range must be reported to the nearest 0.1 

miles. 

“Charge depleting cycle range” or “Rcdc” means the distance traveled on the 

Urban or Highway Charge Depleting Procedure up to the test cycle prior to where the 

state-of-charge is above the lower bound state-of-charge tolerance for one test cycle. 

This range will appear as the sum of a discrete number of test cycle distances. This 

range shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 miles. (See section F.11.8.) 

“Charge-sustaining net energy consumption” means the net electrical 

energy, Ecs, measured in watt-hours consumed by vehicle during charge sustaining 

operation. For charge sustaining operation, this number should be ~ 0. 

“Charge-sustaining (CS) mode” means an operating mode in which the energy 

storage SOC may fluctuate but, on average, is maintained at a certain level while the 

vehicle is driven. Hybrid electric vehicles are required to be classified as either chargesustaining or charge-depleting over each driving cycle (i.e. UDDS, HFEDS, US06, or 

SC03). 

“Consumable fuel” means any solid, liquid, or gaseous matter that releases 

energy when consumed by an auxiliary power unit. 

“Continuous Urban Test Schedule” means a repeated series comprised of an 

Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedules (UDDS), 40 CFR, Part 86, Appendix I, which is 

incorporated herein by reference; each test is followed by a 10 minute key-off soak 

period. 

“Continuous Highway Test Schedule” means a repeated series comprised of 
B-4-B-3 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

four consecutive key-on Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedules (HFEDS) with a 15 

second key-on pause in-between each HFEDS. If this schedule cannot be performed 

continuously, a key-off soak up to 30 minutes is permitted after every fourth HFEDS. 

“Continuous US06 Test Schedule” means a repeated series of US06 driving 

schedules (US06) with a key-on idle period of not less than one minute and not greater 

than two minutes between each US06. 

“Conventional rounding method” means to increase the last digit to be retained 

when the following digit is five or greater. Retain the last digit as is when the following 

digit is four or less. 

“Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits” means credits earned under section 

1962 and 1962.1 by delivery for sale of PZEVs and AT PZEVs, discounted according to 

subdivision C.7.2(f). 

“East Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states east of the 

Mississippi River. 

“Electric drive system” means an electric motor and associated power 

electronics, which provide acceleration torque to the drive wheels sometime during 

normal vehicle operation. This does not include components that could act as a motor, 

but are configured to act only as a generator or engine starter in a particular vehicle 

application. 

“Electric range fraction” means the fraction of electrical energy derived from 

off-vehicle charging and regenerative braking energy relative to total traction energy 

used over the charge depletion range on a specified drive cycle. 

“Energy storage device” means a storage device able to provide the minimum 

power and energy storage capability to enable engine stop/start capability, traction 

boost, regenerative braking, and (nominal) charge sustaining mode driving capability. 

In the case of TZEVs, a minimum range threshold relative to certified, new-vehicle 

range capability is not specified or required.

“Enhanced AT PZEV” means any model year 2009 through 2011 PZEV that 

has an allowance of 1.0 or greater per vehicle without multipliers and makes use of a 

ZEV fuel. Enhanced AT PZEV means Transitional Zero Emission Vehicle. 

“Equivalent all-electric range” or “EAER” means the portion of the total 

charge depleting range attributable to the use of electricity from the battery over the 

charge depleting range test.

“Fuel cell vehicle” or “FCV” means any vehicle that receives propulsion solely 

from an onboard fuel cell power system. 

“Fuel-fired heater” means a fuel burning device that creates heat for the 

purpose of warming the passenger compartment of a vehicle but does not contribute to 

the propulsion of the vehicle. 

“Grid-connected hybrid electric vehicle” means a hybrid electric vehicle that 

has the capacity for the battery to be recharged from an off-board source of electricity 

and has some all-electric range.

“Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule” or “HFEDS” means highway fuel 

economy driving schedule. See 40 CFR Part 600 §600.109(b). 

“Hybrid electric vehicle” or “HEV” means any vehicle that can draw propulsion 

energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy: 1) a consumable 

fuel and 2) an energy storage device such as a battery, capacitor, or flywheel. 
B-4-B-4 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

“Hybrid fuel cell vehicle” or “HFCV” means any vehicle that receives 

propulsion energy from both an onboard fuel cell power system and either a battery or a 

capacitor. 

 “Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle” means a ZEV that is fueled primarily by hydrogen, 

but may also have off-vehicle charge capability. 

 “Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle” means a TZEV that is fueled 

exclusively by hydrogen. 

 “Majority ownership situations” means when one manufacturer owns another 

manufacturer more than 33.4%, for determination of size under CCR Section 1900. 

 “Manufacturer US PC and LDT Sales” means a manufacturer’s total passenger 

car and light duty truck (up to 8,500 pounds loaded vehicle weight) sales sold in the 

United States of America in a given model year. 

“Neighborhood Electric Vehicle” or “NEV” means a motor vehicle that meets 

the definition of “low-speed vehicle” either in section 385.5 of the Vehicle Code or in 49 

CFR §571.500 (July 1, 2000), and is certified to zero-emission vehicle standards. 

“NIST” means the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 

“Off-vehicle charge capable” means having the capability to charge a battery 

from an off-vehicle electric energy source that cannot be connected or coupled to the 

vehicle in any manner while the vehicle is being driven. A grid-connected hybrid electric 

vehicle is one example of an off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle. 

“Placed in service” means having been sold or leased to an end-user and not 

just to a dealer or other distribution chain entity, and having been individually registered 

for on-road use by the California Department of Motor Vehicles. 

“Proportional value” means the ratio of a manufacturer’s California applicable 

sales volume to the manufacturer’s Section 177 state applicable sales volume. In any 

given model year, the same applicable sale volume calculation method must be used to 

calculate proportional value. 

“Partial Zero Emission Vehicle” or “PZEV” means any vehicle that is 

delivered for sale in California and that qualifies for a partial ZEV allowance of at least 

0.2, under section 1962.1. 

“Range Extended Battery Electric Vehicle” or “BEVx” means a vehicle 

powered predominantly by a zero emission energy storage device, able to drive the 

vehicle for more than 75 all-electric miles, and also equipped with a backup APU, which 

does not operate until the energy storage device is fully depleted, and meeting 

requirements in subdivision C.4.5(g),

“Regenerative braking” means the partial recovery of the energy normally 

dissipated into friction braking that is returned as electrical current to an energy storage 

device. 

“SAE J2572” means the “Recommended Practice for Measuring Fuel 

Consumption and Range of Fuel Cell and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles Fuelled by 

Compressed Gaseous Hydrogen,” as published by the Society of Automotive Engineers 

in October, 2008. 

“Section 177 State” means a state that is administering the California ZEV 

requirements pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507). 

“SC03” means the U.S. EPA SC03 driving schedule representing vehicle 

operation with air conditioning, as set forth in Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 86. 
B-4-B-5 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

“State of Charge (SOC) Net Change Tolerance” means the state-of-charge net 

change tolerance that is applied to the SOC Criterion for charge-sustaining hybrid 

electric vehicles when validating an emission test. See section E.9 and F.10 of these 

procedures for tolerance specifications. 

“State of Charge (SOC) Criterion” means the state-of-charge criterion that is 

applied to a charge-sustaining hybrid electric vehicle to validate an emission test. The 

SOC Criterion requires that no net change in battery energy occurs over a given test 

cycle, i.e. the final battery state-of-charge that is recorded at the end of the emission 

test must be equivalent to the initial battery state-of-charge that is set at the beginning 

of the emission test. The SOC Net Change Tolerance shall be applied to the SOC 

Criterion. 

“Transitional Zero Emission Vehicle” or “TZEV” means a PZEV that has an 

allowance of 1.0 or greater, and makes use of a ZEV fuel. 

 “US06” means the US06 driving schedule for aggressive driving as set forth in 

Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 86. 

“UDDS” means urban dynamometer driving schedule as set forth Appendix I of 

40 CFR Part 86. 

“West Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states west of the 

Mississippi River. 

“Zero-emission vehicle” or “ZEV” means a vehicle that produces zero exhaust 

emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) or greenhouse gas under any 

possible operational modes or conditions. 

“Zero-emission Vehicle Miles Traveled” or “zero emission VMT” means the 

vehicle miles traveled with zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor 

pollutant). 

“ZEV fuel” means a fuel that provides traction energy in on-road ZEVs. 

Examples of current technology ZEV fuels include electricity, hydrogen, and 

compressed air. 
B-4-B-6 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

2. Terminology. 

 Abbreviation Units 

Charge Depleting Actual Range (urban cycle) Rcda mi 

Charge Depleting to Charge Sustaining Range Rcdcs mi 

Charge Depleting Net Energy Consumption Ecd wh 

Charge Depleting CO2 Produced Mcd g/mi 

Charge Sustaining CO2 Produced Mcs g/mi 

Highway Charge Depleting Actual Range Rcdah mi 

Highway Charge Depleting Cycle Range Rcdch mi 

Highway Electric Range Fraction ERFh % 

Highway Equivalent All-Electric Range EAERh mi 

Highway Equivalent All-Electric Range Energy 

Consumption 

EAERECh wh/mi 

Urban Charge Depleting Cycle Range Rcdcu mi 

Urban Electric Range Fraction ERFu % 

Urban Equivalent All-Electric Range EAERu mi 

Urban Equivalent All-Electric Range scaled to 40 mi 

limit 

EAERu40 mi 

Urban Equivalent All-Electric Range Energy 

Consumption 

EAERECu wh/mi 
B-4-C-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

C. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards. 

 

1. ZEV Emission Standard. The Executive Officer shall certify new 2018 

and subsequent passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles as ZEVs if 

the vehicles produce zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor 

pollutant) or greenhouse gas, excluding emissions from air conditioning systems, under 

any and all possible operational modes and conditions. 

2. Percentage ZEV Requirements 

2.1 General Percentage ZEV Requirement. 

(a) Basic Requirement. The minimum percentage ZEV requirement for each 

manufacturer is listed in the table below as the percentage of the PCs and LDT1s, and 

LDT2s to the extent required by subdivision C.2.2(c), produced by the manufacturer and 

delivered for sale in California that must be ZEVs, subject to the conditions in 

subdivision C.2.2. The ZEV requirement will be based on the annual NMOG production 

report for the appropriate model year. 

Model Year Credit Percentage Requirement 

2018 4.5% 

2019 7.0% 

2020 9.5% 

2021 12.0% 

2022 14.5% 

2023 17.0% 

2024 19.5% 

2025 and subsequent 22.0% 

(b) Calculating the Number of Vehicles to Which the Percentage ZEV 

Requirement is Applied. For 2018 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer’s 

production volume for the given model year will be based on the three-year average of 

the manufacturer’s volume of PCs and LDTs, produced and delivered for sale in 

California in the prior second, third, and fourth model year [for example, 2019 model 

year ZEV requirements will be based on California production volume average of PCs 

and LDTs for the 2015 to 2017 model years]. This production averaging is used to 

determine ZEV requirements only, and has no effect on a manufacturer’s size 

determination (eg. three-year average calculation method). In applying the ZEV 

requirement, a PC or LDT, that is produced by one manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer A), 

but is marketed in California by another manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer B) under the 

other manufacturer’s (Manufacturer B) nameplate, shall be treated as having been 

produced by the marketing manufacturer (i.e., Manufacturer B). 

 (1) [Reserved] 

(2) [Reserved] 
B-4-C-2 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(3) A manufacturer may apply to the Executive Officer to be permitted 

to base its ZEV obligation on the number of PCs and LDTs, produced by the 

manufacturer and delivered for sale in California that same model year (ie, same modelyear calculation method) as an alternative to the three-year averaging of prior year 

production described above, for up to two model years, total, between model year 2018 

and model year 2025. For the same model-year calculation method to be allowed, a 

manufacturer’s application to the Executive Officer must show that their volume of PCs 

and LDTs produced and delivered for sale in California has decreased by at least 30 

percent from the previous year due to circumstances that were unforeseeable and 

beyond their control. 

(c) [Reserved] 

 (d) Exclusion of ZEVs in Determining a Manufacturer’s Sales Volume. In 

calculating a manufacturer’s applicable sales, using either method described in 

subdivision C.2.1(b), a manufacturer shall exclude the number of NEVs produced and 

delivered for sale in California by the manufacturer itself, or by a subsidiary in which the 

manufacturer has more than 33.4% percent ownership interest. 

2.2 Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers. 

(a) [Reserved] 

(b) [Reserved]

(c) [Reserved] 

 

(d) [Reserved]

(e) Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers in 2018 and through 2025 

Model Years. LVMs must produce credits from ZEVs equal to minimum ZEV floor 

percentage requirement, as enumerated below. Manufacturers may fulfill the remaining 

ZEV requirement with credits from TZEVs, as enumerated below. 

Model Years 

Total ZEV 

Percent 

Requirement

Minimum 

ZEV floor TZEVs 

2018 4.5% 2.0% 2.5% 

2019 7.0% 4.0% 3.0% 

2020 9.5% 6.0% 3.5% 

2021 12.0% 8.0% 4.0% 

2022 14.5% 10.0% 4.5% 

2023 17.0% 12.0% 5.0% 

2024 19.5% 14.0% 5.5% 
B-4-C-3 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

2025 22.0% 16.0% 6.0% 

 (f) Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers in Model Year 2026 and 

Subsequent. In 2026 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer must meet a total 

ZEV credit percentage of 22%. The maximum portion of a manufacturer’s credit 

percentage requirement that may be satisfied by TZEV credits is limited to 6% of the 

manufacturer’s applicable California PC and LDT production volume. ZEV credits must 

satisfy the remainder of the manufacturer’s requirement. 

2.3 Requirements for Intermediate Volume Manufacturers. For 2018 and 

subsequent model years, an intermediate volume manufacturer may meet all of its ZEV 

credit percentage requirement, under subdivision C.2, with credits from TZEV. 

2.4 Requirements for Small Volume Manufacturers and Independent Low 

Volume Manufacturers. A small volume manufacturer is not required to meet the ZEV 

credit percentage requirements. However, a small volume manufacturer may earn, 

bank, market, and trade credits for the ZEVs and TZEVs it produces and delivers for 

sale in California. 

2.5 [Reserved]

2.6 [Reserved] 

2.7 Changes in Small Volume, Independent Low Volume, and 

Intermediate Volume Manufacturer Status. 

(a) Increases in California Production Volume. In 2018 and subsequent 

model years, if a small volume manufacturer’s average California production volume 

exceeds 4,500 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average number of 

vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive model years 

(i.e., total production volume exceeds 13,500 vehicles in a three-year period), for three 

consecutive averages, the manufacturer shall no longer be treated as a small volume 

manufacturer, and must comply with the ZEV requirements for intermediate volume 

manufacturers beginning with the next model year after the last model year of the third 

consecutive average. For example, if (a small volume) Manufacturer A exceeds 4,500 

PCs, LDTs, and MDVs for their 2018 – 2020, 2019 – 2021, and 2020 – 2022 model year 

averages, Manufacturer A would be subject to intermediate volume requirements 

starting in 2023 model year. 

If an intermediate volume manufacturer’s average California production 

volume exceeds 20,000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average 

number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive 

model years (i.e., total production volume exceeds 60,000 vehicles in a three-year 

period), for three consecutive averages, the manufacturer shall no longer be treated as 

an intermediate volume manufacturer and shall comply with the ZEV requirements for 
B-4-C-4 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

large volume manufacturers beginning with the next model year after the last model 

year of the third consecutive average. For example, if (an intermediate volume) 

Manufacturer B exceeds 20,000 PCs, LDTs, and MDVs for its 2018 – 2020, 2019 – 

2021, and 2020 – 2022 average, Manufacturer B would be subject to large volume 

manufacturer requirements starting in 2023 model year. 

Any new requirement described in the this subdivision will begin with the 

next model year after the last model year of the third consecutive average when a 

manufacturer ceases to be a small or intermediate volume manufacturer in 2018 or 

subsequent years due to the aggregation requirements in majority ownership situations. 

(b) Decreases in California Production Volume. If a manufacturer’s 

average California production volume falls below 4,500 or 20,000 units of new PCs, 

LDT1 and 2s, and MDVs, based on the average number of vehicles produced and 

delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive model years, for three consecutive 

averages, the manufacturer shall be treated as a small volume or intermediate volume 

manufacturer, as applicable, and shall be subject to the requirements for a small volume 

or intermediate volume manufacturer beginning with the next model year. For example, 

if Manufacturer C falls below 20,000 PCs, LDTs, and MDVs for its 2019 – 2021, 2020 – 

2022, and 2021 – 2023 averages, Manufacturer C would be subject to IVM 

requirements starting in 2024 model year. 

(c) Calculating California Production Volume in Change of Ownership 

Situations. Where a manufacturer experiences a change in ownership in a particular 

model year, the change will affect application of the aggregation requirements on the 

manufacturer starting with the next model year. When a manufacturer is simultaneously 

producing two model years of vehicles at the time of a change of ownership, the basis 

of determining next model year must be the earlier model year. The manufacturer’s 

small or intermediate volume manufacturer status for the next model year shall be 

based on the average California production volume in the three previous consecutive 

model years of those manufacturers whose production volumes must be aggregated for 

that next model year. For example, where a change of ownership during the 2019 

calendar year occurs and the manufacturer is producing both 2019 and 2020 model 

year vehicles results in a requirement that the production volume of Manufacturer A be 

aggregated with the production volume of Manufacturer B, Manufacturer A’s status for 

the 2020 model year will be based on the production volumes of Manufacturers A and B 

in the 2017 – 2019 model years. Where the production volume of Manufacturer A must 

be aggregated with the production volumes of Manufacturers B and C for the 2019 

model year, and during that model year a change in ownership eliminates the 

requirement that Manufacturer B’s production volume be aggregated with Manufacturer 

A’s, Manufacturer A’s status for the 2020 model year will be based on the production 

volumes of Manufacturers A and C in the 2017 – 2019 model years. In either case, the 

lead time provisions in subdivisions 1962.2(b)(7)(A) and (B) will apply. 
B-4-C-5 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

3. Transitional Zero Emission Vehicles (TZEV).

3.1 Introduction. This subdivision C.3 sets forth the criteria for identifying 

vehicles delivered for sale in California as TZEVs. 

3.2 TZEV Requirements. In order for a vehicle to be eligible to receive a 

ZEV allowance, the manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with all of the following 

requirements: 

(a) SULEV Standards. Certify the vehicle to the 150,000-mile SULEV 20 or 

30 exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 1961.2(a)(1). Bi-fuel, 

fuel flexible and dual-fuel vehicles must certify to the applicable 150,000-mile SULEV 20 

or 30 exhaust emission standards when operating on both fuels. Manufacturers may 

certify 2018 and 2019 TZEVs to the 150,000-mile SULEV exhaust emission standards 

for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 1961(a)(1); 

(b) Evaporative Emissions. Certify the vehicle to the evaporative emission 

standards in subdivision 1976(b)(1)(G) . Manufacturers may certify 2018 and 2019 

TZEVs to the evaporative standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 1976(b)(1)(E; 

(c) OBD. Certify that the vehicle will meet the applicable on-board diagnostic 

requirements in sections 1968.1 or 1968.2, as applicable, for 150,000 miles; and 

(d) Extended Warranty. Extend the performance and defects warranty period 

set forth in subdivisions 2037(b)(2) and 2038(b)(2) to 15 years or 150,000 miles, 

whichever occurs first, except that the time period is to be 10 years for a zero emission 

energy storage device used for traction power (such as a battery, ultracapacitor, or 

other electric storage device). 

 

3.3 Allowances for TZEVs. 

 (a) Zero Emission Vehicle Miles Traveled TZEV Allowance Calculation. A 

vehicle that meets the requirements of subdivision C.3.2 and has zero-emission vehicle 

miles traveled (VMT), as defined by and calculated by this test procedure and measured 

as equivalent all electric range (EAER) capability will generate allowance according to 

the following equation: 

UDDS Test Cycle Range (Rcda) Allowance 

<10 all electric miles 0.00 

≥10 miles range TZEV Credit = [(0.01) * Rcda + 0.30] 

>80 miles (credit cap) 1.10 

(1) Allowance for US06 Capability. TZEVs with US06 all electric range 
B-4-C-6 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

capability (AER) of at least 10 miles shall earn an additional 0.2 allowance. US06 test 

cycle range capability shall be determined in accordance with section E.8 of these test 

procedures. 

(B) [Reserved] 

(C) [Reserved]

(D) [Reserved]

 (e) Credit Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles. A hydrogen 

internal combustion engine vehicle that meets the requirements of subdivision C.3.2 

and has a total range of at least 250 UDDS miles will earn an allowance of 0.75, which 

may be in addition to allowances earned in subdivision C.3.3(a), and subject to an 

overall credit cap of 1.25 

 

4. Qualification for Credits From ZEVs. 

4.1 [Reserved] 

4.2 [Reserved] 

4.3 [Reserved] 

4.4 [Reserved]

4.5 Credits for 2018 and Subsequent Model Years. 

(a) ZEV Credit Calculations. Credits from a ZEV delivered for sale are based 

on the ZEV’s UDDS all electric range, determined in accordance with these test 

procedures using the following equation: 

ZEV Credit = (0.01) * (UDDS range) + 0.50 

 (1) A ZEV with less than 50 miles UDDS range will receive zero credits. 

 (2) Credits earned under this provision C.4.5(a) are be capped at 4 credits per 

ZEV. 

(b) [Reserved] 

(c) [Reserved] 

(d) [Reserved]

(1) Provisions for 2018 through 2025 Model Years. Large volume manufacturers 
B-4-C-7 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from hydrogen fuel cell 

vehicles that are certified to the California ZEV standards applicable for the ZEV’s 

model year, delivered for sale and placed in service in California or in a section 177 

state, may be counted towards compliance in California and in all section 177 states 

with the percentage ZEV requirements in subdivision C.2. The credits earned are 

multiplied by the ratio of a manufacturer’s applicable production volume for a model 

year, as specified in subdivision C.2.1(b), in the state receiving credit to the 

manufacturer’s applicable production volume as specified in subdivision C.2.1(b), for the 

same model year in California(hereafter, “proportional value”). Credits generated from 

ZEV placement in a section 177 state will be earned at the proportional value in the 

section 177 state, and earned in California at the full value specified in subdivision 

C.4.5(a).

 

(2) Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path. 

(A) Reduced ZEV and TZEV Percentages. Large volume manufacturers 

and intermediate volume manufacturers that have fully complied with the optional 

section 177 state compliance path requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. are 

allowed to meet ZEV percentage requirements and optional TZEV percentages reduced 

from the minimum ZEV floor percentages and TZEV percentages in subdivision C.2.2(e) 

in each section 177 state equal to the following percentages of their sales volume 

determined under subdivision 1962.2(b)(1)(B: 

ZEVs 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

Existing Minimum ZEV Floor 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path 62.5% 75% 87.5% 100% 

Minimum Section 177 State ZEV 

Requirement 1.25% 3.00% 5.25% 8.00% 

TZEVs 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

Existing TZEV Percentage 2.50% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00% 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path 90.00% 100% 100% 100% 

New Section 177 State TZEV Percentage 2.25% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00% 

Total Percent Requirement 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

New Total Section 177 State Optional 

Requirements 

3.50% 6.00% 8.75% 12.00%
B-4-C-8 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

1. Trading and Transferring ZEV and TZEV Credits within West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers that have fully 

complied with the optional section 177 state compliance path 

requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may trade or transfer 

specified model year ZEV and TZEV credits within the West Region 

pool to meet the same model year requirements in subdivision 

C.4.5(e)(2)(A) and will incur no premium on their credit values. For 

example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2019 model year 

shortfall of 100 credits in State X, the manufacturer may transfer 

100 (2019 model year) ZEV credits from State Y, within the West 

Region pool. Manufacturers that have fully complied with the 

optional section 177 state compliance path requirements in 

subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may trade or transfer specified model 

year ZEV and TZEV credits within the East Region pool to meet the 

same model year requirements in subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A), and 

will incur no premium on their credit values. For example, for a 

manufacturer to make up a 2019 model year shortfall of 100 credits 

in State W, the manufacturer may transfer 100 (2019 model year) 

ZEV credits from State Z, within the East Region pool. 

2. Trading and Transferring ZEV and TZEV Credits between 

the West Region Pool and the East Region Pool. Manufacturers 

that have fully complied with the optional section 177 state 

compliance path requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may 

trade or transfer specified model year ZEV and TZEV credits to 

meet the same model year requirements in subdivision 

C.4.5(e)(2)(A).a. between the West Region pool and the East 

Region pool; however, any credits traded will incur a premium of 

30% of their value. For example, in order for a manufacturer to 

make up a 2019 model year shortfall of 100 credits in the West 

Region Pool, the manufacturer may transfer 130 (2019 model year) 

credits from the East Region Pool. No credits may be traded or 

transferred to the East Region pool or West Region pool from a 

manufacturer’s California ZEV bank, or from the East Region pool 

or West Region pool to a manufacturer’s California ZEV bank. 

(B) Reporting Requirements. On an annual basis, by May 1st of the 

calendar year following the close of a model year, each manufacturer that elects the 

optional section 177 state compliance path under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3 shall 

submit, in writing, to the Executive Officer and each section 177 state a report, including 

an itemized list, that indicates where vehicles have been placed within the East Region 

pool and within the West Region pool. The itemized list shall include the following:

1. The manufacturer’s total applicable volume of PCs and LDTs 

delivered for sale in each section 177 state within the regional pool, 

as determined under subdivision C.2.1(b). 
B-4-C-9 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

2. Make, model, vehicle identification number, credit earned, 

and section 177 state where delivery for sale of each TZEV and 

ZEV occurred and to meet manufacturer’s requirements under 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A). 

(C) Failure to Meet Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path 

Requirements. A manufacturer that elects the optional section 177 state compliance 

path subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3 and does not meet the modified percentages in 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) in a model year or make up their deficit within the specified 

time and with the specified credits allowed by subdivision C.7.7(a) in all section 177 

states of the applicable pool, shall be treated as subject to the ZEV percentage 

requirements in section C.2 in each section 177 state. The pooling provisions in 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) shall not apply. Any transfers of ZEV or TZEV credits 

between section 177 states will be null and void if a manufacturer fails to comply, and 

ZEV or TZEV credits will return to the section 177 state in which the credits were 

earned. Penalties shall be calculated separately by each section 177 state where a 

manufacturer fails to make up the ZEV deficits by the end of the 2018 model year. 

(D) The provisions of section C shall apply to a manufacturer electing the 

optional section 177 state compliance path, except as specifically modified by this 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2). 

 (f) NEVs. NEVs must meet the following to be eligible for 0.15 credits: 

(1) Specifications. A NEV earns credit when it meets all the following 

specifications: 

(A) Acceleration. The vehicle has a 0-20 mph acceleration of 6.0 

seconds or less when operating with a payload of 332 pounds and starting with the 

battery at a 50% state of charge. 

(B) Top Speed. The vehicle has a minimum top speed of 20 mph when 

operating with a payload of 332 pounds and starting with the battery at a 50% state of 

charge. The vehicle’s top speed shall not exceed 25 mph when tested in accordance 

with 49 CFR 571.500 (68 FR 43972, July 25, 2003). 

(C) Constant Speed Range. The vehicle has a minimum 25 mile range 

when operating at constant top speed with a payload of 332 pounds and starting with 

the battery at 100% state of charge. 

(2) Battery Requirement. A qualifying NEV must be equipped with sealed, 

maintenance-free batteries. 

(3) Warranty Requirement. A NEV drive train, including battery packs, must 

be covered for a period of at least 24 months. The first 6 months of the NEV warranty 
B-4-C-10 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

period must be covered by a full warranty; the remaining warranty period may be 

optional extended warranties (available for purchase) and may be prorated. If the 

extended warranty is prorated, the percentage of the battery pack's original value to be 

covered or refunded must be at least as high as the percentage of the prorated 

coverage period still remaining. For the purpose of this computation, the age of the 

battery pack must be expressed in intervals no larger than three months. Alternatively, 

a manufacturer may cover 50 percent of the original value of the battery pack for the full 

period of the extended warranty. 

Prior to allowance approval, the Executive Officer may request that the 

manufacturer provide copies of representative vehicle and battery warranties. 

 

(5) NEV Charging Requirements. A NEV must meet charging connection 

standard portion of the requirements specified in subdivision 1962.3(c)(2). 

 (g) BEVx. A BEVx must meet the following in order to receive credit, based 

on its zero emission UDDS range, through subdivision C.4.5(a): 

 (1) Emissions Requirements. BEVxs must meet all TZEV requirements, 

specified in subdivision C.3.2 (a) through (d). 

 (2) APU Operation. The vehicle’s UDDS range after the APU first starts and 

enters “charge sustaining hybrid operation” must be less than or equal to the vehicle’s 

UDDS all-electric test range prior to APU start. The vehicle’s APU cannot start under 

any user-selectable driving mode unless the energy storage system used for traction 

power is fully depleted. 

(3) Minimum Zero Emission Range Requirements. BEVxs must have a 

minimum of 75 miles UDDS zero emission range. 

5. [Reserved] 

6. [Reserved] 

7. Generation and Use of ZEV Credits; Calculation of Penalties

7.1 Introduction. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in 

California ZEVs or TZEVs in a given model year exceeding the manufacturer’s ZEV 

requirement set forth in subdivision C.2 shall earn ZEV credits in accordance with this 

subdivision C.2. 

7.2 ZEV Credit Calculations. 

 (a) Credits from ZEVs. The amount of credits earned by a manufacturer in a 

given model year from ZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, and shall be equal to 

the number of credits from ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California that the 
B-4-C-11 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV requirements, or, if applicable, 

requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) for the model year subtracted 

from the number of ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California by the 

manufacturer in the model year. 

 (b) Credits from TZEVs. The amount of credits earned by a manufacturer in a 

given model year from TZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, and shall be equal 

to the total number of TZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California that the 

manufacturer applies towards meeting its ZEV requirement, or, if applicable, 

requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) for the model year subtracted 

from the total number of ZEV allowances from TZEVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California by the manufacturer in the model year. 

(c) Separate Credit Accounts. Credits from a manufacturer’s ZEVs, BEVxs, 

TZEVs, and NEVs shall each be maintained in separate accounts. 

(d) Rounding Credits. ZEV credits and debits shall be rounded to the nearest 

1/100th only on the final credit and debit totals using the conventional rounding method. 

7.3 ZEV Credits for MDVs and LDTs Other Than LDT1s. Credits from 

ZEVs and TZEVs classified as MDVs, may be counted toward the ZEV requirement for 

PCs and LDTs, and included in the calculation of ZEV credits as specified in this 

subdivision C.7 if the manufacturer so specifies. 

7.4 ZEV Credits for Advanced Technology Demonstration Programs. 

(a) [Reserved] 

(b) ZEVs. ZEVs, including BEVxs, excluding NEVs, placed in a small or 

intermediate volume manufacturer’s California advanced technology demonstration 

program for a period of two or more years, may earn ZEV credits even if the vehicle is 

not “delivered for sale” or registered with the California DMV. To earn such credits, the 

manufacturer must demonstrate to the reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer 

that the vehicles will be regularly used in applications appropriate to evaluate issues 

related to safety, infrastructure, fuel specifications or public education, and that for 50 

percent or more of the first two years of placement the vehicle will be operated in 

California. Such a vehicle is eligible to receive the same credit that it would have 

earned if delivered for sale, and for fuel cell vehicles, placed in service. To determine 

vehicle credit, the model year designation for a demonstration vehicle shall be 

consistent with the model year designation for conventional vehicles placed in the same 

timeframe. Manufacturers may earn credit for up to 25 vehicles per model, per section 

177 state, per year under this 

 
B-4-C-12 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

7.5 ZEV Credits for Transportation Systems. 

(a) [Reserved]

(b) [Reserved]

(c) Cap on Use of Transportation System Credits. 

(1) ZEVs. Transportation system credits earned or allocated by ZEVs or 

BEVxs pursuant to subdivision 1962.1 (g)(5), not including any credits earned by the 

vehicle itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s ZEV obligation 

in any given model year, and may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s 

ZEV obligation which must be met with ZEVs, as specified in subdivision C.2.2(e) , or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A). 

(2) TZEVs. Transportation system credits earned or allocated by TZEVs 

pursuant to subdivision 1962.1(g)(5), not including all credits earned by the vehicle 

itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of the portion of a manufacturer’s ZEV 

obligation that may be met with TZEVs or, if applicable, the portion of a manufacturer’s 

obligation that may be met with TZEVs specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) in any 

given model year, but may only be used in the same manner as other credits earned by 

vehicles of that category. 

7.6 Use of ZEV Credits. A manufacturer may meet the ZEV requirements in 

a given model year by submitting to the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of 

ZEV credits, consistent with subdivision C.2. Credits in each of the categories may be 

used to meet the requirement for that category as well as the requirements for lesser 

credit earning ZEV categories, but shall not be used to meet the requirement for a 

greater credit earning ZEV category, except for discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits. 

For example, credits produced from TZEVs may be used to comply with the portion of 

the requirement that may be met with credits from TZEV, but not with the portion that 

must be satisfied with credits from ZEVs. These credits may be earned previously by 

the manufacturer or acquired from another party. 

(a) Use of Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV Credits and NEV Credits. For 

model years 2018 through 2025, discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits, and NEV 

credits may be used to satisfy up to one-quarter of the portion of a manufacturer’s 

requirement that can be met with credits from TZEVs or, if applicable, the portion of a 

manufacturer’s obligation that may be met with TZEVs specified under subdivision 

C.4.5(e)(2)(A). Intermediate volume manufacturers may fulfill their entire requirement 

with discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits, and NEV credits in model years 2018 and 

2019. These credits may be earned previously by the manufacturer or acquired from 

another party. Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits may no longer be used after 

model year 2025 compliance. 
B-4-C-13 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

 (b) Use of BEVx Credits. BEVx credits may be used to satisfy up to 50% of 

the portion of a manufacturer’s requirement that must be met with ZEV credits. 

 (c) GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. 

(1) Application. Manufacturers may apply to the Executive Officer, no later 

than December 31, 2016, to be eligible for this subdivision C.7.6(c), based on the 

following qualifications: 

(A) A manufacturer must have no model year 2017 compliance 

debits and no outstanding debits from all previous model year 

compliance with sections 1961.1 and 1961.3, and 

(B) A manufacturer must have no model year 2017 compliance 

debits and no outstanding debits from all previous model year 

compliance with section 1962.1, and 

(C) A manufacturer must submit documentation of its projected 

product plans to show over compliance with the manufacturer’s 

section 1961.3 requirements by at least 2.0 gCO2/mile in each 

model year through the entire 2018 through 2021 model year 

period. 

 (2) Credit Generation and Calculation. Manufacturers must calculate their 

over compliance with section 1961.3 requirements for model years 2018 through 2021 

based on compliance with the previous model year standard. For example, to generate 

credits for this subdivision C.7.6(c) for model year 2018, manufacturers would calculate 

credits based on model year 2017 compliance with section 1961.3. 

(A) At least 2.0 gCO2/mile over compliance with section 1961.3 

is required in each year and the following equation must be used to 

calculate the amount of ZEV credits earned for purposes of this 

subdivision C.7.6(c): 

[(Manufacturer US PC and LDT Sales) x (gCO2/mile below 

manufacturer GHG standard for a given model year)] / (Manufacturer 

GHG standard for a given model year) 

(B) Credits earned under section 1961.3(a)(9) may not be 

included in the calculation of gCO2/mile credits for use in the above 

equation in subdivision (A). 

(C) Banked gCO2/mile credits earned under 1961.1 and 1961.3 

from previous model years or from other manufacturers may not be 

included in the calculation of gCO2/mile credits for use in the above 

equation in subdivision (A). 
B-4-C-14 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

 (3) Use of GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. A manufacturer may use no 

more than the percentage enumerated in the table below to meet either the total ZEV 

requirement nor the portion of their ZEV requirement that must be met with ZEV credits, 

with credits earned under this subdivision C.7.6(c). 

Credits earned in any given model year under this subdivision C.7.6(c) may only be 

used in the applicable model year and may not be used in any other model year. 

Credits calculated under this provision must also be removed from the GHG compliance 

bank, and cannot be banked for future compliance toward section 1961.3. 

(4) Reporting Requirements. Annually, manufacturers are required to submit 

calculations of credits for this subdivision C.7.6(c) for the model year, any remaining 

credits/debits from previous model years under 1961.3, and projected credits/debits for 

future years through 2021 under 1961.3 and this subdivision C.7.6(c). 

If a manufacturer, who has been granted the ability to generate credits under this 

subdivision C.7.6(c), fails to over comply by at least 2.0 gCO2/mile in any one year, the 

manufacturer will be subject to the full ZEV requirements for the model year and future 

model years, and will not be able to earn credits for any other model year under this 

subdivision C.7.6(c). 

(5) If the Executive Officer does not make a determination that a Federal 

greenhouse gas fleet standard is functionally equivalent to subdivision 1961.3, than this 

subdivision C.7.6(c)(1) through (4) is unavailable for use by any manufacturer. 

7.7 Requirement to Make Up a ZEV Deficit. 

(a) General. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in 

California fewer ZEVs than required in a given model year shall make up the deficit by 

the next model year by submitting to the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of 

ZEV credits. The amount of ZEV credits required to be submitted shall be calculated by 

[i] adding the number of credits from ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California 

by the manufacturer for the model year to the number of credits from TZEVs produced 

and delivered for sale in California by the manufacturer for the model year (for a LVM, 

not to exceed that permitted under subdivision C.2.2), and [ii] subtracting that total from 

the number of credits required to be produced and delivered for sale in California by the 

manufacturer for the model year. BEVx, TZEV, NEV, or converted AT PZEV and PZEV 

credits are not allowed to be used to fulfill a manufacturer’s ZEV deficit; only credits 

from ZEVs may be used to fulfill a manufacturer’s ZEV deficit. 

7.8 Penalty for Failure to Meet ZEV Requirements. Any manufacturer that fails to 

produce and deliver for sale in California the required number of ZEVs and submit an 

appropriate amount of credits and does not make up ZEV deficits within the specified 

2018 2019 2020 2021 

50% 50% 40% 30% 
B-4-C-15 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

time allowed by subdivision C.7.7(a) shall be subject to the Health and Safety Code 

section 43211 civil penalty applicable to a manufacturer that sells a new motor vehicle 

that does not meet the applicable emission standards adopted by the state board. The 

cause of action shall be deemed to accrue when the ZEV deficit is not balanced by the 

end of the specified time allowed by subdivision 1962.2(g)(7)(A). For the purposes of 

Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number of vehicles not meeting the state 

board’s standards shall be equal to the manufacturer’s credit deficit, rounded to the 

nearest 1/100th, calculated according to the following equation, provided that the 

percentage of a manufacturer’s ZEV requirement for a given model year that may be 

satisfied with TZEVs or credit from such vehicles may not exceed the percentages 

permitted under subdivision C.2.2:: 

(No. of ZEV credits required to be generated for the model year) – (Amount of 

credits submitted for compliance for the model year) 

8. Severability. Each provision of these standards and test procedures is 

severable, and in the event that any provision of these standards and test procedures is 

held to be invalid, the remainder of the standards and test procedures remains in full 

force and effect. 

9. Public Disclosure. Records in the Board’s possession for the vehicles 

subject to the requirements of section C shall be subject to disclosure as public records 

as follows: 

(a) Each manufacturer’s annual production data and the corresponding credits 

per vehicle earned for ZEVs (including ZEV type), TZEVs, AT PZEVs, and PZEVs for 

the 2018 and subsequent model years; and 

(b) Each manufacturer’s annual credit balances for 2018 and subsequent 

years for: 

 

 (1) Each type of vehicle: ZEVs (minus NEVs), BEVx, NEV, TZEV, and 

discounted AT PZEV and PZEV credits; and 

(2) Advanced technology demonstration programs; and 

(3) Transportation systems; and 

(4) Credits earned under section C.4.4(c), including credits acquired from, or 

transferred to another party, and the parties themselves. 

 
C-4-D-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

D. Certification Requirements. 

1. Durability and Emission Testing Requirements. All ZEVs, excluding 

Type I.5x and Type IIx vehicles, are exempt from all mileage and service accumulation, 

durability-data vehicle, and emission-data vehicle testing requirements. 

2. Information Requirements: Application for Certification. Except as 

noted below, the Part I (40 CFR §86.1843-01(c)) certification application shall include 

the following: 

2.1 Identification and description of the vehicle(s) covered by the application. 

2.2 Identification of the vehicle weight category to which the vehicle is 

certifying: PC, LDT 0-3750 lbs. LVW, LDT 3751-5750 lbs. LVW, LDT 3751 lbs. LVW - 

8500 lbs. GVW, or MDV (state test weight range), and the curb weight and gross 

vehicle weight rating of the vehicle. 

2.3 Identification and description of the propulsion system for the vehicle. 

2.4 Identification and description of the climate control system used on the 

vehicle. 

2.5 Projected number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale in 

California, and projected California sales. 

2.6 Identification of the energy usage in kilowatt-hours per mile from: 

(a) the battery output (DC energy) (to be submitted with the Part II 

certification application (40 CFR §86.1843-01(d)); 

(b) the point when electricity is introduced from the electrical outlet (AC 

energy); and 

(c) the operating range in miles of the vehicle when tested in 

accordance with the All-Electric Range Test set forth in section E, 

below. For off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles 

certifying to section F, the manufacturer shall provide the energy 

usage in kilowatt hours per mile from the Urban Equivalent AllElectric Range and the Highway Equivalent All-Electric Range. 

2.7 For those vehicles that use fuel-fired heaters, the manufacturer shall 

provide: 

(a) a description of the control system logic of the fuel-fired heater, 

including an evaluation of the conditions under which the fuel-fired 

heater can be operated and an evaluation of the possible 

operational modes and conditions under which evaporative 

emissions can exist; 
C-4-D-2 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(b) the exhaust emissions value per mile produced by the auxiliary 

fuel-fired heater operated between 68oF and 86oF; and 

(c) the test plan which describes the procedure used to determine the 

mass emissions of the fuel-fired heater. 

2.8 All information necessary for proper and safe operation of the vehicle, 

including information on the safe handling of the battery system, emergency procedures 

to follow in the event of battery leakage or other malfunctions that may affect the safety 

of the vehicle operator or laboratory personnel. 

2.9 Method for determining battery state-of-charge, battery charging capacity 

and recharging procedures, and any other relevant information as determined by the 

Executive Officer. 

2.10 Battery specific energy data and calculations as specified in section E.4 of 

these procedures including the weight of the battery system and the three hour 

discharge rate (C/3) energy capacity. 

2.11 Vehicle and battery break-in period, and the method used to determine 

them, as specified in sections E.2 and F.2 of these test procedures. 

2.12 Labeling shall conform with the requirements specified in section 1965, 

title 13, CCR and the “California Environmental Performance Label Specifications for 

2009 and Subsequent Model Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and MediumDuty Passenger Vehicles” (incorporated by reference therein). 

2.13 For a ZEV, extended range HEV or PZEV that qualifies to receive one or 

more multipliers under sections C.3 - C.7, the manufacturer shall provide all information 

relevant to the vehicle’s qualification for, and the estimated value of, the multiplier(s). 

The Executive Officer may request additional information needed to appropriately 

characterize the vehicle. Based on the submitted information and other relevant data, 

the Executive Officer shall assign to the vehicle the highest multiplier(s) for which the 

manufacturer has demonstrated the vehicle qualifies at that time. 

2.14 When a manufacturer plans to require any scheduled maintenance for a 

PZEV before 150,000 miles, the manufacturer must submit information demonstrating 

the need for each scheduled maintenance item before 150,000 miles, including actual 

in-use data, engineering evaluation of the durability of the part, or other relevant 

information. The manufacturer may require such maintenance for a PZEV only upon 

the Executive Officer’s determination, prior to certification, the manufacturer has 

demonstrated the need for the scheduled maintenance; this determination may not 

unreasonably be denied.

2.15 For off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles certifying to section 

F, the manufacturer shall provide the Urban Charge Depleting Cycle Range, the Urban 

Charge Depleting Actual Range, the Charge Depleting to Charge Sustaining Urban 
C-4-D-3 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Range, the Highway Charge Depleting Cycle Range, the Highway Charge Depleting 

Actual Range, the Charge Depleting to Charge Sustaining Highway Range, the Urban 

Equivalent All-Electric Range, the Highway Equivalent All-Electric Range, the Urban 

Electric Range Fraction, and the Highway Electric Range Fraction. 

3. ZEV Reporting Requirements. In order to verify the status of each 

manufacturer’s compliance with the ZEV requirements for a given calendar year, each 

manufacturer shall submit a report to the Executive Officer at least annually, by May 1 

of the calendar year following the close of the model year, that identifies the necessary 

delivery and placement data of all vehicles generating ZEV credits or allowances, and 

all transfers and acquisitions of ZEV credits. The manufacturer may update the report 

by September 1 to cover activities occurring between April 1 and June 30. If a 

manufacturer updates their annual California production numbers in their ZEV report, 

the annual NMOG production must also be updated. 
B-4-E-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

E. Determination of NEV Acceleration, Top Speed, and Constant Speed Range 

The acceleration and constant speed range for a NEV shall be determined as specified 

in “Implementation of SAE Standard J1666 May 93: Electric Vehicle Acceleration, 

Gradeability, and Deceleration Test Procedure,” ETA-NTP002 Revision 3, December 

2004, and “Electric Vehicle Constant Speed Range Tests,” ETA-NTP004 Revision 3, 

February 1, 2008. 
B-4-F-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

F. Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles 

(including Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles) and All 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Except Off-Vehicle Charge Capable 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 

The “as adopted or amended dates” of the 40 CFR Part 86 regulations 

referenced by this document are the dates identified in the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” Unless otherwise noted, these 

requirements shall apply to all ZEVs (including fuel cell vehicles and hybrid fuel cell 

vehicles) and all HEVs, except off-vehicle charge capable HEVs. 

1. Electric Dynamometer. All ZEVs and HEVs must be tested using a 48-

inch single roll electric dynamometer meeting the requirements of 40 CFR Subpart B, 

§86.108-00(b)(2) [October 22, 1996]. 

2. Vehicle and Battery Break-In Period. A manufacturer shall use good 

engineering judgment in determining the proper stabilized emissions mileage test point 

and report same according to the requirements of section D.2.11 above. 

3. All-Electric Range Test for Zero-Emission Vehicles (including Fuel 

Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles). All 2012 and subsequent ZEVs shall 

be subject to the All-Electric Range Test specified below for the purpose of determining 

the energy efficiency and operating range of the ZEV. 

3.1 Determination of Urban All-Electric Range for Zero-Emission 

Vehicles.

3.1.1 Determination of Urban All-Electric Range for Battery Electric 

Vehicles.

(a) Cold soak. The vehicle shall be stored at an ambient temperature not less 

than 68F (20C) and not more than 86F (30C) for 12 to 36 hours. During this time, 

the vehicle’s battery shall be charged to a full state-of-charge. Charge time shall not 

exceed soak time. 

(b) At the end of the cold soak period, the vehicle shall be placed or pushed, 

onto a dynamometer and operated through successive Urban Dynamometer Driving 

Schedules (UDDS), 40 CFR, Part 86, Appendix I [July 13, 2005], which is incorporated 

herein by reference. A 10-minute soak shall follow each UDDS. 

(c) For vehicles with a maximum speed greater than or equal to the maximum 

speed on the UDDS, this test sequence shall be repeated until the vehicle is no longer 

able to maintain either the speed or time tolerances in 40 CFR §86.115-00 (b)(1) and 

(2) [October 22, 1996], or the manufacturer determines that the test should be 
B-4-F-2 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

terminated for safety reasons, e.g. excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low 

battery voltage, etc. 

(d) For vehicles with a maximum speed less than the maximum speed on the 

UDDS, the vehicle shall be operated at maximum available power (or full throttle) when 

the vehicle cannot achieve the speed trace within the speed and time tolerances 

specified in 40 CFR §86.115-00(b)(1) and (2) [October 22, 1996]. The test shall be 

terminated when the vehicle speed when operated at maximum available power (or full 

throttle) falls below 95 percent of the maximum speed initially achieved on the UDDS or 

when the battery state-of-charge is depleted to the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer, or the manufacturer determines that the test should be terminated for 

safety reasons, e.g. excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low battery 

voltage, etc., whichever occurs first. 

3.1.2 Determination of Urban All-Electric Range for Fuel Cell Vehicles and 

Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles.

(a) The urban all-electric range for a fuel cell vehicle and a hybrid fuel cell 

vehicle shall be determined in accordance with SAE J2572. As an option, a 

manufacturer may elect to determine the urban all-electric range for a fuel cell vehicle or 

a hybrid fuel cell vehicle in accordance with section F.3.1.1 above. 

3.2 Determination of Highway All-Electric Range for Zero-Emission 

Vehicles and Range for Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles. 

3.2.1 Determination of Highway All-Electric Range for Battery Electric 

Vehicles. 

(a) Cold soak. The vehicle shall be stored at an ambient temperature not less 

than 68F (20C) and not more than 86F (30C) for 12 to 36 hours. During this time, 

the vehicle’s battery shall be charged to a full state-of-charge. Charge time shall not 

exceed soak time. 

(b) At the end of the cold soak period, the vehicle shall be either placed or 

pushed onto a dynamometer and operated through Continuous Highway Test 

Schedules of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HFEDS). 

(c) For vehicles with a maximum speed greater than or equal to the maximum 

speed on the HFEDS, this test sequence shall be repeated until the vehicle is no longer 

able to maintain either the speed or time tolerances in 40 CFR §86.115-00 (b)(1) and 

(2) [October 22, 1996], or the manufacturer determines that the test should be 

terminated for safety reasons, e.g. excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low 

battery voltage, etc. 

(d) For vehicles with a maximum speed less than the maximum speed on the 

HFEDS, the vehicle shall be operated at maximum available power (or full throttle) 
B-4-F-3 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

when the vehicle cannot achieve the speed trace within the speed and time tolerances 

specified in 40 CFR §86.115-00(b)(1) and (2) [October 22, 1996]. The test shall be 

terminated when the vehicle speed when operated at maximum available power (or full 

throttle) falls below 95 percent of the maximum speed initially achieved on the HFEDS 

or when the battery state-of-charge is depleted to the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer, or the manufacturer determines that the test should be terminated for 

safety reasons, e.g. excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low battery 

voltage, etc., whichever occurs first. 

(e) NEVs are exempt from the all-electric range highway test. 

3.2.2 Determination of Highway All-Electric Range for Fuel Cell Vehicles 

and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles. 

(a) The highway all-electric range for a fuel cell vehicle and a hybrid fuel cell 

vehicle shall be determined in accordance with SAE J2572. As an option, a 

manufacturer may elect to determine the highway all-electric range for a fuel cell vehicle 

or a hybrid fuel cell vehicle in accordance with section F.3.2.1 above. 

3.3 Recording requirements. 

For all battery electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, except offvehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles: Once the vehicle is no longer 

able to maintain the speed and time requirements specified in F.3.1 or F.3.2 

above, the vehicle shall be brought to an immediate stop and the following data 

shall be recorded: 

(a) mileage accumulated during the All-Electric Range Test; 

(b) Net DC energy from the battery that was expended during the AllElectric Range Test (may be reported as the total DC battery energy output and 

the total DC battery energy input during the All-Electric Range Test); 

(c) AC energy required to fully charge the battery after the All-Electric 

Range Test from the point where electricity is introduced from the electric outlet 

to the battery charger; 

(d) DC energy required to fully charge the battery after the All-Electric 

Range Test from the point where electricity is introduced from the battery charger 

to the battery; and 

(e) Measured AC and DC watt hours and amp hours shall be reported 

to the nearest hundredths of a kilowatt hour and tenths of an amp hour. 

Battery charging shall begin within 1 hour after terminating the All-Electric Range 

Test. 

3.4 Regenerative braking. Regenerative braking systems may be utilized 

during the range test. The braking level, if adjustable, shall be set according to the 

manufacturer’s specifications for normal driving conditions prior to the commencement 
B-4-F-4 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

of the test. The driving schedule speed and time tolerances specified in F.3.1 or F.3.2 

shall not be exceeded due to the operation of the regenerative braking system. 

3.5 Measurement Accuracy. For battery electric vehicles, the overall error in 

voltage and current recording instruments shall be NIST traceable and accurate to ±1% 

of the maximum value of the variable (AC/DC volts and amps) being measured. 

Suggested equipment: amp meter/power meter capable of sampling voltage and 

current. Voltage and current shall be sampled at a minimum rate of 20 hz. 

3.6 Watt Hour Calculation for Battery Electric Vehicles.

 

DC energy (watt-hours) shall be calculated as follows 

DC energy = ∫v(t) *i(t) dt 

Where v = vehicle DC main battery pack voltage 

i = vehicle DC main battery pack current 

AC energy (in watt-hours) shall be calculated as follows 

AC energy = ∫v(t) *i(t) dt in watt-hours 

Where v = AC instantaneous voltage 

i = AC instantaneous current 

3.7 Charger Requirements for Battery Electric Vehicles.

The standard charging apparatus (or equivalent) normally furnished with or 

specified for the vehicle shall be used for charging during vehicle testing. 

4. Determination of Battery Specific Energy for ZEVs. 

Determine the specific energy of batteries used to power a ZEV in accordance 

with the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium’s Electric Vehicle Battery Procedure Manual 

(January 1996), Procedure No. 2, “Constant Current Discharge Test Series,” using the 

C/3 rate. The weight calculation must reflect a completely functional battery system as 

defined in the Appendix of the Manual, including pack(s), required support ancillaries 

(e.g., thermal management), and electronic controller. 

5. Determination of the Emissions of the Fuel-fired Heater for Vehicles 

Other Than ZEVs. 

The exhaust emissions result of the fuel-fired heater shall be determined by 

operating at a maximum heating capacity with a cold start between 68o

F and 86oF for a 

period of 20 minutes and dividing the grams of emissions by 20. The resulting grams 

per minute shall be multiplied by 3.0 minutes per mile to obtain a grams per mile value. 
B-4-F-5 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

6. Urban Emission Test Provisions for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 

Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles.

Alternative procedures may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if 

approved in advance by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board. 

6.1 Vehicle Preconditioning.

To be conducted pursuant to the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” with the following 

supplemental requirements: 

6.1.1 For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow manual activation of 

the auxiliary power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at a level that causes 

the hybrid electric vehicle to operate the auxiliary power unit for the maximum 

possible cumulative amount of time during the preconditioning drive. 

6.1.2 For hybrid electric vehicles that allow manual activation of the 

auxiliary power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at a level that satisfies 

one of the following conditions: 

(i) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-sustaining over the 

UDDS, battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by 

the manufacturer. 

(ii) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-depleting over the 

UDDS, battery state-of-charge shall be set at the level recommended by 

the manufacturer for activating the auxiliary power unit when operating in 

urban driving conditions. 

6.1.3 After setting battery state-of-charge, the hybrid electric vehicle shall 

be pushed or towed to a work area for the initial fuel drain and fill according to 

section III.D.1.4. of the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.” 

6.1.4 Following the initial fuel drain and fill, the vehicle shall complete an 

initial soak period of a minimum of 6 hours. After completing the soak period, the 

vehicle shall be pushed or towed into position on a dynamometer and 

preconditioned. If the auxiliary power unit is capable of being manually activated, 

the auxiliary power unit shall be manually activated at the beginning of and 

operated throughout the preconditioning drive. 

6.1.5 Within five minutes of completing preconditioning drive, battery 

state-of-charge shall be set at a level that satisfies one of the following 

conditions: 
B-4-F-6 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(i) If the hybrid electric vehicle does not allow manual activation 

of the auxiliary power unit and is charge-sustaining over the UDDS, then 

set battery state-of-charge to a level such that the SOC criterion in section 

G.10 would be satisfied for the dynamometer procedure (section F.6.2 of 

these procedures). If off-vehicle charging is required to increase battery 

state-of-charge for proper setting, off-vehicle charging shall occur during 

the second soak period of 12 to 36 hours. 

(ii) If the hybrid electric vehicle does not allow manual activation 

of the auxiliary power unit and is charge-depleting over the UDDS, then no 

battery state-of-charge adjustment is permissible. 

(iii) If the hybrid electric vehicle does allow manual activation of 

the auxiliary power unit, then set battery state-of-charge to manufacturer 

recommended level for activating the auxiliary power unit when the hybrid 

electric vehicle is operating in urban driving conditions. 

6.2 Urban Dynamometer Procedure for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 

Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.135-00 [October 22, 1996] with 

the following revisions. References to §86.110-94 shall mean §86.110-94 as last 

amended June 30, 1995. 

6.2.1 Amend subparagraph (a). 

Overview. The dynamometer run shall consist of two tests, a “cold” 

start test, after a second fuel drain and fill and a 12 to 36 hour soak period 

performed pursuant to the provisions of the “California Evaporative 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model 

Motor Vehicles” and a “hot” start test following the “cold” start test by 10 

minutes. Vehicle startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over 

the UDDS and vehicle shutdown make a complete cold start test. Vehicle 

startup and operation over the UDDS and vehicle shutdown make a 

complete hot start test. 

For all UDDS tests, the exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient 

air in the dilution tunnel as shown in Figure B94-5 and Figure B94-6 

(§86.110-94). As an alternative, the bag mini-diluter may be used in-lieu 

of the constant volume sampling (CVS) method for exhaust emission 

measurement as described below. A dilution tunnel is not required for 

testing vehicles waived from the requirement to measure particulates. 

Four particulate samples are collected on filters for weighing; the first 

sample plus backup is collected during the cold start test (including 
B-4-F-7 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

shutdown); the second sample plus backup is collected during the hot 

start test (including shutdown). Part 1065 of the CFR may be used as an 

optional particulate sampling method. Continuous proportional samples of 

gaseous emissions are collected for analysis during each test. For hybrid 

electric vehicles with Otto-cycle auxiliary power units, the composite 

samples collected in bags are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. 

For hybrid electric vehicles that are not “off-vehicle charge capable,” and 

are equipped with petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle auxiliary power units 

(optional for natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 

alcohol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles), THC is sampled and analyzed 

continuously pursuant to the provisions of §86.110-94. Parallel samples 

of the dilution air are similarly analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. 

For hybrid electric vehicles with natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum 

gas-fueled, and alcohol-fueled auxiliary power units, bag samples are 

collected and analyzed for THC (if not sampled continuously), CO, CO2, 

CH4 and NOx. For hybrid electric vehicles with alcohol-fueled auxiliary 

power units, alcohol and formaldehyde samples are taken for both 

exhaust emissions and dilution air (a single dilution air formaldehyde 

sample, covering the total test period may be collected). Parallel bag 

samples of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. 

6.2.2 Subparagraphs (b) through (c). [No change.] 

6.2.3 Subparagraph (d). [No change.] 

6.2.4 Subparagraphs (e) through (g). [No change.] 

6.2.5 Amend subparagraph (h): The driving distance, as measured by 

counting the number of dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be 

determined for the cold start test and hot start test. The revolutions shall be 

measured on the same roll or shaft used for measuring the vehicle’s speed. 

6.2.6 Subparagraph (i). [No change.] 

6.3 Urban Dynamometer Test Run, Gaseous and Particulate Emissions 

for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle 

Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.137-96 [March 24, 1993] with 

the following revisions: 

6.3.1 Amend subparagraph (a): General. The dynamometer run shall 

consist of two tests, a “cold” start test, after a second fuel drain and fill and a 12 

to 36 hour soak period performed pursuant to the provisions of the “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent 

Model Motor Vehicles” and a “hot” start test following the cold start test by 10 
B-4-F-8 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

minutes. The complete dynamometer test consists of a cold start drive of 

7.5 miles (12.1 km) and a hot start drive of 7.5 miles (12.1 km). The vehicle shall 

be stored prior to the emission test in such a manner that precipitation (e.g., rain 

or dew) does not occur on the vehicle. The vehicle is allowed to stand on the 

dynamometer during the 10 minute time period between each test. 

6.3.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows. 

6.3.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(9): Start the gas flow 

measuring device, position the sample selector valves to direct the sample 

flow into the exhaust sample bag, the alcohol exhaust sample, the 

formaldehyde exhaust sample, the dilution air sample bag, the alcohol 

dilution air sample and the formaldehyde dilution air sample (turn on the 

petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle THC analyzer system integrator, mark the 

recorder chart, start particulate sample pump No. 1, and record both gas 

meter or flow measurement instrument readings, if applicable), and turn 

the key on. If the auxiliary power unit is capable of being manually 

activated, the auxiliary power unit shall be activated at the beginning of 

and operated throughout the UDDS. 

6.3.2.2 Delete subparagraph (b)(13). 

6.3.2.3 Amend subparagraph (b)(14): Turn the vehicle off 2 

seconds after the end of the last deceleration (at 1,369 seconds). 

6.3.2.4 Amend subparagraph (b)(15): Five seconds after the 

vehicle is shutdown, simultaneously turn off gas flow measuring device 

No. 1 and if applicable, turn off the hydrocarbon integrator No. 1, mark the 

hydrocarbon recorder chart, turn off the No. 1 particulate sample pump 

and close the valves isolating particulate filter No. 1, and position the 

sample selector valves to the “standby” position. Record the measured 

roll or shaft revolutions (both gas meter or flow measurement 

instrumentation readings), and reset the counter. As soon as possible, 

transfer the exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system and 

process the samples pursuant to §86.140, obtaining a stabilized reading of 

the exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of 

the sample collection phase of the test. Obtain alcohol and formaldehyde 

sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample 

period. (If it is not possible to perform analysis on the alcohol and 

formaldehyde samples within 24 hours, the samples should be stored in a 

dark cold (4C to 10C) environment until analysis. The samples should 

be analyzed within fourteen days.) If applicable, carefully remove both 

pairs of particulate sample filters from their respective holders, and place 

each in a separate petri dish, and cover. 
B-4-F-9 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

6.3.2.5 Amend subparagraph (b)(18): Repeat the steps in 

paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(17) of this section for the hot start test. The 

step in paragraph (b)(9) of this section shall begin between 9 and 11 

minutes after the end of the sample period for the cold start test. 

6.3.2.6 Delete subparagraph (b)(19). 

6.3.2.7 Delete subparagraph (b)(20). 

6.3.2.8 Amend subparagraph (b)(21): As soon as 

possible, and in no case longer than one hour after the end of the hot start 

phase of the test, transfer the four particulate filters to the weighing 

chamber for post-test conditioning, if applicable. For hybrid electric 

vehicles that do not allow manual activation of the auxiliary power unit and 

are charge-sustaining over the UDDS, a valid test shall satisfy the SOC 

criterion in section G.10. 

6.3.2.9 Amend subparagraph (b)(24): Vehicles to be tested 

for evaporative emissions will proceed pursuant to the “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.” 

6.4 Calculations - Exhaust Emissions for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 

Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.144-94 [July 13, 2005] with the 

following revisions: 

6.4.1 Amend subparagraph (a): For light-duty vehicles and light duty 

trucks: 

Ywm = 0.43 * 















c

c

D

Y + 0.57 * 















h

h

D

Y

 

Where: 

(1) Ywm = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., THC, 

CO, THCE, NMOG, NMHCE, CH4, NOx, or CO2, in grams per vehicle mile. 

(2) Yc = Mass emissions as calculated from the cold start test, in 

grams per test. 

(3) Yh = Mass emissions as calculated from the hot start test, in 

grams per test. 

(4) Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start test, in 

miles. 

(5) Dh = The measured driving distance from the hot start test, in 

miles. 
B-4-F-10 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

6.4.2 Subparagraphs (b) through (e). [No change.] 

6.5 Calculations - Particulate Emissions for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 

Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.145-82 [November 2, 1982] with 

the following revisions. References to §86.110-94 shall mean §86.110-94 as last 

amended June 30, 1995. 

6.5.1 Amend subparagraph (a): The final reported test results for the 

mass particulate (Mp) in grams/mile shall be computed as follows: 

Mp = 0.43 * 















c

pc

D

M

 + 0.57 * 















h

ph

D

M

 

Where: 

(1) Mpc = Mass of particulate determined from the cold start test, in 

grams per vehicle mile. (See §86.110-94 for determination.) 

(2) Mph = Mass of particulate determined from the hot start test, in 

grams per vehicle mile. (See §86.110-94 for determination.) 

(3) Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start test, in 

miles. 

(4) Dh = The measured driving distance from the hot start test, in 

miles. 

6.5.2 Subparagraph (b). [No change.] 

7. Highway Emission Test Provisions for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 

Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §600.111-08 [December 27, 2006] 

with the following revisions. 

7.1 Subparagraph (a). [not applicable - delete] 

7.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows: 

7.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(2): The highway fuel economy test is 

designated to simulate non-metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 

mph and a maximum speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 

stop per mile and consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis 

dynamometer through a specified driving cycle. A proportional part of the diluted 

exhaust emission is collected continuously for subsequent analysis of THC, CO, 
B-4-F-11 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

CO2, and NOx using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler. Diesel dilute 

exhaust is continuously analyzed for hydrocarbons using a heated sample line 

and analyzer. Alcohol and formaldehyde samples are collected and individually 

analyzed for alcohol-fueled vehicles. 

7.2.2 Amend subparagraph (b)(7)(i): The dynamometer procedure shall 

consist of two cycles of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule 

(§600.109(b)) separated by 15 seconds of idle. The first cycle of the Highway 

Fuel Economy Driving Schedule is driven to precondition the test vehicle and the 

second is driven for the fuel economy measurement. 

7.2.3 Amend subparagraph (b)(7)(iii): Only one exhaust sample and one 

background sample shall be collected and analyzed for THC (except diesel 

hydrocarbons which are analyzed continuously), CO, CO2, and NOx. Alcohol and 

formaldehyde samples (exhaust and dilution air) are collected and analyzed for 

alcohol-fueled vehicles. 

7.2.4 Add subparagraph(b)(7)(v): For hybrid electric vehicles that do not 

allow manual activation of the auxiliary power unit, battery state-of-charge shall 

be set at a level that causes the hybrid electric vehicle to operate the auxiliary 

power unit for the maximum possible cumulative amount of time during the 

HFEDS preconditioning cycle. For hybrid electric vehicles that allow manual 

activation of the auxiliary power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at a 

level that satisfies one of the following conditions: 

(i) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-sustaining over the 

HFEDS, battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by 

the manufacturer. 

(ii) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-depleting over the 

HFEDs, battery state-of-charge shall be set at the level recommended by 

the manufacturer for activating the auxiliary power unit when operating in 

highway driving conditions. 

7.2.5 Amend subparagraph (b)(9)(v): Operate the vehicle over one 

HFEDS preconditioning cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule 

specified in §600.109-08(b) [December 27, 2006]. If the auxiliary power unit is 

capable of being manually activated, the auxiliary power unit shall be manually 

activated at the beginning of and operated throughout the HFEDS 

preconditioning cycle. 

7.2.6 Amend subparagraph (b)(9)(vi): When the vehicle reaches zero 

speed at the end of the HFEDS preconditioning cycle, the driver has 17 seconds 

to prepare for the HFEDS emission measurement cycle of the test. Reset and 

enable the roll revolution counter. During the idle period, one of the following 

conditions shall apply: 
B-4-F-12 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(i) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-sustaining over the 

HFEDS, the vehicle shall be momentarily turned off for 5 seconds and 

turned back on during the idle period. The battery state-of-charge shall be 

recorded after the hybrid electric vehicle has fully turned on. 

(ii) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-depleting over the 

HFEDS, the vehicle shall remain turned on during the idle period. 

(iii) For hybrid electric vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated, the vehicle shall remain turned on with the 

auxiliary power unit operating during the idle period. 

7.2.7 Add subparagraph (b)(9)(viii): At the conclusion of the HFEDS 

emission test, one of the following conditions shall apply: 

(i) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-sustaining over the 

HFEDS, record the battery state-of-charge to determine if the SOC 

criterion in section F.10 is satisfied. If the SOC criterion is not satisfied, 

then repeat dynamometer test run from subparagraph (b)(9)(vi) and 

(b)(9)(vii). A total of three highway emission tests shall be allowed to 

satisfy the SOC criterion. 

(ii) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-depleting over the 

HFEDS, the emission test is completed. 

(iii) For hybrid electric vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated, the emission test is completed. 

7.2.8 Delete subparagraph (b)(10). 

7.3 Delete subparagraphs (c) through (e). 

8. SFTP Emission Test Provisions for All Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 

Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles.

8.1 US06 Vehicle Preconditioning

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.132-00 [October 22, 1996] with 

the following revisions. 
B-4-F-13 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

8.1.1 Subparagraphs (a) through (m). [No change.] 

8.1.2 Amend subparagraph (n): Aggressive Driving Test (US06) 

Preconditioning. 

8.1.2.1 Amend subparagraph (1) as follows: If the US06 

test follows the exhaust emission urban, highway, or evaporative testing, 

the refueling step may be deleted and the vehicle may be preconditioned 

using the fuel remaining in the tank (see paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 

section). The test vehicle may be pushed or driven onto the test 

dynamometer. For vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary 

power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at according to the 

following conditions: 

If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-sustaining over the US06, battery 

state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer. The auxiliary power unit shall be manually activated at the 

beginning of and operated throughout the US06 preconditioning cycle. 

If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-depleting over the US06, battery 

state-of-charge shall be set at the level recommended by the 

manufacturer for activating the auxiliary power unit when operating in 

highway driving conditions. The auxiliary power unit shall be manually 

activated at the beginning of and operated throughout the US06 

preconditioning cycle. 

8.1.2.1.1 Subparagraphs (i) through (iv). [No change.] 

8.1.2.2 Subparagraph (2). [No change.] 

8.1.3 Subparagraph (o). [No change.] 

8.2 US06 Emission Test. 

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.159-08 [December 27, 2006] 

with the following revisions. 

8.2.1 Amend subparagraph (a): Overview. The dynamometer operation 

consists of a single, 600 second test on the US06 driving schedule, as described 

in appendix I, paragraph (g), of this part. The hybrid electric vehicle is 

preconditioned in accordance with §86.132-00, to bring it to a warmed-up 

stabilized condition. This preconditioning is followed by a 1 to 2 minute idle 

period that proceeds directly into the US06 driving schedule during which 

continuous proportional samples of gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. 

If engine stalling should occur during testing, follow the provisions of §86.136-90 

(engine starting and restarting). For hybrid electric vehicles with Otto-cycle 
B-4-F-14 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

auxiliary power units, the composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for 

THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For hybrid electric vehicles with diesel-cycle 

auxiliary power units, THC is sampled and analyzed continuously according to 

the provisions of §86.110. Parallel bag samples of dilution air are analyzed for 

THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. The US06 cycle after the preconditioning cycle 

shall be used to calculate emissions and shall meet the state-of-charge net 

tolerances as calculated in section F.9. 

 

8.2.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows. 

8.2.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(2): Position the test vehicle 

on the dynamometer and restrain. 

8.2.3 Subparagraph (c). [No change.] 

8.2.4 Amend subparagraph (d): Practice runs over the prescribed driving 

schedule may be performed at test point to permit sampling system adjustment. 

8.2.5 Subparagraph (e). [No change.] 

8.2.6 Amend subparagraph (f) as follows. 

8.2.6.1 Amend subparagraph (f)(2)(i): Immediately after 

completion of the US06 preconditioning cycle, idle the vehicle. The idle 

period is not to be less than one minute or not greater than two minutes. 

During the idle period, one of the following conditions shall apply: 

(i) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-sustaining over the 

US06, the vehicle shall be momentarily turned off for 5 seconds and 

turned back on during the idle period. The battery state-of-charge shall be 

recorded after the hybrid electric vehicle has fully turned on. 

(ii) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-depleting over the 

US06, the vehicle shall remain turned on during the idle period. 

(iii) For hybrid electric vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated, the vehicle shall remain turned on with the 

auxiliary power unit operating during the idle period. 

8.2.6.2 Amend subparagraph (f)(2)(ix): At the conclusion of the 

US06 emission test, one of the following conditions shall apply: 
B-4-F-15 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(i) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow manual 

activation of the auxiliary power unit and are charge-sustaining over the 

US06, record the battery state-of-charge to determine if the SOC criterion 

in section F.10 is satisfied. If the SOC criterion is not satisfied, then 

repeat dynamometer test run from subparagraph (f)(2)(i) without the 

preconditioning cycle. A total of three US06 emission tests shall be 

allowed to satisfy the SOC criterion. 

(ii) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-depleting over the 

US06, turn off vehicle 2 seconds after the end of the last deceleration. 

(iii) For hybrid electric vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated, turn off vehicle 2 seconds after the end of the 

last deceleration. 

8.3 SC03 Vehicle Preconditioning.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.132-00 [October 22, 1996] with 

the following revisions. 

8.3.1 Subparagraphs (a) through (n). [No change.] 

8.3.2 Amend subparagraph (o): Air Conditioning Test (SC03) 

Preconditioning. 

8.3.2.1 Amend subparagraph (1) as follows: If the SC03 test 

follows the exhaust emission FTP or evaporative testing, the refueling step 

may be deleted and the vehicle may be preconditioned using the fuel 

remaining in the tank (see paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section). The test 

vehicle may be pushed or driven onto the test dynamometer. For hybrid 

electric vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary power unit, 

battery state-of-charge shall be set at a level that satisfies one of the 

following conditions: 

If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-sustaining over the SC03, battery 

state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer. The auxiliary power unit shall be manually activated at the 

beginning of and operated throughout the SC03 preconditioning cycle. 

If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-depleting over the SC03, battery 

state-of-charge shall be set at the level recommended by the 

manufacturer for activating the auxiliary power unit when operating in 

highway driving conditions. The auxiliary power unit shall be manually 

activated at the beginning of and operated throughout the SC03 

preconditioning cycle. 
B-4-F-16 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

8.3.2.1.1 Subparagraphs (i) and (ii). [No change.] 

8.3.2.2 Subparagraphs (2) through (3). [No change.] 

8.4 SC03 Emission Test.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.160-00 [December 8, 2005] with 

the following revisions. 

8.4.1 Amend subparagraph (a): Overview. The dynamometer 

operation consists of a single, 594 second test on the SC03 driving schedule, as 

described in appendix I, paragraph (h), of this part. The hybrid electric vehicle is 

preconditioned in accordance with §86.132-00 of this subpart, to bring the vehicle 

to a warmed-up stabilized condition. This preconditioning is followed by a 10 

minute vehicle soak (vehicle turned off) that proceeds directly into the SC03 

driving schedule, during which continuous proportional samples of gaseous 

emissions are collected for analysis. The entire test, including the SC03 

preconditioning cycle, vehicle soak, and SC03 emission test, is either conducted 

in an environmental test facility or under test conditions that simulate testing in an 

environmental test cell (see §86.162-00 (a) for a discussion of simulation 

procedure approvals). The environmental test facility must be capable of 

providing the following nominal ambient test conditions of: 95o

F air temperature, 

100 grains of water/pound of dry air (approximately 40 percent relative humidity), 

a solar heat load intensity of 850 W/m2

, and vehicle cooling air flow proportional 

to vehicle speed. Section 86.161-00 discusses the minimum facility 

requirements and corresponding control tolerances for air conditioning ambient 

test conditions. The vehicle’s air conditioner is operated or appropriately 

simulated for the duration of the test procedure (except for the 10 minute vehicle 

soak), including the preconditioning. If engine stalling should occur during 

testing, follow the provisions of §86.136-90 (engine starting and restarting). For 

hybrid electric vehicles with Otto-cycle auxiliary power units, the composite 

samples collected in bags are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For 

hybrid electric vehicles with diesel-cycle auxiliary power units, THC is sampled 

and analyzed continuously according to the provisions of §86.110. Parallel bag 

samples of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. The SC03 

cycle after the preconditioning cycle shall be used to calculate emissions and 

shall meet the state-of-charge net tolerances as calculated in section EF. 9. 

8.4.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows. 

8.4.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(2): Position the test vehicle 

on the dynamometer and restrain. 

8.4.3 Amend subparagraph (c) as follows. 
B-4-F-17 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

8.4.3.1 Amend subparagraph (c)(9): Start vehicle (with air 

conditioning system also running). If the auxiliary power unit of the hybrid 

electric vehicle is capable of being manually activated, the auxiliary power 

unit shall be manually activated at the beginning of and operated 

throughout the SC03 emission test. Fifteen seconds after the vehicle 

starts, begin the initial vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule. 

8.4.4 Amend subparagraph (d) as follows. 

8.4.4.1 Amend subparagraph (d)(10): At the conclusion of 

the SC03 emission test, one of the following conditions shall apply: 

(i) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-sustaining over the 

SC03, record the battery state-of-charge to determine if the SOC criterion 

in section F.10 is satisfied. If the SOC criterion is not satisfied, then turn 

off the cooling fan(s), allow the vehicle to soak in the ambient conditions of 

paragraph (c)(5) of this section for 10 ± 1 minutes, and repeat the 

dynamometer test run from subparagraph (d). Up to three SC03 emission 

tests shall be attempted to satisfy the SOC criterion. 

(ii) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary 

power unit to be manually activated and are charge-depleting over the 

SC03, turn off the vehicle two seconds after the end of the last 

deceleration. 

(iii) For hybrid electric vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated, turn off the vehicle two seconds after the end of 

the last deceleration. 

8.4.5 Subparagraph (e). [No change.] 

9. State-of-Charge Net Change Tolerances for All Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, Except Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles and Off-Vehicle Capable Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles.

9.1 For hybrid electric vehicles that use a battery as an energy storage device, 

the following state-of-charge net change tolerance shall apply: 

(Amp-hrfinal)max = (Amp-hrinitial) + 0.01 





















V K1

NHV m

system

fuel fuel 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = (Amp-hrinitial) - 0.01 





















V K1

NHV m

system

fuel fuel 
B-4-F-18 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Where: 

(Amp-hrfinal)max = Maximum allowed Amp-hr stored in battery at the end of 

the test 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = Minimum allowed Amp-hr stored in battery at the end of the 

test 

(Amp-hrinitial) = Battery Amp-hr stored at the beginning of the test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

K1 = Conversion factor, 3600 seconds/hour 

Vsystem = Open circuit voltage (OCV) that corresponds to the SOC of 

the target SOC during charge sustaining operation. This 

value shall be submitted for testing purposes, and it shall 

be subject to confirmation by the Air Resources Board. 

9.2 For hybrid electric vehicles that use a capacitor as an energy storage 

device, the following state-of-charge net change tolerance shall apply: 

(Vfinal)max =  

C

NHV m

V fuel fuel

initial

 

 

2

0.01 2

(Vfinal)min =  

C

NHV m

V fuel fuel

initial

   2

0.01 2

Where: 

(Vfinal)max = The stored capacitor voltage allowed at the end of the test 

(Vfinal)min = The stored capacitor voltage allowed at the end of the test 

V2

initial = The square of the capacitor voltage stored at the beginning of 

the test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

C = Rated capacitance of the capacitor, in Farads 

9.3 For hybrid electric vehicles that use an electro-mechanical flywheel as an 

energy storage device, the following state-of-charge net change tolerance shall apply: 

(rpmfinal)max =  

3

2 2

0.01

I K

NHV m

rpm

fuel fuel

initial 

 

 

(rpmfinal)min =  

3

2 2

0.01

I K

NHV m

rpm

fuel fuel

initial 

   

Where: 
B-4-F-19 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(rpmfinal)max = The maximum flywheel rotational speed allowed at the end of 

the test 

(rpmfinal)min = The minimum flywheel rotational speed allowed at the end of 

the test 

rpm 2

initial = The squared flywheel rotational speed at the beginning of the 

test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

K3 = Conversion factor, 2 2

2

3600sec

4

 rpm

 

I = Rated moment of inertia of the flywheel, in kg-m2
B-4-G-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

G. Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Off-Vehicle Charge 

Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

The “as adopted or amended dates” of the 40 CFR Part 86 regulations 

referenced by this document are the dates identified in the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” unless otherwise noted. 

1. Electric Dynamometer. 

All off-vehicle charge capable HEVs must be tested using a 48-inch single roll 

electric dynamometer meeting the requirements of 40 CFR Subpart B, §86.108-00(b)(2) 

[October 22, 1996]. 

2. Vehicle and Battery Break-In Period. 

A manufacturer shall use good engineering judgment in determining the proper 

stabilized emissions mileage test point and report same according to the requirements 

of section D.2.11 above. 

3. General Testing Requirements. 

3.1 Recording requirements. 

For off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles: The following data 

shall be recorded for all tests and for each individual test cycle therein, except for 

the 20o

F and 50oF tests, conducted in accordance with section G.8: 

(a) mileage accumulated during the All-Electric Range portion of the 

test, where applicable; 

(b) Net DC energy from the battery that was expended during the test 

(may be reported as the total DC battery energy output and the total DC battery 

energy input); 

(c) AC energy required to fully charge the battery after a charge 

depleting or charge sustaining test from the point where electricity is introduced 

from the electric outlet to the battery charger; 

(d) DC energy required to fully charge the battery after a charge 

depleting or charge sustaining test from the point where electricity is introduced 

from the battery charger to the battery; 

(e) Net DC amp-hrs from the battery that was expended during the test 

(may be reported as the total DC amp-hrs output and the total DC amp-hrs 

input); and 

(f) Measured AC and DC watt hours and amp hours shall be reported 

to the nearest hundredths of a kilowatt hour and tenths of an amp hour. 

 
B-4-G-2 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

3.2 Regenerative braking. Regenerative braking systems may be utilized 

during the range test. The braking level, if adjustable, shall be set according to the 

manufacturer’s specifications for normal driving conditions prior to the commencement 

of the test. The driving schedule speed and time tolerances specified in this section G 

shall not be exceeded due to the operation of the regenerative braking system. 

3.3 Measurement Accuracy. The overall error in voltage and current 

recording instruments shall be NIST traceable and accurate to ±1% of the maximum 

value of the variable (AC/DC volts and amps) being measured. Suggested equipment: 

amp meter/power meter capable of sampling voltage and current. Voltage and current 

shall be sampled at a minimum rate of 20 hz. 

3.4 Watt Hour Calculation.

 

DC energy (watt hours) shall be calculated as follows 

DC energy = ∫v(t) *i(t) dt 

Where v = vehicle DC main battery pack voltage 

i = vehicle DC main battery pack current 

AC energy (in watt-hours) shall be calculated as follows 

AC energy = ∫v(t) *i(t) dt in watt-hours 

Where v = AC instantaneous voltage 

i = AC instantaneous current 

 3.5 Charger Requirements

The standard charging apparatus (or equivalent) normally furnished with or 

specified for the vehicle shall be used for charging during vehicle testing. 

4. Determination of the Emissions of the Fuel-fired Heater. 

The exhaust emissions result of the fuel-fired heater shall be determined by 

operating at a maximum heating capacity with a cold start between 68o

F and 86oF for a 

period of 20 minutes and dividing the grams of emissions by 20. The resulting grams 

per minute shall be multiplied by 3.0 minutes per mile to obtain a grams per mile value. 

5. Urban Test Provisions for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles. 

Alternative procedures may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if 

approved in advance by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board. 

The criteria certification emissions for the Urban test shall be the worst case 

emissions of NMOG, CO, NOx, and PM from either the charge depleting or charge 
B-4-G-3 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

sustaining tests. The sum of NMOG + NOx emissions shall constitute the worst case 

for the urban charge sustaining or charge depleting modes of operation. 

Vehicles with more than one mode of operation of the auxiliary power unit (e.g., 

economy mode, performance mode, etc.) for a given charge depleting or charge 

sustaining test cycle must be tested in the mode(s) which represents the worst case 

emissions of the auxiliary power unit. Confirmatory testing may also be performed in 

any mode of operation to ensure compliance with emission standards. 

5.1 Vehicle Preconditioning.

To be conducted pursuant to the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” with the following 

supplemental requirements: 

5.1.1 For vehicles that do not allow manual activation of the auxiliary 

power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at a level that causes the vehicle 

to operate the auxiliary power unit for the maximum possible cumulative amount 

of time during the preconditioning drive. 

5.1.2 For vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary power unit, 

battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer. 

5.1.3 After setting battery state-of-charge, the vehicle shall be pushed or 

towed to a work area for the initial fuel drain and fill according to section III.D.1.4 

of the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.” 

5.1.4 Following the initial fuel drain and fill, the vehicle shall complete an 

initial soak period of a minimum of 6 hours. 

5.1.5 After completing the soak period, the vehicle shall be pushed or 

towed into position on a dynamometer and preconditioned. 

5.1.6 If the auxiliary power unit is capable of being manually activated, 

the auxiliary power unit shall be manually activated at the beginning of and 

operated throughout the preconditioning drive. 

5.1.7 For the charge depleting range test and the charge sustaining 

emission test, the preconditioning cycle shall be the UDDS. The vehicle must be 

in charge sustaining operation during the preconditioning drive. To determine 

charge sustaining operation, the vehicle must meet the SOC criterion in section 

FG.10 from the start to the end of the two consecutive UDDSs. As an option, 

charge sustaining operation can be achieved for a single UDDS if data is 

provided showing that charge sustaining operation can consistently be 
B-4-G-4 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

maintained over one UDDS. The vehicle must meet the SOC criterion in section 

FG.10 from the start to the end of a single UDDS. Alternative procedures may 

be used to determine charge sustain operation for the precondition drive if the 

alternate procedure demonstrates charge sustaining operation based on section 

FG.10 and is approved in advance by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources 

Board. 

5.1.8 A fuel drain and fill shall be performed pursuant to the provisions of 

the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.” 

5.1.9 The vehicle shall be soaked for 12-36 hours. During this soak 

period, canister preconditioning shall be performed pursuant to the provisions of 

the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.” 

5.1.10 For the urban charge depleting range test, the highway charge 

depleting range test, and the cold start US06 range test, charge the vehicle to full 

state-of-charge as specified by the vehicle manufacturer. The vehicle must be 

turned off during charging and charge time shall not exceed soak time. 

5.2 Urban Dynamometer Procedure for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.135-00 [October 22, 1996] with 

the following revisions. References to §86.110-94 shall mean §86.110-94 as last 

amended June 30, 1995. 

5.2.1 Amend subparagraph (a). 

Overview. The charge depleting range test dynamometer run shall 

consist of a series of charge depleting UDDSs, each followed by a 10 minute 

key-off hot soak period until charge sustaining operation is achieved for two 

consecutive UDDSs. To determine charge sustaining operation, the vehicle must 

meet the SOC criterion in section FG.10 from the start of the first UDDS until the 

end of the second UDDS. As an option, charge sustaining operation may be 

achieved for a single UDDS if data is provided showing that charge sustaining 

operation can consistently be maintained over one UDDS. To determine charge 

sustaining operation, in this case, the vehicle shall meet SOC criterion in section 

FG.10 from the start to the end of a single UDDS. Emissions are measured for 

all UDDSs when the auxiliary power unit is operating. 

The vehicle shall be turned off and stored at an ambient temperature not less 

than 68F (20C) and not more than 86F (30C) for 12 to 36 hours. At the end 

of this cold soak period, the vehicle shall be placed or pushed onto a 

dynamometer. 
B-4-G-5 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

The charge sustaining emission test dynamometer run shall consist of two 

consecutive UDDSs with a 10 minute key-off hot soak in between. Vehicle 

emissions shall be measured over two UDDSs during charge sustaining 

operation, and the vehicle must meet the SOC criterion in section FG.10 from the 

start of the first UDDS until the end of the second UDDS. 

Vehicle charging shall be initiated within three hours after either the charge 

depleting range test or the charge sustaining emission test pursuant to section 

G.5.4.2 or G.5.4.3, as applicable. During charging, all requirements in section 

G.3 must be met, and energy consumption shall be calculated pursuant to the 

requirements in section G.11.7. 

For all exhaust emission tests, the exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air 

in the dilution tunnel as shown in Figure B94-5 and Figure B94-6 (§86.110-94). 

As an alternative, the bag mini-diluter may be used in-lieu of the constant volume 

sampling (CVS) method for exhaust emission measurement as described below. 

A dilution tunnel is not required for testing vehicles waived from the requirement 

to measure particulates. For UDDSs, particulate samples are collected on filters 

for weighing during each UDDS. Each sample plus backup is collected during 

each UDDS (including shutdown). Part 1065 of the CFR may be used as an 

optional particulate sampling method. Continuous proportional samples of 

gaseous emissions are collected for analysis during each UDDS. For vehicles 

with Otto-cycle auxiliary power units, the composite samples collected in bags 

are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For vehicles with 

petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle auxiliary power units (optional for natural 

gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and alcohol-fueled diesel-cycle 

vehicles), THC is sampled and analyzed continuously pursuant to the provisions 

of §86.110-94. Parallel samples of the dilution air are similarly analyzed for THC, 

CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For vehicles with natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum 

gas-fueled, and alcohol-fueled auxiliary power units, bag samples are collected 

and analyzed for THC (if not sampled continuously), CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For 

vehicles with alcohol-fueled auxiliary power units, alcohol and formaldehyde 

samples are taken for both exhaust emissions and dilution air (a single dilution 

air formaldehyde sample, covering the total test period may be collected). 

Parallel bag samples of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and 

NOx. 

5.2.2 Subparagraphs (b) through (c). [No change.] 

5.2.3 Subparagraph (d). [No change.] 

5.2.4 Subparagraphs (e) through (g). [No change.] 

5.2.5 Amend subparagraph (h): The driving distance, as measured by 

counting the number of dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be 
B-4-G-6 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

determined for all charge depleting and exhaust emission tests. The revolutions 

shall be measured on the same roll or shaft used for measuring the vehicle’s 

speed. 

5.2.6 Subparagraph (i). [No change.] 

5.3 Urban Dynamometer Test Run, Gaseous and Particulate Emissions 

for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.137-96 [March 24, 1993] with 

the following revisions: 

5.3.1 Amend subparagraph (a): General. The dynamometer run shall 

consist of a series of UDDSs, after a second fuel drain and fill and a 12 to 36 

hour soak period performed pursuant to the provisions of the “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent 

Model Motor Vehicles.” The vehicle shall be stored prior to the emission test in 

such a manner that precipitation (e.g., rain or dew) does not occur on the vehicle. 

The vehicle is allowed to stand on the dynamometer during the 10 minute time 

period between each UDDS. 

5.3.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows. 

5.3.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(9): Start the gas flow 

measuring device, direct the sample flow into the exhaust sample bag, the 

alcohol exhaust sample, the formaldehyde exhaust sample, the dilution air 

sample bag, the alcohol dilution air sample and the formaldehyde dilution 

air sample, and turn the key on. If the auxiliary power unit is capable of 

being manually activated, the auxiliary power unit shall be activated at the 

beginning of and operated throughout the UDDS. 

5.3.2.2 Delete subparagraph (b)(13). 

5.3.2.3 Subparagraph (b)(14). [No change.] 

5.3.2.4 Amend subparagraph (b)(15): Five seconds 

after the vehicle is shutdown, simultaneously turn off the gas flow 

measuring device and particulate sample pump. Record the measured 

roll or shaft revolutions (both gas meter or flow measurement 

instrumentation readings), and reset the counter. As soon as possible, 

transfer the exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system and 

process the samples pursuant to §86.140, obtaining a stabilized reading of 

the exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of 

the sample collection phase of the UDDS. Obtain alcohol and 

formaldehyde sample analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of 

the sample period. (If it is not possible to perform analysis on the alcohol 
B-4-G-7 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

and formaldehyde samples within 24 hours, the samples should be stored 

in a dark cold (4C to 10C) environment until analysis. The samples 

should be analyzed within fourteen days.) If applicable, carefully remove 

both pairs of particulate sample filters from their respective holders, and 

place each in a separate petri dish, and cover. 

5.3.2.5 Amend subparagraph (b)(18): Repeat the 

steps in paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(17) of this section for the hot start 

UDDS. The steps in paragraph (b)(9) of this section shall begin between 

9 and 11 minutes after the end of the sample period for the cold start 

UDDS. 

5.3.2.6 Delete subparagraph (b)(19). 

5.3.2.7 Delete subparagraph (b)(20). 

5.3.2.8 Amend subparagraph (b)(21): As soon as 

possible, transfer the particulate filters to the weighing chamber for 

post-test conditioning, if applicable. For vehicles undergoing a cold start 

charge sustaining test, a valid test shall satisfy the SOC criterion in section 

FG.10. 

5.3.2.9 Amend subparagraph (b)(24): Vehicles to be 

tested for evaporative emissions will proceed pursuant to the “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.” 

5.4 Determination of Urban All-Electric Range and Urban Equivalent AllElectric Range for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

5.4.1 The Urban All-Electric Range shall be shall be defined as the 

distance that the vehicle is driven from the start of Urban Charge Depleting 

Range Test until the internal combustion engine first starts. 

5.4.2 Urban Charge Depleting Range Test. 

(i) Vehicle preconditioning. The vehicle shall be 

preconditioned according to G.5.1. 

 

(ii) Dynamometer run. At the end of the cold soak period, the 

vehicle shall be placed or pushed, onto a dynamometer and operated 

through the Continuous Urban Test Schedule until the SOC Net Change 

Tolerances (specified in section FG.10 of these test procedures) that 

indicate charge sustaining operation are met for two consecutive UDDSs, 

or a single UDDS if data is provided showing that charge sustaining 

operation can consistently be maintained in one UDDS. If there are no 
B-4-G-8 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

charge depleting hot start cycles, then use the next hot start cycle (after 

the cold start cycle) in the test sequence for the purpose of determining 

hot start emissions. For this case (no charge depleting hot start cycle), 

the manufacturer may optionally add one additional hot start cycle. 

The Alternative Continuous Urban Test Schedule may be substituted for 

the Continuous Urban Test Schedule if the test facility is unable to perform 

the Continuous Urban Test Schedule. Refer to sections G.5.5, G.5.6, and 

G.11, for calculations of urban exhaust emissions, urban particulate 

emissions, and equivalent all-electric range, respectively. Emissions are 

measured for all test cycles when the auxiliary power unit is operating. 

For each test cycle for which emissions were not measured, the 

manufacturer must validate that the auxiliary power unit did not turn on at 

any time during the test cycle. 

(iii) Vehicle charging after testing. Vehicle charging shall 

begin within three hours after either the charge depleting range test or the 

charge sustaining emission test, and the vehicle shall be charged to the 

manufacturer specified full state-of-charge. During charging, all applicable 

requirements in G.3 must be met, and energy consumption shall be 

calculated pursuant to the requirements in section G.11.7. 

5.4.3 Urban Charge Sustaining Emission Test. The Urban Charge 

Sustaining Emission Test is conducted cold, and after charge sustaining 

operation has been reached, or an optional charge sustaining test mode has 

been activated, and no subsequent charge has been performed. 

(i) Vehicle preconditioning. If the Urban Charge Sustaining 

Emission Test is performed within 36 hours after the Urban Charge 

Depleting Range Test, the vehicle shall be preconditioned pursuant to 

section FG.5.1.9. If the Urban Charge Sustaining Emission Test is 

performed more than 36 hours after the Urban Charge Depleting Range 

Test, the vehicle shall be preconditioned pursuant to section G.5.1, except 

for vehicle charging. Sections G.5.1.1 through G.5.1.4 may be omitted if 

previously performed. 

(ii) Dynamometer run. At the end of the cold soak period, the 

vehicle shall be placed or pushed onto a dynamometer, and two UDDSs 

shall be performed during charge sustaining operation, each separated by 

a 10 minute key-off hot soak period. The vehicle must meet the SOC 

criterion in section G.10 from the start of the first UDDS until the end of the 

second UDDS. If the SOC criterion is not satisfied, the test shall be 

stopped, the vehicle cold soak shall be conducted again, and the 

dynamometer test run shall be conducted again. 
B-4-G-9 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(iii) Vehicle charging after testing. If the vehicle was not 

charged after the Urban Charge Depleting Range Test, then vehicle 

charging shall begin within three hours after the Urban Charge Sustaining 

Emission Test and the vehicle shall be charged to the manufacturer 

specified full state-of-charge. During charging, all requirements in G.3 

must be met, and energy consumption shall be calculated pursuant to the 

requirements in section G.11.7. 

5.5 Calculations - Urban Exhaust Emissions for Off-Vehicle Charge 

Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.144-94 [July 13, 2005] with the 

following revisions: 

5.5.1 Amend subparagraph (a): 

Gaseous Emissions – Urban Charge Depleting Range Test. 

For light-duty vehicles and light duty trucks: 

Ywm = 



















  

















n

n

c

c

D

Y

D

Y 0.43 0.57

 

Where: 

Ywm = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., THC, CO, 

THCE, NMOG, NMHCE, CH4, NOx, or CO2, in grams per vehicle 

mile. 

Yc = Mass emissions as calculated from the cold start UDDS, in grams 

per test. 

Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start UDDS, in miles. 

n = number of hot start UDDSs in Charge Depleting operation 

If there are no charge depleting hot start cycles, then use the next 

hot start cycle (after the cold start cycle) in the test sequence for 

the purpose of determining hot start emissions. For this case (no 

charge depleting hot start cycle), the manufacturer may optionally 

add one additional hot start cycle for an n=2. 

Gaseous Emissions – Urban Charge Sustaining Emission Test. 

For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks: 

Ywm = 0.43 * 















c

c

D

Y + 0.57 * 















h

h

D

Y

 
B-4-G-10 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Where: 

Ywm = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., THC, CO, 

THCE, NMOG, NMHCE, CH4, NOx, or CO2, in grams per vehicle 

mile. 

Yc = Mass emissions as calculated from the cold start UDDS, in grams 

per test. 

Yh = Mass emissions as calculated from the hot start UDDS, in grams 

per test. 

Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start UDDS, in 

miles. 

Dh = The measured driving distance from the hot start UDDS, in miles. 

5.5.2 Subparagraphs (b) through (e). [No change.] 

5.6 Calculations - Urban Particulate Emissions for Off-Vehicle Charge 

Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.145-82 [November 2, 1982] with 

the following revisions. References to §86.110-94 shall mean §86.110-94 as last 

amended June 30, 1995. 

5.6.1 Amend subparagraph (a): 

Particulate Emissions – Urban Charge Depleting Range Test. 

The final reported test results for the mass particulate (Mp) in grams/mile 

shall be computed as follows: 

Mp = 0.43 * 















c

pc

D

M

 + 0.57 * 



















n

pn

D

M

Where: 

Mpc = Mass of particulate determined from the cold start UDDS, in 

grams per vehicle mile. (See §86.110-94 for determination.) 

Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start UDDS, in 

miles. 

n = number of hot start UDDSs in Charge Depleting operation 

If there are no charge depleting hot start cycles, then use the next 

hot start cycle (after the cold start cycle) in the test sequence for 

the purpose of determining hot start emissions. For this case (no 

charge depleting hot start cycle), the manufacturer may optionally 

add one additional hot start cycle for an n=2. 

Particulate Emissions – Urban Charge Sustaining Emission Test. 
B-4-G-11 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

The final reported test results for the mass particulate (Mp) in grams/mile 

shall be computed as follows: 

Mp = 0.43 * 















c

pc

D

M

 + 0.57 * 















h

ph

D

M

 

Where: 

Mpc = Mass of particulate determined from the cold start UDDS, in 

grams per vehicle mile. (See §86.110-94 for determination.) 

Mph = Mass of particulate determined from the hot start UDDS, in grams 

per vehicle mile. (See §86.110-94 for determination.) 

Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start UDDS, in 

miles. 

Dh = The measured driving distance from the hot start UDDS, in miles. 

5.6.2 Subparagraph (b). [No change.] 

5.6.3 Equivalent All-Electric Range shall be calculated in accordance 

with section G.11 of these test procedures. 

6. Highway Test Provisions for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles. 

Vehicles with more than one mode of operation of the auxiliary power unit (e.g., 

economy mode, performance mode, etc.) for a given charge depleting or charge 

sustaining test cycle must be tested in the mode(s) which represents the worst case 

emissions of the auxiliary power unit. Confirmatory testing may also be performed in 

any mode of operation to ensure compliance with emission standards. 

The third emission test HFEDS of the Highway Charge Sustaining Test shall be 

used to calculate highway NOx emissions and must be within the SOC criterion in 

section G.10. As an option, the manufacturer may perform the Highway Charge 

Sustaining Test with two emission test HFEDSs provided that the second HFEDS meets 

the SOC criterion in section G.10. In this case, the second HFEDS shall be used to 

calculate emissions. 

Highway NOx emissions may be determined from the HFEDS in the Highway 

Charge Depleting Range Test that demonstrates charge sustaining operation. 

6.1 Vehicle Preconditioning.
B-4-G-12 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

If the Highway Charge Depleting Range Test is performed within 36 hours after 

completion of either the Urban Charge Depleting Range Test or the Urban Charge 

Sustaining Emission Test, the vehicle shall be preconditioned pursuant to sections 

G.5.1.9 through G.5.1.10, without canister preconditioning. If the Highway Charge 

Depleting Range Test is performed more than 36 hours after completion of either the 

Urban Charge Depleting Range Test or the Urban Charge Sustaining Emission Test, 

the vehicle shall be preconditioned pursuant to section G.5.1, without canister 

preconditioning. Sections G.5.1.1 through G.5.1.4 may be omitted if previously 

performed. 

If the Highway Charge Sustaining Emission Test is performed within 36 hours after 

completion of either the Urban Charge Depleting Range Test, the Urban Charge 

Sustaining Emission Test, or the Highway Charge Depleting Range Test, the vehicle 

shall be preconditioned pursuant to section G.5.1.9 without canister preconditioning. If 

the Highway Charge Sustaining Emissions Test is performed more than 36 hours after 

completion of either the Urban Charge Depleting Range Test, the Urban Charge 

Sustaining Emission Test, or the Highway Charge Depleting Range Test, the vehicle 

shall be preconditioned pursuant to section G.5.1 without canister precondition and 

vehicle charging. Sections G.5.1.1 through G.5.1.4 may be omitted if previously 

performed. 

6.2 Highway Dynamometer Procedure for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §600.111-08 [December 27, 2006] 

with the following revisions. This section G.6.2 shall apply during both charge 

sustaining and charge depleting operation. 

6.2.1 Subparagraph (a). [n/a] 

6.2.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows: 

6.2.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(2): The highway fuel economy test 

is designated to simulate non-metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 

mph and a maximum speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 

stop per mile and consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis 

dynamometer through a specified driving cycle. A proportional part of the diluted 

exhaust emission is collected continuously for subsequent analysis of THC, CO, 

CO2, and NOx using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler. Diesel dilute 

exhaust is continuously analyzed for hydrocarbons using a heated sample line 

and analyzer. Alcohol and formaldehyde samples are collected and individually 

analyzed for alcohol-fueled vehicles. 

6.2.2.2 Replace subparagraph (b)(6) with: Cold soak: The vehicle 

shall be stored at an ambient temperature not less than 68oF (20oC) and not 
B-4-G-13 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

more than 86oF (30oC) for 12 to 36 hours. At the end of the cold soak period, the 

vehicle shall be placed or pushed onto a dynamometer.

6.2.2.3 Amend subparagraph (b)(7)(i): The Highway Charge 

Sustaining Emission Test is conducted cold, and after charge sustaining 

operation has been reached, or an optional charge sustaining test mode has 

been activated, and no subsequent charge has been performed. 

 At the end of the cold soak period, the vehicle shall be placed or pushed onto a 

dynamometer. A cold start HFEDS followed by three emission measurement

HFEDSs, separated by a 15 second key-on hot soak period, shall be performed. 

The vehicle must meet the SOC criterion in section G.10 for the third emission 

measurement HFEDS. As an option the manufacturer may perform two emission 

measurement HFEDSs in lieu of three emission measurement HFEDSs, if the 

SOC criterion is satisfied for the second emission measurement HFEDS. If the 

SOC criterion is not satisfied, the test shall be stopped, and the procedure shall 

be repeated starting at section G.6.2.2.2. 

6.2.2.4 Amend subparagraph (b)(7)(iii): One exhaust sample and 

one background sample per each HFEDS shall be collected and analyzed for 

THC (except diesel hydrocarbons which are analyzed continuously), CO, CO2, 

and NOx. Alcohol and formaldehyde samples (exhaust and dilution air) are 

collected and analyzed for alcohol-fueled vehicles. 

6.2.2.5 Add subparagraph (b)(7)(v): For vehicles that do not allow 

manual activation of the auxiliary power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set 

at a level that causes the vehicle to operate the auxiliary power unit for the 

maximum possible cumulative amount of time during the HFEDS preconditioning 

cycle. For vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary power unit, 

battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer. 

6.2.2.6 Amend subparagraph (b)(9)(v): Operate the vehicle over the 

continuous highway test schedule, consisting of repeated HFEDSs according to 

the dynamometer driving schedule specified in §600.109-08(b) [December 27, 

2006]. If the auxiliary power unit is capable of being manually activated, the 

auxiliary power unit shall be manually activated at the beginning of and operated 

throughout the HFEDS preconditioning cycle. 

6.2.2.7 Amend subparagraph (b)(9)(vi): When the vehicle reaches 

zero speed between each HFEDS, the driver has 17 seconds to prepare for the 

HFEDS emission measurement cycle of the test. During the idle period, one of 

the following conditions shall apply: 
B-4-G-14 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(a) For vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated, the vehicle shall remain turned on during the idle 

period. 

(b) For vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated, the vehicle shall remain turned on with the auxiliary 

power unit operating during the idle period. 

6.2.2.8 Add subparagraph (b)(9)(viii): At the conclusion of the 

HFEDS emission test, the following conditions shall apply: For vehicles that do 

not allow the auxiliary power unit to be manually activated and are chargesustaining over the HFEDS, record the battery state-of-charge to determine if the 

SOC criterion in section F.10 is satisfied. If the SOC criterion is not satisfied, 

then repeat the dynamometer test run from subparagraph (b)(9)(vi) and 

(b)(9)(vii). Up to three highway emission tests shall be allowed to satisfy the 

SOC criterion. 

6.2.2.9 Delete subparagraph (b)(10). 

6.2.3 Delete subparagraphs (c) through (e). 

6.3 Determination of Highway All-Electric Range and Highway Equivalent 

All-Electric Range for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

6.3.1 The Highway All-Electric Range shall be defined as the distance 

that the vehicle is driven from the start of test until the internal combustion engine 

starts. 

6.3.2 Highway Charge Depleting Range Test. 

(i) Vehicle preconditioning. The vehicle shall be 

preconditioned pursuant to section G.6.1. 

(ii) Dynamometer run. At the end of the cold soak period, the 

vehicle shall be placed or pushed, onto a dynamometer and operated 

through the Continuous Highway Test Schedule until the State–of-Charge 

Net Change Tolerances (specified in section G.10 of these test 

procedures) that indicate charge sustaining operation is met for one 

HFEDS. The Alternative Continuous Highway Test Schedule may be 

substituted for the Continuous Highway Test Schedule if the test facility is 

unable to perform the Continuous Highway Test Schedule. Refer to 

section G.11, for calculations of highway exhaust emissions and equivalent 

all-electric range, respectively. Emissions are measured for all test cycles 

when the auxiliary power unit is operating. For each test cycle for which 

emissions were not measured, the manufacturer must validate that the 

auxiliary power unit did not turn on at any time during the test cycle. 
B-4-G-15 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(iii) Vehicle charging after testing. Vehicle charging shall 

begin within three hours after the Highway Charge Depleting Range Test 

and the vehicle shall be charged to the manufacturer specified full stateof-charge. During charging, all applicable requirements in section G.3 

must be met, and energy consumption shall be calculated according to the 

requirements in section G.11.7. If the manufacturer provides 

supplemental data demonstrating that the energy required to charge the 

vehicle from highway charge sustaining operation to full charge is 

equivalent (within ± 1% of the AC energy) to the energy required to charge 

the vehicle from urban charge sustaining operation to full charge, then the 

energy required to charge the vehicle from urban charge sustaining 

operation to full charge may be used to determine highway energy 

consumption pursuant to section G.11.7. Data shall be approved in 

advance by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board. 

6.3.3 Highway Charge Sustaining Emission Test. The Highway 

Charge Sustaining Emission Test is conducted cold, and after charge sustaining 

operation has been reached, or an optional charge sustaining test mode has 

been activated, and no subsequent charge has been performed: 

(i) Vehicle preconditioning. The vehicle shall be 

preconditioned pursuant to section G.6.1. 

(ii) Dynamometer run. At the end of the cold soak period, the 

vehicle shall be placed or pushed onto a dynamometer. A cold start 

HFEDS followed by three emission measurement HFEDSs, separated by 

a 15 second key-on hot soak period, shall be performed. The vehicle 

must meet the SOC criterion in section G.10 for the third emission 

measurement HFEDS. As an option, the manufacturer may perform two 

emission measurement HFEDSs in lieu of three emission measurement 

HFEDSs, if the SOC criterion is satisfied for the second HFEDS. If the 

SOC criterion is not satisfied, the test shall be stopped, and the procedure 

shall be repeated starting at section G.6.3.3. 

6.3.4 Equivalent All-Electric Range shall be calculated in accordance 

with section G.11 of these test procedures. 

7. SFTP Emission Test Provisions for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles. 

Vehicles with more than one mode of operation of the auxiliary power unit (e.g., 

economy mode, performance mode, etc.) for a given charge depleting or charge 

sustaining test cycle must be tested in the mode(s) which represents the worst case 

emissions of the auxiliary power unit. Confirmatory testing may also be performed in 

any mode of operation to ensure compliance with emission standards. 
B-4-G-16 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

7.1 US06 Vehicle Preconditioning.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.132-00 [October 22, 1996] with 

the following revisions. This section G.1 shall apply during charge sustaining 

operation or at an optional charge sustaining test mode that has been activated, 

if no subsequent charge has been performed. 

7.1.1 Subparagraphs (a) through (m). [No change.] 

7.1.2 Amend subparagraph (n) Aggressive Driving Test (US06) 

Preconditioning. as follows: 

7.1.2.1 Amend subparagraph (1) as follows: If the US06 test 

follows the exhaust emission urban, highway, or evaporative testing, the 

refueling step may be deleted and the vehicle may be preconditioned 

using the fuel remaining in the tank (see paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 

section). The test vehicle may be pushed or driven onto the test 

dynamometer. For vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary 

power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed 

by the manufacturer, and the auxiliary power unit shall be manually 

activated at the beginning of and operated throughout the US06 

preconditioning cycle. 

7.1.2.1.1 Subparagraphs (i) through (iv). [No change.] 

7.1.2.2 Subparagraph (2). [No change.] 

7.1.3 Subparagraph (o). [No change.] 

7.2 US06 Emission Test. 

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.159-08 [December 27, 2006] 

with the following revisions. This section 7.2 shall apply during charge sustaining 

operation or at an optional charge sustaining test mode that has been activated, 

if no subsequent charge has been performed. 

7.2.1 Amend subparagraph (a): Overview. The dynamometer operation 

consists of a single, 600 second test on the US06 driving schedule, as described 

in appendix I, paragraph (g), of this part. The vehicle is preconditioned in 

accordance with §86.132-00, to bring it to a warmed-up stabilized condition. This 

preconditioning is followed by a 1 to 2 minute idle period that proceeds directly 

into the US06 driving schedule during which continuous proportional samples of 

gaseous emissions are collected for analysis. If engine stalling should occur 

during testing, follow the provisions of §86.136-90 (engine starting and 

restarting). For vehicles with Otto-cycle auxiliary power units, the composite 
B-4-G-17 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

samples collected in bags are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For 

vehicles with diesel-cycle auxiliary power units, THC is sampled and analyzed 

continuously according to the provisions of §86.110. Parallel bag samples of 

dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. The US06 cycle after 

the preconditioning cycle shall be used to calculate emissions and shall meet the 

state-of-charge net tolerances as calculated in section G.10. 

7.2.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows. 

7.2.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(2): Position the test vehicle 

on the dynamometer and restrain. 

7.2.3 Subparagraph (c). [No change.] 

7.2.4 Amend subparagraph (d): Practice runs over the prescribed driving 

schedule may be performed at test point to permit sampling system adjustment. 

7.2.5 Subparagraph (e). [No change.] 

7.2.6 Amend subparagraph (f) as follows. 

7.2.6.1 Amend subparagraph (f)(2)(i): Immediately after 

completion of the preconditioning cycle, idle the vehicle. The idle period is 

not to be less than one minute or not greater than two minutes. During the 

idle period, one of the following conditions shall apply: 

(i) For vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated, the vehicle shall remain on during the idle period. 

 (ii) For vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated, the vehicle shall remain turned on with the auxiliary 

power unit operating during the idle period. 

7.2.6.2 Amend subparagraph (f)(2)(ix): At the completion of 

the test US06 cycle, determine if the SOC criterion in section G.10 is 

satisfied. If the SOC criterion is not satisfied, then repeat the 

dynamometer test run from subparagraph (f)(2)(i), without the 

preconditioning cycle. Up to three US06 emission tests shall be allowed 

to satisfy the SOC criterion. The idle period between multiple test cycles 

shall not to be less than one minute and not greater than two minutes. For 

the final test cycle, turn off the vehicle two seconds after the end of the 

last deceleration. During the idle period between multiple test cycles, one 

of the following conditions shall apply: 
B-4-G-18 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(i) For vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated, the vehicle shall remain on during the idle 

period. 

 (ii) For vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated, the vehicle shall remain turned on with the 

auxiliary power unit operating during the idle period. 

7.3 SC03 Vehicle Preconditioning.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.132-00 [October 22, 1996] with 

the following revisions. This section 7.3 shall apply during charge sustaining 

operation or at an optional charge sustaining test mode that has been activated, 

if no subsequent charge has been performed. 

7.3.1 Subparagraphs (a) through (n). [No change.] 

7.3.2 Amend subparagraph (o): Air Conditioning Test (SC03) 

Preconditioning. 

7.3.2.1 Amend subparagraph (1) as follows: If the SC03 test 

follows the exhaust emission urban, highway, or evaporative testing, the 

refueling step may be deleted and the vehicle may be preconditioned 

using the fuel remaining in the tank (see paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 

section). The test vehicle may be pushed or driven onto the test 

dynamometer. For vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary 

power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed 

by the manufacturer, and the auxiliary power unit shall be manually 

activated at the beginning of and operated throughout the SC03 

preconditioning cycle. 

7.3.2.1.1 Subparagraphs (i) and (ii). [No change.] 

7.3.2.2 Subparagraphs (2) through (3). [No change.] 

7.4 SC03 Emission Test.

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.160-00 [December 8, 2005] with 

the following revisions. This section 7.4 shall apply during charge sustaining 

operation or at an optional charge sustaining test mode that has been activated, 

if no subsequent charge has been performed. References to §86.162-03 shall 

mean §86.162-03 as adopted October 22, 1996. 

7.4.1 Amend subparagraph (a): Overview. The dynamometer 

operation consists of a single, 594 second test on the SC03 driving schedule, as 

described in appendix I, paragraph (h), of this part. The vehicle is preconditioned 
B-4-G-19 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

in accordance with §86.132-00 of this subpart, to bring the vehicle to a 

warmed-up stabilized condition. This preconditioning is followed by a 10 minute 

vehicle soak (vehicle turned off) that proceeds directly into the SC03 driving 

schedule, during which continuous proportional samples of gaseous emissions 

are collected for analysis. The entire test, including the SC03 preconditioning 

cycle, vehicle soak, and SC03 emission test, is either conducted in an 

environmental test facility or under test conditions that simulate testing in an 

environmental test cell (see §86.162-03 (a) for a discussion of simulation 

procedure approvals). The environmental test facility must be capable of 

providing the following nominal ambient test conditions of: 95o

F air temperature, 

100 grains of water/pound of dry air (approximately 40 percent relative humidity), 

a solar heat load intensity of 850 W/m2

, and vehicle cooling air flow proportional 

to vehicle speed. Section 86.161-00 discusses the minimum facility 

requirements and corresponding control tolerances for air conditioning ambient 

test conditions. The vehicle’s air conditioner is operated or appropriately 

simulated for the duration of the test procedure (except for the 10 minute vehicle 

soak), including the preconditioning. If engine stalling should occur during 

testing, follow the provisions of §86.136-90 (engine starting and restarting). For 

vehicles with Otto-cycle auxiliary power units, the composite samples collected in 

bags are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For vehicles with 

diesel-cycle auxiliary power units, THC is sampled and analyzed continuously 

according to the provisions of §86.110. Parallel bag samples of dilution air are 

analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. The SC03 cycle after the 

preconditioning cycle shall be used to calculate emissions and shall meet the 

state-of-charge net tolerances as calculated in section G.10. 

7.4.2 Amend subparagraph (b) as follows. 

7.4.2.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(2): Position the test vehicle 

on the dynamometer and restrain. 

7.4.3 Amend subparagraph (c) as follows. 

7.4.3.1 Amend subparagraph (c)(9): Start vehicle (with air 

conditioning system also running). If the auxiliary power unit of the vehicle 

is capable of being manually activated, the auxiliary power unit shall be 

manually activated at the beginning of and operated throughout the SC03 

emission test. Fifteen seconds after the vehicle starts, begin the initial 

vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule. 

7.4.4 Amend subparagraph (d) as follows. 

7.4.4.1 Amend subparagraph (d)(10): At the conclusion of 

the SC03 emission test, one of the following conditions shall apply: 
B-4-G-20 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(i) For vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated and are charge-sustaining over the SC03 test, record 

the battery state-of-charge to determine if the SOC criterion in section 

G.10 is satisfied. If the SOC criterion is not satisfied , then turn off the 

engine and the cooling fan(s), allow the vehicle to soak in the ambient 

conditions of paragraph (c)(5) of this section for 10 ± 1 minutes, and 

repeat the dynamometer test run from subparagraph (d). Up to three 

SC03 emission tests shall be attempted to satisfy the SOC criterion. 

(ii) For vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit to be manually 

activated, turn off the vehicle two seconds after the end of the last 

deceleration. 

7.4.5 Subparagraph (e). [No change.] 

7.5 Optional Cold Start US06 Range Test.

7.5.1 Cold soak and vehicle charging. The vehicle shall be stored at 

an ambient temperature not less than 68o

F (20oC) and not more than 86oF 

(30oC) for 12 to 36 hours. During this time, the vehicle battery shall be charged 

to a full state-of-charge. The vehicle must be turned off during charging. Charge 

time shall not exceed soak time. 

7.5.2 At the end of the cold soak period, the vehicle shall be placed or 

pushed onto a dynamometer, and shall be driven on a continuous US06 test 

cycle until either: 

(a) the auxiliary power unit starts, or 

(b) the vehicle can no longer meet the speed trace limits of the 

US06 driving schedule as specified in CFR 86 Appendix I to within 2 mph 

higher than the highest point on the trace within 1 second for the upper 

limit or within 2 mph lower than the lowest point on the trace within 1 

second for the lower limit. 

When either of these conditions is met, the test shall be ended. The range for 

this test, in miles, shall be the distant driven from the start of the test to when 

condition (a) or (b) is met. Emission sampling is not required for this test. 

8. 50o

F and 20oF Test Provision for Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles. 

50 oF testing shall be conducted pursuant to section FG.5 with the 

modifications in Part II, Section C of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Year Passenger Cars, Light 

Duty Trucks, and Medium Duty Vehicles” and the additional following revisions. 
B-4-G-21 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

20 oF testing shall be conducted pursuant to section G.5 and shall include the 

temperature provisions in 40 CFR Part 86 Subpart C - Emission Regulations for 1994 

and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty 

Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test 

Procedures. 

For 50 oF and 20 oF charge depleting testing, vehicle charging, prior to emissions 

testing, shall be performed during the soak period at 50 oF and 20 oF, respectively. 

8.1 To satisfy test requirements for the 50oF emission test, the vehicle shall be 

tested in the worst case (NMOG + NOx) of the urban charge depleting range test or 

urban charge sustaining emission test as defined in section FG.5. To satisfy test 

requirements for the 20oF emission test, the vehicle shall be tested in the worst case 

(CO) of the urban charge depleting range test or urban charge sustaining emission test 

as defined in section FG.5. For the 20oF and 50oF emission tests, the vehicle is not 

required to meet SOC net tolerances. 

8.2 If the worst case for emissions is charge sustaining operation, the vehicle 

shall be preconditioned, and one of the following two emission test options must be 

performed. 

(i) A three phase test that includes phase one as the first 505 seconds 

of the UDDS, phase two as 506 seconds to the end of the UDDS, a 10 minute 

key-off soak period, and phase three the first 505 seconds of the UDDS. The 

first two phases test shall be counted as the first UDDS and the second and third 

phases will constitute the second UDDS. Emission weighting is as follows: 

Ywm = 



















  





















2 3

2 3

1 2

1 2 0.43 0.57

D D

Y Y

D D

Y Y

Where: 

Ywm = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., THC, CO, 

THCE, NMOG, NMHCE, CH4, NOx, or CO2, in grams per 

vehicle mile. 

Y1 = Mass emissions as calculated from phase one of the three 

phase test. 

Y2 = Mass emissions as calculated from phase two of the three 

phase test. 

Y3 = Mass emissions as calculated from phase three of the three 

phase test. 

D1 = The measured driving distance from phase one of the three 

phase tests, in miles. 

D2 = The measured driving distance from phase two of the three 

phase tests, in miles. 

D3 = The measured driving distance from phase three of the three 

phase tests, in miles. 
B-4-G-22 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(ii) A two phase test that includes phase one as a UDDS, a 10 minute keyoff soak period, and phase two as a UDDS. Emission weighting for the four 

phase test will follow the procedure outlined in section G.5.5.1. 

8.3 If measurement of worst case emissions requires the urban charge 

depleting range test to be performed, the vehicle shall be preconditioned and fully 

charged. The continuous urban test schedule shall then be performed. The UDDS, in 

which the auxiliary power unit first starts, shall be the cold UDDS. Emissions shall be 

sampled according to one of the options in section G.8.2. For the three phase test 

option, if the auxiliary power unit starts in phase two of the UDDS, phase one emissions 

are considered zero for emission calculation purposes. Emissions are weighted 

according to section G.8.2. 

9. Additional Provisions. 

9.1 Confirmatory testing may be performed on all tests to establish if higher 

emissions occur at different states-of-charge in charge depleting mode. This is to 

ensure that cold start and other emissions standards are not exceeded at other 

operating SOCs. 

9.2 Confirmatory testing may be performed on the US06 test or the 

manufacturer may provide data to show that potential cold start off-cycle emissions are 

controlled to the extent that they are controlled for the UDDS. 

9.3 Confirmatory testing may be performed on vehicles equipped with an 

optional charge sustaining operation mode selector with selector set to simulate charge 

sustaining operation or in actual charge sustaining operation in accordance with section 

F of these test procedures. 

9.4 For an example of an off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle 

with all-electric range and blended operation that has charge depleting actual range and 

charge depleting cycle range, please see section I, Figure 1. 

9.5 For an example of charge depleting to charge sustaining range with and 

without transitional range and end of test conditions, please see section I, Figure 2. 

9.6 When determining the SOC tolerance during testing, the current drive 

cycle may be aborted if the SOC tolerance is met for previous drive cycle. 

9.7 If the manufacturer determines there is insufficient fuel to run the 

subsequent test, the manufacturer may perform a fuel drain and fill or add fuel pursuant 

to the provisions of the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles.” 
B-4-G-23 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

10. State-of-Charge Net Change Tolerances. 

10.1 For vehicles that use a battery as an energy storage device, the following 

state-of-charge net change tolerance shall apply: 

(Amp-hrfinal)max = (Amp-hrinitial) + 0.01 





















V K1

NHV m

system

fuel fuel 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = (Amp-hrinitial) - 0.01 





















V K1

NHV m

system

fuel fuel 

Where: 

(Amp-hrfinal)max = Maximum allowed Amp-hr stored in battery at the end 

of the test 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = Minimum allowed Amp-hr stored in battery at the end 

of the test 

(Amp-hrinitial) = Battery Amp-hr stored at the beginning of the 

test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in 

Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

K1 = Conversion factor, 3600 seconds/hour 

Vsystem = Open circuit voltage (OCV) that corresponds to the 

SOC of the target SOC during charge sustaining 

operation. This value shall be submitted for testing 

purposes, and it shall be subject to confirmation by 

the Air Resources Board. 

An alternate state-of-charge net tolerance may be used if shown to be technically 

necessary and if approved in advance by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources 

Board. 

10.2 For vehicles that use a capacitor as an energy storage device, the 

following state-of-charge net change tolerance shall apply: 

(Vfinal)max =  

C

NHV m

V fuel fuel

initial

 

 

2

0.01 2

(Vfinal)min =  

C

NHV m

V fuel fuel

initial

   2

0.01 2

Where: 
B-4-G-24 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

(Vfinal)max = The stored capacitor voltage allowed at the end of the 

test 

(Vfinal)min = The stored capacitor voltage allowed at the end of the 

test 

V2

initial = The square of the capacitor voltage stored at the beginning 

of the test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

C = Rated capacitance of the capacitor, in Farads 

10.3 For vehicles that use an electro-mechanical flywheel as an energy storage 

device, the following state-of-charge net change tolerance shall apply: 

(rpmfinal)max =  

3

2 2

0.01

I K

NHV m

rpm

fuel fuel

initial 

 

 

(rpmfinal)min =  

3

2 2

0.01

I K

NHV m

rpm

fuel fuel

initial 

   

Where: 

(rpmfinal)max = The maximum flywheel rotational speed allowed at the 

end of the test 

(rpmfinal)min = The minimum flywheel rotational speed allowed at the 

end of the test 

rpm 2

initial = The squared flywheel rotational speed at the beginning of 

the test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

K3 = Conversion factor, 2 2

2

3600sec

4

 rpm

 

I = Rated moment of inertia of the flywheel, in kg-m2
B-4-G-25 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

11. Calculations – Equivalent All-Electric Range for Off-Vehicle Charge 

Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 

11.1 Charge Depleting CO2 Produced means the cumulative tailpipe CO2

emissions produced, Mcd, in grams per mile during the charge depleting cycle range. 

Mcd = Σ Yi

where: 

Yi = The sum of the CO2 grams per mile in the charge depleting mode 

from each test cycle (UDDS or HFEDS) 

i = Number (UDDS or HFEDS) of the test over the charge depleting 

cycle range, Rcdc 

 

11.2 Charge Sustaining CO2 Produced - urban means the cumulative tailpipe 

CO2 emissions produced, Mcs, in grams per mile, during the cold start charge sustaining 

urban test. 

Mcs =  



 



   

c

cdcu c

c h D

R D

Y Y

where: 

Rcdcu = Urban Charge Depleting Cycle Range, in miles 

Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start UDDS, in 

miles 

Yc = Grams per mile CO2 emissions as calculated from the cold start 

UDDS 

Yh = Grams per mile CO2 emissions as calculated from the hot start 

UDDS 

11.3 Charge Sustaining CO2 Produced - highway means the grams per mile 

tailpipe CO2 emissions produced, Mcs, during the cold start charge sustaining highway 

test. 

Mcs = h

h

cdch Y

D

R

















where: 

Rcdch = Highway Charge Depleting Cycle Range, in miles 

Dh = The measured driving distance from the hot start HFEDS, in 

miles 

Yh = Grams per mile emissions as calculated from the hot start 

HFEDS 
B-4-G-26 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

 11.4 Urban Equivalent All-Electric Range (EAERu) shall be calculated as 

follows: 

EAERu = cdcu

cs

cs cd R

M

M M















 

where: 

Mcs is as defined in G.11.2. 

Mcd is as defined in G.11.1, using the UDDS test cycle. 

11.5 Highway Equivalent All-Electric Range (EAERh) shall be calculated as 

follows: 

 

EAERh = cdch

cs

cs cd R

M

M M





 



 

where: 

Mcs is as defined in G.11.3. 

Mcd is as defined in G.11.1, using the HFEDS test cycle. 

Rcdch is as defined in G.11.3 

11.6 Electric Range Fraction (%). 

The Electric Range Fraction means fraction of the total miles driven 

electrically (with the engine off) for blended operation hybrid electric vehicles. 

The Urban Electric Range Fraction (ERFu) is calculated as follows: 

ERFu (%) = 100 















cda

u

R

EAER

The Highway Electric Range Fraction (ERFh) is calculated as follows: 

ERFh (%) = 100 















cdah

h

R

EAER
B-4-G-27 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

11.7 Equivalent All-Electric Range Energy Consumption. 

The Urban Equivalent All-Electric Range Energy Consumption (EAERECu) 

shall be calculated as follows: 

 

EAERECu (wh/mi) = 

u

cd

EAER

E

where: 

Ecd = Total electrical energy used to fully charge the vehicle battery 

from an external power source after the charge depleting test has been 

completed. This shall be calculated for both AC and DC energy. 

The Highway Equivalent All-Electric Range Energy Consumption 

(EAERECh) shall be calculated as follows: 

 

EAERECh (wh/mi) = 

h

cd

EAER

E

where: 

Ecd = Total electrical energy used to fully charge the vehicle battery 

from an external power source after the charge depleting test has been 

completed. This shall be calculated for both AC and DC energy. 

11.8 The Urban Charge Depleting Cycle Range, Rcdcu, (see section H for an 

illustration of Rcdcu) shall be defined as the distance traveled on the Urban Charge 

Depleting Procedure up to the UDDS prior to where the state-of-charge is above the 

lower bound state-of-charge tolerance for one test cycle given by: 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = (Amp-hrinitial) – 0.01 * 



















V K1

NHV m

system

fuel fuel

 

Where: 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = Minimum allowed Amp-hr stored in battery at the end of the 

test 

(Amp-hrinitial) = Battery Amp-hr stored at the beginning of the test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

K1 = Conversion factor, 3600 seconds/hour 

Vsystem = Open circuit voltage (OCV) that corresponds to the SOC of 

the target SOC during charge sustaining operation. This 

value shall be submitted for testing purposes, and it shall be 

subject to confirmation by the Air Resources Board. 
B-4-G-28 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

11.9 The Charge Depleting Actual Range, Rcda, shall be defined as the range at 

which the state-of-charge is first equal to the average state-of-charge of the one or two 

UDDSs used to end the Urban Charge Depleting Test. This range must be reported to 

the nearest 0.1 miles. For an illustration of Rcda see section I. 

11.10 The Charge Depleting to Charge Sustaining Urban Range shall be defined 

as the distance driven in miles from the start of the Urban Charge Depleting Test 

through the UDDS preceding the one or two UDDSs used to end the Urban Charge 

Depleting Test. 

11.11 The Highway Charge Depleting Cycle Range, Rcdch, shall be defined as 

the sum of the distance traveled on the Highway Charge Depleting Test up to the 

HFEDS prior to where the state-of-charge is above the lower bound state-of-charge 

tolerance for one test cycle given by: 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = (Amp-hrinitial) – 0.01 * 



















V K1

NHV m

system

fuel fuel

Where: 

(Amp-hrfinal)min = Minimum allowed Amp-hr stored in battery at the end of the 

test 

(Amp-hrinitial) = Battery Amp-hr stored at the beginning of the test 

NHVfuel = Net heating value of consumable fuel, in Joules/kg 

mfuel = Total mass of fuel consumed during test, in kg 

K1 = Conversion factor, 3600 seconds/hour 

Vsystem = Open circuit voltage (OCV) that corresponds to the SOC of 

the target SOC during charge sustaining operation. This 

value shall be submitted for testing purposes, and it shall be 

subject to confirmation by the Air Resources Board. 

11.12 The Charge Depleting to Charge Sustaining Highway Range shall be 

defined as the distance driven in miles from the start of the Highway Charge Depleting 

Test through the HFEDS preceding the final HFEDS. 

11.13 The Urban Equivalent All Electric Range for vehicles with an urban charge 

depleting actual range greater than 40 miles, EAERu40, is determined through the 

following equation: 

EAERu40 (miles) = 



 



 

100

ERF 40mi u
B-4-G-29 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

12. The Calculations of the Combined Green House Gas Regulatory 

Rating of Off-vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles 

12.1 The combined Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions value is determined by 

the following equation. 

GHGPHEV, combined = 0.55 * (GHGurban) + 0.45 * (GHGhighway) (Eq. 1) 

12.2 The urban GHG emissions value for off-vehicle charge capable hybrid 

electric vehicles is calculated using the following equations. 

12.2.1 The urban GHG emissions value is determined by the following 

equation. 

     

      urban urban Nurban

i

upstream i cs urban

N

i

i

N

i

cd AC i

i

CD i

urban i GHG UF G UF Y

D

Y GHG UF 1

.

1 1

. .

. ( ) *( ) ( ) (1 ( ))*( )

 

(Eq. 2) 

Where, 

GHGurban = Rated urban GHG emissions for PHEV, in gCO2e/mile

i = Number of charge-depleting urban test cycle 

Nurban = Total number of urban test cycles in charge depleting to charge sustaining 

range (Rcdtcs)

UFi

 = Utility factor for urban test cycle i 

YCD.i = Mass emissions of CO2 in grams per vehicle mile, for the “i”th test 

in the charge depleting test 

D.i = Distance of the “i”th urban test cycle, in miles. 

GHGcd.AC.i = Rated GHG emissions for test cycle i, in gCO2e/mile 

Ycs.urban = Weighted mass emissions of CO2 in grams/mi of the charge sustaining test.

Gupstream = Gasoline upstream factor = 0.25 * GHGtarget. 

12.2.2 The Charge Depleting to Charge Sustaining Range (Rcdtcs) is the 

total number of cycles driven at least partially in charge depleting mode times the 

cycle distance. Cycles meets charge sustaining criterion are not included in the 

Rcdtcs. The Rcdtcs includes the transitional cycle, where the vehicle may have 

operated in both depleting and sustaining modes. 

12.2.3 The utility factors for urban and highway cycles are provided in the 

following table. 
B-4-G-30 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

Utility factors for each PHEV drive cycle test with charge-depletion operation 

Test cycle 

number 

Test cycle utility factor 

Urban, UFi Highway, UFj

1 0.176 0.233 

2 0.141 0.172 

3 0.112 0.127 

4 0.091 0.095 

5 0.074 0.071 

6 0.059 0.054 

7 0.049 0.041 

8 0.039 0.032 

9 0.033 0.025 

10 0.027 0.020 

11 0.023 0.017 

12 0.019 0.013 

12.2.4 This charge-depleting GHG rate from electricity use in each test cycle is defined 

by the following equation:

GHGcd.AC.i = GHGgrid * Ecd.AC.i (Eq. 3) 

Where, 

GHGcd.AC.i = Rated GHG emissions for charge-depleting PHEV, in gCO2e/mile

Ecd.AC.i = Urban or highway charge depleting electricity use, in kWh/mile 

GHGgrid = Lifecycle California electricity GHG intensity, 270 gCO2e/kWh 

12.2.5 The urban or highway charge depleting electricity use is defined by the following 

formula: 

N cd AC total

i

cd DC i

cd DC i

cd AC i E

E

E E . .

1

. .

. .

. . *



 (Eq. 4) 

Where, 

N = Total number of test cycles in the charge depleting to charge 

sustaining range (Rcdtcs) of the urban or highway charge 

depleting test. 

Ecd.AC.i = AC kWh consumed in the “i”th cycle of the charge depleting 

test. 

Ecd.DC.i = Depleted DC energy for the “i”th cycle in the charge 

depleting test. It is defined in section F.3.4 of these test 

procedures. 

Ecd.AC.total = Charge-depleting net AC energy consumption is determined 

according to section F.3.4 of these test procedures. 
B-4-G-31 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

12.2.6 The Ycs.urban , which is the weighted CO2 mass emissions of the 

charge-sustaining test, is determined by the following equation, which can be found 

in section F.5.5 of these test procedures. 

H

H

C

C

CS Urban D

Y

D

Y Y .  0.43*  0.57 * (Eq. 5) 

Where, 

YCS.Urban = Weighted mass emissions of CO2 in grams/mi of the charge 

sustaining test.

YC = Mass emissions as calculated from the cold start UDDS, in grams 

per cycle. 

YH = Mass emissions as calculated from the hot start UDDS, in grams 

per cycle. 

DC = The measured driving distance from the cold start UDDS, in 

miles. 

DH = The measured driving distance from the hot start UDDS, in miles. 

12.3 The highway GHG emissions value for off-vehicle charge capable hybrid 

electric vehicles is calculated using the following equation. 

     

     

highwayn highway Nhighway

j

upstream j cs highway

N

j

i

N

j

cd AC j

j

CD j

highway j GHG UF G UF Y

D

Y

GHG UF 1

.

1 1

. .

. ( }*( ) ( ) (1 ( )) *( )

(Eq. 7) 

Where,

GHGhighway= Rated highway GHG emissions for PHEV, in gCO2e/mile

j = Number of charge-depleting highway test cycle 

Nhighway = Total number of highway test cycles in charge depleting to charge sustaining 

range (Rcdtcs)

UFj = Utility factor for highway test cycle j (see Table 1)

YCD.j = Mass emissions of CO2 in grams per vehicle mile, for the “j”th test in the charge 

depleting test 

Dj = Distance of the HFEDS cycle, in miles. 

GHGcd.AC.j = Rated GHG emissions for test cycle j, in gCO2e/mile (see Eq. 3) 

Ycs.highway = Mass emissions of CO2 in grams/mi of the highway charge sustaining emission 

test, which can be found in section F.6.3.3 of these test procedures.

Gupstream = Gasoline upstream factor 0.25 * GHGtarget
B-4-H-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

H. Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicle Exhaust 

Emission Test Sequence.

[This page left intentionally blank for formatting purposes.] 
B-4-H-2 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 

Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

 Off-Vehicle Charge Capable HEV Exhaust Emissions 

Test Sequence 

* Equivalent to within ± 1% of AC energy used to charge battery to full state of charge 

12 – 36 hour cold soak, 

canister preconditioning 

12 – 36 hour cold soak

Highway Cold Start Charge Sustaining Emission Test

US06 Charge Sustaining Emission Test

SC03 Charge Sustaining Emission Test

Urban Charge Sustaining Emission Test

Highway Charge Depleting Range Test

Urban Charge Depleting Range Test

12 – 36 hour cold soak, charge, 

canister preconditioning 

Drain & Fuel

Vehicle Preconditioning: 1 CS UDDS minimum

Cold Soak 6 hours

Drain & Fuel

Start

Is CS Ecd Equivalent* to Urban CD range test ?

N

Y Charge and record energy

Discharge

12 – 36 hour cold soak, charge 

and record energy 
B-4-I-1 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

I. Examples of Off-Vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicle Terminology.

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B-4-I-2 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012

SOC 

Charge Depleting 

 Cycle Range, 

Rcdc = 22.5 mi 

Charge SustainingOperation 

UDDS 1 

-1% Fuel Energy Used for Lower Boundary (Cycles 4

UDDS 2 UDDS 3 UDDS 4 UDDS 5 

+1% Fuel Energy Used for Upper Boundary (Cy

End of Test 

Example of an Off-Vehicle Charge Capable HEV with 

AER and Blended Operation 

Undergoing the Urban Charge Depleting Range Test 

Charge Depleting 

 Actual Range, 

 Rcda = 18 mi Avg SOC 

(C

AER = 10 mi 

EAER = 13.7 mi 

Engine Start 

Figure 1
B-4-I-3 

As Amended: March 22, 2012 Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012