UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

BEFORE THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSI 

In the Matter of 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

ECM BioFilms~ Inc.~ 

a corporation, alSo d/b/a 

Enviroplastics International 

Docket No. 9358 

PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

COMPLAINT COUNSEL'S RENEWED MOTION TO COMPEL AND 

MOTION FOR SANCTIONS 

Pursuant to Rules 3.37 and 3.38, Complaint Counsel respectfully requests that the Court 

enter an order compelling Respondent to provide its Email Archive immediately and sanctioning 

Respondent for its failure to abide by its discovery obligations and our agreement pertaining to 

outstanding discovery. In consideration for Complaint Counsel's withdrawal of its January 23 

motion to compel production of documents ("Motion"), Respondent agreed, inter alia, to 

produce all responsive documents from its Email Archive by February 21,2014. 1 Respondent's 

counsel notified us on February 20 that it would not produce more than 50,000 pages (more than 

half of the production) until March 14, 2014.2 

Respondent's unjustified failure to comply with its discovery obligations or adhere to the 

parties' agreement unfairly prejudices Complaint Counsel's efforts to obtain timely discovery. 

Accordingly, we ask the Court to enter an order (1) compelling ECM to produce the rest of the 

Email Archive immediately; (2) overruling and deeming waived all ofECM's objections to the 

outstanding document requests and claims as to privilege; (3) amending the Scheduling Order to 

Any capitalized terms used and not defined herein have the meanings set forth in the 

Motion to Compel. 

2 As ofFeb. 27, Respondent produced a total of51,518 pages, up from 45,000 as ofthe 

21st. 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

allow Complaint Counsel additional time to conduct fact discovery with respect to the lateproduced documents; (4) granting Complaint Counsel the right to conduct additional depositions 

in Washington, DC with respect to the late-produced documents; and (5) prohibiting ECM from 

affirmatively introducing any of the late-produced documents in support of its case, its 

affirmative defenses, or in rebuttal. The grounds for the requested relief are more fully set forth 

below. 

BACKGROUND 

A. ECM's Prior Refusal to Produce Most Responsive Documents. 

Complaint Counsel's First Request for Production of Documents ("RFPD") requested, 

among other things, documents relating to ECM-customer communications and to the 

functioning of, substantiation for, and perception ofthe additive technology. See Mot. to 

Compel at Ex. CCX-A: I. ECM had 30 days to respond. Rule 3.38(b). On the December 27, 

2013, response date, ECM had only produced a handful of documents. See Mot. to Compel at 2. 

ECM claimed searching and producing its documents was burdensome. Complaint 

Counsel made numerous concessions to alleviate the claimed burden on Respondent and 

engender a timely response. !d. These efforts culminated in a proposal in which ECM would 

merely have to produce the Summary Database and documents responsive to 50 search terms. 

!d. at 3. ECM rejected this offer, making a counter-proposal that would have left us completely 

at the mercy ofECM's timetable. !d. 3-4. 

B. The Motion to Compel and the Parties' Agreement Resolving the Motion. 

On January 23, we filed the Motion for an order requiring ECM to turn over its 

responsive documents immediately, or accept our final proposal. See generally id. After fully 

briefing the issue but before. the Court ruled on the merits, ECM agreed to provide the remainder 

ofthe Summary Database entries before ECM's deposition, and all of the responsive documents 

2 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

from its Email Archive by February 21st, before the deposition of three key witnesses. 3 See 

CCX- A:l (email exchange between parties' counsel); CCX-A:2 (2/6/14letter from 

Respondent's counsel); see also Withdrawal ofMot. to Compel, filed February 7, 2014 

("Withdrawal"). In exchange, we agreed to withdraw the Motion. !d. On February 20, a day 

before the remaining Email Archive production was due, Respondent's counsel informed us 

orally that ECM would not produce more than half of the responsive documents until March 

14th. CCX-A:3 (2/21114 email from Respondent's counsel). 

LEGAL STANDARD 

Under Rule 3.37, ECM's responses to the RFPD were due within 30 days. Rule 3.38(b) 

provides that "[i]f a party ... fails to comply with any discovery obligation ... the 

Administrative Law Judge ... may take such action in regard thereto as is just" to remedy the 

prejudice suffered by the other party. 16 C.P.R.§ 3.38(b). The Court may order, among other 

things, that "the [non-compliant] party may not introduce into evidence or otherwise rely, in 

support of any claim or defense, upon ... the documents." See 16 C.P.R.§ 3.38(b)(4). 

Sanctions are appropriate where the party's failure to comply is unjustified. See, e.g., In 

re Polypore Int'l, Inc., 2009 WL 1353457, * 2-3; In re The Grand Union Co., 1983 WL 486347, 

*208, 102 F.T.C. 812, 1089 (1983). 4 The sanction imposed must be reasonable in light of the 

material withheld and be tailored to mitigate the prejudice suffered. Jd. Sanctions are 

particularly appropriate when a party delays the production of documents on the cusp of 

discovery cut-off and impending depositions. In re Heritage Bond Litig., 223 F.R.D. 527,530 

(C.D. Cal. 2004) (citing Payne v. Exxon Corp., 121 F.3d 503, 508 (9th Cir. 1997)). 

3 Complaint Counsel noticed the deposition of Thomas Nealis (ECM sales manager), Alan 

Poje (former ECM employee), and Dr. Timothy Barber (scientist) to take place the first week of 

March. 

4 Prior to 2009, the Commission required a showing that the party against whom sanctions 

were sought had violated a court order in addition to unjustified non-compliance. Now, as a 

prerequisite to ordering relief, the moving party need only show that the party failed to comply 

"with any discovery obligation imposed by [the] rules." Rule 3.38. 

3 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

ARGUMENT 

A. ECM Failed to Abide by its Discovery Obligation and the Parties' Agreement. 

Under Rule 3.37, ECM's responses to the RFPD were due on December 27,2013. After 

several rounds of failed negotiations, Complaint Counsel filed the Motion. In consideration for 

our agreement to withdraw the Motion, Respondent specifically agreed to produce the entire 

Email Archive, subject only to a few limitations, by February 21st. See CCX-A:l-2; see also 

Withdrawal at 1-2. Despite the parties' agreement, ECM produced less than half of the 

documents in the Email Archive on the deadline, and informed us that it will not complete its 

production until March 14. This excessive delay is exactly the prejudice that Complaint Counsel 

sought to avoid when it filed the Motion. 

Prior to our Motion, ECM offered to produce documents on a rolling basis from the 

Email Archive between the end of January and Mid-March. We rejected this offer because ECM 

would not guarantee it would complete the production before the close of discovery. Mot. to 

Compel at 3-4. ECM then offered to produce the documents by February 21, and we reached an 

agreement based on that promise. See Withdrawal at 1-2. As we explained in our Motion and 

reply, there are several outstanding discovery requests. Mot. to Compel at 5; Reply at 2-4, filed 

February 6, 2014. These now will be more than two months late. 

B. The Proposed Sanctions are Warranted. 

Sanctions under Rule 3.38 are warranted where "the party's failure to comply is 

unjustified; and[] the sanction imposed 'is reasonable in light of the material withheld and the 

purposes ofRule 3.38(b)."' See Polypore, 2009 WL 1353457, * 2-3; Grand Union, Dkt. 9121, 

1983 WL 486347, *208 (July 18, 1983). Here, both requirements are easily satisfied. 

1. ECM's failure to comply is unjustified. 

An unjustified failure to comply with a discovery obligation arises where the explanation 

for non-compliance is inadequate. Grand Union, 1983 WL 48634 7, *208; see also In re Amrep 

Corp., Dkt. 9018, Ruling Re Alleged Deficiencies in Respondent's Compliance with Complaint 

4 

-~-------------------------------~.---------------
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

Counsel's Subpoenas Duces Tecum {April21, 1976) ("Amrep Order") at 3-4.5 ECM's refusal to 

produce these documents consistent with our agreement is completely unjustified and follows a 

pattern of resistance to our discovery efforts. 

First, ECM refused to produce any documents at all until the Court ruled on the motion 

pertaining to discovery directed at its customer lists. Next, ECM refused to produce its current 

customer communications from the Summary Database. Then, ECM refused to produce 

revenues by customer, requiring the Court to order it to do so. ECM next refused to produce the 

Email Archive because searching it is supposedly burdensome for the CEO. And finally, most 

recently, it sought another protective order to prevent third-party discovery directed at its current 

customers. 

Despite its obligation to produce these highly relevant and probative documents by 

February 21, ECM offered only one reason for the delay: its CEO and President, who is taking 

on the primary responsibility for reviewing the files contained in the Email Archive, has 

underestimated the scope of responsive documents. 6 CCX -A:3. This rehashing of its prior 

burden argument stems from ECM's unreasonable position that the CEO himself must search the 

documents for privilege and responsiveness, thus protracting the time it takes to produce 

documents. Mot. to Compel at 5-7. Moreover, ECM now has had over three months to review 

and produce these documents. This explanation for non-compliance is inadequate. Amrep Order 

at 4 (ALJ found r~spumltmts' ass~rtiun that subpoenaed material had to be manually retrieved 

from 50,000 files inadequate when respondent had nearly a half-year to perform the search). 

5 Pursuant to the Court's November 21,2013 Scheduling Order, a copy of the Amrep 

Order is attached hereto as CCX-A:4. 

6 Respondent's counsel also suggests that our depositions ofECM, the CEO, and the CFO 

are to blame for the delay. See CCX-A:3. But this completely ignores that these depositions 

were noticed well before the parties reached an agreement. It also ignores Respondent's 

obligation to investigate and ensure it could comply with the terms of the agreement and to 

notify us in a timely manner when it became clear it could not. 

5 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

2. The proposed sanctions are reasonable and tailored to address the harm. 

The proposed sanctions must be "reasonable in light of the material withheld and the 

purposes of Rule 3.38(b)." 16 C.F.R. § 3.38(b)(4). The purpose of Rule 3.38(b) is to promote 

discovery. In re Int'l Tel. & Tel. Corp., 104 F.T.C. 280 (1984); Dkt. 9000, 1984 WL 565367, 

*128 (July 25, 1984). As explained in our Motion, it is beyond dispute that the documents at 

issue are necessary to guide further fact discovery. Mot. to Compel at 5. The Rules do not 

countenance a production so late as to defeat their purpose. See In re Basic Research LLC, 2004 

FTC LEXIS 248 (Dec. 29, 2004) (granting motion to compel where "rolling production" led to 

several-month delay). 

Unlike most federal court litigation, this administrative litigation has a discovery 

schedule that is too short to allow any party unilaterally and materially to delay responding to 

discovery requests. Even ifECM produces the Email Archive by March 14, we will have less 

than three weeks before the April3rd discovery cut-off. This is insufficient time to review the 

documents, fashion and serve appropriate additional requests for admissions, or conduct 

depositions of any fact witnesses based on the contents of the documents. Furthermore, the 

February 28 deadline to issue subpoenas duces tecum, interrogatories, and document requests 

will have long-since passed. 

a. ECM Should Produce the Email Archive Immediately. 

Respondent agreed to produce the Email Archive by February 21, and failed to notify us 

that it would not be able to comply until a day before the production was due. Although an order 

compelling ECM to produce its Email Archive immediately is a necessary first step, it will not 

fully mitigate the prejudice caused by ECM's delay. 7 Accordingly, we propose additional 

sanctions to address and remedy each consequence of ECM' s conduct. 

7 Complaint Counsel agreed to withdraw its only means of compelling ECM to comply 

with its discovt:ry obligations in a timdy manner based on ECM's illusory promise. No matter 

what happens now, ECM will not produce the documents on any timeframe other than the one it 

unilaterally chose. In fact, Respondent emphasized in the meet-and-confer that this motion will 

not accelerate ECM's production anyway. 

6 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

b. The Court Should Overrule ECM's Objections and Deem its Privileges 

Waived. 

Sanctions are particularly appropriate when a party is deprived of any meaningful 

opportunity to follow up on information or incorporate it into its litigation strategy, such as when 

a party delays the production of documents as the discovery cut-off date rapidly approaches and 

depositions are imminent. In re Heritage Bond Litig., 223 F.R.D. at 530. Loss of objections and 

privileges are appropriate sanctions when a party fails to timely respond to a document request. 8 

"Any other result would ... completely frustrate the time limits contained in the [ ] rules and 

give license to litigants to ignore the time limits for discovery without any adverse 

consequences." REIMAX Int'l, Inc. v. Trendsetter Realty, LLC, Civ. No. H-07-2426, 2008 WL 

2036816, *5 (S.D. Tex. May 9, 2008). 

Any order to compel production also must preclude ECM from capitalizing on further 

delay. ECM's agreement to produce the Email Archive was subject only to certain limitations to 

remove confidential and privileged information. CCX-A:1-2. Given ECM's inability (or 

refusal) to conduct these reviews in a timely fashion, the appropriate remedy is for the Court to 

overrule and deemed waived ECM's objections and privileges for these documents. 9 

c. ECM Has Consented to An Extension of Fact Discovery. 

The Scheduling Order set February 28 as the deadline to issue duces tecum, 

interrogatories, and document requests. Respondent concedes our need to extend fact discovery. 

CCX-A:3. But this concession alone is inadequate to address all of the other prejudices 

identified herein. Thus, we request extending the fact discovery deadline (for Complaint 

Counsel only) to address the prejudice from not having the documents in time to conduct 

necessary discovery. 

See, e.g., Enrun Curp. Suv. Plan v. Hewitt Assuc., LLC, 258 F.R.D. 149, 156-159 (S.D. 

Tex. 2009) (and cases cited therein). 

9 Complaint Counsel previously agreed to accept documents without review and subject to 

a clawback agreement. See Mot. to Compel at 3. 

7 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

We also request that if the documents show a need for further questioning of those 

witnesses deposed after February 21, the Court order that (1) Complaint Counsel may notice 

second depositions as it sees fit; the depositions shall be conducted (2) at the FTC's offices in 

Washington, DC, and (3) at Respondent's expense. Complaint Counsel is spending significant 

amounts of time and money to travel to Ohio to depose three key witnesses. If additional 

depositions are necessary because ECM breached its agreement, ECM should bear the burden of 

time and expense. 

d. ECM Should be Prohibited from Using Late-Produced Documents. 

ECM agreed to provide these documents by February 21. By waiting until a day before 

the production was due under the agreement, when it would have been obvious much sooner that 

it would not meet the deadline, ECM maximized the prejudice of the delay, stalling this motion 

to compel and the discovery process in general. During this time, ECM has had possession of 

these documents to prepare its case. It should not be able to benefit from its dilatory conduct. 

Therefore, we seek an order prohibiting ECM from affirmatively introducing or relying on any 

------- ·----~~~~~~------

ofthe late-produced documents. See 16 C.F.R. § 3.38(b)(4). 

CONCLUSION 

For these reasons, Complaint Counsel respectfully asks the Court to order Respondent to 

produce the Email Archive and enter an appropriate order. 

Dated: February 28, 2014 

8 

Respectfully submitted, 

Is/ Katherine Johnson 

Katherine Johnson (kjohnson3@ftc.gov) 

Jonathan Cohen Qcohen2@ftc.gov) 

Elisa Jillson (ejillson@ftc.gov) 

Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. M-8102B 

Washington, DC 20580 

Phone: 202-326-2185; -2551; -3001 

Fax: 202-326-2551 

-·-·-----------------
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

STATEMENT CONCERNING MEET AND CONFER 

The undersigned counsel certifies that Complaint Counsel conferred with Respondent's 

counsel in a good faith effort to resolve by agreement the issues raised by Complaint Counsel's 

Renewed Motion to Compel and Motion for Sanctions. On February 27,2014, Complaint 

Counsel (Katherine Johnson, Jonathan Cohen, and Elisa Jillson) and Respondent's Counsel 

(Jonathan W. Emord, Peter A. Arhangelsky, and Lou Caputo) communicated by email about the 

issues that gave rise to these motions. Complaint Counsel (Katherine Johnson and Jonathan 

Cohen) and Respondent's Counsel (Peter A. Arhangelsky) communicated by telephone on 

February 28, 2014. The parties have been unable to reach an agreement on the issues raised in 

the attached motion. 

Dated: February 28,2014 

9 

Respectfully submitted, 

/s/ Katherine Johnson 

Kathenne Johnson (kjohrison3@ftc.gov) 

Jonathan Cohen (jcohen2@ftc.gov) 

Elisa Jillson (ejillson@ftc.gov) 

Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. M-8102B 

Washington, DC 20580 

Phone: 202-326-2185; -2551; -3001 

Fax: 202-326-2551 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 

I hereby certify that on February 28, 2014, I caused a true and correct copy of the 

foregoing to be served as follows: 

One electronic copy to the Office of the Secretary, and one copy through the FTC's e-filing system: 

DonaldS. Clark, Secretary 

Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Room H-159 

Washington, DC 20580 

Email: secretary@ftc.gov 

One electronic copy and one hard copy to the Office of the Administrative Law Judge: 

The Honorable D. Michael Chappell 

Administrative Law Judge 

600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Room H-110 

Washington, DC 20580 

One electronic copy to Counsel for the Respondent: 

Jonathan W. Emord Peter Arhangelsky 

Emord & Associates, P.C. Emord & Associates, P.C. 

11808 WolfRun Lane 3210 S. Gilbert Road, Suite 4 

----------------~c~Iiftouun~,~v~A~20~12~4L---------------------~~Ma~k~~~,~A~z~~~6--------------------------

Email: jemord@emord.com Email: parhangelsky@emord.com 

Lou Caputo 

Emord & Associates, P.C. 

3210 S. Gilbert Road, Suite 4 

Chandler, AZ 85286 

Email: lcaputo@emord.com 

I further certify that I possess a paper copy of the signed original of the foregoing 

document that is available for review by the parties and the adjudicator. 

Date: February 28, 2013 

10 

Is/ Katherine Johnson 

Katherine Johnson (kjohnson3@ftc.gov) 

Jonathan Cohen Qcohen2@ftc.gov) 

Elisa Jillson (ejillson@ftc.gov) 

Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. M-8102B 

Washington, DC 20580 

Phone: 202-326-2185; -2551; -3001 

Fax: 202-326-2551 

~~~ --- -·~-··~~·.---~-------~------~~~----~-- ~-·- -~~-------~--~--- -~~~-~----~------ ~----
Complaint Counsel 

Exhibit A 

CCX-A 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

BEFORE THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 

In the Matter of 

ECM BioFilms, Inc., 

a corporation, also d/b/a 

Enviroplastics International 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

Docket No. 9358 

PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

DECLARATION OF KATHERINE JOHNSON IN SUPPORT OF COMPLAINT 

COUNSEL'S RENEWED MOTION TO COMPEL AND MOTION FOR SANCTIONS 

In accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1746, I declare under penalty of perjury that the 

following is true and correct: 

1. I am over 18 years of age, and I am a citizen of the United States. I am employed 

by the Federal Trade Commission {"FTC") as an attorney in the Division of Enforcement in the 

Bureau of Consumer Protection. I am an attorney of record in the above-captioned matter, and I 

have personal knowledge of the facts set forth herein. 

2. Attachment A:l hereto is a true and correct copy of an email string between 

parties' counsel. 

3. Attachment A:2 hereto is a true and correct copy of a letter dated February 6, 

2014, from Respondent's counsel. 

4. Attachment A:3 hereto is a true and correct copy of an email dated February 21, 

2014 from Respondent's counsel. 

5. Attachment A:4 hereto is a true and correct copy of the Ruling Re Alleged 

Deficiencies in Respondent's Compliance with C:ompls:1tnt Counsel's Snbpoenst'l ntu:P.s TP.r.u.m 

filed April21, 1976, inln reAmrep Corp., Dkt 9018. 

Executed this 28th of February 2014 in Washington, D.C. 

CCX-A at 1 

I '. 
Complaint Counsel 

Exhibit A 

Attachment 1 

CCX-A:l 
From: 

To: 

Cc: 

Subject: 

Date: 

Jonathan: 

Johnson Katherine 

"Jonathan Emord"; Cohen. Jonathan; Peter Arhangelskv 

Jillson. Elisa; Lou Caputo 

RE: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

Friday, February 07, 2014 10:07:00 AM 

PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

Thank you for the clarification. Based on the corrections and clarifications below, we agree to 

withdraw our motion to compel. I can't promise it will be done by noon, but we can notify the Court 

by the end of the day. 

However, we need clarify one point. By designating the material confidential it becomes a attorneys 

eyes only." This includes, under paragraph 7 of the protective order, a personnel retained by the 

Commission as experts or consultants for this proceeding." Thus, to the extent that the Email 

Archive yields documents that our experts in this case would need to consider in forming their 

opinions, e.g., tests conducted by ECM customers, they will be shared with our experts. 

Katherine 

Katherine E. Johnson, Attorney 

Division of Enforcement 

Bureau of Consumer Protection 

Federal I rade Comm1ss1on 

600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Mail stop M-81028 

Washington, DC 20580 

Direct Dial: (202) 326-2185 

Fax: (202) 326-2558 

Email: kjohnson3@ftc:gov 

From: Jonathan Emord [mailto:JEmord@emord.com] 

Sent: Friday, February 07, 2014 9:56AM 

To: Cohen, Jonathan; Peter Arhangelsky 

Cc: Jillson, Elisa; Johnson, Katherine; Lou caputo 

Subject: RE: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

Importance: High 

Dear Jonathan: 

Concerning your interest in obtaining international customer correspondence, we have conferred 

with our client and can represent on ECM's behalf that it will be providing you with aH of its 

correspondence with international customers and all of its customer specific revenue information 

with those customers, to the extent not already supplied, for the period between January 1, 2009 

and the present. We hereby correctively amend our email of yesterday to delete the word 

"domestic." 

Second, to the extent ECM still has internal email files, those will be included in the email archives 

CCX-A:1 at 1 

---------------·--------------------------------
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

that will be produced. If ECM employees did not include their emails in the archived 

correspondence PDFs, ECM will not have those records. Furthermore, as Peter stated, ECM's 

internal written correspondence is generally limited. 

Please note, under the protective order in this case, we designate all of the correspondence 

between ECM and its customers as well as the revenue listings as highly confidential. We note, in 

particular, that this information cannot be shared with experts, particularly in light of the fact that 

almost all experts in this field have direct or indirect fiduciary duties to or financial ties with 

competitors of ECM. 

I hope this answers your questions. Please let me know on or before Noon Eastern today if you will 

withdraw the pending motion to compel. If you decide against that course, or if we do not hear 

from you by Noon Eastern, we will file the surreply shortly thereafter. 

Sincerely, 

Jonathan W. Emard 

From: Cohen, Jonathan [mailto:jcohen2@ftc.gov] 

Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2014 8:12 PM 

To: Peter Arhangelsky 

Cc: Jillson, Elisa; Johnson, Katherine; Jonathan Emard; Lou Caputo 

Subject: RE: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

Peter, 

Two quick questions (and my co-counsel may have others): 

(1) What's the basis for limiting the production to "domestic" ECM customers? You didn't 

mention that limit this afternoon. 

(2) I understand you've indicated that there may be very few internal communications. 

However, to the extent they exist, are they all included within the "customer correspondence 

files" you describe in the second paragraph? 

Thanks, 

Jonathan Cohen 

Enforcement Division I Bureau of Consumer Protection I Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., M-8102B Washington, D.C. 20580 

(202) 326-2551 I jcohen~@ftc.gov 

From: Peter Arhangelsky [mailto:PArhangelsky@emord.com] 

Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2014 7:42PM 

To: Cohen, Jonathan 

CCX-A:1 at 2 

-------------------- --------
Cc: Jillson, Elisa; Johnson, Katherine; Jonathan Emord; Lou Caputo 

Subject: RE: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

Counsel: 

PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

We agree to the terms of the joint motion, even if the court will not accept it. You also have our 

consent to withdraw the joint motion. 

As we discussed this afternoon, I have attached our discovery letter. Please inform us if you have 

questions. Should we fail to agree by tomorrow at Noon Eastern, we will be obliged to file our 

Surreply. However submission of that brief should not limit our ability to reach an agreement on 

these points. 

Sincerely, 

Peter A. Arhangelsky, Esq. I EMaRD & AssoctAres, P.C. I 3210 S. Gilbert Rd., Ste 4 I Chandler, AZ 

85286 

Firm: (602) 388-8899 I Direct: (602) 334-4416 I Facsimile: (602) 393-4361 I www emord.com 

.t:!..QI!cr: This is a confidential communication intended for the recipient listed above. The content of this 

communication is protected from disclosure by the attorney-client privilege and the work product doctrine. If 

you are not the intended recipient, you should treat this communication as strictly confidential and provide it to 

the person intended. Duplication or distribution of this communication is prohibited by the sender. If this 

communication has been sent to you in error, please notify the sender and then immediately destroy the 

document. 

From: Cohen, Jonathan [mailto:jcohen2@ftc.gov] 

Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2014 4:32 PM 

To: Peter Arhangelsky; Jonathan Emard 

Cc: Jillson, Elisa; Johnson, Katherine 

Subject: RE: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

Counsel, 

(1) Do we have your agreement to the terms of the joint motion (along with Peter's 

clarification at 1:47 EST this afternoon), even if the Court will not accept the motion now? 

(2) As it's a joint motion, do we have your consent to withdraw it? 

Jonathan Cohen 

Enforcement Division I Bureau of Consumer Protection I Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., M-8102B Washington, D.C. 20580 

(202) 326-2551 I jcohen""~@tk.gov 

From: Pelzer, Lynnette 

Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2014 5:23 PM 

To: Cohen, Jonathan; Jillson, Elisa; Johnson, Katherine; Arhangelsky, Peter; Emord, Jonathan 

Cc: Arthaud, Victoria; Gebler, Hillary; Gross, Dana 

CCX-A:1 at3 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

Subject: RE: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

Dear Counsel, 

Per Judge Chappell, the above pending joint motion is too speculative or uncertain at this time to be 

granted. However, to alleviate the parties' concerns, in the event the discovery deadline needs to 

be extended at some point, a joint motion at that time will be considered favorably. Accordingly, 

the best practice at this time would be for the parties to file a Notice of Withdrawal of this pending 

joint motion. 

From: OALJ 

Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2014 3:52PM 

To: Arthaud, Victoria; Gebler, Hillary; Pelzer, Lynnette 

Subject: FW: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

From: Cohen, Jonathan 

Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2014 3:51:37 PM 

To: OALJ 

Cc: Jillson, Elisa; Johnson, Katherine 

Subject: ECM Biofilms, No. 9358 

Auto forwarded by a Rule 

Please see the attached Joint Motion To Reset the Fact Discovery Deadline, and an 

accompanying transmittal letter. We have forwarded hard copies as welL 

Thanks, 

Jonathan Cohen 

Enforcement Division I Bureau of Consumer Protection I Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., M-8102B Washington, D.C. 20580 

(202) 326-2551 I jcohen2@ftc.gov 

CCX-A:1 at4 
Complaint Counsel 

Exhibit A 

Attachment 2 

CCX-A:2 
February 6, 2014 

VIA EMAIL: 

Katherine Johnson (kjohnson3@ftc.gov) 

Elisa Jillson (ejillson@ftc.gov) 

Jonathan Cohen Gcohen2@ftc.gov) 

U.S. Federal Trade Commission 

600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, M-8102B 

Washington, D.C. 20580 

PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

A Professional 

WASHINGTON, D.C. I VIRGINIA I PHOENIX 

11808 WOLF RUN LANE 

CUFTON, VA 20124 

3210S. GILBERT ROAD 

SUITE4 

CHANOLER,AZ 85286 

(602) 388-8899 1 FAX (602) 393-4361 

1050 SEVENTEENTH STREET, N.W. 

SUIT£600 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036 

(202) 466-69371 FAX (202) 466-6938 

Peter A. Arhangelsky, Esq. 

602.334.4416 

parhangelsky@emord.com 

Re: No. 9358, In re ECM BioFilms; Document Production 

Dear Counsel: 

This letter follows our conversation of February 6, 2014 concerning Respondent ECM's 

discovery response. The production defined in this letter will render moot Complaint Counsel's 

pending Motion to Compel Production of Documents (filed January 23, 2014). 

ECM shall produce the entirety of its customer correspondence files contained in its 

archived electronic storage for the period of January 1, 2009 through January I, 2014. That 

production will include all files contained in ECM's electronic storage or database related to all 

domestic ECM customers. That production will be limited in the following ways. First, ECM 

will redact or expurgate its customers' confidential business information to the extent that 

information is defined by mutual confidentiality agreements executed with certain ECM 

customers. Second, ECM will redact or expurgate all information subject to privilege, including, 

e.g., the attorney work product privilege, the attorney-client privilege, and trade secret privileges. 

Third, because ECM will be required to produce bulk documents under short deadlines, ECM 

shall designate all correspondence with customers (and associated files) as confidential under the 

standing protective order. Thereafter ECM will refine its designations. 

ECM will timely respond to Complaint Counsel's second set of discovery requests, and 

provide all responsive documents under Complaint Counsel's first set of discovery requests, 

subject to the aforementioned limitations. ECM will produce all scientific and technical 

documents responsive to your discovery demand if those documents (l) are possessed by ECM 

and (2) were not already produced in prior productions. 

EMORD &AsSOCIATES,P.C. 

wASHINGTON, D.C.I V IRGINIA I ARIZONA CCX-A:2 at 1 

(202) 466-6937/FAX (202) 466-6938 

www.EMORD.COM 

.. - - ---.,.-- --------------- --- ----------------- - - --- ------·---
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

ECM will produce its archived files on a rolJing basis, meaning as it is retrieved and 

immediately after it is reviewed by counsel, on or before February 21, 2014. Thus, ECM agrees 

to complete the production by February 21,2014, subject to its obligation and right to amend or 

supplement discovery under 16 C.F .R. § 3.31 (e). ECM will produce the remainder of its 

Microsoft Access database summations (encompassing all emails, faxes, and phone calls from 

January 1, 2009 to the present) on or before February 12, 2014. ECM will not produce the MS 

Access notations in native format because the program produces records in PDF format, which 

have been supplied to Complaint Counsel in a "reasonably usable form." See 16 C.F.R. § 

3.37(c)(ii); see also 16 C.F.R. § 3.37(c)(iii) ("[a] party need not produce the same electronically 

stored information in more than one form"). 

ECM provides this proposal in a good faith effort to resolve outstanding discovery 

disputes. The Court has imposed a lpm Eastern deadline on February 7, 2014 to consider any 

surreply ECM may file in response to Complaint Counsel's pending Motion to Compel. ECM 

intends to file a Motion for Leave to File a Surreply no later than I 2:00pm Eastern, February 7, 

2014, unless Complaint Counsel agrees to withdraw or moot the pending motion before that 

time. 

Please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions. 

Sincerely, 

onathan W. Emord 

Peter A. Arhangelsky 

Counsel to Respondent ECM BioFilms, Inc. 

EMORD & AssOCIATES, P .C. 

WASHINGTON, D.C.! VIRGINIA I ARIZONA CCX-A:2 at2 

-·-- ·------ -~ --- -· -- -- ·----

(202) 466-6937/FAX (202) 466-6938 

www.EMORO.COM 
Complaint Counsel 

Exhibit A 

Attachment 3 

CCX-A:3 

~---------~~ 
From: 

To: 

Cc: 

Subject: 

Date: 

Counsel: 

Peter Arhanqelsky 

Johnson Katherine 

Cohen. Jonathan: Jonathan Emard; Lou Caputo; Jillson. Elisa 

ECM Document Production Scheduling 

Friday, February 21, 2014 7:22:41 PM 

PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

Per our discussion yesterday afternoon, February 20, 2014, ECM must extend the time for document 

production beyond February 21st. As of February 6th, the date we last conferred regarding this 

production (excluding our discussion yesterday), our client estimated before delving into the PDF 

files that production would embrace at least tens of thousands of pages. Now, having produced tens 

of thousands of pages, it is clear that the remaining responsive documentation is far greater. ECM 

has provided 31,764 pages of responsive information to date. It provided 5,400 pages yesterday. By 

Monday, ECM will have added approximately 13,000 pages, bringing its production to about 45,000 

pages. That production includes all documents still in ECM's possession exchanged with customers 

and third parties. Despite extraordinary efforts, ECM must still process at least another 50,000 

pages. ECM President Bob Sinclair testified that he is primarily responsible for gathering the 

responsive data. ECM's operations were disrupted this week during depositions which delayed Mr. 

Sinclair's efforts. Because of those interruptions, and the significant volume of responsive material 

discovered, ECM will require until March 14, 2014 to complete its document production. ECM will 

consent or agree to an extension of fact discovery to adjust for its revised production schedule. The 

scope of ECM's production offered under its February 6, 20141etter remains unchanged. 

Also, under our obligation to supplement discovery responses, we have additional information to 

report concerning the universe of discoverable electronic information. In May 2013, ECM's offices 

suffered a "brownout" power surge that destroyed most of its electronic systems and compromised 

electronic data. ECM was able to recover its server data, but was unable to recover files saved on 

individual workstations. ECM replaced those five workstations in June 2013. The universe of 

responsive electronic data is therefore drawn from those files that were backed-up to the server. 

We will produce documents reiJted to ECM's electronic losses in our next production expected this 

evening or over the weekend. In anticipation of that production, we request that your IT litigation 

department forward a new upload link. 

Please let us know if you wish to discuss this further. 

Best, 

Peter A. Arhangelsky, Esq. I EMORD & AssociATES, P.C. I 3210 S. Gilbert Rd., Ste 4 I Chandler, AZ 

85286 

Firm: (602) 388-8899 I Direct: (602) 334-4416 I Facsimile: (602) 393-4361 I www.emord.com 

~: This is a confidential communication intended for the recipient listed above. The content of this 

communication is protected from disclosure by the attorney-client privilege and the work product doctrine. If 

you are not the intended recipient, you should treat this communication as strictly confidential and provide it to 

the person intended. Duplication or distribution of this communication is prohibited by the sender. If this 

CCX-A:3 at 1 
PUBLIC DOCUMENT 

communication has been sent to you in error, please notify the sender and then immediately destroy the 

document. 

CCX-A:3 at2 
Complaint Counsel 

Exhibit A 

Attachment 4 

CCX-A:4 
Feb·. 26. 201 4. 10 :00AM I ron Mtn Boyers Ship ping 

l!~·:ITED .:.~ .. t . .' ~:S S r. ~ J\.J ~;.-~ ~ C.A 

BEFORE !i'ED'S~A I .. T~l~D:: O!·~' 3;:; :· :: 

In.the ·Matter of 

I"' /I' 

~~p C0RPORATiON, DOCKET NO. 9018 

a ~orpora tion. · 

RULING RE· ALLEG.ED DEFICIENCIES IN· ·REsPoNDENT • s· ·coMPLIANCE WITH_. 

CO~r?LAINT COUNSEL 1 S SUBPOENAS DUCES TECUlt~ 

Complaint Counsel obtained· a substaritiaJ.; subpoena 

duces tecum to discover Resp.on-dent' s !"iles · in June 1975 

and a brief suppletn$nt.aey subpoena in November 1975. ·. !-~u ch was turned over by Respondent but aftel" protracted n~gotiat1ons certain deficiencies are still alleged ~Y . Complaint Counsel to exist. They filed a "Report On 

Deficier.Gies, ete." dated November 12, 1975. and a· slight·ly 

reduced "Report" da~ed Apr~l 8, 1976., seeking a compliarw~ 

o,rder as a prelude to the applications of· sancti<:>ns under ~le §3.38. Under date of April 1~, 1976 ·Respondent in 

e-ffect answered the motion for a compliance order, · by -

moving to·deny Complaint Counsel's·motion. 

June lQ75 Subpoena ~ces. Te::·Uln . • ' ... . 

E,e,o'll"\ sp·c::.-ifi"'"" ... io-- --~> ~~--.t .. s·· oA'"l:> a;r~ ~ .. 1.·..: ... o . ••. ~ -·• """· ""-" v~• .• ~ ''"'"' v.~~.; ·\4.- · y .. ~ C :;,g ' \:A ~ 

have bee:!"· entirely una.nswer~c £#1··, 3, 17! 2~ , ?7) .. ~r 

inadequa ~, ely a..'"l.swered (#2., o, -...~, ·12, 19; 22... In .&.act, 

however, Complai-nt Couns·el' s concern is no~ ··really the a.bsen~e of.answers but the truthfulness of. answers." Of 

the first group, Specification #1, !or exaople, called 

for minutes and other records of meetings of various 

groups, including Respondent's Marketing.Committee 

!

relative to land advertising and sales),· Pricing Committee 

relative to land pricing policies), and Board_·bf Directors, 

relative to acquisition and resale of land~ etc.) Respon- dent•s return revealed nothing about its much used "dinner 

party sales system" and Complaint Counsel say that is 

incredible. 

CCX-A:4 at 1 

.. ·----- -------·-··-·----·-------·--· 
Fe b. 26. 20 14 10: OOAM Iron Mt n Boyers Shi ppin g 

Respondent answers t nat i ta esp nsive d0=umen~s 

mentic:1 no "dioae r party sales system" be~ause no such· do~ume nts were ~a ed, despite diligent sear=h therefor. 

'\1.1e are :10t a t l iberty to disrega.r d this affinnat ion or· 

Responde!1t's ~ouns el j.ust because Complaint Counsel have the i r 

suspicions. · I ndeed, as we read the spe~ifica on i nvolved we 

ourselves wo-uld not be verr, surpr·ised to find t hat a do~ument 

. referring to Respondent's 'dinner p arty sys t err.'' might well · f ail tc :nee t all the· ot he::- reoui.re~en'ts o!' such a colnple.x pe~ifi ~a t ion. 1:1 any even-t we ha·;e 't!ie wc r.c of Respondent Is 

Counsel· tha·t they found nothi ng resp.onsi ve to return· which 

referred to the · '' dinner p·arty sales. sy'st~m" . Comp.laint · Co~sel adduce not the slightest· evidence · to ·the ontrary~ · 

Of th'e se~ond group_, Specification #2, f9r example, call.ed for complaint·s , to ;Respondemt., details, internal · documents commenting thereon, d1s~1plinary actions taken 

and re ns~s to t.he · complainant ~oncerning sales pra:::tices 

of ~e spo aen t' s sales persone. · Respondent ·, s return reveal&d o~ly one· series of coriplaint letters from a single consumer 

out of t he thousands of c~stomers involved. Complaint ·Counsel 

are incredulous. Respondent answers that ·complaint Counsel ~pproved the letters sent out to Respondent 's subsidiaries 

for responsive matt er and affirm that all responses thereto 

were included in the subpoena return. It is o~e t hing to be 

suspicious -- and the ratio o r compl~ints to customers may, indeed, seem· unusual ror ·any sales project ... _ but susp1c1(')n 

is no substitute for proof of a false return. 

Returtfs· responsiv~ to t.he o~her specifi~atiohs follow 

about the sa~e pattern. Complaint· Counsel point to none or !~ igible retu!'ns to dema;H5s for sales p:r~c dure manuals. (#~) , e::tgine·e.ring · stw;a :es (#6), P.roposed or exi~tine; ~tilit~ · 

maps (#12 ), land appraisals (#17) , sales training ai~s (#19), 

tape recordings or transcripts or· tlinne r parties or sales 

meetings (#21)., spe~ifi ed slides· ar'ld homes-ite· fi~ms · (#27), ·etc • . In a.ll case~ Respondent's answer is simple. Dilig~~t search 

was made and what was found was produced. ' · 

Ass uming the t ruth of thes-e assertions, as we must do 

in the absence of proof to the contrary, even the p i ti.ful.ly 

meagre re t urns to this subpoena provide insufficient ground 

for a supplementary comp~ian~e order by the Ad~inistrative 

Law .Judr:e . Nor would they tr,r o-und sanctions under ·R-ule. §3-.38;. 

. . .. . 

CCX-A:4at2 
Fe b. 26. 2014 !O:OOAM Iron Mtn Boye rs Shipp ing 

~··n' : ... h· ; ... "0:1"'~rn.:.·: or:l,- ···1· 7:.... +h.o. '·' 1 1.rt, ., \·.dt-i ... ~·J la'·i"" .• g of ·r. • _ ..... ,._.;:: ~ • - - _ \.- .. .1 "" ). . ,, • • """•• '- V•..:.,. ! '-A.• -. - • i ..1-

diSCQ\'err. ~espondent ca nnot be compelled to turn over 

what it does not have and accordingly Complaint Counsel's 

motion for a compliance order looking to application of 

sanctio.n3unae.r Rule 3.38 f or w.ilful·. lrrit!:'lholding of discovers 

in response to the -June 1975 subpoena ouces tecum is hereby DENIED. 

Novetiber 1975 'Subt:>oena Du~es ·r-ecu.r.: 

The: second subpoena duces t~cum, however,. is a · horse 

of' a diffe.rent color. This one $pec1f~ed production of:. 

"SuQh : bo.oks . .,, r.ecords and documents, or in: 

lieu the.reof' , . a. computer tabulation· :that 

will d~sc ose 

1. the names, addresses and ac~ount 

number.s ~f all purchasers o.f land 

Tri Al.iREF Corporation's subdi vi'sions · (Rio Rancho· Estates, Sil·ver Spring1 -s 

Shores, Oakmont Shores and El Dorado .at Santa Fe) who sold or assigned their . corrt;r.acts to purchase .land to e third. pat-:t·y .; · and 

2. the names, aodress.es. and account 

n-qmbers of the purchaser o+ ea;:h 

such contract; 

d~ring the period January 1, 19?.9 to. date·." 

Such eviden.ce would Qbviousl.y gc to . the extent to which any 

resale market exi.~ ts fo·r lots pur~hased .. 19 · AJ-:ffiEP. Corl_>.o~ation' s 

subdi.visions, an ~ssue :rai·sed by para.grapns- 13 and 14 o.f· the 

Complaint wliic'h .Complain!; C9uns·el aenomina-ce ''.one o.f'the · central iss'\;les · of thi.s. case~'' 

Although Cotnplaint · Counsel's application tor. this · subpoena 

made it clear that resales by A.._!REP - custom~r:s· who had already 

obtained title */can be discovered via county land records · and were not the chief concern of this subpoena, the only responsive document returned by Respondent was a computer 

printout o~ tra.ns.fers by paid-in {deeded?). p".lr~hasers at 

Rio Rancho. · Nothing was produced. regarding.transfers by 

*I Apparently the eviden~e will show that A:.ffiEP policy \'IS~ 

to retain title ur.til installment payments were : ompleted. 

CCX-A:4 at 3 
Feb. 26. 2014 !O:OOAM Iron Mt n Boye rs Shi pping 

Rio Ran~ o pur~; asers still paJr lng en t heir contracts and 

nothing at· all \>Jas produced for purchasers at Silver Springs Shores, Oakmont or El wrado at Santa Fe. This is obviously 

a . very serious def'icien~y •. 

Respondent's excuse for non-produ~tion. is merely that 

no computer printouts of the missing information exist. 

However, Respondent's answer dated April 12; 1975 (p. 2) 

concedes that "such information might . be ascertainable by 

a. man~al inspection o! all of respondent's customer files . consisting of in excess o'f 50,000 f.ile.s.u .. Those ,f:iles are , thus responsive to the specificati.on of the November ~ubpoena. 

duces tecum and ~espondent 1s clearlY, in default .for failure 

to produce either ·the files or the documents .in each or &· 

verified summary t .hereof' which would yield the necessary · in~ormation. The absence of any swnmary records, if' such 

be the case, is no excuse for this default~ Although the fil~s may be voluminous, Respondent has had nearly a halfyear tc make its. file sea...rch bu-c i~ has apparently done .nothing. 

Accordingly~· the Ad·ministrative· Law Judge will now . proceed to. finding$ of fact and a preclusionary order un~er 

Rul.e §3.38. The findings will t>e to the effect that· (l) the 

withheld evidence, if produced, would have been adverse to 

the relev.ant contention.s o-:f Respondent; e.nd (2) tnere is no 

satisfactory resale m~rket fo·r the .lots of land s~ld ·by 

Respondent at any of the four projects which are the subject 

of this Qo~la.int. (3) Respondent will further be precluded 

from using or introcl~cing in evidence ·for any pur.pqse any docut2ent l':hich woul.d have been responsive ~c the sp,ecification 

of the i\ovember 197.5 su:,poena. Complaint Counsel will S\lbmit 

d.etailed d;rafts ·of··. 'b.oth . fino ings and the prelilhinaty order 

within 10 days and· Re$pondent ·may·conunent and/or object 

wi.th.in 10 days t .[!e,reafter before final adoption of suc-h. f"ind.ings and order by · the Admin;tstrative Law Ju.dg.e. 

April 21, 1976 

~u_(~·£~·· ~ul R. Teet.or 

Adntinistrative Law Judge 

CCX-A:4at4