The HONORABLE JOHN R. TUNHEIM, United States District Judge 1

for the District of Minnesota, sitting by designation.

 The Honorable Jean C. Hamilton, Chief Judge, United States

2

District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, adopting the

report and recommendation of the Honorable Thomas C. Mummert,

United States Magistrate Judge for the Eastern District of

Missouri.

___________

No. 96-2087

___________

Sylvester Hornbuckle, *

*

Appellant, * Appeal from the United States

* District Court for the

v. * Eastern District of Missouri.

*

Michael Groose, *

*

Appellee, *

___________

 Submitted: December 13, 1996

 Filed: February 5, 1997

___________

Before WOLLMAN and MURPHY, Circuit Judges, and TUNHEIM, District 1

Judge.

___________

WOLLMAN, Circuit Judge.

Sylvester Hornbuckle appeals from the district court's denial of his 2

28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition. We affirm.

I.

On February 1, 1986, Hornbuckle attacked and robbed Robert and Emily

Sudhoff in a parking lot in a St. Louis suburb. On May 14, 1987,

Hornbuckle was convicted of two counts of first-degree robbery, four counts

of armed criminal action, and two counts of
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kidnapping. The Missouri Court of Appeals reversed his convictions on

April 26, 1988. The Missouri Supreme Court granted transfer and affirmed

Hornbuckle's convictions on April 18, 1989. See State v. Hornbuckle, 769

S.W.2d 89 (Mo. 1989) (en banc). 

Hornbuckle filed a section 2254 petition in the district court,

raising two issues: whether the trial court should have inquired into the

prejudicial effect of an exhibit that, although properly admitted into

evidence, mistakenly went to the jury; and whether Hornbuckle's due process

and equal protection rights were violated when his conviction was based

upon the visual identification testimony of Robert Sudhoff, who never saw

his attacker. The district court rejected both of Hornbuckle's claims and

his request for an evidentiary hearing.

On appeal, Hornbuckle argues four claims: that the district court

erred in not holding an evidentiary hearing on the possible prejudicial

effect of the exhibit mistakenly sent to the jury; that Hornbuckle was

denied due process by Robert Sudhoff's identification testimony; and two

ineffective assistance of trial counsel claims.

II.

Hornbuckle concedes that the two ineffective assistance claims he

raises on appeal were not raised in state court and have been procedurally

defaulted, because under Missouri law he should have raised these claims

in a motion for post-conviction relief. Hornbuckle did not file a motion

for post-conviction relief under Missouri Supreme Court Rule 27.26 (1987),

which was in effect when he was convicted, or under Missouri Supreme Court

Rule 29.15, which became effective on January 1, 1988. See Mo. Sup. Ct.

R. 29.15
 Rule 29.15 was amended effective January 1, 1996, but those 3

amendments are not relevant to this case. See Mo. Sup. Ct. R.

29.15 (1996).

 While the State did not concede at oral argument that

4

Hornbuckle could not have filed a Rule 29.15 motion after his

conviction was reinstated in 1989, we have previously recognized

that by the terms of Rule 29.15(m), a defendant's failure to file

a motion by June 30, 1988, constituted a complete waiver of the

right to do so. See Abdullah v. Groose, 75 F.3d 408, 413 (8th

Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 116 S. Ct. 1838 (1996).

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(1995). Because Hornbuckle did not file a Rule 27.26 motion prior to

3

January 1, 1988, he was subject to the provisions of Rule 29.15(m), which

required persons convicted before January 1, 1988, to file a Rule 29.15

motion on or before June 30, 1988. The failure of such persons to timely

file such a motion would be held to "constitute a complete waiver of the

right to proceed under this Rule 29.15." Mo. Sup. Ct. R. 29.15(m) (1995).

Hornbuckle argues that Missouri's adoption of Rule 29.15 serves as

cause excusing his procedural default. Hornbuckle points out that after

the Missouri Court of Appeals reversed his conviction on April 26, 1988,

he was no longer under a judgment of conviction and had no reason to file

a Rule 29.15 motion prior to June 30, 1988. He claims that under the

provisions of Rule 29.15(m), he would not have been allowed to file a Rule

29.15 motion after the Missouri Supreme Court reinstated his conviction in

1989, although he made no attempt to file such a motion. Hornbuckle

4

argues that because he had no opportunity to file a Rule 29.15 motion, the

State's actions prevented him from raising his ineffective assistance

claims in state court. See Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478, 488 (1986).

We do not agree that Missouri's adoption of Rule 29.15 serves as

cause. Hornbuckle has not explained why he could not have filed a Rule

29.15 motion between January 1, 1988, and April 26, 1988. Hornbuckle

assumes that he should not have been expected to file
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such a motion while his direct appeal was pending, but this is contrary to

what Rule 29.15 required him to do. Rule 29.15 was designed as a unitary

review process, in which motions for post-conviction relief were to be

filed while the direct appeal was pending, with the appellate court

subsequently reviewing both the direct appeal and the appeal from the

ruling on the post-conviction motion. See Mo. Sup. Ct. R. 29.15(b), (l)

(1995); see also Lowe-Bey v. Groose, 28 F.3d 816, 818-19 (8th Cir. 1994)

(explaining Rule 29.15 process). As a person convicted prior to January

1, 1988, Hornbuckle could have filed his motion anytime between January 1

and June 30, 1988, as provided for by Rule 29.15(m). Hornbuckle had at

least four months while under a judgment of conviction in which he should

have filed a Rule 29.15 motion raising his ineffective assistance claims,

but he failed to do so.

Hornbuckle argues that because the strict mandatory time limits of

Rule 29.15 were designed to thwart the assertion of federal rights, Rule

29.15 is an inadequate ground to bar federal review. We have previously

rejected this argument. See Sloan v. Delo, 54 F.3d 1371, 1378-81 (8th Cir.

1995), cert. denied, 116 S. Ct. 728 (1996); see also Reese v. Delo, 94 F.3d

1177, 1181-82 (8th Cir. 1996). Hornbuckle had almost a year from the date

of his conviction--May 14, 1987--until his conviction was reversed on April

26, 1988, in which to prepare his post-conviction relief motion. Cf.

Sloan, 54 F.3d at 1379-80 (petitioner had more than a year between

sentencing and June 30, 1988, deadline to prepare motion).

The adoption of Rule 29.15 cannot serve as cause for Hornbuckle's

failure to properly raise his ineffective assistance claims in state court,

and Hornbuckle has not argued that a fundamental miscarriage of justice has

occurred. Thus, our review
 Furthermore, these claims were not raised before the district 5

court, so Hornbuckle's presentation of these claims to us

constitutes an attempt to file a second, and abusive, petition;

these claims are also subject to our general rule against

considering claims not raised below. See Whitmill v. Armontrout,

42 F.3d 1154, 1156 & n.1 (8th Cir. 1994). Hornbuckle's motion to

supplement the record with material relevant to these claims is

denied.

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of these claims is procedurally barred.5

III.

Hornbuckle argues that the district court erred in not holding an

evidentiary hearing on his claim regarding the possible prejudicial effect

of an exhibit--Mrs. Sudhoff's diary--that went to the jury during its

deliberations. The district court rejected this claim, noting that

Hornbuckle had failed to develop the record in state court to show whether

any juror had read the allegedly prejudicial material in the diary and that

the Missouri Supreme Court had found that there was no indication in the

record of any improper communication with the jury. The district court

concluded that Hornbuckle had failed to show cause and prejudice for his

failure to develop the record in state court and that he was not entitled

to a federal evidentiary hearing. On appeal, Hornbuckle has not alleged

any grounds serving as cause for his failure to further develop the record

in state court, nor does he argue that a fundamental miscarriage of justice

will result from the district court's failure to hold an evidentiary

hearing. Thus, the district court did not err in ruling that Hornbuckle

was not entitled to an evidentiary hearing. See Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes,

504 U.S. 1, 11-12 (1992).

Hornbuckle does not raise the merits of his claim on appeal, but

intertwines the merits with the evidentiary hearing issue by arguing that

Remmer v. United States, 347 U.S. 227, 229-30 (1954), required the district

court to hold a hearing. We disagree. 
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Remmer, the cases Hornbuckle cites in his brief, and almost all of our

cases applying Remmer, deal with alleged jury tampering, juror misconduct,

or private, extrajudicial communication with jurors. Only one of our cases

applying Remmer involved an exhibit sent to the jury during its

deliberations, but the problem in that case was that the exhibit contained

material that had not been admitted into evidence. See United States v.

Johnson, 647 F.2d 815, 817 (8th Cir. 1981). In contrast, the Missouri

Supreme Court found that the diary was properly admitted into evidence

without objection or limitation and was sent to the jury in violation of

only an agreement between the parties. See Hornbuckle, 769 S.W.2d at 98-

99. Thus, Remmer is not applicable to Hornbuckle's situation.

IV.

Robert Sudhoff admittedly never saw his attacker, who was positioned

behind him and holding a gun to his neck, but only heard the attacker's

voice. Sudhoff later read newspaper accounts of a similar robbery which

named Hornbuckle as a suspect. Sudhoff testified that he picked Hornbuckle

out of a photo array based on his wife's description of the attacker. The

photo was a mug shot that had Hornbuckle's name on it. Sudhoff later

identified Hornbuckle at a live line-up after hearing his voice. He

testified regarding both of his out-of-court identifications of Hornbuckle,

but did not make an in-court identification because Hornbuckle had

voluntarily absented himself from his trial. Hornbuckle, 769 S.W.2d at 91-

92, 94.

Hornbuckle argues that Robert Sudhoff's identification testimony

violated his right to due process. The State argues that we are

procedurally barred from reviewing this claim because the Missouri Supreme

Court conducted only a plain error review. As we recently noted in Mack

v. Caspari, 92 F.3d 637 (8th Cir. 1996), "[t]here appears to be a

decisional split within our Circuit on whether plain-error review by a

state appellate court waives a
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procedural default by a habeas petitioner, allowing collateral review by

this court." Id. at 641 n.6. The State relies on Toney v. Gammon, 79 F.3d

693, 699 (8th Cir. 1996), as authority for the proposition that "a properly

limited plain error review by a state court does not cure a procedural

default." Another line of cases, including Mack and the cases cited

therein, see 92 F.3d at 641 & n.6, holds that when a state court reviews

for plain error, we may also review for plain error. Although we cannot

resolve this divergence in our holdings, we may choose which line of cases

to follow, see id. at 641 n.6. We choose to follow Mack, and thus we will

review for plain error resulting in manifest injustice. See id. at 641.

The Missouri Supreme Court concluded that the photo array was not

impermissibly suggestive and that any problems with the photographic

identification went to the weight of the Sudhoffs' testimony. Although

Robert Sudhoff's testimony arguably should not have been admitted, the

court concluded there was no plain error because the problems with

Sudhoff's identification--his acknowledgments that he had not seen the

attacker's face and that he had selected Hornbuckle from the photo array

based on his wife's description, a police officer's testimony that Sudhoff

had not been able to identify anyone, and the lack of Sudhoff's signature

on Hornbuckle's photo confirming that he had selected that one--had been

put before the jury. See Hornbuckle, 769 S.W.2d at 92-95.

Although we agree with the Missouri Supreme Court that Robert

Sudhoff's testimony about his photographic identification of Hornbuckle

should not have been allowed, we find no plain error resulting in manifest

injustice. The jury was made aware of Sudhoff's lack of opportunity to see

Hornbuckle. Cf. Dodd v. Nix, 48 F.3d 1071, 1075 (8th Cir. 1995) ("Any

remaining concerns about . . . the reliability of the out-of-court

identification were for the jury to resolve."); Mack, 92 F.3d at 643

(citing Dodd).
 The State argues that portions of Hornbuckle's appeal are

6

governed by provisions of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death

Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214, 1218-21

(April 24, 1996), amending 28 U.S.C. §§ 2244(b) & 2254(d). Given

our disposition of Hornbuckle's claims, we need not decide whether

these amendments apply to Hornbuckle's appeal. See Preston v.

Delo, 100 F.3d 596, 599 n.4 (8th Cir. 1996). We note that the

Supreme Court has granted certiorari to consider the retroactive

application of the Act. See Lindh v. Murphy, 96 F.3d 856 (7th Cir.

1996), cert. granted, 117 S. Ct. 726 (1997).

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With respect to the live line-up, the Missouri Supreme Court

concluded that Sudhoff's identification testimony was admissible because

his identification was based on his recognition of Hornbuckle's voice. See

Hornbuckle, 769 S.W.2d at 95. We agree that there is no plain error

regarding Sudhoff's testimony about the live line-up.

The judgment is affirmed.6

A true copy.

Attest:

CLERK, U. S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.