NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

Gov

FIRST CIRCUIT

2023 KA 0085

y -r'44) STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

JUAN CARLOS PAZZUNIGA

Judgment Rendered: SEP 15 2023

On Appeal from the

Thirty -Second Judicial District Court

In and for the Parish of Terrebonne

State of Louisiana

No. 784505

The Honorable David W. Arceneaux, Judge Presiding

Joseph L. Waitz, Jr. 

Amanda L. Mustin

Houma, Louisiana

Lieu T. Vo Clark

Mandeville, Louisiana

Attorneys for Appellee

State of Louisiana

Attorney for Defendant/Appellant

Juan Carlos Pazzuniga

BEFORE: WELCH, HOLDRIDGE, AND WOLFE, JJ. 
HOLDRIDGE, I

The defendant, Juan Carlos Pazzuniga, was charged by grand jury indictment

with three counts of first-degree rape, violations of La. R.S. 14: 42(A)(4), and pled

not guilty. Following a jury trial, he was found guilty as charged by unanimous

verdicts. On each count, he was sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labor without

benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence, with the sentences to run

concurrently with one another. The defendant now appeals, challenging the

sufficiency of the evidence to support each conviction. For the following reasons, 

we affirm the convictions and sentences. 

FACTS

Y.S.,' Y.G., and Y.M., are the defendant' s nieces. On August 9, 2018, they

made recorded statements to the Child Advocacy Center (CAC} alleging the defendant

had raped and committed other sex crimes against them when they were between five

and seven years old. Thereafter, they testified at trial against the defendant. 

Y.P. and A.M. are two adult female relatives ofthe defendant. They testified at

trial that when they were five and under eighteen years old, respectively, the defendant

attempted to rape them, raped them, touched their vaginas, or forced them to touch his

penis. 

The defendant testified he was the uncle of Y.S., Y.G., and Y.M. He had no

explanation for why his nieces would come to court and make accusations against him. 

He testified when he first heard of the allegations, he told his wife there was " no way

he would] do that to [ Y.S., Y.G., and Y.M.]" The defendant also denied

inappropriately touching Y.P. and A.M. He stated he was a stranger to Y.P. when they

met when she was five years old, and they could not communicate because she spoke

l We reference the victims and their family members by their initials. See La. R.S. 46: 1844(W). 

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English and his English was poor. In regard to A.M.' s allegations, the defendant stated

the bed faced the bathroom, so he would not have been able to do anything to A.M. if

his wife was in the bathroom and it was impossible for him to have reached her vagina

from the bed. 

SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

In his sole assignment of error, the defendant contends the evidence was

insufficient to convict him ofthree counts of first-degree rape. He argues the State' s

case against him consisted of the testimony and CAC statements ofY.S., Y.G., and

Y.M., but did not include corroborating witnesses, physical evidence, or scientific

analysis. 

A conviction based on insufficient evidence cannot stand, as it violates due

process. See U.S. Const. amend. XIV, La. Const. art. 1, § 2. In reviewing claims

challenging the sufficiency ofthe evidence, an appellate court must determine whether

any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven

beyond a reasonable doubt based on the entirety ofthe evidence, both admissible and

inadmissible, viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution. See Jackson v. 

Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 ( 1979); State v. 

Oliphant, 2013- 2973 ( La. 2121/ 14), 133 So.3d 1255, 1258- 59 (per curiam); see also

La. Code Crim. P. art. 821( B); State v. Mussall, 523 So.2d 1305, 1308- 09 (La. 1988); 

State v, Livous, 2018-0016 (La. App. 1st Cir. 9/24/ 18), 259 So.3d 1036, 1039-40, writ

denied, 2018- 1788 ( La. 4115119), 267 So. 3d 1130. When circumstantial evidence

forms the basis ofthe conviction, the evidence, " assuming every fact to be proved that

the evidence tends to prove . . . must exclude every reasonable hypothesis of

innocence." La. R.S. 15: 438; Oliphant, 133 So.3d at 1258; Livous, 259 So.3d at 1040. 

The due process standard does not require the reviewing court to determine

whether it believes the witnesses or whether it believes the evidence establishes guilt

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beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Mire, 2014-2295 ( La. 1/ 27/ 16), 269 So.3d 698, 

703 ( per curiam). Rather, appellate review is limited to determining whether the facts

established by the direct evidence and inferred from the circumstances established by

that evidence are sufficient for any rational trier of fact to conclude beyond a

reasonable doubt that the defendant was guilty of every essential element ofthe crime. 

State v. Gardner, 2016-0192 ( La. App. 1 st Cir. 9119116), 204 So.3d 265, 267. The

weight given evidence is not subject to appellate review; therefore, an appellate court

will not reweigh evidence to overturn a factfinder' s determination of guilt. Livous, 

259 So.3d at 1040. 

La. R. S. 14: 41, 2 in pertinent part, provided: 

A. Rape is the act of anal ... or vaginal sexual intercourse ... 

committed without the person' s lawful consent. 

B. Emission is not necessary, and any sexual penetration, when

the rape involves vaginal or anal intercourse, however slight, is

sufficient to complete the crime. 

La. R.S. 14: 42, in pertinent part, provides: 

A. First degree rape is a rape committed ... where the anal ... 

or vaginal sexual intercourse is deemed to be without lawful

consent of the victim because it is committed under any one or

more of the following circumstances: 

4) When the victim is under the age of thirteen years. Lack of

knowledge ofthe victim' s age shall not be a defense. 

Count I

Y.S. was eleven years old when she testified at trial.' She identified the

defendant in court as the man who raped her in a shed. In her CAC statement, Y.S. 

indicated that when she was six years old, the defendant touched her vagina when they

2 Prior to amendment by 2022 La. Acts No. 173, § 1. 

3 Y.S. testified on August 11, 2022. 

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were in a car together and vaginally and anally raped her on a motorcycle in a shed. 

She also alleged the defendant had squeezed and touched inside her vagina and

bottom." 

Count II

Y.G. was eleven years old when she testified at trial. She identified the

defendant in court as her uncle Juan. She identified herself in the CAC video played

for the jury. 

In the video, Y.G. stated, when she was seven years old, the defendant tickled

and touched her vagina and touched her buttocks and chest in the shower. Y.G. also

alleged the defendant vaginally raped her while her aunt was taking a bath. Y.G. 

further alleged the defendant put her on a chair in the shed and vaginally raped her. 

At trial, Y.G. confirmed that everything she said in the video was true. She

testified that the defendant had vaginally raped her in the bathroom and vaginally and

anally raped her against the bed in the room next to the bathroom. 

Count III

Y.M. was nine years old when she testified at trial. She identified the defendant

in court as her uncle Juan. She identified herself in the CAC video played for the jury. 

In the video, Y.M. stated the defendant licked her vagina on a bed at her aunt' s

house. She also testified that the defendant had anally raped her in the bathroom and

had vaginally raped her in the shed and the pool. 

La. Code Evid. art. 412.2(A) Evidence

Y.P. was twenty-seven years old when she testified at trial. She identified the

defendant in court. She testified that when she was five years old, her mother left her

alone with the defendant because he was a relative. The defendant tricked her into

undressing and then touched her vagina while playing "the little spider" game with her. 

Thereafter, the defendant forced Y.P. to touch his penis and tried to vaginally rape her. 

Wi
Y.P. testified that when she was nine years old, the defendant tried to make her touch

his penis and " stuck it in ... one time." 

A.M. was twenty-nine years old when she testified at trial. The defendant was

her older sister' s husband. A.M. testified that when she was less than eighteen years

old, the defendant touched her vagina while her sister took a bath and while she was

sleeping on the floor and the defendant was in bed with her sister. 

Any rational trier of fact, viewing the evidence presented in this case in the

light most favorable to the State, could find the evidence proved beyond a reasonable

doubt, and to the exclusion of every reasonable hypothesis of innocence, all of the

elements of first-degree rape and the defendant' s identity as the perpetrator of that

offense against Y.S., Y.G., and Y.M. While the trial testimony of Y.S., Y.G., and

Y.M. was less specific than their CAC statements, this was a matter of the weight, 

rather than the sufficiency, of the evidence. The verdicts returned indicate the jury

found Y.S., Y.G., and Y.M. credible. That testimony was sufficient to prove the

elements of the offense. Despite the defendant' s claim of a lack of corroborating

witnesses, physical evidence, or scientific analysis, it is not necessary that these

forms of evidence exist or be presented to prove the defendant committed firstdegree rape. The testimony ofthe victim alone is sufficient to prove the elements of

the offense. See State v. Cutrer, 2012- 2128 ( La. App. 1 st Cir. 9117113), 2013 WL

5299918, * 3 ( unpublished), writ denied, 2013- 2509 ( La. 6120114), 141 So.3d 278

and State v, El -Amin, 2011- 0030 ( La. App. 1 st Cir. 6110111), 2011 WL 3570012, 

7 ( unpublished), writ denied, 2011- 1532 (La. 2117112), 82 So.3d 281, cert. denied, 

568 U.S. 835, 133 S. Ct. 128, 184 L.Ed.2d 61 ( 2012) (" It is well settled that iffound

to be credible, the testimony of the victim of a sex offense alone is sufficient to

establish the elements of the offense, even where the [ S] tate does not introduce

medical, scientific, or physical evidence to prove commission of the offense by the

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defendant."). This court will not assess the credibility of witnesses or reweigh the

evidence to overturn a fact finder' s determination of guilt. The trier offact may accept

or reject, in whole or in part, the testimony of any witness. State v. Johnson, 2013- 

0372 (La. App. lst Cir. 12127113), 2013 WL 6858334, * 3 ( unpublished), writ denied, 

2014- 0254 ( La. 11126114), 152 So.3d 895. Further, in reviewing the evidence, we

cannot say that the fact finder' s determination was irrational under the facts and

circumstances presented. See State v. Ordodi, 2006-0207 ( La. 11129106), 946 So.2d

654, 662. The State urged the jury to reject the defendant' s claim that Y.S., Y.G., 

and Y.M. had been coached and to " listen to how [ Y.S., Y.G., and Y.M.] describe

things and ... listen to details[.]" Rather than reciting " coached" identical versions of

the offenses, Y.S., Y.G., and Y.M. each recounted different acts and incidents ofsexual

abuse. An appellate court errs by substituting its appreciation of the evidence and

credibility of witnesses for that of the fact finder and thereby overturning a verdict

on the basis of an exculpatory hypothesis of innocence presented to, and rationally

rejected by, the jury. See State v. Calloway, 2007-2306 (La. 1121109), 1 So.3d 417, 

418 ( per curiam). 

This assignment of error is without merit. 

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the convictions and sentences of the

defendant, Juan Carlos Pazzuniga. 

CONVICTIONS AND SENTENCES AFFIRMED. 

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