An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute controlling 

legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance with the 

provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.

NO. COA14-677

NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS

Filed: 17 February 2015

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

v. Buncombe County

No. 11CRS056562

RICHARD LEE WOODS, JR.

Appeal by Defendant from judgment entered 14 November 2013 by 

Judge Bill Coward in Buncombe County Superior Court. Heard in the 

Court of Appeals 12 January 2015.

Attorney General Roy A. Cooper, III, by Assistant Attorney 

General Perry J. Pelaez, for the State.

Bryan Gates for Defendant-appellant.

DILLON, Judge.

Defendant was charged by citation on 8 June 2011 with driving 

while impaired. He was found guilty as charged in district court 

and on appeal in superior court. He was sentenced to Level Two 

punishment.

The sole issue is whether the trial court erred by denying 

Defendant’s motion to dismiss at the close of all the evidence. 
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Defendant argues the evidence was insufficient to show that he was

under the influence of an impairing substance. We find no error.

The State’s evidence tended to show that on 8 June 2011, an 

officer with the Asheville Police Department investigated a 

traffic collision involving two trucks. Upon arriving at the scene 

of the accident, the officer observed that Defendant was in the 

driver’s seat of one of the trucks. He was not moving; his skin 

was sweaty; he was not immediately responsive to the officer; and 

his pulse was racing. The officer called for medical assistance

because she believed Defendant was having a “medical episode.”

While awaiting the arrival of emergency medical personnel, 

the officer conversed with Defendant and observed that Defendant’s 

speech was slurred; his movements were slow; and it was difficult 

to communicate with him. Defendant repeated the same question 

after the officer had already answered it for him. The officer 

asked Defendant whether he was taking any medications. Defendant 

informed the officer that he had been taking the drug Ritalin for 

years. Defendant asked the officer to retrieve his medications 

from his truck. The officer found bottles containing Clonazepam 

and Methylin in Defendant’s truck. One bottle contained a warning 

label stating the medication could cause dizziness and impair the 

ability to operate heavy machinery.
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After Defendant’s vital signs were checked by the medical 

responders and he was medically cleared, the officer performed 

three standardized sobriety tests upon him. Defendant passed the 

horizontal gaze nystagmus test. Defendant performed poorly on the 

one-leg stand test, never being able to lift one foot off the 

ground and keep it lifted for thirty seconds. He also performed 

poorly on the walk and turn test in that he was unable to keep his 

balance, walk in a straight line, walk continuously heel to toe, 

turn correctly, or follow instructions. The officer formed the 

opinion that Defendant was impaired and that the impairment was 

related to the prescription medication he was taking.

The officer charged Defendant with driving while impaired. 

Defendant consented to a blood draw at a hospital. A forensic 

scientist with the North Carolina Crime Lab analyzed the blood 

sample and determined Defendant’s blood contained Lamotrigine, a 

medication capable of causing impairing effects, primarily 

dizziness, blurred or double vision, lack of coordination, 

sleepiness, tiredness, confusion and paresthesia.

Defendant’s wife testified that Defendant was taking 

Lamotrigine in June 2011 for bipolar disorder. She also testified 

that Defendant has a history of leg problems and panic attacks, 
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and that she has seen him stumble and fall, stutter, and almost 

pass out.

_________________________________________________________

A motion to dismiss for insufficient evidence requires a court 

to decide whether there is substantial evidence to establish each 

essential element of the offense charged and to identify the 

defendant as the perpetrator. State v. Crawford, 344 N.C. 65, 73, 

472 S.E.2d 920, 925 (1996). In making this decision, the court 

must consider all of the evidence in the light most favorable to 

the State, giving it the benefit of every reasonable inference 

that may be drawn from the evidence. State v. Brown, 310 N.C. 

563, 566, 313 S.E.2d 585, 587 (1984).

The offense of driving while impaired is committed if a person

drives any vehicle upon any highway, street, or public vehicular 

area while under the influence of an impairing substance. N.C. 

Gen. Stat. § 20-138.1(a)(1) (2011). A person drives or operates 

a vehicle if he is “in actual physical control of a vehicle which 

is in motion or which has the engine running.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 

20-4.01(25) (2011). One is under the influence of an impairing 

substance if one’s “physical or mental faculties, or both, [are] 

appreciably impaired by an impairing substance.” N.C. Gen. Stat. 

§ 20-4.01(48b). Manifestations of impairment may include faulty 
-5-

driving, slurred speech, red or glassy eyes, or staggering or 

unsteadiness while walking or standing. State v. Gregory, 154 

N.C. App. 718, 721, 572 S.E.2d 838, 840 (2002).

The evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the State, 

shows that Defendant drove a motor vehicle after ingesting an 

impairing substance, namely Lamotrigine. Defendant exhibited 

multiple manifestations of impairment. The officer formed an 

opinion, based upon the sobriety tests and her personal 

observations of Defendant, that he was under the influence of an 

impairing substance. Opinion testimony of a law enforcement 

officer that a motor vehicle operator was appreciably impaired

based upon sobriety tests the officer administered upon the 

operator and the officer’s personal observations is sufficient to 

defeat a motion to dismiss. State v. Mark, 154 N.C. App. 341, 

346, 571 S.E.2d 867, 871 (2002), aff’d per curiam, 357 N.C. 242, 

580 S.E.2d 693 (2003).

We conclude the evidence was sufficient to take the case to 

the jury. We hold the court properly denied the motion to dismiss.

NO ERROR.

Judge ELMORE and Judge STEELMAN concur.

Report per Rule 30(e).