NOTICE: Summary decisions issued by the Appeals Court pursuant to M.A.C. Rule 

23.0, as appearing in 97 Mass. App. Ct. 1017 (2020) (formerly known as rule 1:28, 

as amended by 73 Mass. App. Ct. 1001 [2009]), are primarily directed to the parties 

and, therefore, may not fully address the facts of the case or the panel's 

decisional rationale. Moreover, such decisions are not circulated to the entire 

court and, therefore, represent only the views of the panel that decided the case. 

A summary decision pursuant to rule 23.0 or rule 1:28 issued after February 25, 

2008, may be cited for its persuasive value but, because of the limitations noted 

above, not as binding precedent. See Chace v. Curran, 71 Mass. App. Ct. 258, 260 

n.4 (2008).

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS

APPEALS COURT

23-P-305

COMMONWEALTH

vs.

OSVALDO OTERO.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER PURSUANT TO RULE 23.0

Following a jury trial in the Superior Court, the 

defendant, Osvaldo Otero, was convicted of two counts of rape of 

a child aggravated by a five-year age difference on his 

granddaughter, A.H., and one count of rape of a child aggravated 

by a ten-year age difference on A.H.'s friend, N.C.1 On appeal, 

the defendant claims that the judge erred in admitting evidence 

that the defendant also raped A.H. and N.C. in Brockton 

(Plymouth County). We affirm.

1 The jury found the defendant not guilty of three 

additional counts of rape of a child aggravated by a five-year

age difference. The judge entered a required finding of not 

guilty after the close of the Commonwealth's case on three 

counts of indecent assault and battery on a child under fourteen 

years of age and one count of forcible rape of a child.
2

Facts. The jury could have found the following facts. 

A.H., the defendant's granddaughter, was born in 2002. N.C. was 

born in 2001.2 The defendant was born in 1961. At the time of 

trial, A.H. was twenty years of age, and N.C. was twenty-one 

years of age.

A.H. described three instances when the defendant raped 

her -- two occurred in Bristol County and one occurred in 

Plymouth County. When A.H. was eight or nine years of age, the 

defendant raped her in her home in Fall River while he was 

babysitting. A.H was asleep in her mother's bedroom and awoke 

to find the defendant digitally penetrating her vagina. He also 

inserted his penis in A.H.'s anus and vagina. The defendant 

then orally raped A.H., then grabbed her head and put his penis 

in her mouth until he ejaculated. The defendant told A.H. that 

if she told anyone, no one would believe her.

A.H. next described being raped by the defendant when he 

stayed overnight in her home in Fall River. The defendant came 

into A.H.'s room and put his penis in her mouth until he 

ejaculated. A.H. testified that the defendant sexually

assaulted her "a lot," including in Fall River, when she was 

between the ages of eight and eleven.

2 A.H. and N.C. were childhood friends, although they 

stopped speaking between 2017 and 2019.
3

N.C. had a close relationship with A.H. and spent 

significant time with A.H.'s family. When N.C. was twelve years 

of age, she attended a family party with, among others, A.H. and 

the defendant. After the party, the defendant drove the girls 

to an abandoned building in Fall River and parked the van. The 

defendant anally raped N.C., and vaginally raped A.H., 

ejaculating after each assault. The assaults stopped when 

someone approached the van with a flashlight. The defendant 

dropped the girls off at A.H.'s house and told them not to tell 

anyone or "we'll all get in trouble."

Both A.H. and N.C. also described being raped by the 

defendant in Brockton on Father's Day 2014.3 In July 2014, N.C. 

first disclosed the abuse to A.H.'s mother. Thereafter, A.H. 

disclosed the abuse to her mother and police detectives, who 

obtained a search warrant for the defendant's van. The van was 

seized and processed by the State Police Crime Laboratory. Five 

stains were located in the van, two of which tested positive for 

sperm cells and saliva and matched the defendant's DNA profile.

Pretrial motions. The defendant filed a "motion in limine 

to exclude any and all evidence related to prior bad acts." The 

3 The defendant was convicted of raping A.H., N.C., and a 

third victim, J.H., in Plymouth County. He appealed contending 

that the judge erred in admitting evidence of the rapes that 

occurred in this case. A panel of this court affirmed those 

convictions. See Commonwealth v. Otero, 97 Mass. App. Ct. 1104 

(2020).
4

Commonwealth filed a motion in limine "to admit evidence of 

prior bad acts between the defendant and his granddaughters." 

This included the defendant's sexual assaults of A.H. and N.C. 

in Plymouth County, and his sexual assaults of a different 

granddaughter, J.H., who was a victim in the Plymouth County 

case. The judge denied the defendant's motion as to the 

evidence found in the van in Plymouth County; however, she 

excluded all evidence related to the sexual assaults of J.H.

She allowed the Commonwealth's motion to admit evidence of the 

defendant's rapes of A.H. and N.C. that occurred in Brockton.

Discussion. The defendant contends that the judge erred in 

admitting evidence of the rapes of A.H. and N.C. that occurred 

in Plymouth County. We review this claim to determine whether 

the judge abused her discretion in admitting this evidence and

conclude that she did not. See Commonwealth v. Teixeira, 486

Mass. 617, 627 (2021). Evidence of a defendant's prior bad acts 

"is inadmissible for the purpose of demonstrating the 

defendant's bad character or propensity to commit the crimes 

charged." Commonwealth v. Crayton, 470 Mass. 228, 249 (2014). 

However, evidence of the defendant's other criminal acts is 

admissible to show a common plan or scheme or pattern of 

criminal conduct. See Commonwealth v. Almeida, 479 Mass. 562, 

568 (2018). Such evidence is also admissible to prove the 

defendant's state of mind, motive, intent, opportunity, 
5

preparation, plan, or knowledge, or for the entire relationship 

between the victims and the defendant. See Commonwealth v. 

Oberle, 476 Mass. 539, 550-551 (2017). In this case, the two 

acts of rape in Plymouth County were admissible to show that the 

nature of the defendant's relationships with A.H. and N.C. "was 

one of continuous sexual abuse." Commonwealth v. Childs, 94 

Mass. App. Ct. 67, 71-72 (2018).

"Even if the evidence is relevant to one of these other 

purposes, the evidence will not be admitted if its probative 

value is outweighed by the risk of unfair prejudice to the 

defendant." Crayton, 470 Mass. at 249. Here, the judge 

carefully considered the proposed evidence and exercised her 

discretion to admit some evidence, while excluding other 

evidence. See Commonwealth v. Peno, 485 Mass. 378, 394-395 

(2020). In so doing, the judge properly balanced the 

prejudicial effect of the proposed evidence against its 

probative value. The defendant was indicted on ten charges 

stemming from the sexual abuse of A.H. and N.C. The judge 

admitted evidence of only two acts of rape that occurred in 

Plymouth County and excluded all evidence concerning the rapes 

of J.H. See id. (exclusion of certain prior bad act evidence 

indicated proper exercise of discretion).

Furthermore, the judge properly took steps to mitigate the 

prejudicial effect of the evidence by giving the jury limiting 
6

instructions at the time the evidence of the Plymouth County 

rapes was offered and in the final charge. These instructions 

were repeated, contemporaneous, and strong, and the jury are 

presumed to follow them. See Commonwealth v. Cheremond, 461 

Mass. 397, 414 (2012). That the jury found the defendant not 

guilty of three counts of aggravated rape of a child indicates

that it was not overwhelmed or improperly swayed by this 

evidence. See Commonwealth v. Bourgeois, 68 Mass. App. Ct. 433, 

438 (2007).

Judgments affirmed.

By the Court (Meade, Blake & 

Brennan, JJ.4),

Assistant Clerk

Entered: June 6, 2024.

4 The panelists are listed in order of seniority.