1

Supplemental Information on E-FAST CEM Outputs (Clear 

Protective Coating Spray)

FIRST IS A DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSUMPTIONS, THEN THE MODEL OUTPUT FOLLOWS

(NOTE THAT FULL CITATIONS FOR ALL REFERENCES CITED CAN BE FOUND IN THE REFERENCE 

SECTION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT)

Exposure Scenario for Clear protective coating spray

1. Description of product from manufacturer’s product technical data sheet and 17-Jan2012 Material Safety Data Sheet (see supplemental document titled “Supplemental 

Product Information for the TSCA Workplan Chemical Risk Assessment of TCE (External 

Review Draft).pdf” for more details):

• Clear acrylic protective coating for use by artists, printers, picture framers, and 

screen printers.

• Protects artwork, proofs, photos, blueprints, etc. from aging, yellowing, or 

smudging.

• Safe to use on watercolor, pastel, charcoal, pencil, and colored ink renderings.

• Provides a clear acrylic protective coating that stays clear under any condition. 

Prevents dog-earing and color fading of art and papers from constant handling and 

it keeps artwork from fading, due to exposure to light. Ideal as ink jet laminate.

• Artwork: Protects finished watercolor, pastel, charcoal, pencil, and colored ink 

renderings.

• Photography: Protects surfaces, improves contrast.

• Crafts: Adds luster to ceramics, preserves models.

• Valuable papers: Protects books, blueprints, maps, charts, documents, records, and 

carbon copies.

2. Assumptions for E-FAST/CEM model runs:

• Begin with the E-FAST/CEM default assumptions for Aerosol Paint, and adjust the 

assumptions for frequency of use, exposure duration (chronic), mass of product per 

event, and duration of event to represent hobbyist use of clear protective coating 

spray. Retain other assumptions for “Product Sprayed on Surface – Constant Rate 

and Incremental Models”: assume that one percent of the sprayed product is 

aerosolized and therefore immediately available for uptake by inhalation; assume 

that the remainder of the product contacts the target surface, and subsequently 

volatilizes at a rate that depends upon the chemical’s molecular weight and vapor 

pressure. [The aerosolized portion is treated using a constant emission rate model. 

The remaining (non-aerosolized) mass is treated by combining a constant 
2

application rate with an exponentially declining rate for each instantaneously 

applied segment.]

• User is an avid hobbyist who uses the clear protective coating spray indoors, at 

home, once a week (52 events per year) to protect artwork, crafts, etc.

• Hobbyist uses two cans of clear protective coating spray per year. Hobbyist 

therefore uses 21 ounces of clear protective coating spray per year, 21/52 = 0.40 

ounces clear protective coating spray per use, 0.40 ounces x 28.349523 g/ounce = 

11 g clear protective coating spray/use.

• An actual formulation of clear protective coating spray contains 20 to 30 percent

TCE. For E-FAST/CEM, assume a weight fraction of 0.3.

• The hobbyist is an adult who uses the clear protective coating spray for 57 years as 

an adult (ages 21 to 78) or the hobbyist is a teenager or young adult who uses the 

clear protective coating spray for 5 years (ages 16 to 20).

• Non-user residents of the home can be of any age.

• The E-FAST/CEM runs estimate the active exposure of the user (hobbyist) and the 

passive exposure of non-users living in a home where the clear protective coating 

spray is used. Age groups are: less than age 1; ages 1 to 2; ages 3 to 5; ages 6 to 10; 

ages 11 to 15; ages 16 to 20; and ages 21 to 78.

• E-FAST/CEM scenarios for children do not permit them to be present in the room of 

use during product use. Estimated exposures therefore represent their passive 

exposures while they are elsewhere in the home.

• Duration of event is 0.5 hour.

• Molecular weight of TCE is 131.39.

• Vapor pressure of TCE is 73.46 torr at 25 °C.

• For further information on the E-FAST/CEM defaults or underlying equations, see 

the E-FAST documentation manual (US EPA, 2007a)

• Exposure factors for age bins, inhalation rates, body weights, and life expectancy 

are derived from the 2011 Exposure Factors Handbook (US EPA, 2011d) and replace 

the E-FAST defaults derived from the 1997 Exposure Factors Handbook (US EPA, 

1997). 

• NOTE: the E-FAST/CEM exposure estimates are potential dose rates that do not 

include any assumptions about absorption through the lung.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
3

E-FAST/CEM Input and Output Summaries

for Clear protective coating spray

CEM Inputs ID Number: 1 fixative user 21-78

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 21-78

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

57

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.74 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.611 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 80

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 5 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
4

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 1 fixative user 21-78

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 21-78

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 57 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 4.68e-02 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 2.21e-01 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 4.50e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.70e+01 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
5

CEM Inputs ID Number: 2 fixative non-user 21-78

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 21-78

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

57

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.611 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.611 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 80

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
6

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 2 fixative non-user 21-78

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 21-78

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 57 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 1.31e-02 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 7.16e-02 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 1.26e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.20e+00 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
7

CEM Inputs ID Number: 3 fixative user 16-20

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 16-20

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

5

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.72 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.679 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 71.6

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 5 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
8

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 3 fixative user 16-20

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 16-20

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 5 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 4.62e-03 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 1.94e-02 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 5.06e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.70e+01 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
9

CEM Inputs ID Number: 4 fixative non-user 16-20

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 16-20

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

5

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.679 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.679 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 71.6

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
10

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 4 fixative non-user 16-20

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 16-20

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 5 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 1.43e-03 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 6.28e-03 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 1.57e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.20e+00 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
11

CEM Inputs ID Number: 5 fixative non-user 11-15

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 11-15

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

5

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.633 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.633 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 56.8

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
12

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 5 fixative non-user 11-15

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 11-15

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 5 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 1.68e-03 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 6.28e-03 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 1.84e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.20e+0

0

NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
13

CEM Inputs ID Number: 6 fixative non-user 6-10

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 6-10

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

5

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.5 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.5 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 31.8

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
14

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 6 fixative non-user 6-10

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 6-10

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 5 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 2.37e-03 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 6.28e-03 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 2.60e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.20e+00 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
15

CEM Inputs ID Number: 7 fixative non-user 3-5

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 3-5

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

3

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.421 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.421 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 18.6

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
16

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 7 fixative non-user 3-5

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 3-5

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 3 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 2.05e-03 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 3.77e-03 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 3.74e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.20e+00 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
17

CEM Inputs ID Number: 8 fixative non-user 1-2

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 1-2

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

2

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.35 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.35 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 12.6

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
18

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 8 fixative non-user 1-2

Scenario: User Defined Population: ages 1-2

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 2 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 1.67e-03 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 2.51e-03 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 4.59e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.20e+00 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg-day) LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
19

CEM Inputs ID Number: 9 fixative non-user age <1

Product: clear protective coating spray Chemical Name: TCE

Scenario: User Defined Population: age <1

Molecular Weight (g/mole): 131.4 Vapor Pressure (torr): 73.46

Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- Central Tendency (unitless):

0.3 Consumer Product Weight Fraction 

- High-End (unitless):

0.3

Inhalation Inputs

Frequency of Use (chronic) 

(events/yr):

52 Exposure Duration (chronic) 

(years):

1

Frequency of Use (acute) 

(events/day):

1 Exposure Duration (acute) (days): 1

Mass of Product Used per Event -

Central Tendency (g):

11 Mass of Product Used per Event -

High-End (g):

11

Inhalation Rate During Use (m3/hr): 0.23 Duration of Event - Central 

Tendency (hours/event):

0.5

Inhalation Rate After Use (m3/hr): 0.23 Duration of Event - High-End 

(hours/event):

0.5

Zone 1 Volume (m3): 20 Whole House Volume (m3): 369

Air Exchange Rate (air 

exchanges/hr):

0.45 Body Weight (kg): 7.8

Portion of Aerosol in Air (unitless): 0.01

Activity Patterns

User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Non-User: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 7 7 4 2 2 7 4 4 4 1 

Hour: 0 6 12 18

Start Time: 9 Room of Use: 5. Utility Room

Dermal Inputs

There are no Dermal inputs for this scenario.

Averaging Time (chronic) (days): 2.85e+

04

Averaging time (acute) (days) : 1

Activity Patterns: 1 Bedroom; 2 Kitchen; 3 Bathroom; 4 Living Room; 5 Utility Room; 6 Car; 7 Out (outside the 

house)
20

CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates

ID Number: 9 fixative non-user age <1

Scenario: User Defined Population: age <1

Exposure Duration (years) chronic: 1 Exposure Duration (days) acute: 1

Exposure Units Result AT (days)

Chronic Cancer

 LADDpot (mg/kg-day) 8.89e-04 2.85e+04

 LADCpot (mg/m3) 1.26e-03 2.85e+04

Acute

 ADRpot (mg/kg-day) 4.86e-01 1

 Cppot (mg/m3) 6.20e+00 NA

LADD - Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kgday)LADC - Lifetime Average Daily Concentration 

(mg/m3

)

ADR - Acute Dose Rate (mg/kg-day) Cp - Peak Concentration (mg/m3)

Note: 78 years = 2.85e+04 days; pot - potential dose

Note: The potential peak concentration (Cppot) is defined as the highest instantaneous air concentration that is 

calculated by the model during any 10-second time step, and should not be interpreted as a daily maximum 

concentration.

Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short-term, infrequent events (for most chemicals, an exposure

of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute 

exposures rather than as chronic exposure (US EPA, 1998a). 
21

Exposure Parameter Values Used in E-FAST/CEM for TCE Modeling.

Exposure 

Parameter Population Exposure Type

Default 

Value Source Comment

Body 

Weight

(BW)

Adult

(≥21 years)

All 80.0 kg US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 8-3 (page 8-12): Average of mean 

body weights for all adults (≥21 years), 

male and female combined. Based on US 

EPA analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 data. 

Youth

(16-20 

years)

All 71.6 kg US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 8-1 (page 8-2): Mean body weight 

for age class 16-<21 years. See Table 8-3 

(page 8-12) for sample sizes. Based on US 

EPA analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 data.

Youth

(11-15 

years)

All 56.8 kg US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 8-1 (page 8-2): Mean body weight 

for age class 11-<16 years. See Table 8-3 

(page 8-12) for sample sizes. Based on US 

EPA analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 data.

Child

(6-10 

years)

All 31.8 kg US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 8-1 (page 8-2): Mean body weight 

for age class 6-<11 years. See Table 8-3 

(page 8-12) for sample sizes. Based on US 

EPA analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 data.

Small child

(3-5 years)

All 18.6 kg US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 8-1 (page 8-2): Mean body weight 

for age class 3-<6 years. See Table 8-3 

(page 8-12) for sample sizes. Based on US 

EPA analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 data.

Infant

(1-2 years)

All 12.6 kg US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 8-1 (page 8-2): Average of mean 

body weights for age classes 1-<2 and 2-

<3 years. See Table 8-3 (page 8-12) for 

sample sizes. Based on US EPA analysis of 

NHANES 1999-2006 data.

Infant

(<1 year)

All 7.8 kg US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 8-1 (page 8-2): Weighted average of 

mean body weights for age classes 0-<1, 1-

<3, 3-<6, and 6-<12 months. See Table 8-3 

(page 8-12) for sample sizes. Based on US 

EPA analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 data.
22

Exposure Parameter Values Used in E-FAST/CEM for TCE Modeling.

Exposure 

Parameter Population Exposure 

Type

Default 

Value Source Comment

Inhalation 

Rate

(InhR)

Adult

(≥21 years)

Chronic 14.7 m3

/day US EPA 

(2011d)

For general population exposures, 

Table 6-1 (page 6-3): Average of 

mean long-term exposure values 

for inhalation (males and females 

combined) for age classes 21-<31, 

31-<41, 41-<51, 51-<61, 61-<71,

and 71-<81years.

Adult

(≥21 years)

Acute 0.74 

m3

/hour

US EPA 

(2011d)

For consumer exposures, Table 6-2 

(page 6-4): Average of mean shortterm exposure values for inhalation 

during light activity (males and 

females combined) for the age 

classes 21-<31, 31-<41, 41-<51, 51-

<61, 61-<71, and 71-<81 years. For 

consumer scenarios: 0.74 m3

/hour 

during product use (based on shortterm exposure at light activity level;

Table 6-2, page 6-4) and 

0.611 m3

/hour after product use.

Youth

(16-

20 years)

Acute 16.3 m3

/day US EPA 

(2011d)

For general population exposures, 

Table 6-1 (page 6-3): Mean longterm exposure value for inhalation 

(males and females combined) for 

age class 16-<21 years. Children are 

typically considered to be nonusers, however, for consumer 

exposures: 0.72 m3

/hour during 

product use (based on short-term 

exposure at light activity level;

Table 6-2, page 6-4) and 0.679 

m3

/hour after product use.

Youth

(11-

15 years)

Acute 15.2 m3

/day US EPA 

(2011d)

For general population exposures: 

Table 6-1 (page 6-3): Mean longterm exposure value for inhalation 

(males and females combined) for 

age class 11-<16 years. Children are 

considered to be non-users: 

0.633 m3

/hour before and after 

product use.
23

Exposure Parameter Values Used in E-FAST/CEM for TCE Modeling.

Exposure 

Parameter Population Exposure 

Type

Default 

Value Source Comment

Child

(6-10 

years)

Acute 12.0 m3

/day US EPA 

(2011d)

For general population exposures: 

Table 6-1 (page 6-3): Mean longterm exposure value for inhalation 

(males and females combined) for 

age class 6-<11 years. Children are 

considered to be non-users: 

0.500 m3

/hour before and after 

product use.

Small child

(3-5 years)

Acute 10.1 m3/day US EPA 

(2011d)

For general population exposures: 

Table 6-1 (page 6-3): Mean longterm exposure value for inhalation 

(males and females combined) for 

age class 3-<6 years. Children are 

considered to be non-users: 

0.421 m3

/hour before and after 

product use.

Infant

(1-2 years)

Acute 8.5 m3/day US EPA 

(2011d)

For general population exposures: 

Table 6-1 (page 6-3): Average of 

mean long-term exposure values 

for inhalation (males and females 

combined) for age classes 1-<2 and 

2-<3 years. Children are considered 

to be non-users: 0.35 m3/hour 

before and after product use.

Infant

(<1 year)

Acute 5.4 m3/day US EPA 

(2011d)

For general population exposures: 

Table 6-1 (page 6-3): Mean longterm exposure values for inhalation 

(males and females combined) for 

the age class birth to <1 year. 

Children are considered to be nonusers: 0.23 m3

/hour before and 

after product use.

Exposure 

Duration (ED)

Adult

(≥21 years)

Chronic 57 years US EPA 

(2011d)

Adult lifetime exposure duration, 

based on life expectancy of 78 years 

(Table 18-1). Exposure from 21 to 

78 years of age. Previously, 

18 years was used as the initiation 

of this duration. For consumer 

exposures.

Adult

(≥21 years)

Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.
24

Exposure Parameter Values Used in E-FAST/CEM for TCE Modeling.

Exposure 

Parameter Population Exposure 

Type

Default 

Value Source Comment

Youth

(16-

20 years)

Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.

Youth

(11-

15 years)

Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.

Child

(6-

10 years)

Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.

Small child

(3-5 years)

Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.

Infant

(1-2 years)

Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.

Infant

(<1 year)

Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.

Carcinogenic 

Averaging 

Time (AT)

Adult

(≥21 years)

Chronic 78 years US EPA 

(2011d)

Table 18-1 (page 18-1): Average of 

male and female life expectancy. 

This recommended value is 

reflective of the average life 

expectancy of the general 

population. Data were collected in 

2007 and published in 2010 (Xu et 

al., 2010)

Acute 

Averaging 

Time (AT)

All Acute 1 day _ Assumed 1-day exposure for acute 

scenarios.