* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

JAN 28 1998

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

DOROTHY MARIE CARTER,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

HOBBS POLICE DEPARTMENT;

BILL MORRILL, Police Chief; PAM

WYNN, JAMES PHILLIPS, Officers,

Hobbs Police Department; LEA

COUNTY SHERIFF’S

DEPARTMENT; BILL LANE,

Sheriff; and CLARENCE BENFORD,

SR., Deputy Sheriff,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 97-2045

(D.C. No. CIV-96-1575)

(D. N.M.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before PORFILIO, KELLY, and HENRY, Circuit Judges.
1 Although the district court indicated its dismissal was pursuant to

§ 1915(d), we believe the court actually intended to cite § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), which

formerly was § 1915(d). 

2 Although the district court also cited to Rule 12(b)(6), its discussion

appeared to center on whether the complaint was frivolous. Thus, we review only

for frivolousness. In doing so, we need not resolve the problematic issue of the

standard of review applicable to dismissals under both § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) for

frivolousness and Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief may

be granted. The standard of review for § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) dismissals, as indicated

above, is abuse of discretion. See Schlicher, 111 F.3d at 779. Whereas, the

standard of review for Rule 12(b)(6) dismissals is de novo. See Chemical

Weapons Working Group, Inc. v. United States Dep’t of the Army, 111 F.3d

1485, 1490 (10th Cir. 1997). 

-2-

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.

Plaintiff appeals the district court’s dismissal of her pro se civil rights

action under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief

may be granted and under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d)1 for frivolousness. We review a

dismissal pursuant to § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) for an abuse of discretion.2 See

Schlicher v. Thomas, 111 F.3d 777, 779 (10th Cir. 1997). A complaint is

frivolous if it lacks an arguable basis in law or fact. See Green v. Seymour,

59 F.3d 1073, 1077 (10th Cir. 1995) (citing Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319,

325 (1989)). In applying these standards, we liberally construe plaintiff’s pro se

complaint. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972). 
-3-

In her complaint, plaintiff alleged that she was twice falsely arrested by

defendant Hobbs Police Department: first on battery charges and later for

contempt and failure to appear at a court hearing. Plaintiff’s first arrest

apparently was based upon probable cause. Plaintiff, however, fails to allege

facts to dispute probable cause for the arrest. See Brown v. Zavaras, 63 F.3d 967,

972 (10th Cir. 1995) (pro se litigants must do more than make conclusory

statements regarding constitutional claims). 

The second arrest was pursuant to a bench warrant. “Just as judges acting

in their judicial capacities are absolutely immune from liability under [42 U.S.C.

§] 1983, . . . ‘[police officers] charged with the duty of executing a facially valid

court order enjoy[] absolute immunity from liability for damages in a suit

challenging conduct prescribed by that order.’” Turney v. O’Toole, 898 F.2d

1470, 1472 (10th Cir. 1990) (quoting Valdez v. City & County of Denver,

878 F.2d 1285, 1286 (10th Cir. 1989)). Even if the judge issued an erroneous

bench warrant for arrest for failure to appear and for contempt, as plaintiff

alleged, she must contest the legality of the warrant and appeal that judgment

rather than sue the official responsible for executing the warrant. See Valdez,

878 F.2d at 1289-90. 

Plaintiff alleged defendant deputy sheriff Clarence Benford, Sr. tried to

coerce her to change her plea of not guilty to battery to a plea of no contest,
3 Plaintiff raised various allegations against a magistrate judge and a

harassment claim against four guards at the Lea County Detention Center. 

Because these persons were not named as parties to this action, we need not

address the conclusory allegations made against them. 

-4-

allegedly warning her that if she did not change her plea she would be jailed. 

Because plaintiff did not change her plea, any alleged coercion by defendant

Benford had no affect on plaintiff. Plaintiff also maintained that defendant

Benford conspired with two magistrate judges and a private citizen to deny her

due process and force her into an alcohol rehabilitation treatment program. 

Plaintiff, however, did not allege specific facts showing conspiracy, and her

conclusory allegations of conspiracy are insufficient for a § 1983 claim. See

Durre v. Dempsey, 869 F.2d 543, 545 (10th Cir. 1989). Plaintiff further

contended that defendant Benford intercepted her out-going mail during her

confinement in the Lea County Detention Center.3 The district court correctly

determined that her claim of interception of her out-going mail by defendant

Benford was conclusory. 

Plaintiff alleged that she was denied a fair trial and her right to counsel

during the state court proceedings. We agree with the district court’s

determination that she did not allege any facts even remotely connected with the

named defendants to support this claim. We also agree with the district court that
-5-

a § 1983 action is not the proper vehicle to challenge the validity of her

conviction. See Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 486 (1994). 

[I]n order to recover damages for allegedly unconstitutional

conviction or imprisonment, or for other harm caused by actions

whose unlawfulness would render a conviction or sentence invalid, a

§ 1983 plaintiff must prove that the conviction or sentence has been

reversed on direct appeal, expunged by executive order, declared

invalid by a state tribunal authorized to make such determination, or

called into question by a federal court’s issuance of a writ of habeas

corpus . . . .

Id. at 486-87 (footnote omitted). Because plaintiff’s conviction had not been

invalidated, her claim for damages was not cognizable. See id. at 487. 

Plaintiff contended that after sentencing on the contempt and failure to

appear charges she was falsely imprisoned in the Lea County Detention Center. 

“[A] plaintiff states a claim for false imprisonment in violation of § 1983 by

specifically alleging facts that show a government official acted with deliberate

indifference or reckless intent to falsely imprison the plaintiff.” Romero v. Fay,

45 F.3d 1472, 1480 (10th Cir. 1995). Plaintiff makes no such allegations. In any

event, because her imprisonment was based upon her conviction, this claim is

without legal basis. 

Plaintiff alleged that while confined in the Hobbs city jail she was denied

medical treatment for severe abdominal pains by defendants police officers Pam

Wynn and James Phillips. According to plaintiff, in addition to denying medical

treatment, they yelled at her when she requested pain medication and antagonized
-6-

her throughout the course of her confinement. She also contended that defendant

Wynn issued her a filthy uniform, resulting in her contracting “Trichomonais.” 

The district court correctly determined that plaintiff’s claim of denial of medical

treatment was conclusory. To state a cognizable claim, a plaintiff must allege

omissions or acts sufficiently harmful to suggest deliberate indifference to serious

medical needs. See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 105 (1976). The deliberate

indifference standard has two components: “[1] an objective component requiring

that the pain or deprivation be sufficiently serious; and [2] a subjective

component requiring that the offending officials act with a sufficiently culpable

state of mind.” Miller v. Glanz, 948 F.2d 1562, 1569 (10th Cir. 1991) (citing

Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 298 (1991)). Plaintiff did not allege facts

establishing a serious medical condition or assert any culpable mental state of

defendants Wynn or Phillips. Mere verbal abuse is not a constitutional violation

actionable under § 1983. See Collins v. Cundy, 603 F.2d 825, 827 (10th Cir.

1979). 

Plaintiff maintained that she complained in writing to defendant Chief of

Police Bill Morrill about the actions of defendants Wynn and Phillips, but

defendant Morrill did not respond. Because plaintiff’s arguments against

defendants Wynn and Phillips lack an arguable basis in law or fact, this allegation

against defendant Morrill is without merit. 
-7-

Plaintiff argues for the first time on appeal that defendant Benford

conspired with defendant Hobbs Police Department and a magistrate judge to

deny her a fair trial and obstructed justice by destroying unnamed documents and

that the denial of medical treatment was racially motivated. We will not consider

these conclusory issues raised for the first time on appeal. See Walker v. Mather

(In re Walker), 959 F.2d 894, 896 (10th Cir. 1992). 

Plaintiff suggests that she should be granted an opportunity to amend her

complaint. Although plaintiff did not move to amend in the district court, the

district court nonetheless determined that amending the complaint would be futile. 

We agree. See Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962) (futility justifies denial

of amendment). 

Plaintiff contends that due to her pro se status she was forbidden to attach

documents to her complaint. Nothing before us, other than plaintiff’s

unsupported allegation, indicates that she attempted to submit evidence with her

complaint that was rejected. Plaintiff indicated in her complaint that she was

attaching exhibits, but she did not do so. 

Plaintiff attached to her brief on appeal a copy of the habeas corpus petition

she allegedly filed in state court. This exhibit was not presented to the district

court, and we will not review it. See Aero-Medical, Inc. v. United States, 23 F.3d

328, 329 n.2 (10th Cir. 1994). 
-8-

Because there are no facts or law from which a claim may be inferred, we

conclude the district court correctly determined this action was frivolous. The

appeal is frivolous under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) for purposes of counting

“prior occasions” under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). The appeal is DISMISSED. The

mandate shall issue forthwith. 

Entered for the Court

John C. Porfilio 

Circuit Judge