# Extended High Production Volume Chemical Challenge Program

Revised Robust Summaries and Test Plan for Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9 )

Submitted by:

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP 10001 Six Pines Drive The Woodlands, Texas 773 80

Date of submission : January 7, 2010HPV Robust Summaries and Test Plan

– ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

i 

### Table of Contents Glossary

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 2 1.0 Executive summary

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 3
2.0 Introduction

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 7

2.1 Overview

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7 2.2 Methods for data review

................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 7 3.0 Substance information for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

................................ ................................ ..................... 8

3.1 Substance description

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 8 3.2 Use and exposure information

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 8 4.0 Data analysis and proposed testing

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 9

4..1 Physico

- chemical properties

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 9 4.2 Environmental fate and pathways

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 10 4.3 Ecotoxicity

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 12 4.4 Health effects

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 13 4.5 Test plan summary

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 18 5.0 SIDS data matrix

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 20 6.0 References

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 23



### List of Figures

Figure 1. Structure of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 8



### List of Tables

Table 1. Summary o f test plan for Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

................................ ................................ ............... 6 Table 2. Physico

- chemical properties of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

................................ ................................ .. 10 Table 3. Environment al fate and pathways information for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

................................ ....... 12 Table 4. Ecotoxicity information for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

................................ ................................ ........... 13 Ta ble 5. Summary of data gap analysis for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

................................ ............................... 192 

### Glossary

ADR European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry bw body weight CAS Chemical Abstract Services CCRIS Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary cells CICAD Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents CP Chem Chevron Phil l ips Chemical Company LP DART Devel opmental and Reproductive Toxicology DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DOT Department of Transportation EC 50 R epresents the concentration of a substance where 50% of its maximal effect is observed ECOSAR Ecological Structure Activity Relationships ECOTOX Eco l ogical T oxicology EFDB Environmental Fate Database E HPV Extended High Production Volume ESIS European chemical Substance Information Systems GENETOX Genetic Toxicology GLP Good Laboratory Practices HERA Human and Environmental Risk Assessment HLA Ha zelton Laboratories America, Inc HPVIS High Production Volume Information System HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer IBR International Bio

- Research IHFA Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc I PCS International Programme on Chemical Safety IRIS Integrated Risk Information System IUCLID International Uniform Chemical Information Database kg kilogram LD 50 Represents the dose that kills half (50%) of the animals tested LOEL Lowest Observed Eff ect Level OECD Organisation for Economic Co

- operation and Development PPE Personal Protection Equipment MEDLINE Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online mg milligrams ml milliliter NICNAS National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme NOEL No Observed Effect Level NTP National Toxicology Program RED Reregistration Eligibility Decision SAR Structure Activity Relationships SIDS Screening Information Data Set TOXLINE Toxicology Literature Online TOXNET Toxicology D ata Network UDS U nscheduled DNA Synthesis U.S. EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WARF Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Laboratories3 

### 1.0 Executive s ummary

Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9), also known as hydroxyethyl oc tyl sulfide , is a clear, colorless to faint yellow, semi

- viscous liquid with a molecular weight of 190. 4 g/mole

.

Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is used a transported intermediate in the manufacturing process for Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) additives

. Two p otent ial exposures are thought to exist; one during exchange of the filter elements, and the second one during transfer and sampling of the finished product from the reactor into the transport containers. Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is not volatile, suggestin g inhalation exposure is low and dermal exposures are prevented through worker training, the use of proper PPE, and engineering controls. Environmental exposures are expected to be extremely rare, since any spills would be handled in an appropriate manner to minimize release to the environment.

Based upon its measured and estimated proper ties ethanol, 2

- (octylthio ) is relatively non

- volatile , water soluble, and not expected to bioaccumulate to a great extent. The boiling point, determined in a GLP study c onducte d according to OECD 103, is 283

- 285 o C. If released to the environment, ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is expected to partition primarily to soil ( 7 4.5 %) and water ( 2 4.6 %), as predicted by EQC Level III fugacity modeling. It is stable to hydrolysis at pH 5, 7 and 9. The estimated atmospheric half

- life of

v apor
- phase ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is 3.991 hours. The substance is readily biodegradable based upon the results of a laboratory study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301B.

Reliable data from guidel ine studies conducted under GLP are available on the toxicity to fish and
invertebrates of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

. S tudies were conducted under flow

- through conditions and the concentrations of the test substance were measured. Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) was moderately toxic to fish
, with LC 50 values of 2.7 mg/L for bluegill and 2.9 mg/L for rainbow trout and highly toxic to invertebrates
, with an EC 50 of 0.38 mg/L

. Experimental data on algal toxicity are not available, however based on ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)’ s previous use as an insecticide; invertebrates are expected to be the most sensitive species. This is supported by the ECOSAR estimate of a lgal toxicity (EC 50 = 5.7 mg/L). Since e thanol, 2

- (octylthio)’s toxicity to algae is not likely to be greater than that to invertebrates, algal toxicity testing is not warranted and ECOSAR estimates are considered sufficient.

Reliable data from guideline studies conducted under GLP are available to fulfill most of the SIDS endpoints for health effects for ethanol, 2

- ( octylthio). It has a low acute oral (LD 50 > 5 000 mg/ kg) and a low dermal toxicity to rabbits (LD 50 > 2 000 mg/kg). A l imited inhalation study in rats reported a LC 50 > 6.12 mg/ L

.

In a repeated dose study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 408 , Sprague

- Dawley rats (10/sex) were exposed via the diet for 90

- days to 0, 0.08, 0.4 and 2.0% ( estimated to be 74, 368, and4 1842 mg/kg/day, respectively) ethanol, 2

- (octylthio). Urinalysis and hematological evaluations were performed at 4, 8 and 13 wee ks. Terminal examinations including gross necropsy, organ weight measurements and histological examination of tissue specimens were performed . No treatment

- related effects were observed during the 13

- week study or at necropsy for any of the parameters me asured; the NOEL was determined to be greater than or equal to 2% (approximately 1842 mg/kg/day)

.

In a second repeated dose study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 410 , New Zealand white rabbits were given repeated dermal applications of et hanol, 2

- (octylthio) in corn oil, under semi

occlusive dressing, at doses of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, 6 hours/day, 7 days/week for 21 days; the vehicle control group (5/sex) received corn oil only on the same regimen. Dosing had no adverse effect on survival, clinical signs, mean body weights, body weight gain, food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights or gross histopathology

. For systemic toxicity, the NOEL was >200 mg/kg/day.

In the bacterial reverse mutation assay with multiple strain s (e.g. TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1538 ) of S. typhimurium conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 471
, ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) was negative both with and without metabolic activation (S

- 9)

. E thanol, 2

- (octylthio) was not mutagenic in two separate L 5178Y TK +/

- mouse lymphoma assay s conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline
476 with and without metabolic activation
, did not induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells , did not exhibit unscheduled DNA synthesis in a study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 482
, or increase Sister Chromatid Exchange assay in the presence or absence of
metabolic activation in a study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 479

.

In a developmental toxicity study conduc ted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 414 , Sprague

Dawley Crl:CD BR rats (24/group) were orally administered ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) at 0, 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/ day during d ays 6 through 15 of gestation. M aternal toxicity was observed

. Dosing had n o effect on any of the cesarean parameters (e.g. mean numbers of corpora lutea
, implantations
, live fetuses
, pre
- and post

- implantation losses ) . Therefore, for maternal toxicity, the NOEL was 1000 mg/kg bw/ day. Minor treatment

- related skeletal variations were limited to an increase, both in the number and percent of fetuses, as well as litters with 14th vestigial ribs at 1000 mg/kg bw/ day when compared to
controls. T he NOEL for developmental toxicity was determined to be 300 mg/kg/day and the LOEL 1000 mg/ kg bw/ day. The LOEL was based on increased incidence of skeletal variations.

In a second developmental toxicity study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 414 , female SPF rats (20/group) were treated with ethanol, 2

- (octylthio), via oral gavag e, during the 5 th though 15 th day o f pregnancy at dose levels of 0.2
, 3.7 , and 59.3 mg/kg bw/ day

. Results indicated food consumption was significantly reduced in all test groups, although no maternal or fetal parameters (e.g. index of dead
and alive born fetuses, index of resorptions, average number of fetuses, sex relation, etc) were affected5 and no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects were observed. The NOEL was identified as 59.3 mg/kg bw/ day

.

S tudies conducted specifically to evaluate reproductive toxi city were not available. However, a developmental study and a 90

- day oral repeated dose study, which w ere sufficiently documented with respect to studying effects on the reproductive organs, were available. The 90

- day study indicated no effects upon male and female reproductive organs up to a n estimated average concentration of 1842 mg/kg bw/ day . As described above, no effect on any of the cesarean parameters or maternal toxicity at 1000 mg/kg/day; but m inor treatment

- related skeletal variations were foun d at 1000 mg/k g bw/ day

. Therefore, requirements for the reproductive toxicity endpoint are satisfied.

The overall conclusions and recommendations are that adequate information exists for all of the E HPV elements for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) and no a dditiona l testing is required . This information is summarized in
Table 1.6 Table 1

. Summary of t est p lan for Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

SIDS Level I Endpoint Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9) Physicochemical Properties Melting point E Boiling point A Vapor pressure E Partition coefficient E Water s olubility E
Environmental Fate Photodegradation E Hydrolysis A Fugacity E Biodegradability A Ecotoxicity Acute f ish A Acute invertebrate A Aquatic plants/algae E
Health Effects Acute A Repeated d ose A Gene Tox

– Gene mutation A Gene Tox

– Chromosome aberration A Reproductive A Developmental A
A = Adequate Data Exist ; E= Estimation7 

### 2.0 Introduction

2.1 Overview Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP ( CP Chem) , hereby submits for review and public comment the
revised robust summaries and test plan for e thanol, 2

- (octylthio) (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9)
, under the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) Extended High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program. Thi s document addresses a single HPV

- sponsored chemical. The pu rpose of this plan is to present physicochemical data, environmental fate and aquatic effects data, and mammalian
health effects data for e thanol, 2

- (octylthio) consistent with the Screening Infor mation Data Set (SIDS). Therefore, this plan summarizes the existing SIDS data for ethanol, 2

- ( octylthio )

.

2.2 Methods for d ata r eview A review of the scientific literature and CP Chem’s company data was conducted on the physicochemical properties, envir onmental fate and effects, and mammalian toxicity endpoints for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio). A
series of ecotoxicity and mammalian toxicity studies are available for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

. In addition, searches were conducted on the CAS number and chemical na me using the following databases and web sites: ATSDR, CICAD, ESIS, HPVIS, HERA, IARC, IPCS INTOX Databank, IRIS, Japanese Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, NTP, OECD, EFDB, ECOTOX, and TOXNET (including TOXLINE, MEDLINE, CCRIS, HSDB, DART, GENE TOX, and CHEMIDPlus). In addition to these databases and web sites, a literature search was performed and standard handbooks (e.g., CRC Handbook on Chemicals, Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Merck Index, etc.) were consulted

.

In accordance with U .S. EPA guidance, in those instances where measured physicochemical parameters and environmental fate data were not available, these properties were developed using EPIWIN (EPISuite
version 4.0 ) modelling. EPIWIN is an acronym for the Estimation Programs I nterface for Microsoft Windows, and is a package of computer programs developed by the U.S. EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) that uses computational methods and structure

- activity relationships (SAR) in estimating chemical pr operties, environmental fate, and aquatic toxicity of organic
chemicals (EPISuite TM v.4

. 0, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000

- 2008) . Due to the inherent limitations of SAR approaches, EPIWIN modelling may produce non

- realistic estimates; therefore, EPIWIN data are evaluated for reasonableness prior to use. In accordance with U.S. EPA guidance, environmental fate and transport estimates were developed using the Level III Equilibrium Criteria Model (EQC) in EPIWIN v 4.0 as described by Mackay et al. (199 6).

Robust summaries were prepared for key studies to provide a detailed summary of the test methods and results. Though several studies were evaluated for a particular SIDS endpoint, in general robust summaries were prepared only for the critical studie s that represented the best available data. In addition,8 c onsistent with HPV initiatives, robust summaries were a lso prepared for non

- SIDS endpoints (e.g. skin and eye irritation and dermal sensitization studies) but not discussed because they did not have a ma jor influence in the testing plan . Selection of the critical study was based on a review of all studies using the ranking system developed by Klimisch et al (1997), as well as the criteria outlined in the U.S. EPA’s methods for determining the adequac y of existing data. Robust summaries were prepared for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) using the HPVIS and IUCLID version 5 formats.



### 3.0 Substance in formation for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) 3.1 Substance description Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9) is a clear, colorless to faint yellow, semi

- viscous liquid at 25

° C
, with a mild
, sweet odor and a molecular weight of 190 .349 g/mole. The structure of e thanol, 2

- (octylthio) is shown in Figure 1, and EPIWIN calculations were conducted by using the following SM ILES notation: C(CCSCCO)CCCCC.

Fig ure 1

. Structure of e thanol, 2

- (octylthio)

Synonyms for this substance a re hydroxyethyl octyl sulfide
, 2

- (Octylthio)ethanol, 2

- Hydroxyethyl n

- octyl sulfide, 2

- Hydroxyethyl octyl sulphide, 2

- Hydroxyethyl

- n
- octyl sulfide
, MGK® Repellent 874 , MGK® Repellent R

- 874, MGK® 874, MGK® R

- 874, R

- 874, R 874, R

- 874 phil l ips, r

- 874 Philips, and EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 046301

.

3.2 Use and e xposure i nformation Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is used in the manufacture of Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) additives . The production volume has grown to 1,000,000 pounds per year . Two possibilities exist where exposure can

occur. The first possibility is during replacement of process filter elements which is done periodically during production. A description of the required preparations to be made before performing this task is9 available in the opera tion procedures for production (i.e., how to empty, clean and replace the material). Replacement is done on an impenetrable concrete floor, with drain off to wastewater treatment. The
second possibility is during transfer and sampling of the finished prod uct from the reactor into the transport containers. Overfill protection is present to prevent spillage. Transfer is automated from the remote control room; containers are cleaned so exposure is limited to sampling and closure of the
container lid. In order to minimize exposure, impervious protective clothing (rubber apron, boots, and gloves) and eye protection (goggles) are recommended as PPE. Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is not volatile; suggesting inhalation exposure is quite low and exposure monitoring is not warranted. Dermal exposures are prevented through worker training, the use of proper PPE, and engineering controls

Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio ) is transported in containers which meet the ADR/DOT regulatory requirements for products with similar p hysical and ch emical properties.

The majority of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is directly transferred from reactor to transport container and the inventory on site at any one time is small. All organic and aqueous waste streams from the process that

uses ethanol, 2

- (octylthi o) are discharged to a chemical wastewater treatment plant. Potential environmental exposures are limited to transportation accidents en

- route to the site or spills on site, which are handled in accordance with recognized emergency response and safety proc edures, respectively, to minimize potential exposures. In summary, ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) poses a minimal exposure threat to
workers and the environment.



### 4.0 Data a nalysis and p roposed t esting A completed SIDS data matrix summarizing all of the availa bl e data for ethanol , 2

- (octylthio) is provided in Section 5

. These data are discussed below
, while details are provided in the Robust Su mmaries submitted concurrently with this Test Plan

.

Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) has been previously registered as an insect repellent under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). As part of the registration and reregistration process, t he U.S. EPA has reviewed and evaluated the available data for this chemical for the purposes of assessing potential hu man health and environmental risks (U.S. EPA, 1995). This document has been used as a reliable source of data in addition to CP Chem submitted studies for the SIDS endpoints discussed in this test plan.

4. .1 Physico

- chemical p roperties Data on the physi c o
- chemical properties of e thanol, 2

- (octylthio) , obtained from U.S. EPA, 1995 as well as estimated through EPIWIN
, are presented in Table 2

. Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is an aliphatic compound.10 The compound is a clear
, colourless to faint yellow semi

- viscous liquid at 25 °C
, with a mild
, sweet odour

. E stimated and reported data indicate a melting and boiling point of approximately 39 ° C (EPIWINv 4.0),
and 287

– 288 ° C (U.S. EPA, 1995 ) , respectively

. A recently

- completed laboratory study was performed
to determ ine the boiling point (Wildlife International, Ltd., 2009a). This study, conducted under GLP and following OECD Guideline 103, indicated that the boiling point is 283

– 285 o C.

Vapor pressure at 25 o C is reported as 5.94 x 10 - 4 Torr and estimated at 0.00 0315 mm Hg , and water solubility is 38.1

– 96.8 mg/L, indicating that ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) would tend to remain in water rather
than volatilize into the atmosphere

. With an octanol/water partition coefficient of 4,367 (U.S. EPA, 1995)
and estimated bioc oncentration factor (BCF) of 117 L/kg (EPIWINv 4.0) , only moderate potential for
bioaccumulation exists.

Table 2 . Physico

- chemical properties of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

Substance information and properties E thanol, 2

- (octylthio) ( CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9)

Me lting point 39.13 ° C (estimat ed ) 1

Boiling point 283

- 285 ° C at 76 7

- 768 mm Hg ( measured ) 2

Vapor pressure 5.94 x 10 - 4 Torr at 25 ° C 3 ; 0.000315 mm Hg (estimated) 1 Water solubility 0.0968 g/L 3 ; 38.13 mg/L (estimated) 1

Partition coefficient (octanol/wa ter) 4,367 at 25 ° C 3 BCF = 117 L/kg (estimated) 2

1 All estimated values are from EPIWIN v 4.0

2 Wildlife International, Ltd., 2009a

3 U.S. EPA, 1995

4 .2 Environmental f ate and p athways According to the United States Environmental Protection Agenc y ’s Re re gistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)
, all environmental fate data requirem ents are satisfied for the outdoor, residential, terrestrial and non

- food uses of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) as an insect repellent . Previously
submi tted studies relevant to this RED were judged by EPA to be acceptable and g ave a consistent understanding of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) dissipation in the environment. E thanol, 2

- (octylthio) and its sulfoxide and sulfone degradates are not likely to persist fo r any significant amount of time. The i r half

lives are less than 2 days in soil. Even though ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) degradation products are moderately mobile in soil and have a relatively high water solubility
, ground and surface water contamination are not11 likely
, based on the lack of persistence in soil

. However, ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) may persist if it is applied directly to water. Leaching and runoff are not likely to be significant based on the use patterns and lack of persistence in aerobic soil of both the parent compound and degradation products
, and the moderate mobility in soils with low organic material ( U.S. EPA, 1995).

Indirect photodegradation of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) in air was calculated using AOPWIN v1.92. The resulting half

- life was app roximately 4 hours for reaction with hydroxyl radicals; reaction with nitrate radicals may also be important. A small fraction (<1%) may be sorbed to aerosols and this fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation.

E thanol, 2

- (octylthio) is an aliph atic compound that was determined in a laboratory study to be stable to hydrolysis at pH of 5, 7, and 9 ( Gorman, 1991 as cited in U.S EPA 1995 ). No data are available on biodegradation in aquatic /sediment systems, although aerobic soil metabolism studies a re reported in the
RED. The half

- life was 31 hours (1.3 days) in a sandy loam soil that had been dosed with 10 ppm of the parent compound and aerobically incubated at 25 ± 1 °C in darkness for up to 30 days. Metabolites were the sulfone, sulfoxide, and alp hahydroxylated sulfone and sulfoxide compounds, which degrade by beta oxidation to CO 2 . Beta

- oxidation and decarboxylation were the apparent degradation pathways of the aliphatic parent compound, based on the increase in soil

- bound material and CO 2 in the volatility traps with increasing time (Williams, 1992 and Williams, 1993 as cited in U.S EPA 1995 ).

E thanol, 2

- (octylthio) is moderately mobile in Tiffany sand (North Dakota, 0.25% OC), Anthony sandy loam (Arizona, 0.35% OC), and Dundee clay loam (Mississ ippi, 0.65% OC) soils with Freundlich K ads values of 1.5, 3.4, and 3.5, and K des values of 1.2, 3.3, and 1.9. However, ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) was bound much more tightly in a Gardena silt loam soil (North Dakota, 2.1% OC) with Freundlich K ads and K des valu es of 14.7 and 13.7, respectively. This indicates that soil organic carbon may bind significant amounts of the ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) that reaches soil. K oc values were 600, 538, 971, and 700 for adsorption, and
K ocdes values we re 479, 292, 932, and 654 (W illiams and White

- Berghaus, 1992 as cited in U.S EPA
1995 ).

A recent laboratory study was conducted under GLP and according to OECD 301B to determine the biodegradability of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (Wildlife International, Ltd., 2009b)

. Domestic, non

- adapt ed activated sludge was able to degrade the test substance (10 mg/L) by a mean of 99.8% at 28 days, with >60% degradation reached within 10 days of attaining 10% of the theoretical concentration of CO 2 . This indicates that the test substance is readily bio degradable. These results are supported by BIOWIN v4.10, which predicts a timeframe of days for primary biodegradation.12 T able 3

. Environmental f ate and p athways i nformation for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

Environmental Fate Endpoint ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (3 547

- 33

- 9)
Photodegradation half

- life 3.991 hours (estimated) 1

Hydrolysis S table to hydrolysis at pH 5, 7, and 9 2
Fugacity (percent distribution over time assuming equal emissions to air, water and soil) Air: 0.614 %, Water: 24.6 %, Soil: 74.5 %; Sediment: 0.262 %(estimated) 3

Biodegradation Readily biodegradable according to OECD 301B ( measured ) 4

1 AOPWIN v1.92 2 Gorman, 1991 3 Level III Fugacity Model , EPIWIN 4.0 4 Wildlife International Ltd., 2009b

4 .3 Ecotoxicity
T wo freshwater fish acute toxicity s tudies have been conducted on ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) , one study using a cold water species, rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) , and the other using a warm water species, bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus )

. These studies were conducted following U.S. E PA guidelines under FIFRA. They were flow

- through tests in which the concentrations of test substance were analytically verified. The median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) to the rainbow trout was 2. 9 mg/L (Bowman
and Bucksath , 1991a)
, while it was 2. 7 mg/ L f or bluegill sunfish (Bowman and Bucksath , 1991b).
Additional stud ies conducted by Industrial Bio

- Test Laboratories found similar toxicities to these species while conducting static 96

- hour freshwater tests. The tests yield ed LC 50 values of 3.1 mg/L for rainbow
trout and 5.0 mg/L for bluegill sunfish (Industr ial Bio

- Test Laboratories, 1977 ). Since data from this test facility are considered suspect in the absence of validation, these data are only considered supporting. The results of the acute toxicity studies indicate that ethanol,2

- (octylthio) is moderately toxic to both cold and warm water fish.

An acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna was conducted following FIFRA guidelines to establish the toxicity of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) to a representative freshwater invertebrate

. This test was conducted
under flow

- through conditions and the concentrations of test substance were analytically verified. The
median effective concentration ( EC 50 ) to Daphnia magna was determined to be 0.3 8 mg/L (Blasberg et al, 1991) . These results suggest ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) is highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

Experimental data on algal toxicity are not available ; however based on ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)’s use as an insecticide; invertebrates are expected to be the mos t sensitive of the three trophic levels

. Using ECOSAR v1.00, the predicted 96

- hr EC 50 to green algae is 5.33 mg/L which supports this hypothesis.13 Since ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)’s toxicity to algae is not likely to be greater than that to invertebrates , alga l toxicity testing is not warranted and ECOSAR estimates are sufficient.

Table 4

. Ecotoxicity i nformation for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)

Ecotoxicity Endpoint ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (3547

- 33

- 9)

Acute fish (96 h r LC 50 ) Rainbow trout: 2. 9 mg/L 1 Bluegill sunf ish: 2. 7 mg/L 2

Acute invertebrate (48 hr EC 50 ) Daphnia magna: 0.3 8 mg/L 3

Aquatic plants/algae (96 hr EC 50 ) Green Algae = 5.33 mg/L 4

1 Bowman and Bucksath , 1991 a 2 Bowman and Bucksath
, 1991b 3 Blasberg, J., Butzlaff, T., Bucksath, J.
, 1991 4 ECOSAR Pro gram v 1.00 , EPIWIN v 4.0

4 .4 Health e ffects
4 .4. 1 Acute t oxicity
Acute oral In a study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 401 , a group of young adult Sprague Dawley rats (5/sex) were administered a single oral dose of undiluted ethanol, 2

- ( octylthio) (96. 1%) at 5000 mg/kg bw (Limit Dose). One female was found dead on Day 2. Clinic al signs observed in both sexes were ruffled fur, diarrhea, dark stained muzz le, and anogenital staining. By Day 6, all rats recovered from
the above conditions and appeared active and healthy for the remainder of th e 14

- day observation period.
No treatment

- related gross pathology was obs erved at termination. The LD 50 was > 5000 mg/kg bw for
both sexes (Gabriel, 1990a as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 )

.

The LD 50 of ethanol , 2

- (octylthio) was determined by following the recommendations outlined by the National Safety Council

. Five male rats were dosed by oral gavage at 3980, 7950, 15800 and 31600 mg/kg bw

. Immediately following dosing
, rats in the 31600 mg/kg bw group were sick and ataxic; all 5
rats died over night. O f the 5 rats administere d 15800 mg/kg bw , 3 died overnight; the 2 remaining rats died on the second day. Two rats in the 7950 mg/kg dose group died on the second day. The surviving
rats in the 7950 and 3980 mg/kg groups were sluggish the first day
, but recovered fully thereafter and showed good weight gains during the 14

- day observation period

. Autopsies of survivors revealed no gross lesions. The LD 50 was 8530 mg/kg bw ( IHFA , Inc.
, 1957 )

.14 Acute inhalat ion In an acute inhalation toxicity study groups of Sprague

- Dawley rats (5/sex) were exposed to aerosol
concentrations of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (96.1%) at a mean analytical concentration of 6. 12 ± 0.16 mg/L (top and only dose used in the study ) with a mas s median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) part icle size distribution of 2.0 ± 0.03 μM for 4 hours. However
, limited details on materials and methods were reported
and documentation was absent on the length of the observation period. The acute inhalation LC 50 was greater than 6.12 mg/L for both sexes (Hershman, 1990 as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 ).

A second study was conducted using groups of six albino rats that were exp o sed to a stream of air approaching saturation with vapors of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) for 8 hours. The rats were observed throughout the exposure for mortality, symptom s of irritation, irregular respirations, or stages of narcosis. Although dose level was not provided, all 6 rats survived to the end of the 14

- day observation period
, and no animals showed signs of irritation or objection to the vapor during the exposure ( IHFA , Inc., 1957).

Acute dermal
In an acute dermal toxicity stud y conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 402 , ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (96.1%) was applied to the intact skin of New Zealand white rabbits (5/sex) at 2000 mg/kg bw (Limit Dose) for a period of 24 hours. The test substance produced well defined erythema with severe
edema and eschar at 4 days. Body weight loss was seen in 4 /5 males and 4/5 females on Day 7, and in 2/5 males and 4/5 females on D ay 14. Decreases in body weight gain were s een in 2/5 males and 4/5
female s during the 14

- day period. While no clinical signs were seen in males, 1

- 4 females exhibited tremors, lethargy, signs of diarrhea, no feces or th in appearance on Days 6 through 14. Gross necropsy revealed a lower gast rointes tinal tract full of gas, mucus and dark liquid in 2 males and 3 females. The
acute dermal LD 50 was > 2000 mg/kg bw for both sexes (Gabriel, 1990b as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 )

.

In a second acute dermal toxicity study that followed the recommendations outli ned by the National Safety Council , g roups of 4 male albino rabbits weighing about 2.0 kg were placed in tw o dose groups (7.95 and 15.80 ml /kg , approximately 7362 and 14631 mg/kg, respectively , based on a density of 0. 9 26 g/ml at 15.6 o C ) of ethanol, 2

- (oc tylthio). The fur was closely clipped over the entire trunk (about 1/10 of the body surface) and the dose was retained beneath an impervious plastic film. The calculated dose of the undiluted test substance was introduced through a catheter after the dam was in place. The rabbits were then confined in stocks. The dam was removed after 24 hours’ contact, and the skin was examined for gross changes. Mortality was considered complete after 14 days. All fatalities were autopsied to
exclude extraneous caus es of death. Some survivors were autopsied for gross lesions. The skin of all animals showed slight erythema and slight subcutaneous edema when removed from the dam. Two of
the 4 rabbits in the high dose group were in a weakened condition; 1 died on the second day, and the other survived but failed to gain weight. Although the health of the other 2 rabbits in this group seemed15 satisfactory
, when the dams were removed
, their condition subsequently deteriorated. One died on the seventh day; the other sur vived but lost weight. Autopsies of the fatalities and survivors revealed no significant findings. Although an exact determination of the LD 50 could not be made, and approximation from the available data suggested it to be about 13890 mg/kg (IHFA, Inc., 1 957).

4 .4. 2 Repeated d ose t oxicity
In a repeated dose study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 408 , 21

- day

- old Sprague

Dawley rats (10/sex) were exposed via the diet for 13 weeks to 0, 0.08, 0.4 and 2.0% ( estimated 1 to be 74, 368, and 1842 m g/kg/day, respectively) ethanol, 2

- (octylthio). The animals were fed 3 times weekly, or as required. W eight and food consumption data were collected weekly . Urinalysis and hematological evaluations were performed at 4, 8 and 13 weeks. Terminal examinatio ns including gross necropsy, organ weight measurements (liver, heart, kidney, spleen and gonads) and histological examination of tissue specimens of the brain, thyroid, larynx, salivary gland, lymph node, lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, colon, stomach, urinary bladder, testes or ovary, uterus, bone and bone
marrow were included. No treatment

- related effects were observed during the 13

- week study or at necropsy for any of the parameters measured; the NOEL was determined to be greater than or equal to
2% (estimated to be 1842 mg/kg /day ) (WARFL, 1961).

In a second repeated dose study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 410
, New Zealand
white rabbits (5/sex/dose) were given repeated d ermal applications of ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (100%) in

corn oil , under semi

- occlusive dressing
, at doses of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, 6 hours/day, 7 days/week for
21 days; the vehicle control group (5/sex) received corn oil only on the same regi men. Treatment had no adverse effect on survival , clinical signs, mean body weights, body weight gain, food consumption, hematology, clini cal chemistry, organ weights or gross histopathology

. For systemic toxicity
, the NOEL
was >200 mg/kg/day (top dose used in the study ); a LOEL was not established (Hus band, 1994 as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 ).

4 .4. 3 Genetic t oxicity
In vitro
In a bacterial reverse mutation assay, Salmonella typhimurium
, conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 471
, S. t yphimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1538 were treated with ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (96.9%) at concentrations of 0, 3, 10, 33 and 333 μ g/plate in the presence and absence of rat liver S9 activation. No induced mutation s were observed in the indicator strains in either the presence or

1 Doses in mg/kg bw/day were estimated using default values for Sprague

- Dawley rat body weight and food consumption for subchronic studies found in: EPA. 1988. Recommendations for and Documentation of Biological Values for Use in Risk Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Male and female values were averaged to obtain a central point estimate of body weight and food consumption.16 absence of metabolic acti vation. At doses above 100 μ g/plate
, in the absence of activation, toxicity was moderate to extreme (San and Wagner, 1990 as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 and NICNAS, 1998 ).

In a mammalian cell gene mutation assay, L5178Y TK +/

- mouse lymphoma assay was conduc ted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 476

. L5178Y TK +/

- cell cultures were exposed to ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) for 4 hours at concentrations ranging from 0. 0 42

- 0. 0 94 μL /mL in the presence of rat liver S9
activation
, and 0.01

- 0.05 μ L/mL in the absence of metabolic activation . Results indicated the test
substance was non
- mutagenic in both the presence and absence of activation (San and Clark, 1991)

. In a
second mammalian cell gene mutation assay, L5178Y TK +/

- mouse lymphoma assay conducted with
methods similar to OECD Guideline 476 , L5178Y TK +/

- cell cultures were exposed to ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation at concentrations ranging from 1.8

- 30
μ g/mL

. T he test substance did not induce a positive mutagenic re sponse in either the presence or absence of metabolic activation ( HLA , Inc., 1983).

In a forward gene mutation assa y conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 476 , ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (96.9%) yielded negative result s following exposure of Chines e hamster ovary (CHO) cells at 0, 0.013, 0.025 or 0.05 μg/mL in the presence of metabolic activation
, and at concentratio ns of 0, 0.007, 0.013, 0.025 or 0.05 μg/mL in the absence of metabolic activation ( U.S. EPA , 1995).

In a chromosome aberration assay conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 473 , CHO cells were exposed for 10 hours to ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) at concentrations ranging from 0.007

- 0.075 μL/mL in the absence of metabolic activation
, and for 2 hours at concentrations ranging from 0.01 3

- 0.15 μL/mL in the presence of rat liver S9 activation. The test substance failed to induce structural chromosomal aberrations in either the presence or absence of metabolic activation
, and was therefore considered non

mutagenic in the assay (Putman and Morris, 1991 as cited in NICNAS, 1998 )

.

In an in vitro primary rat hepatocyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) assay conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 482 , cultures were treated with ethanol, 2

- ( octylthio ) for 18

- 20 hours at
concentrations r anging from 0.001

- 0.05 μL /m L . Under the conditions of the study, the test substance did not induce an increase in UDS (Curren, 1991 as cited in NICNAS, 1998 ).

In a Sister Chromatid Exchange assay conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 479 , Chin ese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were exposed to ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) at concentrations ranging from 0.25

- 25 μ g/m L in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Under the conditions of the study, the test
substance was determined to have not exhibit ed a positive response in increasing the number of SCE’s in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, and was therefore considered non

- mutagenic (HLA, Inc., 1984).17 No in vivo genetic toxicity studies were available. However, this element is not req uired because all of the
in vitro test results, from a variety of studies, were negative.

4 .4.4 Developmental toxicity In a developmental toxicity study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 414 , Sprague

Dawley Crl:CD BR rats(24/group) were or ally administered technical ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (96.5%) at 0, 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/ day during d ays 6 through 15 of gestation (Irvine, 1992 as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 and NICNAS, 1998 ) . No maternal toxicity was reported . The slight decrease in food consumption seen during g estation d ays 9

- 11 in dams treated at 1000 mg/kg/day was not considered to be toxicologically significant due to the size of the standard deviations, range of food consumed, and because there were no corresponding decreases in eith er mean body weight or weight gain. Dosing had no effect on any of the cesarean parameters measured (e.g. mean numbers of corpora lutea
, implantations
, live fetuses; pre

- and post

- implantation losses )

. Therefore, for maternal toxicity
, t he NOEL was 1000 mg /kg bw/ day ; a LOEL was not established.

No treatment

- related fetal external or fetal soft tissue abnormalitie s were seen at any dose level. Minor
t reatment

- related skeletal variations were limited to an increase, both in the number and percent of fetuses , as well as litters with 14th vestigial ribs at 1000 mg/kg bw/ day when compared to controls. No
treatment

- related skeletal malformations were seen. Based on these results, the NOEL for developmental toxicity was 300 mg/kg bw/ day and the LOEL was 1000 mg/k g bw/ day. The LOEL was based on
increased incidence of skeletal variations (Irvine, 1992 as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 and NICNAS, 1998 ).

In a second developmental toxicity study conducted with methods similar to OECD Guideline 414 , female SPF rats (20/group) were treated with ethanol, 2

- (octylthio), via oral gavage, during the 5 th though 15 th day of pregnancy at dose levels of 50, 200, and 800 μL/kg bw of a 0.5, 2.0 and 8.0% (v/v) solution, correspondingly, and estimated to be 0.2, 3.7 and 59.3 mg/kg bw/ day, respectively 2

. Results indicated that food consumption was significantly reduced in all test group s , although no maternal or fetal parameters (e.g. weight gain of females, food consumption, water consumption, autopsy findings, fertility and gestation indi ces, index of dead and alive born fetuses, index of resorptions, abnormalities/anomalies, average number of fetuses, sex relation, average fetus weight, and average placenta weight) were affected and no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects were observed. Th e NOEL was
identified as 59.3 mg/kg bw/ day (IBR, 1977).

2 Doses were calculated based on the volumes administered per kg body weight and a density of 0.926 g/ml at 15.6 oC.18 4 .4. 5 Reproductive t oxicity No studies conducted specifically to evaluate reproductive toxicity were available. However, a developmental study (Irvine, 1992 as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 and NICNAS, 19 98 ) and a 90

- day oral repeated dose study (WARF, 1961) , which were sufficiently documented with respect to studying effects on the reproductive organs , were available

. Therefore, requirements for the reproductive toxicity endpoint
are satisfied. In stud ies reported above, the 90

- day oral repeat dose study resulted in negative histopathologic findings in testes, ovaries and uterus and no difference in gonadal organ weights compared to control up to a dose level of 2.0% (estimated to be 1842 mg/kg/day) (W AR FL, 1961); and developmental toxicity studies showed no maternal toxicity and no effect on any of the cesarean parameters measured (e.g. mean numbers of corpora lutea
, implantations
, live fetuses; pre

- and post

implantation losses ) up to 1000 mg/kg/day.

4 .4. 6 Summary of h ealth e ffects d ata Reliable data exist for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) for the following health effects endpoints: acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, repeated dose toxicity, genetic toxicity
, developmenta l toxicity and reproductive toxicity

. Based on available data, no further testing is proposed to fulfill requirements for any of the health effects endpoints.

The SIDS endpoints relative to health effects for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) are summarized in Secti on 6 (SIDS Data Matrix), with more detailed information provided in the Robust Summaries submitted with this Test
Plan.

4 .5 Test p lan s ummary The SIDS Level I endpoints for ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) are ful filled by a combination of measured a nd estimated data for the chemical, as listed in Table 5

. New studies were conducted on boiling point and biodegradation. With the inclusion of these new data, no further testing is needed.19 Table 5

. Summary of d ata g ap a nalysis for ethanol, 2

- (octylthi o)

SIDS Level I Endpoint Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio) (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9) Physicochemical Properties Melting point E Boiling point A Vapor pressure E Partition coefficient E Water s olubility E
Environmental Fate Photodegradation E Hydrolysis A F ugacity E Biodegradability A Ecotoxicity Acute f ish A Acute invertebrate A Aquatic plants/algae E
Health Effects Acute A Repeated d ose A Gene Tox

– Gene mutation A Gene Tox

– Chromosome aberration A Reproductive A Developmental A

A = Ade quate Data Exist ; E = estimation20 

### 5 .0 SIDS d ata m atrix

SIDS Endpoint Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)
(CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9)

Value Reference Test Guidance Klimisch Score
Physicochemical
Melting point 39.1 °C EPIWIN v4.0 QSAR K2
Boiling point 283

- 285 °C at 76 7

- 768 mm Hg; 287o C Wildlife International, Ltd., 2009a OECD 103 K1

Vapor pressure 5.94 x 10 - 4 Torr at 25 °C; 0.000315 mmHg US EPA, 1995;

EPIWIN v4.0 No data

QSAR K4

K2
Partition coefficient (Kow) 4,367 US EPA, 1995 No data K4
Water solubility 96.8 mg/L; 38.13 mg/L US EPA, 1995;

EPIWIN v4.0 No data

QSAR K4

K2

Environmental fate
Photodegradation (t 1/2 ) ca. 4 hours AOPWIN v1.92 QSAR K2
Hydrolysis Stable to hydrolysis at pH 5, 7, and 9 1 Gorman, 1991 (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995) No data K4

Fug acity Air: 0.614%, Water: 24.6%, Soil: 74.5%; Sediment: 0.262% (estimated) Level III Fugacity Model, EPIWIN v4.0 QSAR K2

Biodegradability Readily biodegradable Wildlife International, Ltd., 2009b OECD 301B K 1

Ecotoxicity

Acute Fish 96

- h LC50 2.7 mg /L for bluegill, 2.9 mg/L for rainbow trout Bowman and Bucksath, 1991a&b; EPA OPP 72

- 1 K1

Acute Invertebrate 48

- h EC50 0.38 mg/L Blasberg, J., Butzlaff, T., Bucksath, J., 1991 EPA OPP 72

- 2 K1

Algal Inhibition 96

- h EC50 5.33 mg/L ECOSAR v1.00 QSAR K221 SIDS Endpoint Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)
(CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9)

Value Reference Test Guidance Klimisch Score
Toxicity

Acute Oral LD 50 LD 50 (rat) = > 5000 mg/kg bw Gabriel, 1990a (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995) OECD 401 (similar) K2

Acute Dermal LD 50 LD 50 >2000 mg/kg bw Gabriel, 1990b (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995) OECD 402 (similar) K2

Acute Inhalation LC 50 LC 50 > 6.12 mg/L (rat)
No mortality occurred in rats exposed to vapors (at saturation) for 8 hours. Hershman, 1990 (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995)
IHFA, Inc., 1957 OECD 403 (similar)

National Safety Council K4

K4

Repeated Dose 21

- day dermal

- NOEL (systemic toxici ty) > 200 mg/kg bw/day (rabbit)

13

- week oral

- NOEL >2% (estimated to be 1842 mg/kg/day) (rat) Husband, 1994 (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995)
WARFL, 1961 OECD 410 (similar)

OECD 408 (similar) K2

K2

Genetic Tox

– Gene mutation Bacterial reverse mutation assay

- negative with/without metabolic activation in strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1538
L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay

- negative with/without metabolic activation

Forward gene mutation assay

- negative with/without metabolic activation San and Wagner, 1990 (c ited in U.S. EPA, 1995 & NICNAS, 1998) San and Clark, 1991 (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 & NICNAS, 1998) ; HLA, Inc., 1983

U.S. EPA, 1995 OECD 471 (similar)

OECD 476 (similar)
OECD 476 (similar)

OECD 476 (similar) K2

K2

K2

K4

Genetic Tox

- Chromosome
a berration Chromosome aberration assay

- negative with/without metabolic activation Putman and Morris, 1991 (cited in NICNAS, 1998) OECD 473 (similar) K2

Reproductive oral

- NOEL (maternal)=1000 mg/kg bw/day;

13

- week oral

- NOEL >2% (estimated to be 1842 mg/ kg/day) (rat): negative histopathologic findings in testes, ovaries and uterus and no difference in gonadal organ weights compared to control Irvine, 1992 (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 & NICNAS, 1998)
WARFL, 1961 OECD 414 (similar)

OECD 408 (similar) K2

K222 SIDS Endpoint Ethanol, 2

- (octylthio)
(CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9)

Value Reference Test Guidance Klimisch Score

D evelopmental oral

- NOEL (maternal)=1000 mg/kg bw/day; NOEL (developmental)=300 mg/kg bw/day; LOEL (developmental)=1000 mg/kg bw/day (rat)

oral

- NOEL (maternal, embryotoxic, and teratogenic)= 59.3 mg/kg/day (rat) Irvine, 1992 (cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 & NICNA S, 1998)
IBR, 1977 OECD 414 (similar)

OECD 414 (similar) K2

K223 

### 6 .0 References
This list of references is for studies as cited in Sections 1 through 6 , while a complete list of all data sources reviewed in the development of the Test Plan and Robust Su mmaries can be foun d in the Robust Summaries.

Blasberg, J., Butzlaff, T., Bucksath, J., 1991

. Acute Toxicity of MGK Repellent 874 to Daphnia magna
under Flow

- through Conditions: Lab Project Number: 39204. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs, Inc. 334 p

. Bowman, J., Bucksath, J., 1991a. Acute Flow

- through Toxicity of MGK Repellent 874 to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Lab Project No. 39203. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs, Inc. 316 p. Bowman, J., Bucksath, J., 1991b. Acute Flow

- through Toxic ity of MGK Repellent 874 to Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): Lab Project Number: 39202. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs, Inc. 320 p. Curren, R.D. 1991, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Rat Primary Hepatocytes, Project No., T9488.380,
Microbio logical Asso ciates Inc, MD, USA (as cited in NICNAS, 1998). Gabriel, D . ( 1990a) MGK Repellent 874 Code No. 673

- 90: Acute Oral Toxicity, Single Level

- Rats: Lab Project Number: 90

- 7122A. Un

- published study prepared by Biosearch Inc. 10 p. (as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 ). G abriel, D . ( 1990b) MGK Repellent 874 Code No. 673

- 90: Acute Dermal Toxicity, Single Level

- Rabbits: Lab Project Number: 90

- 7122A. Un

- published study prepared by Biosearch Inc. 13 p. (as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995). Gorman, M. (1991) Hydrolysis of MGK 874 as a Function of p H at 25C: Lab Project Number: 39311. Unpublished stud y prepared by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 41 p (as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995)

. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc., 1983. Mouse Lymphoma Forward Mutation Assay 2

- hydroxyl

- n
- octyl Sulfide (Repellent 874). Project no., 652

- 146. April 27, 1983. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc., 1984. In vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

- 2

- hydroxyethyl

- n
- octyl Sulfide (Repellent 874). Project no., 652

- 147. October 18, 1984. Hershman, R . (1990) MGK Repellent 874 Code No. 673

- 90: Acute Inhalation Toxicity, Single Level, 4

- Hour Exposure

- Rats: Lab Project Number: 90

- 7122A. Unpublished study prepared by Biosearch Inc. 26 p. (as cited in U.S. EPA 1995). Husband, R. (1994) MGK Repellent 874: 2 1 Day Dermal Toxicity Study in the Rabbit: Lab Project Number: MCA/21/C: MCA/21/93. Unpublished study prepared by Toxicol Laboratories, Ltd. 182 p. (as cited in NICNAS 1998 and U.S. EPA 1995).
Industrial B io

- Test Laboratories, Inc, 1977 . Four

- Day Static A quatic Toxicity Studies with MGK Repellent 874 in Rainbow Trout and Bluegills. IBT No.8560

- 10299. April 11, 1977. Submitted to the McLaughlin Gormley King Company.24 Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. (IHFA) , 1957. Range

- Finding Toxicity Tests on 2

- hydroxyethyl

- N

- octyl sulphide. Unpublished.
International Bio

- Research (IBR) , Inc. 1977. Effect of “MGK Repellent 874” on the Embryonic Development of Rats after Oral Application. Unpublished study, February 1977. Irvine, L. (1992) MGK Repellent 874 (R8 74): Rat Development Toxicity (Teratology) Study: Lab project Number: MCA/4/R. Unpublished study prepared by Toxicol Labs., Ltd. 175 p. (as cited in U.S. EPA, 1995 and NICNAS, 1998). Klimisch, H.J., Andreae, M., and Tillman, U., 1997. A systematic approa ch for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data. Regulatory Toxicol. and Pharmacol. 25:1

- 5. Mackay, D., DiGuardo, A., Paterson, S., and Cowan, C., 1996. Evaluating the environmental fate of a variety of types of chemic als using the EQC model. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:1627

- 37. National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) . 1998. Full Public Report Ethyl Octyl Sulphide. NA/487. March 1998. At http://www.nicnas.gov.au/search/cache.cgi?collection=nicnas

web&doc=http/www.nicnas.gov.au/publications/car/new/na/nafullr/na0400fr/na487f r.pdf.pan.txt Putman, D.L. and Morris, M.J. 1991, Chromosome Aberrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells, Project no., T9488.337, Microbiol ogical Associates Inc, MD, USA (as cited in NICNAS, 1998). San, R.H.C. and Clarke, J.J. 1991, L5178Y TK +/

- Mou se Lymphoma Mutagenesis Assay, Project no., T9488.701, Microbiol ogical Associates Inc, MD, USA (as cited in NICNAS, 1998). San, R.H.C. and Wagner, V.O. 1990, Salmonella/Mammalian Microsome Plate Incorporation Mutagenicity Assay (Ames Test), Project no., T9 488.501, Microbiological Associates Inc., MD, USA (as cited in NICNAS, 1998 and U.S. EPA, 1995). U.S. EPA, 1999. The use of structure

- activity relationships (SAR) in the High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program. At http://www.epa.gov/chemrtk/sarfinl1.htm

. U.S. EPA. 1995. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances

. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Hydroxyethyl Octyl Sulfide. EPA 738

- R

- 96

- 001. December 1995. At http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/3103.pdf U.S. EPA, 2000

- 2008 . EPI Suite and all component programs except BioHCWIN and KOAWIN ( EPIWIN

v 4 .0 ). Wildlife International, Ltd., 2009a. Determination of the melting and boiling point/range of 2

- hydroxyethyl

N

- octyl sulfide (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9), Study Report No. 162C

- 104, prepared for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP. Wildlife International, Ltd., 2009b. 2

- Hydroxyethyl

- N

- octyl sulfide (CAS No. 3547

- 33

- 9): Ready
bio degradability by the carbon dioxide evolution test method. Study Report No. 162E

- 127, prepared for Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP. Williams, M. 1 992. Aerobic Soil Metabolism of MGK Repellent 874: Lab Project Number: 39431. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 44 p

. (as cited in U.S. EPA 1995).25 Williams, M., 1993. Aerobic Soil Metabolism of MGK Repellent 874

- Supplemental Report: Lab Project Number: 394311: N/163/1. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 61 p

. (as cited
in U.S. EPA 1995). Williams, M.; White

- Berghaus, L. (1992) Soil/Sediment Adsorption

- Desorption of MGK Repellent 874: Lab Project Number: 39435. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs., Inc. 51 p. (as cited in U.S. EPA 1995).
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Laboratories (WARFL) . 1961. Unpublished study number 1050939. October 16, 1961.