# Patent

## Title
Capacitor element and capacitor device having the same

## Abstract

A capacitor forming unit includes a dielectric plate, a first conductor film formed on a plate upper surface region other than front and rear end portions, a first insulator film formed on the upper surface front end portion, a second insulator film formed on the upper surface rear end portion, a second conductor film formed on a plate lower surface region other than front and rear end portion, a third insulator film formed on the front end portion lower surface, and a fourth insulator film formed on the lower surface rear end portion. One or more first electrode rods are disposed in through holes, and electrically connected to the first conductor film and electrically insulated from the second conductor film. One or more second electrode rods are disposed in other through holes, and electrically connected to the second conductor film and electrically insulated from the first conductor film.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a capacitor forming unit used to form a capacitor and to a capacitor having the capacitor forming unit.
2. Description of the Related Art
Several hundreds of stacked capacitors are used in one electronic device such as a portable telephone, a notebook computer, a video camera or a digital camera. Stacked capacitors have improved mountability onto circuit boards, and have a large capacity although they are small in size. For example, a stacked capacitor of the 0603 size having a capacitance of 0.47 μF (having a rated voltage of 4.0 V) is available in the market. Japanese Patent No. 4493686 discloses a stacked capacitor of a small size and a large capacitance.
In recent years, with the improvement in performance of various electronic devices, there has been a demand for a stacked capacitor of a high withstand voltage (which means an increased rated voltage). In a stacked capacitor, a high withstand voltage can be realized by changing the materials and thickness of internal electrode layers and dielectric layers. However, a problem is that the external size increases with changes of the materials and thickness of the internal electrode layers and the dielectric layers.
Thus, there is a demand for a stacked capacitor of a high withstand voltage and a large capacitance that is generally equal in size to the conventional stacked capacitors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment according to the present invention provides a stacked capacitor of a high withstand voltage and a large capacitance that is generally equal in size to the conventional stacked capacitors, and a capacitor forming unit for forming the stacked capacitor.
A capacitor forming unit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a dielectric plate having a plurality of through holes formed in the thickness direction, a first conductor film formed on a region of an upper surface of the dielectric plate other than a front end portion and a rear end portion of the upper surface, a first insulator film formed on the front end portion of the upper surface of the dielectric plate, a second insulator film formed on the rear end portion of the upper surface of the dielectric plate, a second conductor film formed on a region of a lower surface of the dielectric plate other than a front end portion and a rear end portion of the lower surface, a third insulator film formed on the front end portion of the lower surface of the dielectric plate, a fourth insulator film formed on the rear end portion of the lower surface of the dielectric plate, one or more first electrode rods disposed in some of the plurality of through holes of the dielectric plate, the first electrode rods being electrically connected to the first conductor film and electrically insulated from the second conductor film, and one or more second electrode rods disposed in the through holes of the dielectric plate in which the first electrode rod is not disposed, the second electrode rods being electrically connected to the second conductor film and electrically insulated from the first conductor film.
A capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a unit stack composed of a plurality of the above-described capacitor forming units according to an embodiment of the present invention stacked one on top of another, an insulating cover film formed of an insulator material and formed on upper, lower, left and right surfaces of the unit stack, a front external terminal connected to a front surface of the unit stack, and a rear external terminal connected to a rear surface of the unit stack. The unit stack is constructed so that in each adjacent pair of the capacitor forming units in the plurality of capacitor forming units, the second conductor film of the upper capacitor forming unit and the first conductor film of the lower capacitor forming unit face each other and are electrically connected to each other. The front ends of the first insulator films and the front ends of the third insulator films in the plurality of capacitor forming units are exposed in the front surface of the unit stack, and the rear ends of the second insulator films and the rear ends of the fourth insulator films in the plurality of capacitor forming units are exposed in the rear surface of the unit stack. The insulating cover film is formed so as to cover portions of the plurality of capacitor forming units other than a front end portion of the second conductor film and the third insulator film of the lowermost unit disposed at the lowermost position in the unit stack and a rear end portion of the first conductor film and the second insulator film of the uppermost unit disposed at the uppermost position in the unit stack. The front external terminal is configured to cover the front end portion of the second conductor film and the third insulator film in the lower surface of the lowermost unit and to be electrically connected to the front end portion of the second conductor film. The rear external terminal is configured to cover the rear end portion of the first conductor film and the second insulator film in the upper surface of the uppermost unit and to be electrically connected to the rear end portion of the first conductor film.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, a stacked capacitor equal in size to the conventional stacked capacitor and having a high withstand voltage and a high capacitance and a capacitor forming unit for forming the capacitor can be provided. The above-described object and other objects, features, functions and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top view of a capacitor forming unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the unit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line S11-S11 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line S12-S12 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line S13-S13 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of making the capacitor forming unit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the example of the method of making the capacitor forming unit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the example of the method of making the capacitor forming unit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the example of the method of making the capacitor forming unit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing capacitor forming units according to other embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing capacitor forming units according to other embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an external perspective view of a capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line S21-S21 in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitor shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the capacitor shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the example of the method of manufacturing the capacitor shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the example of the method of manufacturing the capacitor shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the example of the method of manufacturing the capacitor shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a capacitor according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitor shown in FIG. 19;
FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a capacitor forming unit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a sectional view of a capacitor according to the another embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 23 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitor shown in FIG. 22.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A capacitor forming unit U10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. In this specification, the left, right, bottom, top, front and rear sides as viewed in FIG. 1 will be referred to as the front, rear, left, right, top and bottom, respectively, for ease of description. The sides shown in FIGS. 2 to 9 are also designated in accordance with this orientation.
The unit U10 according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 has a dielectric plate 11, first electrode rods 12, second electrode rods 13, a first conductor film 14, a second conductor film 15, a first insulator film 16, a second insulator film 17, a third insulator film 18 and a fourth insulator film 19. By using this unit U10, a capacitor of the 0603 size for example can be made. The capacitor size is not limited to the 0603 size. For example, a capacitor of a size such as the 0402 size smaller than the 0603 size can be made by reducing the front-rear size and/or the left-right size of the unit U10. A capacitor of a size such as the 3225 size or the 4532 size larger than the 0603 size can also be made by increasing the front-rear size or the left-right size of the unit U10.
The dielectric plate 11 is formed so as to have a rectangular contour as seen in a top view. The dielectric plate 11 is formed of an oxide (=dielectric) of a valve metal such as Al, Ta, Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf, Zn, W or Sb. The thickness of the dielectric plate 11 is 50 to 150 μm for example. The dielectric plate 11 is formed so as to have a front-rear size slightly smaller than 0.6 mm and a left-right size slightly smaller than 0.3 mm.
In a portion of the dielectric plate 11 other than a portion in the vicinity of the front surface and a portion in the vicinity of the rear surface, a plurality of through holes 11a having a circular cross section and extending in the thickness direction are formed in a predetermined array. The through holes 11a are arranged to be at the vertices of regular hexagons for example. In the example shown in FIG. 3, twenty-four columns of through holes 11a each consisting of five or four through holes 11a arranged along the left-right direction are provided. Each through hole 11a is formed so that its inside diameter is 15 to 45 nm. While the embodiment having a hundred and eight through holes 11a is illustrated, any number of through holes 11a may be provided in the dielectric plate 11.
The first electrode rods 12 fill part (fifty-four in the illustrated example) of the plurality of through holes 11a formed in the dielectric plate 11. Each first electrode rod 12 is formed of a conductor material selected from pure metals such as Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Ag, Au, Pd, Fe, Sn, Pb and Pt and alloys of some of these metals. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the upper end of each first electrode rod 12 is flush with the upper surface (one through hole exposure surface) of the dielectric plate 11, while the lower end of each first electrode rod 12 is positioned by being slightly recessed from the lower surface (the other through hole exposure surface) of the dielectric plate 11. That is, a vacant space having a top-bottom size of 5 to 15 μm is formed as an insulating gap 12a between the lower end of each first electrode rod 12 and the lower surface of the dielectric plate 11. This vacant space may be filled with an insulator material such as polyimide and this filler may be formed as insulating gap 12a. As shown in FIG. 3, the first electrode rods 12 are provided in the first, second, fifth, sixth, ninth, tenth, thirteenth, fourteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, twenty-first and twenty-second columns from the front in the twenty-four columns of through holes 11a. Accordingly, the first electrode rods 12 are disposed at positions corresponding to the vertices of solid wave lines shown in FIG. 3.
The second electrode rods 13 fill the interiors of the through holes 11a not filled with the first electrode rods 12 (fifty-four through holes 11a in the illustrated example) in the plurality of through holes 11a formed in the dielectric plate 11. Each second electrode rod 13 is formed of a conductor material selected from pure metals such as Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Ag, Au, Pd, Fe, Sn, Pb and Pt and alloys of some of these metals. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the lower end of each second electrode rod 13 is flush with the lower surface of the dielectric plate 11, while the upper end of each second electrode rod 13 is positioned by being slightly recessed from the upper surface of the dielectric plate 11. That is, a vacant space having a top-bottom size of 5 to 15 μm is formed as an insulating gap 13a between the upper end of each second electrode rod 13 and the upper surface of the dielectric plate 11. This vacant space may be filled with an insulator material such as polyimide and this filler may be formed as insulating gap 13a. As shown in FIG. 3, the second electrode rods 13 are provided in the third, fourth, seventh, eighth, eleventh, twelfth, fifteenth, sixteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-third and twenty-fourth columns from the front in the twenty-four columns of through holes 11a. Accordingly, the second electrode rods 13 are disposed at positions corresponding to the vertices of dashed wave lines shown in FIG. 3. Thus, the array of the first electrode rods 12 indicated by the solid wave lines in FIG. 3 and the array of the second electrode rods 13 indicated by the dashed wave lines are alternately located in the front-rear direction of the dielectric plate 11. While fifty-four first electrode rods 12 and fifty-four second electrode rods 13 are provided in the example shown in FIG. 3, it is not necessarily required that the number of first electrode rods 12 and the number of second electrode rods 13 be equal to each other.
The first conductor film 14 is formed so as to adhere to a rectangular region of the upper surface of the dielectric plate 11 other than a front end portion and a rear end portion of the upper surface. The first conductor film 14 is formed of a conductor material selected from pure metals such as Cu, Ni, Cr, Ag, Au, Pd, Fe, Sn, Pb, Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru, Al and Ti and alloys of some of these metals. The thickness (top-bottom size) of the first conductor film 14 is 0.5 to 1.5 μm. In an embodiment, the left-right size of the first conductor film 14 is the same as that of the dielectric plate 11, while the front-rear size of the first conductor film 14 is 70/100 to 90/100 of the front-rear size of the dielectric plate 11. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the lower surface of the first conductor film 14 is electrically connected to the upper end of each first electrode rod 12 but is electrically insulated from the upper end of each second electrode rod 13, with the insulating gap 13a formed therebetween. In an embodiment, the first conductor film 14 includes Ti film and Cu film covering the Ti film and may be formed so as to have any number of layers by using any material capable of adhering firmly to the dielectric plate 11 and making a good electrical connection to each first electrode rod 12.
The second conductor film 15 is formed so as to adhere to a rectangular region of the lower surface of the dielectric plate 11 other than a front end portion and a rear end portion of the lower surface. The second conductor film 15 is formed of a conductor material selected from pure metals such as Cu, Ni, Cr, Ag, Au, Pd, Fe, Sn, Pb, Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru, Al and Ti and alloys of some of these metals. The thickness (top-bottom size) of the second conductor film 15 is 0.5 to 1.5 μm. In an embodiment, the left-right size of the second conductor film 15 is the same as that of the dielectric plate 11, while the front-rear size of the second conductor film 15 is 70/100 to 90/100 of the front-rear size of the dielectric plate 11. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the upper surface of the second conductor film 15 is electrically connected to the lower end of each second electrode rod 13 but is electrically insulated from the lower end of each first electrode rod 12, with the insulating gap 12a formed therebetween. In an embodiment, the second conductor film 15 includes Ti film and Cu film covering the Ti film and may be formed so as to have any number of layers by using any material capable of adhering firmly to the dielectric plate 11 and making a good electrical connection to each second electrode rod 13.
The first insulator film 16 is formed so as to adhere to a rectangular region in a front end portion of the upper surface of the dielectric plate 11 where the first conductor film 14 is not formed. The rear surface of the first insulator film 16 adheres to the front surface of the first conductor film 14. In an embodiment, the first insulator film 16 is formed of an insulator material such as an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester or polyimide, and the thickness of the first insulator film 16 is the same as that of the first conductor film 14. The left-right size of the first insulator film 16 is the same as that of the dielectric plate 11. The front-rear size of the first insulator film 16 is equal to the result of subtracting the front-rear sizes of the first conductor film 14 and the second insulator film 17 from the front-rear size of the dielectric plate 11. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the front surface of the first insulator film 16 is flush with the front surface of the dielectric plate 11.
The second insulator film 17 is formed so as to adhere to a rectangular region in a rear end portion of the upper surface of the dielectric plate 11 where the first conductor film 14 is not formed. The front surface of the second insulator film 17 adheres to the rear surface of the first conductor film 14. In an embodiment, the second insulator film 17 is formed of an insulator material such as an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester or polyimide, and the thickness of the second insulator film 17 is the same as that of the first conductor film 14. The left-right size of the second insulator film 17 is the same as that of the dielectric plate 11. The front-rear size of the second insulator film 17 is equal to the result of subtracting the front-rear sizes of the first conductor film 14 and the first insulator film 16 from the front-rear size of the dielectric plate 11. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the rear surface of the second insulator film 17 is flush with the rear surface of the dielectric plate 11.
The third insulator film 18 is formed so as to adhere to a rectangular region in a front end portion of the lower surface of the dielectric plate 11 where the second conductor film 15 is not formed. The rear surface of the third insulator film 18 adheres to the front surface of the second conductor film 15. In an embodiment, the third insulator film 18 is formed of an insulator material such as an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester or polyimide, and the thickness (top-bottom size) of the third insulator film 18 is the same as that of the second conductor film 15. The left-right size of the third insulator film 18 is the same as that of the dielectric plate 11. The front-rear size of the third insulator film 18 is equal to the result of subtracting the front-rear sizes of the second conductor film 15 and the fourth insulator film 19 from the front-rear size of the dielectric plate 11. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the front surface of the third insulator film 18 is flush with the front surface of the dielectric plate 11.
The fourth insulator film 19 is formed so as to adhere to a rectangular region in a rear end portion of the lower surface of the dielectric plate 11 where the second conductor film 15 is not formed. The front surface of the fourth insulator film 19 adheres to the rear surface of the second conductor film 15. In an embodiment, the fourth insulator film 19 is formed of an insulator material such as an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester or polyimide, and the thickness (top-bottom size) of the fourth insulator film 19 is the same as that of the second conductor film 15. The left-right size of the fourth insulator film 19 is the same as that of the dielectric plate 11. The front-rear size of the fourth insulator film 19 is equal to the result of subtracting the front-rear sizes of the second conductor film 15 and the third insulator film 18 from the front-rear size of the dielectric plate 11. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the rear surface of the fourth insulator film 19 is flush with the rear surface of the dielectric plate 11.
As described above, the unit U10 is constructed so that the first electrode rods 12 filling the through holes 11a in the dielectric plate 11 are electrically connected to the first conductor film 14 and so that the second electrode rods 13 are electrically connected to the second conductor film 15. In this construction, the first electrode rods 12 and the second electrode rods 13 are disposed so as not to directly contact each other.
An example of a method of making the unit U10 will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, a plate base member BM for the dielectric plate 11 is first prepared. Pits provided as a basis for anodization are formed in the plate base member BM. Subsequently, two kinds of holes BMa and BMb differing in depth from each other are formed by two anodization process steps. The holes BMa are formed so as to extend through the plate base member BM. The holes BMb are formed so as not to extend through the plate base member BM.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7, a seed layer SL formed of Cu for example is formed on the upper surface of the plate base member BM by physical vapor deposition (PVD) processing. Next, the holes BMa are filled with a conductor material CM for the first electrode rods 12 by electroplating processing using the seed layer SL.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 8, the seed layer SL is removed from the plate base member BM, and a lower surface side portion (a portion below the dashed line in FIG. 7) of the plate base member BM is removed to open the lower ends of the holes BMb, thereby obtaining the dielectric plate 11. Next, the second conductor film 15 is formed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate 11 by PVD processing. Next, the holes BMb are filled with a conductor material CM for the second electrode rods 13 by electroplating processing using the second conductor film 15.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9, the first conductor film 14 is formed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 11 by PVD processing.
Subsequently, the first insulator film 16 is formed on the upper surface front end portion of the dielectric plate 11; the second insulator film 17, on the upper surface rear end portion; the third insulator film 18, on the lower surface front end portion; and the fourth insulator film 19, on the lower surface rear end portion. Each insulator film is formed by applying an insulating material to the corresponding region and by curing the applied insulating material. The unit U10 is obtained by the above-described process.
In another embodiment of the present invention, through holes 11a may also be formed in the front and rear end portions of the dielectric plate 11. The through holes 11a provided in the font and rear end portions may also be filled with the conductor material CM. The through holes 11a provided in the font and rear end portions may be masked before the step shown in FIG. 7 to avoid filling the through holes 11a provided in the font and rear end portions with the conductor material CM. The through holes 11a provided in the font and rear end portions may be filled not with the conductor material CM but with an insulator material.
FIGS. 10(A) to 10(C) show other examples of the array of first electrode rods 12 and second electrode rods 13. An array may be adopted in which, as shown in FIG. 10(A), first electrode rods 12 are disposed on a straight line in the left-right direction indicated by a solid line, and second electrode rods 13 are also disposed on a straight line in the left-right direction indicated by a dashed line. In this case, the linear array of first electrode rods 12 and the linear array of second electrode rods 13 are alternately located in the front-rear direction. Also, another array may be adopted in which, as shown in FIG. 10(B), first electrode rods 12 are disposed at positions corresponding to the vertices of a regular hexagon indicated by a solid line, while a second electrode rod 13 is disposed at a position corresponding to the center of the regular hexagon. Still another array may be adopted in which, as shown in FIG. 10(C), first electrode rods 12 are disposed on a straight line indicated by a solid line slanting at about 30 degrees from the left-right direction, and second electrode rods 13 are also disposed on a straight line indicated by a dashed line slanting at about 30 degrees from the left-right direction. In this case, the solid straight line on which the first electrode rods 12 are disposed and the dashed line on which the second electrode rods 13 are disposed are alternately located.
FIGS. 11(A) to 11(C) show other examples of the array of through holes 11a. In an embodiment, as illustrated, through holes 11a may be disposed in upright square lattice form. An array of through holes 11a in such upright square lattice form may be such that, for example, as shown in FIG. 11(A), first electrode rods 12 are disposed at positions corresponding to the vertices of a solid wave line, while second electrode rods 13 are disposed at positions corresponding to the vertices of a dashed wave line. The solid wave line on which the first electrode rods 12 are disposed and the dashed wave line on which the second electrode rods 13 are disposed are alternately located. Another array may be adopted in which, as shown in FIG. 11(B), first electrode rods 12 are disposed on a straight line in the left-right direction indicated by a solid line, and second electrode rods 13 are also disposed on a straight line in the left-right direction indicated by a dashed line. In this case, the solid straight line on which the first electrode rods 12 are disposed and the dashed straight line on which the second electrode rods 13 are disposed are alternately located. Still another array may be adopted in which, as shown in FIG. 11(C), first electrode rods 12 are disposed at positions corresponding to the vertices of a square indicated by a solid line, while a second electrode rod 13 is disposed at a position corresponding to the vertices of a square indicated by a dashed line. First electrode rods 12 and second electrode rods 13 may be disposed in conformity with any regular array other than those described above. First electrode rods 12 and second electrode rods 13 may be alternatively disposed irregularly.
A capacitor C20 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 18. In an embodiment of the present invention, the capacitor C20 has four units U10. In this specification, the left, right, front, rear, top and bottom sides as viewed in FIG. 13 will be referred to as the front, rear, left, right, top and bottom, respectively, for ease of description. The sides shown in FIGS. 12 and 15 to 18 are also designated in accordance with this orientation.
As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the capacitor C20 according to an embodiment of the present invention has a unit stack 21 in the form of a rectangular block, an insulating cover film 22 covering the unit stack 21 and a pair of external terminals 25 each formed of a base conductor film 23 and a surface conductor film 24. The capacitor C20 is configured to interchangeable with various conventional stacked capacitors. In an embodiment, the capacitor C20 is constructed in the 0603 size. The capacitor C20 in the 0603 size has a front-rear size of 0.6 mm and a left-right size of 0.3 mm.
The unit stack 21 is constructed by stacking, for example, four number of the above-described units U10 in the top-bottom direction so that these units are integrally combined. In the unit stack 21, the uppermost unit U10 is disposed so that the second conductor film 15 of the uppermost unit U10 faces the first conductor film 14 of the unit U10 in the second position from the top. Also, the third insulator film 18 of the uppermost unit U10 faces the first insulator film 16 of the unit U10 from the second position from the top, and the fourth insulator film 19 of the uppermost unit U10 faces the second insulator film 17 of the unit U10 from the second position from the top. The unit U10 in the second position from the top and the unit U10 in the third position from the top are disposed so as to have the same positional relationship as that between the uppermost unit U10 and the unit U10 in the second position from the top. The unit U10 in the third position from the top and the unit U10 in the fourth (lowermost) position from the top are also disposed so as to have the same positional relationship as that between the uppermost unit U10 and the unit U10 in the second position from the top. The number of units U10 constituting the unit stack 21 is not limited to four. The unit stack 21 may have any number of units U10 equal to or larger than two. For example, a capacitor C20-1 having three units U10 can be made by using three units U10 constituting the unit stack 21, as shown in FIG. 19.
The second conductor film 15 of each unit U10 is electrically connected to the first conductor film 14 of the adjacent unit U10. This electrical connection can be realized by a direct bonding method such as diffusion junction (thermocompression bonding), an indirect bonding method using an electroconductive bonding material such as solder or an electroconductive adhesive, and/or any bonding method other than these. In an embodiment, use of a direct bonding method enables reducing the size of the capacitor C20 in comparison with use of an indirect method.
The front extreme ends of the first insulator film 16 and the third insulator film 18 of each unit U10 are exposed in the front surface of the unit stack 21, while the rear extreme ends of the second insulator film 17 and the fourth insulator film 19 are exposed in the rear surface of the unit stack 21.
The insulating cover film 22 is formed so as to cover rectangular regions in the left, right and upper surfaces of the unit stack 21 except rear end portions of the surfaces and cover a rectangular region in the bottom surface of the unit stack 21 except a front end portion of the surface. The insulating cover film 22 is formed of an insulator material such as an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester or polyimide. The thickness of the insulating cover film 22 is 1.5 to 4.5 μm. As shown in FIG. 13, the upper surface of a rear end portion 14a (see FIG. 17) of the first conductor film 14 of the uppermost unit U10 and the upper surface of the second insulator film 17 are not covered with the insulating cover film 22. Also, the lower surface of a front end portion 15a (see FIG. 17) of the second conductor film 15 of the lowermost (fourth from the top) unit U10 and the lower surface of the third insulator film 18 are not covered with the insulating cover film 22.
As shown in FIG. 13, the base conductor film 23 constituting the external terminal 25 on the front side is formed so as to continuously cover the front surface of the unit stack 21, the front end portion 15a of the second conductor film 15 of the lowermost unit U10 and front end portions of the left, right and upper surfaces of the insulating cover film 22. The base conductor film 23 on the rear side constituting the external terminal 25 on the rear side is formed so as to continuously cover the rear surface of the unit stack 21, the rear end portion 14a of the first conductor film 14 of the uppermost unit U10 and rear end portions of the left, right and lower surfaces of the insulating cover film 22. Each base conductor film 23 in an embodiment is formed of an electroconductive plastic and its thickness is 5 to 15 μm. The electroconductive plastic has a plastic component constituted of an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester or polyimide for example. The electroconductive plastic has a metal component constituted of Ag particles, Pd particles, Cu particles, Ni particles or the like. Each base conductor film 23 may alternatively be formed of a conductor material such as Ti, Cu, Ni, Ag or Pd. In an embodiment, each base conductor film 23 is formed so as to have a two-layer structure formed of a Ti film and a Cu film covering the Ti film. Each base conductor film 23 may be formed so as to have any number of layers by using any material capable of making a good electrical connection to the first conductor film 14 or the second conductor film 15 and capable of achieving good adhesion to the unit stack 21 or the insulating cover film 22. As shown in FIG. 13, the base conductor film 23 on the front side is electrically connected to the lower surface front end portion 15a of the second conductor film 15 of the unit U10 in the fourth position from the top, while the base conductor film 23 on the rear side is electrically connected to the upper surface rear end portion 14a of the first conductor film 14 of the uppermost unit U10. Since each base conductor film 23 contains an amount of a metal component (e.g., 80 to 90 wt %) suitable for securing electroconductivity, it is capable of making a good electrical connection to the first conductor film 14 or the second conductor film 15. Since each base conductor film 23 contains an amount of a plastic component (e.g., 10 to 20 wt %) suitable for securing adhesion, it is capable of adhering to the unit stack 21 and the insulating cover film 22.
The surface conductor film 24 on the front side forming the external terminal 25 on the front side is formed so as to cover the base conductor film 23 on the front side. The surface conductor film 24 on the rear side forming the external terminal 25 on the rear side is formed so as to cover the base conductor film 23 on the rear side. In an embodiment, each surface conductor film 24 is formed of a conductor material such as Ni, Sn or Au and its thickness is 5 to 15 μm. As shown in FIG. 13, the inner surface of the surface conductor film 24 on the front side is electrically connected to the surface of the base conductor film 23 on the front side, while the inner surface of the surface conductor film 24 on the rear side is electrically connected to the surface of the base conductor film 23 on the rear side. Each surface conductor film 24 may have a two-layer structure formed of a Ni film and a Sn film covering the Ni film. Each surface conductor film 24 may be formed so as to have any number of layers by using any material capable of making a good electrical connection to the base conductor film 23 and capable of achieving good soldering to a pad on a circuit board.
FIG. 14 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitor C20 thus constructed. As illustrated, in the configuration shown by the equivalent circuit of the capacitor C20, four capacitors of a capacitance C-U10 each corresponding to the unit U10 are connected in series between the pair of external terminals 25. FIG. 20 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitor C20-1 shown in FIG. 19. As illustrated, in the configuration shown by the equivalent circuit of the capacitor C20-1, three capacitors of a capacitance C-U10 each corresponding to the unit U10 are connected in series between the pair of external terminals 25.
To manufacture the capacitor C20, the units U10 for forming the unit stack 21 are first prepared. The units U10 may be individually made. For reduction in manufacturing cost, a process may alternatively be performed in which a unit base member having units U10 continuously formed therein is produced and the individual units U10 are cut out from the unit base member. Next, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, adjoining units U10 in the unit stack 21 are disposed so that the upper surfaces of the first conductor film 14, the first insulator film 16 and the second insulator film 17 of the lower unit U10 and the lower surfaces of the second conductor film 15, the third insulator film 18 and the fourth insulator film 19 of the upper unit U10 respectively face each other. Next, the adjoining units U10 disposed in this way are joined together to obtain the unit stack 21.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 17, an insulator material 1Ma (not cured yet) is applied to the rectangular regions in the left, right and upper surfaces of the unit stack 21 except the rear end portions and to the rectangular region in the lower surface except the front end portion by using an applicator such as a roller applicator or a spray applicator, and the applied insulator material 1Ma is cured, thus making the insulating cover film 22.
Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 18, an electroconductive plastic material CMa (not cured yet) is applied to the front surface and the lower surface front end portion of the unit stack 21 and to the front end portions of the left, right and upper surfaces of the insulating cover film 22 by using an applicator such as a roller applicator or a dip applicator. Also, an electroconductive plastic material CMa (not cured yet) is applied to the rear surface and the upper surface rear end portion of the unit stack 21 and to the rear end portions of the left, right and lower surfaces of the insulating cover film 22. Each electroconductive plastic material CMa is thereafter cured, thus making each base conductor film 23.
Subsequently, the surface conductor film 24 is made on the surfaces of the base conductor films 23 by electroplating processing. In a case where the number of layers in the surface conductor film 24 is two or more, electroplating processings respectively made suitable for the layers are successively performed, thus obtaining the capacitor C20.
The left-right sizes of the first insulator film 16, the second insulator film 17, the third insulator film 18 and the fourth insulator film 19 of the unit U10 are equal to the left-right size of the dielectric plate 11. In the capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention, therefore, insulation between the first conductor films 14 and the external terminal 25 on the front side in each unit U10 and insulation between the second conductor films 15 and the external terminal 25 on the rear side in each unit U10 can be achieved with reliability.
A capacitor forming unit U10′ according to another embodiment of the present invention and a capacitor C20′ constructed by using the unit U10 and the second unit U10′ will be described with reference to FIGS. 21 to 23. In this specification, the left, right, front, rear, top and bottom sides as viewed in FIG. 21 will be referred to as the front, rear, left, right, top and bottom, respectively, for ease of description. The sides shown in FIG. 22 are also designated in accordance with this orientation.
As shown in FIG. 21, the unit U10′ according to another embodiment of the present invention has the same construction as that of the unit U10 except that the second insulator film 17 is removed and the rear extreme end of a first conductor film 14′ is extended to the rear extreme end of the dielectric plate 11.
As shown in FIG. 22, the capacitor C20′ according to an embodiment of the present invention has a unit stack 21, an insulating cover film 22 and a pair of external terminals 25 each formed of a base conductor film 23 and a surface conductor film 24, as does the capacitor C20. This unit stack 21 is constructed by stacking two units U10 and two units U10′. The units U10′ are disposed in the uppermost and lowermost positions. The rear extreme end of the first conductor film 14′ of the uppermost unit U10′ is electrically connected to the inner surface of the base conductor film 23 on the rear side. The lowermost unit U10′ is disposed by being inverted in the top-bottom direction and in the front-rear direction relative to the uppermost unit U10′. The front extreme end of the first conductor film 14′ of the lowermost unit U10′ is electrically connected to the inner surface of the base conductor film 23 on the front side.
FIG. 23 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitor C20′ thus constructed. As illustrated, in the configuration shown by the equivalent circuit of the capacitor C20′, two capacitors having a capacitance C-U10 each corresponding to the unit U10 and two capacitors having a capacitance C-U10′ each corresponding to the unit U10′, a total of four capacitors, are connected in series between the pair of external terminals 25.
The capacitor C20′ may have any number of units U10 and/or units U10′. For example, in a case where the capacitor C20′ is formed by one unit U10 and two units U10′, the capacitor C20′ having one unit U10 and two units U10′ can be obtained by removing the unit U10 in the second or third position from the top in the capacitor C20′ shown in FIG. 22. In a case where the capacitor C20′ is formed by three units U10 and two units U10′, the capacitor C20′ having three units U10 and two units U10′ can be obtained by adding one unit U10 in a position other than the uppermost and lowermost positions in the capacitor C20′ shown in FIG. 22.
The unit U10 constructed as described above is simple in structure and therefore can be easily made and can be produced at a low cost. Also, the unit stack 21 can be obtained by only stacking and joining the units U10, and the capacitor having the stacked units U10 connected in series between the pair of external terminals 25 can be easily manufactured by forming the insulating cover film 22 and the pair of external terminals 25 on the unit stack 21.
As is apparent from the equivalent circuit diagram, the capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention has a construction in which units U10 are connected in series. Therefore the withstand voltage of the capacitor can be increased in correspondence with the number of units U10. Also, the withstand voltage of the capacitor can be easily changed by changing the number of units U10 included in the capacitor.
In the capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention, because the left-right sizes of the first conductor film 14 and the second conductor film 15 of the unit U10 are equal to the left-right size of the dielectric plate, the area of contact between the first conductor film 14 of the uppermost unit U10 and the external terminal 25 on the rear side and the area of contact between the second conductor film 15 of the lowermost unit U10 and the external terminal 25 on the front side can be set sufficiently large to secure good electrical connections between the units U10 and the external terminals 25.

## Claims

1. A capacitor forming unit comprising:
a dielectric plate having a plurality of through holes formed in the thickness direction;
a first conductor film formed on a region of an upper surface of the dielectric plate other than a front end portion and a rear end portion of the upper surface;
a first insulator film formed on the front end portion of the upper surface of the dielectric plate;
a second insulator film formed on the rear end portion of the upper surface of the dielectric plate;
a second conductor film formed on a region of a lower surface of the dielectric plate other than a front end portion and a rear end portion of the lower surface;
a third insulator film formed on the front end portion of the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
a fourth insulator film formed on the rear end portion of the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
one or more first electrode rods disposed in some of the plurality of through holes of the dielectric plate, the first electrode rods being electrically connected to the first conductor film and electrically insulated from the second conductor film; and
one or more second electrode rods disposed in the through holes of the dielectric plate in which the first electrode rod is not disposed, the second electrode rods being electrically connected to the second conductor film and electrically insulated from the first conductor film.

2. A capacitor comprising:
a unit stack composed of a plurality of the capacitor forming units according to claim 1 stacked one on top of another;
an insulating cover film formed of an insulator material and formed on upper, lower, left and right surfaces of the unit stack;
a front external terminal connected to a front surface of the unit stack; and
a rear external terminal connected to a rear surface of the unit stack,
wherein the unit stack is constructed so that in each adjacent pair of the capacitor forming units in the plurality of capacitor forming units, the second conductor film of the upper capacitor forming unit and the first conductor film of the lower capacitor forming unit face each other and are electrically connected to each other;
wherein the front ends of the first insulator films and the front ends of the third insulator films in the plurality of capacitor forming units are exposed in the front surface of the unit stack, and the rear ends of the second insulator films and the rear ends of the fourth insulator films in the plurality of capacitor forming units are exposed in the rear surface of the unit stack;
wherein the insulating cover film is formed so as to cover portions of the plurality of capacitor forming units other than a front end portion of the second conductor film and the third insulator film of the lowermost unit disposed at the lowermost position in the unit stack and a rear end portion of the first conductor film and the second insulator film of the uppermost unit disposed at the uppermost position in the unit stack;
wherein the front external terminal is configured to cover the front end portion of the second conductor film and the third insulator film in the lower surface of the lowermost unit and to be electrically connected to the front end portion of the second conductor film; and
wherein the rear external terminal is configured to cover the rear end portion of the first conductor film and the second insulator film in the upper surface of the uppermost unit and to be electrically connected to the rear end portion of the first conductor film.