Fourth Court of Appeals

San Antonio, Texas

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-12-00420-CV

Carole KOTZ,

Appellant

v.

Stelian MURARIU and Petru Murariu, Individually and on Behalf of Cape Horn Holdings LLC, 

and Roger G. Bresnahan, in his Capacity as Receiver for Cape Horn Holdings LLC,

Appellees

From the 37th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2007-CI-15085

Honorable David A. Berchelmann, Jr., Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Sitting: Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice

Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: November 27, 2013

AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART

Carole Kotz, Stelian Murariu, and Petru Murariu were owners of Cape Horn Holdings, 

LLC. The Murarius sued Kotz, alleging breach of contract and requesting the appointment of a 

receiver to sell Cape Horn’s sole asset, an apartment complex in San Antonio, Texas. The trial 

court appointed a receiver, and after the apartment complex was sold, it held a hearing on the 

receiver’s application to distribute receivership funds. Kotz appeals the portion of the trial court’s 

order awarding additional fees in the amount of $9,651.11. We affirm in part, and reverse and 

remand in part.
04-12-00420-CV

DISCUSSION

We review a trial court’s award of receiver’s fees for an abuse of discretion, considering 

all the material facts and circumstances. Moyer v. Moyer, 183 S.W.3d 48, 51 (Tex. App.—Austin 

2005, no pet.); United States v. Admiral Refining Co., 146 S.W.2d 830, 831 (Tex. App.—

Texarkana 1940, no writ). A receiver’s fees should be sufficient to induce competent persons to 

serve as a receiver, attorney, or accountant. Bergeron v. Sessions, 561 S.W.2d 551, 555 (Tex. Civ. 

App.—Dallas 1977, writ ref’d n.r.e.). But “receiverships should also be administered as

economically as possible, and fees for services performed by these court officers should be 

moderate rather than generous.” Id.

A receiver’s fee should be measured by the value of the services rendered, and there must 

be evidence to establish the reasonableness of the fee. Moyer, 183 S.W.3d at 57–58. To determine 

the value of a receiver’s services, courts consider: (1) the nature, extent and value of the 

administered estate; (2) the complexity and difficulty of the work; (3) the time spent; (4) the 

knowledge, experience, labor and skill required of, or devoted by the receiver; (5) the diligence 

and thoroughness displayed; and (6) the results accomplished. Bergeron, 561 S.W.2d at 554–55.

When a receiver also acts as an attorney for the receivership, the receiver’s compensation 

for his services as attorney to the receivership should be set separately from that of the 

compensation for his services as a receiver, and his compensation as an attorney should be 

reasonable as governed by the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct. Id. at 555; 

Hodges v. Peden, 634 S.W.2d 8, 11 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1982, no writ). Under the 

Rules, the relevant factors include: (1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of 

the questions involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly; (2) the 

likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude 

other employment by the attorney; (3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal 

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04-12-00420-CV

services; (4) the amount involved and the results obtained; (5) the time limitations imposed by the 

client or by the circumstances; (6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the 

client; (7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the attorney or attorneys performing the 

services; and (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent on results obtained or uncertainty of 

collection before the legal services have been rendered. TEX. DISCIPLINARY RULES PROF’L 

CONDUCT R. 1.04(b), reprinted in TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN., tit. 2, subtit. G, app. A (West 2013) 

(TEX. STATE BAR R. art. X, § 9).

The trial court appointed Roger Bresnahan as receiver for Cape Horn’s property in August 

2009, and the court’s initial order authorized him to collect fees at the rate of $250.00 per hour, 

plus reasonable and necessary expenses. Bresnahan is an attorney and acted both as the receiver 

and as an attorney to the receivership. He closed a sale of the apartment complex in February 2012, 

which resulted in net proceeds of $233,619.08. Bresnahan then filed an application to distribute 

the funds. The application included a request for payment of his fees and stated that Bresnahan 

had already received $4,500.00 in fees. Bresnahan also stated his hourly rate increased from 

$250.00 to $275.00 per hour in 2010, and he asked the court to approve that increase, which it did. 

At that rate, his remaining unpaid fees totaled $25,348.89 at the time of the sale of Cape Horn’s 

property. He asked the court to approve a total payment of $35,000 because he had “invested 

substantial time and energy in the past [two-and-one-half] years in bringing about the sale,” and 

he also asked for direction on how to appropriately distribute the remaining proceeds.

The trial court considered the application at a hearing, during which Bresnahan testified 

about his fees.1 Prior to the court’s final ruling, Kotz expressly waived any objection to 

1 Kotz suggests, without explanation, that Bresnahan did not actually “testify,” but only “argued” about the basis for 

his fees. The hearing was held to determine the receivership’s fees and costs, matters about which Bresnahan had 

personal knowledge. See TEX. R. EVID. 602. Bresnahan was not under oath at the hearing, and generally an attorney’s 

statements must be under oath to constitute evidence. Banda v. Garcia, 955 S.W.2d 270, 272 (Tex. 1997); Russ v. 

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04-12-00420-CV

Bresnahan’s rate increase and the award of $25,348.89 in fees. However, Bresnahan asked for a 

total award of $35,000—almost $10,000 beyond the amount of his unpaid fees as of the date of 

the closing. The alleged basis for the additional compensation is not clear from the record. At one 

point during the hearing, Bresnahan stated he had worked an additional twelve hours after the 

closing. But he also appears to have requested the extra fees because the sale of Cape Horn’s 

apartment complex was a more difficult and time-consuming task than his hours reflected. He 

explained he had been forced to negotiate multiple sales of the property, made arrangements with 

Cape Horn’s creditors to avoid foreclosure, and made appearances or filed answers to avoid default 

judgments in cases against Cape Horn. The record is wanting as to the scope, timing, and details 

of either the additional work he performed after the closing or what made his duties more difficult 

and time-consuming. Bresnahan did not submit any records of the hours or tasks he performed as 

the receiver or in his capacity as an attorney to the receivership. The trial court ultimately approved 

the rate increase and awarded Bresnahan the requested $35,000, over Kotz’s objection to 

compensation over $25,348.89.

Kotz appeals and advances two arguments. First, she contends the trial court abused its 

discretion in awarding the additional amount of $9,651.11 because the receiver failed to distinguish 

between the services for which he was already compensated in the amount of $25,348.89. Second, 

she argues the trial court was not in a position to determine the reasonableness of the additional 

compensation because the receiver completely failed to differentiate between the work completed 

as an attorney and work completed as a receiver.

Titus Hosp. Dist., 128 S.W.3d 332, 338 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004, pet. denied); see TEX. R. EVID. 603. However, 

the purpose of the hearing was to determine the distribution of the receivership’s funds and Bresnahan’s fees, and 

other attorneys at the hearing were sworn in and testified. Kotz’s lack of objection to Bresnahan’s lack of an oath 

waived any error because she should have known an objection was required under the circumstances. See Banda, 955 

S.W.2d at 272; Russ, 128 S.W.3d at 338.

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04-12-00420-CV

The trial court has the discretion to make extra allowances to a receiver beyond the 

compensation set in its interlocutory order appointing the receiver. St. Louis Union Trust Co. v. 

Tex. S. Ry. Co., 126 S.W. 296, 305 (Tex. Civ. App.—Texarkana 1910, writ ref’d). Thus, the trial 

court had the discretion to approve Bresnahan’s fees and to provide additional compensation, if it 

determined the value of Bresnahan’s services justified a further increase. See id.

However, Bresnahan was obligated to separately set out the value of his services as the 

receiver and as an attorney to the receivership because he was not entitled to compensation at a 

rate for work that did not require legal skills. Bergeron, 561 S.W.2d at 554; see Hodges, 634 

S.W.2d at 11 (“[T]he record should affirmatively reflect the trial court’s determination of the 

capacity in which the receiver performed services.”). That was not done in this case. 

There was some evidence that Bresnahan had provided additional services after the closing 

of the sale of Cape Horn’s property. And there was some evidence that he had performed services 

as the receiver and legal services as an attorney to the receivership that, due to their complexity, 

were not adequately compensated. However, there was no evidence in the record segregating the 

legal and non-legal aspects of Bresnahan’s services. Without such evidence, Bresnahan could not 

meet his burden to demonstrate that almost $10,000 in additional fees reflected the reasonable 

value of his services as the receiver or the reasonable value of his services as an attorney to the 

receivership.2 See Hodges, 634 S.W.2d at 11; Bergeron, 561 S.W.2d at 555. If Bresnahan intends 

to rely on the lodestar method of calculating his fees as an attorney to the receivership, he should 

provide “certain basic proof, including itemizing specific tasks, the time required for those tasks, 

and the rate charged by the person performing the work.” City of Laredo v. Montano, No. 12-0274, 

2 Because there was no evidence of the segregation of fees, we are unable to consider the merits of whether the 

additional compensation was actually unreasonable and thus an abuse of discretion. Nothing in this opinion should be 

construed as a comment on that question. See Bergeron, 561 S.W.2d at 555.

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04-12-00420-CV

2013 WL 5763179, at *4 (Tex. Oct. 25, 2013) (per curiam) (citing El Apple I, Ltd. v. Olivas, 370 

S.W.3d 757, 765 (2012)).

We hold that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding $9,651.11 in additional fees 

to Bresnahan above the unobjected-to fee award of $25,348.89, and we reverse that part of the 

award. The record contains some evidence about Bresnahan’s additional work after the closing 

and the difficulty of his duties as the receiver and as an attorney to the receivership, which are 

proper basis for awarding a receiver’s compensation when the legal and non-legal aspects are 

separately accounted for. Accordingly, we affirm the award of $25,348.89 and remand the case to 

the trial court in the interest of justice for a new hearing on Bresnahan’s application for additional 

compensation. See Stanfield v. Stanfield, No. 09-99-453-CV, 2000 WL 1475853, at *5 (Tex. 

App.—Beaumont October 5, 2000, no pet.); Hodges, 634 S.W.2d at 12; Bergeron, 561 S.W.2d at 

555.

Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

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