I 

116TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 7001 

To protect and promote the freedom of the press globally. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MAY 22, 2020 

Mr. SMITH of New Jersey (for himself and Mr. SUOZZI) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and 

in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 

provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To protect and promote the freedom of the press globally. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘World Press Freedom 

5 Protection and Reciprocity Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

7 In this Act: 

8 (1) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per9 son’’ means an individual who is not— 

10 (A) a United States citizen; or 


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1 (B) an alien lawfully admitted for perma2 nent residence to the United States. 

3 (2) INTERNATIONALLY-RECOGNIZED RIGHT TO

4 THE FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.—The term ‘‘inter5 nationally-recognized right to the freedom of expres6 sion’’ means those rights described in Article 19 of 

7 the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights 

8 and Article 19 of the International Covenant on 

9 Civil and Political Rights. 

10 (3) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’ 

11 means, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or 

12 a result, that a person has actual knowledge, or 

13 should have known, of the conduct, the cir14 cumstance, or the result. 

15 (4) MAJOR NON-NATO ALLY.—The term ‘‘major 

16 non-NATO ally’’ means a country designated as a 

17 major non-NATO ally under section 517 of the For18 eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321k). 

19 SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

20 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 

21 (1) Freedom of the press is a critical compo22 nent of democratic governance and enhances trans23 parency, accountability, and participation of civil so24 ciety. 


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1 (2) United States Government efforts to protect 

2 and expand freedom of the press and free expres3 sion, including online, is in the national interests of 

4 the United States by supporting democracy, pro5 moting good governance and public health, miti6 gating conflict, and encouraging transparency and 

7 civil society development around the world. 

8 (3) Globally, journalists and media personnel 

9 that receive and impart information and ideas, on10 line and offline, face increasing restrictions, threats, 

11 censorship, arbitrary detention, torture, enforced 

12 disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and other vio13 lence for exercising their right to freedom of expres14 sion in accordance with Article 19 of both the Uni15 versal Declaration of Human Rights and the Inter16 national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 

17 (4) Impunity for attacks on journalists and 

18 media personnel is an acute problem globally and a 

19 primary challenge to protecting freedom of expres20 sion and freedom of the press. 

21 (5) According to the press freedom rankings 

22 issued annually by Freedom House and Reporters 

23 Without Borders, countries with the most restrictive 

24 media and information environments include Burma, 

25 Cuba, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, the Philippines, 


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1 Saudi Arabia, Dijbouti, Syria, Laos, Turkmenistan, 

2 and Vietnam. 

3 (6) The Government of Turkey, since a failed 

4 coup attempt in 2016, has used terrorism and na5 tional security laws to shutter hundreds of media 

6 outlets and jail dozens of journalists, compounding 

7 the effects of more than a decade of expanding rul8 ing party influence over the ownership of main9 stream media in the country at the expense of inde10 pendent outlets. 

11 (7) The Government of China maintains one of 

12 the most restrictive media and information environ13 ments in the world and seeks to control free speech 

14 inside and outside the country through censorship, 

15 onerous media organization registration require16 ments, harassment, imprisonment, conditioning of 

17 press credential renewals for foreign journalists and 

18 media personnel and visa issuance for foreign jour19 nalists and media personnel on ‘‘positive’’ coverage 

20 of China, and the operation of a digital surveillance 

21 system so pervasive that both routine and sensitive 

22 reporting activities and many aspects of daily life 

23 are subject to government monitoring. 

24 (8) Russia has continued to use sophisticated 

25 tools to block and control information online and 


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1 employ draconian laws to pressure independent 

2 media. 

3 (9) Expansion and export of new technologies 

4 used for censorship and digital surveillance rep5 resents a notable threat to human rights, including 

6 press freedoms, transparency, and democratic gov7 ernance globally, and constitute a critical challenge 

8 to United States national interests. 

9 (10) Other countries’ restrictions on the activi10 ties of United States journalists and media per11 sonnel, other countries’ censorship and blocking of 

12 websites of United States news and media organiza13 tions, and other restrictions on the cross-border flow 

14 of information— 

15 (A) damages the competitiveness of such 

16 organizations and limits access to information 

17 critical for United States investors, consumers, 

18 and others making market and financial deci19 sions; and 

20 (B) should be considered a restriction of 

21 trade and creating an unfair competitive advan22 tage benefitting State-owned or controlled news 

23 and media organizations. 

24 (b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 

25 United States— 


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1 (1) to advocate for detained and targeted jour2 nalists and media personnel in foreign countries, in3 cluding citizen journalists and bloggers; 

4 (2) to call on foreign governments, in both bi5 lateral discussions and through multilateral organi6 zations, to end restrictions on the internationally7 recognized right to freedom of expression and to 

8 abide by international commitments stipulated in 

9 Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human 

10 Rights and Article 19 of the International Covenant 

11 on Civil and Political Rights; 

12 (3) to urge foreign governments to trans13 parently investigate and bring to justice the per14 petrators of attacks against journalists and media 

15 personnel; 

16 (4) to halt efforts to censor or block access to 

17 news from United States journalists and media per18 sonnel and the websites of United States news and 

19 media organizations; 

20 (5) to highlight threats to freedom of the press 

21 in the Department of State’s Annual Country Re22 ports on Human Rights Practices, as required under 

23 section 116(d)(12) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 

24 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(d)(12)), and other public 

25 statements by senior Department of State officials; 


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1 (6) to seek as part of bilateral diplomatic nego2 tiations globally conditions for a free flow of news 

3 and information, internet freedom, and an end to 

4 visas restrictions for United States journalists and 

5 media personnel; 

6 (7) to link expansion of the free flow of news 

7 and information with ongoing and future trade 

8 agreements, and other bilateral agreements and 

9 communiques, by seeking language eliminating any 

10 and all limitations on market access for news agency 

11 services and the elimination of any restrictions on 

12 cross-border data flows involving journalists and 

13 media personnel, including via the internet; 

14 (8) to ensure that pursuing bilateral relation15 ships with foreign governments, particularly those 

16 with restrictive press and information environments, 

17 is based on the principles of reciprocity across many 

18 sectors of the bilateral relationship, including eco19 nomic, diplomatic, educational, religious, and in the 

20 free flow of news and information; and 

21 (9) to clearly differentiate, in official state22 ments, media communications, and messaging, be23 tween the citizens of a country and the government 

24 of the country, for example, the people and culture 

25 of China on the one hand and the Government of 


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1 the People’s Republic of China and the Communist 

2 Party of China on the other. 

3 SEC. 4. PROTECTION OF FOREIGN JOURNALISTS AND 

4 MEDIA PERSONNEL GLOBALLY. 

5 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 

6 United States to consider foreign government officials re7 sponsible for, complicit in, or having directly or indirectly 

8 engaged in serious restrictions of the internationally-rec9 ognized right to the freedom of expression, among these 

10 arbitrary detention, imprisonment, enforced disappear11 ance, torture, fines, extrajudicial killing, and other sub12 stantial threats to the life and liberty of a person, as hav13 ing committed— 

14 (1) gross violations of internationally recognized 

15 human rights for purposes of imposing sanctions 

16 with respect to such officials under the Global 

17 Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (22 

18 U.S.C. 2656 note); and 

19 (2) gross violations of human rights for pur20 poses of imposing sanctions with respect to such of21 ficials under section 7031(c) of division F of the 

22 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (Public Law 

23 116–6; 133 Stat. 319; 8 U.S.C. 1182 note). 

24 (b) ASSISTANCE AUTHORIZED.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, act2 ing through the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, 

3 Human Rights and Labor, to the extent and in such 

4 amounts as are provided in advance in appropria5 tions Acts, shall— 

6 (A) provide assistance to foreign journal7 ists and media personnel who are victims of se8 vere restrictions on the internationally-recog9 nized right to the freedom of expression and to 

10 their families, including assistance to pay for 

11 legal and other related expenses; and 

12 (B) support training for foreign journalists 

13 and media personnel globally, including training 

14 to expand the internationally-recognized right 

15 to the freedom of expression and defend the 

16 civil and political freedoms found in the Inter17 national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 

18 (2) REFERENCE.—Amounts authorized to be 

19 appropriated or otherwise made available to carry 

20 out this subsection may be referred to as the ‘‘Glob21 al Press Freedom Defense Fund’’. 

22 SEC. 5. PLAN TO NEGOTIATE RECIPROCAL ACCESS FOR 

23 UNITED STATES NEWS AND MEDIA ORGANI24 ZATIONS GLOBALLY. 

25 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) United States news and media organizations 

2 and information portals are blocked or censored by 

3 certain foreign governments while the United States 

4 market remains open to websites of foreign news 

5 and media organizations and information portals, in6 cluding State-owned propaganda organizations. 

7 (2) The stark lack of reciprocity in market ac8 cess for United States news and media organizations 

9 and country access for United States journalists and 

10 media personnel limits constructive contacts between 

11 the United States and the world and allows some 

12 foreign governments unbalanced influence over their 

13 people’s views of the United States and perceptions 

14 in the United States of their policies and programs. 

15 (3) Foreign governments with a sizable media 

16 and information footprint in the United States have 

17 a distinct interest in maintaining that footprint. 

18 (4) Greater quotients of reciprocity in the flow 

19 of news and information will be mutually advan20 tageous in United States relations with countries 

21 such as China, Cuba, Eritrea, Iran, Russia, Viet22 nam, and Turkmenistan by fostering interactions 

23 that will create greater understanding, trust, and 

24 transparency. 

25 (b) PLANS.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall establish 

2 a plan to negotiate access for United States news 

3 and media organizations and their employees glob4 ally and work to enhance reciprocity for news and 

5 media organizations operating in the United States. 

6 (2) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after 

7 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

8 of State shall submit to the appropriate congres9 sional committees a report that summarizes the plan 

10 required under paragraph (1). 

11 (3) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 

12 Congress that, in the interest of increasing access 

13 for United States news and media organizations and 

14 their employees globally and otherwise expanding 

15 press freedoms globally, the President should 

16 proactively pursue bilateral agreements with govern17 ments of foreign countries to enhance reciprocity for 

18 news and media organizations operating in the 

19 United States. 

20 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE21 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres22 sional committees’’ means— 

23 (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the 

24 Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on 

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1 rity, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

2 House of Representatives; and 

3 (2) the Committee on Armed Services, the 

4 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af5 fairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Com6 mittee on Homeland Security and Governmental Af7 fairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

8 Senate. 

9 SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS. 

10 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the 

11 sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any 

12 foreign person the President determines, based on credible 

13 evidence— 

14 (1) is responsible for the jailing, killing, or tor15 ture of journalists or media personnel or significant 

16 efforts to harass or restrict the activities, terminate 

17 the visas, or threaten the safety of journalists or 

18 media personnel, including United States journalists 

19 or media personnel; 

20 (2) acted as an agent, or on behalf, of a foreign 

21 person in a matter relating to an activity described 

22 in paragraph (1); or 

23 (3) is a government official, or a senior asso24 ciate of such an official, that is responsible for or 


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1 complicit in, ordering, controlling, or otherwise di2 recting an activity described in paragraph (1). 

3 (b) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions to be 

4 imposed with respect to a foreign person under subsection 

5 (a) are the following: 

6 (1) The foreign person is— 

7 (A) inadmissible to the United States; 

8 (B) ineligible to receive a visa or other doc9 umentation to enter the United States; and 

10 (C) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or 

11 paroled into the United States or to receive any 

12 other benefit under the Immigration and Na13 tionality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). 

14 (2) The foreign person is subject to the fol15 lowing: 

16 (A) Revocation of any visa or other entry 

17 documentation regardless of when the visa or 

18 other entry documentation is or was issued. 

19 (B) A revocation under subparagraph (A) 

20 shall— 

21 (i) take effect immediately; and 

22 (ii) automatically cancel any other 

23 valid visa or entry documentation that is in 

24 the foreign person’s possession. 


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1 (c) EXCEPTIONS.—Sanctions under subsection (b) 

2 shall not apply to a foreign person if admitting or paroling 

3 the person into the United States— 

4 (1) is necessary to permit the United States to 

5 comply with the Agreement regarding the Head6 quarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Suc7 cess June 26, 1947, and entered into force Novem8 ber 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the 

9 United States, or any other applicable international 

10 obligation of the United States; or 

11 (2) is necessary to carry out or assist law en12 forcement activity in the United States. 

13 (d) WAIVER.—The President may waive the applica14 tion of sanctions imposed with respect to a foreign person 

15 under subsection (b) if the President— 

16 (1) determines that such a waiver is in the na17 tional interest of the United States; and 

18 (2) not later than the date on which such waiv19 er will take effect, submits a notice of and justifica20 tion for such waiver to the appropriate congressional 

21 committees. 

22 (e) TERMINATION OF SANCTIONS.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President may termi24 nate the application of sanctions under subsection 


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1 (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President 

2 makes a determination that— 

3 (A) credible information exists that the 

4 person did not engage in the activity for which 

5 visa ineligibility was imposed; 

6 (B) the person has been prosecuted appro7 priately for the activity for which visa ineligi8 bility was imposed; 

9 (C) the person has— 

10 (i) credibly demonstrated a significant 

11 change in behavior; 

12 (ii) been subject to an appropriate 

13 consequence for the activity for which visa 

14 ineligibility was imposed; and 

15 (iii) credibly committed to not engage 

16 in an activity described in that subsection 

17 in the future; or 

18 (D) the termination of the application of 

19 sanctions is in the national security interests of 

20 the United States. 

21 (2) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 15 days be22 fore the date on which the application of sanctions 

23 is terminated under paragraph (1) with respect to a 

24 foreign person, the Secretary of State shall submit 

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1 mittee on the Judiciary of the House of Representa2 tives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and 

3 the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a re4 port that— 

5 (A) describes the evidence and justification 

6 for the necessity of the termination; and 

7 (B) explains how the termination of the 

8 application of sanctions is in the national secu9 rity interests of the United States. 

10 (f) REPORT.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 

12 after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an13 nually thereafter for 5 years, the President shall 

14 submit to the congressional committees specified in 

15 subsection (e)(2) a report that identifies the exact 

16 number of foreign persons with respect to which 

17 sanctions have been imposed under subsection (b) 

18 during the preceding year and the exact number of 

19 foreign persons with respect to which sanctions that 

20 have been terminated under subsection (c) during 

21 the preceding year, including their country of origin 

22 and the dates on which such sanctions were imposed 

23 or terminated, as the case may be. 


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1 (2) FORM.—The report required under para2 graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 

3 but may include a classified annex. 

4 (3) EXCLUSION OF PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE

5 INFORMATION.—The President may not include any 

6 personally identifiable information of any United 

7 States citizen in any of the reports submitted under 

8 paragraph (1). 

9 (4) PRIVACY ACT.—Any information obtained 

10 by the President to complete the report required 

11 under paragraph (1) shall be subject to section 552a 

12 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as 

13 the ‘‘Privacy Act’’). 

14 SEC. 7. CLEAR LABELING FOR INFORMATIONAL MATE15 RIALS DISTRIBUTED ON BEHALF OF FOREIGN 

16 PRINCIPALS. 

17 Section 4(b) of the Foreign Agents Registration Act 

18 of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 614(b)) is amended by adding at the 

19 end the following new sentence: ‘‘Informational materials 

20 which are required to be labeled under this subsection 

21 shall be labeled, marked, or stamped conspicuously at the 

22 top of the first page of such materials with a statement 

23 in the language or languages used therein, setting forth 

24 such information as is required under this subsection.’’. 


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1 SEC. 8. ANNUAL COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS 

2 PRACTICES. 

3 (a) REPORT RELATING TO ECONOMIC ASSIST4 ANCE.—Section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 

5 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n) is amended by adding at the end 

6 the following new subsection: 

7 ‘‘(h)(1) The report required by subsection (d) shall 

8 include an assessment of freedom of expression with re9 spect to electronic information in each foreign country. 

10 Such assessment shall consist of the following: 

11 ‘‘(A) An assessment of the extent to which gov12 ernment authorities in each country attempt to fil13 ter, censor, or otherwise block or remove nonviolent 

14 expression of political or religious opinion or belief 

15 via the internet, including electronic mail, as well as 

16 a description of the means by which such authorities 

17 attempt to block or remove such expression. 

18 ‘‘(B) An assessment of the extent to which gov19 ernment authorities in each country have persecuted 

20 or otherwise punished an individual or group for the 

21 nonviolent expression of political, religious, or ideo22 logical opinion or belief via the internet, including 

23 electronic mail. 

24 ‘‘(C) An assessment of the extent to which gov25 ernment authorities in each country have sought to 

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1 fiable information of a person in connection with 

2 such person’s nonviolent expression of political, reli3 gious, or ideological opinion or belief, including ex4 pression that would be protected by the Universal 

5 Declaration of Human Rights and the International 

6 Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 

7 ‘‘(D) An assessment of the extent to which wire 

8 communications and electronic communications are 

9 monitored without regard to the principles of pri10 vacy, human rights, democracy, and rule of law, to 

11 the extent these practices are known. 

12 ‘‘(2) In compiling data and making assessments for 

13 the purposes of paragraph (1), United States diplomatic 

14 personnel shall consult with human rights organizations, 

15 technology and internet companies, and other appropriate 

16 nongovernmental organizations. 

17 ‘‘(3) In this subsection— 

18 ‘‘(A) the term ‘electronic communication’ has 

19 the meaning given such term in section 2510 of title 

20 18, United States Code; 

21 ‘‘(B) the term ‘internet’ has the meaning given 

22 such term in section 231(e)(3) of the Communica23 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 231(e)(3)); 


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1 ‘‘(C) the term ‘personally identifiable informa2 tion’ means data in a form that identifies a par3 ticular person; and 

4 ‘‘(D) the term ‘wire communication’ has the 

5 meaning given such term in section 2510 of title 18, 

6 United States Code.’’. 

7 (b) REPORT RELATING TO SECURITY ASSISTANCE.— 

8 Section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

9 U.S.C. 2304) is amended— 

10 (1) by redesignating the second subsection (i) 

11 (relating to child marriage status) as subsection (j); 

12 and 

13 (2) by adding at the end the following new sub14 section: 

15 ‘‘(k)(1) The report required by subsection (b) shall 

16 include an assessment of freedom of expression with re17 spect to electronic information in each foreign country. 

18 Such assessment shall consist of the following: 

19 ‘‘(A) An assessment of the extent to which gov20 ernment authorities in each country attempt to fil21 ter, censor, or otherwise block or remove nonviolent 

22 expression of political or religious opinion or belief 

23 via the internet, including electronic mail, as well as 

24 a description of the means by which such authorities 

25 attempt to block or remove such expression. 


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1 ‘‘(B) An assessment of the extent to which gov2 ernment authorities in each country have persecuted 

3 or otherwise punished an individual or group for the 

4 nonviolent expression of political, religious, or ideo5 logical opinion or belief via the internet, including 

6 electronic mail. 

7 ‘‘(C) An assessment of the extent to which gov8 ernment authorities in each country have sought to 

9 collect, request, obtain, or disclose personally identi10 fiable information of a person in connection with 

11 such person’s nonviolent expression of political, reli12 gious, or ideological opinion or belief, including ex13 pression that would be protected by the Universal 

14 Declaration of Human Rights and the International 

15 Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 

16 ‘‘(D) An assessment of the extent to which wire 

17 communications and electronic communications are 

18 monitored without regard to the principles of pri19 vacy, human rights, democracy, and rule of law, to 

20 the extent these practices are known. 

21 ‘‘(2) In compiling data and making assessments for 

22 the purposes of paragraph (1), United States diplomatic 

23 personnel shall consult with human rights organizations, 

24 technology and internet companies, and other appropriate 

25 nongovernmental organizations. 


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1 ‘‘(3) In this subsection, the terms ‘electronic commu2 nication’, ‘internet’, ‘personally identifiable information’, 

3 and ‘wire communication’ have the meanings given such 

4 terms in section 116(h)(3).’’. 

Æ 


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