NEW YORK STATE ELECTRIC AND GAS CORPORATION SOMERSET COAL-FIRED POWER STATION FACILITY ID NO.: NY 0104213 CASE NO•: 80002 AQUATIC ECOLOGY MONITORING PROGRAM

NOVEMBER, 1981

### CONTENTS Section Page
SUMMA.RY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 

### I.



### II.

III.

IV.



# v. INTRODUCTION A. Purpose B. Summary ofApplicablePermit Conditions C. Schedule ••••••• D. Scope and Organization TECHNICAL APPROACH • • A. ProgramObjectives • 

# . . . . . .. 2 2 4 

### 8 

### 10 13 

### 13 

### B. Basic ProgramDesign: Waterbody and Pumphouse Studies • 14 

## c. InvestigativeMethods: Sample CollectionandAnalysis, StatisticalTechniques and QualityAssurance • • • • • • 16 TARGET SPECIES RATIONALES 

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# .. 

# ... 19 A. General Rationale 

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# ... . 19 B. Species

- Specific Rationales 

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# . .. .. .

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# .. . 21 WATERBODY MONITORING PROGRAMS 

# . .. . . . .. 28 A. Overview •

# . .. . . . . . . . .

# . . 28 B. Program Descriptions 32 

### PUMPHOUSE MONITORING PR(X;RAMS 

# . . . . 90 A. Overview

# . . . . . . . ..

# .. .. . . . . . 90 B. ProgramDescriptionsUnder 402 Permit Sec. B-6

# .. . . . 92 

## c. ProgramDescriptionsUnder 402 Permit Sec. C-5

# . . . .

# . 95 D. ProgramDescriptionsUnder 402 Permit Sec. C-6

# ..

# ... 96 E. Inter-relationships of Pumphouse and Waterbody Studies

# . 119 VI. REPORriNG AND OTHER PERMIT PROVISIONS 

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# .. . 120 

### VII. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM 122 APPENDIX

- RESUMES OF MONITORING PR(X;RAM CONTRIBUTORS 

# .

# .. 126
iLIST OF FIGURES
Page I.c.1. AQUATIC MONITORING OVERVIEW •

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# .. ..

# .. . 9 IV.A.1 SAMPLING ZONES AND TRANSECTS 

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# .. 31 IV.B.1 WATER QUALITY THROUGH TIME: ALKALINITY • 35 IV.B.2 RELATIVE FISH ABUNDANCE FROM ECHO SOUNDINGS

., ' BY TRANSECT BY DEPTH 44 IV.B.3 LENGTH FREQUENCY: WALLEYE 

# ..

# ..

# . .

# . . .. 53 IV.B.4 GROWTH BACK-CALCULATION PLOT 

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# .. 75 IV.B.5 GROWTH CURVE BY YEAR CLASS 76 IV.B.6 LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP: WALLEYE 78 IV.B.7 ICHTHYOPLANKTON DENSITY BY DATE •

# . . . . . .. 86 V.A.1**IMPI~EMENT** AND ENTRAINMENT SCHEDULE (YEAR 1)

# . 91 v.c.1 WEEKLY IMPINGEMENT SAMPLING DESIGN 

# ... 101 v.c.z WEEKLY ENTRAINMENT SAMPLING DESIGN 108

'

## .

ii

- iI.D.l III.! IV.A.l LIST OF TABLES

CORRELATION MATRIX FOR PROGRAM OBJECTIVES AND APPLICABLE 402 PERMIT SECTIONS • TARGET SPECIES • • • • • • • • • • AQUATIC MONITORING PROGRAM SCHEDULE 

# .

# . .. IV.B.l PHYSICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS BY TRANSECT BY DEPTH • IV.B.2 DRY WEIGHT BY DEPTH BY DATE: CLADOPHORA IV.B.3 TOTAL CATCH PER EFFORT BY MONTH BY STATION: ALEWIFE 

# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV.B.4 TOTAL CATCH PER EFFORT BY STATION BY DEPTH:
IV.B.5 IV.B.6 ALEWIFE • • • • • • • LENGTH FREQUENCY BY DATE: ALEWIFE • SAMPLE RANKS BY STATION FOR TRAWL DATA: ALEWIFE IV.B.7 CONTINGENCY TABLE FOR SEX COMPOSITION BY ZONE IV.B

### .8 POINT AND INTERVAL E5riMATES OF SEX COMPOSITION 

### 12 21 29 34 

### 38 

### 50 51 52 54 66 67 IV.B.9 LENGTH-AGE FREQUENCY FROM GILLNETS: YELLOWPERCH 73 IV.B.lO AGE-LENGTH KEY: WALLEYE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 74 V.A.l CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES RELATIVE TO IMPINGEMENT QUOTAS FOR SSl • • • • • • • • • • • 93 V.B.l 

## v.c.l v.c.2 v.c.3 v.c.4 DAILY IMPINGEMENT BY 2 HOUR INTERVALS: FISH DENSITY • WEEKLY IMPINGEMENT BY DAY: FISH DENSITY • • • LENGTH COMPOSITION OF IMPINGEMENT COLLECTIONS 

# . .

# .. WEEKLY ENTRAINMENT BY DAY BY REPLICATE: DENSITY P05r-IMPINGEMENT SURVIVAL 

# . . . .

# . . ..

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iii 

### 98 

### 102 105 110 115

### SUMMARY

The aquatic ecology monitoring program outlined in this plan of study has been prepared by New York State Electric and Gas Corporation (NYSEG) in response to requirements set forth in the revised 402 Permit for the Somerset Coal-Fired Power Station by the New York State Board onElectric Generating Siting and Environment (the Board). The purpose of this document is to present to the Board a plan for the conduct of a study to meet the monitoring requirements set forth to determine possible impacts of the proposed plant on the aquatic environment of Lake Ontario at the Somerset site. This plan of study presents the details of the studies prescribed by the Permit as interpreted and designed by NYSEG and its consultants. The studies include five years of impingement and entrainment monitoring at the pumphouse facilities after commercial operation begins, and two years of preoperational and two years of operational monitoring inLake Ontario including fish trawling and gill netting surveys, temperature surveys, Cladophora (algae) surveys, ichthyoplankton and macrozooplankton surveys, and acoustic surveys of fish distribution relative to the thermal plume. In audition to the surveys, population characteristics studies including age and growth, condition, sex and fecundity are planned. The basic experimental design of the water body surveys is an optimal impact study design where data are collected at control and impact locations both prior to and during operation of the power plant. This document presents the details of this experimental design, the materials and methods proposed by NYSEG for each element of the monitoring program, and the technical rationale by which each program element was conceived. In addition, schedules, data reduction and analysis formats, and a quality assurance program are presented and described.

1

### '**~** rn C) -1 

### c :zNEW YORK SfATE ELECTRIC AND GAS CORPORATION SOMERSET COAL-FIRED PO\-ER STATION AQUATIC ECOLOGY MONITORING PROGRAM I. INTRODUCTION The New York State Electric and Gas Corporation (NYSEG) was issued a draft 402 discharge permit by the New York State Board on Electric Generating Siting and the Environment (the Board) for its proposed 850 MW Somerset Coal Fired Power Station Unit on December 16, 1977. A revised Permit (Case No. 80002) issued for a 625 MW plant (Facility ID NO: NY 0104213) on June 29, 1981, incorporated minor modifications as a result of the plant's reduced generating capacity and agreements reached by NYSEG and New York State Departments of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and Public Service (DPS) in response to issues raised by the agencies. The agreements, resolved to mitigate potential impacts of Somerset Station (SSl) operation on Lake Ontario aquatic life, are summarized in Appendix B of the revised Permit (the Permit). Appendix C of the same document identified surface and groundwater monitoring programs required to demonstrate compliance with effluent limitations and lack of significant ecological impact on the aquatic environment ofLake Ontario. A. Purpose The purpose of this document is to present to the Board, in compliance with Sections B-6, C-4, C-5, C-6, and C-8 of the Permit, a plan for the conduct of a study to evaluate potential impacts of plant operation on the aquatic ecosystem. The Permit stipulates that NYSEG must submit plans for pre-operational waterbody studies and in-plant entrainment and impingement studies three years prior to commercial operation of SSl. Since the intent of pumphouse studies is to relate losses of organisms due to water withdrawal to aquatic communities extant in Lake Ontario, NYSEG has chosen to include plans for both types of studies (waterbody and pumphouse) in the present submittal.

2The Permit also requires that NYSEG submit to DEC special study results three years subsequent to initiation of SSl commercial operation. Section C-7 requires a study to evaluate the physical and biological effects (both in the waterbody and in-plant) resulting from two pump operation planned for periods when ambient intake water temperature is 0 0 10 C (50 F) or less. The design for the 2 vs 3 pump operation study program will be submitted to the Board in a separate document prior to initiation of the pre-operational monitoring program. Section C-10 stipulates submittal of a fish contingency plan based on operating experience and designed to implement rapid mitigation during periods of high fish impingement. The report is to address both notification procedures and mitigative actions to be taken and will be submitted to the agencies as a separate document. This document addresses each of the major monitoring design specifications and criteria identified in the Permit, excluding those found in Sections C-7 and C-10. In doing so, it:

o provides the Board with a vehicle for review, comment, modification and approval of the monitoring efforts associated with the SSl 402 Permit requirements,

o provides the Board with the underlying technical basis for the design of aquatic monitoring program aimed at meeting the requirements of the Permit,

o provides NYSEG with a structured yet flexible monitoring program which incorporates options to change the scope of the program in the future if required, and

o demonstrates that the proposed program is appropriately integrated with other private, State and Federal monitoring programs.



### 3B. Summary of Applicable Permit Conditions Appendix C of the Permit calls for studies of aquatic communities inLake Ontario insofar as they may be subject to impact from SSl. It also requires study of certain organisms which may be entrained into the SS1 circulating cooling water system. In response, NYSEG has developed a study plan for waterbody studies and in-plant entrainment and impingement studies. Results from the two programs will be integrated to determine impacts of SSl operation on Lake Ontario biota. Briefly, the waterbody studies may be paraphrased as follows: Waterbody Surveys

- For two years prior to, and operation of the power plant, aquatic monitoring two years after surveys of Lake Ontario will be undertaken to assess the near-field impact of the facility. The sampling design will include stations in the area of the lake where the intake and discharge are located and operational impacts of the facility may be expected to occur, and in at least one area sufficiently remote from potential effects of the intake and discharge to serve as a control area during the operational phase. The objectives of the monitoring surveys are to identify and quantify the potential effects of the power plant. Key concerns include the potential attraction of fish to the thermal discharge plume, enhancement of nuisance species, and such potential problems as gas bubble disease. The results of the studies will be compared with results of other contemporary or prior studies on Lake Ontario. Impingement

- Entrainment Studies

- As the result of NYSEG-DEC-DPS agreements, NYSEG will use fine mesh (1.0 mm) traveling screens in the pumphouse during the spawning period each year. (If operation is not adversely affected, NYSEG intends to leave fine mesh screens in place year-round.) However, the hourly, daily and weekly impingement quotas defined in the Permit are based on counts of fish which are normally impinged on a standard mesh (9.5 mm). To eliminate potential ambiguity, in this document the term impingement will be



### 4used only in reference to fish which are normally impinged on 9.5 mm mesh (referred to in the following**as:~9.**5 mm), regardless of what mesh size is on the SSl traveling screens. Entrainment will refer to either of two subclasses: those organisms normally entrained through the 9.5 mm mesh but impinged on 1.0 mm (ie, ichthyoplankton, some fish eggs and some large macroinvertebrates; referred to in the following as: 1.0 mm**~**x

# <9.5 mm) and those organisms which are entrained through the plant cooling water systems (ie, those organisms passing through both 9.5 and 1.0 mm mesh; referred to in the following as:

# <1.0 mm). With these partitions defined, the salient features of NYSEG's proposed in-plant studies may be summarized: Impingement Survey. (

### ~9.5 mm): For the first year of commercial operation, the total number of predator and forage species impinged will be counted and recorded by species. Screen operation will be continuous over the spawning season and every two (2) hours through the remainder of the year. During the first and subsequent four (4) years of operation the total numbers (by species), the sex, length, weight and condition of fish impinged will be recorded over a continuous 24 hour period each week. During Year 1, a supplemental sampling design stratifying the 24-hour collection over the week will be conducted to determine the optimal sampling design for weekly impingement estimates in subsequent years. The survival rate of fish impinged (96 hour post-impingement observations) will be determined seasonally (at least) each year. Coincident with the survival studies, the effectiveness of the traveling screen system in minimizing damage and mortality will be evaluated. Traveling screen components to be examined include period of screen rotation, pressure of screen wash and the angle of orientation between the spray wash nozzle and the traveling screens. Age distribution of impinged target species will be determined from a subsample twice each year. Entrainment Survey. (l.Omm**~** x

# <9.5 mm): During the initial five (5) years of operation, the cooling water intake stream will be sampled three (3) days per week from 1 April through 31 August, one



### 5day per week through September and bi monthly over for the remainder of each year (1 October

- 31 March). Samples will be enumerated by species and vertebrates will be measured for length. Total dry weight of macroinvertebrates will be assessed weekly. Post-entrainment survival (96 hours) and traveling screen system effectiveness in minimizing damage and mortality to vertebrates and invertebrates in this size class will be conducted seasonally. 

# ( <l.Omm): For the first five years of SSl commercial operation, weekly samples will be collected. A subsample will be used to estimate dry weight of organisms entrained through the cooling water system each week. These three·types of studies are referred to in various sections of the Permit, specifically Sections B-6, C-4, C-5, C-6, and, C-8. As discussed in section IA, requirements outlined in Section C-7 and C-10 will be responded to in separate reports. Major features within each of the former sections are highlighted below. 402 Permit Section B-6 1. Provision for fine mesh (l.Omm) traveling screens through the spawning season. 2. Provision for an isothermal fish return system (all pipe bends greater than 60° with a turning radius of 10 pipe radii) designed for year-round operation. Capability for sampling at the system's discharge port. 3. Screen rotation at least every eight hours during Year 1 of commercial operation except during the spawning season when screens are to be operated continuously. 4. Estimate of fish normally impinged on standard mesh (9.5mm) screens. If the number of forage or predator species impinged exceeds 100 or 10 per hour, respectively, operation of screens is to be continuous for a minimum of 8 hours. 5. Daily impingement estimates appended to quarterly reports.

6402 Permit Section C-4
1. Identification and quantification of potential impacts such as gas bubble disease, attraction of fish to the plume, enhancement of nuisance species, etc. 2. Preoperational and operational phases, each of 2 years duration. 3. Comparison of intake/discharge (impact), and remote (control) areas. 4. Use of standardized gear as applicable. 5. Correlation and comparison with other contemporary studies on Lake Ontario. Additionally, if and when lakewide study designs are formulated, NYSEG will adapt its monitoring programs to the standardized study format. 6. Presentation of data arrangement, format, and unit details. 402 Permit Section C-5 

### 1. Assess overall effectiveness of cooling water and fish return systems in minimizing damage or mortality to Lake Ontario aquatic biota. 2. Sample intake 3 days per week 1 April through 31 July (accounting for diel periodicity), one day per week for the remainder of the year. 3. Continuous 24 hour sample each week, analyzed by species (vertebrates) and examined for sex, weight, length and condition. Total dry weight of macroinvertebrates from the same collection period. 4.**A~** determination of impingement subsample twice each year. S. Post-impingement survival studies (96 hours) each season. 6. Presentation of data arrangement, format and unit details. 7. Quarterly reports submitted to the Board within six (6) weeks after the end of each quarter. 402 Permit Section C-6 

### 1. Submittal to DEC AND DPS, results from a program to optimize traveling screen system hardware and operation to minimize organism damage and mortality. 7- j 2. Components to be examined: period of screen rotation, pressure of screenwash, trough and fish deflector. 3. Recommendations for feasible and practicable modifications to the screens or their operation. 402 Permit Section C-8 1. Demonstrate that sampling gear, technique and data methods are coordinated with those of other studies. 2. Demonstrate rationale. 3. Provide quality assurance program. The monitoring programs described herein have been designed to address the technical criteria required under each of these Permit Sections. Discussion of specific programs within each section includes, in addition to technical specifications, a schedule of studies to be performed, a demonstration of study rationales and validity of methods chosen, and a discussion of basic methods of data reduction, formatting, and presentation. C. Schedule The overall schedule is divided into two major phases (pre-operational and operational), and within the operational phase two subphases (first full year of operation vs first five years of operation). These are shown in Figure I.C.l. The first year of pre-operational waterbody studies will be considerably more intensive than most contemporary power plant monitoring programs, particularly with respect to levels of replication. This is expected to enable NYSEG to define statistical limits of detectability associated with assessment of impact and, in consultation with the DPS and DEC, evaluate possible additions, deletions, or modifications to specific study objectives.

8

### c :2II. TECHNICAL APPROACH A. Program Objectives NYSEG's proposed Somerset aquatic monitoring programs, to be conducted in Lake Ontario and SSl pumphouse, have been designed to estimate and understand impacts of SSl water withdrawal and discharge. Included in the program are methods and materials aimed at evaluating:

0 preoperational-operational zones; differences among control-impact

o rates of organism entrainment and impingement at SSl;

o inter-relationships among physical and biological parameters, independent of SSl operation, which affect organism abundance and distribution within the waterbody and/or the rate of SSl impingement/entrainment mortality;

o optimal operation of SSl traveling screen system to maximize survival following impingement; and

o optimal design of subsequent plant and site-specific ecological studies. As such the programs will not only comply with Permit requirements but also define site-specific ecological data through time and provide the basis for future DPS-DEC-NYSEG interactions regarding possible future data requirements at SSl. The data requirements and statistical techniques appropriate to address these concerns differ substantially. Consequently, the waterbody and pumphouse studies have been partitioned into separate sets of specific objectives, presented in Sections IV and V, respectively. Objectives designed to evaluate impact of Somerset station operation are refined to "null hypothesis" statements which clarify the purpose of the objective

13and essentially define both the experimental design and statistical treatments appropriate to test the hypothesis. Separate objectives designed to quantify specific estimates or characterize variables of interest are defined by a statement of purpose. Where supplemental tests or hypothesis will be applied to these estimates, the "null hypothesis" format is followed. Presentation of each of the 20 objectives (12 waterbody, 8 pumphouse) includes:

o statement of objective o statement of purpose and description of parameter to be estimated and/or statement of the hypothesis to be tested o rationale o target species (where applicable) o sampling gear o temporal and spatial aspects of sampling o replication o type of supplemental data collected o sample analysis o data reduction and statistical analyses. NYSEG selected this approach because of its clarity of presentation and lack of ambiguity in terms of the type of data and impact estimators which will be available to DPS and DEC in resulting reports (Section VI). Additionally, this approach, based on separate but inter-related program objectives, will address the five concerns outlined above and facilitate maximum flexibility to evaluate and document the effectiveness of specific methods used and to define potential changes in program elements as outlined inPermit Section C-8.
B. Basic Program Design: Waterbody and Pumphouse Studies The structure underlying NYSEG's proposed waterbody surveys involves preoperational-operational comparisons between control and impact zones (McKenzie et al, 1977; Eberhardt, 1978; Green, 1979). The design implicitly assumes that differences in water quality and/or biological parameters between control and impact zones observed during operational



### 14monitoring are attributable to SSl operation. This assumption is valid only after preoperational monitoring has established control transects which are uniform in bathymetry, water quality and biological communities. Therefore, preoperational data will be used to estimate background variability within zones prior to station operation which will provide the basis for evaluating significance of any differences observed subsequent to plant start-up. Supplemental data will be used to define physical and biological factors which, independent of SSl operation, affect those populations monitored during both phases of the ecological surveys. Independence of control and impact zones during SSl operation (ie, no exposure to plant discharge at the controls) will be evaluated by referral to plume models, systematic preoperational and operational temperature surveys and operational triaxial hydrothermal monitoring which will precisely define the areal extent of the plume. The basic design of the pumphouse studies is survey sampling in which specific parameters are· quantitatively estimated with confidence limits. The primary purpose is twofold: to document the total numbers of organisms impinged and/or entrained over time, and to estimate survival of organisms entrained into the system in order to minimize mortality on traveling screens. Year 1 monitoring includes evaluation of overlapped sampling schedules and techniques (eg, stratified vs systematic designs, pump vs screen collections). These data will be analyzed to recommend optimal sampling methods for monitoring programs through Years 2-5. The programs have also been designed to facilitate tests of hypotheses aimed at determining those portions of the local population selectively affected by plant operation and those factors (physical, chemical and biological) which affect impingement and entrainment rates. The survival optimization portion of the program will compare post-impingement survival (96 hours) of organisms under a range of screen operating conditions. Variable operating modes of components to be evaluated (screen rotation period, screen spray pressure and nozzle orientation) will be conducted simultaneously in order to eliminate potential confounding interaction resulting from differences in species and/or age classes represented in collections made at different times.



### 15C. Investigative Methods: Sample Collection and Analysis, Statistical Techniques and QualityAssurance The rationale and justification for each sampling technique proposed are presented for each of the 20 objectives described in Sections IV and V. NYSEG recognizes that sampling bias is inherent to each of the techniques proposed, particularly those designed to sample fish populations. However, given that no single method can adequately define local populations resident at SSl, NYSEG proposes to utilize as many gears as are feasible, with particular emphasis on sampling species most vulnerable to impact and, to the extent possible, complementing DEC and Fish and Wildlife Service sampling programs. Effectiveness of each fishing gear proposed below will be assessed during pilot studies conducted prior to initiation of preoperational monitoring and throughout Year 1 sampling. Similar evaluations of artificial substrate deployment and residence time, and plankton tow techniques (e.g., pairings of nets) will be conducted over the same period. Statistical bias in data resulting from unavoidable differences in timing of offshore collections will be minimized by staggered sampling among transects within the sampling periods. The intensity of sampling both in terms of frequency and replication tends to further reduce the statistical biases which are inherent to ecological data. Finally, although disparities will inevitably exist between offshore and pumphouse collections, comparisons outlined in the proposed objectives recognize and account for these differences. Although NYSEG intends to discuss with the Board potential modifications to the proposed program, as suggested from evaluation of results from pilot studies and Year 1 preoperational monitoring, the sampling methods proposed in the waterbody and pumphouse objectives described below include the following:

o water quality physico-chemical measurements by calibrated meters;

o artificial substrate deployment to monitor benthic algae populations;


### 16

### o fish distribution and abundance estimates by multiple gears including echoshounder, trawling and gill netting;

0 

### fish age and growth determinations by species specific techniques;

o offshore plankton tows and pumphouse collection by nets and pump;

o impingement and entrainment sampling by screen, net or pump, as appropriate; and

0 

### post-impingement survival experimental methods. studies by standard, recognized
Sample handling and analysis are presented for each objective in Sections IV and V. In addition, Section VII .presents a comprehensive quality control and assurance program designed to ensure that sample collection and analysis are conducted as described in the proposed program and to document methods of data recording and storage. The sampling zones and temporal patterns described in the objectives defined in Sections IV and V were expressly selected to generate data which are compatible with experimental designs underlying analysis of variance techniques, including analysis of covariance. The applicability of these techniques, the choice of parametric vs. non-parametric methods, or the choice of possible data transformations (eg, square root or logarithim of X + 

### 1), will be decided following preliminary analysis of sample data from each objective by project and consultant statisticians. Preliminary analyses will include evaluation of frequency distribution functions, mean-variance independence, and variance heterogenity.



### 17

### D. Literature Cited Eberhardt, LL. 1978. Appraising variability inpopulation studies. J. Wildlife Management. 42(2):207-238. Green, RH. 1979. Sampling Design and StatisticalMethods for Environmental Biologists. J. Wiley 

### &Sons, N.Y. 257 p. McKenzie, DH, L DKannberg, K L Gore, EMArnold, and D GWatson. 1977. Design and analysis of aquatic monitoring programs at nuclear power plants. Prepared for U 

### S Nuclear Regulatory Commission by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory. PNL-2423. Richland, Washington.

18III. TARGET SPECIES RATIONALES The study plan for the Somerset Station has been designed to provide information on important aquatic organisms of Lake Ontario near the Somerset site. Organisms generally designated as important in NPDES discharge studies are species: (1) abundant at the site, (2) which sustain recreational and commercial fisheries, (3) which serve important ecological functions, (4) rare and endangered, and/or (5) which may encounter the proposed plants' intake or discharge. ,From this group of candidates, certain species present at the site and vulnerable to sources of impact at the Somerset Stationwere identified for study. A. General Rationale The aquatic community of Lake Ontario is a complex diverse assemblage of benthic algae, phytoplankton, bacteria, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fishes. Each component was considered for study under the above criteria. Only the nuisance benthic alga Cladophora, zooplankton, and fishes were selected for study. Phytoplankton, bacteria, and benthic invertebrates were not considered to be vulnerable to impact. Of the benthic algae, only Cladophora was selected because it is an important habitat former for invertebrates and fish; it is abundant in inshore bottom habitats; and it is considered a potential nuisance species. The zooplankton, important secondary producers within the system, are being considered because of their close link with the production of many of the fish in the community, and because they are vulnerable to entrainment mortality. Only the macrozooplankton, principally cladocerans and copepods, were chosen for study because they are the principal food source of many of the fish. Although Gammarus is an RIS NYSEG does not expect to collect many in e_ither waterbody or pumphouse studies. However, all Gammarus collected will be identified and



### 19enumerated. Examples of the principal species expected in zooplankton collections are the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris and the copepods Cyclops bicuspidatus and Tropocyclops prasinus. The fish community is a diverse assemblage of resident and anadromous species characteristic of the present day Great Lakes fauna. Their vulnerability to the power plant and importance to the community varies considerably. In the studies proposed, records will be kept on all fish observed or collected, but studies have been designed for specific target species and life stages which are potentially vulnerable or sensitive to sources of power plant impact. These include species with planktonic (eggs and larvae) or pelagic life stages vulnerable to entrainment at the power plant, and those species which may be entrapped in the intake or attracted to the thermal discharge. Most of these species have demersal eggs so while some eggs will be collected (ichthyoplankton and pumphouse samples) no specific sampling program has been designed to target this life stage. Each of these species was considered relative to its importance and/or susceptibility to impact at Somerset, and certain ones were identified as target species. Target species are those which will receive detailed study of life history and population biology studies while all species will be studied in terms of spatial and temporal abundance. The target species NYSEG has chosen for detailed study include spottail shiner and eight species identified as target species in DEC studies (Table III.!). Utilization of DEC target species has an advantage from the standpoint of being able to draw upon a large, long-term data base for evaluating population characteristics, trends, and differences. Several of these species are also considered most susceptible to SSl intake and/or discharge. Rationales for selecting each species are discussed briefly in the following section.

20--

# . TABLE III.! FISHES CHOSEN FOR INITIAL STUDY AT THE SOMERSET SITE (TARGET SPECIES) Species Life Stage Forage/Predator alewife larvae, juvenile, and adult - F rainbow smelt larvae, juvenile, adult - F spottail shiner larvae, juvenile, adult - F smallmouth bass juvenile, adults - p 

### white perch larvae, juvenile, adult - p 

### yellow perch larvae, juvenile, adult - p 

### rainbow trout juvenile, adult - p 

### brown trout juvenile, adult - p 

### coho salmon juvenile, adult - p 

### B. Species

- Specific Rationales The fish species chosen for study (Table III.!) include the most important recreational fish and their principle forage (or prey) species. Most are cold water species but several, including the smallmouth bass, yellow perch, white perch, and spottail shiner, are of intermediate type. The lake trout is representative of the offshore deepwater community of the lake. The smallmouth bass, white perch, yellow perch, and spottail shiner are representative of the inshore community. The alewife, smelt, brown trout and salmon are representative of the pelagic community found inshore and offshore. 1. Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) The alewife is a pelagic forage species of the herring family and presently makes up a considerable portion of the biomass of the Lake Ontario fish community. Established in Lake Ontario during the late 1800's, its rise in representation has led to important changes in the fish community inLake Ontario and more recently in the Upper GreatLakes (Smith, 1970). Alewife are important in the diet of many gamefish including trout and salmon. During some years, large scale die-offs have created a nuisance along the south shore ofLake Ontario.

21The alewife is planktivorous, feeding primarily on copepods, cladocerans, mysids, gammarids and chironomids. It competes with other planktivorous species (smelt, lake herring, lake chub, shiners, and yellow perch) during all or part of the year. The rapid increase in the abundance of alewife has led to declines of native species. Alewife spawn from June to August along the lake shore and in tributaries. Eggs are demersel and adhere to the bottom substrate. Larvae are planktonic and prevalent during the summer. Juveniles inhabit the open waters of the lake. Adults prefer deeper bottom waters except during the spawning period when they can be found nearshore and in tributaries. These distribution characteristics make the alewife vulnerable to entrainment and impingement at power plants. The alewife was selected for study because of its abundance, importance as prey for gamefish, role as a competitor in the community, and high potential as a pelagic species for involvement with the proposed plant. 2. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) The rainbow smelt is a pelagic forage species which presently makes up a considerable portion of the biomass of the Lake Ontario fish community. It first appeared in Lake Ontario in the 1930's and quickly became abundant. Its rise, like that of the alewife, has led to important changes in the fish community. The rainbow smelt is an important commercial and sport fish in Lake Ontario and a significant component in the diet of many gamefish including salmon. The rainbow smelt is planktivorous, feeding primarily on copepods, mysids, and amphipods and competes with other planktivorous fishes for the zooplankton food supply. Rainbow smelt generally occupy shallow and intermediate depths (8 to 110m) and are most abundant at depths less than 60m (Elrod et al, 1980). Smelt spawn along the shoreline and in tributaries during March and April with eggs attaching to the bottom substrate. Larvae are planktonic and found inshore during May and June (NYSEG, unpublished data; NYSEG, 1980). Juveniles are found inshore during September and October (NYSEG, 1980).

22! The rainbow smelt was selected for study because of its abundance, importance as a sport fish, importance in the diet of gamefish, role as a competitor in the community, and high potential as a pelagic species to be entrained or entrapped at the intake of the proposed power plant. 3. Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) The spottail shiner is a primarily bottom-dwelling, inshore minnow species. In the Great Lakes, spottail shiners move offshore only in winter. The spottail shiner is an important forage fish and is a favored bait minnow of sport fishermen. Spottail shiners are planktivorous, particularly as juveniles. They also feed upon epibenthic invertebrates such as Gammarus. Spottail shiners spawn in spring areas. The eggs are demersal. and early summer in inshore bottom Larvae have been collected in the plankton in July and August (NYSEG, 1980). Young and adults were abundantly represented in inshore and nearshore waters during the summer (NYSEG, 1975). The spottail shiner was selected for study because it is an important forage fish and because of its potential as a pelagic species to be entrained or entrapped at the proposed plant intake. 4. Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) The smallmouth bass is a native warmwater inshore predator fish of Lake Ontario and is an excellent sportfish. It is most abundant in the protected bays of the northeastern area of the lake. Favored prey include invertebrates and fish. Smallmouth spawn in shallow areas in June. The young are protected after hatching by the male parent. Juveniles and adults remain inshore from spring through fall then move offshore inwinter.



### 23- 1 

### The smallmouth bass was chosen because it is an important inshore predatory fish, an important sportfish, and is susceptible to entrapment at the intake or attraction to the thermal plume. 5. Yellowperch (Perea flavescens) The yellow perch is a bottom feeding inshore predator native to Lake Ontario. It is the most abundant sport species and sustains an important commercial fishery. It occupies an intermediate trophic level since it is preyed upon by 

### larger predators and preys upon forage species. Yellow perch spawn in shallow water in early spring. Eggs are laid in gelatinous masses which are semibuoyant. Planktonic larvae are present inshore from early May through June. Juveniles and adults prefer waters less than 20 ft deep during warmer months (May-October). There is some evidence that they migrate to eastern bays in the spring to spawn (NYSEG, 1980). They overwinter in 60 to 90ft of water. The yellow perch was selected for study because of its importance as a sport and commercial fish and because it is susceptible to entrainment and entrapment at the power plant. 6. White perch (Marone americana) The white perch is an inshore warm-water fish which has become abundant in the lake since 1950. Its abundance is second only to the alewife but is not considered a primary sport fish, although a commercial fishery has recently developed. The white perch prefers waters less than 20 ft deep. The white perch is preyed upon to a limited extent, as young, by predatory fish. It is generally considered a nuisance species which preys onor competeswithmore desireable species. The white perch is an omnivorous, bottom-feeding fish. It feeds on invertebrates, fish eggs, and young fish. Young feed on plankton. White perch spawn from mid-May through June in shallow water. Eggs are adhesive and demersal and become attached to vegetation, rocks, and other

24objects on the bottom. Larvae are present in the inshore plankton from late May to mid-September. Yotmg are abundant from late summer through fall. The white perch was selected for study because it is a commercial species, abundant in inshore waters, and is susceptible to entrainment and entrapment at the proposed power plant.
7. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) The rainbow trout is not indigenous to Lake Ontario, but has been introduced in Ontario waters sLnce the early 1900's. It is now a permanent resident of Lake Ontario and an important sport fish. Rainbow trout spawn in spring, migrating up clear tributaries and nesting over gravel substrates. Adults return to the lake after spawning and yo1.mg take up lake residence when 2 or 3 years old. Rainbow trout food preferences are a ftmction of life stage and growth rate, sequentially changing from plankton, to insects and crustaceans, to fish. The rainbow trout was selected for study because it is a sport species, seasonally abundant in inshore waters near Somerset, and is susceptible to plume attraction during fall and spring. 8. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) The brown trout is a piscivorous game fish now abundant along the south shore of Lake Ontario due to an extensive stocking program (Eckert, 1980; LeTendre, 1980). Brown trout are found inshore in spring and fall, farther offshore (in the thermocline) during summer and in deep water in winter. They feed primarily on alewife, smelt, and lake chubs. The brown trout was selected for study because it supports an important sport fishery, is an important top carnivore in the system, and is potentially attracted to the discharge plume of the plant in the fall, winter, and spring when higher plume temperatures are within their preferred thermal range.


### 25j 

### 9. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchuskisutch) The coho salmon is a Pacific salmon which has been stocked in Lake Ontario since the late 1960's. Stocking reached a peak in the mid

- 1970's, but has since declined in deference toward other species (LeTendre, 1980). Stocking is expected to increase substantially in the early 1980's (LeTendre, 1980). It is of greatest importance in eastern Lake Ontario near, or in spawning rivers; smaller numbers are stocked in Eighteen Mile Creek, Oak Orchard Creek, and Sandy Creek which are tributaries of the south central shore (Eckert, 1980). Coho salmon feed principally on alewife and rainbow smelt. They are found inshore during spring and fall, offshore in the thermocline during summer, and offshore in deeper waters during winter. The adults school at the mouths of rivers in the fall beforemigrating upstream to spawn. The coho salmon was selected for study because it is an important sport fish in the lake, a top carnivore in the system, and is potentially attracted to the thermal plume during fall, winter, and spring when higher plume temperatures are within their preferred thermal range. Literature Cited Eckert, TH. 1980. Brown trout and coho salmonassessment inLake Ontario in 1979. Proc. Great Lakes Fish. Comm., Lake Ontario Comm. March 4-5' 1980. Elrod, J 

### H, RO'Gorman, RBergestedt, and CP Schneider. 1980. Status of major forage fish stocks in 

## u.s. waters of Lake Ontario. Proc. GreatLakesFish. Comm., Lake OntarioComm. March 4-5, 1980. Hubbs, CL, and K FLagler. 1958. Fishes of the GreatLakesRegion. Univ. Mich. Press, AnnArbor, Mich. 213 pp. LeTendre G

## c. 1980. Salmonid stocking completed inUS Waters ofLake Ontario in 1979 and projected to 1983. Proc. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. Lake Ontario Comm., March 4-5, 1980.
26

### NYSEG, 1975. 316aDemonstration, NYSE&G, Somerset. New York StateElec. andGas Co., Binghamton, N.Y. NYSEG, 1980. 316b Demonstration, NYSE&G 1 and 2, NewHaven. NewYork StateElec. and Gas Co., Binghamton, N.Y. Smith, SH. 1970. Species interactions of the alewife intheGreat Lakes. Trans. Amer. Fish Soc. 99: 754-765.

27VJ rn 0 --i 

### c :z 

### <IV. WATERBODY MONITORING PROGRAMS A. Overview The proposed monitoring program includes studies of (1) water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity); (2) Cladophora (a green alga); (3) fish distribution, abundance, disease and parasitism, sex and age composition, and growth; and (4) ichthyoplankton and macrozooplankton. The programs described in this section were selected on the basis of impact probability and interpretive applicability relative to pumphouse programs required under 402 Permit Sections B-6 and C-5, described later (Section V). Wherever possible NYSEG has chosen methods and materials comparable to those being used in monitoring studies of other Lake Ontario power plants or to those being used in DEC stock assessments of forage, salmonid, and warmwater fishes. NYSEG solicited review and critique of Sections IV and V of this report from the environmental staffs of Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, Rochester Gas and Electric Company, and Ontario Hydro· Corporation. In some cases the programs proposed herein may require a period of experimentation and refinement of materials and methods during Year 1 of the pre-operational phase. NYSEG regards such work as a necessary prerequisite to development and selection of the final methodology which will be used to determine the significance of impact, if any, due to operation of the Somerset Station. Prior difficulties experienced in deploying and handling experimental fishing gear in Lake Ontario, combined with a lack of replication in previous studies indicated that such a period of "pilot" study would be necessary at the programs' inception. The monthly schedule of studies to be performed in Year 1, Phase 1 of the preoperational program is illustrated in Table IV.A.l. The main emphasis of the program can be seen to involve weekly ichthyoplankton sampling from April through August and monthly sampling of fish species distribution and abundance using acoustic monitoring, midwater and surface trawls, and small mesh, bottom gill netting. This effort is complemented with annual stock assessment studies for forage, salmonid


### 28_/


### TABLE IV.A.1 SOMERSET STATION AQUATIC MONITORING PROGRAM SCHEDULE M0 

### N T H *MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC* OBJECTIVE**xxxxxxxxxx~xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx** 

### #1 Water Quality X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 

### 4f2 

### Cladophora X X X X X X



# - #3 Acoustic X X X X X X X X X X 

### 4f4 

### Surf/Mid Trawls X X X X X X X X X X 

### 415 

### Small Mesh Gills X X X X X X X X X X

------**----~---------** ---
------- N \0 

### 416 

### Yankee Trawls X X X 

# n WarlliWater Gi11s X 

### fiB 

### Salmonid Gills X



# - ff9 

### Sex Comp X X X X X 

### #10 Age

- Growth X X X X X 

### #11 Ichthyoplankton 

# xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx #12 Beach (Carcass) Count X X X X 

### ., 

### *WeatherPermittingand warmwater fishes, scheduled to coincide with DEC studies in order to provide standardization of technique and annual abundance indices and population statistics without imposing undue mortality on sport fish. Each of the programs shown in Table IV.A.l are described in detail under Part B of this section. Sampling areas chosen for study by NYSEG include impact (test) and remote (control) zones as specified in Section C-4 of the 402 Permit. These are shown schematically in Figure IV.A.L Exact coordinates and reference points are to be determined early in Phase I of the waterbody studies. Final selection of sampling coordinates will be based on minimization of confounding environmental differences between control and test areas, such that impacts, if any, of Somerset can be distinguished from natural variation and sampling error. Zone definition will be a function of bottom topography and substrate, bottom slope, current patterns and tributary inflow, wave action and any other obvious and distinguishing features of the habitat. In discussing specific objectives in the following section, reference is made either to (1) distances (in km) from Somerset, when a series of transects criss-crossing the area

## + 9 km of the plant is involved (e.g. temperature and acoustic monitoring); or (2) prominent geographical points where finite sample collection zones are required. (Zone B); In the latter case, NYSEG has used Olcott (Zone A); Somerset and Thirty-mile point (Zone C) to place its test (B) and control (A, C) zones in rough perspective for the reviewers.



### 30'j J

w

...... 

# so'------ 

# A 

# 8 50'**--~**


### 40'



### 30'**---~**


### 20'+--

10'+---

-9 

### -8 -7 

### -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 

### 0 Km 

### Olcott Somerset

FIGURE 'Ill:

### .A.l 

### CONCEPTUAL ARRANGEMENT OF SAMPLING ZONES AND TRANSECTS FOR SSl +1 

# c**·~---**



### +2 

### +3 +4 +5 

### +6



### ----Depth Contours Transects 

### +7 +8 +9 Thirtymile Point 

# W/1:?"1/a Impact(B)and Control (A,C)Zones

# ~ SubzonesB. Program Descriptions L OBJECTIVE 

### Ill• To monitor temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity in impact and control zones for SSl.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) #1: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity are not significantly different among zones. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: Temperature data will be used to plot the thermal structure of the control and impact zones for each sampling date. Data collected for each water quality variable will be utilized to determine correlation with biological data (Objectives #2-12). b. SAMPLING METHOD

- ELECTROMETRIC Rationale

- The control vs impact zone design and hypothesis testing is based on the assumption that the impact zone and 2 control zones will not differ significantly in water quality. In fact, NYSEG will select control zones which are similar to the impact zone in hydrographic and physiographic characteristics but sufficiently removed from the discharge to prohibit plume/zone interaction; thereby, assuring zone homogeneity prior to SSl operation. Significant differences among zones observed subsequent to plant operation can then be assumed to result from entrainment through and discharge from the plant. Data resulting from the surveys of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH (characteristics which maybe modified by entrainment through the plant) will be used as one means to determine independence of control and impact zones. Turbidity, expected to change only slightly, if at all, as result of plant entrainment, will be monitored primarily to assess the potential for gear selectivity. Data from all water quality variable measurements will be used in conjunction with the biological data collected (described in Objectives # 2-12) to evaluate the relationship between distributions of physical and biological variables.


### 32

### Gear Temperature determined to nearest 0.1 C with electrometric thermister probe; DO accuracy to 0.1 mg/1 with polarographic probe; pH electrometrically determined with glass electrode with 0.1 unit accuracy; and turbidity determined nephelometrically. Zones- Olcott (A), Somerset (B), and Thirtymile Point (C); 

### 10', 30', and 50' contours. One transect at A and C, 

### corresponding to outer transects used for acoustic monitoring (Obj #3). Three transects within the impact area (B), for finer discrimination of plume innear-field. Depths

- Surface to bottom at 5 1 

### intervals. Schedule March through December, at biweekly (14 day) intervals, weather permitting. DataReduction and StatisticalAnalysis

-
o Tabular output illustrating all parameters by date, station, and depth (Table IV.B.l), coded and stored so as topermit correlation with biological data.

o Graphical output of single variable data illustrating temporal patterns and differences among stations (Figure IV.B.l).

o Two-wayAnalysis ofVariance (ANOVA) will be performed to detemine significant differences among zones and sampling dates for each of the four water quality characteristics sampled. Aposteriori tests (SNK, Duncan) will be used to discriminate significantlydifferent zones and/or sampling dates.

33

## J

TABLE IV •B• 1 PHYSICALWATERQUALITYPARAMETERSBYTRANSECTBYDEPTH TRANSECT

1 2 3 4 5 

## CONTOUR DEPTH TEMP DO 

## PHTURB TEMP DO 

## PHTURB TEMP DO 

## PHTURB TEMP DO 

## PHTURB TEMP DO 

## PHTURB



# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 1. 

## 28.2 7.38.245.0 15.0 9.77.521.0 4.0 12.48.425.0 26.0 8.47.746.0 28.2 7.38.245.0 5. 26.0 8.47.746.0 28.2 7.38.245.0 15.0 9.77.521.0 4.0 12.4 8.425.0 26.0 8.47.746.0 10. 4.0 12.4 8.425.0 26.0 8.47.746.0 28.2 7.38.245.0 15.0 9.77.521.0 4.0 12.4 8.425.0 l..V +:- 

## 30 1. 26.0 8.47.746.0 4.0 12.37.720.0 15.0 9.97.521.0 26.7 8.1 7.846.0 4.0 11.98.1 22.5 5. 28.2 7.38.245.0 26.0 8.27.845.0 4.0 12.37.720.0 15.0 9.97.521.0 26.7 8.1 7.846.0 10. 15.0 9.77.521.0 15.0 9.97.521.0 26.0 8.27.845.0 4.0 12.37.720.0 15.0 9.97.621.0 15. 4.0 12.4 8.425.0 4.0 12.37.720.0 15.0 9.97.521.0 26.0 8.27.845.0 4.0 11.98.1 22.5 20. 26.0 8.47.746.0 26.0 8.27.845.0 4.0 12.37.720.0 15.0 9.97.521.0 26.7 8.1 7.846.0 25. 28.2 7.38.245.0 15.0 9.77.521.0 26.0 8.27.845.0 4.0 12.37.720.0 15.0 9.97.621.0 30. 15.0 9.77.521.0 4.0 12.4 8.425.0 15.0 9.97.521.0 26.0 8.27.845.0 4.0 11.98.1 22.5 50 1. 15.0 9.97.621.0 26.0 8.47.746.0 28.3 7.58.346.0 15.0 9.97.621.0 8.6 12.57.820.0 5. 26.7 8.1 7.846.0 4.0 12.27.720.0 26.0 8.47.746.0 34.0 7.38.252.0 15.0 9.87.325.0 10. 4.0 11.9 8.1 22.5 15.0 9.97.621.0 4.0 12.27.720.0 28.0 8.47.846.0 34.0 7.38.252.0 15. 15.0 9.97.621.0 28.3 7.58.346.0 15.0 9.97.621.0 8.6 12.57.820.0 28.0 8.47.846.0 20. 26.7 8.1 7.845.0 26.0 8.47.745.0 28.3 7.58.346.0 15.0 9.87.325.0 8.6 12.57.820.0 25. 4.0 11.98.1 22.5 4.0 12.27.720.0 26.0 8.47.746.0 34.0 7.38.252.0 15.0 9.87.325.0 30. 15.0 9.97.621.0 15.0 9.97.621.0 4.0 12.27.720.0 28.0 8.47.846.0 34.0 7.38.252.0 35. 26.7 8.1 7.846.0 28.3 7.58.346.0 15.0 9.97.621.0 8.6 12.57.820.0 28.0 8.47.846.0 40. 4.0 11.98.1 22.5 26.0 8.47.746.0 28.3 7.58.346.0 15.0 9.87.325.0 8.6 12.57.820.0 45. 15.0 9.97.621.0 4.0 12.27.720.0 26.0 8.47.746.0 34.0 7.38.252.0 15.0 9.87.325.0 50. 28.3 7.58.346.0 15.0 9.97.621.0 4.0 12.27.720.0 28.0 8.47.846.0 34.0 7.38.252.0

## J

w I.Jl FIGURE IV •8 • 1 WATERQUALITYTHROUGHTIME: ALKALINITY



### v A L 

### u E 37.5

## + I I I I I I I I 35.0

## + I I I I I I I I 32.5

## + I I I I I I I I 30.0

## + I I I I I I I I 27.5

## + I I I I I I I I 25.0

## + I I I I I I 22.5

## + I I I I I I I 20.0

## + I I I I I I I I 17.5

## +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ JUL01 78 SEP01 78 NOV01 78 JAN 01 79 DATE MAR 01 79 MAY01 79 JUL01 79 SEP01 792. OBJECTIVE 112. To monitor distribution and abundance of the green alga Cladophora glomerata in impact and control zones for SSl.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H ) lt2A: Biomass of Cladophora is not 0 significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 112B: Any variations in Cladophora biomass among zones are consistent, prior to and subsequent to SSl operation. b. SAMPLING METHOD

- ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES Rationale

-

# £· glomerata is variously labeled either nuisance species or habitat-former. Cladophora's nuisance aspects derive from the filamentous nature of the algae and its tendency to break off and form dense floating mats several times a season. These filamentous mats may clog water intake filters and impart undesirable odors to the water (Herbst, 1969). The floating mats are frequently deposited on the shoreline where they decompose, releasing noxious hydrogen sulfide gas. The mats themselves may be so extensive that they detract from the visual appeal of the beaches and interfere with their recreational use (Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1958). Examination of living Cladophora shows that it forms a substrate for many algal and protozoan epiphytes (Taft and Kishler, 1973). Beds of Cladophora are also used by carp (Cyprinus carpio) for spawning purposes. During the Cladophora growing season a complex community develops within the beds including nematodes, flat worms, oligochaete worms, copepods, insect larvae, gammarids, and snails. These beds are foraged by fish and fed upon by diving ducks.
In addition to its light and nutrient requirements, Cladophora has temperature requirements for growth. It grows at temperatures in the 7-15°C range (Waern, 1952), but may be out36competed by other types of filamentous algae, especially Ulothrix, in this temperature range. 0 20-25 C (McNaught, 1964). Because Cladophora grows best at of the influence of temperature on growth, it is of special interest to compare Cladophora growth within the zone of SSl thermal plume influence with growth in control zones. Gear

- "Seasoned" concrete or natural substrate arrays. Zones
- Olcott (A), Somerset (B), Thirtymile Point (C), and Quaker Road filtration plant (D); 10, 20, and 30 foot contours, off bottom. Replicates

- NYSEG proposes to set 3 short-term panels each month at each contour of each zone. Retrieval (as currently planned) will follow 3-4 weeks exposure. In addition, a long-term panel (each contour of each transect), to be deployed at the beginning of May, July and September, will be retrieved after roughly 2-3 months. The ultimate frequency of removal will be determined during preoperational work based on the rate of colonization and sloughing in order to optimize sampling and period of deployment to obtain the most precise estimates of biomass. Schedule

- Monthly, May through October: all transects and contours.
Data Reduction and Statistical Analysis

- Point 

### (X) and interval (s2) estimates of Cladophora biomass (dry weight) will be X made per each set of replicates (Table IV.B.2). Statistical differences among zones within time periods will be analyzed by ·parametric two-way analysis of variance cross-classified by depth and transect. Differences between years will be analyzed by factorial analysis of variance and/or paired treatment - control tests (Ref. Section II).



### 37TABLE IV.B.2

.DRY WEIGHT BY DEPTH BY DATE: CLADOPHORA


### DRY 

### WEIGHT SA.'JJPIJE STANDAF.D DATE CONTOUF. TF. SIZE AVEF.AGF. MAXIMUM**MINIM~~** 

### DEVIATION



# ------- 

# ------ ------- ------- ------- --------- 80JUN 15 10 A 4 19.1 20.1 18.1 .83 B 

### 4 15.8 18.7 14.2 1.98 

# c 4 18.6 18.9 17.9 .49 D 4 18.7 19.4 18.0 .68 20 A 4 14.2 14.8 13.0 •81 B 

### 4 18.2 20.1 16.2 1.62 

# c 4 16.7 18.1 15.1 1.28 D 4 15.6 17.3 14.0 1.36 30 A 

### 4 12.5 14.3 8.5 2.72 B 

### 4 17.3 18.8 15.2 1.72 

# c 4 18.4 19.6 17.0 1.10 D 4 11.2 12.2 10.1 •91 80NQV 12 10 A 

### 4 9.1 9.8 8.3 .62 B 

### 4 15.8 18.7 14.2 1.98 

# c 4 18.6 18.9 17.9 •49 D 4 10.0 10.2 9.8 .17 20 A 

### 4 14.2 14.8 13.0 •81 B 

### 4 6.1 6.7 5.6 .50 

# c 4 7.1 7.5 6.8 •31 D 4 15.6 17.3 14.0 1.36 30 A 

### 4 8.4 9.8 6.5 1.45 B 

### 4 17.3 18.8 15.2 1.72 

# c 4 18.4 19.6 17.0 1.10 D 4 4.6 6.0 1.1 2.33

38**-~**

### c. LITERATURE CITED Herbst, RP. 1969. Distributionof Cladophora, Amer. Mid!. Natur. 8 2 (1):

### 90-98. 

### McNaught, ME. 1964. Distributionand occurrence of filamentous algae in LakeMendota. MS thesis. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. 34 pp. OntarioMinistry of theEnvironment. 1973. Reports onCladophora investigations in Ontario, 1958 to 1967. Taft, C EandWJ 

### Kishler. 1973. Cladophora as related to pollutionand eutrophication in western Lake Erie. Wat. Res. Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. 103 PP• Waern, M. 1952. Rocky-shore algae in the Oreground Archipelago. Acta. Phytogeogr. Sued., 3:1-298.

39

### 3. OBJECTIVE #3. To monitor distribution and relative abundance of fish within the 10'-50' contours from Olcott to Thirtym.ile Point, with emphasis onplume attraction and susceptibility to intakewithdrawal.

a. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: Distribution of fish as represented by returned acoustic signals will be plotted with respect to bottom topography and water temperature. b. SAMPLING METHOD

- ACOUSTIC SURVEY Rationale

- Application of acoustic techniques to sample aquatic environments has expanded rapidly since the early development of sonar methods (Cushing, 1978). Acoustic surveys have provided data used to determine fish density, length distribution and biomass estimates (Cushing, 1967 and 1968; Kaczynski, 1973; Robinson and Barraclough, 1978; Thorne, 197la) and, more recently, the effect of thermal effluents on fish by monitoring variations in spatial and temporal distributions of fish in plume and control areas (Spigarelli, et al, 1973; Kelso and Minns, 1975; Minns, et al, 1978). Acoustic sampling is based on the interpretation of differential distortions of sound pulses as they encounter objects within the aquatic medium. Aquatic organisms, as well as gas bubbles, debris, bottom topography and other obstacles, represent discontinuities in the compressibility of water, resulting in sound wave absorption, reverberation and deflection. The mechanics of the method involve propagation of a sonar pulse and subsequent retrieval of echos (deflected waves). Returning sound waves resulting from backscatter are collected by an acoustic receiver, then are either produced for immediate analysis (eg, cathode-ray tubes for visual examination as in fishing operations) or stored via magnetic tape and digitized for later computer analyses (Lenarz and Green, 1971).

40- 1 The range of an acoustic signal source is the function of system power and the selected frequency of propagated pulse. Given a constant power source and aquatic medium, lower-frequency pulses (long wave length) minimize sound attenuation and noise (resulting from backscatter from small objects), thereby maximizing the volume of medium sounded (Clay and Medwin, 1977). Higher frequencies (short wave lengths) propagated with the same power in the same medium result in decreased volume sounded, increased confusion or "noise" of returned sound, but increase the resolution of the system; ie, the ability to discern individual fish within a dense school (Cushing, 1968). For a given sonar frequency, the range and sampling volume are determined and delimited by the target echo-to-noise ratio and, obviously, the sensitivity of the acoustic receiver. Depth affects target echo amplitude as the result of sound spreading and attenuation through the medium. Backscatter from the same target varies with the depth of the target and, therefore, the distance which the sonar pulse travels before being collected by the acoustic receiver. This phenomenon is minimized either by sampling at multiple depths simultaneously or by applying a time varied gain (TVG) over received multiple target signals before calculating density estimates (Kelso et al, 1974). The effects of differences in target strength among species is increasingly a subject of research (Foote, 1980; Love, 1975; Thorne, 1977). Some results indicate that although absolute differences in target strength occur (as indicated by laboratory measurements of target strength), the accuracy of population estimates is not significantly affected by utilizing an average or mean target strength in density estimate calculations (Kelso et al, 1974).

41Acoustical surveys have been conducted at several generating stations along the Great Lakes to assess the effects of thermal effluent on the distribution of local fish populations. Resulting data define differences in spatial distribution either between plume-affected and control areas or within the plume through time. The method has been used at Point Beach (Spigarelli et al, 1973); Pickering (Kelso and Minns, 1975); Nanticoke (Minns et al, 1978; Kelso, 1976); and Douglas Point (Minns et al, 1978). Acoustic survey methods are proposed for Somerset based on success of prior studies and the amount of useful data which can be collected during day and night concerning potential plume attraction, avoidance, or coincidence. Gear

- Multifrequency echo sounder with dual beam receivers and automatic echo integrator capable of integrating over 1 meter intervals. The transducer will be a towed-body type to reduce interference from hull vibration and vessel turbulence. A compatible mag-tape recorder will be used to retain a permanent record of all acoustic information collected.
Zones
- Olcott to Thirtymile Point; transects from 10'-50' contours located along the SSl intake and discharge lines and east-west at distances of +100 m, 250 m, 500 m, and 1, 2-1/2, 5, and 9 km (total of 16 transects). Schedule

- Monthly, March through December, weather permitting. Day at all transects; night at one transect in Zone B (intake/discharge), and one transect each in Zones A and C (controls). Data Reduction and Statistical Analysis

- Density information will be directly extracted from the returning signals by the automated integrator, and density values will be printed out at discrete time intervals. Given a known boat speed, the arc

42

### sounded by the signal, and the depth, organism densities can be calculated automatically with an electronic data processing unit. Time intervals over which integration is performed will be set to correspond with one meter depth intervals. The intent of this objective is to compare distributions of fish along the different transects along which temperature data are collected (Obj. Ill). A1though the frequency and replication of other survey methods will result in collection of some coincidental data by which species representation can be evaluated, the purpose of the surveys is to determine fish community responses to the plume, in general, not on a species-specific basis. The results of the surveys will be displayed in two-dimensional summary arrays (Figure IV.B.2) and as reproductions of specific traces. Patterns will be correlated with water quality data described in Objective III. 

### Non-parametric rank tests may be used to determine the significance of differences in fish distribution (relative abundance) among transects at different contours and through time (consideringmonthlyand diel periods).

c. LITERATURE CITED ClayCS, andHMedwin. 1977. Acoustical Oceanography: Principlesand Applications. Wiley, New York. pp. Cushing, DH. 1967. Marine Bio-Acoustics: The AcousticEstimation of Fish Abundance. Pergamon Press, London, New York and Sydney, Aust. PP• 

### 75-91. Cushing, DH. 1968. Direct estimation of a fish population acoustically. J. 

### Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 25(11):2349-2364. Cushing, DH. 1978. The present state of acoustic survey. 

### J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 38(1):28-32.

43-!:'- -!:'- 

### FIGURE IV.B.2 RELATIVE FISHABUNDANCE FROM ECHO SOUNDINGS BY TRANSECT BY DEPTH 

## TI\ANSECT 1 2 3 4 5 6 

## DEPI'H 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16



# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 33 72 42 46 73 36 61 65 70 40 41 31 57 68 69 66 20 67 75 55 45 53 58 49 77 48 60 35 44 76 37 2 43 30 23 24 25 26 27 62 74 63 52 29 56 30 54 64 50 71 40 7 11 78 8 9 17 32 12 5 51 34 18 38 19 21 22 50 14 10 20 1 15 47 59 80 79 16 3 6 39 13 

## 4 28 

## TOTAL 144 192 220 126 177 220 275 297 254 19() 169 129 2()4 201 1!16 230-- ; 

### Foote, KG. 1979. On 

### representing the lengthdependence of acoustic target strengths of fish. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36:1490-1496. Holliday, D

# v. 1972. Resonance structure inechoes from schooled pelagic fish. J. Acoust. Soc. 

### Am. 4(2):1322-1332. Johnson, RK. 1977. Acoustic estimationof scattering-layer composition. J. Acoust. Soc. 

### Am. 61(6):1636-1639. Kaczynski, VW. 1973. An evaluation of high frequency sonar for fish counting and relative biomass estimation in the lower Hudson estuary. Report for ConsolidatedEdison of New York. 30 pp. Kelso, J RM, E EPickett, and R GDowd. 1974. Adigital echo-counting system used in determining abundance of freshwater pelagic fish in relation todepth. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 31:1101-1104. Kelso, J RM, and CKMinns. 1975. Summer distribution of the nearshore fish community near a thermal generating station as determined by acoustic census. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 32:1409-1418. Lenarz, W HandJ HGreen. 1971. Electronic processing of acoustical data for fishery research. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 28:446-447. Love, RH. 1974. Predictions of volume scattering strengths from biological trawl data. J. Acoust. Soc. 

### Am. 57(2):300-305. Minns, CK, J R MKelso, andWHyatt. 1978. Spatial distributionof nearshore fish in the vicinity of two thermal generating stations, Nanticoke and Douglas Point, on the Great Lakes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35:885-892. Orr, MH, E EHays, andF RHess. 1978. Acoustic detection of demersal fish closer than 15 centimeters to the bottom in 80 meters of water. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35:1155-1156.

45

### Penrose, J 

### Dand G TKaye. 1978. Acoustic target strengths ofmarine organisms. J. 

### Acoust. Soc. 

### Am. 65(2):1397-1403. Peterson, ML, 

### CSClay, and SBBrandt. 1976. Acoustic estimates of fish density and scattering function. J. 

### Acoust. Soc. Am. 60(3):618-622. Robinson, 

### D GandW EBarraclough. 1978. Populationestimates of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a fertilized oligotrophic lake. J. 

### Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35:851-860. Spigarelli, SA, G

### P Romberg, and R EThorne. 1973. Atechnique for simultaneous echo location of fish and thermal plume mapping. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 102(2):462-466. Thorne, RE. 197la. Investigations into the relationbetweenintegrated echo voltage and fish density. 

### J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 28:1269-1273. Thorne, RE, J 

### E 

### Reeves, andA EMillikar. 197lb. Estimate of the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) population in Port Susan, Washington, using an echo integrator. J. 

### Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 28:1275-1284. Thorne, Richard E. 1977. Anew digitalhydroacoustic data processor and some observations on herring in Alaska. J. 

### Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34:2288-2294.

464. OBJECTIVE #4. To monitor abundance of pelagic fish species most susceptible to power plant effects in Lake Ontario, in impact and control zones for ssl.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) #4A: Fish abundance as estimated by catch per unit effort (CPE) is not significantly different among sampling zones. NULL HYPOTHESES (H0 ) #4B: Inequalities in CPE among zones are not significantly different prior and subsequent to SSl operation. b. SAMPLING METHOD

- TRAWLING Rationale

- The overall goal of Objectives #4 through #8 is to assess the effect of SSl on different segments of the fish community. Given the fact that any single method of capturing fish is selective (Lagler, 

### 1971)' a variety of sampling gear will be used to obtain a representative sample of the fish populations at and adjacent to Somerset. NYSEG's choice of gears and sampling location and effort per gear type was based on (1) type and/or age class of fish which are most likely to be affected by operation of SSl; (2) gear selectivity; (3) type of data to be collected and characteristics of the sample required for statistical tests and estimators; (4) comparability of data with that of other Lake Ontario programs; and (5) minimization of unnecessary sampling effort and fishing mortality relative to information gained. The trawl survey described here (Objective #4) is aimed at capture of pelagic target species most likely to be affected by impingement and entrainment at Somerset. The method proposed is subsurface and midwater trawling with nets which will be designed to minimize drag, avoidance, and selectivity by proper design of mouth opening, doors, net length and net mesh. This method is recommended over subsurface and midwater gillnetting because gill nets cause higher mortality of captured fish and interfere with navigation. However, it should be noted that both Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and DEC are experimenting with oblique 

### 47trawling techniques. Contingent upon their results, NYSEG may select to integrate subsurface and midwater trawling efforts. The main purpose of this objective is to provide standardized preoperational and operational data to be used for estimating indices of abundance, as CPE, over time and space. However, possibility of bias toward given segments of the population has not been overlooked. If necessary, subsurface and midwater variable-mesh gill netting will be conducted at selected stations to provide additional quantification of relative trawl and gill net selectivity by development of gear and mesh selectivity curves (Lagler, 1971). Gear

- Surface and midwater trawls; exact specifications to be developed.
Zones - 9 subzones at two depths, forming basis for stratified random sampling design and/or paired treatment - control design. Zone A- near Olcott- centered on 10' (S), 30' & 

### 50' (S+M) contours Zone B - Somerset

- centered on 10' (S), 30' & 

### 50' (S+M) contours Zone C

- Thirtymile Pt -centered on 10' (S), 30' & 

### 50' (S+M) contours Effort

- 5-10 minutes, depending on results of pilot study. Parallel to shore with wind. Replicates - 4 per each subzone and depth. Schedule

- Monthly, March through December, weather permitting. Catch Treatment
- All species will be identified and counted. For target species identified in Table III.!, counts will be made by length classes with cut-off points based on speciesspecific age group size classes. Frequency of gas bubble disease (external symptoms) will be estimated by species, and


### 48

### representative subsamples will be retained (laboratory) analysis if 

### external symptoms occurfor internal on more than one (1) percent of the target species. External evidence will be recorded for any other species. Data Reduction and Statistical Analyses

- The catch data for each species will be compiled, reduced and presented, as a minimum, in the following ways:

o Basic tabulation of total catch per species by zone, depth, and time (Tables IV.B.3 and IV.B.4).

o Length-frequency tables and/or figures (Table IV.B.5; Figure IV.B.3)•

o Presentation of point (X) and interval (s2) estimates X 

### for CPE, computed as total numbers caught/total time fished.

o Factorial analysis of variance tests of the hypothesis that no differences in CPE and size distributions occur after operation of SSl. The interaction term of theANOVA or the difference between stations in the paired stations design will be used inprimary test statistics.

o One or two way ranking tables for application of non-parametric tests of differences among zones and/or time periods (Table IV.B.6). Non-parametric tests such as the median, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests require fewer assumptions about the frequency distributions of sample data and were shown by Gooch (1977) and Moyle and Lound (1959) to be satisfactory for analyzing gill net catch data with skewed distributions of catch per net. Skewed frequency distributions, particularly the negative binomial, are characteristic of trawl data (Moyle and Lound, 1959, Roessler, 1965; Clarke, 1974; Taylor, 1953; Motte and Iitaka, 1975). Linear transformations for these

49

### TABLE IV.B.3 TOtAL CATCH PEREFFORT BYMONTH BY STATION: ALEWIFE 

## SA.'1PLE MAX MIN STANDARD MONTH STATION SIZE MEAN NU!v'JBER NlJ!-1BEF. DEVIATION



# ------- ------ ------ ------ ---------

-- 

## 79 NOV OLCOrT 4 5.0 12.0 1.0 6.08 SOMERSET 4 3.8 15.0 1.0 4.66 THIF.TYMILE 4 5.1 15.0 1.0 5.28 80rEB OLCOTT 4 16.2 39.0 2.0 16.78 SOMERSET 4 11.2 68.0 1.0 20.77 THIRTYMILE 4 15.7 68.0 1.0 21.72 80MAn OLCOTT 4 19.0 75.0 2.0 31.45 SOMEI\

## SET 4 6.6 28.0 1.0 11.97 THIRTYMILE 4 15.5 75.0 1.0 25.70 80MAY OLCGrT 4 15.4 92.0 1.0 24.25 SOMERSET 4 15.3 92.0 1.0 24.25

- j 

## THIRTYMILE 4 12.1 65.0 1.0 17.79

-

# .

50V1 

### ,_ 

## STATION OLCOfT SOMERSET DEPTH 50S

THIRTYMIl:.E 11.0 TOTAL 11.0 

### TABLE IV.B.4 TOTAL CATCHPEREFFORTBY STATION BY DEPTH: ALEWIFE**50!~**



## 34.0 34.0 30S
65.0

8.0 

## 73.0 30M
8.0
65.0 

## 73.0 205 

## 128.0
105.0 

### 233.0 20M


## 2.0

2.0 

## 10S
105.0



## 96.0
201.0 TOTAL
308.0

96.0 223.0 627.0

### TABLE IV • B• 5 LENGTH FREQUENCIES (MM) BYDATEFOR ALEWIFE
LENGTH 50.0 55.0 90.0 95.0 110.0 115.0 120.0 125.0 130.0 135.0 DATE



# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80FEB 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80FEB 17 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80FEB 26 0 0 0 0 0 5 15 3 0 0 80MAR 06 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 V1 N 

### 80MAR 12 64 4 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 80MAR 20 0 3 0 0 0 1 .0 0 0 0 80MAR 21 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 80MAY 15 0 0 91 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 80MAY29 0 0 67 1 1 23 3 0 2 1 80MAY 30 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 72 8 158 3 8 32 19 4 2 2VI w 

### FIGURE IV.B.3 LENGTHFREQUENCY: WALLEYE



## LENGTH

300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 

## NUMBER 2 

### 3 

### 4 5 

# +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ = 

# !=================================== 

# •----------------------------------------------------------- ·----------------------------------------------------------- !=================================== I===========



# ·----------------------------------- ·----------------------------------- ·----------------------------------- 

# ·----------------------------------- !=========================================================== 

# •----------------------------------- ·----------------------------------- '=======================



# ----------------------------------------------- 

# -----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------

----------------------- 

# -----------------------

----------------------------------------------- 

# -----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- ·===========


# ·----------- ·----------- = 6,• \ TABLE IV.B.6 SAMPLE RANKS BY STATION FOR TRAWL DATA: ALEWIFE 

## STATION OLCOTT SCJ.1ERSET THIRTIMILE NUMBER RANK NUMBER RANK NUMBER RANK



# --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.0 1.00 

# . 

# . !1.0 

### 2.00 5.0 3.50 

# . 

# . 5.0 3.50 11.0 5.00



# . 

# . 1!1.0 6.00 15.0 8.00 

# . . 15.0 8.00 

# . . . . 15.0 8.00 18.0 10.50 

# . \ < 

# . . 18.0 10.50 21.0 12.50 21.0 12.50



# . . 25.0 14.00 29.0 15.50



# . . 29.0 15.50 38.0 17.00 51.0 18.00 

# . . 72.0 19.50 ! 

# . . 72.0 19.50 77.0 21.50 

# . . . . 77.0 21.50 79.0 23.00 

# . . 80.0 2!1.50 

# . . . . 80.0 24.50 86.0 26.00 

# . • 

# . • 

### 137.0 27.00 141.0 28.00 

# . . . . 143.0 29.00 / 

### 284.0 30.00 

## TOTAL

561.0 120.00 !109.0 140.00 694.0 205.00

54: T 

### distributions have been described for normalizing such data and making the mean independent of the variance for purposes of parametric analysis of variance and NYSEG will perform such analyses to determine which tests are to be preferred for analyzing Somerset data; ie, parametric or non-parametric. d. LITERATURE CITED Clark, SH. 1974. Astudy of variationintrawl data collected in Everglades National Park, Florida. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 103(4): 777-785. Gooch, B. 1977. The statistical analysis of gill net catches. Montana Dept. of Administration, Helena, MT. Unpub. MS, Sept. 1977, 65 P• 

### Lagler, KF. 1971. Capture, sampling and examinationof fishes. IN: W E Ricker, ed. Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters. IBP Handbook No. 3. Blackwell Scientific Pub., Oxford. p 7-44. Motte, G AandYIitaka. 1975. Evaluationof trawl performance by statistical inference of the catch. Fish. Mar. Tech., Univ. of R.I., Mar. Tech. Rept. No. 36. 21 p. Moyle, J 

### Band RLound. 1959. Confidence limits associatedwithmeans and medians of series of net catches. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 89(1): 53-58. Roessler, M. 1965. An analysis of the variability of fish populations taken by otter trawl in Biscayne Bay, Florida. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 94(4): 311-318. Taylor, C

# c. 1953. Nature of variability in trawl catches. 

# u.s. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 83, Vol. 54: 145-166.

55-"\ 

### 5• 0BJECTIVE 

### 115• To monitor bottom abundance of species most susceptible to power plant effects in Lake Ontario, in impact and control zones for SSl.

a.

b. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H ) (/SA: 0 

### CPE is not significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H ) 1/SB: Inequalities in CPE among zones are 0 

### not significntly different prior and subsequent to SSl operation. SAMPLING METHOD

- BarTOM, SMALL-MESH GILL NETS Rationale The program goals here are similar to those described for the trawl survey (Objective 114). For bottom fish, small mesh gill nets are a more reliable means of collection than otter trawls because of the difficulty of bottom trawling in Lake Ontario. The experimental gill net to be used in SSl monitoring is aimed at overcoming the well-known effects of mesh-size selectivity (Hamley, 

### 1975; Yeh, 

### 1977; Handford et al, 

### 1977) by incorporating a graded series ofmeshes. Gear

- Bottom gill nets 

### 150' in length; 

### 25' panels of 

### 3/4", 1", 1-1/4", 1-1/2", 2", and 

### 2 1/2" stretchmesh; 8' deep. Zones - 9 subzones forming basis for stratified random design and/or paired treatment - control design. Zone A -near Olcott- centered on 

### 10', 30', and 

### 50' contours. Zone B - Somerset

- centered on 

### 10', 30' and 

### 50' contours. Zone C

- Thirtymile Pt- centered on 

### 10', 30' and

### 50' contours. Effort

- Overnight, sunset to sunrise Replicates - 4 per each subzone. Schedule

- Monthly

- March throughDecember, weather permitting. Catch Treatment
- Similar to Objective 114.
56

### Data Reduction and StatisticalAnalyses

- Similar to Objective 114. d. LITERATURE CITED Hanley, J 

### M. 1975. Review of gillnet selectivity. J. 

### Fish.**Res~** 

### Bd. Can. 32(11): 1943-1969. Handford, P, GBell, and TReimchen. 1977. Agillnet fishery considered as an experiment in artificial selection. J. 

### Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34(7): 954-961. Yeh, CF. 1977. Relative selectivity of fishing gearused ina large reservoir in Texas. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 106(4): 309-313.

57' ' 

### 6. OBJECTIVE 

### 116. To monitor forage fish populations in impact and control zones for SSl.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 

### 116A: CPE**~s** 

### not significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 

### 116B: Inequalities in CPE among zones are not significantly different prior and subsequent to SSl operation. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: Evaluation of usefulness of DEC monitoring data in determining long-term trends in forage fish populations at SSl. b. TARGET SPECIES

- Alewife, rainbow smelt, and spottail shiner

c. SAMPLING METHOD

- TRAWLING Rationale

- The overall goal of this objective is to provide annual indices of population size and characteristics of forage spp. by the DEC method, and provide a basis for subsequent reliance on DEC indices and stock assessments. A secondary objective is to collect representative samples of target species for sex, age and growth analyses, (Obj. 

### 119 &

### 10). Gear

- 26 1 

### or 39 1 

### Yankee Bottom Trawl, contingent upon pilot study results (designed according to DEC specifications). Zones -Somerset (B), Thirtymile Point (C); 

### 30-50 1 , 

### dependent on suitability of bottom type. Effort

- 

### 30 minute effort, parallel to shore, with wind. Replicates - 4 per subzone. Schedule

- April, June, October; daytime; certain tows scheduled concurrently with DEC work.

58',



## _-, I Catch Treatment
- Similar to Objective 114, plus subsampling of target species for scales, exact lengths and weights of individuals, and determination of sex. Data Reduction and Statistical Analyses

- Similar to Objective 114. Additional analyses geared toward comparison of stock indices with DEC sample indices, and assessment of relative selectivity compared to small-mesh gill nets (Obj. 

### 115). Non-parametric tests of differences in distribution of sex and occurrence of disease will also be utilized to evaluate differences within zones among years.



### 59

### Replicates- 4 (2 each direction re. mesh). Schedule -August. Catch Treaenent
- Similar to Objective #6. Data Reduction and Statistical Analyses

- Similar to Objective 4fo6.



### 61

### 8. OBJECTIVE #8. To monitor Salmonid populations in impact and control zones for SSl.

a· NUU. HYPOTHESIS (H0) 1fo8A: 

### CPE is not significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 

### 1fo8B: Inequalities in CPE among zones are not significantly different prior and subsequent to SSl operation. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: Evaluation of usefulness of DEC monitoring data in determining long-term trends in salmonid populations at SSl. b. TARGET SPECIES

- Rainbow trout, brown trout, coho salmon

c. SAMPLING METHOD

- DEC GILL NET Rationale

- The overall goal of this objective is to provide annual indices of population size and characteristics of salmonid populations by the DEC method, and provide a basis for subsequent reliance on DEC indices and stock assessments. Methods, materials, and schedule will coincide with those of DEC so as to maximize utility of the data. Subsamples of salmonid target species captured by this method will be used in combination with target species caught by methods described in Objectives #6 

### & 7 to determine sex composition, age and growth (Obj. #9 

### &10). Gear

- DEC and FWS gill net: SO' panels of 

### 2, 2-1/2, 3, 3-1/2, 4, 4-1/2, 5, 5-1/2, and 6 inch stretchmesh (total=

### 450'). Zones
- Somerset (B), and Thirtymile Pt (C); as near to shore as possible, and perpendicular to shore. Effort

- Over-night, sunset to sunrise Replicates - 4 (2 each direction re. mesh) Schedule

- May. 

### 62Catch Treatment
- Similar to Objective #6. Data Reduction and Statistical Analyses

- Similar to Objective #6.



### 63

### 9. OBJECTIVE #9. To monitor sex ratio and fecundity (# eggs/female) in populations of target species collected from impact and control zones for SSl.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H ) #9a: The proportion (P) of males and 0 

### females captured per gear type is not significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 

### 119b: 

### Fecundity of target species is not significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) (f9C: 

### Inequalities in relative proportion of sex or fecundity in target species collected among zones are not significantlydifferent prior and subsequent to SSl operation b. SAMPLING METHODS

- DEC TRAWLS AND GILL NETS (Obj. #6-8) Rationale

- Sex ratio and fecundity are common elements of fish population study. Changes in these parameters are a function of intra-specific age, growth and mortality which may be related to environmental change and/or fishing pressure. The sex of fish collected in gill net and trawl surveys will be determined readily for adults during the spawning season based on external characteristics. At other times, sex of adults (and possibly some juvenile fish) will be determined from dissection and direct observation of the gonads. The number of eggs per female will also be estimated from a subsample ofmature females. Frequency
- Forage species

- April, June, October. Salmonids and "warmwater" species -May andAugust, respectively. Methodology - A subsample of the nine target species caught by DEC gill nets and trawls (Obj. #6-8) will be retained for laboratory examination. The number of fish per species to be retained for laboratory analyses will be determined in consultationwith DEC/PSC.

64Gonads will be examined directly by dissecting the individuals sampled. Fecundity expressed as the number of eggs per female per gram non-egg weight will be estimated annually by taking random samples (10 to 20 percent of volume or weight) from stratified sections (forward, mid, end) of each ovary collected in field surveys. recorded. Condition and stage of gonad development will also be

Data Reduction and Statistical Analyses

- The percentages of males and females will be estimated for impact and control areas. Statisticaltarget species from confidence levels (interval estimates) for proportions will be computed using the binomial method. Differences between impact and control areas will be determined using "t" test and Chi-square contingency table test. Point and interval estimates of total eggs/unit non-egg weight will be made, and differences noted in the "null hypothesis" will be tested by appropriate tools for statistical inference. Tables IV.B.7 and IV.B.8 illustrate basic formats for presenting the data on sex composition of target species.



### 65(J'\ (J'\ 

## ZONE OLCOTT SOME:RSET THIRTYMILE TOTAL TABLE IV.B.7 CONTINGENCY TABLE FOR SEX COMPOSITION BY ZONE 

## SEX FEMALE

30 60 40 

## 130 

## MALE
50 75 

### 40 165 

## TOTAL
80 135



## 80 295

### TABLE IV.B.B POINT AND INTERVALESTIMATES OF SEX COMPOSITION


## STATION OLCOIT SCMERSET THIRTYMILE POINT DATE PERCENT 95CL* PERCENT 95CL* PERCENT 95CL*



# -------------------------------------------------------------------------- APR 01 82 40. .39 16. .29 

## 13. .27 APR 08 82 51. .40 48. .40 63. .39 APR 1782 38. .39 56. .40 42. .39 APR 26 82 42. .39 52. .40 50. .40 MAY02 82 51. .40 33. .38 80. .32 MAY08 82 58. .39 18. •31 41. .39 MAY 1682 43. .40 26. .35 36. .38 MAY25 82 46. .40 52. .40 32. .37 • 

## JUN 03 82 21. .33 38. .39 84. .29 JUN 09 82 11. •25 21. -33 31• .37 JUN 18 82 24. .34 24. .34 54. .40 JUN 27 82 36. .38 63. .39 22. .33

* BINOMIALCONFIDENCE INTERVAL (PLUS/MINUS).

6710. OBJECTIVE #10. To monitor age and growth of target fish species from impact and control zones for SSl.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0 ) 1F!Oa: Proportions of different age groups captured per gear type are not significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H ) 1f10b: Growth rates of target species, as 0 determined by linear regression, are not significantly different among zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H ) 0 1F10c: Inequa

### 1ities in age class representation or growth rates among zones are not significantly different prior and subsequent to SSl operation. b. SAMPLING METHODS

- DEC TRAWLS AND GILL NETS (Obj. #6-8). Rationale

- Age and growth studies are essential for the study of fish population dynamics and evaluation of fishing mortality or removals by impingement and entrainment, and effects of long-term changes in habitat, water quality, or interspecific associations among fish and their prey. Study of age and growth is facilitated by the fact that annual growth increments are recorded on hard parts of the fishes body such as scales, bones, or spines (Carlander, 1977). Rile 0970) reviewed the history of**us~ng** scales to establish a body length to scale radius relationship for the purpose of back-calculating fish growth rates. As Rile (1970) and Carlander (1949, 1977) point out, however, the method is not without potential pitfalls. These include failure to select scales from the same part of the body (key scales) for each species; lack of appreciation for differences between sexes of the same species; and use of incorrect or non-representative body-scale relationships as the result of sampling bias or incorrect assumptions. The field programs presented**~n** Objectives 6 through 8, above, were designed to provide representative samples of target fish of all ages and sizes from which scale samples for growth rate calculations can be obtained. 68Scales have been commonly used to study age and growth of target species identified in Objectives #6-8. (1) Alewife

- Descriptions of alewife scales were presented by Cockerell (1913), Rothschild (1963), Norden (1967) and Kornegay (1978). Marcy (1969), Brown (1972), and Kornegay (1978) published the most recent accounts of alewife age and growth based on scale readings. Norden (1967) and Kornegay (1978) found close agreement in estimates of age composition based on scales and otoliths, but scales are much easier to use. The body-scale relationship has been described by Marcy (1969), Brown (1972), and Kornegay (1978) by a linear equation with a correction value (intercept or "a" value on the ordinate for total length). (2) Smelt The smelt scale structure and annuli characteristics were described by Bailey (1964), McKenzie (1958), and Rupp and Redmond (1966). Bailey (1964) studied age and growth of Lake Superior smelt using the scale method. The body-scale relationship was found to be linear, with an "a" value of about zero in this study. (3) Spottail shiner

- McCann (1959) studied age and growth of spottail shiners in Iowa using the scale method. A straight body-scale relationship with an "a" value of 14 mm was found in this study. Age and growth studies of spottail shiners have been uncommon historically. (4) Smallmouth bass

- The validity of annuli on smallmouth bass scales has been verified by Forney (1961), Latta (1957), Reynolds (1965), and Brown (1960). The body-scale relationship has usually been done on a direct proportion basis, often employing the correction factor "a" (Carlander, 1977). Everhart (1950) found a curvilinear

69

### relationship however, and Paragamian and Coble (1975) fitted the relationship using two straight line equations

- one for early growth (up to 145 mm) and one for growth thereafter. Growth rates of smallmouth bass have been related to pH and conductivity (Sullivan, 1956), which will bemeasured in this study according to Objective # 

### 1. (5) White perch

- Sheri and Power (1969a, 1969b) described scales of white perch taken from Lake Ontario, validated the method with tagging results. Marcy Richards (1974) also used the scale method to and and back calculate growth of white perch in the Connecticut River, finding a straight line body-scale relationship with r = 

### 0.91 and a = 

### 20. (6) Yellow perch

- Scott and Crossman (1973) indicate that in North America, ages have historically been determined from scale study. The method has been validated on yellow perch data by Jobes (1952) and Joeris (1957). (7) 

### Rainbow trout - The scale method has been used to age rainbow trout in a variety of habitats. Scott and Crossman (1973) indicate that growth varies considerably depending on area, habitat, life history type, and quantity and type of food. Most authors used the direct proportionmethod of determining growth rate (Smith, 1955; Carlander, 1969). Some authors have used the Fraser modification of the direct linear model incorporating an intercept value, _!, 

### ranging from 23-43 mm TL (Carlander, 1969). A curvilinear relationship was used by Sigler (1953). Descriptions and pictures of rainbow trout scales are presented by Benson, et al (1959); Sigler (1953); and Hartman (1959).

70(8) Brown trout
- Most studies of brown trout have been based on scale readings (Carlander, 1969). The direct proportion method dates back to 1910 (Kipling, 1962)' but correction factors (!_ value) or curvilinear fits may be better in cases where juvenile growth rates exceed adult growth rates. Scale descriptions and pictures have been published by Ball and Jones (1960) and Reimers et al (1955). (9) Coho

- Age and growth of coho will not be undertaken unless fish are unusually large. Most coho in Lake Ontario are of known age and their population in dependent on stocking. The goal of this program objective will be to describe the age composition of target species in impact zone, control zone, and impingement samples (Section V), and compare growth rates of target species among years and year classes. Frequency
- Forage species: April, June, October. Salmonids and warmwater species: May and August, respectively. Methodology Objectives #6-8 will provide scales, length, weight, and sex data for representative samples of target species captured by a variety of gears. To the extent that these gears undersample smaller size classes of fish, collections will be complemented with representative subsamples of fish from small-mesh gill netting (Obj. #5) and subsurface and midwater trawling (Obj. #4). Scales, size and identification will be contained in, or on, scale (coin) envelopes. Scales will be separated and cleaned for reading with a microprojector. Depending on the species, either acetate scale impressions (Smith, 1954) or glass slide mounts will be prepared. Magnification will be between 23 X and 84 X, also depending on species (hence size of scales).



### 71Age of each fish will be determined by counting annuli and adding 1 year for edge growth of fish caught after January 1. Finally, scale radii at each annulus and total scale radius will be measured in millimeters and recorded on data forms incorporating size and sex data.
Data Reduction and Statistical Analyses

- The age and growth data for each species will be reduced, analyzed, and presented in the following ways:

o Age

- frequency charts (Table IV.B.9)

- Differences in age composition among zones and years to be determined by 

### x2 analysis of contingency tables (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967).

o Age

- length keys (Table IV.B.lO)

- used to estimate age composition of the total catch, based on ageing of subsamples from that population and time period (Westrheim and Ricker, 1978).

o Body length-scale relationship (Figure IV.B.4)

- based on computerized curve fitting by least squares.

o Back

- calculated growth rates (Figure IV.B.S)

- size at annuli presented in table form with means and standard deviations per age and year class, and in chart form for illustrative purposes. Growth curves for males and females presented separately. Between years differences in growth rates of target species to be determined by analysis of covariance (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967). Size and age data may also be analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to establish differences in growth rates among year classes (Piehler, 1967).

72

### TABLE IV.B.9 LENGTH-AGE FREQUENCY FROM GILLNETS: YELLOWPERCH


## AGE GROUP II III IV 

# v VI 

## YEARCLASS 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 

## TOTAL TOTAL LENGTH AVERAGE INTERVAL LENGTH (M.'-1) (MM)



# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 300-349 321 5 2 7 350-399 385 3 15 10 1 29 400-449 412 1 20 35 28 10 94 450
..499 468 10 15 49 20 94 500-549 522 1 5 10 35 51 550-599 573 • 

## 5 15 20 

## TOTAL 9 48 65 93 80 295

73..• J

TABLE IV.B.lO AGE-LENGTH KEY: WALLEYE


## AGE I II 

## III IV 

## v VI LENGTH



# ----------------·---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

300.0 23.81 330.0 57.14 16.67 4.76 360.0 9.52 

# . 4.76 390.0 4.76 

# . 19.05

-...) 

### 420.0 4.76 

# . 33.33 12.50 

# . 12.50**~** 

### 450.0 

# . . 19.05 480.0 

# . 50.00 19.05 25.00 510.0 • 

### 22.22 • 

### 37.50 540.0 • 

### 11.11 • 

# . . 12.50 570.0 

# . . . 25.00 75.00 62.50 600.0 

# . 

# . . . 12.50**~** 

### 630.0 

# . . • • 

### 12.50 12.50 

## TOTAL 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00'-J V1 T 0 T A L L E N G T H M M 120

## + I I I I I I I I I I 100

## + I I I I I I I I I I 80

## +

I I I I I I 60

## + I I I I I I I I I I 110

## +

20

I I FIGURE IV.B.4 GROWTH BACK-<:ALCUIATION PLOT

L =A + B(SR)

0

## +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ 0 2 3 II 5 6 7 8 9 10 SCALF.**RAnTII~** (MM\

## 180

# + I I I I I I I I 

### 160 +

I I I I 

### 1!10 + I I I I I I I I 

### 120 +

I I 

## 100 + I I I I I I I I 

## 80 + 

## FIGURE IV.B.5 GROWTH CURVE BY

## YEAR-CLASS 1978 1979

------ 1980 -·-·-·-·-·-· 

## 1981

------



# -· ...,.-·**~-~·-** 

# -. .,.,.,., ,.

# . 

# -

. .,.,.,.,,.., 

# . ,.

# . ,..,.,.,.,., 

# , 

# . ,. 

# ,..,.,., 

# ,

# .., •,. ;' r 

# . ,. 

# ,. . ,. 

# ,. ,.

# , 

# . ,. 

# ,. ,. 

# .

,. 

# ,. ,.,.

# ,. 

# . ,.

# . ,.

# .,.;' 

# ,, ." 

# , 

# ., , 

# . 

# ., ,,. 

# ,

# ., , 

# ;; ,

.I , 

# , , ,·I/ ,·/ I ,./ I 

# ·'I/ .'J I 

# .'J I 

# .'l, ·'ll ·'II 

# 71
I 

# 'II 60 I

# '11 

# r I I I 

### I
40

# +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ 1 

### 2 

### 3 5 6 

## AGE 76 

### 7c. LENGTH

- WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS Rationale

- Length and weights of subsamples of target fish provided by Objectives /16-8 will be used to compute length-weight relationships by least squares regression of the log transformed variables. The length-weight relationship is a key component of fisheries population study and provides comparative data for assessing spatial and temporal differences in condition of fish about Somerset. Consequently, similar data from impingement collections (Obj. 1115) will be compared. Frequency
- Forage species: April, June, October. Salmonid and warmwater species: May and August, respectively.
Data Reduction and Statistical Analysis Length-weight relationships (Figure IV.B.6) will be determined by regression of log10 W on log10 TL. The same fish subsampled for age and growth determination will be used in these analyses. Sex, spatial and annual differences will be analyzed by analysis of covariance. Condition factor (K), based on the weight-length relationship W

## = aLb, will be computed within species, sex, zone, and season. Deviations from isometric growth (b 

## = 3) will be determined by statistical tests (t

- test) of the observed slope with the assumed value of 3.0. d. LITERATURE CITED Bailey, M M1964. Age, growth, maturity, and sex composition of the American Smelt, Osmerus mordax (Mitchill), of western Lake Superior. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 93(4):382-395. *Ball, J N, and J WJones. 1960. On the growth of the brown trout of LlynTegid. Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 134(1):1-41. *Original reference not obtained for this review.

77

### ..J

'-1 00 T 0 T A 

## u !J E N G T H M M 120 + I I I I I I I I 100 +

I I I I 80+
I I I I I I 60 +

I I 40 +

20 I I I I I I I I TOTALLENGTH MMLINE FIGURE IV.B.6 LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP: WALLEYE

L : A + B(SR) N=61 SB =X

5

0 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SCALE**~ADIUS** (MM)

### *Benson, NG, 0 BCope, and R VBulkley. 1959. Fisherymanagement studies on Madison River system inYellowstone National Park. Spec. Sci. Rept. USFWS, 307:1-29. *Brown, E MJr. 1960. Little Miami River headwater

- stream investigations. Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Div. Wildl. 1-143. Brown, E MJr. 1972. Populationbiology of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in Lake Michigan, 1949-1970. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 29:477-500. Bulkley, R

# v. 1960. Use ofbranchiostegal rays to determine age of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum). Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 89(4):344-350. Carlander, KD. 1949. Some considerations in the use of fish growth data based upon scale studies. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 79:187-194. Carlander, KD. 1969. Handbook ofFreshwater Fishery Biology

- Volume One. Iowa StateUniv. Press., Ames., Iowa. 752 P• 

### Carlander, KD. 1977. Handbook ofFreshwaterFisheryBiology- Volume Two. Iowa StateUniv• Press., Ames., Iowa. 431 P• 

### Cockerell, T DA. 1913. Observations onfish scales. Bull.

# u.s. Bur. Fish. 1912, 32:123-174. *Everhart, WH. 1950. Acritical study of the relationbetweenbody length and several scale measurements in the smallmouth bass. MicropterusdolomieuiLacepede. J. Wildl. Mgt. 14(3):266-276. *Forney, J L. 1961. Growth movements and survival of smallmouthbass (Micropterus dolomieui) in Onieda Lake, New York. N.Y. Fish. Game. 8(2):88-105.
*Original referencenot obtained for this review.
79

### *Hartman, WL. 1959. Biology and vital statistics of rainbow trout in the Finger Lakes region, New York. N Y Fish and Game J. 6(2): 204-237. Rile, R. 1970. Body-scale relation and calculationof growth infishes. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 99(3):468-474. Jobes, FW. 1952. Age, growth, and production of yellowperch inLake Erie. 

## u.s. Fish. Wild!. Serv., Fish. Bull. 70, Vol. 52:205-266. Joeris, L S. 1957. Structure and growth of scales of yellowperch of Green Bay. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 86:169-194. *Kipling, C. 1962. The use of the scales of the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) for the back-calculation of growth. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 27(3):304-315. Kornegay, J

# w. 1978. Comparison of ageing methods for alewife and blueback herring. N. Car. Dept. Nat. Res. and Comm. Devel., Div. Mar. Fish. Spec. Sci. Rept. No. 30, 51 P• *Latta, WC. 1957. The ecology of the smallmouth bass, Micropterus**~** 

### dolomieui Lacepede, atWaugoshance Point, Lake Michigan. PhD thesis, Univ. Mich. 114 p. Marcy, BCJr. 1969. Age determinations from scales ofAlosa pseudoharengus (Wilson) and Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill) in Connecticut waters. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 98(4):622-630. Marcy, BCJr, and FP Richards. 1974. Age and growthof the white perch Morone americana in the lower Connecticut River. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 103(1):117-120.
*Original reference not obtained for this review.

80

### McCann, J 

### A. 1959. Life history studies of the spottail shiner of Clear Lake, Iowa, with particular reference to some sampling problems. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 88(4):336-343. *McKenzie, RA. 1958. Age and growth of smelt, Osmerus mordax (Mitchill), of the Miramichi River, New Brunswick. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 15(6):1313-1327. Norden, CR. 1967. Age, growth, and fecundity of the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), in Lake Michigan. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 96(387-393). *Paragamian, VC, andDWCoble. 1975. Vital statistics of smallmouth bass in two Wisconsin rivers, and other waters. J. 

### Wild!. Mgt. 39(1):201-210. Piehler, GR. 1967. Age and growth of the common whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill), of northern Lake Michigan and Bay DeNoc areas. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, Mich., Unpub. MS Thesis. 94 p. 

### *Reimers, N, J 

### AMaciolek, andE P Pister. 1955. Limnological study of the lakes in Convict Creek Basin, Moro County, California. 

## u.s. Fish. Bull. 56(103):437-503. *Reynolds, J 

### B. 1965. Lifehistory of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede, in the Des Moines River, Boone County, Iowa. Iowa State J. 

### Sci. 39(4):417-436. Rothschild, BJ. 

### 1963. Acritique of the scalemethod for determining the age of the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 92:409-413.

*Original reference not obtained for this review.

81

### *Rupp, RS, and M ARedmond. 1966. Transfer studies of ecologic and genetic variation in theAmerican smelt. Ecol. 47(2):252-259. Scott, WB, and E J 

### Crossman. 1973. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Bull. 184, 966 P• *Sheri, AN, and GPower. 1969a. Annulus formationon scales of the white perch, Morone americana (Gmelin), in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 98(2):322-326. *Sheri, AN, andGPower. 1969b. Validation of the scalemethod and back calculations for estimating age and growth of white perch (Morone americana). PakistanJ. 

### Zool. 1(2):97-111. *Sigler, SB. FishLake. 1953. The rainbow trout in relation to the other fish in Utah StateAgric. Exp. Sta. Bull., 358: 1-26. *Smith, SB. 1955. The relation between scale diameter and body length of Kamloops trout, Salmo gairdnerii Kamloops. J. 

### Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 12(5): 742-753. Smith, SM. 1954. Method of producing plastic impressions of fish scales without using heat. Prog. Fish. Cult. 16(2):75-78. Snedecor, GW, and WGCochran. 1967. StatisticalMethods. Iowa State Univ. Press., Ames, Iowa. 593 p. *Sullivan, CR. 1956. Populationmanipulation studies onWest Virginia smallmouth bass streams. 

## w. Va. Cons. Comm., Final. Rept. Proj. F-1-R-(1-5). 53 P• 

### *VanOosten, J, 

### and PMEschmeyer. 1956. Biology of young lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan. Res. Rept. 

# u.s. Fish. Serv. 42:88 P•


### *Original reference not obtained for this review.
82

### Westrheim, SJ, 

### and WE Ricker. 1978. Bias inusing an age-length key to estimate age-frequency distributions. J. 

### Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35(2):184-189.

8311. OBJECTIVE 1111. To monitor abundance and community composition of ichthyoplankton and macrozooplankton in impact and control zones for SSl.



### a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 1111: Plankton densities and relative species abundance are not significantly different among zones. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: Estimation of offshore densities of ichthyoplankton and zooplankton through space and time. Characterization of species relative abundance. Evaluation of interactions of plankton densities with ,physico-chemical variables and, possibly, with year class success. b. SAMPLING METHOD

- TOWED NET Rationale

- The purpose of this program is to document changes in ichthyoplankton abundance which may be related to ambient physical parameters, macrozooplankton size composition, parental stock size, and SSl entrainment, which could conceivably be mainfested in young-of-the-year (YOY) and/or adult abundance in years Y

## + 1 to adult. The gear proposed for the plankton survey is a standard one meter net rigged with 202 u mesh for macrozooplankton and 505 u mesh for ichthyoplankton. This net and the respective meshes were chosen because they are commonly used for this type of application (Bowles and Merriner, 1978) and are very similar to the plankton gear used at other sites on Lake Ontario. The 202 u mesh net will collect all but the earliest stages of most of the more common and abundant macrozooplankton species. The 505 u mesh net will collect all the ichthyoplankton (eggs and larvae) except the youngest larval alewifes. The extent of larval loss will be determined by comparing larval density of alewife in selected subsets of the 202 and 505 u net samples.

84

### A flowmeter will be mounted**~n** 

### the**open~ng** 

### of each net. An electronic flowmeter will be mounted on the frame and a readout will be located on deck to ensure that the nets are towed at the specified speed. The electronic flowmeter will also serve as a check against the mechanical flowmeters in each net. Gear

- 1/2meter nets; 202 u and 505 umesh. Zones
- Olcott (A), Somerset (B), and Thirtymile Pt (C); Blocks centered on 25-30' contour; depth: 1 moff bottom to surface. Effort

- Five minute oblique tow and a minimum volume of 100m3 Replicates

- duplicate per zone per mesh**s~ze,** 

### night and day. Schedule

- April through mid-August; weekly (night); biweekly (day) Data Reduction and StatisticalAnalyses
0 

### Point (X) 

### and interval (s2) estimates of density X 

### UF/m3) of ichthyoplankton and dominant macrozooplankton species per sample set tabulated and plotted (eg. Figure IV.B.7).

o Cumulative frequency distribution function over time, by station.

o Dry weight of all macrozooplankton determined from subsample one 202 umesh net sample.

0 

### Length frequency distributions of ichthyoplankton subsamples by zone and week.

o Correlation of ichthyoplankton distribution and abundance with temperature and dominant species composition of the macrozooplankton community.

85FIGURE IV.B.7 ICHTHYOPLANKTON DENSITY BY DATE



### BARCHARTCF Sl.MS DENSITYSUM LLLLL LLLLL l.LLLL 30 + 

### LLI.LL LLil.L LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL LLLI.L l.LLU. 'Z7+ 

### LLLLL LLLLL**~** 

### LLLLL l.LLLL LLLLL l.LLLL LLW. LLLLL 211 + 

### LLLLL LU.l.L l.LLLL LLI.LL**~** 

### LLW. LLLI.L l.LLLL LLLLL LLLLL l.LLLL Ll.LLL LU.l.L LI..Ll.L I..LLLL LULL 

### LLLLL 21 + 

### LLLLL LLLI.L I..LLLL LLLLL**~** 

### LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL LLLLL l.LW. I..LI..LL I..LLLL LLI.LL LLI.LL EEEEE LLI..LL l.LLLL 18 + 

### LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE I..LLLL**~** 

### LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE LLLI..L 

### LLLI..L EEEEE EEEEE I..LLLL I.LLLL ,EEEEE EEEEE I..LI..LL 15 + 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE I..LLI..L EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE 12 + 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE**~** 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLI..L EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL 9 + 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLil. 

### I.LLLL**~** 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLI.LL LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE I.LLLL LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL LLLLL 6+ 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL I..LLLL EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL EEEEE , \ 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL EEEEE 3 + 

### EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL EEEEE F.EEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLLLL EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE EEEEE LLI..LL EEEEE



## ------------------------------------------------------------------------- A01 ADS A15 A22 A29 M06 DATE SYMBCLSTAGE SYMBCLSTAGE

E EGG L LARVAE



### 86r ' o Factorial analyses of variance tests of the null hypothesis: (interaction term of cross-classified ANOVA, or paired control-treatment differences).
d. LITERATURE CITED Bowles, R R and J VMerriner. 1978. Evaluation of ichthyoplankton gear used in power plant entrainment studies. In: Jensen, L. (Ed.), Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. E A Communications. Melville, NY p 33-43.

87I - j 

### 12. OBJECTIVE 1F12. 

### To monitor annual die-off of alewife within 9 km 

### of SSl in order to (1) 

### compare occurrence and extent at Somerset with that at control areas, and (2) determine the importance of impingementmortality relative to one form of natural mortality.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 

### 1f12A: Carcass counts along the beach are not significantly different among sampling zones. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) 

### #12B: Inequalities in carcass counts among zones are not significantly different prior and subsequent to SSl operation. b. TARGET SPECIES

- Alewife (and smelt or any other fish which experience mortality following winter).

c. SAMPLINGMETHOD

- BEACH (CARCASS) COUNTS Rationale

- The program is designed to (1) 

### provide statistical estimates of differences in extent of alewife die-off per zone and year; (2) provide a fairly long-term data base on alewife mortality which can be used for possible correlation with water quality, hydrological and/or meteorological data; and (3) enable NYSEG to compare one form of age-specific natural mortality with age-specific impingement mortality associated with SSl. The actual feasibility of conducting this program in the manner described below, however, will be determined in the initial (mobilization) phase of preoperational studies based on riparian ownership and/or beach access. Zones
- Somerset and east-west at distances of + 

### 1, 2-1/2, S, and 9 km 

### (total 9 stations) Effort One 120 m shoreline transect; 1 m 2 quadrat /30 m length; random starting point/transect. Schedule -March, April, May, June

88'**~** 1 Field Data
- Target spp/quadrat; size

- frequency by 10 mm classes; meteorological and sea - state observations, etc. Data Reduction and Statistical Analyses presented and analyzed as follows: The data will be



### - 2 o Point (X) and interval (s ) estimates of numbers of dead X fish per sampling zone;

o Two-way analysis of variance of numbers of target species/ quadrat by zone and sample week, where individual quadrat counts represent independent observations within cells of the statistical design.

o Once operation of SSl commences, the point and interval estimates of spring die-off may be compared against corresponding estimators of impingement rate at SSl and/or documented occurrences of large-scale current patterns and longshore transport processes.



### 89

### c 2 <- j

- j

.-' V. PUMPHOUSE MONITORING PROGRAMS A. Overview
The pumphouse monitoring programs have been designed to evaluate impingement and entrainment resulting from operation of the Somerset Station (SSl). Year 1 studies have four distinct objectives: (1) compliance with sampling requirements defined in 402 Permit Sections 

## B-6 and C-5, (2) determination of optimum sampling design for impingement and entrainment collections during Years 2-5 of operation, (3) examination of abiotic factors (including environmental conditions and plant operation mode) affecting impingement and entrainment rates, and (4) optimization of the traveling screen system to minimize organism damage and mortality (Section C-6). The requirements stipulated in Sections B-6, C-5 and C-6 provided the baseline (minimal) program design for impingement and entrainment collections, and comparative survival studies. NYSEG has expanded the programs in order to provide data bases which could support the subset comparisons necessary to define an optimal sampling design for Years 2-5 of SSl operation. Because results from analysis of Year 1 sampling programs will be most comprehensive and will be used to determine the sampling programs of subsequent years, Figure V.A.l presents the schedule applicable only for Year 1 collections. As discussed in Section IB, the terms impingement and entrainment as used in this document have been defined in terms of the Permit requirements. Impingement is used in reference to those organisms normally impinged on 9.5 mm mesh. Entrainment refers to those organisms passing through 9.5 mm mesh and is further partitioned into two size classes: those organisms passing through 9.5 mm mesh but impinged on 1.0 mm mesh and those passing through both mesh sizes.



### 90

### *wEEK I 2 3 4 511 2 3 411 2 3 4 11 2 3 4 511 23 41123 411 2 3 411 2 3 4 5112**~** 411 2 3 4 5 11 2 3 411 2 3 4 

### ,..

IMPINGEMENT: 1
..

### ••••••~•••••+••••••••••••••••••+••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••!•••••••

# ••••.t

IMPINGEMENT:

## 2**1~00**

## 00,0@@@,@@@@,@@**@0@,@@00~**

## GO

# •1!00**8~8809jf!000,8G0 00,~00010000** **~**

1-o 

# ....,

# .....,

# ....,

# ..... ENTRAINMENT:

## 3

# I•e • •

# •I••••I••••I•••e

# •I••••I••e

# •I••e• • e• ee eeeeeee e•1•eeeleeee 

# •••••••••••••••••• ENTRAINMENT:4 loo o o oIo o o oIo o o olo o o o oIo o o oloo o olo o o o Io o o o oIo o o oIo o o o o

### Io o o oIo o o o 

### OCT. NOV. 

## DEC. JAN. 

## FEB. MAlt APR. MAY JUN. JUL. 

### AUG. 

### SEPT. 1 COUNT OF ORGANISMS NORMALLY IMPINGED ON 9.5mmSCREEN; CONTINUOUS SAMPLING THROUGH YEAR 

### 1:2 HOUR SCREEN ROTATION PERIODS UNLESS OTHERWISE REQUIRED: OBJECTIVE 13 2 WEEKLY ESTIMATE OF ORGANISMS NORMALLY IMPINGEDON 9.5mm SCREENS: OBJECTIVE 14 

# * AGE ESTIMATE OF ORGANISMS NORMALLY IMPINGED ON 9.5mm SCREENS: OBJECTIVE 16 3 ESTIMATEOF ENTRAINMENT RATE (1.0**mm~**x<9.5mm) :OBJECTIVE 17 4 ESTIMATE OF BIOMASS ENTRAINED (<1.0mm): OBJECTIVE 18 FIGURE 'll'Al- 

### SCHEDULE: SSl IMPINGEMENT AND ENTRAINMENT (YEAR 1)The following describes the requirements detailed in Sections B-6, C-5 and C-6, then describes NYSEG's proposed program to comply with Permit stipulations.
B. Programs Under 402 Permit Section B-6 Section B-6 of the Permit describes requirements for the fish return and traveling screen systems. The fish return system, to be designed for year-round operation, is to release fish away from the influence of SSl intake and discharge, at a point closely isothermal to the intake flow. All pipe bends greater than 60° are to have a turning radius of 10 pipe radii. The design should also provide for sampling at the system's discharge ports. Currently, NYSEG has no program to evaluate survival of fish returned to the lake subsequent to entrainment into SSl but is keeping abreast of sampling techniques being evaluated at Niagara Mohawk's Oswego #6 Plant. When appropriate methods are developed, NYSEG will submit to the Board a sampling program to evaluate the SSl fish return system's effectiveness. That submittal will include description of sampling methodology, schedule, sample treatment and data analysis techniques. Although the Permit requires fine mesh (1 mm) screens only for the spawning season, NYSEG proposes to utilize fine mesh screens throughout the year, contingent upon operational limitations. The Permit further stipulates continuous operation of traveling screens for the spawning season (approximately 1 April

- 31 August) and rotation each 8 hours for the remainder of the year unless the number of forage or predator fish impinged over the hour exceeds 100 or 10 fish, respectively. At such a time, continuous operation for the next 

### 8 hours is required. (Table V.A.l indicates classification of species relative to the SSl impingement quotas.) The sampling program proposed by NYSEG in response to Permit B-6 requirements differs only in the frequency of screen rotation during the non-spawning season. For this period screens will be rotated every 2 hours and the number of fish which normally are impinged on the standard 9.5mm mesh will be estimated. The resulting data will provide a more
92

### TABLE V.A.l CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES RELATIVE TO IMPINGEMENT QUOTAS FOR SSl
Family Species F/P* Classification herring alewife F gizzard shad F salmon At!antic salmon p 

### brown trout p 

### rainbow trout p 

### chinook salmon p 

### coho salmon p 

### lake trout p 

### whitefish lake herring F lake chubs F lake whitefish p 

### smelt rainbow smelt F suckers white sucker F golden redhorse F minnows carp F goldfish F longnose dace F emerald shiner F spottail shiner F spotfin shiner F catfish brown bullhead p 

### channel catfish p



### * F

## =forage; P

## =predator



### 93

### TABLE V.A.l (Cont'd)
Family Species F/P* Classification cod American burbot p 

### troutperch troutperch F 

### bass white bass p 

### white perch p 

### perch yellowperch p 

### walleye p 

### johnny darter F blue gill p 

### sunfish smallmouth bass p 

### pumpkinseed p 

### rock bass p 

### largemouth bass p 

### drum freshwater drum p 

### sculpin mottled sculpin F 

### slimy sculpin F stickleback threespine stickleback F

* F forage; P

## =predator

94accurate estimate of the true hourly impingement than that resulting from 8 hour intervals required in the Permit. These data will also be analyzed to determine the optimal sampling method to estimate weekly impingement rates (Years 2-5). C. Programs Under 402 Permit Section C-5 Sampling programs defined under 402 Permit Section C-5 relate to both impingement and entrainment. Impingement program requirements include (1) weekly monitoring of fish density, (2) post-impingement survival studies to be conducted seasonally and (3) age-frequency analysis of a subsample of impinged fish which is to be conducted twice a year. The weekly monitoring design must be adequate to describe diel periodicity in impingement rates. The outlined entrainment program requires two different efforts partitioned by season: from 1 April through 31 July collections are to be made three days each week; for the remainder of the year, collections are required one day per week. For the period of more intensive sampling effort, the design should adequately describe diel periodicity in entrainment rates. Entrained vertebrates are to be identified and measured at each collection period. Survival studies (of entrained vertebrates) are to be conducted seasonally. Total dry weight of invertebrates is to be estimated weekly. The weekly impingement program defined in 402 Permit Section C-5 requires impingement collections over a single, continuous 24 hour period each week. However, because impingement is subject to daily and seasonal change, as well as random variation, it is hypothesized that weekly collections determined by a stratified random sampling design will facilitate more accurate estimation of weekly impingement rates than collection over a single, continuous 24 hour period in the week. To test this hypothesis, a comparison of weekly estimators derived from the single 24 hour collection and a collection scheme based on a stratified random design will be made on Year 1 impingement data. Results may then be compared to the total numbers of fish impinged per week as determined from the B-6 phase of impingement collections. If the hypothesis is supported by these comparisons, a stratified random sampling design will be proposed for weekly impingement collection during Years 2-5.


### 95D. Programs Under 402 Permit Section.C-6 Program requirements under 402 Permit Section C-6 are designed to evaluate variable traveling screen hardware and operating conditions of SSl to maximize survival of aquatic biota taken into the plant pumphouse. Variables which can be modified and will be evaluated in these studies include: time interval between screen rotations, pressure of the screen spray wash and spray nozzle angle of orientation to the screens (9). Each of these components may significantly modify survival of organisms following impingement. The studies outlined below (Objective 1120) will be used to optimize SSl hardware and operating conditions to maximize plant efficiency and impingement survival. The principal method of evaluation will involve a series of paired comparisons in which paired traveling screens will be operated under different conditions. The homogeneity of the rate of impingement on traveling screens which are paired will be determined by comparing impingement rates with identical operating conditions prior to each test series. Comparisons between screens will utilize standard t-tests. Subsequent experimental differences tested will include: 1 vs 2 hours between screen rotations; low vs high pressure of screen wash sprays; and a range of angles between the spray wash nozzles and traveling screen (approximately 0°**~** 9**~** 90°,). All comparisons will be made seasonally. Evaluation of each variable will be conducted independently; that is, paired screens will differ in terms of a single variable. Criteria for optimal hardware and operating conditions will be minimization of both instantaneous and delayed mortalities resulting from each operating condition. The special case of screen wash pressure effectiveness will also involve comparison of relative removal (ratio of fish washed into sluiceway of fish return system: fish washed into debris basin). After determining the optimal condition for operation of each individual factor, further refinement (on a seasonal basis) can be achieved with minor modifications. Data obtained from similar studies will also be used to demonstrate optimized design and lowest impact operation. The following objectives describe NYSEG'S proposed programs to respond to Permit Sections B-6, C-5 and C-6. 

### 961. 

### OBJECTIVE 

### 1113. To monitor impingement rates of forage and predator fish normally impinged on a 9.5 mm mesh screen at SSl during Year 1 of commercial operation.

a. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: To quantify total impingement occurring duringYear 1 of SSl operation. b. SAMPLING DESIGN AND SAMPLE TREATMENT

- Impingement samples will be collected every two hours through Year 1 of SSl operation. Impinged fish will be enumerated by species for each two hour period. If the hourly rate of impinged forage or predator fish exceeds the quotas outlined in the Permit, screen operation will be continuous. Supplemental observations to 

### be recorded with each sample include: weather conditions, water temperature, turbidity and the number of circulating water pumps operating.

c. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

- Table V.B.l is the proposed format for presentation of daily impingement data. The average from 2 hour impingement collections will be computed to 

### determine compliance with SSl forage and/or predator quotas (100/hr and 10/hr, respectively).

97

### TABLE V.B.l DAILY IMPINGEMENT BY 2HOUR INTERVALS: FISH DENSITY


## DATE: MARCH 15 1983 

## WE.ATHER: RAIN NUMBER Of

## CIRCULATINGPUMPS OPERATING: 3 

## TURBIDITY: 30 

## PERIODOF ROTATION: 60

## MINUTES TIMF.



### 00-02 02-04 04-06 06-08 03-10 10-12 12-14 14-16 16-18 18-20 20-22 22-00 

## TOTAL SPECIES



# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------**~** 

## ALEWIFE 13.0 82.0 69.0 

# . 50.0 57.0 17.0 43.0 88.0 

# . 32.0 193.0 644.0 

## RAINBCM SMF.LT 

# . . 27.0 11.0 

# . 6.0 

# . 2.0 32.0 

# . 

# . 2.0 80.0 

## SPOTTAIL SHINER 8.0 5.0 • • • 

### 4.0 

# . 4.0 14.0 

# . . 5.0 40.0 

## *TOTALFORAGE 21.0 87.0 96.0 11.0 50.0 67.0 17.0 49.0 134.0 

# .o 32.0 200.0 764.0 

## BROWNTROUT 2.0 

# . 14.0 

# . 1.0 10.0 

# . . 2.0 2.0 

# . 3.0 34.0 

## COHOSALMON 

# .o 1.0 17.0 

# . 3.0 10.0 9.0 

# . 2.0 

# . . 14.0 56.0 

## LAKE TROUT 6.0 4.0 20.0 5.0 

# . 13.0 

# . • 

### 6.0 9.0 11.0 4.0 78.0 

## SMALLMOUTH BASS 5.0 9.0 

# . 12.0 •. 

### 5.0 

# . . 23.0 • • 

### 12.0 66.0 

## WHITE PERCH 3.0 

# . 8.0 8.0 

# . 7.0 

# . 3.0 2.0 

# . 4.0 3.0 38.0 

## YELLOW PERCH 1.0 

# . . 19.0 • 

### 16.0 16.0 9.0 32.0 

# . . 15.0 108.0 

## *TOTAL PREDATOR 17.0 14.0 59.0 44.0 4.0 61.0 25.0 12.0 67.0 11.0 15.0 51.0 380.0 

## TOTAL 38.0 101.0 155.0 55.0 54.0 128.0 42.0 61.0 201.0 11.0 47.0 251.0 1144.02. OBJECTIVE #14. To estimate weekly rate of fish impinged on a 9.5 mm mesh screen and to determine an optimal sampling design for Years 2-5.



### a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0#)14: Impingement rates are not significantly different among 2-hour sampling periods. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: To estimate weekly impingement rate through the first 5 years of SSl operation, to determine optimal sampling methods for Years 2-5 weekly estimates and to evaluate physico-chemical parameters affecting rates of impingement. b. RATIONALE Impingement is a complex phenomenon which is influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. Species (and age classes within species) exhibit marked differences in susceptibility to impingement (Tathum et al, 1978). Seasonal fluctuations in impingement rates have been documented by several investigators (Eisele and Malaric, 1978; Lifton and Storr, 1978) and reported in utility environmental reports. These fluctuations have been attributed to a number of factors including: variable physiological response to water characteristics, particularly ambient temperature; and the spatial distribution of species within the water body and water column which varies as the result of environmental and physiological conditions through time. Vertical migration and diel on-shore/off-shore movements alter susceptibility to the plant intake over shorter time intervals. Transitory weather conditions also correlate with impingement rates as evidenced by Lifton and Storr, (1978) who observed species-specific responses in impingement studies conducted in Lake Ontario. Smelt impingement was significantly influenced by sky cover and precipitation; alewifes exhibited increased susceptibility to impingement as wind speed and wave height increased. In order to address these environmental factors over the year, a range of biological data and physical parameters will be measured in conjunction with weekly impingement collections: total numbers of fish impinged by species, water temperature, turbidity and weather conditions.

99c. SAMPLE DESIGN

- Weekly estimators of the number of fish impinged will be determined from two separate subsampling designs: 12-two hour samples collected consecutively, and 12-two hour samples distributed through the week in a stratified design (Figure V.C.1)• Data recorded will include: number of individuals per species, water temperature, turbidity, weather conditions and number of circulating water pumps operating. Data format of Fesults are shown inTable V.C.l. For the weekly estimates, only organisms normally impinged on the 9.5 mm mesh will be sampled and enumerated. d. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

-

o To test null hypothesis 1114A, nested analysis of variance will be performed with levels representing numbers of impinged fish over hours, days, and weeks. Separate analyses will be performed on impingement data for individual species which dominate the samples.

o To determine the sampling design which best estimates weekly impingement, weekly estimators (and variances) from the two subsampling programs will be compared to the parameter (and variance) of impinged fish determined in Objective 

### 1113.

o The optimal allocation formula will be determined on the basis of results from the above comparisons and costs associated with t.he two weekly subsampling programs. It is hypothesized that weekly impingement estimates derived from stratified systematic sampling will be more accurate than estimates calculated from samples over a single 24 hour period per week because stratified sampling tends to account for variations in weather, water temperature fluctuations, and modifications in power plant capacity (Murarka, et al 1978; Kumar and Griffith, 1978).



### 100...... 0

...... 

### HOURS MONDAY TUESDAY 

### 2400-0200 0200-0400 

# 0 0 0400-0600 0600-0800 0800-1000 1000-1200 

# 0 0 1200-1400 1400-1600 1600-1800 1800-2000 

# 0 0 2000-2200 2200-2400

FIGURE V.C.l WEEKLY IMPINGEMENT SAMPLING DESIGN I 

### WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 

# • eo 0 

# • • • • 0 0 

# • • I 

# • I 

# • 0 0 

# • • SAMPLING DESIGN: CONSECUTIVE SAMPLING

# • STRATIFIED SAMPLING 

## @""'



## TABLE V•C• 1 WEEKLYIMPINGEMENT: FISH DENSITY SPECIES: FORAGE WEEKOF: JUNE 3 1985 WEATHER: CLEAR TURBIDITY: 30

PERIODOF ROTATION: 60MINUTES METHOD 1 2 DAYM T 

# w TH F 

## SA 

## su M T 

# w TH F 

## SA 

## su TIME



# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00-02 

# .o .o 

# . 38.0 

# .o .o .o .o .o 

# . • 

# .o .o .o 02-04 

# . . . 101.0 

# . . • ?



### ..... 

## 04-06 47.0 11.0 24.0 47.0 26.0 0 

# . 

# . • 

# . . • 

# . . N 

## 06-08 

# . . 55.0 08-10 

# . . 54.0 10-12 

# . • 

## 20.0 

# . • 

# . . 47

# .o 

# . 20.0 21.0 

# . 20.0 12-14 

# . . 42.0 14-16 

# . 

# . 61.0 16-18 

# . . 66.0 

# . . . 

# . 21.0 

# . 31.0 17.0 

# . 66.0 18-20 

# . . 11.0 20-22 

# . . 47.0 22-00 

# . . 30.0 

# . . . 

# . 9.0 

# . 54.0 101.0 

# . 57

# .o TOTAL 

# .o .o 386.0 186.0 

# .o .o .o 88.0 

# .o 129.0 186.0 

# .o 169.0 

# .o

### o Correlation analysis will test the relationship between the number of fish impinged (per 2 hour collection period) and weather conditions, water temperature and number of pumps operating for the sample.

e. LITERATURE CITED Eisele, PJ and J F Malaric. 1978. Conceptualmodel of causal factors regarding gizzard shad runs at steamelectric power plants. In: L DJensen (Ed), FourthNational Workshop onEntrainment and Impingement. EA Communications. Melville, New York. pp 241-298. Kumar, K DandJ SGriffith. 1978. Temporally stratified sampling programs for estimation of fish impingement. In: L D Jensen (Ed), Fourth Nationa! Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. EA Communications. Melville, New York. pp. 281-289. Lifton, WSandJ F Storr. 1978. The effect of environmental variables on fish impingement. In: L DJensen (Ed), Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. EA Communications. Melville, New York. pp 299-313. Murarka, I P, SASpigarelli and D J Bodeau. comparison and choices of sampling impingement at cooling water intakes. National Workshop on Entrainment 1978. Statistical design for estimating fish In: L DJensen (Ed), Fourth and Impingement. EA Communications. Melville, NewYork. pp. 267-280. Tathum, TR, D LThomas and G J Miller. 1978. Survival of fishes and macroinvertebrates impinged at OysterCreek generating station. 1978. In: L D Jensen (Ed), Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. EA Communications. Melville, NewYork. pp235-244.

1033. OBJECTIVE #15•. To monitor weight and length frequencies, sex composition and condition of fish normally impinged on a 9.5 mm mesh screen during Years 1-5 of SSl operation.



### a. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: To describe plant impingement in terms of weight, length, sex and condition of fish impinged. Comparison of these variables determined from impingement and offshore collections ' will be conducted on a species-specific basis. b. TARGET SPECIES

- Alewife, smelt, spottail shiner, rainbow and brown trout, coho salmon, yellow and white perch, and smallmouth bass.



### c. SAMPLING DESIGN Individuals impingement collections will from a subsample be examined for attributes: length, weight, sex, and condition. of the weekly the following

Schedule

- Weekly through Year 1; thereafter, keyed to Objectives #9 and 10 (Section IV.B). d. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

- Contingency tables (X2) will be used to compare pumphouse and waterbody length and agefrequencies of target species. Length-weight relationships (Obj. #10) and condition factors of impingement subsamples will also be compared by analysis of covariance and/or t-tests of differences inK (condition factor based on isometric growth where "b", the slope of the length-weight equation equals 3.0). Sex ratios of 'impinged species will be estimated and compared to offshore collection ratios (contingency tables). Proposed format for presentation of results are found in Tables IV.B.5, IV.B.7, and

# v.c.z.

104,..J

TABLE v.c.2 

### LENGTH COMPOSITION OF IMPINGEMENT COLLECTIONS



### DATE: JULY 22 1986 WEATHER: CLEAR WATERTEMPERATURE: 20 TURBIDITY: 12 NO. CF PUMPS OPERATING: 3 

### SCREENROTATION PERIOD: 20MINUTES
LENGTH 50.0 SPECIES 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 TOTAL



# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ALEWIFE 241 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 308

...... 0 V1 

### BLUEGILL 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 BROtlNBULLHEAD 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 CARP 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 5 0 0 11 GIZZARDSHAD 0 0 0 14 22 22 15 17 0 0 0 0 

### 90 LAKE TROUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 0 0 130 NORTHERN PIKE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 PUMPKINSEED 0 30 0 0 0 

## 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 WALLEYE 0 0 0 0 0 7 10 12 9 

### 12 13 5 68 WHITECRAPPIE 0 8 0 0 0 

### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 WHITESUCKER 0 0 

### 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 YELLOfl PERCH 0 0 68 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1784. OBJECTIVE #16: To monitor age distribution of fish normally impinged on a 9.5 mm mesh screen during Years 1-5 of SSl commercial operation.

a. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: To describe plant impingement in terms of age of fish collected. Age distributions from the impingement collections will be compared to age distributions determined from offshore collections on a species-specific basis. b. TARGET SPECIES

- Alewife, smelt, spottail shiner, rainbow and brown trout, coho salmon, yellow and white perch and smallmouth bass.

c. SAMPLING DESIGN - A subsample of the weekly impingement collections will be aged by counting annuli on scales taken from target species (Objective 1110). Schedule

- April, May, June, August and October. d. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. Contingency tables (X2) will be used to compare age frequencies of target species collected in impingement and waterbody studies.

106

### 5. OBJECTIVE 

### 1117. To estimate entrainment rates of ichthyoplankton and macroinvertebrates (1.0 mm ( x

# <9.5 mm) through SSl in Year 1 and to determine optimum sampling design for Years 2-5.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0

### )/117: Densities of organisms entrained (1.0 mm**~** 

### x<9.5mm) are not significantly different among sampling periods. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE: To estimate rate of entrainment of ichthyoplankton and macroinvertebrates passing through 9.5 mm mesh and retained on 1.0 mm mesh, to determine optimal sampling inYears 2-5 and to evaluate physico-chemical variables affecting these rates. b. RATIONALE Entrainment, like impingement, is a highly complex phenomenon which is influenced by a number of biotic and abiotic factors. Seasonal variability (as observed by Evans et al, 1978) is clearly the result of seasonal occurrences of zooplankton life stages and fish larvae, whereas diel variability in all probability reflects differential susceptibility to passive entrainment due to spatial distribution in the water column (King, 1978). The overriding goals of this objective are three fold: 1) to document entrainment rates, 2) to determine which physical factors significantly affect the rate of entrainment and 3) to establish the optimal sampling design for Years 2-5 collections.

c. SAMPLING DESIGN AND SAMPLE ANALYSIS

- Entrainment collections will be made directly off the traveling screens. Collections will be washed through graded meshes to separate large organisms, normally impinged on the 9.5 mm mesh screens. The collection schedule is based on two sampling designs: die! collections with replication, and consecutive samples over a single 24 hour period. During the period of maximum ichthyoplankton and macroinvertebrate abundance (1 April-31 August) die! samples will be taken three days a week, in triplicate. The continuous collection over a single 24 hour period will coincide with the die! collection one day a week for this period. During September, weekly collections (1 per week) will be made and for the remainder of the year (1 August through 31 March) die! samples (triplicate) will be collected bimonthly. A schematic of the weekly entrainment collections is presented inFigure V.C.2. 107...... 0 00 

### HOURS MONDAY TUESDAY 2400-0200 0200-0400 0400-0600 0600-0800 0800-1000 

# ••• 

# • ••

- 

### 1000-1200 1200-1400 1400-1600 1600-1800 1800-2000 

# ••• 

# ••• 2000-2200 2200-2400



### FIGURE V.C.2 WEEKLY ENTRAINMENT SAMPLING DESIGN 

# i J 

### WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 

# • I 

# • I I 

# • • I 

# •••• @@@ 

# •
I 

# • I I 

# • •

- 

# J 

# •

# ••• @@@ I 

# • • SAMPLING DESIGN : CONTINUOUS: 1APRIL- 

### 31 JULY

# • OIEL : 1APRIL

### -31JULY • DIEL:1AUGUST-

### 31 MARCH 

# @Supplemental observations at the time of sample collection will include: water temperature, turbidity, weather conditions and number of circulating water pumps operating. Subsample analysis will involve identification and enumeration of all ichthyoplankton and macroinvertebrate species collected. The format for data presentation is shown in Table V.C.3. d. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

-

o Preliminary data reduction will convert subsample counts (per species) into density estimates per m3 of water entrained and total numbers screened per time interval.

o To test null hypothesis #17, nested analysis of**var~ance** will be performed on the density estimates. Levels for the analysis will include period of day, days, and weeks.

o Correlation analysis will examine the relationship of density of organisms entrained with water temperature, turbidity, weather conditions, and number of circulating water pumps operating.

o To determine the optimal sampling design, estimated entrainment rates from the two sampling designs (over the same 24 hour period) will be compared. Results will determine the sampling design utilized Years 2-5.

e. LITERATURE CITED Evans, M

## s, BE Hawkins and T E Wurster. 1978. Effects of the Donald C Cook nuclear power plant on zooplankton of southeastern lake Michigan. In: L D Jensen (Ed), Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. New York. pp 125-140. EA Communications. Melville,
King, R

### G. 1978. Entrainment of Missouri River fish larvae through Fort Calhoun Station. In: L D Jensen (Ed), Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. Melville, New York. pp 45-56. 109 EA Communications.

### J

I-' I-' 0 SPECIES DAY 1 TABLE V.C.3 WEEKLY ENTRAINMENT BY DAY BY**RE~LICATE:** DENSITY DIELSl\UPLING DESICN**(~J:PLICATE)** (NUMBER/M3)

WEEK: JUNE 5 1986 WATER TEMPERATURE: 22 C WEATHER:SUNNY TURBIDITY: 30 NUMBER OF PUMPS OPERATING: 3

2 3 REPLICATE 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 TOTAL



## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ALEWIFE 5 3 2 9 11 1 6 0 0 37 GIZZARD SHAD 0 0 9 6 0 9 13 1 1 39 LAKE TROllf 0 2 0 6 3 

# . 3 3 0 17 SPOTTAIL SHINER 1 1 1 1 7 7 4 

# . 0 22 YELL<lol PERCH 9 1 1 7 0 6 4 5 1 34 *TOTAL 15 7 13 29 21 23 30 9 2 149 GAMMARUS 4 9 6 3 1 2 1 3 1 30 OTHER MACROINV. 1 4 3 10 0 9 13 15 2 57 *TOTAL 5 13 9 13 1 11 14 18 3 87 TOTAL 20 20 22 42 22 34 44 27 5 2366. OBJECTIVE #18. To estimate weekly entrainment rates of organisms C<l.O mm) through SSl, Years 1-5.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) #18A: Densities of organisms C<l.O mm) entrained through SSl are not significantly different among sampling periods (weeks).
NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) #18B: Densities of organisms C< 1.0 mm) entrained through SSl are independent of water temperature (intake), turbidity and number of pumps operating. b. RATIONALE

- See Objective #17.

c. SAMPLING DESIGN AND SAMPLE ANALYSIS

- Weekly collections will be netted or pumped from the forebay in front of the traveling screens. A high volume pump will be used to run the 24-hour collection through a series of 9.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 303 u and 202 u meshes placed over collection and overflow vessels, or nets of appropriate mesh size will partition the size classes. Total dry weight from the finest mesh (202 u) will analyzed weekly. A subsample from the 202 u mesh will be retained for potential species identification. Collections from size classes <1.0 mm will also be retained. Supplemental observations at the time of sample collection will include: water temperature, turbidity, weather conditions and number of circulating water pumps operating. d. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

o Preliminary data reduction will convert sample data into total dry weight per

## m3.

o To test null hypothesis #18A ANOVA will be used on converted data.



### 111o To test null hypothesis #18B, correlation anaylsis will examine the dry weights entrained vs the water temperature, turbidity, weather conditions and number of circulating water pumps operating during the collection period.

1127. OBJECTIVE 1119: To monitor survival of organisms (size classes 1.0 mm**~**x 

# < 9.5 mm and**~** 9.5 mm) entrained into SSl intake. (See related studies defined in Objective 1120).

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0)1119: Survival of organisms entrained through SSl is not significantly different among species, among size-classes (length and weight), among seasons and between sexes. b. RATIONALE

- Survival subsequent to impingement is affected by many of the biological and environmental factors which determine initial susceptibility to intake entrainment and impingement (Tathum et al, 1978; Eisele and Malaric, 1978; Loar et al, 1978). Additionally, several variables in plant hardware and operation may significantly modify survival of fish subsequent to impingement (Objective 1120),. This objective is designed to evaluate seasonal variations in survival of both the 1.0 mm

### ~x

# <9.5 mm and

### ~9.5 mm size classes, as well as differential survival among species, age classes and sexes. (Mortality of organisms entrained through the cooling water system, the<1.0mm size class, is assumed to be 100%.) While this objective is designed to comply with Permit requirements defined in Section C-5, it is intimately coupled with Objective 1/20 which responds to Permit Section C-6. Monitoring of impingement and entrainment survival will necessarily coincide with empirical modifications to the traveling screen system operation which will be used to determine operating conditions which maximize survival. The frequency of survival studies will be the function of impingement and entrainment rates at SSl, and can be determined only after operation has started. Consequently, while NYSEG is reluctant .to stipulate a fixed nmnber (of organisms impinged) which will trigger post-impingement/entrainment survival studies, collections will be made frequently enough to provide a realistic picture of variations in post-impingement/entrainment survival by species, age-length, sex of organism and season. While data will be partitioned by season, it should be pointed out that periods of high impingement or entrainment (and representative species collected during these periods) will inevitably be "better represented" or weighted in the year's cumulative data. 

### 113/ c. SCHEDULE The Permit requires seasonal monitoring or organism survival. NYSEG intends to conduct survival studies throughout the year (ie, more frequently than seasonal), in conjunction with traveling screen system optimization studies described in Objective #20 (See RATIONALE, this Objective). d. TARGET SPECIES

- Alewife, smelt, spottail shiner, rainbow and brown trout, coho salmon, yellow and white perch and smallmouth bass.

e. SAMPLE TREATMENT

- Organisms impinged onto the fine mesh traveling will be separated into two size classes: organisms normally impinged on the 9.5 mm mesh and those passing through 9.5 mm mesh but impinged on 1.0 mm mesh. (Data from the size class passing through the fine mesh will be utilized in Objective #17.) Throughout the year fish impinged will be separated by species, by size class(es) and retained in holding tanks in the pumphouse laboratory facility. Appropriate numbers of fish per tank (by volume), flow rate through the tanks and aeration rates will be determined on the basis of bioassay techniques developed by Sprague (1969). Where impingement collections provide organisms, replicate tests will be run. of individual fish will be recorded. adequate numbers of assay Length, weight and condition Cumulative mortality will be assessed at t 

## = 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours subsequent to impingement.

e. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

- Mortality rates will be compared among assay times (by species, by size class) to differentiate instantaneous and delayed mortalities (Tables V

## .c.4)• Seasonal variations in survival will be evaluated by analysis of variance.

114-' 

### TABLE v.c.4 

### POST-IMPINGEMENT SURVIVAL


## SPECIES: WALLEYE SIZFCLASS: 10-50MM WEATilER: CLEAR WATERTEMPERATURE: 22 TURBIDITY: 30 NO. Of

## PUMPS OPERATING: 3 SCREENROTATION PERIOD: 60MINUTES
REPI..ICATE ONE TWO PERCENT CUMULATIVE PERCENT CUJ-1ULATIVE HOURS MORTALITYPERCENT MORTALITYPERCENT



# --------------------------------------------------- 00 6.2 6.2 01 18.9 18.9 02 29.0 47.9 04 10.3 58.1 08 10.1 68.2 12 23.9 92.1 41.2 47.5 24 7.9 100.0 7.7 55.2 48 11.8 67.0 96 33.0 100.0

115

### f. LITERATURE CITED King, LR, J BHutchinson, Jr and T GHuggins. 1978. Impingement survival studies in white perch, striped bass and Atlantic tomcod at three Hudson River power plants. In: L R Jensen (Ed). Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. E ACommunications. Melville, NewYork. pp 217-234. Loar, J M, J SGriffith and K DKumar. 1978. An analysis of factors influencing the impingement of threadfin shad at power plants in the southeastern United States. In: L R Jensen (Ed). Fourth Nationa! Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement. E A Communications. Melville, New York. pp 245-256. Sprague, J B. 1969. Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish

- I. Bioassaymethods for acute toxicity. Water Research 3: 798-821.

116. J

. j**{_~**

l 8. OBJECTIVE 1120: TQ optimize survival of organisms impinged and/or entrained through SSl, Years 1-5.

a. NULL HYPOTHESIS H 0 1120: Survival of organisms entrained through SSl (partitioned by species, by season) is not significantly different among screen rotation periods; among spray pressures; anti angles of nozzle orientation to the traveling screens (9)• b. RATIONALE

- This objective is designed to optimize SSl traveling screen operation to maximize survival of organisms impinged at SSl. The variables to be evaluated include: period between screen rotations, spray pressure and angle of nozzle orientation to traveling screen. The Permit stipulates continuous screen operation during the spawning season and 8 hour rotation periods for the

c. d.

e. remainder of the year. NYSEG will rotate screens every 2 hours during Year 1 operation except when comparing differential mortality associated with varying screen rotation periods. Handling of samples subsequent to impingement (ie, pressure of spray wash and angle of nozzle as oriented to the screen) may modify the survival of impinged organisms. This objective is designed to optimize each of these variables on a seasonal basis in order to maximize survival of organisms entrained into SSl intake and will provide an estimate of expected mortality rates resulting from normal plant operation. TARGET SPECIES- Same as Obj. 

### 1119. SAMPLING DESIGN- See Section V, Objectives 

### 17 and 

### 19. SAMPLE TREATMENT

- Impingement collections will be separated (by screening in the holding area) into 2 size classes: organisms normally retained on the standard 

### 9.5 mm screens, and those retained on the 1 mm mesh. Survival rates of the second size class will be utilized in analyses described in Section V, Obj. 

### #19. Mortality of organisms passing through the fine screens - microinvertebrates which are ultimately entrained through the plant

- will be assumed to be 100%.



### 117Organisms impinged will be retained in holding tanks in the laboratory facility. Cumulative mortality will be determined at t 

## = 0, 2,4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours subsequent to impingement. Survival rates will be partitioned by species and/or group (fish larvae and macroinvertebrates) and in case of those organisms retained on the 1 

### mm mesh, where identification is practicable, by species. The paired test conditions will be noted for each survival study (ie, period of screen rotation, mesh size, screen wash pressure or 9). f. DATA REDUCTION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSES- See SectionV, Obj. #19.



### 118-I ' E. Inter-Relationships of Pumphouse and Waterbody Studies Programs described in Sections IV and V of this package are inter-related in several important respects. Sampling activities were designed and scheduled so as to permit statistical study of such inter-relationships. These include, but are not limited to, the following tasks:

o Correlation of temperature, DO, pH, and turbidity with impingement and entrainment rates.

o Species-specific and age class-specific correlation analysis of annual mortality resulting from spring die-off with impingement mortality.

o Comparisons of target species length, age, and sex in samples collected from Lake Ontario (the source population) and those impinged on SSl screens (the selected, or directly impacted portion of the population).

o Correlation of seasonal and annual indices of abundance of target species in Lake Ontario with impingement and entrainment rates at SSl.

o Determination of indirect impacts, if any, of recruitment overfishing of immature portions of target populations on the resultant age and sex composition of the population; growth rates; condition factors; and fecundity.



### 119C'-l rn C'":l --i 

### c 2 

### <

### VI. REPORTING AND OTHER PERMIT PROVISIONS Under 402 Permit Sections B-6, C-5, C-6, C-7, C-9, and C-10 NYSEG has certain reporting responsibilities. These include:

o Quarterly Reports
- within six weeks of the end of a quarter, and to include waterbodymonitoring data and daily impingement records.

o Annual Reports
- within 90 days of the end of a year, and to include interpretive analyses, an estimate of annual impingement, and recommendations for additions, deletions, or modifications to the program.

o Immediate notification (to the DEC Regional Supervisor) of daily impingement rates in excess of 5000 fish which would not normally pass through a 9.5 mm screen with a follow-up report on the incident, and circumstances surrounding it, within 30 days.

o Results of a study to determine screen component effectiveness, within three years of commercial operation.

o Results of a study to determine effects of two vs three pump operationwhen temperatures are less than 10 C, within three years of commercial operation. o A fish kill contingency plan based on operating experience, within three years of commericial operation. NYSEG wishes to assure the Board of its committment to these provisions and to the quality and detail of the required reports. In conclusion, NYSEG considers the monitoring program described in Sections IV and V to represent one of the most exhaustive packages presented to the PSC and DEC in terms of scope, effort and ability tomonitor impact. However, it has been designed to permit maximum flexibility with respect to addition, deletion or modification of individual program objectives (components) in the

120

### spirit of 402 Permit Sec. C-9 (point 2 above). This will be both in NYSEG's and the public's best interest as regards cost-effectiveness and protection of the environment based on objective interaction of the PSC, DEC, and NYSEG and/or its consultants.

121<VII. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM A. Purpose The goal of the QualityAssurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) Programs are:

o To establish an effective QC system operating at the sampling, analysis and data management levels.

o To establish a QA systemwhich will:

ensure and maintain the proper functioning of the QC system, and provide independent review of technical procedures as actually performed

o To comply with regulatory requirements and to ensure that data collected are of acceptable and defensible quality.
B. Approach
A quality control system (QCS) will be founded on project-specific procedures manuals incorporating: EPA and DEC approved collection and analytical methods; contract specifications; and generally accepted good field, laboratory and data management methods. Each major operation will have a control measure associated with it so that accuracy and precision are maintained at a minimum level of 90 percent. These control measures consist of duplicate analyses, recounting and remeasuring portions of samples, use of analytical control charts, etc. The quality assurance system (QAS) will be based on the procedures manuals and will be carried out by means of QA audits performed by an environmental QA officer. The QA officer will be technically and administratively independent of the normal project operation. The QA officer appointed will also be technically experienced so that he can observe and assess field, laboratory and data management operations. By assessment of procedures during field and laboratory site visits, and review of documentation, the QA officer examines

122

### the QC system operation. As a result of this auditing process, an exit interview is given and an audit report is prepared which cites deficiencies or deviations and lists corrective actions to be taken. At a later date the QA officer checks on compliance with the corrective actions requested. C. Establishment of QualityControl System Quality contro·l manuals for field, laboratory, and data analysis procedures will be prepared and will include step-by-step standard operating procedures based on such guides as APHA et al (1975), Environmental Protection Agency (1979), and Weber (1973). When a non-standard procedure is required, a standard procedure will be defined to meet specifications in accordance with good field and laboratory practices. In addition to standard operating procedures, control measures will be specified in the QC manual. Examples of field and laboratory data sheets will also be provided, prepared in a format directly compatible with the computer data entry format specified. A manual assigning a unique computer code to each organism, life stage, sampling gear and parametermeasured will be prepared. Draft QC procedures manuals will be reviewed by the QA officer who will sign the final, approved version. Provision will be made for updating and revision of procedures. Manuals and revisions will be approved byNYSEG. D. Maintenance of Quality Control System The proper functioning of the quality control system will be assured during inspections of field, laboratory, and datamanagement operations by reviewing:

o adherence to standard operating procedures detailed in the procedures manuals o project organizationchart identifying responsible personnel o sign-offs by technical personnel on data sheets o document filing, storage and retrieval systems o revision procedures for methods and documents o evidence of report review before finalization o quality control reports

123o records of deficiencies, analytical events out of control, corrective actions required and taken o technical staff training programs E. Field Program QualityAssurance The integrity of the field program will be assured by routine field inspections. Each operation is observed for compliance with specifications as follows:

o station locations and depths o sample numbers and replicates o sampling equipment condition and maintenance o equipment deployment o sample retrieval and processing o field measurements and calibrations o execution of checking or control measures o use of field data sheets
F. BiologicalLaboratory Program QualityAssurance The quality of the laboratory program will be assured by routine inspections of all laboratory operations for conformance to project specifications and good laboratory practices as follows:

o subsampling and enumeration procedures o organism identification and taxonomic keys o voucher specimen collection o measurement operations (lengths, wet and dry weights) o equipment maintenance and calibration schedules o use of bench data sheets o execution of checking or control measures o review of qualifications of laboratory staff.

124

### G. Data Management Program QualityAssurance The integrity of the aquatic monitoring program data will be assured by routine examinations of the data management center, subsample validation of data, and verification of data programs. The following checks will also be performed:

o document possession and filing system o record of data accountability o verificationof checks of rawdata entry o computer entry format o coding systemuse o validation ofkey punched or terminal entered data o hand calculated checks of statistical programs o review of tabular and graphic output. NYSEG plans to format all data to complement DPS and DEC computer systems. Consequently, data sheet formatting and file structure will require substantial interaction with Agency personnel subsequent to NYSEG's selection of a datamanagement consultant. H. Literature Cited APHA, AWWA, WPCF. 1975. Standard Methods for the Examination ofWater and Wastewater, 14thEd. Amer Pub HealthAssoc, Wash, DC. 1193p. Environmental ProtectionAgency. 1979. Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Water and Wastes. Envir. Prot. Agency, Office Res. & 

### Devel. Cinn., OH. EPA-600/4-79-020. Weber, CI. 1973. Biological Field andLaboratory Methods for Measuring the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents. National Envir. Res. Ctr., Cinn., OH EPA-670/4-73-001.

125)> u u rn 

### z Cl XAPPENDIX ,_.)
RESUMES OF MONITORING PROGRAM CONTRIBUTORS



### 126APPENDIX RESUMES OF MONITORING PROGRAM CONTRIBUTORS
Envirosphere Company, a Division of EBASCO Services, Inc, New York, N Y, had overall responsibility for planning and managing the development of NYSEG's Somerset aquatic ecological monitoring program. Envirosphere Company has had prior experience in design of monitoring programs for the proposed Lake Erie Generating Station, and experience of individual team members spans a large number of Great Lakes monitoring programs, including certain Lake Ontario programs. Appended hereto are resumes of persons chiefly responsible for development of the program. G Piehler and A Auld, Supervising Ecologists in Envirosphere's New York offices, had overall responsibility for program design and liason with RTuttle and J Marean of NYSEG. A Turner, J Gilmore, Jr, S Patterson and T Stevenson were major contributors. In addition, the following managerial and consulting scientists with Envirosphere provided technical review and comment: Drs A Chu, J Ferris, P Astor, G Lawley, and Messrs T Cannon and N Wilding.

127

### 10/81 

## Page 1 

## of 2 

## GLENN RPIEHLER SupervisingScientist

- Aquatic Ecology SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE (Since 1968) 

## TotalExperience

- Thirteenyears experiencein superv1s1on and organization ofaquatic analyses and impact assessment forover 35 clientsnationwide. ProfessionalAffiliations

- American InstituteofFisheryResearch Biologists American FisheriesSociety Water PollutionControlFederation FisheriesScientist

- American Fisheries Society

- 1968 

## Education

- PhD, University ofMassachusetts, 1972

- 

## Fishery Science MS, MichiganStateUniversity, 1967

- 

## FisheryBiology BS, Bloomfield College, 1965

- 

## Biology REPRESENTATIVE ENVIROSPHEREPROJECT EXPERIENCE (Since 1974) 

## SupervisingScientist, Aquatic Ecology Responsibilitiesinclude: Design, regulatoryapproval, subcontractor selection supervision, quality assurance and experttestimony an aquatic programs. Major areas ofexpertise arein sample surveys, fisheries statistics, habitat evaluation and cost/benefitanalysis. Energy resource development experience comprised offossil and nuclearthermal powerplants; coal conversion and gasification; and hydroelectric stationsincluding surfaceand underground pumped storage. Specificproficiency incirculatingwater system design, operation and population impactresultingfrom entrainment and impingement. Experience inthe field ofwaste management includes site selection, disposal and management ofcoal by-products, water qualitymodelling and design of water quality standardsand variableeffluentlimitationsbased on anti-degradationpolicies, designated uses and impact on presentorexpected future waterbody uses. DrPiehler'sexperience inadministrativehearing processes includestestimony beforetheAtomic Safety and LicensingBoard, New YorkStatePublicService Commission, IllinoisEnvironmental PortectionAgency, and IllinoisPollution ControlBoard.'" j 

## Page 2of2 GLENN RPIEHLER (Continued)
PRIOREXPERIENCE (6 years) Normandeau Associates, Incorporated ProjectsManager/DataManagementSupervisor ( 3years) Responsibilitiesincluded: Technical and managerial assignments onprojects throughout New England, as well as coordinationoffield and officeactivities and management oftheED PDepartment. Experience comprised: CWASec 208 studiesoftheMerrimackRiver watershed; oil spill assessments; water supply diversion studiesand modelling; development ofcomputerprograms for data reduction and analysis; and participationin all aspectsoffield monitoring ranging from water quality sampling to tag-recapture studiesoflobster, crab, and stripedbasspopulations. University ofMassachusetts Research Assistant (3 years) Responsibilitiesincluded: assistanceon studiesofAmerican shad inthe ConnecticutRiver; pondreclamation and development oftwo ·story fishery; and independentresearchon themarine sport fisheries ofMassachusetts. Dr Piehler'sexperience alsoincludedinstructionofthelaboratoryportionofa marine fisheries dynamics course (1971), and participationin seminar, faculty selection, and curriculumrevisioncommittees. Publicationsand Presentations Piehler, G R 1967. Age and growth ofthecommon whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchell), orNorthern Lake Michigan and Bay de Noc areas. MS Thesis, Michigan StateUniversity. Piehler, G R 1972. An investigationoftheMassachusettsmarine sport fisheries, including acritiqueofaprobabilityproportionalto size sampling method ofestimatingnumbers and attributesofsaltwater anglers. Ph D Disseration, University ofMassachusetts (presented inpart atthe annual meeting oftheNortheastDivision, American FisheriesSociety,'May 1971). Piehler, G RandDMirchandani 1976. Powerplant siting: An aquatic ecologists' approach inacompressed time frame. Proc NE DivisionAmerican FishSoc, ConservationEngineersSection. Piehler, G, MEl-Baroudi, J 

## Brellenthin, and LBarry Goss. 1981. Environmental evaluationofcoal combustion by-product utilizations. Symposium on Resource Recovery andEnvironmental IssuesofIndustrialSolid Waste, October 1981 (publicationpending).

## ANDREWAULD SupervisingAquatic Ecologist SUMMARY OFEXPERIENCE (Since 1968) 4/80 Page 1of5

TotalExperience

- Twelveyearsexperienceintheanalysisand evaluation ofdataon diverseindustrialinteractionswith aquaticecosystems. ProfessionalAffiliations

- AmericanAcademy ofArtsand Sciences. American FisheriesSociety American SocietyofIchthyologistsand Herpetologists SocietyofSystematic Zoology New York Academy ofSciences Education

- MS, UniversityofWestFlorida, 1974

- Biology BS, University ofWest Florida, 1969

- Marine Sciences REPRESENTATIVE ENv'IRO!:PHERE PROJECT EXPERIENCE (Since 1977) SupervisingAquatic Ecologist Superviseworkeffortsofagroup ofprofessionalconsulting aquatic ecologists. Responsible fortechnicalreportsand presentationof environmentalimpact analyses for variousclientsand regulatory agencies. Aquatic Ecologist Responsibilitiesincludedthecollection, analysisand interpretationof aquaticecologicaldataand subsequent reportpreparation. Duties involvedecological studyprogramdesignand implementationand consultationondiverseindustrialinteractionswithaquaticecosystems. Projectinclude: BritishColumbiaHydro andPowerAuthority. Implementationand supervisionofthe aquaticecologicalimpact assessment ofa proposed 2000MWcoal-firedand associatedsurfacecoalmine incentral British COlumbia. Assessment ofpotentialimpactsofcoolingwaterintakeon FraserRiver salmon stocks.

### 4/80 

## Page 2of5 ANDREWAULD (Continued) MississippiPower

## &Light company. Implementationand supervisionofthe aquaticecological program for anew 1600MWcoal-firedelectric generationfacilityontheMississippiRiver and subsequentpreparation ofaquaticecology segments for third-partyEIS prepared for theUS Army Corps ofEngineers. PRIOREXPERIENCE (9 Years) Beak Consultants Incorporated SeniorBiologist/ProjectManager (lYear) Projectinvolvement includedpower plantimpact studieson fish populationofLake Huron and Saginaw Bay, Michigan; Consumers Power Company. Assessment ofbiologicalimpactofminor shoreline structures, GreatLakesandAtlanticcoastalUnited States; 

## usFishandWildlife Service. ConsolidatedEdisonofNewYork Project Biologist (2 Years) Responsibilitiesincludedscope ofwork and budget preparationand budget and technicaloversitefor studiesofthepopulationdynamics ofHudson River fisheries; impactofproposedHudsonRiver landfilland dredging operations; and impact studiesofthecumulativeeffectsofmultiple powerplantsalong theHudsonRiver. Baseline, Incorporated Fishery Biologist (1 Year) Projectresponsibilityincluded impact studiesofcanal, marina, and channel dredging and spoildisposal projects; power plantintakestudies inFloridaand theSoutheasternUnited States. Responsible for all fisheries-related studyeffortsand associatedreport preparation. JohnsHopkins University Chesapeake Bay Instituteand Department ofGeography andEnvironmentalEngineering Research StaffAssociate (2 Years) Conductedinvestigationsontheeffectsofsuspended sedimentsand thermal stockon thedevelopment ofanadromous fishes. Studiedegg and larvalproductionand distributionofChespeake Bay fishes..)

• 1 

## ANDREWAULD (Continued) UniversityofWest Florida ResearchAssistant (3 Years) 4/80 Page 3of5

Studiedeffectsofsiltationand pesticideson estuarineecosystems; physiologicaladaptationsofestuarinefishes. Projectinvolvement includedmonitoring ofthephysical, chemical, andbiologicaleffectsof severalmaintenance dredging and channelizationprojectsalong theGulf Coast. AssistedinthedescriptionofdistributionlevelsofthePCB Arochlor 1254inthewaters, sedimentsand biotaofEscambia Bay, Florida beginning in1969. Publications: Auld, AH. The effectofcalcium on theosmotic toleranceofjuvenile stripedmullet (Mugil cephalusL.). Proc 26thAnnual Oonference ofSF Game andFishCommission, pp591-597. Schubel, J 

## RandA HAuld. Thermal effectsofamodel power plantonthe hatchingsuccessofAmerican Shad (Alosa sapidissima)eggs. Proc 26th Annual ConferenceofSEGame and FishCommission, pp644-648. Schubel, J 

## RandA HAuld. Effectsofexposuretotime-excess temperaturehistoriestypicallyexperienced atpower plantson the hatchingsuccessofbluebackherringand stripedbasseggs. In: Thermal Ecology, J 

## WGibbons and theR RSharitz, (Eds.), pp 164-170. Schubel, J

## R, A HAuld, and G MSchmidt. Effectsofsuspended sediments .onthedevelopment and hatching successofyellowperch and stripedbass eggs. Proc27thAnnual Oonference ofSEGame and Fish Commission, pp 689-694. Auld, A Hand J 

## RSchubel. Preliminary observationson theefficacyofa commerciallyavailablefungal inhibitorand itstoxicitytofish eggs. Chesapeake Science, 15(2): 115-116. Auld, A Hand J 

## RSchubel 1974. Effectsofsuspended sediment on the survivalofyolk saclarvaeofthreeestuarinefishes. Presentedatthe 21stAnnual Meeting oftheAssociationofSESial, September, Savannah, Georgia. ASS Bull, 21(2): 36 (Abstr).

### 4/80 

## Page 4of5 ANDREWAULD (Continued) Auld, AH, K TBarrineau, M EBerrigan, andNSchweiger 1974. Occurrence and implicationsofthewood-boring isopod, Sphaeroma destructor, ina tidalmangrove swamp. Presentedatthe21stAnnual Meet1ng oftheAssociationofSEBiol, September, Savannah, Georgia. ASBBull, 21(2): 36 (Abstr). Cifford, C AandA HAuld 1974. TheAsiaticclam, Corbicula sinensis, inLake Ocklawaha, Florida. PresentedattheAnnual Meet1ng ofthe AssociationofSEBiol. Savannah, Georgia, September. ASB Bull21(2): 56 (Abstr). Auld, AH, J RSchubel, andW BGroinin 1975. Some observationson the settlingvelocitiesofeggs ofselectedChesapeake Bay fishes. Presentee atAmericanSocietyofIchthyologistsandHerpetologistsAnnual Meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia, June. Schubel, J RandA HAuld 1975. Suspended sediment and itseffecton thehatching successoffisheggs. Presentedatthe38thAnnual Meeting, AmericanSocietyLimnology, and Oceanography, Halifax, NovaScotia, June. Auld, AHandJ RSchubel 1978. Effectsofsuspended sediment offish eggs and larvae: Alaboratory assessment. J EstuarineandCoastal MarineScience} (6): 153-164. Technicaland SpecialScientificReports Schubel, J RandA HAuld. Thermal effectsofamodel planton the hatching successofalewife (Alosapseudopharengus)**~ggs.** 

## ·Chesapeake Bay Institute, Spec Rept No. 28, Ref72-14. Schubel, J RandA HAuld. Effectsofexposure totime-excess temperaturehistoriestypicallyexperiencedatpower plantson the hatching successofbluebackherring (Alosaaestivalis) eggs. Chesapeake B:iy Institute. Spec Rept No. 31, Ref74-2. Schubel, J R, A GAuld, and G MSchmidt. Effectsofsuspended sediment on thedevelopment and hatchingsuccessofyellowperchand stripedbass eggs. Chesapeake Bay Institute. Spec ReptNo. 35, Ref74-2.

### 4/80 Page 5of5 ANDREWAULD (Continued) Schubel, J 

### R, W 8Cronin, andA HAuld. Preliminary observationson the sizesand settlingvelocitiesoftheeggs ofsome Chesapeake Bay fishes. Chesapeake Bay Institute. Spec Rept No. 36, 74-4. Auld, A Hand J 

### RSchubel. Effectson suspended sediment on fisheggs and larvae. Chesapeake Bay Institute. SpecRept No. 40, Ref. 74-12.

## 1978-Present
Projects: ALTATURNER Marine Ecologist PRESENTEXPERIENCE Aquatic Ecologist: 11/81 Page 1of4

Envirosphere Co. ofEBASCO

Services, Inc. 2World Trade Center NewYork, New York 10048 Washington Public PowerServiceSystem

- Satsop, Washington. AssistantBiologist Periphyton sectionsofpreoperationalmonitoring environmental report. Sample analyses included: Species identification; datareduction to measures ofcelldensity and community diversity; statisticalanalysisto determine spatial-temporalvariationsinperiphyticpopulationspriorto operationofnucleargenerating station; reportpreparation. FloridaPower

## &Light

- Hutchinson Island, Florida. Lead Biologist Aquatic ecology sectionsofOperationalLicensingEnvironmental Report
- St. Lucie, Unit 2. Analyses involved: Synthesis and comparison of preoperational and operationalmonitoringdata forSt. Lucie Unit 1to predictconstructionand operationimpacts ofsecond uniton resident phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytic and macroinvertebrate benthos, ichthyoplankton and fishpopulations. QA/QCevaluationofdata collectionand reduction as performedby subcontracted environmental consultants. Edison Electric Institute

- Washington, D. C. AssociateBiologist/ProjectLeader Evaluation ofUSEPA-proposed model topredictchlorine toxicityto aquaticsystems. Alternativemodel was proposed, based on statistical analysis ofdatacollectedthroughliteraturesurvey. Site-specific factorsincludingwaterqualitycharacteristics, outfalldesign and residentspecieswere examined as they modify the adverse impacts of discharging chlorinatedeffluentsatspecificutility sites.

## ALTATURNER PRESENTEXPERIENCE (Cont'd) UtilityWaterAct Group

- Washington, D.C. ProjectLeader Page 2of4

Report synthesizingresultsfrom chlorinemodels was prepared for submissiontoUSEPA as alternativechlorineeffluentlimitations (utility industry) concurrent withEPA-generated chlorine development document to form basisforrevisedeffluentlimitations. Tennessee Valley Authority

- Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Ecologist Utilizationofcoalcombustionby-products (coalgasification, atmospheric fluidizedbed) as fertilizers, liming agents and construction materialswere evaluatedwithinthecontextoftheToxic Substances ControlAct. Anenvironmental assessmesnt methodology developed a series ofdecisions (resultingfrom literaturereview, preliminary leachate toxicitytesting) prerequisitetoby-product utilizationtoassure protectionofeffectedecosystems. JacksonvilleElectricAuthority

- Jacksonville, Florida. Marine Ecologist Ongoing design and statisticalanalysis ofbiologicalmonitoring program topredictimpacts ofconstructionand operationoffossil-fueled electricgeneratingstationonSt. John'sRiver. Design ofchlorine minimizationprogram. Public PowerCorporation ofGreece

- Athens, Greece. LeadBiologist Sampling design and analytical scheme for siteselectionstudy and preoperationalbaselinemonitoring program for nucleargenerating station. Ongoing studyincludes selectionofqualified subcontractors, on-site sampling, datareduction and analyses and reportpreparation. National PowerCorporationofthePhilippines

- Manila, Philippines MarineEcologist Analysis ofbioassay data evaluationgchlorine and thermal sensitivity, and swim speeds ofresidentmarine speciesto develop technical specificationsforoperationofanucleargenerating stationtominimize adverse effectstoorganisms residentinreceiving waters.

## Page 3of4 ALTA TURNER PRESENTEXPERIENCE (Cont'd) New York StateElectric and Gas Corporation- Binghamton, N.Y. AquaticEcologist Design ofsampling program forpilotstudies, preoperational and operationalmonitoring for 625-MW generating stationon Lake Ontario; includingoutlineofstatisticalmethods to appropriatetodetermination ofimpact resulting from plantoperation. PRIOREXPERIENCE 1977-78 ResearchAssistant Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory ColumbiaUniversity Palisades, New York ParticipatedinNOAA

- funded studyofNew YorkBight. Responsibilities included: Sample collections, nutrientchemistries, statisticalanalysis. 1976-1978 ResearchAssistant (Electronmicroscopist) CityCollege ofNewYork New, New York Responsibilitiesincluded: sample preparation, thin sectioning, transmissionelectronmicroscopy and micrographpreparationof cryogenized algalcell, salamander spermatophore and micepituatary specimens. Education 1979

- continuing: Graduate PrograminStatistics RutgersUniversity-Piscataway, New Jersey 1978: MS, MarineEcology CityUniversityofNew York New York, New York 1976-1977: General StudiesProgram
- Biology ColumbiaUniversity New York, NewYork 1971: BFA, Art Historyand Painting UniversityofIllinois Champaign-Urbana, Illinois

## Page 4of4 ALTA TURNER PRIOREXPERIENCE (Cont'd) Publications

- Presentations Turner, A. and T AThayer, 1980. Chlorine Toxicity inAquatic Ecosystems. 

# 1rrWaterChlorination: Environmental Impacts and HealthEffects, Vol. 3. 

## Conference held inColorado Springs, Colorado. 29 October - 9November, 1979. Turner, A. andAChu, 1981. Chlorine Toxicity as a Function of Environmental Variables and SpeciesTolerance. InWaterChlorination Environmental Impacts and HealthEffects, Vol. 4-rinpress). Conference held inAsilomarPark, Monterey, California. 18-23October 1981. Turner, A, and TThayer, 1979. Chlorine ToxicityinFreshwater Ecosystems. EnvirosphereCo. NewYork, NewYork. 58

## pp. Thayer, TA, ATurner, P HAstor andA YChang, 1978. ChlorineToxicity inMarine Ecosystems. EnvirosphereCompany. New York, New York. 50 

## pp. ProfessionalAffiliations AmericanAssociationofAdvancement ofScience SocietyofLimnology and Oceanography CertifiedNASOS ScubaDiver

### JAt-ES J GILMJRE, .:R 

### Aquatic Biologist SUMMO.RY OF EXPERIEN::E (Since 1975) 6/81 

### Page 1of 2

TotalExperience

- Five yearsexperienceinaQ.Jaticecologicaldata aralysisand impactassessrrent. ProfessioralAffiliations

- NatioralAssociationofUnderwater Instructors (NAUI) Education

- MS, candidate, StateUni't€rsityofI'Ew York atStony Brook

- 

### t.arire Scienee Fe

### searchCenter BA, StateUni't€rsityofI'EwYork atPlattsb.ug, 1976- Biology AAS, StateUni't€rsityofI'EwYork atFarmingdale, 1974

- Biology REPRESENTATIVE ENVIROSPI-ERE PROJECT EXPERIOCE (Since 1975) FesponsibilitiesincludeLead Biologist foraquaticassessrrentofa two unitcoal fired plant. Responsible forallaQ.Jaticecologicaldata aralysis. Trese aralyses l"ave includedRDnitoring studiesonrurrerous powerplants, topologicalinvestigation, 316b studies, wetland transition zone studiesand siting studies. Field samplingon rumerous project includingaQ.Jatic biologicalmonitori11J studiesandultrasonictracking studiesofsalRDroids. Projectsincluded: EdisonElectricalInstutite

- Developmentofdataaralysisprocedures for tteevaluationofchlorine toxicityinfreshwaterand marine ecosystems. Statisticalaralysismetrods were usedinthisprediction. Washi'1jtonFllblic R::Jwer SJpply System

- r:eveloprrentofa data management system fortte aralysesoftte aQ.Jatic RDnitoring program. Field samplingandultrasonic tracking. Louisiana FbwerandLight

- r:evelopment ofa datamanagement system fora unitcoal fired plantandanadditionalunittoa rucleargenerating facility. Analysisofdata for 316b presentation. Washington Water Fbwer

- Field surveys forcoal fired powerplant siting.

### Page2of2**JA~S** 

### J GILMORE (Continued) Niagara t.btawk R:::lwer Company

- I:evelopmentoftre aQ.Jaticecological sectionofthe Environnental Impact Statement for tre Lake Erie**cereratin;;~** 

### Station. 1-bustonLighting andR:::lwer Company

- Impingement analysis determination. Army Corps of**En;;~ireers** 

### - D:!velopment ofaata analysis procedures for a wetland transitionzore study.**En;;~iree**

### ringAide Participatedinfield work for limitedaQJatic sampling andcurrent analyses, Lake Erie ceneratingStation, Niagara MJtawk Fbwer Com1=5ny.

/

## TI-OMAS J 

## SfE\IENSON SeniorBiologist**SLM~RY**

## OFEXPERIEI'CE (Since 1969) 3/81 

## Page 1of3

TOTALEXPERIEI'CE

- Elevenyearsexperienceindesigning fieldand laboratorystudiestoassessecologicaland physiologicaleffectsof chemicalpollutants, industrialdischargesand steam electricplant intakes; fisheriesassessment; riverwaterqualitysurveys; siting studies; qualityassurance/qualitycontrol; andhazardouswaste studies. PROFESSIONALAFFILIATION

- American FisheriesSociety

- 1972 EDUCATION- PhD, UniversityofRhode Island, 1977

- Oceanography MS, FordhamUniversity, 1969- Biology BS, GeorgetownUniversity, 1967

- Biology REPRES::NTATIVEENVIROPHERE PROJECTEXPERIEI'CE (Since 1978) MONITORINGPROGRAMS: designofcoastal, lakeand rivermonitoring programs fornuclearpowerplantsintheSouth China Sea (Philippine NationalPowerCorp) andtheMississippiRiver (LouisianaPower andLight Co.); statisticalanalysisand interpretationofmonitoringprogramdata; EnvironmentalReport andTechnicalSupport Document preparation. SITING SfUDIES: performed fieldenvironmental sitingstudiesfor the PublicPowerCorporationofGreece foranuclearpower plant, fora commercial shoppingcenterinupstateNew York, and acoalgasification plantinPennsylvania; developed exclusioncriteriaand arating system forsiteevaluation; conducted fatal flaw reviews forsitingindustrial facilities. QUALITYASSURANCE/QUALITYCONTROL: conductedQAauditsoffieldand laboratoryworkperformedby subcontractorsincluding: reviews of chemical andbiologicallaboratoryproceduresand assuranceofQuality Control; conformanceoffieldworktostandardmethods and contract specifications; dataanddocument management systems. Design ofQA/QC systems forutilityindustryclients. Designand directionof environmental stafftrainingprogram forthePhilippineNationalPower Corporation. SOLID WASTESTUDIES: evaluationofproposedhazardous waste criteria under RCRA for theEdisonElectricInstitute (EEI); reportonmineral extractionfromconventionalcoalcombustionwastes forEEI; reporton potential processesformineral recovery from fluidizedbed combustion andcoalgasificationwastes fortheTVA.

## TI-OMAS J 

## STEVENSON (Continued) PRIOREXPERIENCE (9 years) Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. AssistantProfessorofEnvironmental Science Director, Wilkes CollegeWater QualityLaboratory (2 years)Page 2of3

Responsible foroperationofanalyticallabortorywithresearch emphasis on anthracitecoalminingeffects, riverwaterqualityand monitoringofindustrialandmunicipal effluents. Taught coursesin PollutionControl Technology; AlternativeEnergy; Environmental QualityMeasurements and Oceanography. National Marine Fisheries Service, Narragansett, RI. Fishery Biologist (1 year) Measured sizeandconditionindicesinlarvalherring forcorrelation withplanktonpatchiness. MassachusettsAudubon Society, Lincoln, MA. Consultant (1 year) Designedandcarriedoutsampling and analysisofbaitfishand benthos for DieldrinandPCB concentrationforrelationtopredator (tern) populationchanges. UniversityofRhode Island GraduateSchool ofOceanography Research and GraduateAssistant (5 years) Research in: optimizationofwater chemistry tomaximize growth in closed systemaquaculture; determinationofdissociationconstantsof ammonia; effectsoflow pH 

## water on fishphysiologyanddevelopment ofbiological filtrationsystems. DivisionofFisheriesandDepartment ofEducation, Fiji Peace Corps Volunteer (2 years) Designed andcarriedoutstockassessment forcommercial prawn fishery; comparative studyoftrawlinggear. Publications Stevenson, T

## J. TheEffectsofpH, 

## salinityandammonia onthewhite perch, Marone americana. PhD Thesis, UniversityofRhoae Island, Kingston,_Rhode Island. Stevenson, TJ 

## 1975. Report totheMassachusettsAudubon Society, ConcentrationofPCBand dieldrininbaitfishatCape Cod.

## Page3of3 TI-OMAS J 

## STEv£NSON (Continued) PRIOREXPERIENCE (9 years) Stevenson, TJ 

## 1975. The effectsofacidwateron therainbow trout, Salmogairdneri. PresentedattheRegional Meeting oftheAmerican Fisheries Society, April: Stevenson, T

## J. SerologicalStudiesoftheCrownGallBacterium. Undergraduate Thesis, Georgetown University, washingtonD.C.