Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan

Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Bureau of Air Management

June 22, 2015

The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) is an affirmative action/equal 

opportunity employer and service provider. In conformance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, DEEP 

makes every effort to provide equally effective services for persons with disabilities. Individuals with 

disabilities who need this information in an alternative format, to allow them to benefit and/or participate 

in the agency’s programs and services, should call 860-424-3035 or e-mail the ADA Coordinator, at 

DEEP.aaoffice@CT.Gov. Persons who are hearing impaired should call the State of Connecticut relay 

number 711.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 2

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... 2

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4

Background ................................................................................................................................. 4

Network Overview ........................................................................................................................ 4

Proposed Network Changes ........................................................................................................... 5

Monitoring Site Information........................................................................................................... 7

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ............................................................................. 8

PM2.5 Annual Design Values (2014) ............................................................................................. 9

PM2.5 Daily Design Values (2014)................................................................................................ 9

Ozone Design Values (2014) .....................................................................................................10

CO, SO2, NO2, PM10 and Pb NAAQS Comparisons (2014)...............................................................10

Overview of Network Operation.....................................................................................................12

PM2.5 Network .........................................................................................................................12

PM10/PM10-2.5 FRM Network........................................................................................................15

PM Speciation Network.............................................................................................................15

Ozone Network .......................................................................................................................16

PAMS Network ........................................................................................................................16

NO2 Network...........................................................................................................................17

CO Network ............................................................................................................................17

SO2 Network ...........................................................................................................................18

Lead (Pb) Network...................................................................................................................18

Detailed Site Information .............................................................................................................20

References .................................................................................................................................36

Appendix A PM2.5 FRM vs Continuous Correlation Charts.......................................................... A-1

Appendix B Public Comments Received With DEEP Responses ................................................... B-1

Figure 1: Connecticut DEEP Air Monitoring Network .......................................................................... 5

Figure 2: CT PM2.5 FEM Comparison with EPA Performance Standards (2012-2013 data).....................14

Figure 3: Pb-PM10 Monitored Levels, 2010-2014.............................................................................19

Table 1: Monitoring Network Summary ........................................................................................... 7

Table 2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards .............................................................................. 8

Table 3:PM2.5 FRM/FEM Current Network Summary ........................................................................12

Table 4: CT PM2.5 FEM Performance Criteria Evaluation Summary (2012-2014 Data)..........................13

Table 5: Proposed PM2.5 Network Configuration .............................................................................14
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan

3

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AQI – Air Quality Index

AQS – Air Quality System

BAM – Beta Attenuation Monitor

BC – Black Carbon (Aethalometer)

CAA – Clean Air Act

CFR – Code of Federal Regulations

CO – carbon monoxide

CSA – combined statistical area

CSN – Chemical Speciation Network

DEEP– Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

DAS – data acquisition system

EC/OC – Elemental Carbon/Organic Carbon

EPA – Environmental Protection Agency

FEM – Federal Equivalent Method

FRM – Federal Reference Method

GC – gas chromatography 

GC/MS – gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

HAP – hazardous air pollutant

IMPROVE – Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments

LMP – limited maintenance plan

MPA – monitoring planning area

MSA – metropolitan statistical area

NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOx – nitrogen oxides

NOy – reactive oxides of nitrogen

OAQPS – Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

PAMS – Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations

PM2.5

– fine particulate matter (<2.5 microns)

PM10

– respirable particulate matter (<10 microns)

PM10

-2.5

– coarse particulate matter (PM10– PM2.5)

QA – quality assurance

QA/QC – quality assurance/quality control

QAPP – quality assurance project plan

QMP – quality management plan

RH – relative humidity

SIP – State Implementation Plan

SLAMS – state and local monitoring stations

SO

2

– sulfur dioxide

SOP – standard operating procedure

TSA – technical system audit

TSP – total suspended particulate

UVC – Ultra-violet carbon (aethalometer)

VOC – volatile organic compound
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 4

Introduction

This document is the Connecticut 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan (Network Plan), prepared by the 

Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) in accordance with 40 CFR 

58.10. This plan meets the requirement to develop and submit to the Environmental Protection Agency 

(EPA) an annual air quality monitoring network plan to describe the air monitoring network and propose 

any changes of air quality monitoring sites and monitored air pollutants planned in the 18 months 

following submittal. 

DEEP held a public comment period from May 15, 2015 to June 14, 2015, for the draft Network Plan. The 

Network Plan is posted on DEEP’s website at DEEP: Air Monitoring Network. 

Background

The Clean Air Act of 1970 (CAA) established the Environmental Protection Agency as the principal 

administrative body to enact regulations to meet the requirements of the CAA and subsequent 

amendments thereto. One such requirement directed EPA to set primary and secondary air quality 

standards, known as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the six “criteria pollutants” 

that Congress determined presented serious negative impacts to human health and welfare. For areas 

within Connecticut that do not meet a NAAQS, DEEP develops State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to detail 

the steps to be taken to bring air quality into attainment. Ambient air quality monitoring is essential to 

track progress towards meeting clean air goals and demonstrate attainment. 

While DEEP monitors ambient air quality in Connecticut primarily for comparison with the NAAQS, there 

are other important objectives to ambient air quality monitoring. This monitoring provides local air 

quality data to the public, supports air quality forecasting and the Air Quality Index (AQI), supports longterm health assessments and other scientific research, assists with air permitting and identifying longterm air quality trends to gauge effectiveness of air pollution control strategies and serves as an accuracy 

check on computer based air quality models. DEEP’s ability to manage the air quality monitoring network 

depends significantly on federal support from EPA. 

Future federal funding levels for air monitoring programs remain uncertain. In addition, as with state 

governmental operations everywhere, state resources allocated to ambient air quality monitoring are 

unable to keep pace with rising costs. DEEP must continue to provide an acceptable level of service within 

these constraints by continually improving and focusing its efforts to ensure the completion of the most 

critical ambient air quality monitoring. As operating costs and federal monitoring requirements increase,

DEEP must do more with fewer resources by either improving operational efficiencies or reducing other 

aspects of the air monitoring network. Efficiencies being employed include improvements to data 

acquisition (through software upgrades and the automating of data streams previously manual), to public 

data access (thorough Kiosks and improvements to the website), and to reduction of the number of 

monitoring sites by increasing multi-pollutant monitoring (resulting in consolidation of resources). 

Network Overview

DEEP currently operates 15 stations in its air monitoring network (Figure 1). Given continuously evolving 

standards, this Plan assumes the current level of staffing and federal funding will be maintained through 

federal FY15. Should EPA monitoring requirements significantly increase or should DEEP be impacted by 

staff attrition or a reduction in federal funding, the level of effort proposed in this Plan will have to be 

revisited. 

In October 2006, EPA established a network of core multi-pollutant sites. These sites are known as the 

National Core (NCore) network, the primary purpose of which is to consolidate monitoring of multiple 

pollutants at fewer sites for efficiency and cost savings. In addition, the NCore sites provide a 

comprehensive suite of high-resolution pollutant data for NAAQS compliance assessment, research 

studies and long-term trends analysis. There are two NCore sites located in Connecticut: Criscuolo Park 

in New Haven, and Mohawk Mountain in Cornwall. Although these sites predated NCore, DEEP upgraded

both sites consistent with NCore requirements. 
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 5

Figure 1: Connecticut DEEP Air Monitoring Network

Proposed Network Changes

Details of the proposed monitoring network configuration are described in the following site information 

pages. In addition to infrastructure maintenance and improvements, DEEP proposes to make the 

following changes to the monitoring network during the period 2015-2016:

• Discontinuing Pb-PM10 (lead) sampling at the New Haven Criscuolo Park NCore site on 

September 30, 2015 (end of EPA fiscal year).

• Commencing reporting of continuous PM2.5 data from all remaining non-FEM continuous PM2.5 

monitoring sites as federal equivalent method (FEM) data eligible for comparison to the PM2.5

NAAQS on January 1, 2016.

• Discontinuing FRM PM2.5 monitoring at the Westport Sherwood Island State Park site on December 

31, 2015.

• Reducing sampling frequencies to one-in-six days for PM2.5 FRM monitors at Bridgeport Roosevelt 

School, Danbury WCSU, East Hartford McAuliffe Park and Waterbury Bank Street on January 1, 

2016.

• Reducing sampling frequency from every day to one-in-three days for the PM2.5 FRM monitor at 

New Haven Criscuolo Park on January 1, 2016.

• Discontinuing PAMS VOC and NO/NO2/NOX monitoring at the Westport Sherwood Island State 

Park as of January 1, 2015.

DEEP maintains its air monitoring network to fulfill critical data needs. Recent EPA NAAQS rule revisions 

have mandated additional monitoring, reporting and analysis associated with the SLAMS networks, and, 

consistent with the LEAN culture embraced by DEEP, this Network Plan calls for continued efforts to 

streamline data handling, while also looking for opportunities to identify and address low value added 

monitoring sites. If limited opportunities exist to disinvest from low value added monitoring sites, 

efficiencies nonetheless will occur by eliminating lower value data collection. Such efficiencies will be
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 6

necessary to enable limited staff resources to focus on competing priorities, which may not be limited to 

air quality monitoring. If efficiencies alone are insufficient, either additional resources will be required or 

the scope of the monitoring program will need to be revisited.

Decommissioning Discontinued Sites: DEEP is planning to take steps to ensure that all former 

monitoring sites are properly decommissioned with regard to shelter, landscaping, security, monitoring, 

electronics and utility equipment during 2015-2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 7

Monitoring Site Information

The ambient air monitoring sites currently operated by DEEP are listed in the Table 1 below. Detailed 

information for each monitoring site is provided in a later section of this plan. 

Table 1: Monitoring Network Summary

Town Site

PM2.5 (FRM)PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated)PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM)PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM)PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM)

PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated)PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous)

Lead-PM10

Lead-PM10 (Collocated)PM Speciation (CSN)PM Speciation (IMPROVE)PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous)OzoneSO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

Bridgeport Edison School X

Bridgeport Roosevelt 

School

1/3

1/6 X 1/6 X X

Cornwall Mohawk 

Mountain 1/3 P X 1/3 X 1/3 X X X X X X X X X X X

Danbury

Western 

Connecticut

State University

1/3

1/6 p X X X X X X

East 

Hartford McAuliffe Park 1/11/6 X 1/6 X X X X X X X X X X X X

Greenwich Point Park X X X X

Groton Fort Griswold 1/6 X X X

Hartford Huntley Place 1/3 P X X X X X X X X X X

Madison Hammonasset 

State Park X X X X

Middletown

Connecticut 

Valley

Hospital

X X X X

New Haven Criscuolo Park 1/1

1/3 1/6 p X 1/3 1/6 X 1/6 1/12 1/3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Stafford Shenipsit State 

Forest X X X X

Stratford Stratford 

Lighthouse X X

Waterbury Meadow & Bank 

Street

1/3

1/6 1/6 X X X X

Westport

Sherwood 

Island 

State Park

1/3 X X X X X X

X=Existing P = Planned in 2015/16 X = Proposed to terminate in 2015/2016
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 8

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

The EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) has set NAAQS for six principal 

pollutants, known as the criteria pollutants. Table 2 summarizes the current NAAQS compliance 

requirements for the criteria pollutants.

Table 2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant

[final rule cite]

Primary/ 

Secondary

Averaging 

Time Level Form

Carbon Monoxide

[76 FR 54294, Aug 31, 

2011] 

primary

8-hour 9 ppm

Not to be exceeded more than once per year

1-hour 35 ppm

Lead

[73 FR 66964, Nov 12, 

2008] 

primary 

and 

secondary

Rolling 3 

month 

average

0.15 μg/m3 (1) Not to be exceeded

Nitrogen Dioxide

[75 FR 6474, Feb 9, 2010]

[61 FR 52852, Oct 8, 1996]

primary 1-hour 100 ppb 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years

primary and

secondary Annual 53 ppb (2) Annual Mean

Ozone

[73 FR 16436, Mar 27, 2008]

primary and 

secondary 8-hour 0.075 ppm (3) Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hr concentration, averaged over 3 years

Particle Pollution

[78 FR 3086,

Jan 15, 2013]

PM2.5

primary Annual 12.0 μg/m3 annual mean, averaged over 3 years

secondary Annual 15.0 μg/m3 annual mean, averaged over 3 years

primary and 

secondary 24-hour 35 μg/m3 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years

PM10

primary and

secondary 24-hour 150 μg/m3 Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years

Sulfur Dioxide

[75 FR 35520, Jun 22, 2010]

primary 1-hour 75 ppb (4) 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum 

concentrations, averaged over 3 years

secondary 3-hour 0.5 ppm Not to be exceeded more than once per year

(1) Final rule signed October 15, 2008. The 1978 lead standard (1.5 μg/m3 as a quarterly average) remains in effect until one 

year after an area is designated for the 2008 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1978, the 1978 

standard remains in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008 standard are approved.

(2) The official level of the annual NO2 standard is 0.053 ppm, equal to 53 ppb, which is shown here for the purpose of clearer 

comparison to the 1-hour standard.

(3) Final rule signed March 12, 2008. The 1997 ozone standard (0.08 ppm, annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour 

concentration, averaged over 3 years) and related implementation rules remain in place. In 1997, EPA revoked the 1-hour 

ozone standard (0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year) in all areas, although some areas have continued 

obligations under that standard (“anti-backsliding”). The 1-hour ozone standard is attained when the expected number of 

days per calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is less than or equal to 1.

(4) Final rule signed June 2, 2010. The 1971 annual and 24-hour SO2 standards were revoked in that same rulemaking.

However, these standards remain in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2010 standard, except in areas 

designated nonattainment for the 1971 standards, where the 1971 standards remain in effect until implementation plans to 

attain or maintain the 2010 standard are approved.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 9

PM2.5 Annual Design Values (2014)

The 2014 annual design values for PM2.5, based on 2012 through 2014 data, are presented in the table 

and figure below. PM2.5 annual design values are calculated using the 3-year average of the respective 

annual weighted averages. The current annual PM2.5 NAAQS is 12.0 μg/m3. All Connecticut monitors 

demonstrate compliance with the design value for the annual PM2.5 NAAQS.

Site

Design 

Value

(μg/m3)

Bridgeport 9.3

Cornwall 5.3

Danbury 8.1

East Hartford – High St. 8.2

East Hartford – McAuliffe 7.4

New Haven – Criscuolo 8.4

Waterbury 8.5

Westport 7.7

PM2.5 Daily Design Values (2014)

Daily design values for PM2.5 using 2012 through 2014 data are given below. PM2.5 daily design values 

are calculated using the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile values. The daily PM2.5 NAAQS is 

35 μg/m3

, revised in 2006 from the previous daily standard of 65 μg/m3. Final designations relative to 

the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS were finalized by EPA in November 2009 (effective as of December 14, 

2009), based upon measured data from 2006 through 2008. All Connecticut monitors demonstrate

compliance with the design value for the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS.

Site

Design 

Value

(μg/m3)

Bridgeport 23

Cornwall 13

Danbury 24

East Hartford – High St. 22

East Hartford - McAuliffe 20

New Haven – Criscuolo 21

Waterbury 24

Westport 21
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 10

Ozone Design Values (2014)

The 2014 ozone 8-hour design values are given in the table below. Ozone design values are derived by 

averaging three consecutive annual fourth highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone values. Based on the 

March 2008 revised ozone standard of 0.075 ppm (75 ppb), 9 out of 11 sites indicate nonattainment, 

shown in red font below. Currently, the ozone monitoring season in Connecticut is from April through 

September.

Site Design Value

(ppb)

Abington 70

Cornwall 69

Danbury 78

East Hartford 77

Greenwich 82

Groton 79

Madison 81†

Middletown 81

New Haven 76

Stafford 80

Stratford 84

Westport 85

† Site was moved approximately 450 meters in 2012 within state park boundaries. Data is combined 

from the 2 locations to compute the design values.

CO, SO2, NO2, PM10 and Pb NAAQS Comparisons (2014)

Comparisons of ambient levels of CO, SO2, NO2, PM10 and Pb to the primary NAAQS are provided in the 

tables below. The design values for each pollutant were derived in accordance with 40 CFR 50. For PM10, 

the 3-year fourth-high value is given to indicate the ambient level relative to the standard, as the actual 

design value is the expected number of annual exceedances of the standard, averaged over a 3-year 

period, which is in attainment with a value of less than or equal to one.

CO NAAQS Comparison

Site 1-Hr Design 

Value (ppm)

8-Hr Design 

Value (ppm)

Bridgeport 2.4 1.4

Cornwall 2.6 0.6

East Hartford 1.9 1.3

Hartford 1.9 1.4

New Haven 1.6 1.3

NAAQS 35 9
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 11

SO2 NAAQS Comparison

Site 1-Hr Design 

Value (ppb)

Bridgeport 10

Cornwall 5

East Hartford 8

New Haven 18

Westport 11

NAAQS 75

NO2 NAAQS Comparison

Site 1-Hr Design 

Value (ppb)

Annual Design 

Value (ppb)

Cornwall 22 2

East Hartford 42 9

Hartford* 50 15

New Haven 49 13

Westport 43 9

NAAQS 100 53

*Data incomplete-site began 4/1/2013

PM10 NAAQS Comparison

Site Daily Design Value 

(μg/m3 STP)

Bridgeport 35

Cornwall 21

East Hartford 25

New Haven 37

NAAQS 150

Pb NAAQS Comparison

Site Max 3-Yr 3-Month 

Mean (μg/m3)

New Haven 0.04

NAAQS 0.15
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 12

Overview of Network Operation

DEEP operates a network of 15 sites throughout Connecticut used for monitoring air pollutants and 

meteorological parameters. This section contains information about monitoring methods and sampling 

frequencies, as well as monitoring network maps for each pollutant parameter. Network changes planned 

before the end of 2016 are discussed as are any anticipated network changes beyond that period.

PM2.5 Network

Network Design The DEEP PM2.5 network 

consists of Thermo Partisol®-Plus 2025/2025i 

sequential FRM air samplers with BGI VSCC 

(RFPS-0498-118) and Met One BAM 1020 

continuous FEM air samplers (EQPM-0798-

122) at nine air monitoring stations. The

distribution of PM2.5 sampling methods in the 

network and their applicability to NAAQS 

attainment are shown in Table 3. For the 

NAAQS compliance monitors, valid data from 

collocated and supplemental monitors, 

respectively, are used to fill in any missing or 

invalidated scheduled or nonscheduled days 

for the primary data set used for computing 

the design values. Four of the eight continuous 

BAM samplers in the network are designated 

FEM monitors (continuous FEM), having 

previously met performance criteria based on 

comparison with co-located FRM monitors, 

while the remaining four are designated as 

non-FEM (continuous BAM), by DEEP request and EPA concurrence, for non-NAAQS compliance purposes, 

such as AQI forecasting.

Table 3:PM2.5 FRM/FEM Current Network Summary

Site Primary

(NAAQS)

Collocated

(NAAQS)

Supplemental

(NAAQS)

AQI

(non-NAAQS)

Bridgeport-Roosevelt Sch. Continuous FEM 1-in-3 FRM

Cornwall-Mohawk Mt. 1-in-3 FRM Continuous BAM

Danbury-WCSU 1-in-3 FRM Continuous BAM

East Hartford-McAuliffe Pk. 1-in-1 FRM Continuous FEM

Groton-Ft. Griswold Continuous FEM 1-in-6 FRM

Hartford-Huntley Pl. 1-in-3 FRM Continuous BAM

New Haven-Criscuolo Pk. 1-in-1 FRM 1-in-3 FRM Continuous BAM

Waterbury-Bank St. 1-in-3 FRM 1-in-6 FRM Continuous FEM

Westport-Sherwood Isl. 1-in-3 FRM

DEEP performed a network-wide FRM/FEM analysis, described below, using the most current data to 

determine the efficacy of designating additional continuous BAM PM2.5 samplers as FEMs. Based on this 

review, DEEP is proposing to report all Met One BAM 1020 PM2.5 data as FEMs commencing January 1, 

2016. Given the increased availability of NAAQS compliance PM2.5 data from the continuous FEMs, DEEP 

also proposes to reduce sampling frequency to 1-in-6 days at SLAMS sites, with the exception of the two 

NCore sites and the Hartford near-road site. Because DEEP maintains sufficient PM2.5 sampling capacity in 

the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and PM2.5 design values in this area 

continue to decrease, PM2.5 sampling will be discontinued at Westport Sherwood Island State Park.

Continuous PM2.5 BAM Performance Evaluation DEEP compared the continuous PM2.5 (Met One BAM) 

data with PM2.5 FRM data for the 3-year period 2012-2014. Hourly BAM data was aggregated to valid 24-

hour averages when at least 75 percent of the hours in each day were valid. In cases where BAMs have 
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 13

been designated FEMs in 2014, the FEM and non-FEM data sets were combined for the 3-year analysis. 

Linear regressions performed on the correlation plots are given in Appendix A. The slopes and intercepts 

of the regression lines are summarized in Table 4. Figure 2 shows the results of these correlations 

graphically, where slope/intercept points enclosed by the polygon comply with EPA FEM performance 

criteria.

Table 4: CT PM2.5 FEM Performance Criteria Evaluation Summary (2012-2014 Data)

Correlation Data Summary Evaluation Summary†

Site Name AQS ID Slope Intercept R2

No. 

Data 

Pairs

Meets FEM 

Performance 

Criteria

Slope 

≥0.9 

and 

≤1.1

Intercept 

≥-2 and 

≤2

Intercept 

linear 

condition‡

Meets all 

performance 

conditions

Bridgeport 

Roosevelt 

School

09-001-

0010 1.03 0.58 0.68 321 Y 1 1 1 1

Cornwall 

Mohawk Mt

09-005-

0005 0.84 3.03 0.44 330 N 0 0 1 0

Danbury 

WCSU

09-001-

1123 1.16 0.03 0.93 341 N 0 1 0 0

East Hartford 

McAuliffe Park

09-003-

1003 1.02 1.03 0.86 979 Y 1 1 1 1

East Hartford 

High Street*

09-003-

2006 1.09 1.35 0.85 331 N 1 1 0 0

Hartford 

Huntley 

Place**

09-003-

0025 0.90 2.15 0.80 77 N 1 0 1 0

New Haven 

Criscuolo Park

09-009-

0027 1.02 1.94 0.82 1024 N 1 1 0 0

Waterbury 

Bank Street

09-009-

2123 1.06 1.03 0.76 335 Y 1 1 1 1

*Monitor/site shut down 12/31/2014, data shown for comparison.

**Incomplete data, FRM operations began March 2014.

†A value of 1 indicates condition satisfied, 0 indicates condition not satisfied

‡Intercept between 15.05-(17.32*Slope) and 15.05-(13.20*Slope)

The data indicate that three sites, Bridgeport Roosevelt School, East Hartford McAuliffe Park and 

Waterbury Bank Street, currently meet FEM criteria. The remaining sites nearly comply, with the 

exception of Cornwall, where PM2.5 concentrations are uniformly low. Given these facts, Connecticut’s 

relatively low PM2.5 design values and DEEP’s ongoing commitment to implementing best practices in 

field operations, DEEP plans to consider all MetOne BAM 1020 PM2.5 monitors FEMs and commence 

reporting this data as available for NAAQS compliance beginning January 1, 2016.

Proposed Changes in PM2.5 FRM Sampling Frequencies: DEEP proposes reductions in manual (FRM) 

sampling frequencies for most of the SLAMS PM2.5 monitors in the network, as allowed by CFR 40 

58.12(d), where manual FRM and continuous FEM samplers are co-located. All sites have design values 

well below the threshold (85 percent of NAAQS level) that requires a minimum of 1-in-3 day sampling 

frequency. Specifically, DEEP proposes to reduce the New Haven Criscuolo Park NCore sampler from 1-in1 day to 1-in-3 days, the East Hartford McAuliffe Park sampler from 1-in-1 day to 1-in-6 days, and the 

following 1-in-3 day samplers to 1-in-6 days: Bridgeport Roosevelt School, Danbury WCSU, Waterbury 

Bank Street, and New Haven Criscuolo Park collocated. Thus, the NCore and near-road manual FRM 

primary samplers will operate on the 3-day schedule, while the remainder would be on the 6-day 

schedule.

Proposed Termination of Westport PM2.5: Minimum SLAMS network design criteria1

 1 40 CFR 58 Appendix D 4.7

for PM2.5

monitoring require at least one monitor in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) having a population 

between 500,000 and 1,000,000 where design values are below 85 percent of NAAQS. Therefore, for the 

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk MSA, which has a 2013 estimated population of about 940,000 and 
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 14

maximum annual and 24-hour design values of 9.3 μg/m3 and 24 μg/m3, respectively, DEEP proposes to 

terminate the Westport monitor. Westport PM2.5 has the lowest design values (7.7 and 21 μg/m3

) and is 

less indicative of population exposure than the other monitors (Danbury and Bridgeport) within the MSA.

Figure 2: CT PM2.5 FEM Comparison with EPA Performance Standards (2012-2013 data)

Summary of Proposed PM2.5 Network: Table 5 is a summary of the proposed configuration of the 

DEEP PM2.5 network.

Table 5: Proposed PM2.5 Network Configuration

Site Primary

(NAAQS)

Collocated

(NAAQS)

Supplemental

(NAAQS)

Bridgeport-Roosevelt Sch. Continuous FEM 1-in-6 FRM

Cornwall-Mohawk Mt. 1-in-3 FRM Continuous FEM

Danbury-WCSU 1-in-6 FRM Continuous FEM

East Hartford-McAuliffe Pk. 1-in-6 FRM Continuous FEM

Groton-Ft. Griswold Continuous FEM 1-in-6 FRM

Hartford-Huntley Pl. 1-in-3 FRM Continuous FEM

New Haven-Criscuolo Pk. 1-in-3 FRM 1-in-6 FRM Continuous FEM

Waterbury-Bank St. 1-in-6 FRM 1-in-6 FRM Continuous FEM
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 15

PM10/PM10-2.5 FRM Network

DEEP operates four PM10 FRM sites in the air 

monitoring network using Thermo Partisol®-

Plus 2025/2025i sequential air samplers 

(RFPS-1298-127). The two NCore sites, 

Cornwall and New Haven, operate on a 1-in-3 

day sample schedule, while Bridgeport and 

East Hartford are operated on a 1-in-6 day 

sample schedule. The New Haven NCore site 

has a collocated PM10 FRM sampler operating 

on a 1-in-6 day sample schedule. In addition 

to the FRM PM10 monitors, three sites, 

Cornwall Mohawk Mountain, New Haven 

Criscuolo Park and Hartford Huntley Place,

have FEM Met One BAM 1020 continuous 

PM10 monitors (EQPM-0798-122). All sites 

that have PM10 FRM samplers are paired with 

PM2.5 FRM samplers for coarse PM (PM10-2.5). 

Coarse PM is defined as thoracic PM having 

particle aerodynamic diameters between 2.5 

and 10 microns. No changes to this network 

are proposed through the end of 2016.

PM Speciation Network

PM2.5 chemical speciation measurements are 

obtained at five sites in the DEEP air 

monitoring network. These include filterbased daily composite 1-in-3 day samples at 

the NCore sites, and continuous hourly black 

carbon at five sites. 

The Interagency Monitoring of Protected 

Visual Environments (IMPROVE) monitor is 

located at the Cornwall site and the Chemical 

Speciation Network (CSN) monitor is at the 

New Haven Criscuolo Park site. Both sites 

are operated on the standard EPA PM 1-in-3 

day sample schedule and provide 24-hour 

integrated filter-base measurements. 

Black carbon (BC) and ultra-violet channel 

carbon (UVC), a wood smoke PM surrogate,

are monitored at the Criscuolo Park, 

Cornwall, Hartford, East Hartford McAuliffe 

Park and Danbury WCSU sites using 7-

channel TAPI Model 633 aethalometers. No changes are proposed to the PM speciation network during 

2015-2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 16

Ozone Network

DEEP operates eleven ozone sites in the 

air monitoring network. The ozone 

analyzers at the Cornwall and New 

Haven Criscuolo Park sites are operated 

year-round, while the remaining sites 

are operated from April 1 through 

September 30. In addition to the DEEP 

network, EPA operates a seasonal 

ozone monitor in Abington (Pomfret) as 

part of its Clean Air Status and Trends 

(CASTNET) network. 

Ozone monitoring in the DEEP network 

is conducted using Teledyne-API Model

T400 UV photometric ozone analyzers 

(method EQOA-992-087). Ozone 

measurements are sent to the EPA 

AIRNow website for AQI purposes on an 

hourly basis. No changes to the ozone

monitoring network are planned

through the end of 2016.

PAMS Network

DEEP currently operates two 

Photochemical Assessment Monitoring 

Stations (PAMS) sites in the air 

monitoring network. PAMS

measurements are obtained from June 

1 through August 31 each year. PAMS 

sampling generates hourly 

measurements of 34 volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs) that are 

considered to be important precursors 

to ozone formation. Many of these 

compounds are also identified as

hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Two 

Synspec Gas Chromatographs (FID 

and PID detectors) are deployed at 

the East Hartford McAuliffe Park and 

New Haven Criscuolo Park sites. 

A third site, Westport Sherwood Island 

State Park, was discontinued at the 

end of 2014 with EPA Region 1 

approval; however, this change in the PAMS network is formally requested in this Network Plan.

The East Hartford and New Haven sites have on-site surface meteorological monitoring, and New Haven 

has a ceilometer (Vaisala CL-51) that measures boundary layer height. Additional upper air 

measurements for ozone transport modeling are obtained from regional National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) radiosondes. Carbonyl sampling at East Hartford was suspended for 

2013-2014 and will continue to be suspended for 2016 due to a re-prioritization of limited funding 

resources. No further changes to the PAMS monitoring network are anticipated through the end of 2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 17

NO2 Network

DEEP operates four nitrogen 

oxide/nitrogen dioxide/total oxides of 

nitrogen (NO/NO2/NOX or NOX) sites in 

the air monitoring network. All NOX

analyzers are Teledyne-API Model T200U 

(RFNA-1194-099) and are operated 

year-round. DEEP also operates two 

nitrogen oxide/total reactive oxides of 

nitrogen (NO/NOY) TAPI model 

T200U/501 monitors, at Cornwall 

Mohawk Mt and New Haven Criscuolo 

Park, as part of NCore requirements. NOY

is defined as NO+NO2+NOZ, where NOZ

represents higher oxides of nitrogen. The 

NO/NO2/NOX monitor at Westport was 

discontinued at the end of 2014, along 

with PAMS VOCs, with initial EPA Region 

1 approval; however, this change is 

formally proposed in this Network Plan.

The NO/NO2/NOX and NO/NOY networks 

fulfill requirements for PAMS, NCore and

SLAMS monitoring of these parameters. These requirements include: near-road NO2 monitoring 

(Hartford), area-wide NO2 monitoring (East Hartford), nationwide NO2 monitoring for susceptible and 

vulnerable populations (New Haven), NCore NO/NOY monitoring (Cornwall and New Haven), PAMS 

NO/NO2/NOX monitoring (East Hartford and New Haven) and NO/NOY monitoring at one PAMS site (New 

Haven). In addition, NO/NO2/NOX is monitored at Cornwall to complement and support NO/NOY

monitoring.

Nitrogen oxide and total reactive oxides of nitrogen (NO/NOY) monitoring is required at one of the PAMS 

sites (in addition to NCore), which should be either an upwind background (Type 1) or a maximum ozone 

(Type 2 or Type 3) site. The New Haven Criscuolo Park site monitor is intended to satisfy the PAMS 

requirement for NO/NOY at a Type 2 PAMS site.

Aside from discontinuing monitoring at Westport, no further changes to the NOX network are proposed for 

the period 2015-2016. However, the recent NO2 NAAQS rule changes (January 22, 2010, revised March 

7, 2013) would require near-road NO2 monitoring in the Bridgeport-Stamford and New Haven-Milford 

MSAs by January 1, 2017. As such, planning for these monitors would begin in late 2015, but 

implementation would be dependent on EPA funding.

CO Network

DEEP operates five carbon monoxide (CO) 

sites in the air monitoring network. All CO 

samplers are operated year-round and 

employ TE 48i- TLE analyzers (RFCA0981-054). Of the 5 sites, New Haven 

and Cornwall comply with the requirement 

for CO monitoring at NCore sites, Hartford 

and Bridgeport monitor under CO limited 

maintenance plans, and East Hartford and 

New Haven include CO as a complement 

to PAMS monitoring. 

EPA’s most recent revision to the CO 

NAAQS rule, finalized August 12, 2011, 

specifies CO monitoring collocated with 

NO2 near-road monitors in CBSAs with 

populations greater than 1,000,000. This 

requirement applies to the Hartford-West 

Hartford-East Hartford MSA. CO 
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 18

monitoring at the Huntley Place site meets the local monitoring requirement for DEEP’s Hartford area CO 

limited maintenance plan (DEEP, 2004), as well as the near-road CO monitoring requirement. No changes 

to the CO monitoring network are anticipated through the end of 2016.

SO2 Network

DEEP operates four sulfur dioxide (SO2) sites in the air monitoring network. All samplers are TE 43i-TLE

SO2 analyzers (EQSA-0486-060) and are operated year-round. Both 1-hour and 5-minute block average 

SO2 data are validated and reported to EPA. 

The Bridgeport Edison School and the East 

Hartford McAuliffe Park SO2 monitors continue to 

satisfy the requirements of the June 2, 2010 SO2

final NAAQS rule2 for population-weighted 

emissions index (PWEI) monitoring in the 

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk and Hartford-East 

Hartford-West Hartford CBSAs, respectively. In 

addition, SO2 monitoring is required at both the 

Cornwall Mohawk Mountain and the New Haven 

Criscuolo Park NCore sites. 

EPA’s June 2010 SO2 final NAAQS rule and 

subsequent proposed SO2 data requirements 

rule3, proposed on May 13, 2014, indicate that, 

in addition to design values from NCore and 

PWEI-required monitoring, EPA may use refined 

dispersion modeling and/or source monitoring for 

SO2 attainment designations based on source emissions and area population thresholds. Although not 

likely based on proposed source thresholds, it is possible that additional (source) monitoring may be 

required by the final rule. No changes to the SO2 monitoring network are anticipated through the end of 

2016.

Lead (Pb) Network

The DEEP Pb monitoring network consists of 

primary 1-in-6 day and collocated 1-in-12 day 

sampling at the New Haven Criscuolo Park 

urban NCore site in fufillment of the revised 

Pb NAAQS and monitoring requirements 

promulgated in December 2010. No additional 

Pb monitors are required for stationary source

or airport monitoring as required by the rule.

4

 2

Lead measurements are obtained from 

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) 

analysis of the 47 mm Teflon filter samples 

collected using a low-volume (lo-vol) FRM 

R&P Partisol Plus 2025 PM10 Sequential Air 

Samplers. Although the Pb NAAQS is defined 

as 0.15 μg/m3 lead in total suspended 

particulates (TSP), Pb monitoring regulations 

allow surrogate monitoring of Pb in PM10, 

providing that design values are below twothirds of the NAAQS, or 0.10 μg/m3

. New Haven Pb values continue to remain well below this threshold, 

with a 2014 design value of 0.04 μg/m3

, while most monthly averages are in the range of 0.00-0.01 

μg/m3

.

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/so2/fr/20100622.pdf

3 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-05-13/pdf/2014-09458.pdf

4 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-12-27/pdf/2010-32153.pdf
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 19

Monitoring of Pb-PM10 at the New Haven site since 2010 has shown no levels of concern. In anticipation of 

40 CFR Part 58 rule changes allowing discontinuation of monitoring under certain conditions, DEEP 

proposes to work with EPA to suspend Pb-PM10 monitoring at the New Haven site during 2015-2016 as 

allowed by the timing specified in the final amendments to 40 CFR Part 58 (pending July 1, 2015).

Figure 3: Pb-PM10 Monitored Levels, 2010-2014
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 20

Detailed Site Information

The following section presents detailed information for each monitoring site, such as: identification code, 

location, history, monitored parameters, monitoring objectives, history and descriptive information.

Town – Site: Pomfret – Abington

County: Windham Latitude: 41.84046°

Address: 80 Ayers Road Longitude: -72.010368°

AQS Site ID: 09-015-9991 Elevation: 209 m (686 ft)

Spatial Scale: Regional Year Established: 1993

Statistical Area: CBSA Willimantic, CT PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non- FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN)

PM Speciation (IMPROVE)PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous)OzoneSO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Abington site is a regional-scale site located in a rural/agricultural area in 

northeast Connecticut in the town of Pomfret. This site is operated by the National Park Service under 

the direction of EPA as part of their Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET). It is located on a 

hilltop approximately 2.3 km south of State Route (SR) 44 and 0.6 km east of SR 97. The site includes a 

portable shed located in the center of an agricultural field that is surrounded by forest. DEEP tracks 

ambient air quality and quality assurance data from the site but is not responsible for site operations and 

planning.

Monitoring Objectives: The Abington monitoring site objective is to collect ozone measurements to 

assess long-terms trends as part of the national CASTNET network. The site will also be used to 

determine compliance with the ozone NAAQS in Windham County.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: (This site is not under the operational control or purview of DEEP 

and is included in this Network Plan for informational purposes only.)
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 21

Town – Site: Bridgeport – Edison School

County: Fairfield Latitude: 41.19500°

Address: 115 Boston Terrace Longitude: -73.16350°

AQS Site ID: 09-001-0012 Elevation: 34 m (110 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 1983

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone SO2

CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Edison School site is a neighborhood-scale site located in southwestern 

Connecticut in the town of Bridgeport. This site is located 170 m to the north of Rte 1, 2.2 km to the 

north of I-95 and 2.7 km to the east of Rte 8. Residential neighborhoods are located in all directions of 

the site. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has been approved internally by DEEP 

and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The Bridgeport Edison School monitoring site objective is to collect SO2

measurements for compliance purposes and to potentially address the source-oriented monitoring 

requirement for the 2010 1-hour SO2 NAAQS. The monitor satisfies the requirement for population 

weighted emission index (PWEI) monitoring within the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk CBSA.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: None
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 22

Town – Site: Bridgeport – Roosevelt School

County: Fairfield Latitude: 41.17086°

Address: Park Avenue Longitude: -73.19476°

AQS Site ID: 09-001-0010 Elevation: 7 m (23 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 1982

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/3

1/6 X 1/6 X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Roosevelt School site is a neighborhood-scale site located in southwestern 

Connecticut in the town of Bridgeport. This site is located 50 m to the north of I-95 and 200 m to the 

west of the I-95 and Rte 8 interchange. This coastal site is located in a schoolyard and residential 

neighborhoods are present in every direction of the site. This site meets all siting requirements and 

criteria and has been approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The Bridgeport Roosevelt School monitoring site objectives include collecting 

PM2.5 FRM measurements for compliance purposes and continuous PM2.5 for AQI and forecasting 

purposes. The PM2.5 BAM and has been designated as an FEM to be used to determine NAAQS compliance 

as well. CO measurements will continue to be conducted at this site per requirements of the CO limited 

maintenance plan (LMP).

Planned changes for 2015-2016: Change PM2.5 FRM sampling frequency from 1/3 to 1/6 on January 1, 

2016. DEEP plans to replace the shelter building during 2015-2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 23

Town – Site: Cornwall – Mohawk Mountain

County: Litchfield Latitude: 41.82140°

Address: Mohawk Mountain Longitude: -73.29733°

AQS Site ID: 09-005-0005 Elevation: 505 m (1656 ft)

Spatial Scale: Regional Year Established: 1988

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/3 P X 1/3 X 1/3 X X X X X X X X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Mohawk Mountain site is a regional-scale site located in northwestern 

Connecticut in the town of Cornwall. The site is located at the summit of Mohawk Mountain with an 

elevation of 505 m (1656 ft), and is approximately 17 km to the east of the New York border and 25 km 

to the south of the Massachusetts border. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has 

been approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The primary monitoring objectives are to meet NCore requirements for O3, CO, 

SO2, NO, NOy, PM2.5 FRM, PM10 FRM, PM10-2.5 FRM, PM2.5 speciation, continuous PM2.5 and surface 

meteorology. NOx monitoring is conducted to support NOy monitoring at the site. PM2.5 chemical 

speciation measurements are collected through the IMPROVE network as one-in-three day 24-hour 

samples and by continuous analyzers for fine particulate carbon parameters (BC/UVC).

Planned changes for 2015-2016: Report continuous PM2.5 as FEM to AQS as of January 1, 2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 24

Town – Site: Danbury – Western Connecticut State University

County: Fairfield Latitude: 41.398692°

Address: White Street Longitude: -73.443148°

AQS Site ID: 09-001-1123 Elevation: 116 m (380 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 1974

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/3

1/6 P X X X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Western Connecticut State University (WCSU) site is a neighborhood site located 

in western Connecticut in the town of Danbury. This site is located on the top level of a parking garage 

on the WCSU campus. This site is located approximately 140 m to the southeast of I-84 on White Street. 

Residential neighborhoods are located in all directions of the site. This site meets all siting requirements 

and criteria and has been approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The Danbury WCSU monitoring site objectives include collecting PM2.5 FRM 

measurements for compliance purposes and continuous PM2.5 for AQI and forecasting purposes. Ozone is 

measured at the Danbury site for compliance assessment and AQI forecast reporting.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: Report PM2.5 continuous data as FEM and change PM2.5 FRM 

sampling frequency from 1/3 to 1/6 as of January 1, 2016. DEEP plans to replace the shelter building 

during 2015-2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 25

Town – Site: East Hartford – McAuliffe Park

County: Hartford Latitude: 41.78471°

Address: McAuliffe Park Longitude: -72.63158°

AQS Site ID: 09-003-1003 Elevation: 15 m (50 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 1981

Statistical Area: CSA (Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone SO2 CO

NO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/1

1/6 X 1/6 X X X X X X X X X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The McAuliffe Park site is neighborhood-scale site located in central Connecticut in the 

town of East Hartford. The site is located approximately 120 m to the east of Rte 5, 2.0 km to the east 

of I-91 and 2.5 km to the south of I-291. This site is located 3.7 km to the northeast of the city of 

Hartford. Residential neighborhoods are located in all directions of this site. This site meets all siting 

requirements and criteria and has been approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

DEEP upgraded the air monitoring equipment shelter during Fall of 2013, during which time most 

monitors experienced some data loss.

Monitoring Objectives: The East Hartford McAuliffe Park monitoring site objectives include collecting 

PM2.5 FRM measurements for compliance purposes and continuous PM2.5 for AQI and forecasting 

purposes. The SO2 monitor satisfies the PWEI requirement for the Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford 

CBSA. A PM10 FRM is operated for compliance purposes, as well as to gather PM10-2.5 measurements. 

Ozone is measured at the McAuliffe Park site for compliance assessment and AQI and forecast reporting.

PAMS and NOx monitoring is conducted to obtain measurements of ozone precursors. CO measurements 

are being collected to complement the PAMS measurements.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: Change PM2.5 FRM sampling frequency from 1/1 to 1/6. 
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 26

Town – Site: Greenwich – Point Park

County: Fairfield Latitude: 41.005047°

Address: Point Park Longitude: -73.58382°

AQS Site ID: 09-001-0017 Elevation: 3 m (10 ft)

Spatial Scale: Urban Year Established: 1978

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Greenwich Point Park site is an urban-scale site located is southwestern 

Connecticut on the Long Island Sound in Greenwich. This is a coastal site located approximately 3.0 km 

to the southeast and 5.0 km to the northeast of the New York border. This site meets all siting 

requirements and criteria and has been approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I

.

Monitoring Objectives: The Greenwich Point Park monitoring site objectives include collecting ozone 

measurements for compliance assessment and AQI and forecast reporting. 

Planned changes for 2015-2016: None
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 27

Town – Site: Groton – Fort Griswold

County: New London Latitude: 41.35362°

Address: 141 Smith Street Longitude: -72.07882°

AQS Site ID: 09-011-0124 Elevation: 37 m (120 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 2007

Statistical Area: MSA (Norwich-New London) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE)

PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous)OzoneSO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/6 X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Fort Griswold site is a neighborhood-scale site located in southeastern 

Connecticut in the town of Groton. This site is located approximately 1.1 km to the south of I-95 and 0.5 

km to the east of the New London Harbor. Residential neighborhoods are located in all directions of this 

site. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has been approved internally by DEEP and 

independently by EPA Region I. During 2012, the site was moved to a new shelter approximately 15 

meters south of the old shelter.

Monitoring Objectives: The Groton Fort Griswold monitoring site objectives include monitoring of the 

two key pollutants, ozone and PM2.5, for the southeastern part of Connecticut. Ozone is measured at the 

Fort Griswold site for compliance assessment and AQI and forecast reporting. PM2.5 is currently monitored 

for AQI reporting and has been designated as an FEM to be used to determine NAAQS compliance.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: None
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 28

Town – Site: Hartford – Huntley Place

County: Hartford Latitude: 41.771444°

Address: 10 Huntley Place Longitude: -72.679923°

AQS Site ID: 09-003-0025 Elevation: 57.2 m (187.7 ft)

Spatial Scale: Near Road Year Established: 2013

Statistical Area: CSA (Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic)

 

PM2.5 (FRM)PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated)PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM)PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM)PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM)

PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated)PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous)

Lead-PM10

Lead-PM10 (Collocated)PM Speciation (CSN)

PM Speciation (IMPROVE)PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous)OzoneSO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/3 P X X X X X X X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Huntley Place site is a near-road site located in north central Hartford. The site, 

located on the north west side of US I-84, is approximately 0.25 km to the west of the US I-91 corridor 

and the Founders and Buckley Bridges over the Connecticut River. Residential neighborhoods are located 

to the north, east and west of the site. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has been 

approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I. 

Monitoring Objectives: The Near Road monitoring objective will focus monitoring resources to capture 

short-term NO2 concentrations near heavily trafficked roads, to assess area-wide NO2 concentrations, and 

to assess NO2 concentrations for vulnerable and susceptible populations in adjacent neighborhoods. The 

data will be also used to help determine compliance with the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS as established by EPA in 

2010. This site also collects CO, continuous PM2.5 & PM10 (BAM), BC/UVC and traffic counts. DEEP is 

began operating a PM2.5 FRM sampler at the site in March, 2014.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: Report continuous PM2.5 as FEM to AQS as of January 1, 2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 29

Town – Site: Madison – Hammonasset State Park

County: New Haven Latitude: 41.25984°

Address: Hammonasset SP Longitude: -72.55018°

AQS Site ID: 09-009-9002 Elevation: 3 m (10 ft)

Spatial Scale: Regional Year Established: 1981

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Hammonasset State Park site is a regional-scale site located in central coastal 

Connecticut in the town of Madison. This site is located approximately 1.5 km to the south of Rte 1 and 

3.0 km to the south of I-95 on the Long Island Sound. Residential neighborhoods are located primarily 

to the northeast, north and northwest of the site. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and 

has been approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I. On August 30, 2012, the site 

was relocated approximately 450 meters to the southwest within the park due to storm damage at the 

previous location. The previous AQS ID was 09-009-3002.

Monitoring Objectives: The Madison Hammonasset State Park monitoring site objective is to collect 

ozone measurements for compliance assessment and AQI forecast reporting.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: None
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 30

Town – Site: Middletown – Central Valley Hospital

County: Middlesex Latitude: 41.55224°

Address: Shew Hall Longitude: -72.63004°

AQS Site ID: 09-007-0007 Elevation: 58 m (190 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 1980

Statistical Area: CSA (Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone SO2 CO

NO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Middletown Central Valley Hospital site is a neighborhood-scale site located in 

central Connecticut. This site is located approximately 0.2 km to the east of Rte 9. Residential 

neighborhoods are located to the west, north and south of this site. This site meets all siting 

requirements and criteria with the exception of the height requirement. A height requirement waiver has 

been approved and granted by EPA Region I and EPA Headquarters. This site has been approved 

internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The Middletown Central Valley Hospital monitoring site objective is to collect 

ozone measurements for compliance assessment and AQI forecast reporting.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: None
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 31

Town – Site: New Haven – Criscuolo Park

County: New Haven Latitude: 41.30117°

Address: 1 James Street Longitude: -72.90288°

AQS Site ID: 09-009-0027 Elevation: 3 m (10 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 2004

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/1

1/3 1/6 P X 1/3 1/6 X 1/6 1/12 1/3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Criscuolo Park site is a neighborhood-scale site located on the western side of the 

city of New Haven. The site is approximately 0.25 km to the north of the I-95 Quinnipiac River Bridge. 

The site is approximately 1.0 km to the east of the I-91 and I-95 interchange. Bulk gasoline transfer 

stations are located 0.3 to 2.0 km to the south of the site. Residential neighborhoods are located to the 

west, north and east of the site. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has been 

approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The primary monitoring objectives are to meet NCore requirements for O3, CO, 

SO2, NO, NOy, PM2.5 FRM, PM10 FRM, PM10-2.5 FRM, Pb, PM2.5 speciation, continuous PM2.5 and surface 

meteorology. NOx monitoring is conducted to support NOy monitoring at the site and in partial fulfillment 

of the requirement for NO2 monitoring of vulnerable and sensitive populations 40 nationwide sites 

selected by the Regional Administrators. PM2.5 chemical speciation measurements are collected through 

the Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) as one-in-three day 24-hour samples and by continuous 

analyzers for fine particulate carbon parameters (BC/UVC and EC/OC) and sulfate. Ozone is measured at 

the Criscuolo Park site for compliance assessment and AQI forecast reporting. PAMS and NOx monitoring 

is conducted to obtain measurements of ozone precursors. 

Planned changes for 2015-2016: Change PM2.5 FRM sampling frequency from 1/1 to 1/3 and report 

continuous PM2.5 as FEM to AQS as of January 1, 2016. Discontinue Pb-PM10 sampling during 2015-2016

as allowed by 40 CFR 58 final rule (pending as of July 1, 2015).
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 32

Town – Site: Stafford – Shenipsit State Forest

County: Tolland Latitude: 41.97568°

Address: Route 190 Longitude: -72.38674°

AQS Site ID: 09-013-1001 Elevation: 265 m (869 ft)

Spatial Scale: Regional Year Established: 1980

Statistical Area: CBSA (Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone SO2 CO

NO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Shenipsit State Forest site is a regional-scale site that is located in northern 

Connecticut in the town of Stafford. The site is approximately 100 m to the south of Rte 190, 17 km to 

the east of I-91 and 12 km to the northwest of I-84. This site is located 34 km to the northeast of the 

city of Hartford. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has been approved internally by 

DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The Stafford Shenipsit State Forest monitoring site objective is to collect ozone 

measurements for compliance assessment and AQI forecasting purposes.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: None
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 33

Town – Site: Stratford – Lighthouse 

County: Fairfield Latitude: 41.15181°

Address: Prospect Drive Longitude: -73.10334°

AQS Site ID: 09-001-3007 Elevation: 3 m (10 ft)

Spatial Scale: Regional Year Established: 1980

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Stratford Lighthouse site is a regional-scale site located in southwestern 

Connecticut in the town of Stratford. This is a coastal site that is located 4.5 km to the southeast of I-95 

and is directly on the Long Island Sound. This site is approximately 45 km to the northeast of the New 

York border. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has been approved internally by 

DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The Stratford Lighthouse monitoring site objective is to collect ozone 

measurements for compliance assessment and AQI forecasting purposes.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: None
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 34

Town – Site: Waterbury – Meadow & Bank Street

County: New Haven Latitude: 41.55046°

Address: Meadow & Bank Longitude: -73.04365°

AQS Site ID: 09-009-2123 Elevation: 80 m (269 ft)

Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Year Established: 1975

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/3

1/6 1/6 X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Waterbury site is a neighborhood-scale site located in western Connecticut at 

Meadow Street and Bank Street in the Naugatuck River Valley. This site is approximately 170 m to the 

south of I-84, 300 m to the east of Rte 8 and 0.75 km to the east of the I-84 and Rte 8 interchange. 

Residential neighborhoods are located in all directions of the site. This site meets all siting requirements 

and criteria and has been approved internally by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: The Waterbury Meadow & Bank Street site monitoring objectives include 

collecting PM2.5 FRM measurements for compliance purposes and continuous PM2.5 for AQI forecast 

reporting. The PM2.5 BAM and has been designated as an FEM to be used to determine NAAQS 

compliance as well. A collocated FRM sampler is operated at this site to gather FRM precision data. 

Planned changes for 2015-2016: Change PM2.5 FRM sampling frequency from 1/3 to 1/6 on January 1, 

2016. DEEP plans to replace the shelter building during 2015-2016.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 35

Town – Site: Westport – Sherwood Island State Park

County: Fairfield Latitude: 41.11822°

Address: Sherwood Island SP Longitude: -73.33681°

AQS Site ID: 09-001-9003 Elevation: 4 m (13 ft)

Spatial Scale: Regional Year Established: 1996

Statistical Area: CSA (New York-Newark-Bridgeport) PM2.5 (FRM) PM2.5 (FRM, Collocated) PM2.5 (Continuous - FEM) PM2.5 (Continuous – non-FEM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM) PM10/PM-Coarse (FRM, Collocated) PM10/PM-Coarse (Continuous) Lead-PM10 Lead-PM10 (Collocated) PM Speciation (CSN) PM Speciation (IMPROVE) PM2.5 Carbon (BC/UVC, Continuous) Ozone

SO2CONO/NO2/NOx

NOyVOCs (PAMS)Traffic Count

Wind SpeedWind DirectionTemperatureDew Point / Rel. HumidityBarometric PressureSolar Radiation

1/3 X X X X X X

X=Existing, P =Proposed, = Planned to terminate

Site Description: The Westport Sherwood Island State Park site is a regional-scale site located in 

southwestern Connecticut. This is a coastal site that is approximately 0.5 km to the south of I-95 on the 

Long Island Sound. This site meets all siting requirements and criteria and has been approved internally 

by DEEP and independently by EPA Region I.

Monitoring Objectives: Ozone is measured at the Westport site for compliance assessment and AQI 

forecast reporting.

Planned changes for 2015-2016: PAMS VOC and NO/NO2/NOx monitoring was discontinued 

December 31, 2014. Proposed to discontinue PM2.5 FRM sampling on December 31, 2015.
Connecticut 2015 Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 36

References

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (2004). Limited Maintenance Plans for the Hartford, 

the New Haven, and the Connecticut Portion of the New York/New Jersey/Connecticut Carbon Monoxide 

Maintenance Areas. June 18, 2004
Appendix A PM2.5 FRM vs Continuous Correlation Charts




Appendix B Public Comments Received With DEEP Responses
Response to EPA-New England June 3, 2015 Comments on Network Plan

DEEP acknowledges the following numbered comments that do not require a specific response 

or Network Plan edits: 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7. DEEP’s responses to the remaining comments are 

given below.

2. DEEP had proposed to discontinue lead (Pb-PM10) sampling on September 30, 2015. We 

acknowledge that shutdown of this monitor is contingent on the timing and final language of 

EPA’s 40 CFR Part 58 rulemaking. This has been clarified in the Lead Network discussion 

section on page 19 and in the New Haven monitoring summary on page 31.

4. The monitoring objectives for the Westport station have been edited to remove 

references to ozone (page 35), NOX and VOC monitoring. DEEP will consider adding VOC 

monitoring to the Hartford near road site in the future, but does not propose to do so within 

the time frame of this Network Plan.

8. Language has been added in the SO2 Network discussion (page 18) that allows that the 

SO2 Data Requirements Rule may require additional monitoring.

9. The color coding errors in the Cornwall monitoring summary chart on page 23 have 

been corrected to show PM2.5 (continuous FEM) as “proposed” and PM2.5 (continuous non-FEM) 

as “planned to terminate.”

10. The date for the planned PM2.5 sampling frequency changes at Waterbury has been 

corrected to January 1, 2016.