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REPORT PERIOD: CY 2020 

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Table of Contents 

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States ............................................................. viii 

SECTION I: COVERED TRANSACTIONS .......................................................................................................... 1 

lntroduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 

A. Information Regarding 2020 Covered Transaction Declarations ............................................................. .4 

1. Information Regarding 2020 Declarations ................................................................................... 6 

2. Declarations by Country or Economy, 2018-2020 ..................................................................... 11 

3. Information on Committee Turnaround for Acceptance ........................................................... 13 

4. Waivers Granted of Mandatory Filing Requirement .................................................................. 14 

B. Information Regarding 2020 Covered Transaction Notices .................................................................... 15 

C. Specific, Cumulative, and Trend Data for Covered Transactions, Withdrawals, and Investigations ...... 16 

1. Committee Turnaround of Comments, Acceptance, Notices .................................................... 18 

D. Covered Notices by Business Sector and Country .................................................................................. 19 

1. Covered Notices by Business Sector of U.S. Companies, 2011-2020 ......................................... 19 

2. Covered Notices by Country or Economy, 2018-2020 ............................................................... 35 

E. Withdrawn Notices .................................................................................................................................. 39 

F. Mitigation Measures and Conditions ...................................................................................................... 40 

G. Perceived Adverse Effects of Covered Transactions .............................................................................. .43 

H. Compliance Plans and Assessment of Compliance with Mitigation Agreements and Conditions ........ .47 

I. Non-Notified Transactions ....................................................................................................................... 48 

J. Committee Hiring ..................................................................................................................................... 49 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Table of Contents, continued 

SECTION II: CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................ 50 

A. Whether There Is Credible Evidence of a Coordinated Strategy to Acquire Critical Technology 

Companies ................................................................................................................................................... 50 

1. Key Judgments ............................................................................................................................ 50 

2. Summary of Foreign M&A Activity in the United States ............................................................ 51 

3. Frequency of Activity by Countries and Companies .................................................................. 51 

B. Whether Foreign Governments Used Espionage Activities to Obtain Commercial Secrets Related to 

Critical Technologies ................................................................................................................................... 52 

1. Key Finding ................................................................................................................................. 52 

SECTION Ill: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BY COUNTRIES THAT BOYCOTT 

ISRAEL OR DO NOT BAN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS ............................................................................. 54 

A. Summary of Findings and Conclusions of Study ..................................................................................... 54 

B. Study Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 55 

C. Detailed Findings of Study ....................................................................................................................... 56 

APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................... 58 

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Cf I US - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

The Committee on foreign Investment in the United States 

Authority and Composition 

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS or the "Committee") is an interagency 

body of the U.S. Government that is authorized by law to review certain transactions involving foreign 

investment in the United States. The review is solely to determine the effect of the transaction on the 

national security of the United States. 

CFIUS member agencies include the Departments of the Treasury (chair), State, Defense, Justice, 

Commerce, Energy, and Homeland Security; the Office of the United States Trade Representative; and 

the Office of Science and Technology Policy within the Executive Office of the President. The Office of 

the Director of National Intelligence and the Department of Labor are ex-officio members, and five 

White House offices are observers. As needed to assess the national security effects of a transaction, 

CFIUS involves other federal government agencies in its reviews, such as the Departments of 

Transportation, Health and Human Services, and Agriculture. 

CFIUS operates pursuant to section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (Section 

721), and as implemented by Executive Order 11858, as amended, and the regulations at chapter VIII of 

title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.). 

On August 13, 2018, the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 (FIRRMA) was 

enacted, which, among other things, amended Section 721.1 FIRRMA strengthened and modernized 

CFIUS to enhance its ability to address national security concerns, including by broadening the 

authorities of the President and CFIUS to review and take action to address any national security 

concerns arising from certain non-controlling investments and real estate transactions involving foreign 

persons. FIRRMA also made various amendments and changes to the CFIUS review process. Certain of 

the amendments and changes took effect immediately upon enactment; others took effect after 

enactment, with the remainder of changes taking full effect in 2020 and through implementing 

regulations. 

Process 

With the exception of certain transactions that are subject to the mandatory filing requirement 

authorized under FIRRMA, parties voluntarily submit declarations or notices of transactions to CFIUS. 

CFIUS also has had, and continues to have, the authority to review pending or completed transactions 

even absent a voluntary filing by the parties if a member of the Committee has reason to believe that 

the transaction is subject to CFIUS jurisdiction and may raise national security concerns. 

Until FIRRMA's enactment, CFIUS was required to complete a "review" of a notified transaction within 

30 days. CFIUS could initiate an "investigation" that could last up to 45 additional days if CFIUS 

determined that it needed additional time to complete its assessment following the conclusion of the 

"review" period. Immediately upon enactment of FIRRMA, the review period was extended from 30 

days to 45 days. The investigation period remains 45 days. 

FIRRMA modernized CFIUS's processes to better enable timely and effective reviews of transactions 

falling under its jurisdiction, including by introducing the concept of a declaration: an abbreviated 

1 Prior to FIRRMA, Section 721 was last amended by the Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007 (FINSA). 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

notification to which the Committee must respond within a 30-day assessment period as an alternative 

to a voluntary notice, which has been the traditional means of filing a transaction with CFIUS. 

CFIUS will conclude all action with respect to a transaction (i.e., clear it to proceed if it has not already 

closed) if it determines that the transaction does not pose any unresolved national security concerns, 

that any national security concerns are adequately addressed by laws other than Section 721 and the 

International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), or that mitigation measures agreed to or 

imposed by CFIUS address any unresolved national security concerns. If CFIUS determines that the 

transaction poses unresolved national security concerns, it will refer the transaction to the President 

unless the parties choose to abandon the transaction. The President may suspend or prohibit the 

transaction, including by requiring divestment. By law, the President has 15 days after completion of 

CFIUS's investigation to make a decision. The President must publicly announce such a decision. 

CFIUS will seek mitigation measures or refer a transaction to the President only after such action is 

justified in a detailed written analysis of the national security risk posed by the transaction. CFIUS 

determinations are confirmed at senior levels by all CFIUS member agencies. 

With limited exceptions, any transaction submitted to CFIUS for review that CFIUS determines is subject 

to its jurisdiction-i.e., a "covered transaction" or equivalent under the regulations at chapter VIII of title 

31 of the C.F.R.-and for which it concludes all action receives a "safe harbor." This means that CFIUS 

and the President will not subject the transaction to review again, absent certain exceptional 

circumstances (e.g., discovery of material misstatement). 

By law, CFIUS does not publicly disclose information provided to CFIUS by parties to a transaction, nor 

does it reveal the fact that parties have submitted a transaction for review. 

Critical Technologies Pilot Program 

On October 11, 2018, the Department of the Treasury, as chair of CFIUS, issued temporary regulations 

to protect U.S. companies with critical technologies from potentially harmful foreign investments (the 

"Pilot Program"). See 83 Fed. Reg. 51322 (October 11, 2018). The Pilot Program implemented 

authorities provided under FIRRMA that expand the scope of transactions subject to CFIUS jurisdiction 

to include certain non-controlling investments in U.S. businesses involved in critical technologies. The 

Pilot Program also implemented a provision in FIRRMA allowing CFIUS to require declarations, which the 

Pilot Program requires for transactions that fall within its scope. 

The Pilot Program commenced on November 10, 2018, and was in effect through February 12, 2020. It 

ended on February 13, 2020, when the omnibus FIRRMA regulations were implemented. See 85 Fed. 

Reg. 3112 (January 17, 2020). Under the Pilot Program and consistent with FIRRMA, CFIUS conducted 

30-day "assessments" of declarations. Upon conclusion of an assessment CFIUS could take one of four 

actions: (1) complete all action with respect to a transaction (i.e., clear it to proceed); (2) determine that 

CFIUS is unable to complete action with respect to the transaction on the basis of the declaration; (3) 

request that the parties to the transaction file a written notice; or (4) initiate a unilateral review of the 

transaction. 

Information on transactions subject to the Pilot Program is included in the summary data at Section B 

and the data on declarations at Section A (which also includes information on non-Pilot Program 

declarations submitted on or after February 13, 2020). 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

This Annual Report 

This CFIUS Annual Report ("Annual Report" or "Report") covers transactions filed with CFIUS in calendar 

year 2020, and describes the CFIUS process after full implementation of FIRRMA. Among other things, 

FIRRMA includes new reporting requirements that became effective 18 months after the enactment of 

FIRRMA (i.e., on February 13, 2020). 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

SECTION I: COVERED TRANSACTIONS 

Introduction 

This section of the Annual Report has been prepared in accordance with the following information 

requirements under Section 721(m) and as applicable for the reporting period (calendar year 2020): 

A. a list of all notices filed and all reviews or investigations of covered transactions completed 

during the period, withi. a description of the outcome of each review or investigation, including whether an 

agreement was entered into or condition was imposed under Section 721(1)(3)(A) with 

respect to the transaction being reviewed or investigated, and whether the President 

took any action under this section with respect to that transaction; 

ii. basic information on each party to each such transaction; 

iii. the nature of the business activities or products of the United States business with 

which the transaction was entered into or intended to be entered into; and 

iv. information about any withdrawal from the process. 

B. specific, cumulative, and, as appropriate, trend information on the numbers of filings, 

investigations, withdrawals, and decisions or actions by the President under Section 721; 

C. cumulative and, as appropriate, trend information on the business sectors involved in the filings 

which have been made, and the countries from which the investments have originated; 

D. information on whether companies that withdrew a notice to the Committee in accordance 

with Section 721(b)(1)(C)(ii) later refiled such notices, or, alternatively, abandoned the 

transaction; 

E. the types of security arrangements and conditions the Committee has used to mitigate national 

security concerns about a transaction, including a discussion of the methods that the 

Committee and any lead agency are using to determine compliance with such arrangements or 

conditions; 

F. a detailed discussion of all perceived adverse effects of covered transactions on the national 

security or critical infrastructure of the United States that the Committee will take into account 

in its deliberations during the period before delivery of the next report, to the extent possible; 

G. statistics on compliance plans conducted and actions taken by the Committee under Section 

721(1)(6), including subparagraph (D) of Section 721(1)(6), during that period, a general 

assessment of the compliance of parties with agreements entered into and conditions imposed 

under Section 721(1)(3)(A) that are in effect during that period, including a description of any 

actions taken by the Committee to impose penalties or initiate a unilateral review pursuant to 

Section 721(b)(1)(D)(iii), and any recommendations for improving the enforcement of such 

agreements and conditions; 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

H. cumulative and, as appropriate, trend information on the number of declarations filed under 

Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v), the actions taken by the Committee in response to those declarations, 

the business sectors involved in those declarations, and the countries involved in those 

declarations; 

I. a description ofi. the methods used by the Committee to identify non-notified and non-declared 

transactions under Section 721(b)(l)(H); 

ii. potential methods to improve such identification and the resources required to do so; 

and 

iii. the number of transactions identified through the process established under that 

subsection during the reporting period and the number of such transactions flagged for 

further review; 

J. a summary of the hiring practices and policies of the Committee pursuant to Section 721(k)(4); 

and 

K. a list of the waivers granted by the Committee under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v)(IV)(bb)(CC). 

Sub-section 721(m)(4)(B) specifies that the classified version the Annual Report include the following 

information, as applicable: 

L. if the Committee recommended that the President suspend or prohibit a covered transaction 

because the transaction threatened to impair the national security of the United States, a 

notification to Congress of the recommendation. 

Additionally, Section 721(m) specifies that the unclassified version of the Annual Report include the 

following information, as applicable: 

• the number of notices submitted under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(i); 

• the number of declarations submitted under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v) and the number of such 

declarations that were required under subclause (IV) of Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v); 

• the number of declarations submitted under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v) for which the Committee 

required resubmission as notices under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(i); 

• the average number of days that elapsed between submission of a declaration under Section 

721(b)(l)(C)(v) and the acceptance of the declaration by the Committee; 

• the median and average number of days that elapsed between acceptance of a declaration by 

the Committee and a response described in Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v)(III); 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

• information on the time it took the Committee to provide comments on, or to accept, notices 

submitted under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(i), including-

• the average number of business days that elapsed between the date of submission of a 

draft notice and the date on which the Committee provided written comments on the draft 

notice; 

• the average number of business days that elapsed between the date of submission of a 

formal written notice and the date on which the Committee accepted or provided written 

comments on the formal written notice; and 

• if the average number of business days for a response by the Committee reported under 

the prior sub-bullets exceeded 10 business days11 an explanation of the causes of such delays, including whether such delays are 

caused by resource shortages, unusual fluctuations in the volume of notices, 

transaction characteristics, or other factors; and 

11 an explanation of the steps that the Committee anticipates taking to mitigate 

the causes of such delays and otherwise to improve the ability of the Committee 

to provide comments on, or to accept, notices within 10 business days; 

• the number of reviews or investigations conducted under Section 721(b); 

• the number of investigations that were subject to an extension under Section 

721(b)(2)(C)(ii); 

• information on the duration of those reviews and investigations, including the median and 

average number of days required to complete those reviews and investigations; 

• the number of notices submitted under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(i) and declarations submitted 

under Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v) that were rejected by the Committee; 

• the number of such notices and declarations that were withdrawn by a party to the 

covered transaction; 

• the number of such withdrawals that were followed by the submission of a subsequent 

such notice or declaration relating to a substantially similar covered transaction; and 

• such other specific, cumulative, or trend information that the Committee determines is 

advisable to provide for an assessment of the time required for reviews and investigations 

of covered transactions under this section. 

Sections II and Ill of the Report below address other information requirements under Section 72l(m) 

relating to critical technologies and foreign direct investment in the United States by countries that 

boycott Israel or do not ban terrorist organizations. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

A. Information Regarding 2020 Covered Transaction Declarations 

From January 1, 2020 through February 12, 2020, declarations were available only for transactions that 

fell within the specific scope of the Pilot Program.2 Starting on February 13, 2020, any transaction3 could 

be notified to CFIUS by declaration or notice, including certain transactions subject to mandatory filing 

requirements. 

During the reporting period, declarations were mandatory for control transactions and certain noncontrolling investments in U.S. businesses that produce, design, test, manufacture, fabricate, or develop 

one or more critical technologies, consistent with definitions set forth in FIRRMA. Additionally, 

declarations became mandatory on February 13, 2020 for certain covered transactions if the transaction 

involved an investment that resulted in the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of a substantial interest in 

a "TID U.S. business"4 by a foreign person in which a foreign government has, directly or indirectly, a 

substantial interest. 

Under FIRRMA, CFIUS is authorized to take the following actions after assessment of submitted 

declarations: 

• request that the parties file a written notice; 

• inform the parties that the Committee is unable to complete action with respect to the 

transaction on the basis of the declaration; 

• initiate a unilateral review; or 

• notify the parties that the Committee has completed all action under Section 721. 

CFIUS conducted an assessment and took one of the actions outlined above (or, in one case, granted a 

withdrawal) with respect to 126 declarations of covered transactions (including under the Pilot Program) 

submitted in 2020. Two of these submissions were real estate declarations. 

• Based on stipulations provided by parties, 34 declarations were subject to mandatory filing 

requirements. 

• CFIUS requested that the parties to 28 declarations file a written notice, following an 

assessment. 

• CFIUS informed the parties to 16 declarations that the Committee was unable to complete 

action. 

• CFIUS notified the parties to 81 declarations that the Committee had completed all action under 

Section 721. 

2 The Pilot Program commenced on November 10, 2018 and concluded on February 12, 2020. 

3 Any transaction subject to the regulations implementing FIRRMA effective as of February 13, 2020. 

4 As defined by 31 C.F.R. § 800.248, which describes businesses involved with critical technologies, covered investment critical infrastructure, or 

sensitive personal data. 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CY 2020 

• The parties withdrew one declaration for business reasons. The parties to this declaration 

submitted a notice related to a substantially similar covered transaction in 2021. 

• CFIUS did not reject any declarations. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

1. Information Regarding 2020 Declarations 

Table 1-1 provides cumulative information regarding covered transaction declarations submitted in 2020. 

Table 1-1. Declarations and Withdrawals 

Declarations and Withdrawals, 2018-2020 

Year Number of Declarations Declarations Withdrawn 

2018 20 1 

2019 94 1 

2020 126 1 

Total 240 3 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Table 1-2 on the following pages provides a breakdown by subsector and by the three most recent reporting years for the covered declarations 

cumulatively filed with CFIUS from 2018 through 2020. 

Table 1-2. Covered Declarations by Business Sector of U.S. Companies, 2018-20205 

Metal Ore Mining 2122 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) I 1 I 50% I N/A I N/A 50% 

Nonmetallic Mineral Mining 2123 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 1 50% N/A N/A I 50% 

and Quarrying 

Support Activities for Mining 2131 213 Support Activities for Mining 1 100% N/A N/A 100% 

-

Electric Power Generation, I 2211 I 221 Utilities I 13 I 93% I 100% I N/A I 94% 

Transmission and Distribution 

Water, Sewage and Other I 2213 221 Utilities I 1 Systems I 7% 0% I N/A I 6% 

--

Building Equipment 2382 238 Specialty Trade Contractors 1 100% N/A I N/A I 100% Contractors 

Basic Chemical Manufacturing 3251 325 Chemical Manufacturing 0 0% 100% I 100% I 70% 

Pharmaceutical and Medicine 3254 325 Chemical Manufacturing I 3 I 100% I 0% I 0% I 30% Manufacturing 

Glass and Glass Product I 3272 I 327 I Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing I 2 I 67% N/A I N/A 67% 

Manufacturing 

Other Nonmetallic Mineral I 3279 I 327 I Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing I 1 I 33% I N/A I N/A 33% 

Product Manufacturing 

Steel Product Manufacturing 3312 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing 2 100% N/A N/A 100% 

from Purchased Steel 

I 

Forging and Stamping 3321 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 1 33% 0% N/A 25% 

5 Throughout the report, figures may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding in presenting summary data. 

6 Does not include real estate declarations. 

7 Some declarations submitted under the Pilot Program in 2018 and 2019 included multiple NAICS codes. 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CY 2020 

Machine Shops; Turned 

Product; and Screw, Nut, and I 3327 332 I Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing I 1 33% I 0% I N/A I 25% 

Bolt Manufacturing 

---

Other Fabricated Metal 3329 I Product Manufacturing 332 I Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 1 I 33% I 100% I N/A I 50% 

Industrial Machinery 3332 333 I Machinery Manufacturing 0 I 0% 38% I N/A 23% Manufacturing 

Commercial and Service 

Industry Machinery I 3333 333 I Machinery Manufacturing I 3 60% 50% N/A I 54% 

Manufacturing 

Metalworking Machinery I 3335 333 I Machinery Manufacturing 1 I 20% I 0% I N/A 8% Manufacturing 

Engine, Turbine, and Power 

Transmission Equipment 3336 333 I Machinery Manufacturing 0 0% 13% N/A 8% 

Manufacturing 

--

Other General Purpose 3339 333 Machinery Manufacturing 1 20% 0% N/A 8% Machinery Manufacturing 

Computer and Peripheral 3341 334 Computer and Electronic Product I 6 I 38% I 28% I 17% 29% Equipment Manufacturing Manufacturing 

Communications Equipment 3342 334 Computer and Electronic Product I 2 13% I 20% I 67% I 22% Manufacturing Manufacturing 

Semiconductor and Other Computer and Electronic Product Electronic Component 3344 334 I 6 38% I 35% I 17% I 35% 

Manufacturing Manufacturing 

---

Navigational, Measuring, 

I I Computer and Electronic Product Electromedical, and Control 3345 334 I 2 I 13% I 16% 0% I 15% 

Instruments Manufacturing Manufacturing 

Electrical Equipment 3353 335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and I 0 I 0% I 33% I 0% I 18% Manufacturing Component Manufacturing 

Other Electrical Equipment Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and and Component 3359 335 I 3 I 100% 67% 100% 82% 

Manufacturing Component Manufacturing 

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CFIUS-ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CV 2020 

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 3361 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 2 I 17% I 0% 0% I 3% 

Motor Vehicle Parts 3363 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 1 I 8% 0% I 0% I 1% Manufacturing 

---

Aerospace Product and Parts 3364 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 7 58% 81% 100% 79% Manufacturing 

Ship and Boat Building 3366 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 1 8% 0% 0% 1% 

Other Transportation 3369 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 1 8% 19% 0% I 16% Equipment Manufacturing 

Other Miscellaneous 3399 I 339 I Miscellaneous Manufacturing 1 100% N/A N/A I 100% Manufacturing 

Metal and Mineral (except 

Petroleum) Merchant 4235 423 I Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods I 1 100% I N/A I N/A I 100% 

Wholesalers 

Farm Product Raw Material 4245 424 Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods 1 100% N/A N/A 100% Merchant Wholesalers 

Rail Transportation 4821 482 Rail Transportation 1 100% N/A N/A 100% 

Deep Sea, Coastal, and Great 4831 483 Water Transportation I 1 I 100% I N/A I N/A 100% Lakes Water Transportation 

---

Pipeline Transportation of I 4862 I 486 I Pipeline Transportation I 1 I 100% I N/A I N/A 100% Natural Gas 

Support Activities for Road 

I 4884 I 488 I Support Activities for Transportation 1 100% N/A N/A I 100% Transportation 

Software Publishers I 5112 I 511 I Publishing Industries (except Internet) 10 100% N/A N/A 100% 

Other Telecommunications 5179 517 Telecommunications 1 100% N/A N/A 100% 

Data Processing, Hosting, and 5182 518 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services 6 100% N/A N/A 100% Related Services 

Nondepository Credit I 5222 I 522 Credit Intermediation and Related Services 1 100% I N/A N/A 100% Intermediation 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Securities and Commodity 

I I I Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Contracts Intermediation and 5231 523 I 1 33% I N/A N/A 33% 

Brokerage Financial Investments and Related activities 

Other Financial Investment 

I 5239 523 Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other 

2 67% N/A N/A I 67% Activities Financial Investments and Related activities 

Insurance Carriers 5241 524 Insurance Carriers and Related Activities 1 50% N/A N/A 50% 

Agencies, Brokerages, and 

Other Insurance Related 5242 524 Insurance Carriers and Related Activities 1 50% N/A N/A 50% 

Activities 

Lessors of Real Estate 5311 531 Real Estate 2 67% N/A N/A I 67% 

Activities Related to Real 5313 531 Real Estate 1 33% N/A N/A 33% Estate 

--

Architectural, Engineering, and I 

Related Services 5413 I 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services I 2 9% I 0% I 0% 5% 

Computer Systems Design and 5415 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services I 11 50% 0% I 0% 28% Related Services 

Management, Scientific, and I 5416 I 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services I 3 14% 0% 0% I 8% Technical Consulting Services 

Scientific Research and 5417 541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 6 27% 100% 100% 59% Development Services 

Employment Services 5613 561 Administrative and Support Services 1 100% N/A N/A I 100% 

Technical and Trade Schools 6115 611 Educational Services 1 100% N/A N/A 100% 

Other Personal Services 8129 812 Personal and Laundry Services 1 100% N/A N/A 100% 

Space Research and 9271 927 Space Research and Technology I 1 I 100% I N/A I N/A 100% Technology 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

2. Declarations by Country or Economy, 2018-2020 

Table 1-3 organizes declarations from 2018 through 2020 by country or geographic economy. Investors 

from Japan accounted for the largest proportion of declarations for the three-year period with 15.4 

percent (37 declarations). Investors from Canada and the United Kingdom accounted for the secondand third-most declarations from 2018 to 2020 with 13.2 percent (34 declarations) and 10 percent (24 

declarations), respectively. Canadian investors accounted for the most declarations in 2020. 

Table 1-3. Declarations by Acquirer Home Country or Geographic Economy, 2018-2020 

Declarations by Acquirer Home Country or Economy, 2018-2020 

Country/Economy 2018 2019 2020 Total 

Australia 0 0 2 2 

Belgium 0 0 2 2 

Bermuda 0 2 1 3 

Brazil 0 0 1 1 

British Virgin Islands 0 0 1 1 

Canada 2 12 20 34 

Cayman Islands 0 5 3 8 

Chile 0 0 1 1 

China 0 3 5 8 

Colombia 0 1 0 1 

Finland 0 0 3 3 

France 1 2 5 8 

Germany 2 7 10 19 

Guernsey 0 1 2 3 

Hong Kong8 1 0 1 2 

India 0 1 2 3 

Ireland 0 4 0 4 

Israel 0 0 3 3 

Italy 0 1 1 2 

Japan 5 14 18 37 

Jersey 1 3 1 5 

Luxembourg 0 4 1 5 

Malaysia 2 0 1 3 

8 In relevant part, Executive Order 13936 (EO) on Hong Kong Normalization (85 Fed. Reg. 43413 (July 17, 2020)) eliminates differential 

treatment between Hong Kong and China for purposes of this Report from the date of the EO forward (July 14, 2020). Accordingly, for CFIUS 

cases concluding from July 14, 2020 forward, any transaction for which Hong Kong is identified as the origin geographic economy of the foreign 

acquirer is reported as originating from China. Conversely, for CFIUS cases that concluded prior to July 14, 2020, any transaction for which 

Hong Kong is identified as the origin geographic economy, including references to historic data, will continue to be reported as originating from 

Hong Kong. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CV 2020 

Declarations by Acquirer Home Country or Economy, 2018-2020 

Mauritius 0 1 0 1 

Netherlands 0 2 1 3 

New Zealand 0 0 1 1 

Qatar 0 0 2 2 

Russia 1 0 1 2 

Saudi Arabia 0 0 2 2 

Singapore 1 3 4 8 

South Korea 0 9 4 13 

Spain 0 0 1 1 

Sweden 0 2 7 9 

Switzerland 3 2 2 7 

Taiwan 0 2 2 4 

Thailand 0 1 0 1 

UAE 0 1 3 4 

United Kingdom 1 11 12 24 

Total 20 94 126 240 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

3. Information on Committee Turnaround for Acceptance 

For declarations submitted in 2020, the average number of business days that elapsed between the date 

of submission and the date on which the Committee accepted the declaration was 4.7 days. 

The following table provides information on median and average number of days required to take action 

on declarations in 2020. 

Table 1-4. Average and Median Days to Complete Reviews and Investigations 

For Covered Declarations in 2020 

Average Calendar Days 29.8 

Median Calendar Days 30 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

4. Waivers Granted of Mandatory Filing Requirement 

Section 721(b)(l)(C)(v)(IV)(bb)(CC) gives the Committee the ability to waive the requirement to submit a 

declaration for a transaction involving the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of a substantial interest in a 

U.S. business by a foreign person in which a foreign government has, directly or indirectly, a substantial 

interest. The Committee may waive the requirement if the Committee determines that the foreign 

person demonstrates that the investments of the foreign person are not directed by a foreign 

government and the foreign person has a history of cooperation with the Committee. 

In 2020, the Committee did not waive this requirement for any transaction. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

B. Information Regarding 2020 Covered Transaction Notices 

Table 1-5 below provides a list of all 187 written notices of transactions that were filed with CFIUS in 

20209 and that CFIUS determined to be "covered transactions" under 31 C.F.R. part 800, "pilot program 

covered transactions" under 31 C.F.R. part 801, or "covered real estate transactions" under 31 C.F.R. 

part 802 (collectively referred to herein as covered transactions). The table sets forth information 

regarding the acquirer and the U.S. business or U.S. real estate that is the subject of the transaction, 

including the nature of the business activities or products, and details on any withdrawal. 

• CFIUS conducted a "review" with respect to the 187 notices of covered transactions that were 

filed in 2020. 

• CFIUS conducted a subsequent "investigation" with respect to 88 of those 187 notices. 

• CFIUS concluded action on 16 of the 187 notices after adopting mitigation measures pursuant to 

Section 721 to resolve national security concerns. CFIUS adopted mitigation measures to 

address residual national security concerns with respect to 3 notices that were voluntarily 

withdrawn and the transactions were abandoned. Separately, in letters issued by Treasury 

granting the withdrawal and abandonment for 3 notices, conditions were imposed. However, 

these did not involve National Security Agreements (NSAs). Measures were imposed to mitigate 

interim risk with respect to one notice filed in 2020. 

• 29 of the 187 notices were withdrawn. In 15 of these instances, the parties filed a new notice in 

2020. In six of these instances, the parties filed a new notice in 2021. In seven of these 

instances, the parties withdrew the notice and abandoned the transaction after either CFIUS 

informed the parties that it was unable to identify mitigation measures that would resolve its 

national security concerns or it proposed mitigation measures that the parties chose not to 

accept. In one of these instances, the parties withdrew their notice and abandoned the 

transaction for commercial reasons unrelated to CFIUS review. 

• CFIUS rejected one of the 187 notices due to a material change in the transaction. 

• The President issued an order prohibiting the acquisition of musical.ly, a Cayman Islands 

company, by ByteDance, Ltd., a Cayman Islands company, to the extent that Musical.ly or any of 

Musical.ly's assets are used in furtherance or support of, or relating to, Musical.ly's activities in 

interstate commerce in the United States. 

• No investigations were subject to an extension under Section 721(b)(2)(C)(ii)(I) (which allows for 

one 15-day extension of the investigation period in extraordinary circumstances). 

9 In a limited number of instances, notices were filed at the end of 2019 and accepted for review in 2020. Those notices are accounted for in 

this Report. 

15 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

C. Specific, Cumulative, and Trend Data for Covered Transactions, Withdrawals, and Investigations 

From 2011 through 2020, companies filed 1,668 notices of transactions that CFIUS determined to be 

subject to CFIUS jurisdiction under Section 721. Of these 1,668 notices, approximately 1.5 percent (25 

notices) were withdrawn during the review stage. Approximately 52 percent (863 notices) resulted in an 

investigation, and of these approximately 16 percent (262 notices) were withdrawn during the 

investigation stage. Withdrawal of a notice is a function of the particular facts and circumstances of the 

specific transaction being reviewed by the Committee and is not indicative of a trend. 

As shown in Table 1-5, the number of notices of transactions subject to CFIUS jurisdiction increased from 

111 in 2011 to 187 in 2020. The proportion of notices proceeding to investigation in 2020 was 

approximately 47 percent, down from approximately 49 percent of notices in 2019. While the number 

of notices filed in 2020 decreased from 2019, the overall number of transactions reviewed or assessed 

by the Committee increased substantially, due to the introduction of declarations as a method for filing 

any type of transaction with the Committee. 

Apart from a general correlation between the number of notices and general economic conditions-that 

is, when economies are strong, transaction quantity tends to increase-the information in the table 

below should not be interpreted as indicative of any particular CFIUS trends. CFIUS considers each 

transaction on a case-by-case basis, and the disposition of any particular case-be it withdrawal, closing 

in review or investigation, or presidential decision-depends on the particular facts and circumstances 

of that case. 

16 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Table 1-5. Covered Transactions, Withdrawals, and Presidential Decisions, 2011-2020 

Covered Transactions, Withdrawals, and Presidential Decisions* 

2011-2020 

Notices Withdrawn Number of Notices Withdrawn 

Presidential Year Number of Notices After Commencement During Review Investigations of Investigation Decisions 

2011 111 1 40 5 0 

2012 114 2 45 20 1 

2013 97 3 49 5 0 

2014 147 3 52 9 0 

2015 143 3 67 10 0 

2016 172 6 79 21 1 

2017 237 4 172 70 1 

2018 229 2 158 64 1 

2019 231 0 113 30 1 

2020 187 1 88 28 1 

Total 1668 25 863 262 6 

* This table reports on the disposition of cases based upon the year in which the transaction was filed with CFIUS. Please see Section Eon page 

39 for a discussion of reasons for which parties may seek to withdraw a notice. 

17 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

1. Committee Turnaround of Comments, Acceptance, Notices 

Despite case processing challenges associated with COVID-19, the Committee met its obligations with 

regards to providing comments on and accepting notices. 

For notices filed in 2020, the average number of business days that elapsed between the date of 

submission of a draft notice and the date on which the Committee provided written comments on the 

draft notice was 7.7 days, less than the 10 day deadline applicable under Section 721. 10 

For notices filed in 2020, the average number of business days that elapsed between the date of 

submission of a formal written notice and the date on which the Committee accepted the formal written 

notice was 9.1 days, less than the 10 day deadline applicable under Section 721. 

The following table provides information on median and average number of days required to complete 

reviews and investigations in 2020. 

Table 1-6. Average and Median Days to Complete Reviews and Investigations 

I 

For Covered Transactions in 2020 Average Calendar Days Median Calendar Days 

Closing in review 45 45 

Closing in investigation 86 9111 

10This number is inclusive of all draft notices filed in 2020 regardless of whether the parties made a stipulation. Under FIRRMA and the CFIUS 

regulations that went into effect on February 13, 2020, the Committee shall provide comments within 10 business days ofthe submission of a 

notice if the parties stipulate that the transaction is covered under the CFIUS regulations. 

11 This number may exceed 90 calendar days in some cases because, in certain circumstances, the 45th calendar day of a review or an 

investigation can fall on a Saturday, Sunday, or public holiday. In those cases, the next business day is considered the final day of the review or 

investigation. 

18 
CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

D. Covered Notices by Business Sector and Country 

1. Covered Notices by Business Sector of U.S. Companies, 2011-2020 

The notices of covered transactions filed with CFIUS from 2011 through 2020 involved a wide range of 

industries. 12 Approximately three-fourths of the notices were in either the Manufacturing sector (666 

notices, or 40 percent) or the Finance, Information, and Services sector (617 notices, or 37 percent). 

The remainder of the notices were in the Mining, Utilities, and Construction sector (240 notices, or 14 

percent) and the Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Transportation sector (145 notices, or 9 percent). 

These figures, and those in the tables below and in Section I.D.2 of this Report, reflect the number of 

notices filed with CFIUS and are not adjusted to account for those transactions that were the subject of 

more than one notice-i.e., where the original notice was withdrawn and then refiled, as discussed in 

Section I.E of this Report. 

The following table and chart provide data by sector and by calendar year of the 1,668 covered 

transaction notices filed with CFIUS from 2011 through 2020. In 2020 the relative proportions of notices 

in each sector did not change dramatically, although the lead sector did change. The greatest number of 

transactions occurred in the Finance, Information, and Services sector, accounting for 43 percent of 

transactions, compared to 39 percent of transactions in 2019. In 2019, the greatest number of 

transactions occurred in the Manufacturing sector. The proportion of notices in the Manufacturing 

sector decreased from 44 percent in 2019 to 36 percent in 2020. The proportion of notices in the 

Mining, Utilities, and Construction sector increased from 9 percent in 2019 to 11 percent in 2020. The 

proportion of notices in the Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Transportation sector remained the 

lowest, at 10 percent in 2020. 

12 In this Report, industry sectors and subsectors are defined using 2012 and 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes 

of the target company. Whenever possible, the NAICS code assigned to each target company is based upon information provided by the parties 

in the notice. If no NAICS code was provided, CFIUS determined the most appropriate NAICS code using publicly available information. 

19 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Table 1-7. Covered Notices by Sector and Year, 2011-2020 

Covered Notices by Sector and Year, 2011-2020 

Finance, Mining, Utilities, Wholesale Trade, 

Year Manufacturing Information, and and Construction Retail Trade, and 

Services Transportation 

2011 49 {44%) 38 (34%) 16 (14%) 8(7%) 

2012 47 (41%) 36 (32%) 23 (20%) 8(7%) 

2013 35 (36%) 32 (33%) 20 (21%) 10 {10%) 

2014 69 (47%) 38 (26%) 25 (17%) 15 (10%) 

2015 68 (48%) 42 (29%) 21 (15%) 12 (8%) 

2016 67 (39%) 68 (40%) 18 (10%) 19 (11%) 

2017 82 (35%) 108 (46%) 28 {12%) 19(8%) 

2018 80 (35%) 86 (38%) 47 (21%) 16 (7%) 

2019 102 {44%) 89 (39%) 21 {9%) 19(8%) 

2020 67 (36%) 80 (43%) 21 (11%) 19 (10%) 

Total 666 {40%} 617 {37%} 240 {14%} 145 {9%} 

20 

Total 

111 

114 

97 

147 

143 

172 

237 

229 

231 

187 

1668 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Graph 1-1. Covered Notices by Sector and Year (2011-2020) 

Covered Notices by Sector {2011-2020} 

120 

V) 100 C: 

.Q 

+-' 

u 

C: 80 

~ 

"C 

~ 60 (1) 

> 

0 

u 

-0 40 Q) 

..Q 

E 

:, 

z 20 

0 

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 

- Manufacturing - Finance, Information, and Services 

2019 2020 

- Mining, Utilities, and Construction - wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Transportation 

Graph 1-2. Proportion of Covered Notices by Sector and Year (2011-2020) 

50% 

45% 

40% 

35% 

30% 

25% 

20% 

15% 

10% 

5% 

0% 

Proportion of Covered Notices by Sector {2011-2020} 

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 

- Manufacturing - Finance, Information, and Services 

2019 2020 

- Mining, Utilities, and Construction - Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Transportation 

21 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Manufacturing Sector 

In 2020, the Manufacturing sector accounted for 36 percent or 67 of the 187 CFIUS notices. Within 

Manufacturing, the subsector with the most notices remained Computer and Electronic Product 

Manufacturing, accounting for 42 percent {28 notices). The other significant subsector was Chemical 

Manufacturing, accounting for 13 percent (9 notices). 

Table 1-8. Covered Notices from the Manufacturing Sector, 2018-2020 

NAICS 2020 % of Total Manufacturing 

Manufacturing Code Notices 2020 2019 2018 2018-2020 

Food Manufacturing 311 1 1% 1% 0% 1% 

Textile Mills 313 0 0% 3% 6% 3% 

Paper Manufacturing 322 0 0% 1% 1% 1% 

Chemical Manufacturing 325 9 13% 11% 18% 14% 

Plastics and Rubber Products 326 0 0% 1% 4% 2% Manufacturing 

Nonmetallic Mineral Product 327 1 1% 2% 3% 2% Manufacturing 

Primary Metal Manufacturing 331 2 3% 1% 4% 2% 

Fabricated Metal Product 332 4 6% 5% 1% 4% Manufacturing 

Machinery Manufacturing 333 6 9% 8% 10% 9% 

Computer and Electronic Product 334 28 42% 38% 35% 38% Manufacturing 

Electrical Equipment, Appliance, 335 6 9% 16% 9% 12% and Component Manufacturing 

Transportation Equipment 336 6 9% 14% 10% 11% Manufacturing 

Miscellaneous Manufacturing 339 4 6% 0% 0% 2% 

22 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Finance, Information, and Services Sector 

In 2020, the Finance, Information, and Services sector accounted for 43 percent or 80 of the 187 CFIUS 

notices. Within this sector, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services continued to be the largest 

subsector, accounting for 36 percent (29 notices). Other significant subsectors included Publishing 

Industries (except Internet), accounting for 18 percent (14 notices), and Telecommunications, 

accounting for 11 percent (9 notices). 

Table 1-9. Covered Notices from the Finance, Information, and Services Sector, 2018-2020 

Finance, Information, and NAICS 2020 % of Total Finance, Information, and Services 

Services Code Notices 2020 2019 2018 2018-2020 

Publishing Industries (except 511 14 18% 8% 12% 12% Internet) 

Telecommunications 517 9 11% 12% 17% 14% 

Data Processing, Hosting, and 518 5 6% 6% 6% 6% Related Services 

Other Information Services 519 3 4% 6% 6% 5% 

Credit Intermediation and Related 

Activities 

522 0 0% 3% 0% 1% 

Securities, Commodity Contracts, 

and Other Financial Investments 523 2 3% 7% 3% 4% 

and Related Activities 

Insurance Carriers and Related 524 3 4% 2% 3% Activities 3% 

Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial 525 1 1% 1% 1% 1% Vehicles 

Real Estate 531 3 4% 3% 3% 4% 

Professional, Scientific, and 541 29 36% 42% 29% 36% Technical Services 

Management of Companies and 551 1 1% 2% 5% 3% Enterprises 

Administrative and Support 561 3 4% 3% 6% 4% Services 

Waste Management and 562 1 1% 0% 2% 1% Remediation Services 

Educational Services 611 3 4% 1% 3% 3% 

Ambulatory Health Care Services 621 2 3% 1% 1% 2% 

Personal and Laundry Services 812 1 1% 2% 0% 1% 

Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, 

Professional, and Similar 813 0 0% 0% 1% 0% 

Organizations 

23 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Mining, Utilities, and Construction Sector 

In 2020, the Mining, Utilities, and Construction sector accounted for 11 percent or 21 of the 187 CFIUS 

notices. Within this sector, the Utilities subsector accounted for 86 percent of the sector (18 notices). 

The Oil and Gas Extraction and Mining (except Oil and Gas) subsectors were the only other subsectors 

with CFIUS notices in 2020. 

Table 1-10. Covered Notices from the Mining, Utilities, and Construction Sector, 2018-2020 

Mining, Utilities, and NAICS 2020 % of Total Mining, Utilities, and Construction 

Construction Code Notices 2020 2019 2018 2018-2020 

Crop Production 111 0 0% 5% 0% 1% 

Oil and Gas Extraction 211 2 10% 10% 11% 10% 

Mining (except Oil and Gas) 212 1 5% 10% 4% 6% 

Support Activities for Mining 213 0 0% 5% 6% 4% 

Utilities 221 18 86% 71% 66% 72% 

Heavy and Civil Engineering 237 0 0% 0% 6% 3% Construction 

Specialty Trade Contractors 238 0 0% 0% 6% 3% 

24 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Transportation Sector 

In 2020, the Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and Transportation sector accounted for 10 percent or 19 of 

the 187 CFIUS notices. Within this sector, Support Activities for Transportation remained the largest 

subsector, accounting for 37 percent (7 notices). Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods continued its 

decline, accounting for 16 percent {three notices). The other significant subsectors were Health and 

Personal Care Stores and Accommodation, accounting for 11 percent (two notices) each. 

Table 1-11. Covered Notices from the Wholesale, Retail Trade, and Transportation Sector, 2018-2020 

% of Total Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, and 

Wholesale Trade, Retail NAICS 2020 Transportation 

Trade, and Transportation Code Notices 

2020 2019 2018 2018-2020 

Merchant Wholesalers, Durable 423 3 16% 26% 44% 28% Goods 

Merchant Wholesalers, 424 1 5% 0% 0% 2% Nondurable Goods 

Health and Personal Care Stores 446 2 11% 0% 6% 6% 

Clothing and Clothing Accessories 

Stores 448 1 5% 0% 0% 2% 

Miscellaneous Store Retailers 453 0 0% 5% 0% 2% 

Nonstore Retailers 454 1 5% 5% 0% 4% 

Rail Transportation 482 0 0% 5% 0% 2% 

Transit and Ground Passenger 485 0 0% 5% 0% 2% Transportation 

Pipeline Transportation 486 1 5% 16% 13% 11% 

Support Activities for 488 7 37% 26% 25% 30% Transportation 

Warehousing and Storage 493 1 5% 5% 13% 7% 

Accommodation 721 2 11% 5% 0% 6% 

25 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Covered Notices by Business Sector of U.S. Companies, 2018-2020 

Table 1-12 on the following pages provides a breakdown by subsector and by the three most recent 

reporting years for the covered notices cumulatively filed with CFIUS from 2018 through 2020. 

26 
CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Table 1-12. Covered Notices by Business Sector of U.S. Companies, 2018-2020 _ 

Vegetable and Melon Farming 1112 111 Crop Production I 0 I 

Oil and Gas Extraction 2111 211 Oil and Gas Extraction I 2 I 

Coal Mining 2121 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) I 0 I 

Metal Ore Mining 2122 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) I 0 I 

Nonmetallic Mining and 2123 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 1 Quarrying 

Support Activities for Mining 2131 213 Support Activities for Mining 0 

Electric Power Generation, 2211 221 Utilities I 18 I Transmission and Distribution 

Natural Gas Distribution 2212 221 Utilities 0 

Water, Sewage and Other 2213 221 Utilities 0 Systems 

Utility System Construction 2371 237 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 0 

Highway, Street, and Bridge 2373 237 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction I 0 I Construction 

Foundation, Structure, and 2381 I 238 I Specialty Trade Contractors I 0 I Building Exterior Contractors 

Building Equipment I 2382 238 Specialty Trade Contractors I 0 Contractors 

Fruit and Vegetable Preserving 

and Specialty Food I 3114 I 311 I Food Manufacturing I 0 I 

Manufacturing 

Animal Slaughtering and 

3116 311 I Food Manufacturing I 1 I Processing 

Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills I 3131 I 313 I Textile Mills I 0 I 

13 For cells marked "N/A," there were no notices corresponding to the 3-digit NAICS code for the given time period. 

27 

N/A I 100% I N/A I 100% 

100% I 100% I 100% I 100% 

0% I 0% I 50% I 20% 

0% I 100% I 50% I 60% 

100% I 0% I 0% I 20% 

N/A I 100% I 100% I 100% 

100% I 93% I 97% I 97% 

0% 7% I 0% I 2% 

0% 0% I 3% I 2% 

N/A N/A I 67% I 67% 

N/A I N/A I 33% I 33% 

N/A I N/A 67% 67% 

N/A I N/A 33% 33% 

0% I 100% I N/A 50% 

100% I 0% N/A I 50% 

N/A I 33% 20% I 25% 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Fabric Mills 3132 313 Textile Mills 0 N/A I 0% I 80% I 50% 

Textile and Fabric Finishing 3133 313 Textile Mills 0 N/A 67% I 0% 25% 

and Fabric Coating Mills 

---

Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard I 3221 322 Paper Manufacturing 0 

Mills 

N/A I 0% I 100% I 50% 

---

Converted Paper Product 3222 322 Paper Manufacturing 0 N/A 100% 0% 50% 

Manufacturing 

Basic Chemical Manufacturing 3251 325 Chemical Manufacturing 3 33% 27% 36% 32% 

Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and 

Artificial Synthetic Fibers and I 3252 325 I Chemical Manufacturing 2 I 22% 18% 14% 18% 

Filaments Manufacturing 

Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other 

Agricultural Chemical I 3253 325 I Chemical Manufacturing I 0 0% I 0% 7% 3% 

Manufacturing 

Pharmaceutical and Medicine I 3254 325 I Chemical Manufacturing 3 I 33% I 36% 43% 38% 

Manufacturing 

Other Chemical Product and I 3259 325 I Chemical Manufacturing 1 I 11% 18% I 0% I 9% 

Preparation Manufacturing 

Plastics Product I 3261 I 326 I Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing 0 I N/A I 0% I 67% 50% 

Manufacturing 

Rubber Product I 3262 I 326 I Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing I 0 I N/A I 100% I 33% 50% 

Manufacturing 

Clay Product and Refractory I 3271 I 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing I 0 I 0% 50% 0% 20% 

Manufacturing 

Glass and Glass Product I 3272 I 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing I 0 I 0% I 50% 50% 40% 

Manufacturing 

Other Nonmetallic Mineral I 3279 I 327 I Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 1 I 100% 0% I 50% I 40% 

Product Manufacturing 

Iron and Steel Mills and I 3311 I 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing I 0 I 0% 0% 33% I 17% 

Ferroalloy Manufacturing 

28 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Alumina and Aluminum 3313 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing I 0 0% 0% 67% I 33% Production and Processing 

Nonferrous Metal (except 

Aluminum) Production and 3314 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing I 2 I 100% I 100% I 0% 50% 

Processing 

Forging and Stamping 3321 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing I 1 25% 0% 0% I 10% 

Architectural and Structural 3323 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 0 I 0% I 20% I 0% 10% Metals Manufacturing 

Hardware Manufacturing 3325 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing I 0 I 0% I 20% I 0% 10% 

Coating, Engraving, Heat 3328 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 1 I 25% 40% 100% I 40% Treating, and Allied Activities 

Other Fabricated Metal I 3329 I 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing 2 I 50% I 20% I 0% 30% Product Manufacturing 

Agriculture, Construction, and 

Mining Machinery I 3331 I 333 Machinery Manufacturing 0 I 0% 13% 0% 5% 

Manufacturing 

Industrial Machinery 3332 I 333 I Machinery Manufacturing 1 I 17% I 50% 0% 23% Manufacturing 

- - -

Commercial and Service 

Industry Machinery I 3333 I 333 Machinery Manufacturing 0 I 0% 25% 50% I 27% 

Manufacturing 

Ventilation, Heating, AirConditioning, and Commercial I 

Refrigeration Equipment 3334 I 333 I Machinery Manufacturing I 0 I 0% 0% 13% 5% 

Manufacturing 

Metalworking Machinery 3335 I 333 Machinery Manufacturing I 0 I 0% I 13% 25% 14% Manufacturing 

Engine, Turbine, and Power 

Transmission Equipment I 3336 I 333 Machinery Manufacturing I 1 I 17% I 0% I 13% I 9% 

Manufacturing 

29 
CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CY 2020 

Other General Purpose I 3339 I 333 I Machinery Manufacturing I 4 67% I 0% I 0% 18% 

Machinery Manufacturing 

Computer and Peripheral 3341 334 I Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing I 2 7% 10% 21% 13% 

Equipment Manufacturing 

Communications Equipment 3342 334 I Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing I 7 25% 15% 14% I 18% Manufacturing 

---

Audio and Video Equipment I 3343 334 I Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing I 0 0% 0% 7% 2% Manufacturing 

Semiconductor and Other 

Electronic Component I 3344 334 J Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing I 13 46% I 64% 36% 51% 

Manufacturing 

---

Navigational, Measuring, 

Electromedical, and Control 3345 334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing I 6 I 21% I 10% I 21% I 17% 

Instruments Manufacturing 

Electrical Equipment 3353 335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component I 

2 I 33% I 25% I 38% I 31% 

Manufacturing Manufacturing 

Other Electrical Equipment Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component I and Component 3359 335 4 I 67% I 75% I 50% I 69% 

Manufacturing Manufacturing 

I I I I I 

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 3361 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing I 1 I 17% I 0% I 13% I 7% 

Motor Vehicle Parts 3363 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing I 0 I 0% I 14% I 13% I 11% Manufacturing 

---

Aerospace Product and Parts I 3364 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 3 I 50% I 71% 63% 64% 

Manufacturing 

Railroad Rolling Stock I 3365 I 336 I Transportation Equipment Manufacturing I 1 17% I 0% 13% 7% Manufacturing 

Other Transportation I 3369 I 336 I Transportation Equipment Manufacturing I 1 17% I 14% 0% 11% 

Equipment Manufacturing 

Medical Equipment and I 3391 I 339 I Miscellaneous Manufacturing I 4 I 100% I N/A I N/A I 100% Supplies Manufacturing 

30 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Professional and Commercial 

Equipment and Supplies 4234 I 423 Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods I 0 I 0% 60% 43% 40% 

Merchant Wholesalers 

Household Appliances and 

Electrical and Electronic Goods J 4236 I 423 I Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods I 1 33% I 40% I 57% I 47% 

Merchant Wholesalers 

Machinery, Equipment, and 

Supplies Merchant 4238 I 423 I Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods I 1 I 33% 0% I 0% 7% 

Wholesalers 

Miscellaneous Durable Goods I 4239 I 423 I Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods I 1 I 33% 0% I 0% I 7% Merchant Wholesalers 

Grocery and Related Product I 4244 I 424 I Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods I 1 100% N/A N/A I 100% Merchant Wholesalers 

Health and Personal Care 4461 446 Health and Personal Care Stores 2 100% N/A 100% 100% Stores 

Jewelry, Luggage, and Leather I 4483 448 I Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 1 I 100% I N/A I N/A 100% Goods Stores 

Other Miscellaneous Store I 4539 453 I Miscellaneous Store Retailers 0 I N/A I 100% I N/A 100% Retailers 

Electronic Shopping and Mail- 4541 454 Nonstore Retailers 1 100% 0% N/A 50% Order Houses 

Direct Selling Establishments 4543 454 Nonstore Retailers 0 0% 100% N/A I 50% 

Rail Transportation 4821 482 Rail Transportation 0 N/A 100% N/A I 100% 

Other Transit and Ground 4859 485 Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation I 0 I N/A I 100% I N/A I 100% Passenger Transportation 

Pipeline Transportation of I 4861 486 I Pipeline Transportation 0 I 0% I 33% I 100% I 50% Crude Oil 

Pipeline Transportation of I 4862 I 486 I Pipeline Transportation I 1 100% I 0% I 0% I 17% Natural Gas 

Other Pipeline Transportation I 4869 I 486 I Pipeline Transportation I 0 0% I 67% I 0% I 33% 

31 
CFIUS-ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Support Activities for Air I 4881 488 I Support Activities for Transportation I 4 Transportation I 57% I 20% I 25% I 38% 

---

Support Activities for Water I 4883 488 Support Activities for Transportation I 1 14% I 60% I 75% 44% Transportation 

--

Freight Transportation 4885 488 Support Activities for Transportation Arrangement 2 29% 20% 0% 19% 

Warehousing and Storage 4931 493 Warehousing and Storage 1 100% 100% 100% 100% 

Newspaper, Periodical, Book, 5111 511 Publishing Industries (except Internet) 3 21% 0% 0% 10% 

and Directory Publishers 

Software Publishers 5112 511 Publishing Industries (except Internet) 11 79% 100% 100% 90% 

Wired Telecommunications 5171 517 Telecommunications 1 I 11% I 0% 0% I 3% Carriers 

Wired or Wireless 5173 517 Telecommunications 6 67% 55% 60% 60% Telecommunications 

Satellite Telecommunications 5174 517 Telecommunications 1 11% 27% 20% 20% 

Other Telecommunications 5179 517 Telecommunications 1 11% 18% 20% 17% 

Data Processing, Hosting, and 5182 518 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services 5 100% 100% 100% 100% Related Services 

Other Information Services 5191 519 Other Information Services 3 100% 100% 100% 100% 

Nondepository Credit 5222 I 522 I Credit Intermediation and Related Activities 0 N/A 67% I N/A 67% 

Intermediation 

Activities Related to Credit I 5223 I 522 Credit Intermediation and Related Activities 0 N/A I 33% I N/A I 33% Intermediation 

Securities and Commodity Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Contracts Intermediation and 5231 523 1 50% I 17% 33% 27% 

Brokerage Financial Investments and Related Activities 

Other Financial Investment 5239 523 Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other 1 50% 83% 67% 73% Activities Financial Investments and Related Activities 

Insurance Carriers 5241 524 Insurance Carriers and Related Activities 1 33% 50% 100% 63% 

32 
CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Agencies, Brokerages, and 

Other Insurance Related 5242 524 I Insurance Carriers and Related Activities I 2 67% I 50% I 0% I 38% 

Activities 

Other Investment Pools and 5259 525 Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles 1 100% 100% 100% 100% 

Funds 

Lessors of Real Estate 5311 531 Real Estate 1 33% 33% 67% 44% 

Activities Related to Real 

Estate 5313 531 I Real Estate 2 67% 67% I 33% I 56% 

Architectural, Engineering, and 5413 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 

Related Services 10 34% I 19% 28% 26% 

Computer Systems Design and I 

Related Services 5415 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 9 I 31% I 32% I 44% I 35% 

Management, Scientific, and I 5416 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services I 2 I 7% I 8% 4% 7% 

Technical Consulting Services 

Scientific Research and I 5417 I 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 

Development Services I 5 I 17% I 32% 12% 22% 

Advertising, Public Relations, I 5418 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 1 3% 3% I 8% I 4% 

and Related Services 

Other Professional, Scientific, I 5419 541 I Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 2 I 7% 5% I 4% 5% 

and Technical Services 

Management of Companies 5511 551 Management of Companies and Enterprises 1 100% 100% 100% 100% 

and Enterprises 

Employment Services 5613 561 Administrative and Support Services 0 0% 0% 20% 9% 

Business Support Services 5614 561 Administrative and Support Services 1 33% 0% 0% 9% 

Travel Arrangement and I 5615 561 I Administrative and Support Services 

Reservation Services 

1 33% I 0% 0% 9% 

Investigation and Security 5616 561 Administrative and Support Services 

Services 

1 33% 100% 60% 64% 

Other Support Services 5619 561 Administrative and Support Services 0 0% 0% 20% 9% 

33 
CFIUS-ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Waste Treatment and Disposal 5622 562 Waste Management and Remediation Services I 0 I 0% I N/A 100% I 67% 

Remediation and Other Waste 5629 562 

Management Services Waste Management and Remediation Services I 1 100% I N/A I 0% 33% 

Elementary and Secondary 6111 611 Educational Services I 0 0% I 100% I 0% 14% Schools 

Technical and Trade Schools 6115 611 Educational Services 0 0% 0% 100% 43% 

Educational Support Services 6117 611 Educational Services 3 100% 0% 0% 43% 

Offices of Physicians I 6211 621 Ambulatory Health Care Services 1 I 50% 0% 0% 25% 

Outpatient Care Centers 6214 621 Ambulatory Health Care Services 0 0% 100% 0% I 25% 

Medical and Diagnostic 6215 621 Ambulatory Health Care Services I 1 I 50% I 0% 0% I 25% Laboratories 

Other Ambulatory Health Care 6219 621 Ambulatory Health Care Services 0 0% 0% 100% 25% Services 

Traveler Accommodation 7211 721 Accommodation 2 100% 100% N/A I 100% 

Other Personal Services 8129 812 Personal and Laundry Services 1 100% 100% N/A 100% 

Business, Professional, Labor, Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Political, and Similar 8139 813 I 0 I N/A I N/A I 100% 100% 

Organizations Similar Organizations 

34 
CFIUS-ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CY 2020 

2. Covered Notices by Country or Economy, 2018-2020 

Table 1-13 organizes covered notices from 2018 through 2020 by the acquirer's home country or 

geographic economy. For this three-year period acquisitions by investors from China accounted for 15 

percent (97 notices), the largest proportion of notices filed. Investors from Japan, Canada, and France 

ranked second, third, and fourth, respectively, in terms of the number of notices filed from 2018 to 2020 

with 14.8 percent, 9.7 percent, and 7 percent (96, 63, and 45 notices). In 2020, the highest number of 

notices were from Japanese investors, accounting for 10.2 percent (19 notices). 

Table 1-13. Covered Notices by Acquirer Home Country or Geographic Economy, 2018- 2020 

Covered Notices by Acquirer Home Country or Geographic Economy, 2018-2020 

Country/Economy 2018 2019 2020 Total 

Australia 4 11 10 25 

Austria 1 4 0 5 

Belgium 1 0 0 1 

Bermuda 2 2 1 5 

Brazil 0 0 2 2 

British Virgin Islands 0 0 1 1 

Canada 29 23 11 63 

Cayman Islands 2 2 5 9 

Chile 0 0 1 1 

China 55 25 17 97 

Colombia 0 1 0 1 

Czech Republic 0 0 1 1 

Denmark 3 2 2 7 

Fiji 2 0 0 2 

Finland 0 0 2 2 

France 21 13 11 45 

Germany 12 13 7 32 

Guernsey 1 4 3 8 

Hong Kong 0 4 3 7 

India 4 3 6 13 

Ireland 1 1 2 4 

Israel 5 2 6 13 

Italy 3 3 3 9 

Japan 31 46 19 96 

Jersey 1 0 3 4 

Kuwait 0 0 1 1 

35 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CV 2020 

Covered Notices by Acquirer Home Country or Geographic Economy, 2018-2020 

Country/Economy 2018 2019 2020 Total 

Lebanon 0 0 1 1 

Luxembourg 0 1 5 6 

Malaysia 1 0 1 2 

Netherlands 5 6 6 17 

Norway 0 0 1 1 

Philippines 0 0 1 1 

Portugal 0 1 4 5 

Qatar 1 1 2 4 

Russia 6 1 0 7 

Saudi Arabia 1 3 0 4 

Singapore 5 10 10 25 

South Africa 1 0 1 2 

South Korea 4 10 2 16 

Spain 2 2 3 7 

Sweden 9 7 10 26 

Switzerland 2 4 2 8 

Taiwan 4 4 4 12 

Thailand 0 1 0 1 

The Bahamas 0 1 0 1 

Turkey 2 2 1 s 

UAE 3 4 2 9 

United Kingdom 5 13 14 32 

Vietnam 0 1 0 1 

Total 229 231 187 647 

36 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Table 1-14 on the following pages shows the geographic concentration of notices in each of the four 

listed industry sectors for the period 2018 to 2020. The Finance, Information, and Services and 

Manufacturing sectors each accounted for approximately 39 percent of all notices. The Mining, Utilities, 

and Construction sector accounted for approximately 14 percent, and the Wholesale Trade, Retail 

Trade, and Transportation sector accounted for approximately 8 percent. Notices from Canada, China, 

and Japan, which together accounted for approximately 40 percent of the notices from 2018 to 2020, 

were generally consistent with this distribution across sectors, although notices from Canada were 

disproportionately high in the Mining, Utilities, and Construction sector. 

Table 1-14. Covered Notices by Acquirer Home Country or Economy and Target Sector, 2018-2020 

Covered Notices by Acquirer Home Country or Geographic Economy, by Target Sector 

{2018-2020) 

Country/Economy 

Australia 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bermuda 

Brazil 

British Virgin Islands 

Canada 

Cayman Islands 

Chile 

China 

Colombia 

Czech Republic 

Denmark 

Fiji 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Guernsey 

Hong Kong 

India 

Ireland 

Israel 

Italy 

Japan 

Finance, 

Information, 

and Services 

16 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

24 

3 

0 

30 

0 

1 

1 

2 

2 

26 

10 

6 

0 

7 

1 

4 

3 

41 

Manufacturing 

2 

4 

0 

1 

1 

0 

11 

4 

1 

48 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

11 

17 

2 

6 

6 

3 

7 

5 

39 

37 

Mining, 

Utilities, and 

Construction 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

12 

1 

0 

3 

0 

0 

5 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

9 

Wholesale 

Trade, Retail 

Trade, and 

Transportation 

3 

0 

0 

3 

1 

0 

8 

2 

0 

7 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

3 

2 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

7 

Total 

25 

s 

1 

s 

2 

1 

63 

9 

1 

97 

1 

1 

7 

2 

2 

45 

32 

8 

7 

13 

4 

13 

9 

96 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Covered Notices by Acquirer Home Country or Geographic Economy, by Target Sector 

{2018-2020) 

Country/Economy 

Jersey 

Kuwait 

Lebanon 

Luxembourg 

Malaysia 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Philippines 

Portugal 

Qatar 

Russia 

Saudi Arabia 

Singapore 

South Africa 

South Korea 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Taiwan 

Thailand 

The Bahamas 

Turkey 

UAE 

United Kingdom 

Vietnam 

Total 

Finance, 

Information, 

and Services 

2 

1 

0 

1 

1 

3 

0 

1 

0 

1 

6 

0 

16 

1 

2 

4 

14 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

6 

13 

0 

255 

Manufacturing 

1 

0 

0 

4 

1 

7 

1 

0 

0 

1 

1 

4 

5 

1 

8 

1 

9 

5 

9 

1 

0 

3 

1 

15 

1 

249 

38 

Mining, 

Utilities, and 

Construction 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

3 

2 

1 

3 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

2 

0 

89 

Wholesale 

Trade, Retail 

Trade, and 

Transportation 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

54 

Total 

4 

1 

1 

6 

2 

17 

1 

1 

5 

4 

7 

4 

25 

2 

16 

7 

26 

8 

12 

1 

1 

5 

9 

32 

1 

647 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

E. Withdrawn Notices 

Parties may withdraw a notice after acceptance by the Committee only if the Committee approves a 

written request for withdrawal from the parties. Over time, parties have requested withdrawals for a 

number of reasons. For example, in some cases in which the parties are unable to address all of the 

Committee's outstanding national security concerns within the initial review period or subsequent 

investigation period, the parties might request to withdraw and refile their notice to provide themselves 

with additional time to answer questions or to attempt to resolve the Committee's national security 

concerns via a mitigation agreement. In other cases, the parties might request to withdraw and refile 

their notice because a material change in the terms of the transaction warrants the filing of a new 

notice. In still other cases, the parties might request to withdraw their notice because they are 

abandoning the transaction for commercial reasons, or because the parties do not want to abide by 

CFIUS's proposed mitigation, or in light of a CFIUS determination to refer the matter to the President. 

The Committee has established processes to track, when appropriate, the status of a withdrawn 

transaction or interim protections to address specific national security concerns identified during the 

review or investigation of the withdrawn transaction. 

In 2020, CFIUS approved the withdrawal of 29 notices. Parties withdrew one notice during the review 

period and withdrew 28 notices after the commencement of the investigation period. In 15 of these 

instances, the parties filed a new notice in 2020; CFIUS concluded action in three of those cases. In 

seven of these instances the parties withdrew their notice and abandoned their transaction after either 

CFIUS informed them that it was unable to identify mitigation measures that would resolve the national 

security risk posed by the transaction or it proposed mitigation measures that the parties chose not to 

accept. In one of these instances, the parties withdrew their notice and abandoned the transaction for 

commercial reasons unrelated to CFIUS review. In six of these instances, the parties filed a new notice 

in 2021. 

As noted above, the number of withdrawals is a function of the specific facts and circumstances of the 

particular transactions reviewed by the Committee. 

39 
CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CY 2020 

F. Mitigation Measures and Conditions 

Section 721(1), as amended by FIRRMA, provides that the Committee may use measures to mitigate 

national security risks both in cases for which CFIUS concludes action (i.e., clears the case to proceed) 

and in cases for which a party to the transaction has voluntarily chosen to abandon the transaction. In 

2020, CFIUS adopted mitigation measures and conditions with respect to 23 notices of covered 

transactions (approximately 12 percent of the total number of 2020 notices): 

• For transactions filed in 2020, CFIUS concluded action after adopting mitigation measures with 

respect to 16 notices of covered transactions (approximately 9 percent of the 2020 notices). 

Five CFIUS agencies served as the U.S. Government signatories to these measures. 

• CFIUS adopted mitigation measures to address residual national security concerns with respect 

to 3 notices (approximately 2 percent of the total number of 2020 notices) that were voluntarily 

withdrawn and abandoned. Three CFIUS agencies served as the USG signatories to these 

measures. 

o Separately, in letters issued by Treasury granting the withdrawal and abandonment for 

3 notices, conditions were imposed. However, these did not involve NSAs. 

• Measures were imposed to mitigate interim risk with respect to one notice filed in 2020.14 

Committee member agencies have adopted practices and procedures to evaluate and ensure that 

parties to a covered transaction remain in compliance with any risk mitigation measures and conditions 

under Section 721 that CFIUS adopts. For all mitigation measures and conditions executed since FINSA 

became effective, and continuing as explicitly directed under FIRRMA, Treasury, as Chair of CFIUS, has 

designated at least one USG signatory to a mitigation measure as a lead agency for monitoring 

compliance with that measure. Lead agencies carry out their monitoring responsibilities on behalf of 

the Committee and regularly report back to the Committee. In addition, in cases where mitigation 

measures and conditions were entered into before FIRRMA's effective date, signatories also regularly 

report to the Committee on compliance with those measures. As described below, all lead agencies for 

monitoring mitigation compliance have implemented practices and processes to carry out their 

responsibilities. 

Mitigation measures and conditions negotiated and adopted in 2020 required the businesses involved to 

take specific and verifiable actions, including, for example: 

• prohibiting or limiting the transfer or sharing of certain intellectual property, trade secrets, or 

technical knowledge; 

• establishing guidelines and terms for handling existing or future USG contracts, USG customer 

information, and other sensitive information; 

• ensuring that only authorized persons have access to certain technology; that only authorized 

persons have access to U.S. Government, company, or customer information; and that the 

foreign acquirer not have direct or indirect access to systems that hold such information; 

14 Note that the transaction which involved an interim mitigation order was eventually resolved with a withdrawal and abandonment NSA 

under a separate notice number. 

40 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

• ensuring that only U.S. citizens handle certain products and services, and ensuring that certain 

activities and products are located only in the United States; 

• establishing a Corporate Security Committee and other mechanisms to ensure compliance with 

all required actions, including the appointment of a U.S. Government -approved security officer 

and/or member of the board of directors and requirements for security policies, annual reports, 

and independent audits; 

• notifying, for approval, security officers or relevant U.S. Government parties in advance of 

foreign national visits to the U.S. business; 

• security protocols to ensure the integrity of goods or software sold to the U.S. Government; 

• notifying customers regarding the change of ownership; 

• assurances of continuity of supply to the U.S. Government for defined periods, and notification 

and consultation prior to taking certain business decisions, reserving certain rights for the U.S. 

Government in the event that the company decides to exit a business line; establishing meetings 

to discuss business plans that might affect U.S. Government supply or raise national security 

considerations; 

• exclusion of certain sensitive assets from the transaction; 

• ensuring that only authorized vendors supply certain products or services; 

• prior notification to and approval by relevant U.S. Government parties in connection with any 

increase in ownership or rights by the foreign acquirer; and 

• divestiture by the foreign acquirer of all or part of the U.S. business.15 

CFIUS agencies use a variety of means to monitor and enforce compliance by the companies that are 

subject to the measures, including: 

• periodic reporting to U.S. Government agencies by the companies; 

• on-site compliance reviews by U.S. Government agencies; 

• third-party audits or monitors when provided for by the terms of the mitigation measures; and 

15 Divestiture of all of a U.S. business is an option parties may consent to in lieu of a referral to the President and typically effectuated through a 

withdrawal of the notice and abandonment of the transaction. For this reason, such divestitures are not included in data on cases cleared with 

mitigation. 

41 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

• investigations and remedial actions if anomalies or breaches are discovered or suspected, 

including the imposition of penalties or unilateral initiation of another review of the covered 

transaction, where appropriate. 

Due to the number and complexity of mitigation measures and conditions implemented to date, as a 

general matter individual CFIUS agencies monitor compliance through a number of internal practices 

and procedures, including: 

• assigning staff responsibilities for the monitoring of compliance; 

• designing tracking systems to monitor required reports; and 

• instituting internal instructions and procedures to ensure that in-house expertise is drawn upon 

to analyze compliance with measures. 

42 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

G. Perceived Adverse Effects of Covered Transactions 

Section 721(m) requires that this Annual Report include a detailed discussion of all perceived adverse 

effects of covered transactions on the national security or critical infrastructure of the United States that 

the Committee will take into account in its deliberations during the period before delivery of the next 

report, to the extent possible. In reviewing a covered transaction, CFIUS evaluates all relevant national 

security considerations identified by its member agencies during the pendency of the case and does not 

conclude action on a covered transaction if there are unresolved national security concerns. 

As discussed in the Guidance Concerning the National Security Review Conducted by CFIUS, which CFIUS 

published in the Federal Register on December 8, 2008, and which remains relevant for the reporting 

period of this Report, the transactions that CFIUS has thus far reviewed continue to present a broad 

range of national security considerations.16 CFIUS examines the national security considerations to 

determine whether, in light of the specific facts and circumstances related to the transaction, the 

transaction would adversely affect national security and pose a national security risk. Among the 

considerations presented by transactions reviewed by CFIUS are the following: 

Covered control transactions or covered investments in U.S. businesses that: 

• provide products and services to an agency or agencies of the U.S. Government, or state and 

local authorities that have functions that are relevant to national security; 

• provide products or services that could expose national security vulnerabilities, including 

potential cyber security concerns, or create vulnerability to sabotage or espionage. This 

includes consideration of whether the covered transaction will increase the risk of exploitation 

of the particular U.S. business's position in the supply chain; 

• have operations, or produce or supply products or services, the security of which may have 

implications for U.S. national security, such as businesses potentially involving critical 

infrastructure; businesses that involve various aspects of energy production, including 

extraction, generation, transmission, and distribution; businesses that affect the national 

transportation system; and businesses that could significantly and directly affect the U.S. 

financial system; 

• have access to classified information or sensitive government or government contract 

information, including information about employees; 

• are in the defense, security, and national security-related law enforcement sectors; 

• are involved in activities related to weapons and munitions manufacturing, aerospace, satellite, 

and radar systems; 

• produce certain types of advanced technologies that may be useful in defending, or in seeking 

to impair, U.S. national security, which may include businesses engaged in the design and 

16 See 73 Fed. Reg. 74567 (Dec. 8, 2008). 

43 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

production of equipment or components that have both commercial and military applications. 

Such transactions have included, for example, businesses engaged in the design, production, or 

provision of goods and services involving network and data security. They have also included 

businesses that produce semiconductor manufacturing equipment, design integrated circuits, 

and fabricate integrated circuits, in light of the fact that semiconductors are an enabling 

technology for a range of national security critical devices, systems, and functions. They have 

also included businesses that are in the biotechnology s'ector, given the potential military 

applications of such technology and the sensitivity of the information such companies may 

collect; 

• engage in the research and development, production, or sale of technology, goods, software, or 

services that are subject to U.S. export controls; 

• are in a field with significant national security implications where there are few alternative 

suppliers or where a loss in U.S. technological competitiveness would be detrimental to national 

security; 

• with respect to the various technologies described above, could facilitate their transfer to third 

parties not directly related to the buyer, to the detriment of national security; 

• have operations or facilities that are in proximity to military or other sensitive U.S. Government 

facilities; 

• hold potentially sensitive data about U.S. persons and businesses that have national security 

importance; and/or 

• otherwise facilitate foreign intelligence collection against U.S. targets. 

Foreign acquisition of U.S. real estate that: 

• is in proximity to military or other sensitive U.S. Government facilities. 

Acquisitions or investments by foreign persons that: 

• are controlled by a foreign government; 

• are from a country with a record on nonproliferation and other national security-related matters 

that raises concerns; 

• have historical records of taking or an intent to take actions that could impair U.S. national 

security; and/or 

• have a history of doing business in sanctioned countries. 

44 
CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CY 2020 

CFIUS reviews all relevant national security considerations and the particular facts and circumstances of 

a transaction to determine whether the transaction will pose a national security risk. Among the factors 

that CFIUS takes into account are the following, listed in Section 721(f): 

1) domestic production needed for projected national defense requirements; 

2) the capability and capacity of domestic industries to meet national defense requirements, 

including the availability of human resources, products, technology, materials, and other 

supplies and services 

3) the control of domestic industries and commercial activity by foreign citizens as it affects the 

capability and capacity of the United States to meet the requirements of national security; 

4) the potential effects of the proposed or pending transaction on sales of military goods, 

equipment, or technology to any countrya. identified by the Secretary of State17 -

i. under section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as a country that 

supports terrorism; 

ii. under section 6(1) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as a country of 

concern regarding missile proliferation; or 

iii. under section 6{m) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, as a country of 

concern regarding the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons; 

b. identified by the Secretary of Defense as posing a potential regional military threat to 

the interests of the United States; or 

c. listed under section 309(c) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 on the "Nuclear 

Non-Proliferation-Special Country List" (15 C.F.R. Part 778, Supplement No. 4) or any 

successor list; 

5) the potential effects of the proposed or pending transaction on United States international 

technological leadership in areas affecting United States national security; 

6) the potential national security-related effects on United States critical infrastructure, including 

major energy assets; 

7) the potential national security-related effects on United States critical technologies; 

8) whether the covered transaction is a foreign government-controlled transaction, as determined 

under subsection (b)(l)(B) of Section 721; 

9) as appropriate, and particularly with respect to transactions requiring an investigation under 

subsection (b)(l)(B) of Section 721, a review of the current assessment of: 

17 While the Export Administration Act of 1979 was repealed and replaced with the Export Control Act of 2018, CFIUS continues to take into 

account the same national security factors identified under Section 721 (f) of the Defense Production Act as reflected in the currently applicable 

successor laws. 

45 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

a. the adherence of the subject country to nonproliferation control regimes, including 

treaties and multilateral supply guidelines, which shall draw on, but not be limited to, 

the annual report on "Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, 

Nonproliferation and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments," required by section 

403 of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act; 

b. the relationship of such country with the United States, specifically on its record on 

cooperating in counter-terrorism efforts, which shall draw on, but not be limited to, the 

report of the President to Congress under section 7120 of the Intelligence Reform and 

Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 [unclassified]; and 

c. the potential for transshipment or diversion of technologies with military applications, 

including an analysis of national export control laws and regulations; 

10) the long-term projection of United States requirements for sources of energy and other critical 

resources and materials; and 

11) such other factors as the President or the Committee may determine to be appropriate, 

generally or in connection with a specific review or investigation. 

In future reporting periods, CFIUS will continue to take into account these national security 

considerations and to consider whether the transactions may have had the above-listed or any other 

adverse effects. 

46 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

H. Compliance Plans and Assessment of Compliance with Mitigation Agreements and Conditions 

Section 721(m) directs the Committee to report on the statistics on compliance plans conducted and 

actions taken by the Committee under subsection (1)(6) of Section 721, including subparagraph (D) of 

that subsection, during that period, a general assessment of the compliance of parties with agreements 

entered into and conditions imposed under subsection (1)(3)(A) of Section 721 that are in effect during 

that period, including a description of any actions taken by the Committee to impose penalties or 

initiate a unilateral review pursuant to subsection (b)(l)(D)(iii) of Section 721, and any 

recommendations for improving the enforcement of such agreements and conditions. 

Of the mitigation agreements and conditions entered into by the Committee, 166 are currently being 

monitored. Six mitigation agreements and conditions were modified materially in 2020. All of the 19 

mitigation agreements that were entered into for transactions filed in 2020 had compliance plans. 

For each of the agreements monitored by the Committee, CFIUS and the monitoring agencies have 

worked to ensure a satisfactory level of compliance by the parties. The Committee has not determined 

that there were major violations of any mitigation agreements or conditions in effect during 2020. The 

Committee did not assess or impose penalties or initiate a unilateral review of a transaction pursuant to 

Section 721(b)(l)(D)(iii) during 2020. Remediation activities were instituted for three agreements during 

the reporting period following minor violations. The Committee took no other enforcement actions 

during the reporting period. 

As a general matter, during the reporting period, where mitigation agreements in the form of NSAs 

negotiated and signed by the lead agency or agencies included provisions regarding a third-party 

monitor, the NSA also includes a provision to ensure that conflicts of interest do not arise. 

CFIUS will continue engaging with parties subject to mitigation agreements or conditions and 

independent monitors to improve compliance, engaging more broadly with industry and advisors and 

practitioners to encourage a culture of compliance, and increasing staff resources dedicated to 

monitoring and enforcement activities. 

47 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

I. Non-Notified Transactions 

CFIUS utilized various methods to identify non-notified/non-declared transactions in 2020 including 

interagency referrals, tips from the public, media reports, commercial databases, and congressional 

notifications. 

Potential methods for improving the identification of non-notified/non-declared transactions include 

increased training and attention of staff across CFIUS member agencies to help increase coordination 

and effective identification of transactions of interest to pursue, particularly for those personnel 

involved in the non-notified work. Separately, increasing public awareness of the CFIUS tip mailbox 

hosted by the Department of the Treasury could further improve identification of non-notified 

transactions. 

There were 117 transactions identified through the non-notified/non-declared process in 2020 that 

were put forward to the Committee for consideration. From the transactions identified, 17 transactions 

resulted in a request for filing. 

48 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

J. Committee Hiring 

Following the Committee's implementation of FIRRMA, all CFIUS member agencies designated or intend 

to designate an Assistant Secretary, or an equivalent official, who is appointed by the President, by and 

with the advice and consent of the Senate, to carry out such Committee duties as the member of the 

Committee may retain or delegate. 

The Committee also acknowledges and is implementing special hiring authority pursuant to subsection 

(k)(4)(b). The interagency focus on hiring has included posting job announcements and utilizing direct 

hire authority to attract qualified candidates with transferrable skills and at various levels from a variety 

of relevant backgrounds. 

49 
Introduction 

CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

SECTION II: CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES 

This section of the Annual Report has been prepared in accordance with Section 721(m)(3), which 

requires: 

"(A) an evaluation of whether there is credible evidence of a coordinated strategy by one or 

more countries or companies to acquire United States companies involved in research, 

development, or production of critical technologies for which the United States is a leading 

producer; 

(B) an evaluation of whether there are industrial espionage activities directed or directly 

assisted by foreign governments against private United States companies aimed at obtaining 

commercial secrets related to critical technologies; and 

(C) a description of the technologies recommended by the chairperson under subsection 

(a)(6)(B) of Section 721 for identification under the interagency process set forth in section 

1758(a) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018." 

Definitions & Methodologies 

For subsection II-A, CFIUS provides the United States Intelligence Community (USIC) with a list of 

transactions involving one or more critical technologies (collectively "the 2020 critical technology 

transactions") that the USIC analyzes to determine which transactions, if any, meet this Report's 

definition of a coordinated strategy, as defined in the Appendix. The definition of "critical technologies" 

is set forth in FIRRMA and the CFIUS regulations. See the Appendix for this definition. "Critical 

technology companies" are U.S. companies that CFIUS identified for this section of the Report involved 

in research, development, or production of critical technologies. The Appendix also provides the 

approach used to conduct the analyses required under Section 721 related to critical technologies. 

Finally, the Appendix lists the agencies and other entities that participated in preparing this section of 

the Report. 

A. Whether There Is Credible Evidence of a Coordinated Strategy to Acquire Critical Technology 

Companies 

1. Key Judgments 

A meaningful summary of the USIC assessment cannot be provided on an unclassified basis. However, 

the USIC considered the unclassified data included in this section in conducting its analysis. 

so 
CFIUS-ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS- CY 2020 

2. Summary of Foreign M&A Activity in the United States 

Using the methodology described in the Appendix, CFIUS reviewed 122 covered transactions involving 

acquisitions of U.S. critical technology companies in 2020. CFIUS agencies and the USIC evaluated all 

relevant transactions for indications of a coordinated strategy, as defined for this report, to acquire U.S. 

critical technologies. 

3. Frequency of Activity by Countries and Companies 

Table 11-1 lists the originating countries for acquisitions of U.S. critical technology companies reviewed 

by CFIUS in 2020. 

Table 11-1: Foreign Acquirers of U.S. Critical Technology in 2020 Notices of Covered Transaction 

Home Country or Geographic Economy 2020 

Japan 18 

Sweden 10 

Canada 10 

Germany 9 

United Kingdom 9 

Israel 6 

China 5 

France 4 

Guernsey 4 

Luxembourg 4 

Cayman Islands 3 

Italy 3 

Taiwan 3 

Australia 3 

Netherlands 3 

India 2 

Singapore 2 

Saudi Arabia 2 

Jersey 2 

Switzerland 2 

France 2 

Ireland 2 

Qatar 2 

British Virgin Islands 2 

Denmark 1 

South Korea 1 

51 
CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

Home Country or Geographic Economy 2020 

UAE 1 

Bermuda 1 

Finland 1 

Norway 1 

Czech Republic 1 

Belgium 1 

South Africa 1 

Russia 1 

As shown in Figure 11-1, the largest number of notices filed with CFIUS in 2020 involved foreign 

acquisitions of U.S. companies in the Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing, Professional, 

Scientific, and Technical Services, Transportation Equipment Manufacturing, Publishing Industries 

[except Internet], Telecommunications, and Chemical Manufacturing sectors. 

Figure 11-1: Critical Technology Transactions by Sector of U.S. Target Company, 2020 

30 28 

25 

25 

10 

computer and Professlonal, Transportation Publlshlng Industries Telecommunications 0,emlcal Fabricated Metal Support 

----

Activities for Machinery Utllltles Elect~cal Equipment, 

Electronic Product Scientific, and Equipment (except Internet) Manufacturing Product Transportation Manufacturing 

Manufacturing Technical Services Manufacturing Manufacturing 

Sector of U.S. Target Company 

Appliance, and 

component 

Manufacturtna 

B. Whether Foreign Governments Used Espionage Activities to Obtain Commercial Secrets Related to 

Critical Technologies 

1. Key Finding 

The USIC judges that foreign governments are extremely likely to use a range of collection methods to 

obtain critical U.S. technologies. 

A 2018 National Counterintelligence and Security Center report to Congress stated that foreign 

economic and industrial espionage against the United States continues to represent a significant threat 

to U.S. prosperity, security, and competitive advantage. Foreign intelligence services and threat actors 

working on their behalf continue to represent the most persistent and pervasive cyber intelligence 

threat tied to economic espionage and the potential theft of U.S. trade secrets and proprietary 

information. Countries with closer ties to the United States have also conducted cyber espionage and 

other forms of intelligence collection to obtain U.S. technology. Federal research institutions, 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

universities, and corporations are regularly targeted by cyber actors seeking all manner of proprietary 

information. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

SECTION Ill: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BY COUNTRIES THAT BOYCOTT 

ISRAEL OR DO NOT BAN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS 

Introduction 

This section of the Annual Report has been prepared in accordance with section 7(c) of FINSA (codified 

at 50 U.S.C. § 4565 n.), which provides: 

1) STUDY REQUIRED.-Before the end of the 120-day period beginning on the date of enactment of 

this Act and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 

Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, shall conduct a study on foreign direct 

investments in the United States, especially investments in critical infrastructure and industries 

affecting national security, by-

(A) foreign governments, entities controlled by or acting on behalf of a foreign government, 

or persons of foreign countries which comply with any boycott of Israel; or 

(B) foreign governments, entities controlled by or acting on behalf of a foreign government, 

or persons of foreign countries which do not ban organizations designated by the 

Secretary of State as foreign terrorist organizations. 

2) REPORT-Before the end of the 30-day period beginning upon the date of completion of each 

study under paragraph (1) and thereafter in each annual report under section 721(m) of the 

Defense Production Act of 1950 (as added by this section), the Secretary of the Treasury shall 

submit a report to Congress, for transmittal to all appropriate committees of the Senate and the 

House of Representatives, containing the findings and conclusions of the Secretary with respect 

to the study described in paragraph (1), together with an analysis of the effects of such 

investment on the national security of the United States and on any efforts to address those 

effects. 

A. Summary of Findings and Conclusions of Study 

• Mergers with, and acquisitions of, U.S. companies (M&A), the main form of foreign direct 

investment into the United States, by investors from the countries described in section 7(c)(l) of 

FINSA that were completed between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020 ("subject M&A 

transactions"), represent a small percentage of the total number of such foreign direct investment 

flows into the United States. 

• The value of subject M&A transactions with publicly reported values was $17.4 billion. As described 

in subsection 111-C below, not all publicly announced transactions are reported with dollar values, so 

the actual value of subject M&A transactions is greater than $17.4 billion. 

• The subject M&A transactions cover several economic sectors. 

• With respect to each transaction contained in the study, CFIUS: (i) reviewed and concluded action 

under Section 721 with no unresolved national security concerns; (ii) previously reviewed and 

concluded action on a transaction that gave the foreign acquirer control of the same U.S. business; 

or (iii) reviewed the transaction through procedures that CFIUS and its member agencies follow 

regarding those transactions that are not notified to CFIUS (non-notified transactions). 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

B. Study Methodology 

1. Identification of Relevant Countries 

To identify those countries that complied with any boycott of Israel at any time in 2020, as required by 

the statute, the Department of the Treasury consulted with the Departments of State and Commerce. 

In particular, CFIUS examined the "List of Countries Requiring Cooperation with an International 

Boycott, 11 published by the Department of the Treasury (pursuant to section 999 of the Internal Revenue 

Code)18 and reports sent to Congress by the Department of State (pursuant to section 564 of the Foreign 

Relations Authorization Act, FY 1994-95), and information collected by the Department of Commerce's 

Office of Antiboycott Compliance. Based on these sources of information, CFIUS interpreted the 

reporting requirement under section 7(c)(l)(A) of FINSA to apply to the following countries: Algeria, 

Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, 19 Syria, the United Arab Emirates,20 and 

Yemen. 

To identify those countries that did not ban foreign terrorist organizations at any time in 2020, CFIUS 

interpreted section 7(c )(l)(B) of FINSA to apply to countries certified by the Department of State as "not 

cooperating fully with United States antiterrorism efforts" (pursuant to section 40A of the Arms Export 

Control Act, as amended). Those countries were Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and Venezuela.21 

2. Scope of Foreign Direct Investment 

The following types of transactions are included in the study: (i) transactions notified to CFIUS under 

Section 721; (ii) M&A transactions that were not notified to CFIUS but that its member agencies 

reviewed through procedures that each agency has adopted for this purpose; and (iii) M&A transactions 

that resulted in an ownership stake in a U.S. company of at least 10 percent,22 as contained in the 

Refinitiv database, which is a recognized financial database. 

Refinitiv database: The transaction information contained in this database includes the date of the 

transaction, the respective countries of origin of both the acquirer and the target company, and the 

economic sector of the target company. For most transactions, the database provides the transaction 

value and the percentage of ownership rights acquired. 

CFIUS did not include in the study those transactions listed in the Refinitiv database that resulted in an 

ownership stake in a U.S. company of less than 10 percent, where data concerning the interest acquired 

was available. 

18 85 Fed. Reg. 7618 {Feb. 2, 2020); 85 Fed. Reg. 20028 (Apr. 9, 2020); 85 Fed. Reg. 43944 (July 20, 2020); 85 Fed. Reg. 64615 (Oct. 13, 2020). 

19 In April 2021, Sudan repealed its boycott law. Because the law was in place for all of 2020, Sudan is included for purposes of this specific 

reporting requirement for CY 2020. 

20 In late August 2020, the United Arab Emirates repealed its boycott law. Because the prior law requiring a boycott of Israel was in place for 

part of 2020, the United Arab Emirates is included for purposes of this specific reporting requirement for CY 2020. 

21 85 Fed. Reg. 33772 (June 2, 2020). 

22 Foreign direct investment is generally understood to imply ownership of at least 10 percent, a benchmark used by many statistical agencies 

around the world, including the Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Council of Economic Advisors (Economic Report 

of the President), the International Monetary Fund, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. As noted in the 

description of the Refinitiv database, these sources did not always provide information regarding the acquirer's total ownership stake that it 

acquired in the U.S. company. Therefore, some of the transactions analyzed in this study may be portfolio investments rather than foreign 

direct investment. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

C. Detailed Findings of Study 

1. Identification of the Subject M&A Transactions 

The study identified 101 M&A transactions in 2020 involving investors from Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, 

Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, which are countries that comply with any boycott of Israel. 

The study did not identify any M&A transactions in 2020 involving investors from Cuba, Iran, North 

Korea, Syria, or Venezuela, which are countries identified as not cooperating fully with U.S. antiterrorism 

efforts and which were subject to stringent economic sanctions. 

73 of the 101 identified transactions had reported values. The combined value of the reported values is 

approximately $17.4 billion. Data sources consulted for this study did not report, and Treasury staff 

were unable to determine independently, values for 28 of the 101 transactions analyzed. As a result, 

the value of the 101 transactions is necessarily greater than $17.4 billion. Table 11 1-1 shows the number 

and aggregate value of the transactions for each of the relevant countries. 

Table 111-1. Aggregate Value of Transactions 

Country 2020 Transactions Known Transaction Value ($ million) 

United Arab Emirates 49 8,558 

Saudi Arabia 29 7,012 

Qatar 10 1,332 

Kuwait 8 323 

Lebanon 5 206 

Total 101 17,431 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

The 101 transactions represent several major sectors of the economy. Table 111-2 shows the various 

sectors represented by the 101 transactions, noting both the number and aggregate value of the 

transactions for each sector. A majority of transactions in the Information Technology sector - the 

largest category represented - were comprised of transactions in the Application Software Industry. 

Table 111-2. Industries Represented 

Sector 2020 Transactions Known Transaction Value ($ million) 

Information Technology 27 5,448 

Real Estate 16 624 

Financials 13 6,262 

Industrials 12 1,582 

Health Care 10 328 

Communication Services 9 1,289 

Consumer Discretionary 8 1,046 

Energy 4 674 

Transportation 1 178 

Consumer Staples 1 -

Total 101 17,431 

2. National Security Effects of the Subject M&A Transactions 

Each of the 101 transactions was either formally reviewed by CFIUS pursuant to a voluntary notified 

transaction or pursuant to procedures followed by CFIUS and its member agencies regarding nonnotified transactions. According to these procedures, CFIUS agencies monitor M&A activity and identify 

those transactions that have not been voluntarily notified to CFIUS, but which may present national 

security considerations. 

If CFIUS believes that a non-notified transaction may raise national security considerations and may also 

be a covered transaction, CFIUS contacts the parties and requests additional information regarding the 

transaction. If CFIUS determines, after evaluating this additional information, that the transaction is 

covered and that it may raise national security considerations, CFIUS requests the parties file a notice. 

In most instances in which CFIUS has requested additional information regarding a transaction, the 

parties respond by filing a voluntary notice. However, should the parties decide they will not file a 

notice after CFIUS requests they do so, any CFIUS agency may initiate a review of the transaction. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

APPENDIX 

A. Definition of "Critical Technologies"

As applicable to the transactions that are the subject of this Annual Report, 31 C.F.R. part 800, defines 

"critical technologies" with reference to U.S. export control regulations, as they were determined to be 

the most reliable and accurate means of identifying critical technologies. 

"§ 800.215 Critical technologies. 

The term critical technologies means: 

(a) Defense articles or defense services covered by the United States Munitions List (USML), which

is set forth in the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) (22 C.F.R. parts 120-130};

(b) Those items specified on the Commerce Control List (CCL) set forth in Supplement No. 1 to part

774 of the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) (15 C.F.R. parts 730-774) that are controlled

pursuant to multilateral regimes (i.e., for reasons of national security, chemical and biological

weapons proliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, or missile technology), as well as those that are

controlled for reasons relating to regional stability or surreptitious listening;

(c) Specially designed and prepared nuclear equipment, parts and components, materials,

software, and technology specified in the Assistance to Foreign Atomic Energy Activities

regulations (10 C.F.R. part 810);

(d) Nuclear facilities, equipment, and material specified in the Export and Import of Nuclear

Equipment and Materials regulations (10 C.F.R. part 110);

(e) Select agents and toxins specified in the Select Agents and Toxins regulations (7 C.F.R. part 331,

9 C.F.R. part 121, and 42 C.F.R. part 73); and

(f) Emerging and foundational technologies controlled pursuant to section 1758 of the Export

Control Reform Act of 2018 (SO U.S.C. 4817)."

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B. Methodology and Data Sources Used to Assess Foreign Acquisitions of U.S. Critical Technology 

Companies 

The definition of critical technologies contained in 31 C.F.R. 800.215 is specific to the CFIUS regulations. 

Therefore, for purposes of Section II of this Annual Report, CFIUS agencies responsible for administering 

U.S. export control regulations analyzed all covered transactions filed with CFIUS in 2020, and their 

agency's own internal records to identify those U.S. critical technology companies that were acquired 

by, or received significant investments from, foreign investors in 2020. Because each export control 

regulation applies to a specific type of critical technology, the amount of information that could be 

analyzed for Section II of this Annual Report was limited. 

31 C.F.R. § 800.215(a): This paragraph pertains to defense articles or defense services covered 

by the United States Munitions List (USML), which is set forth in the International Traffic in Arms 

Regulations (ITAR) (22 C.F.R. parts 120-130}. 

Under the provisions of the ITAR, the Department of State regulates robust registration, licensing, and 

compliance processes for any person, whether U.S. or foreign, involved in the export or temporary 

import of a defense article or defense service controlled by the ITAR. This approach enabled the 

Department of State to identify covered transactions in 2020 involving U.S. critical technology 

companies that produce defense articles or services covered under the ITAR. 

31 C.F.R. § 800.215(b): This paragraph pertains to those items specified on the Department of 

Commerce's Control List (CCL), which is set forth in Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of the Export 

Administration Regulations (EAR) (15 C.F.R. parts 730-774). The items on the CCL are controlled 

pursuant to multilateral regimes (i.e., for reasons of national security, chemical and biological 

weapons proliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, or missile technology) as well as for reasons 

relating to regional stability or surreptitious listening. 

31 C.F.R. § 800.215(f): This paragraph pertains to emerging and foundational technologies 

controlled pursuant to section 1758 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018. 

Firms producing items under the regulations specified in paragraph (b) of 31 C.F.R. § 800.215 are not 

required to register with the Department of Commerce, but, in many cases, must obtain a license from 

the Department of Commerce to export those items (including "deemed exports" to foreign nationals in 

the United States). To identify acquisitions of companies producing items that fall under this part of the 

definition, the Department of Commerce analyzed all covered transactions filed with CFIUS in 2020 and 

its internal agency records of export license applications and commodity classification requests. 

31 C.F.R. § 800.215(c): This paragraph pertains to specially designed and prepared nuclear 

equipment, parts and components, materials, software, and technology specified in the 

Assistance to Foreign Atomic Energy Activities regulations (10 C.F.R. part 810). 

31 C.F.R. § 800.215(d): This paragraph pertains to nuclear facilities, equipment, and material 

specified in the Export and Import of Nuclear Equipment and Materials regulations (10 C.F.R. 

part 110). 

The Department of Energy used a similar approach to that adopted by the Department of Commerce. 

This entailed comparing a list of all covered transactions filed with CFIUS in 2020 against export 

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CFIUS -ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

authorizations issued under 10 C.F.R. part 810 and export license requests issued by the Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission under 10 C.F.R. part 110. 

31 C.F.R. § 800.215(e): This paragraph pertains to select agents and toxins specified in the Select 

Agents and Toxins regulations (7 C.F.R. part 331, 9 C.F.R. part 121, and 42 C.F.R. part 73). 

The agents and toxins specified in this paragraph are generally subject to export controls administered 

by the Department of Commerce. Accordingly, the methodology used by the Department of Commerce 

would be the same as that described above. 

C. Analyzing the Acquisitions of U.S. Critical Technology Companies 

CFIUS agencies addressed parts (A) and (B) of Section 721(m)(3) of the Defense Production Act of 1950, 

as amended, by doing the following. 

Analyzing the pattern of M&A of U.S. critical technology companies during 2020, while also considering 

transactions in prior years, as appropriate. 

• CFIUS agencies concentrated on foreign direct investment through M&A of companies involved 

in all critical technologies, regardless of industry. 

• CFIUS agencies did not attempt to evaluate issues relating to other avenues of foreign access to 

U.S. critical technologies, such as licensing, contracting, or other arrangements that are not 

M&A transactions. 

Assessing illicit attempts by government intelligence services of major economic competitors to obtain 

military and dual-use critical technologies. 

• CFIUS agencies did not attempt to evaluate foreign espionage in areas other than dual-use, 

military, or other U.S. critical technologies, or against companies not headquartered in the 

United States. 

• In addition, CFIUS agencies reviewed available information about other countries that have 

historically sought information on critical technologies through the use of those countries' 

intelligence services. 

D. Defining "Coordinated Strategy" for Purposes of Section II of this Annual Report 

CFIUS agencies continue to use the following definition of "coordinated strategy." 

A plan of action reflected in directed efforts developed and implemented by a foreign government, in 

association with one or more foreign companies, to acquire U.S. companies with critical technologies. 

The efforts of a single company in pursuit of business goals, absent indications of specific government 

direction, were not considered to be a coordinated strategy. Individual company strategies that 

encompass such business goals may include: entry into the U.S. market; increased market share, 

increased sales, access to new technologies, and diversification out of mature industries. 

• Examples of suspect behaviors that could be evidence of a coordinated strategy include: 

- A pattern of actual or attempted acquisitions of U.S. firms by foreign entities; 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

- Evidence that specific completed or attempted acquisitions of companies with critical 

technologies had been ordered by foreign governments or foreign governmentcontrolled firms; and 

- The provision of narrowly targeted incentives by foreign governments or foreigncontrolled firms (e.g., grants, concessionary loans, or tax breaks), especially those that 

appear to market observers to be disproportionately generous, to acquire U.S. firms 

with critical technologies. 

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CFIUS - ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS - CY 2020 

E. Participating Agencies and Entities - Section II 

Department of Commerce 

• Bureau of Industry and Security 

• International Trade Administration 

• National Telecommunications and Information Administration 

Department of Energy 

• National Nuclear Security Administration 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission 

Department of State 

• Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs 

• Bureau of Political-Military Affairs 

• Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation 

Department of the Treasury 

Intelligence Community Elements 

• Office of the Director of National Intelligence, National Intelligence Council 

• Air Force Office of Special Investigations 

• Army Counterintelligence Center 

• Central Intelligence Agency 

• Defense Intelligence Agency 

• Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Branch 

• Department of Energy, Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 

• Department of Homeland Security, Office of Intelligence and Analysis 

• Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research 

• Department of the Treasury, Office of Intelligence and Analysis 

• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity 

• Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive, Community Acquisition Risk Section 

• National Counterterrorism Center 

• National Geospatial-lntelligence Agency 

• National Security Agency 

• Naval Intelligence (Office of Naval Intelligence and Naval Criminal Investigative Service) 

Executive Office of the President 

• Council of Economic Advisors 

• National Security Council 

• Office of Science and Technology Policy 

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