Audit Report

OIG-17-023

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Audit of the Exchange Stabilization Fund’s Fiscal Years 2016

and 2015 Financial Statements

December 06, 2016

Office of

Inspector General

Department of the Treasury
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
OFFICE OF

INSPECTOR GENERAL

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20220

December 06, 2016

MEMORANDUM FOR ANDREW BAUKOL

PRINCIPAL DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR 

 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY AND FINANCIAL POLICY

FROM: James Hodge /s/

Director, Financial Audit

SUBJECT: Audit of the Exchange Stabilization Fund’s Fiscal Years 2016

and 2015 Financial Statements 

Under a contract monitored by our office, KPMG LLP (KPMG), an independent 

certified public accounting firm, audited the financial statements of the Exchange 

Stabilization Fund (ESF) as of September 30, 2016 and 2015, and for the years 

then ended, and provided a report on internal control over financial reporting, and a

report on reportable noncompliance with laws, regulations, and contracts tested. 

The contract required that the audit be performed in accordance with U.S. 

generally accepted government auditing standards, Office of Management and 

Budget Bulletin No. 15-02, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statements, 

and the Government Accountability Office/President’s Council on Integrity and 

Efficiency Financial Audit Manual.

In its audit of ESF, KPMG found

• the financial statements were fairly presented, in all material respects, in 

accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles;

• no deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that are considered 

material weaknesses; and

• no instances of reportable noncompliance with laws, regulations, and 

contracts tested.

In connection with the contract, we reviewed KPMG’s reports and related 

documentation and inquired of its representatives. Our review, as differentiated 

from an audit performed in accordance with U.S. generally accepted government 

auditing standards, was not intended to enable us to express, and we do not 

express, opinions on the ESF’s financial statements or conclusions about the 

effectiveness of internal control or compliance with laws and regulations. KPMG is 

responsible for the attached auditors’ reports dated December 06, 2016, and the 
Page 2

conclusions expressed in the reports. However, our review disclosed no instances 

where KPMG did not comply, in all material respects, with U.S. generally accepted 

government auditing standards.

Should you have any questions, please contact me at (202) 927-0009, or a 

member of your staff may contact Catherine Yi, Manager, Financial Audit, at (202) 

927-5591.

Attachment
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

Financial Statement

September 30, 2016 and 2015 
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

Table of Contents

Page

Policy and Operations Statements 1

Independent Auditors’ Report 3

Independent Auditors’ Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 5

Independent Auditors’ Report on Compliance and Other Matters 7

Statements of Financial Position 8

Statement of Operations, Comprehensive Operations and Retained Earnings 9

Statement of Cash Flows 10

Notes to Financial Statements 11
EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

POLICY AND OPERATIONS STATEMENTS

FISCAL YEAR 2016

Unaudited – see accompanying auditor’s report 1

The Nature and Function of the Exchange Stabilization Fund

The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 established a fund to be operated by the Secretary of the 

Treasury, with the approval of the President. Section 10 of the Act provided that “For the 

purpose of stabilizing the exchange value of the dollar, the Secretary of the Treasury, with the 

approval of the President, directly or through such agencies as he may designate, is authorized, 

for the account of the fund established in this section, to deal in gold and foreign exchange and 

such other instruments of credit and securities as he may deem necessary to carry out the purpose 

of this section.” To this end, the Congress, in 1934, appropriated to the Exchange Stabilization 

Fund (ESF) the sum of $2 billion out of the increment resulting from the reduction in the “weight 

of the gold dollar.” Subsequent amendments to the Gold Reserve Act approved the operation of 

the ESF through June 30, 1945. Section 7 of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act, approved July 

31, 1945, continued its operations permanently.

The Bretton Woods Agreements Act also directed the Secretary of the Treasury to pay 

$1.8 billion from the ESF to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), for the initial U. S. quota 

subscription in the IMF, thereby reducing the ESF’s appropriated capital to $200 million.

Reflecting termination of the fixed exchange rate system, legislation enacted in 1976 

(P.L. 94-564, October 19, 1976) amended the language of Section 10 of the Gold Reserve Act to 

specify that the ESF is to be utilized as the Secretary “may deem necessary to and consistent 

with the United States obligations in the International Monetary Fund.” This amendment 

became effective on April 1, 1978, the date of entry into force of the Second Amendment of the 

IMF Articles of Agreement. In 1977, P.L. 95-147 further amended Section 10 of the Gold 

Reserve Act. The Gold Reserve Act, the following codification, now provides in relevant part:

“Consistent with the obligations of the Government in the International Monetary Fund on 

orderly exchange arrangements and a stable system of exchange rates, the Secretary or an 

agency designated by the Secretary, with the approval of the President, may deal in gold, 

foreign exchange, and other instruments of credit and securities the Secretary considers 

necessary. However, a loan or credit to a foreign entity or government of a foreign country 

may be made for more than 6 months in a 12-month period only if the President gives 

Congress a written statement that unique or emergency circumstances require the loan or 

credit be for more than 6 months (31 U.S.C. 5302 (b)).”

Pursuant to the Special Drawing Rights Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-349, amended by P.L. 94-564), 

Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) allocated by the IMF to the United States or otherwise acquired 

by the United States are resources of the ESF.

Section 286p of Title 22 of the United States Code allows for SDRs to be 

monetized/demonetized through the issuance/redemption by the Secretary of the Treasury of 

SDR certificates to the Federal Reserve Banks in exchange for dollars. The total amount of SDR 
EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

POLICY AND OPERATIONS STATEMENTS

FISCAL YEAR 2016

Unaudited – see accompanying auditor’s report 2

certificates outstanding cannot exceed the dollar equivalent of ESF (i.e., U. S.) holdings of 

SDRs; such certificates are a liability of the ESF.

I. Foreign Currency Operations

a. Euros and Japanese Yen

The ESF had a net valuation gain of $1.6 billion on its holdings of euros and yen. The 

ESF had investment income of $1.4 million equivalent on its euro and yen assets.

b. Mexico

In October 2015, the Treasury and Federal Reserve Bank of New York, acting as 

Treasury’s fiscal agent, renewed the Exchange Stabilization Agreement with Mexico 

for another year to December 2016. The agreement was subsequently renewed October 

2016 for another year to December 2017.

II. SDR Operations

As of September 30, 2016, U.S. holdings (assets) of SDRs totaled SDR 35.9 billion 

($50.1 billion equivalent), a net increase of 4.4 million SDR during Fiscal Year 2016.

However, as the SDR depreciated against the dollar in this period, there was a net valuation 

loss of $284.3 million on U.S. holdings of SDRs. The ESF reimbursed the Treasury’s 

General Fund $7.6 million for SDRs received from the IMF as remuneration on the U.S.

reserve position in the IMF. The ESF earned interest of $25.4 million equivalent on its

SDR holdings.

As of September 30, 2016, cumulative allocations to (liabilities of) the United States

totaled SDR 35.3 billion ($49.3 billion equivalent). These liabilities would come due only 

in the event of liquidation of, or U.S. withdrawal from, the SDR Department of the IMF, or 

cancellation of SDRs.

There were $5.2 billion of SDR certificates that had been issued to the Federal Reserve 

System prior to fiscal year 2016.

III. Income and Expense

Interest revenue totaled $70.8 million, consisting of $44.0 million in interest on dollar 

holdings invested in U.S. Government securities, $25.4 million equivalent in interest on 

SDR holdings, and $1.4 million equivalent in interest on foreign currency investments.

Interest expense totaled $25.0 million, primarily representing interest charges on SDR 

Allocations.
3

Independent Auditors’ Report

Inspector General

U.S. Department of the Treasury

Report on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s 

Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF), which comprise the statements of financial position as of 

September 30, 2016 and 2015, and the related statements of operations, comprehensive operations and 

retained earnings and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements. 

Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in 

accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, implementation, 

and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements 

that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted 

our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, in 

accordance with the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards

issued by the Comptroller General of the United States, and in accordance with Office of Management and 

Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 15-02, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statements. Those standards 

and OMB Bulletin No. 15-02 require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance 

about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the

financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment 

of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making 

those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair 

presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the 

circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal 

control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of 

accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, 

as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 

audit opinion. 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the 

financial position of the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Exchange Stabilization Fund as of 

September 30, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended 

in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

KPMG LLP

Suite 12000

1801 K Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20006

KPMG LLP is a Delaware limited liability partnership,

the U.S. member firm of KPMG International Cooperative

(“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
4

Other Matters

Other Information

Our audits were conducted for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements as a 

whole. The Policy and Operations Statements section is presented for purposes of additional analysis and is 

not a required part of the basic financial statements. Such information has not been subjected to the 

auditing procedures applied in the audits of the basic financial statements, and accordingly, we do not 

express an opinion or provide any assurance on it. 

Other Reporting Required by Government Auditing Standards

In accordance with Government Auditing Standards, we have also issued our report dated December 6,

2016 on our consideration of the ESF’s internal control over financial reporting and our report dated

December 6, 2016 on our tests of its compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, and 

other matters. The purpose of those reports is to describe the scope of our testing of internal control over 

financial reporting and compliance and the result of that testing, and not to provide an opinion on the 

internal control over financial reporting or on compliance. Those reports are an integral part of an audit 

performed in accordance with Government Auditing Standards in considering the ESF’s internal control 

over financial reporting and compliance. 

December 6, 2016 
5

Independent Auditors’ Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Inspector General

U.S. Department of the Treasury

We have audited, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of 

America, in accordance with the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing 

Standards issued by the Comptroller General of the United States, and in accordance with Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 15-02, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial 

Statements, the financial statements of U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Exchange Stabilization Fund 

(ESF), which comprise the statements of financial position as of September 30, 2016 and 2015, and the 

related statements of operations, comprehensive operations and retained earnings and cash flows for the 

years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements, and have issued our report thereon dated

December 6, 2016.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In planning and performing our audit of the financial statements as of and for the year ended September 30,

2016, we considered the ESF’s internal control over financial reporting (internal control) to determine the 

audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances for the purpose of expressing our opinion on the 

financial statements, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the ESF’s

internal control. Accordingly, we do not express an opinion on the effectiveness of the ESF’s internal 

control. We did not test all internal controls relevant to operating objectives as broadly defined by the 

Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act of 1982. 

A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow 

management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or 

detect and correct, misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination 

of deficiencies, in internal control, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of 

the entity’s financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected, on a timely basis. A 

significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control that is less severe 

than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those charged with governance. 

Our consideration of internal control was for the limited purpose described in the first paragraph of this 

section and was not designed to identify all deficiencies in internal control that might be material 

weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Given these limitations, during our audit we did not identify any 

deficiencies in internal control that we consider to be material weaknesses. However, material weaknesses 

may exist that have not been identified. 

KPMG LLP

Suite 12000

1801 K Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20006

KPMG LLP is a Delaware limited liability partnership,

the U.S. member firm of KPMG International Cooperative

(“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
6

Purpose of this Report

The purpose of this report is solely to describe the scope of our testing of internal control and the result of 

that testing, and not to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the ESF’s internal control. This report is 

an integral part of an audit performed in accordance with Government Auditing Standards in considering 

the ESF’s internal control. Accordingly, this communication is not suitable for any other purpose. 

December 6, 2016 
7

Independent Auditors’ Report on Compliance and Other Matters 

Inspector General

U.S. Department of the Treasury

We have audited, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of 

America, in accordance with the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing 

Standards issued by the Comptroller General of the United States, and in accordance with Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 15-02, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial 

Statements, the financial statements of U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Exchange Stabilization Fund 

(ESF), which comprise the statements of financial position as of September 30, 2016 and 2015, and the 

related statements of operations, comprehensive operations and retained earnings and cash flows for the 

years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements, and have issued our report thereon 

dated December 6, 2016. 

Compliance and Other Matters

As part of obtaining reasonable assurance about whether the ESF’s financial statements are free from 

material misstatement, we performed tests of its compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations, 

and contracts, noncompliance with which could have a direct and material effect on the determination of 

financial statement amounts. However, providing an opinion on compliance with those provisions was not 

an objective of our audit, and accordingly, we do not express such an opinion. The results of our tests of 

compliance disclosed no instances of noncompliance or other matters that are required to be reported 

herein under Government Auditing Standards or OMB Bulletin No. 15-02. 

Purpose of this Report

The purpose of this report is solely to describe the scope of our testing of compliance and the result of that 

testing, and not to provide an opinion on the ESF’s compliance. This report is an integral part of an audit 

performed in accordance with Government Auditing Standards in considering the ESF’s compliance.

Accordingly, this communication is not suitable for any other purpose. 

December 6, 2016 

KPMG LLP

Suite 12000

1801 K Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20006

KPMG LLP is a Delaware limited liability partnership,

the U.S. member firm of KPMG International Cooperative

(“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(In Thousands)

As of September 30 2016 2015

Assets

Fund Balance with Treasury $ $ 1,870,534 -

Cash and Cash Equivalents (Note 2) 34,439,182 29,084,706

Investment Securities and Other Foreign Currency Denominated Assets, at fair value (Note 4) 9,780,061 11,649,905

Special Drawing Right Holdings (Note 3) 50,053,600 50,331,727

Interest Receivable 58,538 67,393

Interest Receivable on Special Drawing Right Holdings 4,171 4,206

Total Assets $ 94,335,552 $ 93,008,471

Liabilities and Equity

Liabilities:

Special Drawing Rights Certificates Issued to Federal Reserve Banks (Note 6) $ 5,200,000 $ 5,200,000

Special Drawing Right Allocations (Note 3) 49,293,980 49,574,034

Interest Payable on Special Drawing Right Allocations 4,108 4,143

Other 726 345

Total Liabilities 54,498,814 54,778,522

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8)

Equity:

Appropriated Capital 200,000 200,000

Retained Earnings 39,261,611 38,677,580

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain/(Loss) (Notes 1 and 5) 375,127 (647,631)

Total Equity 39,836,738 38,229,949

Total Liabilities and Equity $ 94,335,552 $ 93,008,471

See accompanying notes to financial statements. 

8
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS, COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS AND RETAINED EARNINGS

(In Thousands)

For the year-ended September 30 2016 2015

Interest Income

Interest on Cash and Cash Equivalents, net $ 16,273 $ (2,702)

Interest on Investment Securities and Other Foreign Currency Denominated Assets 29,106 49,188

Interest on Special Drawing Right Holdings 25,425 24,823

Total Interest Income 70,804 71,309

Interest Expense

Interest on Special Drawing Right Allocations (25,040) (24,451)

Interest on Special Drawing Right -

 Remuneration due to the U.S. Treasury (1) 0

Total Interest Expense (25,041) (24,451)

Net Interest Income 45,763 46,858

Net Gains/(Losses) 

Gain/(Loss) on Foreign Currency Valuation of:

Special Drawing Rights Holdings (284,295) (2,826,670)

Special Drawing Rights Allocations 280,024 2,784,472

Investment Securities and Other Foreign Currency Denominated Assets, net (Notes 1 and 4) (Includes net 751,525 (1,880,868)

 loss of $0 and $561,788 in fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive

 income reclassifications for previously unrealized net gains/losses on available-for-sale securities)

Other-Than-Temporary Losses on Investment Securities (206,864) (1,007,807)

International Monetary Fund Annual Assessment (2,122) (1,025)

Total Net Gains/(Losses) 538,268 (2,931,898)

Net Gain/(Loss) 584,031 (2,885,040)

Other Comprehensive Gain

Unrealized Holding Gain, net (Notes 1 and 5) 1,022,758 533,377

Comprehensive Gain/(Loss) $ 1,606,789 $ (2,351,663)

Retained Earnings, Beginning of Year $ 38,677,580 $ 41,562,620

Net Gain/(Loss) 584,031 (2,885,040)

Retained Earnings, End of Year $ 39,261,611 $ 38,677,580

See accompanying notes to financial statements. 

9
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

For the year-ended September 30 2016 2015

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Interest Received/(Paid) on:

 Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 18,984 $ (611)

 Investment Securities and Other Foreign Currency Denominated Assets 137,619 143,094

 Other (11,375) (10,570)

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 145,228 131,913

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Purchases of Investment Securities and Foreign Currency Denominated Assets (1,563,196) (5,225,939)

Maturities of Investment Securities and Foreign Currency Denominated Assets 4,307,082 9,589,028

Reimbursement for Remuneration Received (7,556) (10,419)

Other 1,743 831

Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities 2,738,073 4,353,501

Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash 600,641 (617,539)

Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents 3,483,942 3,867,875

Cash and Cash Equivalents,

 Beginning of Year 30,955,240 27,087,365

Fund Balance with Treasury and Cash and Cash Equivalents,

 End of Year $ 34,439,182 $ 30,955,240

Reconciliation of Net Loss to Net Cash Provided by

 Operating Activities 

Net Gain/(Loss) $ 584,031 $ (2,885,040)

Adjustments to Reconcile Net Loss to Net Cash Provided by 

 Operating Activities:

 Net Exchange Rate (Gain)/Loss on Repos, FCDAs, and Investment Securities (751,525) 1,880,868

 Decrease in Special Drawing Right Holdings Due to Valuation 284,325 2,826,484

 Net Increase in Special Drawing Rights Holdings (385) (385)

 Decrease in Accrued Interest Receivable 8,890 2,963

 Net Amortization of Bond Premium 92,735 84,447

 Decrease in Special Drawing Right Allocations Due to Valuation (280,053) (2,784,288)

 Increase/(Decrease) in Accrued Interest Payable and Other 346 (943)

 Other-Than-Temporary Losses on Investment Securities 206,864 1,007,807

Total Adjustments (438,803) 3,016,953

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities $ 145,228 $ 131,913

See accompanying notes to financial statements. 

10
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTINGPOLICIES 

A. Entity 

The Exchange Stablization Fund (ESF) was originally established pursuant to section 10 of the Gold 

Reserve Act of 1934 for the purpose of stabilizing the exchange value of the dollar. Section 10 has been 

amended several times since 1934. This section currently authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, with the 

approval of the President, to deal in gold, foreign exchange, and instruments of credit and securities 

consistent with U.S. obligations in the International Monetary Fund on orderly exchange arrangements and a 

stable system of exchange rates. 31 U.S.C. 5302(b). 

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) acts as the fiscal agent for the ESF, as permitted by the 

Federal Reserve Act. As the fiscal agent, the FRBNY plays a significant role in the processing of foreign 

currency transactions that the Secretary of the Treasury authorizes. The manager of the ESF foreign 

currency portfolio at the FRBNY consults regularly with the Federal Open Market Committee and the U.S. 

Department of the Treasury (Treasury) about the disposition of investments and the status of the portfolio. 

The level and currency composition of the ESF foreign currency portfolio are the products of Treasury 

policy determinations. The ESF management is responsible for the record keeping and investment decisions 

for foreign currency transaction activity carried out by the FRBNY.

By law, the ESF is not available to pay administrative expenses. Instead, the Treasury’s Office of 

International Affairs has responsibility for managing ESF operations, and Treasury’s Office of the Deputy 

Chief Financial Officer provides the recordkeeping and financial reporting services for the ESF. These 

Treasury offices bear all administrative expenses of the ESF. Accordingly, there are no administrative 

expenses reported in the financial statements.

B. Basis of Accounting and Presentation

The ESF prepares its financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, 

based on accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the privatesector standards-setting body.

C. Risks and Uncertainties

The ESF faces certain risks and uncertainties as a result of holding foreign currency securities. The price of 

ESF’s holdings of such securities may fluctuate as a result of volatility in foreign currency markets and 

changes in real and perceived credit of ESF’s counterparties. 

Credit risk related to its holdings, is the potential, no matter how remote, for financial loss from a failure of a 

borrower or counterparty to perform in accordance with underlying contractual obligations.

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect 

the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of 

the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Significant estimates are used in the preparation of amounts related to the valuation of investments and 

contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

11
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

D. Fund Balance with Treasury

The ESF does not maintain cash in commercial bank accounts. The Treasury processes investments and 

redemptions. Fund Balance with Treasury at September 30, 2015 is composed of the suspended daily 

reinvestment of the dollar-balance of the Exchange Stabilization Fund in order to avoid exceeding the 

statutory debt limit, which was subsequently reinvested in fiscal year 2016. 

E. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known 

amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of change in value due to 

changes in interest rates. Cash and Cash Equivalents consist of the following:

U.S. Government Securities, and

Short-term Foreign Currency Denominated Assets (FCDAs) – including deposits and securities

denominated in both euro and yen.

F. Investments

Held-to-maturity securities are those securities in which the entity has the ability and intent to hold the 

security until maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for the 

amortization and accretion of premiums or discounts. As of September 30, 2016 there were no securities 

classified as held-to-maturity.

Trading securities are those which are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near 

term and therefore held for only a short period of time. ESF’s Other FCDAs and Investment Securities 

purchased after June 30, 2016 are classified as trading. Trading securities are recorded at fair value with all 

unrealized holding gains and losses reflected in earnings. Realized gains and losses from the sale of trading

securities are determined on a specific-identification basis. As of September 30, 2016 there were no 

securities classified as Trading.

Available-for-sale securities are those which are neither trading nor held-to-maturity. ESF’s Other FCDAs 

and Investment Securities purchased prior to July 1, 2016 are classified as available-for-sale. Available-forsale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities,

including amounts related to foreign currency valuation, are excluded from earnings and are reported as a 

separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income until realized or deemed to be other than 

temporary. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a 

specific-identification basis. 

Interest on investments, amortization of premiums, and accretion of discounts are reported in Interest 

Income and are recognized on an accrual basis. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the 

life of the related investment security as an adjustment to yield using a method which approximates the 

effective-interest method. 

12
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Foreign currency assets (FCA) include interest-bearing foreign deposit accounts and investments in foreign 

government securities.

FCAs also include FCDAs reported as Cash and Cash Equivalents, Other FCDAs, and Investment

Securities. These categorizations are based on maturity. FCDAs reported as Cash and Cash Equivalents 

have terms of 3 months or less. Other FCDAs have terms of less than or equal to a year but greater than 3 

months and Investment Securities have terms greater than a year. 

G. Foreign Currency Valuations

In accordance with Foreign Currency Matters (FASB ASC 830), FCAs as well as Special Drawing Rights

and related accrued interest receivable or payable, discussed below, are revalued to reflect exchange rates in 

effect as of the reporting date. Gains and losses related to foreign currency revaluations on Available-forsale securities are reported as a component of Other Comprehensive Income until realized. Other such gains 

or losses, recognized in the period of the fluctuations, are reported on the Statements of Operations, 

Comprehensive Operations and Retained Earnings as Gains (Losses) on Foreign Currency Valuation.

H. Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

A decline in the market value (either due to credit, price or currency) of any investment below cost that is 

deemed to be other-than-temporary is accounted for as an impairment and the carrying value is reduced to 

fair value for financial statement reporting purposes. The impairment is charged to earnings and the 

charge establishes a new cost basis for the investment. To determine whether impairment is other-thantemporary, the ESF considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold the investment until a market 

price recovery and considers whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment is recoverable 

outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the 

impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to year-end, 

forecasted performance of the investee, remaining maturity of the investment and the general market 

condition in the geographic area or industry in which the investee operates. ESF regularly evaluates 

whether unrealized losses on investment securities indicate other-than-temporary impairment that would 

require recognition in the financial statements. 

I. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (FASB ASC 820-10) establishes a fair value hierarchy that 

prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest 

priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 

measurements) and lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 

measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the

asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

13
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the

extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is

little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

All of the ESF’s investments and other foreign currency denominated assets are Level 1 measurements 

since these financial assets are traded in active markets where quotable values are readily available. 

J. Special Drawing Right Certificates Issued to Federal Reserve Banks 

Special Drawing Right Certificates issued to Federal Reserve Banks (FRB) are reflected on the 

Statements of Financial Position at their face value. Under the terms of the agreement, there is no set 

repayment date and no interest accrued while certificates remain outstanding. As a result, the carrying 

amount represents the face value. 

K. U.S. Government Securities

The ESF invests dollars in excess of its immediate needs in overnight, nonmarketable U.S. government 

securities issued by the Treasury. The interest rate earned on the investments is equal to the overnight 

repurchase agreement rate as established by the Treasury’s Bureau of the Fiscal Service. 

L. Other Comprehensive Gain/Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain/Loss represents changes in the fair value of investments 

classified as available-for-sale. Unrealized gains and losses, if any, are subsequently reclassified into 

income in the same period the underlying investment is either sold, deemed to be other than temporary or 

transferred to the Trading classification. 

M. Tax-Exempt Status

As a component of the Treasury, which is a federal agency, the ESF is not subject to federal, state, or 

local income taxes, and accordingly, no provision for income taxes is recorded. 

14
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 2 – CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalent amounts held as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 are as follows: 

September 30 (In Thousands) 2016 2015

Cash and cash equivalents:

U.S. government securities $ 22,680,240 $ 20,773,223

Short-term FCDAs:

European euro 7,051,950 5,733,812

Japanese yen 4,706,992 2,577,671

Total short-term FCDAs 11,758,942 8,311,483

Total cash and cash equivalents $ 34,439,182 $ 29,084,706

NOTE 3 – SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS 

The Special Drawing Right (SDR) is an international reserve asset created by the International Monetary 

Fund (IMF) in 1969 to supplement the existing reserve assets of IMF member countries, including the 

United States. In addition to its role as a supplementary reserve asset, the SDR serves as a means of 

payment within the IMF, as well as the unit of account for the IMF and several other international 

organizations. SDRs may be held only by the official sector – IMF member countries and certain 

institutions designated by the IMF as prescribed holders. On several occasions SDRs have been allocated 

by the IMF to members participating in the IMF’s SDR Department, including the United States. SDR 

transactions by the United States require the explicit authorization of the Secretary of the Treasury. 

The SDR’s value is based on a weighted average of a basket of key international reserve currencies issued 

by IMF members (or monetary unions that include IMF members) which have been determined by the 

IMF to be freely usable currencies. These currencies are currently the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese 

yen, and the pound sterling. Effective October 1, 2016, the Chinese renminbi will be included in the SDR 

basket as a fifth currency. The SDR carries a variable interest rate, calculated weekly as a weighted 

average of representative interest rates on short-term debt in the money markets of the SDR basket

currencies. The ESF’s SDR Allocations and Holdings (see below) are revalued monthly, based on the 

SDR valuation rate calculated by the IMF, and unrealized gains or losses on revaluation are recognized. 

SDR Holdings and SDR Allocations are reported as an asset and liability respectively in the financial 

statements of the ESF. 

SDR Allocations

SDRs, once allocated to the United States, are permanent resources unless:

a. They are canceled by an 85 percent majority decision of the total voting power of the Board of

Governors of the IMF; 

b. The SDR Department of the IMF is liquidated;

c. The IMF is liquidated; or

d. The United States chooses to withdraw from the IMF or terminate its participation in the SDR

Department.

15
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 3– SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS(Continued)

Due to the fact that the SDRs are able to be withdrawn, the ESF carries a liability related to such 

allocations.

Except for the payment of interest and charges on SDR allocations to the United States, the payment of 

the ESF’s liability related to the SDR allocations is conditional on events listed above, in which the 

United States has a controlling voice. Allocations of SDRs were made during 1970, 1971, 1972, 1979, 

1980, 1981, and 2009. As of September 30, 2016 and 2015, the value of SDR allocations to the United 

States was the equivalent of $49.3 billion and $49.6 billion, respectively.

SDR Holdings 

Pursuant to the Special Drawing Rights Act of 1968, as amended, SDRs allocated by the IMF to, or 

otherwise acquired by the United States, are also resources (holdings) of the ESF. SDR Holdings 

represent transactions resulting from these SDR activities, primarily the result of IMF allocations. Other 

transactions reported in this account are recorded as they are incurred and include any SDR acquisitions 

and sales, interest received on SDR Holdings, interest charges on SDR Allocations, and other SDR 

related activities, as well as valuation adjustments. 

Other SDR Activities

The U.S. Government receives remuneration in SDRs from the IMF on the U.S. claim on the IMF, 

represented by the U.S. Reserve Position. The ESF is the only agency within Treasury permitted to 

transact in SDRs. SDRs received become the resources of the ESF, as required by law, and the ESF pays 

the dollar equivalent to the U. S. Government’s Treasury General Account (TGA). The ESF's receipt of 

the SDRs and payment of the dollar equivalent to the TGA are not simultaneous. Typically, the payment 

is several weeks after the receipt of SDRs from the IMF. Therefore, the ESF must reimburse the TGA the 

interest it earned on the dollar equivalent of the SDRs held on behalf of the TGA during the period which 

elapsed between the receipt of the SDRs and the dollar payment to the TGA. 

The ESF paid to the TGA $965 and $157 in fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively, in interest due on 

the transferred dollars. The ESF did not transact to buy or sell SDRs to any participating members during 

fiscal year 2016 or 2015. 

The following schedule reflects the activity related to SDR Holdings during fiscal years 2016 and 2015 in 

SDR and dollar equivalent. 

16
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 3–SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS(Continued)

September 30 (SDRs In Thousands) 2016 2015

Beginning balance 35,855,448 35,848,478

Interest credits on holdings 18,244 18,124

Interest charges on allocations (17,968) (17,853)

Remuneration 5,408 7,302

IMF annual assessment (1,237) (603)

Total SDR - Holdings 35,859,895 35,855,448

September 30 (Dollar Equivalent In Thousands) 2016 2015

Beginning balance $ 50,331,727 $ 53,148,237

Interest credits on holdings 25,489 25,789

Interest charges on allocations (25,104) (25,403)

Remuneration 7,555 10,419

IMF annual assessment (1,742) (831)

Net loss on valuation of holdings (284,325) (2,826,484)

Total Dollar Equivalent – Holdings $ 50,053,600 $ 50,331,727

The table above reflects the actual dollar equivalent amount of SDRs received or transferred by the ESF.

Amounts within the financial statements computed on an accrual basis will thus differ due to changes in 

foreign exchange rates since actual SDR movements occur shortly after the balance sheet date.

17
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 4 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND OTHER FOREIGN CURRENCY DENOMINATED ASSETS

The amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, and fair value of available-for-sale debt 

securities by major security type and class of security at September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: 

Gross Gross

Unrealized Unrealized

September 30, 2016 Amortized Holdings Holdings

(In Thousands) Cost Gains (Losses)

Available for sale:

German Bonds $ 2,190,170 $ 30,570 $ (130,404) $ 2,090,336

French Bonds 2,601,835 39,656 (146,453) 2,495,038

French Notes 648,006 - - 648,006

Japanese Bonds 3,964,923 591,681 (9,923) 4,546,681

Total $ 9,404,934 $ 661,907 $ (286,780) $ 9,780,061

Gross Gross

Unrealized Unrealized

September 30, 2015 Amortized Holdings Holdings

(In Thousands) Cost Gains (Losses)

Available for sale:

French Time Deposits $ - 641,852 $ - $ $ 641,852

German Bonds 2,554,686 2,970 (206,308) 2,351,348

French Bonds 2,540,311 6,260 (225,679) 2,320,892

French Notes 1,202,210 - (85,390) 1,116,820

Japanese Bonds 5,358,477 18,653 (158,137) 5,218,993

Total $ 12,297,536 $ 27,883 $ (675,514) $ 11,649,905

 Fair Value

 Fair Value

Other FCDAs represents Bank of France Time Deposits with terms greater than three months, but less 

than one year. 

18
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 4– INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND OTHER FOREIGN CURRENCY DENOMINATED ASSETS 

(Continued)

Gross unrealized losses in which other-than-temporary impairments have not been recognized and the fair 

value of those securities as of September 30, 2016: 

September 30, 2016 Unrealized Losses

(In Thousands) Greater Than 1 Year

Available-for-sale:

 German Bonds $ (130,404) $ 1,070,232

 French Bonds (146,453) 1,053,599 

 Japanese Bonds (9,923) 378,314 

Total $ (286,780) $ 2,502,145

Fair Value

There were no gross unrealized losses less than one year in which other-than-temporary impairments have not 

been recognized as of September 30, 2016.

Maturities of debt securities classified as available for sale were as follows at September 30, 2016: 

September 30, 2016 (In Thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value

 Available-for-sale:

 Due within one year $ 3,724,326 $ 4,073,502

 Due after one year but before five years 4,855,940 4,842,242

 Due after five years but before ten years 824,668 864,317

 Total $ 9,404,934 $ 9,780,061

Impairment Assessment

As of each balance sheet date, the ESF evaluates securities holdings in an unrealized loss position. For debt 

securities, the ESF considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold the investment until a market 

price recovery and considers whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment is recoverable 

outweighs evidence to the contrary. Based on the circumstances present at the date of evaluation, if we do not 

expect a full recovery of value or do not intend to hold such securities until they have fully recovered their 

carrying value, we recognize an impairment charge. 

During the year ended September 30, 2016, the euro has remained depreciated in value. The euro decline 

against the dollar since September 30, 2013 approximated 17% at both September 30, 2016 and 2015. Given 

the level of decline and current outlook, ESF does not expect to recover the dollar equivalent invested for 

certain euro-denominated securities in the near term and/or before their maturity. Accordingly, ESF has

recognized other-than-temporary impairment on German Bonds, French Bonds and French Notes with a 

maturity date before the end of fiscal year 2017.

19
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 4– INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND OTHER FOREIGN CURRENCY DENOMINATED ASSETS 

(Continued

Fair Value 

The fair value of securities available-for-sale are measured using the hierarchy or lowest level input that is 

significant to the fair value measurement of the investment in its entirety. The following table presents assets 

that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2016 and 2015. 

Quoted Prices

In Active Significant

Markets Other Significant

For Identical Observable Unobservable

Assets Inputs Inputs

(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)

Available-for-sale:

German Bonds $ 2,090,336 $ 2,090,336 - -

French Bonds 2,495,038 2,495,038 - -

French Notes 648,006 648,006 - -

Japanese Bonds 4,546,681 4,546,681 - -

Total $ 9,780,061 $ - 9,780,061 -

September 30, 2016 

(In Thousands)

Fair Value At 

9/30/2016

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

Quoted Prices

In Active Significant

Markets Other Significant

For Identical Observable Unobservable

Assets Inputs Inputs

(Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)

Available-for-sale:

French Time Deposits 641,852 $ $ 641,852 - -

German Bonds 2,351,348 2,351,348 - -

French Bonds 2,320,892 2,320,892 - -

French Notes 1,116,820 1,116,820 - -

Japanese Bonds 5,218,993 5,218,993 - -

Total $ 11,649,905 $ - 11,649,905 -

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

September 30, 2015 

(In Thousands)

Fair Value At 

9/30/2015

20
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 5 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The accumulated balances for other comprehensive loss are as follows:

September 30, 2016 (In Thousands)

Balance at September 30, 2015 $ (647,631)

Unrealized holding gains/(losses), net 

 arising during the period $ 815,894

Less: reclassification of gains/losses recognized

 in net income -

Less: reclassification of losses related to

 impaired instruments recognized in net income 206,864 

 Other comprehensive gain, net 1,022,758

Balance at September 30, 2016 $ 375,127

Balance at September 30, 2014 $ (1,181,008)

Unrealized holding losses 

 arising during the period $ (1,036,218)

Less: reclassification of losses recognized

 in net income 561,788 

Less: reclassification of losses related to

 impaired instruments recognized in net income 1,007,807 

 Other comprehensive gain, net 533,377

Balance at September 30, 2015 $ (647,631)

Accumulated Other

Comprehensive Gain

September 30, 2015 (In Thousands)

Accumulated Other

Comprehensive Loss

NOTE 6 – SDR CERTIFICATES ISSUED TO FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS

The Special Drawing Right Act of 1968 authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to issue Special Drawing 

Right Certificates (SDRCs), not to exceed the value of SDR holdings, to the Federal Reserve System in return 

for interest-free dollar amounts equal to the face value of certificates issued (SDR monetization). The 

certificates may be issued for the purpose of financing the acquisition of SDRs from other countries or to 

provide resources for financing other operations of the ESF. Certificates issued have no set maturity and are to 

be redeemed by the ESF at such times and in such amounts as the Secretary of the Treasury may determine 

(SDR demonetization). As of September 30, 2016 and 2015, the amount of certificates issued to Federal 

Reserve Banks was $5.2 billion. 

21
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 7 - FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial Instruments (FASB ASC 825-10) requires all entities to disclose the fair value of financial 

instruments, where feasible, in an effort to provide financial statement users with information in making 

rational investment and credit decisions. 

To estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument, the ESF applied the following methods 

using the indicated assumptions: 

Fund Balance with Treasury

The carrying amount, at face value, approximates fair value because of the short holding period of these 

funds. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and Cash Equivalents consist of U.S. government securities and FCDAs, and are reported in the 

Statements of Financial Position at amounts that approximate their fair values. 

SDR Certificates Issued to Federal Reserve Banks

The fair value of these certificates is based on the face value of the certificate as they are not subject to 

market or interest rate risk nor are they subject to fluctuations in exchange rates.

Special Drawing Right Holdings and SDR Allocations 

The fair values are based on quoted prices published weekly by the IMF. 

Investment Securities and Other FCDAs

The fair value of Investment Securities and Other FCDAs are based upon quoted market and current 

exchange rates. 

22
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 7 - FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

The estimated fair values of the ESF’s financial instruments at September 30 are as follows:

September 30 (In Thousands) Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value

Assets:

Fund Balance with Treasury $ - - $ $ 1,870,534 $ 1,870,534

Cash and Cash

Equivalents 34,439,182 34,439,182 29,084,706 29,084,706

Investment Securities and

 Other Foreign Currency

 Denominated Assets 9,780,061 9,780,061 11,649,905 11,649,905

 SDR Holdings 50,053,600 50,053,600 50,331,727 50,331,727

Liabilities:

 Certificates Issued to

 Federal Reserve Banks 5,200,000 5,200,000 5,200,000 5,200,000

 SDR Allocations 49,293,980 49,293,980 49,574,034 49,574,034

2016 2015

NOTE 8 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Foreign Currency Denominated Agreements

Foreign currency denominated agreements that exist between the Treasury and foreign entities or 

governments provide for drawings of dollars by those entities or governments and drawings of foreign 

currencies by the Treasury. The Treasury enters into these agreements through the ESF. Under these 

agreements, the ESF receives repayment of an agreed-upon amount in dollars regardless of currency 

fluctuations. With the exception of the Mexico agreement noted below, there were no foreign currency 

denominated exchange stabilization agreements as of September 30, 2016 and 2015. 

Exchange Stabilization Agreements

The ESF has an Exchange Stabilization Agreement (ESA) with Mexico. In April 1994, the Treasury 

signed the North American Framework Agreement, which includes the ESA with Mexico. The ESA 

provides for a $3 billion standing swap line between the Bank of Mexico and the ESF. 

The amounts and terms (including the assured source of repayment) of any new borrowings under the 

North American Framework Agreement are subject to certain requirements of the agreement that specify 

the transactions are exchange rate neutral for the ESF and would bear interest referenced to U.S. Treasury 

bills. Drawings are contingent on certain other conditions being met. 

There were no drawings outstanding on the ESF swap line as of September 30, 2016 and 2015. On 

October 30, 2015, the Treasury renewed its participation in the agreement until December 12, 2016. 

23
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

EXCHANGE STABILIZATION FUND

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016 and 2015 

NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Effective October 1, 2016, the Chinese renminbi (RMB) was included in the SDR basket as a fifth 

currency, along with the U.S. dollar, euro, Japanese yen and pound sterling. 

On October 20, 2016, the Treasury renewed its participation in the ESA until December 12, 2017.

24
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