IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 19-2005

Filed March 4, 2020

IN THE INTEREST OF M.D.,

Minor Child,

W.D., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Cynthia S. Finley, 

District Associate Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child. 

AFFIRMED.

Annette F. Martin, Cedar Rapids, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee State.

Kathryn E. Davis, Cedar Rapids, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor 

child.

Considered by Tabor, P.J., Mullins, J., and Carr, S.J.*

*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 

(2020).
2

CARR, Senior Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child. She 

challenges the evidence supporting the grounds for termination and the finding 

that termination is in the child’s best interests. She also claims termination would 

be detrimental to the child due to the strength of their bond and asks for additional 

time to have the child returned to her care. We review her claims de novo. See 

In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 472 (Iowa 2018).

The juvenile court terminated the mother’s parental rights under Iowa Code 

section 232.116(1)(h) (2019). On appeal, the mother challenges the proof that the 

child could not be returned to her care at the time of the termination hearing. See 

Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(4) (requiring “clear and convincing evidence that the 

child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 

232.102 at the present time”); In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010) 

(interpreting the term “at the present time” to mean to mean “at the time of the 

termination hearing”). The court cannot return a child to the custody of a parent if 

doing so would be expose the child to any threat of probable harm that would lead 

to a new child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA) adjudication. See In re M.M., 483 

N.W.2d 812, 814 (Iowa 1992). “[A] parent’s methamphetamine addiction by itself 

can result in ‘harmful effects’ to the child,” which justifies a CINA adjudication under 

Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2). In re J.S., 846 N.W.2d 36, 37 (Iowa 2014).

Clear and convincing evidence shows the child would be exposed to a 

threat of probable harm if returned to the mother’s custody based on the mother’s 

continued use of methamphetamine. The mother is diagnosed as having a severe 

amphetamine use disorder, and she admitted using methamphetamine two days 
3

before giving birth. As a result, the child was born with amphetamine and 

methamphetamine in his system. Although the mother was offered treatment to 

address her substance use, she missed more than half of the drug tests she was 

asked to take and continued to test positive for amphetamine and 

methamphetamine almost eight months after the child was born. 

Termination is also in the child’s best interests. See D.W., 791 N.W.2d at

706-07 (“If a ground for termination is established, the court must, secondly, apply 

the best-interest framework set out in section 232.116(2) to decide if the grounds 

for termination should result in a termination of parental rights.”). In determining 

the child’s best interests, our primary considerations are “the child’s safety,” “the 

best placement for furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of the child,” and 

“the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs of the child.” In re P.L., 

778 N.W.2d 33, 37 (Iowa 2010) (quoting Iowa Code § 232.116(2)). The “defining 

elements in a child’s best interests” are the child’s safety and “need for a 

permanent home.” In re H.S., 805 N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 2011) (citation omitted). 

The mother was unable to demonstrate sobriety during the CINA proceedings, 

which is necessary for the child’s safety. None of the service providers 

recommended returning the child to the mother’s care. In contrast, the child is safe 

in a placement with a relative with whom he has bonded. 

The mother seeks to avoid termination under section 232.116(3), which 

states that the court “need not” terminate parental rights under certain 

circumstances. This provision is permissive, not mandatory. See A.S., 906 

N.W.2d at 475. If we find one of the circumstances listed exists, we must still 

consider the child’s best interests in determining whether to terminate parental 
4

rights. See id. And the parent resisting termination bears the burden of proving 

one of the circumstances exists. See id. at 476. 

The mother claims that terminating her parental rights “would be detrimental 

to the child . . . due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship.” Iowa Code 

§ 232.116(3)(c). But the child has never lived with the mother, and his contact with 

her is limited to supervised visits. Because nothing in the record supports a finding 

that terminating the mother’s parental rights would be detrimental to the child, the 

mother failed to meet her burden of proof under section 232.116(3)(c). 

Finally, the mother asks for a sixth-month extension of time. See id.

§ 232.104(2)(b) (allowing the court to continue placement of a child for another six

months). Such an extension is possible only when the court can “enumerate the 

specific factors, conditions, or expected behavioral changes which comprise the 

basis for the determination that the need for removal of the child from the child’s 

home will no longer exist at the end of the additional six-month period.” Id. But 

there is no indication that the need for removal would be eliminated if the mother 

were afforded additional time. And we cannot deny the child permanency in the 

hope that the mother will one day be able to provide a safe and stable home for 

the child. See In re A.M., 843, N.W.2d 100, 112 (Iowa 2014). The patience the 

law requires us to afford a parent is built into chapter 232. See In re C.B., 611 

N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 2000). No benefit will be gained by extending it. 

For the above reasons, we affirm the order terminating the mother’s 

parental rights.

AFFIRMED.