Exhibit A

Company SOP and Training Protocols
INVICTUS TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS, llc

Unmanned Vehicle Division

Corporate UAS Compliance Operations Manual

Preface

Invictus Technical Solutions, llc Corporate UAS Compliance Office has authorized the following guidance 

documents for all UAS operations teams. Under no circumstance is any staff member authorized to 

modify or amend such documents. Modification of this booklet only authorized pursuant to FAA 

approved Exemption 333 / COA in addition to approval from Invictus - UAS Division Director of 

Unmanned Systems.
NAS UAS OPERATION GUIDELINES

1. Operations authorized by approved grants of exemption by the FAA are limited to the Yuneec Q500 

Quad Multi-copter and H920 Hexacopter, Infotron IT180 Coaxial and the ATOD Q4 DJI Wookong 

Controller based Inspection Multi-copter when weighing less than 55 pounds including payload. 

Operations of any other aircraft will require a new petition to the FAA or a petition to amend our 333 

exemption. 

2. Operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and television filming, Real Estate or 

Unmanned System use in areas inside of the greater city limits of any area of business coverage shall not 

be allowed unless specifically outlined and approved by the FAA and Corporate.

3. The UA may not be operated at a speed exceeding 87 knots (100 miles per hour). The exemption 

holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine compliance with the 87 knot 

speed restriction. In no case will the UA be operated at airspeeds greater than the maximum UA 

operating airspeed recommended by the aircraft manufacturer. 

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level (AGL). Altitude 

must be reported in feet AGL. 

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. This requires the PIC 

to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than corrective lenses, as specified on the 

PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate or U.S. driver’s license. 

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The UA must be operated within the visual line of 

sight (VLOS) of the PIC and VO at all times. The VO may be used to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long 

as the PIC always maintains VLOS capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all 

times via voice or radio; electronic messaging or texting is not permitted during flight operations. The 

PIC must be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the duration of 

the flight mission. The PIC must ensure that the VO can perform the duties required of the VO. 

7. Exemptions and all documents needed to operate the UAS and conduct its operations in accordance 

with the conditions and limitations stated in this grant of exemption, are hereinafter referred to as the 

operating documents. The operating documents must be accessible during UAS operations and made 

available to the Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and 

limitations in any FAA 333 exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating documents, the 

conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. Otherwise, the operator must 

follow the procedures as outlined in its operating documents. The operator may update or revise its 

operating documents. It is the operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and 

revised documents to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. The operator 

must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for extension or amendment to any 

grant of exemption. If the operator determines that any update or revision would affect the basis upon 

which the FAA granted this exemption, then the operator must petition for an amendment to its grant 

of exemption. The FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding 

updates or revisions to the operating documents. 
8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation or flight 

characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo a functional test flight 

prior to conducting further operations under this exemption. Functional test flights may only be 

conducted by a PIC with a VO and must remain at least 200 feet from other people. The functional test 

flight must be conducted in such a manner so as to not pose an undue hazard to persons and property 

and the results must be documented within the company database of Maintenance. 

9. The operator is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the UAS to ensure that it is in a condition 

for safe operation. 

10. Prior to each flight, the PIC must conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine the UAS is in a 

condition for safe flight. The pre-flight inspection must account for all potential discrepancies, e.g. 

inoperable components, items, or equipment. If the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe 

operation of the UAS, the aircraft is prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has 

been performed and the UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight. The maintenance shall only be 

conducted by a company certified technician holding valid company credentials or approvals. 

11. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s maintenance, overhaul, replacement, inspection, 

and life limit requirements for the aircraft and aircraft components and shall maintain an accurate

database of hours on systems as well as time in air. 

12. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer safety bulletins. 

13. Under exemption, a PIC must hold either an airline transport, commercial, private, recreational, or 

sport pilot certificate. The PIC must also hold a current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. 

driver’s license issued by a state, the District of Colombia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a possession, or the 

Federal government. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 14 CFR § 61.56 

in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate. 

14. Invictus will not permit any PIC to operate unless the PIC demonstrates the ability to safely operate 

the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated under this exemption, including 

evasive and emergency maneuvers and maintaining appropriate distances from persons, vessels, 

vehicles and structures. PIC qualification flight hours and currency must be logged in a manner 

consistent with 14 CFR § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of training the operator’s PICs and VOs 

(training, proficiency, and experience-building) and determining the PIC’s ability to safely operate the 

UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated under this exemption are permitted 

under the terms of this exemption. However, training operations may only be conducted during 

dedicated training sessions. During training, proficiency, and experience-building flights, all persons not 

essential for flight operations are considered nonparticipants, and the PIC must operate the UA with 

appropriate distance from nonparticipants in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119. 

15. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1. All operations must 

be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights under special visual flight rules 

(SVFR) are not authorized. 

16. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point (ARP) as denoted in the 

current FAA Airport/Facility Directory (AFD) or for airports not denoted with an ARP, the center of the 

airport symbol as denoted on the current FAA published aeronautical chart, unless a letter of agreement 
with that airport’s management is obtained or otherwise permitted by a COA issued to the exemption 

holder. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made available to the 

Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. 

17. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet horizontally from a 

cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC. 

18. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a predetermined 

location within the private or controlled-access property. Regardless of whether the UA can fly with GPS 

signal loss, the PIC shall abort the mission as failsafe safety redundancies commonly depend on the GPS 

signal. 

19. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies. 

20. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and forecast weather 

conditions) there is enough available power for the UA to conduct the intended operation and to 

operate after that for at least five minutes or with the reserve power recommended by the 

manufacturer if greater. 

21. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). All operations shall be 

conducted in accordance with an ATO-issued COA. The exemption holder may apply for a new or 

amended COA if it intends to conduct operations that cannot be conducted under the terms of the 

attached COA. 

22. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by a serial number, 

registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (N Number) markings if required at 

the time of operations in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be as large as 

practicable. 

23. Documents used by Invictus to ensure the safe operation and flight of the UAS and any documents 

required under 14 CFR §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the PIC at the Ground Control Station of 

the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. These documents must be made available to the 

Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. 

24. The UA must remain clear and give way to all manned aviation operations and activities at all times. 

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle. 

26. All Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating persons, vessels, 

vehicles, and structures unless: 

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons from the 

UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure that nonparticipating persons 

remain under such protection. If a situation arises where nonparticipating persons leave such protection 

and are within 500 feet of the UA, flight operations must cease immediately in a manner ensuring the 

safety of nonparticipating persons; and 

b. The owner/controller of any vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission for 

operating closer to those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of the risk of operating 

closer to those objects and determined that it does not present an undue hazard. The PIC, VO, operator 
trainees or essential persons such as perimeter flaggers or security are not considered nonparticipating 

persons under Invictus policy. 

27. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with permission from 

the property owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission from property owner/controller 

or authorized representative will be obtained for each flight to be conducted. 

28. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical boundaries of the 

operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported to the FAA's UAS Integration Office 

(AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be reported to the National Transportation Safety Board 

(NTSB) per instructions contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov. If this exemption permits 

closed-set motion picture and television filming and production, the following additional conditions and 

limitations apply. 

29. The operator must have a motion picture and television operations manual (MPTOM) as 

documented in this grant of exemption. 

30. At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the UAS affected by this exemption must submit 

a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the 

area of proposed filming. The 3-day notification may be waived with the concurrence of the FSDO. The 

plan of activities must include at least the following: 

a. Dates and times for all flights; 

b. Name and phone number of the operator for the UAS aerial filming conducted under this 

grant of exemption; 

c. Name and phone number of the person responsible for the on-scene operation of the UAS; 

d. Make, model, and serial or N-Number of UAS to be used; 

e. Name and certificate number of UAS PICs involved in the aerial filming; 

f. A statement that the operator has obtained permission from property owners and/or local 

officials to conduct the filming production event; the list of those who gave permission must be 

made available to the inspector upon request; 

g. Signature of exemption holder or representative; and h. A description of the flight activity, 

including maps or diagrams of any area, city, town, county, and/or state over which filming will 

be conducted and the altitudes essential to accomplish the operation. 

31. Flight operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet from participating persons consenting to be 

involved and necessary for the filming production, as specified in the exemption holder’s MPTOM. 12 

Unless otherwise specified in this grant of exemption, the UAS, the UAS PIC, and the UAS operations 

must comply with all applicable parts of 14 CFR including, but not limited to, parts 45, 47, 61, and 91. 
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT 

SYSTEM

AIRCREW TRAINING MANUAL

____________________________

December 2015

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for Company wide release 

______________________________________________________________________

INVICTUS TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

UNMANNED SYSTEM DIVISION

This publication available online via company share drive under Unit SOP Tab
SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

AIRCREW TRAINING MANUAL

Contents

PREFACE iii 

Chapter 1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 1-1 

1-1. Applicability................................................................................................. 1-1 

1-2. Responsibilities........................................................................................... 1-1 

Chapter 2 

Training................................................................................................................ 2-1 

2-1. Aircrew Training Program........................................................................... 2-1 

2-2. Mission Status Levels.................................................................................. 2-1 

2-3. Aircrew Training Program Training Year.................................................... 2-2 

2-4. Unit Director’s Evaluation............................................................................ 2-2 

2-5. Failure to Meet ATP Requirements............................................................. 2-3 

2-6. Removal From MQ Status............................................................................ 2-3 

2-7. SUAS Currency............................................................................................. 2-3 

Chapter 3 

Evaluations........................................................................................................... 3-1 

3-1. Evaluation Principles.................................................................................... 3-1 

3-2. Waivers to Requirements............................................................................. 3-1 

3-3. Semi-Annual Proficiency and Readiness Test........................................... 3-1 3-

4. No Notice....................................................................................................... 3-2 

3-5. Proficiency Flight Evaluation....................................................................... 3-2 

3-6. Grading Considerations............................................................................... 3-2 

3-7. Directors Certification.......................................................................... 3-2 

3-8. Local Area Orientation.................................................................................. 3-4 

Chapter 4 

Unit Training......................................................................................................... 4-1 

4-1. Training Program Requirements................................................................. 4-1 

4-2. Training Prerequisites.................................................................................. 4-1 

4-3. Training Requirements................................................................................. 4-1 

4-4. Task Contents............................................................................................... 4-1 

Contents

______________________________________________________________________

4-5. Task Considerations.................................................................................... 4-2 

Chapter 5 

Individual Operator Training Record................................................................. 5-1 
5-1. Individual Operator Training Record.......................................................... 5-1 5-

2. Form Training Documentation.................................................................... 5-1 

5-3. Form UAS Task Assignment....................................................................... 5-3 

Chapter 6 

Risk Management.............................................................................................. 6-1 

6-1. Concept........................................................................................................ 6-1 

6-2. Responsibilities.......................................................................................... 6-1 

6-3. Risk Management Process.......................................................................... 6-2 

Appendix A 

DJI core Small Unmanned Aircraft System Tasks............................................ A-1 

Appendix B 

3DR Core Small Unmanned Aircraft System Tasks.......................................... B-1 

Appendix C 

Other Small Unmanned Aircraft System Tasks................................................. C-1 
Preface 

This manual applies to all UAS operators and crews within the scope of employment 

with Invictus Technical Solutions, llc Unmanned Vehicle Division as well as any 

collaborative efforts unless otherwise stated. 

Send comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to 

Publications and Blank Forms) through the Unmanned Divisional Director, Aviation unit, 

Invictus Technical Solutions, llc

Unmanned Systems Division

1951 NW Mulholland Dr. STE 5

Roseburg, Oregon 97470

Recommended changes may also be e-mailed to: dave.skala@invictusus.com
Chapter 1 

Introduction

The aircrew training program (ATP) focuses on individual, crew, and collective 

training. The design and management of an effective training program requires the 

commander to analyze each of these elements. The Mission Essential Task List 

(METL) identifies collective training and defines the unit as a member of the 

combined teams. To ensure the mission proficiency and absolute efficiency of 

Small Unmanned Aircraft System (SUAS) operators in the combined divisions

effort, individual proficiency in tasks required to operate a SUAS is essential. 

TC 1-611 links individual and unit collective tasks. 

1-1. APPLICABILITY. This manual is applicable to crewmembers of all unmanned aircraft 

systems (UAS) that are not covered by another aircrew training manual (ATM).

1-2. RESPONSIBILITIES 

a. Director. According to FM 7-1, the Director is the primary training manager and 

trainer for the unit and is responsible for the ATP. The commander bases training on the 

unit’s mission, maintains standards, and evaluates proficiency. The Director also provides 

the required resources and develops and executes training plans that result in proficient 

individuals, leaders, and units. The Director has subordinate leaders (Contractors and 

Assignees), that help him or her plan and prepare SUAS training. 

b. Master trainer. The SUAS master trainer is the Directors technical advisor. The 

master trainer (MT) helps the Director develop, implement, and manage the ATP. The 

MT will conduct qualification, refresher, mission, and continuation training only for 

personnel that have completed an institutional SUAS course. In that a Invictus approved 

master trainer course does’t currently exist, Divisions with organic SUAS assets have the 

authority to appoint master trainers. 

c. Operators. These individuals perform duties that are essential to the operation 

of the SUAS. 
Chapter 2 

Terms and Policies

The ATM has added many terms to the SUAS vocabulary. Familiarity with these 

terms is necessary to understand and use this publication. Therefore, this chapter, 

rather than the glossary, contains the definition of terms, and policy information, 

where appropriate, to explain the terms. 

2-1. AIRCREW TRAINING PROGRAM (ATP) 

a. Applicability. The ATP applies to SUAS master trainers (MT) and operators in 

designated operational positions. 

b. Integration of operators into the aircrew training program. Upon signing 

into the unit, operators designated for duty as SUAS operators are members of the unit's 

ATP. Operators must present their training folder, if applicable, to the commander or the 

commander's designated representative upon signing into the unit. Determination of 

mission status is by a record check or by the commander's evaluation. 

c. Implementation of the aircrew training program. This publication is the 

commander's guide for implementing the ATP. 

2-2. MISSION STATUS LEVELS 

a. Individual progression.

(1) Mission status levels are the training status classifications of the 

individual operator. They identify the training phase in which the operator is 

participating and measure readiness to perform assigned missions. The mission 

status levels provide a logical progression of SUAS training based on task 

proficiency.

(2) Operators will progress in mission status by completing tasks in all areas 

of the SUAS system. Once the operator begins training, he or she will have 90 

consecutive days to advance to mission qualified status. Once mission qualified 

(MQ) the operator will have to perform the minimum requirements to maintain this 

status. Mission status progression will exclude days lost because of

(a) Temporary duty. 

(b) Medical or nonmedical suspension from operations. 

(c) Leave approved by the unit commander. 

(d) Grounding of SUAS. 

(e) Unavailable or in-transit SUASs because of unit 

deployment/redeployment. 

(3) If the exclusion period exceeds 45 consecutive days, the operator must 

restart the current progression. The operator will have 90 consecutive days to 

progress to the mission qualified status level. 

(4) An operator may progress to the mission qualified status in less time 

than prescribed in paragraph 2-5a (2) by demonstrating proficiency to a master 

trainer. 
(5) When an operator has not progressed within the required period, the 

unit commander will investigate, and based on his or her findings take action 

according to appropriate directives. 

b. Mission preparation (MP). An operator who has been initially designated MP, 

based on the Director's evaluation, will begin training on mission tasks as designated by 

the unit Director. Mission preparation programs help operators to verify and develop their 

ability to perform specific tasks (selected by the Director) that support the unit's mission. 

Because the goal is proficiency in mission-related tasks, commanders should tailor their 

task list to meet specific unit needs. An operator progresses from MP to MQ by 

demonstrating proficiency in all selected mission tasks to a master trainer. An operator 

has 90 consecutive days to progress to MQ. Semi-Annual Proficiency and Readiness 

Test (S-APART) requirements do not need to be completed while an operator is 

designated MP. The only requirements are those designated by the commander with 

assistance from the master trainer.

c. Mission qualified (MQ). An operator who has completed MP training is 

considered mission ready and designated as MQ. The operator must perform those tasks 

designated by the unit Director for the operator's table of organization and equipment 

(TOE) or table of distribution and allowance (TDA) position. Once designated MQ, the 

operator must complete the S-APART requirements.

2-3. AIRCREW TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING YEAR

The ATP training year is divided into semi-annual training periods. The first training 

period begins the first day following the end of the UAS crew member’s date of hire or 

placement into the UAS Division and continues for six months. The second training period 

begins the first day of the seventh month after the UAS crew member’s hire or placement 

date and continues through the end of the UAS crew member’s birth month. (For example, 

the first training period for an operator hired or placed 15 April begins 1 May and ends 31 

October. The second training period begins 1 November and ends 30 April.) 

2-4. COMMANDER’S EVALUATION 

The purpose of the commander's evaluation is to determine the initial mission 

status of newly assigned operators. This evaluation consists of a records review and 

possibly a proficiency flight evaluation. The commander or a designated representative 

will complete the evaluation within 45 calendar days after the operator is designated for 

duty as a SUAS operator. 

a. Records review. Unit commanders or their designated representative will 

review the operator's training folder. They will compare the individual's qualifications with 

the tasks required by the assigned duty position. If the appropriate mission status can be 

determined from the review, the commander will document the mission status on the 

individual's Crew Member Training Record. 

b. Proficiency flight evaluation (PFE). If the initial mission status cannot be 

determined by the records review or if the commander desires, the operator will undergo 

a proficiency flight evaluation. The PFE should include tasks from each flight mode in 

which the operator can expect to perform duties. The results of the PFE will determine 
the operator's mission status. The commander will document the mission status on the 

individual's Crew Member Training Record 

c. Considerations.

(1) Managers may not assign an initial mission qualified status to graduates 

of SUAS qualification courses who are on their first utilization tour solely on the 

basis of a records review. 

(2) If, at the time of initial mission status designation, one year has passed 

since the operator has completed any element of an S-APART (standardization 

evaluation, or SUAS operator's manual examination), the operator must complete 

that element before designation as, or progression to MQ. Graduates of an SUAS 

course who are on their first utilization tour are exempt from this requirement. 

d. Required training. After determining the initial mission status, the Director will 

direct qualification, refresher, mission, or continuation training for the operator as 

applicable. Time allotted for completion of the required training will start accruing 

on the date of the mission status designation. If recommended by the evaluator, 

operators may credit the flight tasks satisfactorily completed on the PFE toward 

completion of their mission status training requirements. 

2-5. FAILURE TO MEET ATP REQUIREMENTS 

When ATP requirements are not met the commander will investigate. After 

investigation, the commander will—

a. Take one of the following actions: 

(1) Authorize the operator up to a 30-day extension to complete the 

requirements. Note: The 30-day extension will start after the Director completes 

the investigation. 

(2) Request a waiver of requirements per paragraph 3-2. 

b. Enter restrictions imposed and extensions granted in the individual’s training 

folder. 

c. Enter extensions and waivers granted the operator into training folder. 

d. Restrict operators from performing duties with the SUAS until ATP 

requirements are met. 

2-6. REMOVAL FROM MQ STATUS 

a. Training deficiency. An operator removed from MQ for a training deficiency must 

still meet all MQ ATP requirements. ATP requirements met while MP will be applied to 

MQ requirements.

b. Other than a training deficiency. An operator has until the end of the training 

period to complete ATP requirements. If an operator is removed from MQ for other than 

a training deficiency before the end of the training period (for example, a permanent 

change of station departure), his or her ATP requirements no longer apply. 

c. Re-designated MP. An SUAS operator who is MQ and fails a hands-on 

performance test will be re-designated MP and authorized additional training. 

2-7. SUAS CURRENCY 

a. To be considered current an SUAS operator must: 
(1) Perform every 30 consecutive days in launch and flight operations of the 

SUAS, or a compatible simulator(s). 

(2) Perform every 150 consecutive days in launch and recovery and 15-

minute flight operations of the SUAS. 

b. Tracking actual flight time is impractical and is not required. 

Individual flight records folders are not required; however, documentation 

of flight operations (sorties) for the purpose of tracking currency is required. 

Commanders will establish procedures for maintenance of personal flight 

logs. A qualified sortie is a launch and recovery and 15-minute flight 

operations of the SUAS. 
Chapter 3 

Evaluations

The conduct of flight evaluations is a principal means of assessing flight 

standardization and operator proficiency and is a key part of the Army 

standardization process. 

3-1. EVALUATION PRINCIPLES. The value of any evaluation depends on strict 

adherence to fundamental principles; anything less than strict adherence makes the 

evaluation meaningless. These principles are described below. 

a. Selection of evaluators. The selection of master trainers must not be based 

only on technical qualifications. Criteria for selecting evaluators should include 

demonstrated performance, objectivity, powers of observation, and ability to provide 

constructive comments. 

b. Method of evaluation. The method of evaluation must be based on uniform 

and standard objectives. In addition, the evaluation method must be consistent with the 

unit's mission and adhere to the appropriate standing operating procedures (SOP) and 

regulations. 

c. Participant understanding. Complete understanding of the purpose of the 

evaluation, by all concerned, is essential. Moreover, the evaluation must be conducted 

in a manner that is purpose oriented. 

d. Participant cooperation. Cooperation by all participants is necessary to fulfill 

the evaluation objectives. The emphasis is on all of the participants, not just the 

examinee. 

e. Identification of training needs. The evaluation must produce specific 

findings to identify training needs. General comments do not always provide the 

direction and guidance essential for improvement. The evaluation must pinpoint both 

strengths and weaknesses. 

Note: All evaluations of a master trainer will be conducted by a master trainer. 

3-2. WAIVERS TO REQUIREMENTS 

a. Unit waivers. Unit waivers to primary SUAS ATP requirements may be 

granted only by commanders of Divisions or higher. 

b. Waiver authorization. The Director may grant unit waivers and/or extensions, 

to ATP requirements for units under their command affected by operational 

deployments. The Director may grant unit extensions for up to 180 days from their selfestablished “start training date” after redeployment. 

c. Individual waivers. Individual waivers to primary SUAS ATP requirements 

may be granted by the Director, Company Owner(s), or by the Master Trainer in the 

individual’s chain of command.. 

3-3. SEMI-ANNUAL PROFICIENCY AND READINESS TEST (S-APART). 

The S-APART measures an operator’s proficiency and readiness. It consists of a written 

examination and a hands-on performance test evaluated by a master trainer. MQ 
operators must pass each component of the test during their S-APART periods. The SAPART periods are the two-month periods ending on the last day of the operator's first 

semi-annual training period and the two-month period ending on the last day of the 

operator's assignment or hire month. While off site to designated Military combat or 

imminent danger areas, the Director, or Owner(s), and managers in the individual’s chain 

of command should consider reducing this evaluation requirement to once annually. At 

the end of the training year, the Director must certify that each operator has completed 

all S-APART requirements. This action serves to recertify the operator in his designated 

duty position(s). An operator designated MQ at any Evaluations time within this twomonth period must complete all S-APART requirements. Operators receive credit for the 

operator’s written examination and hands-on performance test during mission preparation 

if they complete the tests within the two-month S-APART period. Those operators 

participating in MP programs are not subject to the S-APART unless they were removed 

from MQ because of training deficiency. Operators removed from MQ status because of 

a training deficiency are subject to the S-APART. 

a. SUAS operator’s written examination. This open-book exam is prepared at 

the local level and consists of 25 objective questions that cover the SUAS operator's 

manual, local airspace, regulations, SOPs, and other pertinent topics as determined by 

the commander and master trainer. The minimum passing score is 70 percent corrected 

to 100 percent. 

b. Hands-on performance tests. This component consists of oral and job position 

evaluations. Paragraph 3-7 contains a list of oral subjects. Evaluation tasks are listed in 

the appropriate appendix of this manual. The operator must successfully complete all 

requirements during the S-APART period. Note: S-APART failures. Operators who fail to 

meet the S-APART standards will be processed in accordance with paragraph 2-5 of this 

manual. 

3-4. NO-NOTICE. Each commander will establish a no-notice evaluation program to 

measure operator effectiveness. Evaluations may consist of flight, a compatible simulator, 

oral, or written examination. 

3-5. PROFICIENCY FLIGHT EVALUATION

a. The commander directs the proficiency evaluation and administers it using the 

guidelines established in paragraph 2-4. This evaluation is conducted to determine—

(1) The individual's readiness level, either MP or MQ, upon assignment to the unit 

if the readiness level cannot be determined through records review. 

(2) The individual's proficiency when SUAS currency has lapsed in accordance

with paragraph 6-1. 

(3) The individual's proficiency when questioned by the commander. b. After the 

evaluation, the examiner will debrief the individual and complete a Crew Members 

Training Record 
3-6. GRADING CONSIDERATIONS 

a. Oral evaluation. The examinee must demonstrate a working knowledge and 

understanding of the subject areas presented. The evaluator will assess the examinee's 

knowledge during the oral evaluation. 

b. Hands-on test. Performance standards are based on an ideal situation. 

Grading is based on meeting the minimum standards. The evaluator must consider 

deviations from the ideal during the evaluation and make appropriate adjustments if other 

than ideal conditions exist. 

3-7. DIRECTOR’S CERTIFICATION. This evaluation is conducted to determine the 

operator's ability to perform appropriate duties. The evaluation sequence consists of the 

four phases given below. The evaluator will determine the amount of time devoted to each 

phase. When the examinee is an evaluator/trainer or a unit trainer, the recommended 

procedure is for the evaluator to reverse roles with the examinee. When the evaluator 

uses this technique, the examinee must understand how the role-reversal will be 

conducted and when it will be in effect. 

a. Phase 1—Introduction. In this phase, the evaluator—

(1) Reviews the examinee's records to verify that the examinee meets all 

prerequisites for the rating. 

(2) Confirms the purpose of the flight evaluation, explains the evaluation 

procedure, and discusses the evaluation standards and criteria to be used. Note: 

If the examinee is a master trainer, he or she will be evaluated on the ability to 

apply the learning and teaching process outlined in the instructor's handbook. The 

examinee must demonstrate a working knowledge of the conditions, standards, 

and descriptions of the tasks he or she will be instructing/evaluating. The examinee 

must also demonstrate an ability to determine when tasks are not performed to 

standards and how to train to standards. 

b. Phase 2—Oral examination. The examinee must have a working knowledge 

and understanding of all applicable topics in the respective subject areas below. 

As a minimum, the evaluator will select two topics from each appropriate subject 

area. An evaluator/trainer will also demonstrate an ability to instruct and evaluate 

any topic. 

(1) Regulations and publications (ATM, AR 95-23, local SOPs, and 

regulations). Topics in this subject area are—

(a) ATP requirements. 

(b) SOP requirements. 

(c) Weather restrictions and procedures. 

(d) Local airspace usage. 

(e) Publications required for using the SUAS. 

(f) Forms and records. 

(2) Operating limitations and restrictions. Topics in this subject area are—

(a) Battery limits. 

(b) Airspeed limits. 

(c) Environmental restrictions. 

(d) Other limitations. 
(3) SUAS emergency procedures and malfunction analysis. Topics in this 

subject area are—

(a) Emergency terms and their definitions. 

(b) Electrical system malfunctions. 

(c) Loss of link. 

(d) Mission equipment. 

(4) Tactical and mission tasks (TC 1-611 and unit SOP). Topics in this 

subject area are—

(a) Mission statement and employment methods. 

(b) Mission planning and safety. 

(c) Tactical reports and fire support. 

(d) Downed/Lost air vehicle procedures. 

(5) Night mission operation use of lights. 

c. Phase 3—Flight evaluation. If this phase is required, the following 

procedures apply: 

(1) Briefing. The evaluator will explain the flight evaluation procedure and 

brief the examinee on which tasks will be evaluated. When evaluating an 

evaluator/trainer, the evaluator must advise the examinee that during role 

reversal, the evaluator may deliberately perform some tasks outside standards to 

check the examinee’s diagnostic and corrective action skills. The evaluator will 

conduct or have the examinee conduct a crew briefing. 

(2) Preflight Procedures. The evaluator will evaluate the examinee’s use 

of the appropriate TMs/checklists (CLs)/technical bulletins (TBs), and/or the 

integrated electronic technical manual (ETM) as appropriate. 

(a) Flight Tasks. The evaluator will evaluate those tasks listed in the 

applicable appendix of this ATM. A Master Trainer must demonstrate an 

ability to instruct and/or evaluate the appropriate tasks. When used as part 

of the proficiency flight evaluation, the evaluation may include an 

orientation of the local area, checkpoints, and other pertinent information. 

(b) After-landing Tasks. The evaluator will evaluate the examinee’s 

use of the appropriate TMs/CLs/TBs, and/or the integrated ETM as 

appropriate. 

d. Phase 4—Debriefing. Upon completing the evaluation, the evaluator will—

(1) Discuss the examinee’s strengths and weaknesses. 

(2) Offer recommendations for improvement. 

(3) Tell if the examinee passed or failed the evaluation and discuss any 

tasks not performed to standards. 

(4) Complete the applicable forms and ensure that the examinee reviews 

and initials the appropriate forms. Note. Inform the examinee of any restrictions, 

limitations, or revocations that the evaluator will recommend to the commander 

following an unsatisfactory evaluation. 

3-8. LOCAL AREA ORIENTATION. 

a. Training area orientation. The Director will ensure that operators are given a tour 

of and a briefing on training area and facilities. The tour should include the mission 
planning procedures (location of maps and other flight planning aids), and airspace 

operations office. The briefing should include the items listed below. 

(1) Obtaining maps and charts. 

(2) Obtaining weather information. 

(3) Obtaining range and restricted-area information. 

(4) Information on frequencies and access phone numbers. 

(5) A review of airspace in the local area. 

b. Range layout and facilities. The Director will ensure that operators are familiar 

with range facilities. 

c. Local area orientation flight. Before progressing to MQ, operators should 

receive a local area orientation flight. Units may conduct this flight along with other 

training. The Director will determine which orientation items are required for the 

flight. Items peculiar to the local area or those that cannot be adequately covered 

during the ground portion will be pointed out, demonstrated, or discussed during 

the flight. The orientation flight should include familiarization with local—

(1) Boundaries. 

(2) Reporting points. 

(3) Prominent terrain features. 

(4) Restricted areas and no-fly areas. 

(5) Tactical training and range areas. 

(6) Airfields, helipads, and frequently used LZs. 

(7) Obstacles or hazards to flight. 

Note: MACOMs, particularly those operating near sensitive borders, should 

establish additional requirements or restrictions for local area orientations.
Chapter 4 

Unit Training

Unit Managers are authorized to conduct refresher training at unit level. Operators 

receiving the training must have attended the initial operator qualification course 

for SUAS being flown. 

4-1. TRAINING PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS 

a. Refresher Training. An operator entering refresher training will participate in 

training consisting of basic and mission type tasks. The operator must complete 

all training before he or she is designated MQ. The operator is designated MP 

during all of this training. 

(1) The operator will complete the appropriate academic and tasks listed in 

this manual. 

(2) All flight training in MP will be conducted by a master trainer. (3) The 

operator will be evaluated by a master trainer. 

(4) The operator will complete a qualified sortie at night (if applicable). 

b. Mission training. The SUAS mission and operation of the mission 

equipment is an integral part of being an operator qualified in a 

SUAS. This training must be completed before an operator is 

qualified to perform missions within his unit with a SUAS. 

4-2. TRAINING PREREQUISITES An operator returning to an operator position after 

having been prohibited/excused from flying duties for more than 180 consecutive days 

will receive refresher training. When an operator enters the unit’s ATP with fewer than 

180 consecutive days of non-operator duties, the commander may require him to undergo 

refresher training based on a records check or a proficiency flight evaluation.

4-3. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS Refresher training should include academic courses 

and practice of all tasks. During refresher training, an operator does not have semi annual 

proficiency and readiness test (S-APART) requirements in the SUAS in which the training 

is being conducted. The only requirements he has are those designated by the 

commander. 

4-4. TASK CONTENTS 

a. Title. A title identifies each task. The commander may create additional tasks if 

they are essential to METL accomplishment and are not included in the ATM. 

b. Conditions. Perform the task in the situation the conditions specify. The 

specified conditions describe the important aspects of the performance environment. 

c. Standards. The standards describe the minimum degree of proficiency or 

performance for accomplishment of the task under ideal conditions. 

d. Night Considerations. Where applicable and authorized by future COA / 333 

etc.., night considerations are included. 

e. References. Listed references for each task are sources of information about 

that particular task
4-5. TASK CONSIDERATIONS 

a. If a master trainer is part of a condition, a master trainer will be in a position near 

enough the operator being trained/evaluated that he or she may assist or assume control 

as the situation requires. 

b. Unless otherwise specified in the conditions, all in-flight training and evaluations 

will be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). 

c. The operator should know certain emergency procedures well enough to 

perform the required action from memory. Upon completion of the procedure, the 

checklist will be used to verify that no item(s) were overlooked. 

d. Operators will maintain operation within SUAS limitations at all times. Operation 

outside these limits, in other than an emergency, is unsatisfactory. 
Chapter 5 

Individual Operator Training Record

The Director must ensure that a training record is prepared and maintained for each 

SUAS operator in an operational duty position assigned or attached to the unit.

5-1. INDIVIDUAL OPERATOR TRAINING RECORD REQUIREMENTS. The training 

record will be maintained as shown in figure 5-1. 

a. Crew Training Record will be used. It will be maintained in the operator’s unit 

training folder. 

b. Operators assigned or attached for flight duty will present their Training Record 

to the Director or the Director’s representative on arrival into the unit. 

c. The Crew member Grade Slip should be used to document training and 

evaluation flights. 

5-2. Flight Crew Training Record 

a. Used to permanently record all individual operator evaluations and summaries. 

It also is used to record any change in operator status or other significant events. 

b. It may need to be corrected for several reasons. Carefully entering events as 

they occur will eliminate most major errors. If an event is not entered at the proper time 

and several other events have been recorded, enter the date of the out-of-sequence event 

in red ink. If enough mistakes accrue to make the form unusable, transcribe the data to a 

new form. Place a diagonal across the front of the unusable form, label it “transcribed,” 

and retain this copy of the form under the current form. DO NOT destroy or discard any 

Grade Slip that contains an entry. 

General Instructions 

• Type all entries or clearly print them by hand in black or dark blue ink (preferably 

with a fine-point pen). • For blocks that do not require an entry, enter any commonly 

understood letters or symbols; for example, NA for "not applicable" or a dash (—). • To 

make minor corrections, use correction fluid or line through the incorrect information and 

add the correct information. 

• Keep entries to the form as clear and concise as possible. Use standard 

abbreviations and acronyms. 

• Every possible event or occurrence cannot be anticipated. If situations arise that 

are not covered by these instructions, use sound judgment and enter the event in the 

most logical manner

. 

Administrative and Demographic Data 

Sheet number. Number each sheet in numerical order. 

Name. Enter the crew member's full name (last, first, and middle initial). 

SSN. Enter the crew member's social security number. 

Title. Enter the crew member's current position or Title. 
Date of Birth. Enter the crew member's Date of Birth.

Assignment Date: Enter the date the Crew Member was hired or assigned to the UAS 

Division

Training Event Data Date. 

Enter the day, month, and year of the event. After the first entry, the year may be omitted 

until entry of the first event of a new year.

Aircraft. Enter the alphanumeric designation of the appropriate aircraft (for example, 

ATOD Q4, DJI S800 or Equivalent). 

Event. Enter a short description of the event. The following are defined as events and 

must be recorded accurately and timely: 

• Unit assignments and reassignments. 

• Start of time-limited training programs. (These programs include, but are not 

limited to, mission status progressions.) 

• Start and completion of Department of the Army qualification courses, both flying 

and non-flying. 

• Completion of significant training or retraining programs. (Summarize the event 

on one line.) 

• All evaluations. 

• Master Trainer designation • Completion of the written examination. 

• All proficiency flight (oral or written) evaluations. (Specify the type of evaluation; 

for example a no-notice evaluation, the flight portion of a commander's evaluation, or 

currency evaluation.) 

• All requests for waivers or extensions and their disposition. 

• Involvement in any class A, B, C, or D accident or incident and the results of any 

post-accident evaluation (if given). 

Note. Do not record as events on the form those flights conducted solely to accomplish task, 

iteration, currency, or MOPP requirements. Do not record attendance at recurring briefings such as safety 

meetings and weather briefings. Also do not record participation in ARTEP exercises, emergency 

deployment readiness exercises, or other unit

Duty. Not applicable. 

D, N, and Sim. For the event being recorded, enter the number of qualified sorties 

conducted under the appropriate flight modes/conditions. The sortie number entered will 

be the sorties flown on any single flight event (such as an evaluation) or the total sorties 

flown in multiflight training programs. 

Seat. Not applicable. 

Recorded By. Evaluators/trainers and others (when required) will enter their first initial, 

last name, rank, and duty position. 

GR. If the event was graded, enter an S for satisfactory or a U for unsatisfactory. 

CM Init. Crewmembers will initial this block to show that they are aware of the entry on 

the form and any remarks. Their initials signify that they have been advised of and 

understand any change in status. Crewmembers must immediately initial any entry 

resulting in a change of status, such as an unsatisfactory evaluation. They will initial 

routine entries, such as assignment to a unit or completion of the written examination, as 

soon as practical. 

Rmk. Enter Yes or No in this column to show whether comments are entered in the 

Remarks section regarding the entry. Do not enter NA in this column or leave it blank. 
Remarks

• Record pertinent information not shown on the front of the form in this section. 

Do not restate information entered on the front of the form; for example, "This was a 

satisfactory evaluation." Keep all remarks clear, concise, and specific. Use standard 

abbreviations and acronyms or logical shortened word forms. 

• Enter the date in the same format used on the front of the form. After the date, 

enter pertinent remarks. If the remarks require more than one line, do not repeat the date 

on the second or subsequent lines. Remarks that could be entered include the issuance 

of an MT qualification by an evaluator and an explanation of extension for completion of 

ATP requirements. 

• Certain events on the Grade Slip require the Director's approval and signature. 

These events are flight (or other proficiency) suspensions, the crew member's return to 

non-related assignments after this event, and extensions or waivers. If the Director has 

certified another document for the event and the entry on the Grade Slip is a summary of 

the event, the Director does not need to sign the Grade Slip.

5-3. Crew Member Grade Slip This form is for use with training programs that require 

flight. These training programs include, but are not limited to, mission status progressions 

and SUAS qualifications. The Evaluation Summary form is not for use as a permanent 

record of single flight such as a no-notice evaluation. Such flights should be recorded 

directly on Evaluation Summary Form. The DA Form is a temporary document. Units 

should maintain this grade slip until the training program is completed or terminated. The 

data on the grade slip will then be summarized and entered on the Flight Crew Training 

Log and the grade slip will be discarded. If use of the Form is not practical, units may 

develop locally produced temporary forms to track training of tasks. 
Chapter 6

Risk Management 

Tough, realistic training conducted to standards is the cornerstone of the Invictus 

UAS program. The potential for accidents increases as training realism increases. 

Thus realistic training can pose a serious drain on Invictus assets. Managers 

and must find ways to protect operators and equipment from accidents during 

realistic training. An accident loss on a client mission is no different in its effect 

than during training; the asset is gone. Managers and staffs can use this section 

as a guide for developing SOPs and managing risk as it applies to their division 

and mission. 

6-1. CONCEPT. Risk management is a tool leaders can use to make smart risk decisions 

in tactical operations. It allows leaders to execute more realistic training not otherwise 

practical because of the high probability of accidents. Risk management is a method of 

getting the job done by identifying the areas that present the highest risk and taking action 

to eliminate, reduce, or control the risk. Risk management thereby becomes a fully 

integrated part of mission planning and execution. 

6-2. RESPONSIBILITIES. Risk management is not complex, technical, or difficult. It is a 

comparatively simple decision making process, a way of thinking through a mission to 

balance mission demands against risks. Once understood, risk management is a way to 

put more realism into training without paying a price in deaths, injuries, damaged 

equipment, or all three. Risk management is performed during actual combat as well as 

in peacetime. Leaders must learn to assess risks during training events and apply the 

same techniques during combat actions. During combat, risks may be taken, but only 

after they are evaluated and weighed as they are during training. 

a. Managers. As in all other areas, managers are responsible for effectively 

managing risk. Managers—

(1) Seek optimum, not just adequate performance. 

(2) Select from risk reduction options provided by the staff. 

(3) Accept or reject residual risk based on the benefit derived. 

(4) Train and motivate leaders at all levels to effectively use risk 

management concepts. 

b. Team Leaders—

1) Develop a total commitment to mission accomplishment and welfare of 

subordinates. 

(2) Consistently apply effective risk management concepts and methods to 

operations they lead. 

(3) Report risk issues beyond their control or authority to their superiors for 

resolution. 

c. Individuals—

(1) Understand, accept, and implement risk reduction guidance. 
(2) Maintain a constant awareness of the changing risks associated with the 

operation. 

(3) Make leaders immediately aware of any unrealistic risk reduction 

procedure. 

6-3. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS 

a. Step 1: Identify risks. Identify major events of the operational sequence and list 

them chronologically. This process will help detect specific risks associated with all 

specified and implied tasks. Safety can be built into an operation by first seeing the 

operation in its entirety. Operations invariably can be broken down into a series of phases, 

each with special characteristics and considerations. When the commander states the 

mission and concept, it is usually possible to define key events. Operations also have a 

time factor, a beginning to ending series of events in which the timing of events is often 

as significant as the events themselves. The operations analysis is a useful tool in quickly 

defining the flow and time sequence of events in an operation. 

b. Step 2: Assess risks. Determine the magnitude of risks by estimating loss 

probability and cost. Assess each event, determine whether it is routine, and make an 

initial risk assessment. Ensure that standards for routine events are adequate to provide 

an acceptable level of risk. 

(1) Consider the value of a risk matrix or decision guide for all or part of the 

operation. Risk matrices provide a quick and ready method of breaking down an 

operation into its major operational aspects and eliminating or controlling the risks 

associated with it. Like other risk assessment tools, risk matrices can be used 

alone or with other risk analysis techniques to provide a quick overview of the risk 

situation. Risk matrices are simple enough for routine use by tactical leaders in 

operational planning. These matrices are nearly always more effective than 

intuitive methods in identifying the extent of risk. 

(2) Consider using the METT-TC format as another means to assess risks. 

Leaders can subjectively determine the likelihood and extent of accidental loss 

based on this type of analysis. 

c. Step 3: Make decisions and develop controls. Make risk acceptance 

decisions by balancing risk benefits against risk assessments. Eliminate 

unnecessary risks. Reduce the magnitude of mission essential risks by applying 

controls. Controls range from hazard awareness to detailed operational 

procedures. Focus on high hazard events not covered by a good set of standards. 

Complete a preliminary hazard analysis of these events. 

d. Step 4: Implement Controls. Integrate specific controls into plans, OPORDs, 

SOPs, training performance standards, and rehearsals. Knowledge of risk controls 

down to the individual operator is essential for successfully implementing these 

controls. 

e. Step 5: Supervise. Determine the effectiveness of standards in controlling risk. 

The commander must enforce controls and standards. This is the key to loss 

control. The commander may have approved a number of risk reduction 

procedures, but approval does not mean that the procedures are carried out. 

Leaders must monitor the situation to ensure that action is actually being taken. 

The prudent leader then follows up to see that the doers understand and accept 
the guidance. Leaders should also monitor the effect of risk reduction procedures 

to verify that they really are good ideas. This is especially true for new and untested 

procedures. 

Please note:

On file on company share drive related Training and system task documents
Glossary 

AR Army regulation 

ATC air traffic control 

ATM aircrew training manual 

ATP aircrew training program 

DM demonstration 

FM field manual/frequency modulation 

LZ landing zone 

MACOM major command 

MP mission preparation 

MQ mission qualified 

MT master trainer 

METL mission essential task list 

METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, 

time available, civilian considerations 

NA not applicable 

PFE proficiency flight evaluation 

S satisfactory 

S-APART Semi-Annual Proficiency and Readiness Test 

SOP standing operating procedures 

SUAS small unmanned aircraft system 

TC training circular 

TDA table of distribution and allowance 

TOE table of organization and equipment 

TM training manual 

TSP training support package 

U unsatisfactory 

U.S. United States 

UAS unmanned aircraft system 

VMC visual meteorological conditions 
Index 

Director’s Certification, 3-2 

Form (Crewmember Grade Slip), 5-3 

Form (Crewmember Training Record), 5-1 

Evaluation principles, 3-1 

Master trainer, 1-1 

Refresher training, 4-5 

Risk Management Process, 6-2 

Risk Management Responsibilities, 6-1 

Semi-Annual Proficiency and Readiness Test, 3-1 

SUAS currency, 2-3 

Task contents, 4-5 

Waivers to requirements, 3-1