1 ... SeeT EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 4. 

## COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH
NO . 2- 06- 398- CR
CH R I S T OP HE RGAR F I AS AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M THE 213TH DI STRI CT CO URT O F TARRA NT CO UN TY

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### M E M ORANDU M OP I NI ON 1

----- ----- -- A ppel l antC hr i st oph erG ar f i as appeal s f r om hi s convi ct i ons f oraggr avat ed
r obbe ry w i t h a dea dl y w ea pon a nd a ggr ava t ed as sa ul tw i t h a de adl y w ea pon. W e a f f i r m. Justaft erm i dni ght on M ar ch 1 , 20 06 , appel l anta nd R obb i e Fer nand ez e n tere d a 2 4 -ho u r C o n o c o g a s s tati o n s t o r e in H u rst. T h e co u p l e p l a n n e d to2 ... A p ri o r fe l o n yc o n v i c ti o n e n h a n c e d b o th o f th e s e s e n te n c e s . 3 ... G o nza lez v. S tate , 8 S .W .3 d 6 4 0 , 6 4 2 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 0 ). 2 bur gl ar i z e t he st or e, an d a l t hough t heydi d notul t i m at el y t ak e a nyt hi ng f r om t he
s to re , a p p e l l a n t s h o t th e c l e rkfo u r ti m e s , c ri ti c a l l yi n j u ri n g h i m . Fol l ow i ng a t w o- day t ria l, th e j ur y convi ct ed appel l antofaggr avat ed
r obbe ry w i t h a de adl y w ea pon and agg r ava t ed as sa ul tw i t h a de adl y w ea pon. A ft erhe ar i ng a ddi t i ona l evi den ce and ar gum ent , t he j ury a ss es se d pun i sh m ent atsi xt y year s’ conf i nem entf ort he aggr avat ed r obb ery, a n d l i f e and a t en th o u sa n d d o ll a rfi n e for the ag g rav a ted as sa u l t. The t r i al courtsent enced 2 app el l anti n a cc or dan cew i t h t he j ury’ s ver di ct and or der ed t he se nt enc es t o r un c o n c u rre n tl y . I n hi s f i r stan d s ec ond poi nt s, app el l antco nt end s t hathi s con vi ct i onsf or bot h a g g ra v at ed r obb ery and agg r avat ed assaul tbased on t he sam e cr i m i nal t r ans ac t i on vi ol at e t he Fi ft h Am end m ent ’ s pr ohi bi t i on a gai ns tdoub l e j eop ar dy. A p p e l l a n t d i d n o t ra i s e a d o u b l e j e o p a rd yo bj e c ti o n i n th e tri a l c o u rt. A p p e lla n th a st h e b u r d e n t o “ p r e s e rv e , in s o m e f a s h io n ,” a d o u b le j eop ar dy o bj ec t i on a torbe f or e t he t i m e th e ch ar ge i s su bm i tt ed t o t he j ury. 3 B e c a u s e o ft h e f u n d a m e n t a l n a t u r e o fd o u b le je o p a r d y , h o w e v e r , a d o u b le j eopar dy cl ai m m ay be r ai sed f or t he f i r st t i m e on app eal w hen “t he und i sput ed f ac t s sh ow t he doubl e j eop ar dy vi ol at i on i s cl ea r l y app ar ent on t he f ac e o ft he4 ... Id. a t643.
5 ... Se eLa ngs v. S tate , 1 8 3 S .W .3 d 6 8 0 , 6 8 5 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 6 ).

6 ... Se eS tep h en so nv. S tate , Nos . 02- 07- 00034
- CR, 02- 07- 00035
- CR, 02- 07- 00036
- CR, 2008 W L7555 75, a t*2 ( Te x. App . — Fo rt W ort h M a r . 20, 2 0 0 8 , n o p e t. h .) (m e m . o p .); Perezv. S tate , No. 02- 06- 00225
- CR, 2007 W L 2 7 4 4 9 1 4 , a t * 6 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W o rth S e p t. 2 0 , 2 0 0 7 , p e t. re f’d ) (m e m . o p ., n o t d e s i g n a te d fo r p u b l i c a ti o n ).

7 ... E. g. , Blockbur

ger v. United S tates , 2 8 4U .S . 2 9 9 , 3 0 3

– 0 4 , 5 2 S . C t. 18 0, 1 8 2 (1 93 2) ( hol di ng t hatt w o conv i ct i ons f orone sal e ofnar cot i cs t hat v i o l a te d tw o s ta tu to ryp ro v i s i o n sd i d n o t v i o l a te d o u b l e j e o p a rd y ); E xp a rte Sm ith , 8 8 4 S .W .2 d 5 5 1 , 5 5 4(T e x . A p p .— A u s ti n 1 9 9 4 , n o p e t.); K i ngv. S tate , N o . 02- 06- 00055
- CR, 2007 W L1575 068, a t*3–4( Te x. App . — Fo rtW or th M a y3 1 , 2 0 0 7 , n o p e t.) (m e m . o p ., n o t d e s i g n a te d fo r p u b l i c a ti o n ). 3 r ec or d a nd w hen en f or ce m entofus ualr ul esofpr oce dur alde f au l t s e rve s no l e g i ti m a te s ta te i n te re s ts .” 4 A ppe l l an t’s d oubl e j eop ar dy c om pl ai ntal l ege s m ul t i pl e p uni sh m ent s f or t he sam e of f ense. A m u lt ip le p u n is h m e n t d o u b le je o p a r d y v io la t io n isc le a r ly 5
a p p a r e n to n t h e f a c e o f t h e re c o r d w h e n t h e re c o r d a f f ir m a t iv e lys h o w sm u lt ip le p u n i sh m e n ts res u l ti n g fr o m the co m m i ss io n o f a sing l e ac t t h a t vi o l a ted tw o s e p a ra te p e n a l s ta tu te s , o n e o f w h i c h i s , o n i tsfa c e , su b s u m e d i n th e o th e r. 6 W hi l e d oubl e j eop ar dy p r ec l ude s a def end ant f r om bei ng puni sh ed t w i ce f ort he
sa m e o ffen se , i t d o e s n o t p rev e n t a s e c o n d p u n i sh m e n t f o r t h e sa m e co n d u c t. 7 T o d e term i new he t he rt w o c on vi c t i on si m po s e m ul t i p l e p u n i sh m e n ts und ert he D oub l e Jeopar dy C l aus e , w e appl y t he “sam e el em ent s” t est8 ... Langs , 183 S. W . 3d at685 ( ci t i ng Blockbur ger, 284 U. S. 299, 52 S . C t. 1 8 0 ); se ealso Ga rr i so nv. S tate , Nos . 02- 04- 00450
- CR, 02- 04- 00451
- CR, 200 5 W L 159 425 8, at*6 ( Tex. A pp. — FortW ort h Ju l y 7, 2005 , pe t . r ef ’ d) ( notde si gna t ed f orpubl i ca t i on) ( app l yi ng Blockbur ger t o det er m in e w h e t her e rro r w a sc l e a rl ya p p a re n t o n th e fa c e o f th e re c o rd ).

9 ... United States v. Di xon , 509 U. S. 688, 696, 113 S. Ct . 2849 , 2856 (1 9 9 3 ).

10 ... See Ex parte G oodm an , 1 5 2 S .W .3 d 6 7 , 7 1 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 4 ), cert. denied, 5 4 5 U .S . 1 1 2 8 (2 0 0 5 ); Pa rr i s h v. S tate , 869 S. W . 2d 352, 354 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 4 ); Ro yster v. S tate , 6 2 2 S . W . 2 d 4 4 2 , 4 4 6 ( T e x . C r i m. A pp. 19 81 ) ( expl ai ni ng t hat , depend i ng up on t he f act s pr oven, aggra vat ed a s s a u l t c a n b e a l e s s e r i n c l u d e d o ffe n s e o f a g g ra v a te d ro b b e ry ).

11 ... See Par

r i sh , 869 S. W . 2d a t354.
12 ... E. g. , Gi

rdyv. S tate , 213 S . W . 3d 315, 318 n. 4 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 200 6) ( dem ons t r ati n g th a t t he St at e n ee ded t o pr ovet he el em ent s of a g g ra v a te d a s s a u l t a si t a l l e g e d th a t o ffe n s e i n th e i n d i c tm e n t). 4 art i cul at ed i n Blockbur ger v. United S tates . Th i s t est “i nqu i r es w het hereach 8 of f ens e c ont ai nsan el em en t n o t c o n t ai ned i n t he ot her ; i fnot , t heyar e t he

‘ sa m e o f f en[ s] e’ an d dou bl e j eop ar dy b ar s add i t i ona l puni sh mentan d s ucc es si ve p ro s e c u ti o n .” G r ea t er and l es se ri ncl ude d of f ens esar e t he sa m e o f f ens e f or 9 dou bl e j eopar dy pu r poses. 10 U n d e r Blockbur

ger, w e ar e t o c ons i derbot h t he st at ut ory e l em ent s and any ad d itio nal nonst at ut or y al l egat i ons f oun d i n t he char gi ng i nst r um ent s. 11 T h u s , w e c o m p a r e t h e e le m e n t so fa g g r a v a t e d ro b b e ry a n d a g g r a v a t e d a s s a u lt
a s th e S tate all e g e d tho se o ffen se s i n the i n d i c tm e n t. 1213 ... T EX . P EN AL C ODE A NN . § 2 9 .0 3 (a )(2 ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ).
14 ... A p e rso n co m m i ts th e ft i f he u n l a w fu l l yap p rop ri a tes p rop e rt yw i th i n te n t to d e p r i v e th e o w n e r o f p ro p e rty . See i d. § 31 . 03( a ) ( Ver no n 2003 & S u p p . 2 0 0 7 ).

15 ... See i

d. § § 2 9 .0 3 (a )(2 ), 2 9 .0 2 (a )(2 ), 3 1 .0 3 (a ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ). 16 ... See i

d. § 2 2 .0 2 (a )(2 ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 &S u p p . 2 0 0 7 ). 5 C o u n t o n e o f th e i n d i c tm e n t c h a rg e d a p p e l l a n t w i th a g g ra v a te d ro b b e ry
w i th a d e a d l y w e a p o n u n d e r T e x a sP e n a l C o d e s e c ti o n 2 9 .0 3 (a )(2 ). To pr ove 13 t hi s of f ens e a s al l ege d, t he St at e n ee ded t o e st abl i sh t he f ol l ow i ng:

• A ppe l l ant • O n ora bo utM a r c h 1, 2006 • I n T ar r antC oun t y, Texas • In t e n t io n a llyo rk n o w in g ly • W h i l e i n the co u rse o f co m m i tti n g the ft o f pro p e rt y 14 • W i th i n ten t t o o b tai n o r m a i n tai n co n tr o l o f sa i d p rop e rt y • Th r eat ened orpl aced • S h a h id S h a h id • I n fea r of i m m i n e n t bo d i l yi n j u ry o r de a th • A p p e l l a n t u s e d o r e x h i b i te d a d e a d l yw e a p o n (a fi re a rm ). 15 T h e j u ry c h a rge o n ag g rav a ted rob b e ry tr a c k e d th e l a n g u a g e o f t h e i n d i c tm e n t. C o u n tt w o o f t h e in d ic t m e n t c h a r g e d t h e o f f e n s e o fa g g r a v a t e d a s s a u lt
w i th a d e a d l yw e a p o n a sd e fi n e d i n p e n a l c o d e s e c ti o n 2 2 .0 2 (a )(2 ). To pr ove 16 t hi s of f ens e, t he St at e n ee ded t o e st abl i sh t he f ol l ow i ng:

• A p p e l l a n t • O n ora bo utM a r c h 1, 2006 • I n T ar r antC oun t y, Texas • In t e n t io n a llyo rk n o w in g ly • C a u s e d b o d i l yi n j u ry17 ... See i d. § § 2 2 .0 2 (a )(2 ), 2 2 .0 1 (a )(1 ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 &S u p p . 2 0 0 7 ). 18 ... See i

d. § § 2 9 .0 3 (a )(2 ), 2 9 .0 2 (a )(2 ), 3 1 .0 3 (a ). 19 ... See i

d. § § 2 2 .0 2 (a )(2 ), 2 2 .0 1 (a )(1 ). 6 • To Shahi d Shah i d • B ys h o o ti n g h i m w i th a fi re a rm • A p p e l l a n t u s e d o r e x h i b i te d a d e a d l yw e a p o n (a fi re a rm ). 17 T h e j u ry c h a rge o n ag g rav a ted as sa u l t t rac k e d the l a n g u a g e o f t h e i n d i c tm e n t. Thes e t w o of f ens es , as al l ege d i n t he i ndi ct m ent , ea ch r equ i r ed pr oofof
a tle a s to n e e le m e n t t h a t t h e o t h e rd id n o t . A g g r a v a t e d ro b b e ryw it h a d e a d ly
w ea pon, asal l ege d, r e q ui r ed t he St at e t o pr ovet hatap pel l ant , w hi l e i n t he
c o u r s e o fc o m m itt in g t h e ft o f p r o p e rt y a n d w it h t h e in t e n tt o o b t a in o rm a in t a in
c o n t r o l o fs a id p r o p e rt y , t h r e a t e n e d o r p la c e d S h a h id in f e a r o fim m in e n tb o d ily i nj ury orde at h. Aggr ava t ed as s a ul tw i t h a de adl y w ea pon, asal l ege d, 18
r equ i r ed t he St at e to p ro v e t hatap pel l antca us ed bodi l y i nj ury t o Shah i d by
s h o o ti n g h i m w i th a fi re a rm . 19 Beca us e e ac h of f ens e r equ i r ed pr oof of an el em ent t he ot her di d not , t he
r ec or d doe s notaf f i r m at i vel y s how t hatei t herof f ens e i s su bs um ed w i t hi n t he ot her . Ther ef or e, a doubl e j eop ar dy v i ol at i on do esnotcl ea r l y a ppe aron t he fa c e o f th e re c o rd , a n d w e c a n n o t a d d re s sa p p e l l a n t’sc o m p l a i n tsfu rth e r. W e over r ul e appel l ant ’ s f i r stand second p oi nt s.20 ... Ja cks o n v. V ir ginia , 443 U. S. 307, 319, 99 S . Ct . 2781 , 2789 (1 9 7 9 ); Cl

a y to nv. S tate , 2 3 5 S .W .3 d 7 7 2 , 7 7 8 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ). 21 ... W a tso nv. S tate , 204 S. W . 3d 404 , 414 ( Tex. C r i m . A pp . 2 0 0 6 ); D ri ch a s v. S tate , 1 7 5 S .W .3 d 7 9 5 , 7 9 9 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 5 ). 22 ... W atson , 2 0 4S .W .3 d a t 4 1 4

– 1 5 , 4 1 7 ; Jo hn so n v. S tate , 23 S . W . 3d 1 , 1 1 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 0 ). 7 In h ist h ir d , f o u rt h , a n d f ift h p o in t s , a p p e lla n ta r g u e st h a tt h e e v id e n c e is l e g a l l yan d fac tu a l l yi n su f f i c i e n t t o es tab l i sh the the ft o r attem p ted the ft
r equ i r ed t o s upporthi s agg r ava t ed r obbe ry c onvi ct i on. I n th e a l t er nat i ve, he
ar gue s t hatt h e ev i den ceatm os tes t abl i sh esatt em pt ed agg r ava t ed r obbe ry, a n d i f s o , th e tri a l c o u rt i n s tru c te d th e j u ryo n th e w ro n g p u n i s h m e n t ra n g e . I n r evi ew i ng t he l ega l su f f i ci enc y oft he evi den cet o s upporta con vi ct i on,
w e vi ew al l t he evi dence i n t he l i ght m ost f avor abl e t o t he pr osecut i on i n or der t o det er m i ne w het her any r at i onal t r i eroff actcoul d have f oun d t he essent i al
e l e m e n ts o f t h e cri m e b e y o n d a re a so n a b l e d o u b t. 20 W h e n rev i e w i n g the fac tu a l su ffi c ie n c y o f t h e ev i d e n c e to s u p p o rta con vi ct i on, w e v i ew al l t he evi den ce i n a neu t r all i ght , f avo r i ng ne i t herpa rt y. 21 W e t h e n a s kw h e t h e rt h e e v id e n c e s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v ic t io n , a lt h o u g h le g a lly
s u f f ic ie n t , is n e v e rt h e le s ss o w e a k t h a t t h e f a c t -f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n isc le a r ly
w r o n g a n d m a n if e s t ly u n ju s t o r w h e t h e r c o n f lic t in g e v id e n c e s o g r e a t ly
o u tw e i g h sth e e v i d e n c e s u p p o rti n g th e c o n v i c ti o n th a t th e fa c t-fi n d e r’s d e term i n a ti o n i s m a n i fes tl yu n j u st. T o r e v e r s e u n d e r t h e s e c o n d g r o u n d , we 2223 ... W atson , 204 S. W . 3d a t417. 24 ... T EX . P EN AL C ODE A NN . § 2 9 .0 3 (a )(2 ). 25 ... Id. § 2 9 .0 2 (a )(2 ). 26 ... Se e Bus tam ante v. S tate , 106 S . W . 3d 738, 740 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2 0 0 3 ); Ex p arte Hawki ns , 6 S. W . 3d 554, 559– 60 & n. 10 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 1 9 9 9 ); Ma ldo n a do v. S tate , 9 9 8 S .W .2 d 2 3 9 , 2 4 3 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 9 ).

27 ... T EX . P EN AL C ODE A NN . § 29. 01( 1) ( V er non 200 3) ( “‘ I n t he cou r seof com m i tt i ng t heft ’ m ea nsco nduc tt hatoc cur s i n a n a tt em ptt o c om m i t , dur i ng t he com m i ss i on, ori n i m m edi at e f l i ghtaft ert he att em ptorco m m i ss i on of th e ft.” ). 8 m us tde t er m i ne, w i t h so m e obj ec t i ve bas i s i n t he r ec or d, t hatt he gr ea tw ei ght and pr epo nde r anc e o fal l t he evi den ce , t hough l ega l l y s uf f i ci ent , co nt r adi ct s t he
v e rdict. 23 A p e rso n co m m i ts th e o ffen s e o f ag g rav a ted rob b e ry i f he co m m i ts
r obbe ry and us esorex hi bi t s a d ea dl y w ea pon. A p e r s o n c o m m it sro b b e ryif 24 i n t he cou r se ofco m m i tt i ng t heftan d w i t h i nt entt o obt ai n orm ai nt ai n c ont r ol oft he pr opert y he i nt ent i onal l y or know i ngl y t hr eat ens orpl aces anot heri n f ear ofi m m i nen tbodi l y i nj ury orde at h. 25 Pr oofofa com pl et ed t heft , how eve r , i s notr equ i r ed to e s t abl i sh t he of f ens e o fag gr ava t ed r obbe ry. The pen al c o de def i nes“ i n t he cou r seof 26
com m i tt i ng t heft ” f orpur pos esofChapt er29 ( t he cha pt erde f i ni ng r obbe ry a nd
a g g r a v a t e d ro b b e ry ) a s in c lu d in g c o n d u c tt h a to c c u r sin a n a tt e m p tt o c o m m it th e ft. To s how an att em pt ed t heft , t he St at e c ar r i ed t he bur den ofpr ovi ng

2728 ... See i d. § 1 5 .0 1 (a ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ). 29 ... Se eWo lfe v. S tate , 9 1 7 S .W .2 d 2 7 0 , 2 7 5 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 6 ); Ba b i n ea uxv. S tate , Nos . 01- 0 6 -0 0 608- CR, 01- 06- 00609
- CR, 2007 W L 195 369 3, at*6–7 ( Tex. A pp.— H o u s to n [ 1stD i st . ] Jul y 6, 2007 , pe t . r ef ’ d) (m e m . o p ., n o t d e s i g n a te d fo r p u b l i c a ti o n ). 9 b e y o n d a re a s o n a b le d o u b tt h a ta p p e lla n th a d t h e s p e c if ic in t e n tt o c o m m it th e ft a n d th a t a p p e l l a n t c o m m i tte d a n a c t a m o u n ti n g to m o reth a n m e re pr epa ra ti on. The r equi si t e i nt entm ay be i nf er r ed f r om ci r cum st ant i al 28 evi dence. 29 Th e evi dence att r i alshow ed as f ol l ow s: S hahi d t ypi cal l y l ocked t he gas st at i on a t m i dni ght, buthe al l ow ed app el l antan d Fe r nan dezt o e nt eraft er m i dni ght on M ar ch 1, 200 6, be ca us e h e k n e w F e rna n d e z. F e r n a n d e z a n d ap p e l l a n t ate foo d the yh a d b rou g h t w i th t h e m , a n d S h a h id w o r k e d in a n o t h e ra r e a o ft h e s t o r e . A ts o m e p o in t , S h a h id hear d a gunsho tand br eaki ng gl ass. W hen h e w e n t to i nvest i gat e, he saw app el l antan d Fe r nan dezout si de t he st or e a nd no t i ce d t hatap pel l antha d a gun. The pa i rr ee nt er ed t he st or e, an d F er nan dez , w ho w ascryi ng, t r i ed t o hi de b e h in d S h a h id . S h a h id a s k e d a p p e lla n t n o t t o s h o o t , b u ta p p e lla n ts h o tS h a h id30 ... A s a r es ul tofhi s i nj ur i es , Shahi d s pen tal m os tt w o m on th s i n t he

h o s p i ta l , i n c l u d i n g th i rty -fi v e d a y si n a c o m a .

31 ... The r ec or d r ef l ec t s t hatShahi d poi nt ed t o t he bac k o ft he cou rt r oom w h e n a s k e d to i d e n ti fyth e m a n w h o s h o t h i m .

32 ... Fe r nan dezdi d notr epo rthe rve hi c l e s t ol en, an d t he i ndi ct m ent a l l e g e d th a t S h a h i d w a sth e v i c ti m o f b o th o ffe n s e s . 10 f ourt i m es atcl ose r ange. Shah i d f ai l e d t o i den t i f y a ppe l l anti n t he 30
c o u rt r o o m, a n d h e d i d n o t th i n ka n y th i n g h a d b e e n s to l e n fro m th e s to re .

31 A fo re n s i c v i d e o a n a l y s t te s ti fi e d th a t h e h a d a n a l y z e d th e g a ss ta ti o n ’s t i m e l aps e s urvei l l anc e v i deo s how i ng t he sh oot i ng. The ana l ys tdi d not obs erve t he sh oot ers t ea l anyt hi ng f r om t he st or e and cou l d not m ak e a pos i t i ve i d e n ti fi c a ti o n o f th e g u n m a n . O f f i ce rJa cobEuba nksr es ponde d t o t he s ce ne aft ert he sh oot i ng a nd f oun d Fer nand ez and Sh ahi d, but not appel l ant . O f f i cer Eub anks t est i f i ed t hat Fer nan dez to l d h i m herf r i end ha d be en sh ot , an d t hats he l at erga ve “c onf l i ct i ng s t or i es . ” The of f i ce r al so s t at ed t hatShahi d di d notco m pl ai n a bout bei ng r obb ed and t he r egi st erw a s n otopen, butappel l anthad t aken F e rna n d e z’s H o n d a C R V S U V fr o m the p a rki n g l o t. 32 O f f i ce r La w r enc e M arx, t he cr i m e sc eneof f i ce r , phot ogr aph ed t he sc ene and di d notnot i cem one y oran yt hi ng e l se l yi ng ar ound t he st or e. H e f ound a fi re d b u l l e t i n th e s to re th a t a p p e a re d to b e a s m a l l e r c a l i b e r th a n a .4 5 c a l i b e r.33 ... C o n c e r n e d t h a tS h a h i d mi g h tn o ts u rv i v e h i si n j u r i e s , D e t e ct i ve

C audl e show ed t h e photo s pr ead t o S hahi d w hi l e he w as i n t he hospi t al , had ju s tc o m e o u to fs u r g e ry , a n d w a s “ s t ill a lit t le g r o g g y ” a n d m u m b lin g . S h a h id i denti f i ed appel l antby poi nt i ng t o hi s phot ogr aph, and he m ade t he sam e i den t i f i ca t i on t hr eet i m esw i t h a f i ve m i nut e b r ea k i n be t w e e n e a c h s how i ng. A to n e p o in t , S h a h id a s k e d t h e d e t e c t iv e , “ [I ]fI s h o w y o u w h o s h o tm e , w ill you g etm [ e] som e pai n m edi ci ne. ” 11 D et ec t i ve Jef f r ey C aud l e t es t i f i ed t hat he i nt ervi ew ed Fer nan dez , an d s he i m pl i ca t ed app el l ant . He agr ee d w i t h O f f i ce rEuba nkst hatFe r nan dezga ve confl i ct i ng st or i es, sayi ng atf i r stt hatshe di d n o t kno w appel l ant , and l at er a d m i tt i ng t hats he kne w hi m , t hatt heyha d ha d a r el at i ons hi p, an d t hats he
c a m e to th e st o r e w it h h i m . D e tec ti v e C a u d l e cre a ted a p h o to sp rea d w i th
a p p el l ant ’ s phot o, an d Fe r nan dezi den t i f i ed app el l antast he m an w ho s hot S hahi d. Fer nand ez al so i denti f i ed appel l ant on a st i l l pho t o f r om t he survei l l ance
v id e o . D e t e c t iv e C a u d le a ls o s h o w e d a p h o t o s p r e a d t o S h a h id , a n d S h a h id i denti f i ed appel l antas t he m an w ho shot hi m , al t hou gh app ell a n t chal l enged Shahi d’ s i den t i f i ca t i on. Det ec t i ve C aud l e a l so t es t i f i ed t hatt o hi s kno w l edg e 33
n o th i n g h a d b e e n ta k e n fro m th e s to re . D et ec t i ve C had W oods i de t es t i f i ed t o phy si ca l ev i den cet hatw asf ound
on or w i t h app el l antatt he t i m e o fhi s ar r es t . Spec i f i ca l l y, D et ec t i ve W oods i de obt ai ned cl ot hi ng t hat , ba se d on t he su rvei l l anc e v i deo , ap pea r ed t o bet he
c l ot hi ng w or n byt hes ho ot e r , a h a nd gu n c a s e a nd m a g a zi n e , .3 8 a nd . 45
c a l i b e r a m m u n i ti o n (so m e s p e n t a n d s o m e u n s p e n t), a n d k e y s to F e rn a n d e z ’s34 ... Fe r nan dezdi d nott es t i f y. 35 ... Th e j ury w a t c he d t hi s vi de o a nd a l s o l i s t e ne d t o t he t a peo ft he911 c a l l . 12 H o n d a C R V . D e te c ti v e W o o d s i d e a l s o n o te d s o m e d i s c re p a n c i e si n F e rn a n d e z ’s st or y. D espi t e Fer nand ez’ s and appel l ant ’ s confl i ct i ng st or i es i m pl i cat i ng each ot her , D e tec t i ve W oods i de pur su ed app el l antbe ca us e h e w ascl ea r l y t he
s h o o te r. 34 Furt her , ap pel l antga ve a v i de o ta p e d s t at em entco nf es si ng t o t he sh oot i ng. I n the sta tem e n t, ap p e l l a n t ad m i tted tha t he w e n t t o the sto re w i th

35 F e rn a n d e zto “ ro b ”i t, a l th o u g h h e c l a i m e d th a t th e c ri m e w a sa l l F e rn a n d e z ’s i d e a . A p p e l l a n t a l s o a s s e rte d th a t a t o n e p o i n t h e w a n te d to l e a v e th e s to re a n d n o t c o m p l e te th e ro b b e ry , b u t F e rn a n d e zre fu s e d to l e a v e . A p p e l l a n t’s
coun sel adm i tt ed i n open i ng st at em entt hatappel l ant“had a w eapon , he used i t , and t hatt her e w er e shot s f i r ed. ” F i n a l l y, ap pel l ant ’ s m ot hert es t i f i ed t hatFe r nan dezw asap pel l ant’s g i rl fri e n d a n d h a d p i c k e d a p p e l l a n t u p o n th e n i g h t o f th e o ffe n s e s . A p p e l l a n t’s d e f e n s e a tt r i a l w a s , f ir s t , t h a ta lt h o u g h h e f ir e d s h o t s , h e d id n o tc o m m it
a g g ra v a te d ro b b e ryb e c a u s e h e d i d n o t ta k e a n y th i n g fro m th e s to re . F u rth e r,
w i th re g a rd to th e a g g ra v a te d a s s a u l t c h a rg e , a p p e l l a n t a rg u e d th a t F e rn a n d e z ’s36 ... See, e. g. , Ha rtv. S tate , 581 S . W . 2d 675, 678 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp.

[ Panel O p . ] 19 79 ) ( hol di ng t hat“put t i ng [ a] w eapon t o use t o i nf l i cti nj ur i es c l e a rl y g o e sb e y o n d p re p a ra ti o n ” ); Hen derso nv. S tate , No. 03- 96- 00446
- CR, 199 8 W L 53967, at*7–8 ( Tex. A pp. — A us t i n Fe b. 12, 1 9 98, no p et . ) ( not desi gnated f orpubl i cat i on) ( hol di ng t hatevi dence w as suf f i ci entt o est abl i sh a ttem p ted ag g rav a ted rob b e ry w h e n ap p e l l a nt ’s sta tem e n t sh o w e d the req u i sit e i n te n t a n d h i sa c ti o n si n c l u d e d b ri n g i n g a l o a d e d g u n ).

37 ... See T EX . P EN AL C ODE A NN . § 2 9 .0 1 (1 ). 13 con f l i ct i ng s t or i esan d Shah i d’ s con di t i on du r i ng t he hos pi t ali den t i f i ca t i on a nd fa i l u reto i d e n ti fya p p e l l a n t i n th e c o u rtro o m c re a te d re a s o n a b l e d o u b t. A ppe l l ant ’ s st at em ent , how eve r , es t abl i sh ed t hat he and Fe r nan dezw ent t o t he st or e i nt end i ng t o com m i t a r obbe ry, and app el l ant ’ s ac t s ofen t er i ng t he
s to rew i th a l o a d e d fi re a rm a n d s h o o ti n g th e c l e rk fo u r ti m e s a m o u n te d to m o re t han m er e p r epa r at i on. Thu s, t he evi dence i s suf f i ci entt o pr ove an at t em pt ed 36 t hef t , w hi ch i n t ur n i s suf f i ci entt o pr ove t he t hef tcom pon e n tofaggr avat ed
r obbe ry. Ap p l yi ng t he app r opr i at e s t and ar dsofr evi ew , w e h ol d t hatt he

37
e v i d e n c e i sl e g a l l ya n d fa c tu a l l ys u fficie n t to s u p p o r t t h e j u ry ’sv e rd i c t. W e over r ul e appel l ant ’ s t hi r d, f ourt h, and f i ft h poi nt s. H a v i n g o v e rru l e d a l l o f a p p e l l a n t’sp o i n ts , w e a ffir m th e t r i a l c o u rt’s j u d g m e n t.
J OHN CAYCE CHI E FJ UST I CE PA N EL A : CA YC E, C. J. ; H O LM A N an d W A LKER, JJ.14

DO NO T P UBLI SH T EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: J un e 12, 2008