U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012



# TSCA Work Plan Chemicals:

Methods Document

Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics

February 2012U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

2 Background

In the Agency’s August 2011 Discussion Guide: Background and Discussion Questions for Identifying Priority Chemic als for Review and Assessment , EPA described the two-step process the Agency intended to use to identify potential candi date chemicals for near-term review and assessment under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The Agency intends to use these TSCA Work Plan Chemicals to help focus and direct the activities of the Existing Chemicals Program in the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT). EPA invited public comment through an online discussion

forum conducted from August 18 through Septembe r 21, 2011, as well as through a webinar and stakeholder meeting held on September 7, 2011. Th e meeting summaries a nd public comments are available for review in the docket for this activity, EPA-HQ-OPPT-2011-0516 , which can be

accessed online at http://www.regulations.gov

.

As described in the Discussion Guide , EPA notes that identificati on of a chemical as a TSCA

Work Plan Chemical does not itself constitute a finding by the Agency that the chemical presents a

risk to human health or the environment. Such a determination would be the result of a risk assessment. Rather, identification of a chemical as a TSCA Work Plan Chemical indicates only that the Agency intends to consider it for further revi ew. The Agency believes that identifying these chemicals early in the review pr ocess would afford all interested parties the opportunity to bring

additional relevant information on those chemicals to the Agency’s attention in order to further inform the review. In order to take risk manageme nt actions on a chemical substance under various sections of TSCA, the Agency would have to make the appropriate findings required by the specific provisions of the statute.

Identification of some chemicals as TSCA Wo rk Plan Chemicals (Work Plan) does not mean

that EPA would not consider other chemicals fo r risk assessment and potential risk management

action under TSCA and other statutes. EPA will cons ider other chemicals if warranted by available information. In addition, EPA may subsequently iden tify other candidates for review in addition to this initial group, and may adapt th e factors and data sources used in this process based on the experience acquired during this init ial phase. Further, while the ch emicals identified through this process as TSCA Work Plan Chemicals will likely be well-characterized for hazard and have information indicating exposure poten tial, some will have more limited data and EPA will continue to

use its TSCA information collec tion, testing, and subpoena authorities, including sections 4, 8, and 11(c) of TSCA, to develop needed information on a dditional chemicals that cu rrently have less robust hazard or exposure databases.

Two-Step Process

As described in the Discussion Guide , EPA’s two-step prioritization process was intended to select an initial group of candidate chemicals for review by using a specific set of data sources to identify chemicals meeting one or more of the following factors:

 Chemicals identified as potentially of concer n for children’s health (e.g., chemicals with reproductive or developmental effects).

 Chemicals identified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT).

 Chemicals identified as pr obable or known carcinogens.

 Chemicals used in children’s products.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

3  Chemicals used in consumer products.

 Chemicals detected in biomonitoring programs.

EPA indicated the candidate chemicals from Step 1 would then be screened in Step 2 using information from additional exposure and hazard data sources to further analyze the chemicals and select specific chemicals for further assessmen t, including possible risk assessment and risk management action.

Based on comments received through the discu ssion forum, the webinar, and the stakeholder meeting, EPA made some adjustments both to the Step 1 factors and to the data sources utilized in both Step 1 and Step 2. With regard to the factors considered in Step 1, EPA added neurotoxicity to the initial Step 1 selection criteria because of comments noting the importance of neurotoxic effects to children’s health. The Agency further added respiratory sensitizati on to the human health factors it would consider in Step 2, based on public comment s suggesting this endpoint as identifying possible

contributors to childhood asthma. Several commente rs also encouraged EPA to use environmental toxicity as a prioritizat ion factor to populate th e Step 1 group of candi date chemicals. While environmental toxicity is not being used as a Step 1 prioritization factor on its own, EPA notes that many of the PBT chemicals are classed as toxic on the basis of environmental toxicity data. The Agency has also specifically factored envir onmental toxicity into the Step 2 analysis.

Following public comment, EPA also adjusted the proposed data sources identified in the
Discussion Guide, particularly for Step 2, to encompass additional sources suggested by commenters, including the European Chemical Substance Info rmation System (ESIS) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation (OECD) eChem Portal (which in cludes U.S. databases). EPA also eliminated certain data sources, including NHA TS, NHEXAS, and TEAM, on the basis of their age. Given the difficulty of comprehensively identifying chemicals in consumer products, particularly because the 2006 Inventory Update Reporting (I UR) system made no distinction between commercial and consumer products, EPA narrowed the focus of the Step 1 prioritization factor to chemicals identified as being in children’s products either thr ough IUR reporting or thr ough the process used by Washington State to generate it s list of children’s product chem icals. EPA notes, however, that chemicals identified through the application of the prioritizati on factors in Step 1 were further scrutinized in Step 2 against additional data bases including the Hazardous Substance Data Bank (HSDB) and the Household Product Database, among ot hers, to identify potential consumer uses.

Derivation of the Step 1 Po tential Candidate Chemicals

To generate the Step 1 chemicals meeting the Agency’s prioritization factor criteria as potential candidates for review and assessm ent, the following sources were used:

o Carcinogenicity:

 IRIS : 1986 Class A, B1; 1996 Known or Pr obable; 1999 or 2005 Carcinogenic

 IARC Carcinogens, Group 1, 2A

 NTP Known Carcinogens

o PBT:

 TRI PBT Rule

 Great Lakes Binational PBT

 Canadian P, B, and T (all three criteria met)

 LRTAP POPSU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

4  Stockholm POPs

o Children’s Health:

 IRIS: Repro/Dev (RfD or RfC for repro or dev)

 NTP CERHR : Infants Any Effect or Pregnant Wome n Any Effect

 Cal Prop 65 Reproductive

o Neurotoxicity: IRIS

o Children’s Product Use :

 Reported in products intended for use by children in 2006 IUR

 Washington State Children’s List

o Biomonitoring (both human and environmental indi cative of potential human exposure):

 NHANES

 Drinking Water Contaminants

 Fish Tissue Studies

These sources produced a combined total of 1,235 chemicals, each of which matched at least one criterion. The resulting chemicals were then screened both for quality control to eliminate duplicate listings (an artifact of differences in the way the various data sources defined and reported chemicals), and to exclude chemicals that would not be appropriate for designation as candidates for near-term review and action under TSCA, either b ecause they did not meet the intent of the prioritization criteria, they were not subject to action under TSCA, or they were already the subject of

TSCA action.

Chemicals were excluded from identification as potential candidates for any of the following

reasons:

o Pesticides: Pesticides are excluded from regulati on under TSCA because they are regulated under the Federal Insecticide, Fungici de, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

o Drugs, hormones, and pharmacological chemicals: Drugs are excluded from regulation under TSCA because they are regulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Hormones and pharmacological chemi cals can be found in the environment when they are excreted or disposed of, but may not be amenable to management under TSCA.

o Certain radioactive materials: Radioactive chemicals are generally excluded from regulation under TSCA as source materials, special nuclear ma terials, or byproduct materials as defined in the Atomic Energy Act and subsequent regulations.

o Complex process streams, byproduc ts not commercially produced: Chemicals that are the reaction products of vague constituents, byproducts of complex streams, or complex mixtures are generally not readily definable in terms of their chemical identity and may vary considerably in both their composition and hazard from batch to batch, making them difficult to score consistently in this type of scr eening exercise. They were accordingly excluded.

o Polymers: Polymers typically have physical and chemical characteristics (high molecular weight, low absorbance, and low reactivity) that do not genera lly present significant health hazards. Some polymers that meet certain es tablished criteria (49 FR 46066, November 21, 1984) have been specifically exempted from TSCA review under the new chemicals program because they “do not present an unreasonable risk of injury to human health or the environment.” Polymers were therefore excluded from the Work Plan.

o Gases, common naturally occurring chemicals, combustion products: Chemicals that exist in gaseous form at normal temperatur es, predominantly occur naturally in theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

5 environment, or are produced predominantly by combustion are generally not amenable to control or management under TSCA.

o Common oils or fats, simple plant extracts: Chemicals in these categories are generally not anticipated to be sufficiently toxic to give rise to concerns that would make them priorities.

o Explosive, pyrophoric, or extremel y reactive or corrosive chemicals: Chemicals that explode, burn on contact with air or water, r eact quickly with other chemicals, or are extremely corrosive are unlikely to presen t opportunities for human or environmental exposures because their high physical hazard pr operties make them subject to stringent handling requirements intended to guard ag ainst accidental exposures or releases.

o Metals principally identified as toxic to the environment: Many metals – copper, for example – are generally toxic to the environment, but do not present hea lth issues to humans under typical conditions of use. Those metals and related compounds were excluded from the Work Plan, while metals with specific human health concerns were retained.

o Chemicals already the subject of Action Plans or significant regulation under TSCA: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were excluded from the Work Plan because they are already comprehensively regulated under TSCA , which bans their manufacture, processing,

use and distribution in commerce. Chemicals covered by Action Plans or other currently ongoing regulatory activities under TSCA were al so excluded because they had been recently reviewed and are already being addressed.

After these chemicals were excluded and the remaining metals and their related compounds were grouped together rather than being identifi ed separately, 345 chemical s remained as potential candidates and entered into Step 2, which is desc ribed in the next section of this paper.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 20126Step 2 Process to Identify the TSCA Work Plan ChemicalsCandidate Chemicals from Step 1Hazard Score3 – 1Based on highest scoringhuman health ORenvironmental toxicityendpointExposure Score3 – 1Normalized from rankingsbased on use type, generalpopulation and environmentalexposure, and TRI orsurrogate release informationIf No Score for Hazard ORNo Score for Exposure but a 2 or 3 for Hazard ORfor Persistence/Bioaccumulation:PotentialCandidate for Information GatheringPersistence/Bioaccumulation Score3 – 1Normalized from separatescores for persistence andbioaccumulationChemical Score Calculation =Hazard Score + Exposure Score + Persistence/Bioaccumulation ScoreIf Scores for All Three Components:Normalized and Priority-Binned, 7-9 = High5-6 = Moderate, 3-4 = LowFurther Analysis Through TSCAWork Plan for High RankingsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

7 Explanation of Step 2 Process

The chemicals identified as potential candidates for revi ew and assessment under TSCA based on the Step 1 prioritization factors were screened in Step 2. Chemicals were evaluated and received a score through the appl ication of a numerical algorithm. This score was based on three characteristics: hazard, exposure, and potential for persistence a nd/or bioaccumulation. Using this system, chemicals were sorted into one of four bins. Chemicals able to be scored on all three

characteristics were scored as High, Moderate, or Low based on their available information. Chemicals with High or Moderate hazard or persis tence/bioaccumulation scores that could not be scored for exposure because of an absence of data, together with chemicals that could not be scored for hazard, were identified separately as pot ential candidates for information gathering.

This chemical candidate screening process is an interim evaluation only. It does not constitute a final Agency determination as to risk or as to whether sufficient data are available to characterize risk from specific chemicals on th e TSCA Work Plan. Inclusion of a chemical on the Work Plan does not constitute any finding of risk under TSCA. Th is screening process is intended only to support initial decisions to determine the relative priority fo r further assessments and to identify potential data needs for individual chemicals or chemical groups.

Hazard Score:

The Hazard Score encompasses both human health and environmental toxicity concerns. The specific hazard classification criteria are based on the Alternatives Assessment Criteria for Hazard

Evaluation developed by EPA’s Design for the Envir onment Program (DfE). The DfE criteria for classifying the toxicity of specific chemicals were developed from authoritat ive sources including the United Nation’s Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for Chemical Classification and Labeling and other EPA programs. The data determining the sc ore for each chemical were obtained through the data sources identified in Appendix A. The hazard data reviews on each chemical were not

exhaustive and do not rise to the level of assessmen ts. Chemicals were scored on the basis of readily available data, and no judgment was made concerning gaps in or completeness of the available data set for a given chemical.

The Hazard Score was determined based on 3 hazard levels, and each hazard level had a corresponding hazard rank (High-3, Moderate-2, and Low-1). The concentration ranges or characteristics that correspond with each haza rd level are listed in Table 1 below.

Candidate chemicals from Step 1 received a hazard rank score for each of the toxicity endpoints that were applicable ba sed on the data readily availabl e for each chemical. The highest

hazard rank score a chemical received for any single human health or environmental toxicity endpoint became its Hazard Score . If the review on a chemical pr oduced a High hazard score for any endpoint other than acute mammalia n toxicity or acute or chronic aquatic toxicity, data on other endpoints were not sought because they would not impact the existing High score.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

8 Table 1. Criteria for Determining Hazard Score
High Moderate Low Hazard Score

Ranking 3 2 1

Chemical X

Acute Mammalian Toxicity Oral LD50 (mg/kg) Dermal LD50 (mg/kg) Inhalation LC50 (gas/vapor) (mg/L) Inhalation LC50 (mist/dust) (mg/L/day) ≤ 50 - 300

≤ 200 - 1000

≤ 2 - 10

≤ 0.5 – 1.0 >300 - 2000

>1000 - 2000

>10 - 20

>1.0 - 5 >2000

>2000

>20

>5

(Highest score from any

toxicity category) Carcinogenicity GHS 1A, 1B,

GHS2 Limited animal Negative or

SAR Mutagenicity/Genotoxicity GHS 1A, 1B,

GHS 2 Positive in vivo

or in vitro Negative

Reproductive Toxicity Oral (mg/kg/day) Dermal (mg/kg/day) Inhalation (gas/vapor) (mg/L/day) Inhalation (mist/dust) (mg/L/day) <50

<100

<1

<0.1 50-250

100-500

1-2.5

0.1-0.5 >250

>500

>2.5

>0.5

Developmental Toxicity Oral (mg/kg/day) Dermal (mg/kg/day) Inhalation (gas/vapor) (mg/L/day) Inhalation (mist/dust) (mg/L/day) <50

<100

<1.0

<0.1 50 – 250

100 – 500

1.0 – 2.5

0.1 – 0.5 >250

>500

>2.5

>0.5

Neurotoxicity Oral (mg/kg-bw/day) 90- day (13 weeks) 40-50 days 28-days (4 weeks) Dermal (mg/kg-bw/day) 90- day (13 weeks) 40-50 days 28-days (4 weeks) < 10

< 20

< 30

< 20

< 40

< 60 10 – 100

20 – 200

30 – 300

20 – 200

40 – 400

60 – 600 > 100

> 200

> 300

> 200

> 400

> 600U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

9 High Moderate Low Hazard Score

Ranking 3 2 1
Chronic Toxicity Oral (mg/kg-bw/day) 90- day (13 weeks) 40-50 days 28-days (4 weeks) Dermal (mg/kg-bw/day) 90- day (13 weeks) 40-50 days 28-days (4 weeks) < 10

< 20

< 30

< 20

< 40

< 60 10 – 100

20 – 200

30 – 300

20 – 200

40 – 400

60 – 600 > 100

> 200

> 300

> 200

> 400

> 600

Respiratory Sensitization GHS 1A and 1B

Occurrence of respiratory sensitization;

Evidence supporting potential for respiratory

sensitization No evidence to

support potential for respiratory

sensitization

Acute Aquatic Toxicity (LC50 or EC50) (mg/L) < 1.0 – 10 > 10 - 100 > 100

Chronic Aquatic Toxicity (NOEC or LOEC) (mg/L) < 0.1 – 1 > 1 - 10 > 10

Hazard Score

Because the highest score from any individual en dpoint was taken as the total Hazard Score, a chemical was ranked as either 3 (High), 2 (Moderate), or 1 (Low) for hazard.

For the toxicity endpoints Acute Mammalian Toxicity, Reproductive Toxicity, Developmental Toxicity, Neurotoxicity, and Chroni c Toxicity a range of values for each Hazard Level was assigned. These values appear in the DfE Alternatives Assessment Criteria . In some cases DfE has 5 distinct hazard levels. For this analysis, the “Very High” a nd “High” levels from DfE were grouped together to represent High on this scale and DfE’s “Low” and “Very Low” levels were combined to form the

criteria for a Low rank.

The hazard levels for Carcinogenicity we re based on whether a chemical is a known, presumed, or suspected carcinogen (High); limited evidence of carcinogenici ty (Moderate); or noncarcinogenetic (Low). Note that the High score for carcinogenicity in Step 2 is broader than the criteria used in the Step 1 for carcinogenicity. The Step 1 factor specified that a chemical be classified as a known or probable carcinogen, equivalent to the GHS 1A or 1B classification, in order to be included in the screening program expressl y on the basis of carcinogenicity. For the purpose of further evaluating the Agency’s potential concern for chemical hazard in Step 2 of this screening process, however, EPA included presumed, suspecte d, or likely human carcinog enicity classifications – the equivalent of GHS 2 – as al so meriting a High hazard score.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

10 The hazard levels for Mutagenicity/Genotoxic ity were based on evid ence that heritable mutations are known to or may occur in human germ cells, or mutagenicity demonstrated in vivo and

in vitro (High); evidence of mutagenicity supported by in vivo or in vitro somatic cells of humans and animals (Moderate); or no evidence of chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations in reported studies (Low).

Respiratory Sensitization was based on GHS classi fications of respiratory sensitizers. Hazard

levels were based on whether there is occurrence of respiratory sensitization in humans or supporting evidence based on other tests, including the presence of structural alerts (High); or no evidence to support the potential for respiratory sensitization (Low). This endpoint was added to the prioritization template proposed in the August 2011 Discussion Guide following stakeholder comment that respiratory sensitization is particularly of interest to children’s health issues based on the increasing

trends of childhood asthma and other illnesses.

Environmental toxicity information was limited primarily to aquatic toxicity studies. If

information about environmental to xicity was available, it was an alyzed in conjunction with human toxicity information.

Chemicals that were scored as High for hazard only on the basis of acute mammalian toxicity

were further considered on the basi s of their classification for othe r human health endpoints. Where data on other health endpoints were available, the overall hazard scor e for the chemical was adjusted accordingly to reflect the highest remaining health endpoint. This was done because chemicals with high acute mammalian toxicity are ge nerally already regulated on the ba sis of that toxicity and are subject to handling and use controls intended to pr otect workers and others potentially coming into

contact with the chemical from harmful acute ex posures. Scoring those chemicals on the basis of

their other toxic effects was in tended to acknowledge that protect ion against effects from acute exposures would not necessarily protect against effects from other expos ures. If acute mammalian toxicity was the only available data endpoint for a chemical, the acute score remained as the overall

hazard score for the chemical.

Chemicals that scored as High for hazard only on the basis of acute or chronic aquatic toxicity but that did not present human heal th concerns were grouped separately as being of potential concern

for the environment.

If no hazard data were available on a chemical to provide a hazard score, the chemical was placed in a parallel prioritization category. These chemicals were clas sified as “Potential Candidates for Information Gathering.” (See page 16.) Creating a separate category ensured that chemicals with unknown toxicity would not be removed from further i nvestigation because there was a lack of data.

Exposure Score:

The Exposure Score was based on a combinati on of chemical use, general population and environmental exposure, and release information. The Use Type score incl uded consideration of consumer product applications as well as industrial and commercial uses that could result in widespread exposures. The General Population and Environmental Exposure score encompassed measured data on the presence of a chemical in biota and environmental me dia. The Release score

was based on EPA’s Toxics Releas e Inventory (TRI) data for chemi cals subject to TRI reporting. ForU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

11 non-TRI chemicals, the Release score was calcula ted using a method involving Inventory Update Reporting data (IUR, now called Chemical Data Reporting, or CDR), including production volume, number of sites, and type of use. Data used in the other two components of exposure scoring were obtained through the sources identified in Appendix B. The detailed description of how information from those sources was used to generate an exposure score appears in Appendix C.

Table 2. Exposure Score

Score

I. Use Type Ranking Criteria Use Score

3 Consumer product widely used, high likelihood of exposure

2 Consumer product narrow use, lower likelihood of exposure

1 Commercial use, indicating some likelihood of

exposure
0 No reported commercial use, indicating little to no likelihood of general exposure from use

II. General Population and Environmental Exposure Ranking Criteria + General Population

& Environmental Exposure 3 Present in biota (human, fish, animal or plant biomonitoring), OR measured in drinking water, indoor air, house dust

2 Not in biota, but reported present in 2 or more

environmental media

1 Reported present in 1 en vironmental medium

III. Release Score: Use III. A or III. B, As Appropriate

III

. A. Release Score for TRI Chemicals* + TRI Release Score Ranking Criteria

3 > 100,000 lbs/year

2 5,000 – 100,000 lbs/year

1 < 5,000 lbs/year

OR OR

III. B. Release Score for Non-TRI Chemicals + Non-TRI Release

ScoreU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

12 The III.B. Release Score for Non-TRI Chemicals was generated by normalizing the sum of the subset rankings for Produc tion Volume, Number of Sites, Industrial Processing and Use, and Commercial/Consumer Use differentiating betw een uses with high, moderate, and low potential for widespread releases, as shown below and described in detail in Appendix C:

Subset 1: IUR Production Volume PV

Ranking Criteria

3 ≥ 1,000,000 lbs/year

2 ≥ 500,000 – 999,999 lbs/year

1 < 500,000 lbs/year

Subset 2: IUR Number of Manufacturing, Processing, and Use Sites + Site #
Ranking Criteria

3 ≥ 1, 000

2 100 – 999

1 < 100

Subset 3: IUR Industrial Processing and Use (IPU) + Use1

Ranking Criteria

3 High potential for release

2 Moderate potential for release

1 Low potential for release

Subset 4: IUR Commercial Use (C) +Use2

Ranking Criteria

3 High potential for release

2 Moderate potential for releases

1 Low potential for release

Subtotal Surrogate Score =

Total Exposure Score **

* TRI data included in the exposure calculation were li mited to water, air, and n on-contained land releases. ** Total Exposure Score is the sum of the indivi dual scores for I, II, and III.A or III.B.

The criteria for exposure poten tial in the Use Types categor y were based on a chemical’s presence and characteristics of us e in consumer, commerci al, or industrial products as indicated in the data sources in Appendix B. Chemicals in cons umer products judged widely used with a high potential for exposure received the highest rank. Chemicals that are pr esent in consumer products but are more narrowly used and have lower likelihood of exposure were ranked as moderate. Chemicals that are not high or moderate but have commercial uses reported in IUR were ranked as low, acknowledging that such uses may present some poten tial for exposures not only to workers but also to the general population and the environment. Ch emicals with no commerci al use reported in IURU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

13 received a rank of zero. Further information on this approach and examples of ranking by use type are provided in Appendix C.

The data supporting ranking in the General Population and En vironmental Exposure category came from the databases and peer-reviewed studies in cluded in the list presented in Appendix B. The highest rank was based on presence in biota, because chemicals measured in humans, fish, animals, or plants demonstrate clear evidence of exposure; and on measured presence in indoor air, house dust, or drinking water, because presence in those spec ific media provides a stro ng indication of exposure potential. Presence in two or more environmenta l media indicates a reasonable potential for environmental exposure, which was the criteria fo r a moderate exposure ranking. Measured presence in one environmental medium provides some indicat ion of potential environmental exposure, and was given a low ranking.

The Release Score was determined in one of two ways. If the chemical was reported under TRI, the TRI data were used to infer potential for environmental and general population exposure. The breakdowns for the high, moderate and low ranks were based on a distribution of pounds released for the chemicals reporte d by industry in the database.

If no TRI data existed, a release score was calculated on the basis of IUR data using production volume, number of sites, and use codes cl assified according to how likely the uses were to result in releases. The descrip tion of how these non-TRI release scores were derived, along with examples of how IUR use codes were associated by EPA with high, moderate, or low potentials for release, appears in Appendix C. While a chemical ’s production volume, us e type, and number of manufacturing, processing, and indust rial use sites do not provide exposure data, they can be used as an indicator of potential releases and resulting pote ntial exposures.

All Exposure category scores were added up and then normalized on an overall HighModerate-Low scale. To prevent the prioritization process from bei ng biased unduly either toward or against data-rich chemicals, the normalization pr ocess differed depending on how many of the three categories – Use Type, General Population & Envir onmental Exposure, and Releases – had sufficient data to provide a score for the category.

For chemicals with scores in all three categorie s, “9” was the highest possible score, and the normalization scoring structure was:

Total Exposure Score

from Table 2 Overall Rank Normalized Overall Exposure Score 8 - 9 High 3

5 - 7 Moderate 2

2 - 4 Low 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

14 For chemicals with scores in only two of th e three categories, “6” was the highest possible score, and the normalizati on scoring structure was:

Total Exposure Score

from Table 2 Overall Rank Normalized Overall Exposure Score 5 - 6 High 3

3 - 4 Moderate 2

1-2 Low 1

In the absence of exposure data on chemicals sufficient to populate at least two of the exposure categories in Table 2 and produce a meani ngful score, such chemicals receiving moderate or high hazard scores, or that also could not be sc ored for hazard because of an absence of hazard data, were placed in a parallel prioritization categ ory. These chemicals were classified as “Potential Candidates for Information Gathering.” (See page 16.) EPA created this separate category to ensure

that chemicals with unknown toxi city or with known potential hu man health or environmental toxicity implications would not be removed from further investig ation simply because there was a lack of exposure information, an issue stakehol ders identified during th e webinar and discussion forum as being of concern.

Potential for Persistence/Bioaccumulation:

Chemicals received a separate score to rank their potenti al for persistence and/or

bioaccumulation. Persistent and bioaccumulative chem icals present special issues because organisms can remain exposed to them for a very long time and organisms higher up the food chain may be exposed to larger quantities of the chemicals th rough their food supply. EPA c onsiders it particularly important that these chemicals not be removed from consideration for further investigation simply because they may lack either hazard or exposure information, or both.

Persistence scoring consisted of the evaluation of the potential hal f-life in air, water, soil, and sediment while considering the expected parti tioning characteristics of the chemicals and all potential removal pathways ba sed on standard physical-chemical properties and environmental fate parameters. Data sources listed in Appendix B were searched to locate studies on biotic and abiotic transformation (e.g., biodegradation, hydrolysis, photolysis) in order to estimate half-lives for

the chemicals in the environment.

Bioaccumulation scoring consisted of evaluation of bioaccumulation/bioconcentration (measured or estimated BAF/BCF) data. When BAF data were not available, bioconcentration data (measured or estimated) were used to evaluate the potential for a chemical to bioaccumulate in organisms in the environment.

In the absence of test data establishing the chemical’s measured persistence or bioaccumulation potential, EPA used EPI SuiteTM version 4.10 to derive a ranking for the chemical. Specifically, BIOWIN, HYDROWIN, AOPWIN, BCF/BAF and Level III fugacity models were used to assess biodegradation, hydrolysis, atmosphe ric oxidation, bioaccumulation/bioconcentration and environmental partitioning.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

15 Table 5. Persistence/Bioaccumulation Potential

Overall Persistence/

Bioaccumulation Score

I. Persistence Ranking Criteria

Persistence 3 Half-life > 6 months

2 Half-life ≥ 2 months

1 Half-life < 2 months

II. Bioaccumulative Potential Ranking Criteria

+ Bioaccumulation 3 BCF or BAF > 5000

2 BCF or BAF ≥ 1000

1 < 1000

Total Persistence/

Bioaccumulation Score

These criteria for judging persistence and bi oaccumulation are the ones used in EPA’s New Chemicals program. The separate scores for persistence and bioaccumulation were added together to produce a total score, which was normalized as follows:

Persistence/Bioaccumulation Score Ranking Normalized P/B Score 5 - 6 High 3

3 - 4 Moderate 2

2 Low 1

Categorizing Candidates for Inclusion as TSCA Work Plan Chemicals

After the candidate chemicals in Step 1 rece ived normalized scores for Hazard, Exposure, and Persistence/Bioaccumulation, those scores were totaled to roughly group th e chemicals receiving scores in all three categories into Hig h, Moderate, and Low groupings as follows:

Normalized Total Score Ranking 7 - 9 High

4 - 6 Moderate

1 - 3 Low

Appendix D identifies the 83 candidate chemicals from Step 1 that received scores on all three ranking factors and ranked High on the basis of thei r total score, including human health hazard concerns, and provides a brief summary of the inform ation that produced that ranking. This table also includes chemicals that may not ha ve presented human health concer ns, but met all the criteria for identification as persistent, bioa ccumulative, and environmentally toxic chemicals. These are the TSCA Work Plan Chemicals, from which the Agen cy intends to select chemicals for near-term

review and assessment.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

16 EPA notes that some chemicals identified as High through this scoring system may not necessarily be practical candidate s for assessment under TSCA when other information is factored into the process. For example, the particular ri sks presented by certain chemicals may already be addressed by significant regulation u nder other statutes. One such example is quartz, which presents a hazard only in the context of silico sis from the inhalation of very fine crystalline dust particles, which could generally occur only during such occupational activities as sandblasting or stone cutting; these potential exposures are specifically controlled under regu lations issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Potential Candidates for Information Gathering

Chemicals that could not be scored for hazard, or that were scored as moderate or high for either hazard or for persistence/bioaccumulation but could not be scored for exposure, have been grouped separately. These chemicals may be potential candidates for informati on-gathering activities focused on producing sufficient information to determ ine where they would rank in the prioritization process. EPA may consider a variety of such information-gathering ac tivities, including both voluntary data submission and regulations issued under Sections 4 and 8 of TSCA.

Identifying Work Plan Chemicals fo r Risk Assessment in 2012 and Beyond

In identifying a smaller set of chemicals for work in any given year, EPA considers a number of factors, including:

 Whether the chemical was identified as a “High” ranking chemical.

 Whether the chemical reflects more than one of the factors identif ied in Step 1 (for example, chemicals that were identified as a potential concern for children’s health and also were persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic) and whether eac h of the factors was covered by the set of chemicals. These f actors included health and environmental hazards, children’s health, use in consumer products and dispersive uses, persistence and bioaccumulation, and detection in biomon itoring and environmental monitoring.

 Whether certain chemicals, or groups of chem icals, would benefit from some preliminary

work to assure that risk assessments are ta rgeted and scoped appropr iately, and therefore

would best be addres sed in an out year.

 Whether certain chemicals, or groups of chem icals, have previously been assessed and addressed by the Agency, so that risk assessm ent in later years may be more appropriate than in the earlier years of the work plan.

 Agency work load considerations, incl uding scope and timing of work needed on specific chemicals, and existing commitments for assessment.

For 2012, EPA identified an initial group of seve n chemicals, which can be found on the first page of the table in Appendix D. EPA will iden tify a group of chemicals each year for risk assessment, completing a number of risk assessments that year and initiati ng new assessments fromU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

17 the remaining chemicals on the work plan in the coming years. This spring, the Agency plans to identify specific chemicals for which it pl ans to conduct risk assessment in 2013 and 2014.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

18 APPENDIX A: Data Sources for Hazard Scoring

Data Sources for Hazard Scoring

Hazard Information (Data on all toxicological endpoints)

Providers/ Data

Source Description

USEPA: IRIS Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): http://www.epa.gov/iris/index.html

USEPA: HPVIS Hazard Characterizations prepared by EPA on chemicals in the High Production Volume Challenge Program (HPV): http://iaspub.epa.gov/oppthpv/hpv_hc_char acterization.get_report?doctype=2

Risk-Based or Hazard-Based Priori tizations prepared by EPA under the Chemical Assessment and Management Program (ChAMP): http://iaspub.epa.gov/oppthpv/exis tchem_hpv_prioritizations.report

USEPA: ISIS The Integrated Scientific Information Sy stem (ISIS) is a chemical relational database application originally de veloped by Molecular Design Limited (MDL) Information Systems and utilized by the EPA New Chemicals program; the EPA version of this databa se contains confidential information.

United Nations

World Health Organization: IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php

National Toxicology Program NTP Report on Carcinogens: http://ntp.niehs.nih. gov/?objectid=03C9AF75-

E1BF-FF40-DBA9EC0928DF8B15 NTP/CERHR Monographs on Potential Reproductive and Developmental

Effects: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/?objectid=974B2C24-030F-D308-

60E11D088F83FADB

Organization for

Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): eChem

Portal http://www.echemportal.org/echemporta l/substancesearch/pa ge.action?pageI

D=0

The OECD eChemPortal allows simu ltaneous searching of reports and datasets by chemical name and number and by chemical property. Direct links

to collections of chemical hazard and risk information prepared for government chemical review programs at national, regional and international

levels are obtained. Classification re sults according to national/regional hazard classification schemes or to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Ch emicals (GHS) are provided when available. The list of participati ng databases can be accessed here: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/s ubstancesearch/page .action;jsessio nid=1AB4C820B2D854B7FB9381877022B9F6?pageID=2U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

19 Hazard Information (Data on all toxicological endpoints)

Providers/ Data

Source Description

National Library of

Medicine Databases http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidheavy.jsp Accessed through ChemID Plus, search ing on a chemical name or ID produces results that are linked to all NLM databases, including:

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

ATSDR Public Health Statements

ATSDR Toxicological Profiles

ATSDR ToxFAQS

TSCATS The Toxic Substance Control Act Test Submission Database http://www.syrres.com/esc/tscats.htm

California Office of

Environmental

Health Hazard

Assessment Risk assessment documents prepar ed by OEHHA on certain Proposition 65 chemicals can be accessed through the li nks provided in the spreadsheet at: http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_l ist/files/P65lis t110411links.xlsx

USEPA - Ambient Water Quality

Criteria Documents http://www.epa.gov/waterscien ce/criteria/wqcriteria.html

USEPA - Drinking

Water Standards

Health Effects Support Documents http://www.epa.gov/safewater/standards.html

USEPA - ECOTOX

Database http://www.epa.gov/ecotox

IPCS Concise

International

Chemical

Assessment

Documents (CICADs) http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.htmlU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

20 APPENDIX B: Data Sources for Exposure Scoring

Data Sources for Exposure, Uses, and Environmental Fate (P and B) Scoring
Data Type Data Source

Uses Inventory Update Reporting and Ch emical Data Reporting (IUR/CDR) Premanufacture Notice (PMN) Database (confidential) Design for the Environment chemicals database (confidential) High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Submissions

EPA Hazard Characterizations and Risk Based Prioritizations OECD Screening Information A ssessment Profiles and Reports Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS) Documents

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Household Product Database

NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank NLM- Hazmap-Occupational e xposure to hazardous agents Source Ranking Database Chemical assessments by othe r governmental organizations Open literature

Environmental

releases Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) National Emission Inventory (NEI) Database U.S. EPA

NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank

General human

exposures, including indoor

air contaminants National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (CDC NHANES) Report to the California Legislatur e Indoor Air Pollution in California. http://www.arb.ca.gov/res earch/indoor/ab1173/rpt0705.pdf German Environmental Survey- chemicals in indoor air http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/gesundheite/ survey/index.htm

NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank Open Literature

Environmental

exposures National Air Quality System (AQS) U.S. EPA National Contaminant Occurrence Database (NCOD) U.S. EPA

Current National Recommended Wate r Quality Criteria U.S. EPA National Water-Quality Assessment Program (USGS NAWQA)

EPA Fish Tissue Studies Clean Air Act Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Clean Water Act Priority Pollutants Superfund Chemical Data Matrix EPA: Targeted National Se wage Sludge Survey Report

Groundwater chemicals Desk referen ce Chemicals in Groundwater Desk

reference 2007 EPA Drinking water Chemical contaminant lists New York State Ambient Air monitoring program California Air Resources Board (ambient air) Washington State Background Soil concentration study

NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank Open literatureU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

21 Data Type Data Source

Environmental

Fate (Persistence and Bioaccumulation) USEPA: HPVIS Hazard Characterizations prepared by EPA on chemicals in the High Production Volume Challenge Program (HPV): http://iaspub.epa.gov/oppthpv/hpv_hc_char acterization.get_report?doctype=2

Risk-Based or Hazard-Based Priori tizations prepared by EPA under the Chemical Assessment and Management Program (ChAMP): http://iaspub.epa.gov/oppthpv/exis tchem_hpv_prioritizations.report

Organization for Economic Cooperati on and Development (OECD): eChem

Portal http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/s ubstancesearch/page .action?pageID=

0 http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/s ubstancesearch/page .action;jsessioni d=1AB4C820B2D854B7FB9381877022B9F6?pageID=2

SRC Environmental Fate Databases http://www.srcinc.com/what-we-do/efdb.aspx

National Library of Medicine H azardous Substances Databank http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB

Japanese National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration of the Existing Chemical Substances

under the Chemical Substances Control Law NITE http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/ kizon/KIZON_start_hazkizon.htmlU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

22 APPENDIX C: Derivation of Exposure Scores for Use Types

and Release Scores for TRI and Non-TRI Chemicals

Criteria I: Use Type

A variety of use information was reviewed to determine whether chemicals were used for consumer, commercial, or industr ial purposes. At least two data sources were used to confirm consumer uses. For example, a reported use in EPA’s IUR alone was not deemed sufficient to identify a chemical as being in a consumer produc t. Also note that many chemicals are present in several different product use and functional use categories. All repor ted uses were considered, and the use with the highest exposur e potential informed the prioriti zation ranking. See Appendix B for

additional information on data sources.

Chemicals that were given a rank of three are believed to be pr esent in consumer products and have high potential for exposure due to widespread uses. Chemicals that received a high score have higher potential for exposure due to high likelihood of releases from the product (off-gassing) and high potential for direct contact during application or use based on close proximity. Examples of product criteria that have an increased likelihood of exposure include: produc ts that are not fully cured (chemical reaction is occurr ing on-site); products that are sp ray-applied or brush-applied; products that are liquids, gases, or otherwise have the potential to volatilize; product s that have the potential to off-gas, degrade, or otherwise emit chemicals over time; and products that have the potential to be incorrectly applie d or used also received a rank of three. Some organizations may identify higher exposure potential uses as being di spersive. Examples of pr oduct use categories that have this increased likelihood of exposure include: paints and coatings; adhesives, sealants, and elastomers; building materials such as insulation; soaps and detergents; hair care products; water treatment products; floor coverings; automotive care products; and arts, craf ts, and hobby materials.

Chemicals that were given a rank of two had moderate exposure. Chemicals that received a moderate score have moderate potential for expo sure because they may be present within a chemically stable matrix; have lo wer or slower likelihood of release from the product, and have more indirect or bystander exposure. There may be in creased distance and time between product sources and individual receptors. These chemicals may sl owly off-gas or partit ion to dust over time. Examples of product use categories include: plas tic and rubber products , electronics products, furniture, and foam seat ing and bedding products.

Chemicals were given a rank of one if at leas t one commercial use for that chemical was reported in IUR.

Chemicals that were not reporte d in IUR or were reported in IUR with industrial uses but no commercial or consumer uses were given a rank of zero for the use type criterion of exposure.

Criteria II: General & Environmental Exposure

A variety of data sources were used to comp ile information on chemicals present within the environment: ambient air, surface water, groundwater, drinking water, soil, indoor environments (air or dust), and chemicals present wi thin biota (humans, fish, animal s, or plants). Only a small percentage of all chemicals are actually measured fo r in various media for reasons such as a lack ofU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

23 adequate sampling and analytical methods and insufficient resources to collect data. Many of the

chemicals identified were not able to be ra nked for this criterion due to lack of data.

A summary of the number of chemicals identifie d in different media is provided below. Note that this compilation of chemicals is an initial effort based on readily available and publicly accessible data. It is not a complete or comprehens ive assessment of number of chemicals present in any given environmental or biologic al media. Approximately two-thirds of these chemicals are on the TSCA inventory while the other on e-third is not. Refer to Appendi x B for additional information on

data sources for each media.

Number of Chemicals Reported in Environmental Media
Occurrence of chemicals (by media) Number of chemicals

Surface water 401

Ground water 407

Ambient air 409

Soil 270

Indoor environments 300 Drinking water 247

Biota 360

Total 1215

Criteria III: Release Score

III. A. Release Scores for TRI Chemicals

The release score for each chemical was determined using the aggregated releases from the

TRI data fields listed in the fo llowing table. The 2008 TRI database was used for the chemical ranking scheme. A ranking of 3 was assigned for a sum of releases greater than 100,000 lb/yr, a ranking of 2 for a sum of releases greater than 5,000 lb but less than or equal to 100,000 lb/year, and a ranking of 1 for a sum of re leases less than 5,000 lb/yr.

2008 TRI Data Fields for Release Score

TRI Data Field Total Fugitive Air Emissions Wastew ater Treatment (Excluding POTWs) Total Stack Air Emissions Landfills/Disposal Surface Impoundments Total Surface Water Discharge Surface Impoundment Total Other On-Site Land Releases (Other Landfills) Other Landfills

Total Land Treatment Land Treatment Total Surface Impoundments Other Land Disposal Total Other Disposal Unknown

POTWs - Total Transfers - Metals Only RCRA Subtitle C Surface Impoundments (M66) Transfers To POTWs (Non-Metals) Other Surface Impoundments (M67) Transfers To POTWs (Metals And Metal Compounds)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

24 III. B. Release Scores for Non-TRI Chemicals

For chemicals not reported to TRI, 2006 IUR data were used to rank chem icals for potential to

be released to the environment. The release ra nking was derived based on at least three of the following four factors: (1) IUR Production Volume Ranking; (2) IUR Numb er of Manufacturing, Processing, and Use Sites Ranking; (3) IUR Industr ial and Downstream Processing and Use Ranking; and (4) IUR Commercial/Consumer Use Rankings.

Production Volume and Number of Sites Rankings

For the production volume ranking, data from th e non-CBI public IUR database were used to rank chemicals using the following cut-offs: grea ter than or equal to 1,000,000 lb/year for a high ranking of 3; less than 1,000,000 a nd greater than or equal to 500,000 lb/year for a medium ranking of 2; and less than 500,000 lb/y ear for a low ranking of 1.

The number of industrial sites ranking, data on manufacturing, processing, and use sites in non-CBI public IUR database were us ed to rank chemicals using the following cut-offs: greater than or equal to 1,000 sites for a high ra nking of 3; less than 1,000 and grea ter than or equal to 99 sites for a medium ranking of 2; and less than 100 sites for a low ranking of 1.

Industrial Processing and Use (IPU) Ranking

For the industrial processing and use ranking, EPA examined the following codes reported under IUR for each chemicals (see the table of sample categories, below): North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code, Process or Use code, and the Industrial Function Category. Each 3-code combination was assigned a ranking (high/moderate/low) based on the potential to be released during the industrial processing/use and downstream use. The Agency ranked each 3-code combination using expert judgment, generic scenar ios, and past experience with new and existing

chemical assessment. The 3-code combination with highest ranking was used as the score for the IPU ranking for the chemical.

The resulting industrial rankings were modified based on whether the chemical was reported as site-limited by all IUR submitters of that chem ical or whether industrial uses may have been required to be reported in IUR. Site-lim ited chemicals were given an IPU Ranking of 1.

Under the IUR, reporters had an option to i ndicate if industrial pr ocessing and use (IPU) information was not applicable to their chemical; if all reporters of a chem ical indicated that the industrial processing and use info rmation was not applicable, EPA assumed there was no such use and assigned a low ranking of 1. For chemicals with an IPU ranking of 1 or 2 that had one or more IPUs reported as “NRO,” the rankings were deve loped based solely on reported IPUs. No ranking was developed for chemicals with all IPUs reporte d as “NRO.” EPA assigned a high ranking of 3 for chemicals with at least one reported IPU code with a high potential for widespread releases.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

25 Sample of 2006 IUR Industrial Proce ssing and Use Reporting Categories Industrial Function Categories Industrial Processing or Use Small Sample of

NAICS

Adsorbents and absorbents Processing as a reactant Petrochemical manufacturing Adhesives and binding agents Processing – incorporation into formulation, mixture or reaction product Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing

Aerosol propellants Processing – incorporation into article Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticide) Processing – repackaging Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing Anti-adhesive agents Use - non-incorporative activities Fertilizer manufacturing Bleaching agents Paint and coating manufacturing

Coloring agents, dyes Printing ink manufacturing

Coloring agents, pigments Plastics bottle manufacturing

Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling

agents Tire manufacturing

Fillers Cement manufacturing

Fixing agents Abrasive product manufacturing

Flame retardants Ferrous metal foundries

Flotation agents Electric power generation

Fuels

Functional fluids

Intermediates

Lubricants

Odor agents

Oxidizing agents

pH-regulating agents

Photosensitive chemicals

Plating agents and metal surface treating

agents Processing aid, not otherwise listed

Process regulators, used in vulcanization or polymerization processes Process regulators, other than polymerization or vulcanization

processes Reducing agents

Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)

Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture) Solvents (for chemical manufacture and processing and are not part of product at greater than one percent by weight)

Stabilizers

Surface active agents

Viscosity adjustors

OtherU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

26 Commercial Use (C) Release Ranking

For the commercial use ranking, EPA examined each IUR Commercial Use Code reported for the chemicals and assigned a ranking based on thei r potential to be releas ed during use. For the purpose of this screening exercise, it was assume d that all the “C” use codes in the 2006 IUR included commercial uses. The Agency used pa st experience in new and existing chemical assessments of similar chemicals and exposure scenar ios, coupled with expert judgment, to examine each use to place the chemical in a high, moderate , or low ranking. The use code with the highest ranking was used as the score for the commercial use ranking for the chemical.

The following table lists samples of rankings asso ciated with certain uses. Commercial uses considered likely to result in ai r and/or water releases were assi gned a high ranking score of 3. Uses with low or no potential for releas es were given a low score of 1. Th e rest of the uses were given a

score of 2.

Under the IUR, reporters had an option to indicate if commercial/consumer information was not applicable to their chemical. If all reporters of a chemical indicated that the commercial/consumer information was not applicable, EPA assumed there was no commercial use of the chemical, resulting in a low ranking (i.e., score of 1). For chemicals with a ranking of 1 or 2 that had one or more commercial/consumer uses reported as “not readily obtainable” (NRO) or “Others,” rankings were developed based solely on the remaining reported us es. No ranking was developed for chemicals with all commercial/consumer uses reported as “NRO” Or “Others.” EPA assigned a High ranking of 3 for chemicals with at least one reported C code with a high potential for widespread releases. If multiple uses were reported, EPA referred to the use c ode that resulted in the highest ranking.

2006 IUR Commercial Use Categories

2006 IUR Commercial Use

C01 Adhesives and sealants C02 Agricultural products (non-pesticide) C03 Artists’ supplies C04 Automotive care products C05 Electrical and electronic products C06 Fabrics, textiles and apparel C07 Glass and ceramic products C08 Lawn and garden products (non-pesticide) C09 Leather products C10 Lubricants, greases and fuel additives C11 Metal products C12 Paints and coatings C13 Paper products C14 Photographic supplies C15 Polishes and sanitation goods C16 Rubber and plastic products C17 Soaps and detergents C18 Transportation products

C19 Wood and wood furnitureU.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

27 Scoring Releases for Non-TRI Chemicals

The four ranking scores de scribed above – Production Volume (PV), Number of Sites, Industrial Processing and Use (IP U) ranking, and Commer cial Use (C) ranking – were added to develop the release score for non-TR I chemicals. When either IPU or C could not be scored, but all the other factors could be scored, the release sc ore was derived based on the remaining three ranking

scores. If neither the IPU nor th e C codes could be scored, no re lease score was assigned to the

chemical.

When all four sub-scores were available, the possible total scor e ranged from 4 to 12, and the

non-TRI Release scores were ranked as follows: High (3) = 9 - 12 Moderate (2) = 7 - 8 Low (1) = 4 - 6

When only three out of the four sub-scores we re available (if either IPU or C could not be scored), the possible total score ranged from 3 to 9, and the non-TRI Release scores were ranked as

follows: High (3) = 7 - 9 Moderate (2) = 5 - 6 Low (1) = 3 – 4

The Non-TRI Release score for each chemical was added to the other exposure component scores to derive the Total Exposure Score, as described in th e body of this paper.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency February 2012

28 APPENDIX D: The TSCA Work Plan ChemicalsU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012TSCA Work Plan ChemicalsChemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRN2012 Work Plan ChemicalsAntimony & AntimonyCompoundsPossible human carcinogenDevelopmental andreproductive toxicityAcute and chronic toxicityfrom inhalation exposures3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air andsoilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrialCategory1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro4,6,6,7,8,8,-hexamethylcyclopenta [g]-2-benzopyran(HHCB)Developmental toxicity 2 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoringEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerDispersive1222-05-5Long-chain chlorinated paraffins(C18-20)Chronic toxicity to targetorgans including the liver,kidneys and thyroidAquatic toxicity2 Used in commercial/industrial productsPresent in biomonitoring, surface waterand soil2 High environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 IndustrialDispersiveCategoryMedium-chain chlorinatedparaffins (C14-17)Chronic toxicity to targetorgans including the liver,kidneys and thyroidAquatic toxicity2 Used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment2 High environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrialCategoryMethylene chloride Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, indoorenvironments, ambient air, groundwaterand soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial75-09-2N-Methylpyrrolidone Reproductive toxicity 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water and indoorenvironmentsHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial872-50-4Trichloroethylene(TCE)Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, indoorenvironments, surface water, ambientair, groundwater and soil3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial79-01-6TheTSCAWorkPlanChemicalsMethodsDocument(39pp.,264KB)explainsthehazard,exposure,andpersistence/bioaccumulationcriteria,thedatasourcesused,andhowchemicalswerescored.1U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNAdditional Work Plan Chemicals (alphabetical order)Acetaldehyde Possible human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, indoorenvironments, ambient air andgroundwaterHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial75-07-0Acrylonitrile Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air and groundwaterHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial107-13-1tert-Amyl methyl ether Chronic toxicityCentral nervous systemeffectsPotential carcinogenicity tospecific target organs2 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, surface waterand ambient airEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial994-05-8Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone(Pigment Violet 29)Aquatic toxicity 3* Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial81-33-4Arsenic & Arsenic Compounds Known human carcinogenNeurotoxicityCentral nervous systemeffectsAcute and chronic toxicityfrom inhalation exposures3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air andsoilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrialCategoryAsbestos & Asbestos-like Fibers Known human carcinogenAcute and chronic toxicityfrom inhalation exposures3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in indoor environments3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrialCategoryBenzenamine Probable human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in ambient air, groundwater andsoilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial62-53-32U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNBenzene Known human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial71-43-2Benzo[a]pyrene Known human carcinogen 3 Present in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soil2 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 DispersiveIndustrial50-32-8Benzo(a)anthracene Probable human carcinogen 3 Present in biomonitoring, indoorenvironments, surface water, ambientair, groundwater and soil2 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 DispersiveIndustrial56-55-31-Bromopropane Possible human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, indoorenvironments, surface water, ambientair, groundwater and soilEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial106-94-5Butanamide, 2,2'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'- biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[N-(4-chloro-2,5 -dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-(Pigment Yellow 83)Acute toxicity 2 Used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrial5567-15-7Butanamide, 2-[(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl) azo]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-(Pigment Yellow 65)Aquatic toxicity 3* Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Consumer 6528-34-34-sec-Butyl-2,6-di-tertbutylphenolChronic toxicity 2 Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial17540-75-9Cadmium & CadmiumCompoundsKnown human carcinogenChronic cardiovascular, renaland musculoskeletal effectsAcute and chronic toxicityfrom inhalation exposures3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air andsoilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrialCategory3U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNCarbon tetrachloride Probable human carcinogen 3 Used in commercial/industrial productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment2 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Industrial 56-23-5p-Chloro-o-toluidine Probable human carcinogen 3 Present in biomonitoring, surface waterand soil2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Industrial 95-69-2Chromium & ChromiumCompoundsKnown human carcinogenReproductive toxicityDevelopmental toxicityAcute and chronic toxicityfrom inhalation exposures3 Used in commercial/industrial productsPresent in ambient airHigh reported releases to theenvironment2 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 Industrial CategoryCobalt & Cobalt Compounds Cardiovascular and centralnervous system effectsAcute and chronic toxicityfrom inhalation exposures3 Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, surface water,ambient air and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 Industrial CategoryCreosotes Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 Industrial 8001-58-9Cyanide Compounds(Limited to dissociablecompounds)NeurotoxicityReproductive toxicityCentral nervous systemeffects3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, surface waterand soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrialCategoryDibenz(a,h)anthracene Probable human carcinogen 3 Present in indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soil2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 Dispersive 53-70-3Dibromochloromethane Possible human carcinogen 3 Present in biomonitoring, surface water,ambient air and soil2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Industrial 124-48-14U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRN3,3'-DichlorobenzidinedihydrochlorideProbable human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsRelatively small reported releases tothe environment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial612-83-91,1-Dichloroethane Mutagenicity 2 Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air,groundwater and soilModerate reported releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial75-34-31,2-Dichloroethane Possible human carcinogen 3 Used in commercial/industrial productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial107-06-21,2-Dichloropropane Acute mammalian toxicity 2 Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial78-87-5trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene Chronic toxicity 2 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air,groundwater and soil3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial156-60-5p-Dichlorobenzene Possible human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, ambientair, surface water, groundwater and soilModerate reported releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial106-46-75U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNo-Dichlorobenzene Chronic toxicity 2 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air and groundwaterModerate reported releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial95-50-1Dichloroacetic acid Possible human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial79-43-61,2-Dimethoxyethane(Monoglyme)Reproductive toxicityDevelopmental toxicityChronic toxicity3 Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial110-71-41,4-Dioxane Possible human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in groundwater, ambient air andindoor environmentsHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial123-91-1Ethanone, 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- 2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-Aquatic toxicity 3* Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrial54464-57-2Ethanone, 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro- 2,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-Aquatic toxicity 3* Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrial54464-59-4Ethanone, 1-(1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8aoctahydro- 2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-Aquatic toxicity 3* Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial68155-66-8Ethanone, 1-(1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8aoctahydro- 2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-Aquatic toxicity 3* Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial68155-67-96U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNEthylbenzene Possible human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial100-41-4Ethylene dibromide Probable human carcinogen 3 Used in commercial/industrial productsPresent in drinking water, indoorenvironments, surface water, ambientair, groundwater and soilRelatively small reported releases tothe environment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial106-93-4bis(2-Ethylhexyl) adipate Possible human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water and indoorenvironmentsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial103-23-1bis(2-Ethylhexyl) -3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate(TBPH)Developmental toxicityAcute and chronic aquatictoxicity2 Used in consumer productsPresent in indoor environmentsEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial26040-51-72-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(TBB)Developmental toxicityAcute and chronic aquatictoxicity2 Used in consumer productsPresent in indoor environments and soil3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial183658-27-7Formaldehyde Known human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in indoor environments,drinking water, ambient air andgroundwaterHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial50-00-0Hexabromobiphenyl Possible human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in ambient air and soil2 High environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 Industrial 36355-01-8Hexachlorobutadiene Possible human carcinogen 3 Present in indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilRelatively small reported releases tothe environment1 High environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 Industrial 87-68-37U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNHexachlorocyclohexane Possible human carcinogen 3 Present in biomonitoring and surfacewater2 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 Industrial 608-73-11-Hexadecanol Chronic toxicity 2 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in surface water, ambient airand soilEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial36653-82-4Lead & Lead Compounds NeurotoxicityDevelopmental toxicityReproductive toxicity3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrialCategoryMercury & Mercury Compounds NeurotoxicityDevelopmental toxicityChronic nervous system andhepatic effects3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrialCategory4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)Known human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in ambient airRelatively small reported releases tothe environment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial101-14-4Naphthalene Possible human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial91-20-32-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-[(4-chloro-5-methyl-2-sulfophenyl) azo]-3-hydroxy-,calcium salt (1:1)(Pigment Red 52)Aquatic toxicity 3* Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial17852-99-28U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNNickel & Nickel Compounds Known human carcinogenAcute and chronic toxicityfrom inhalation exposures3 Used in consumer productsPresent in ambient airHigh reported releases to theenvironment2 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrialCategoryN-Nitrosodiethylamine Probable human carcinogen 3 Present in biomonitoring, surface water,and ambient air, groundwater and soilRelatively small reported releases tothe environment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Industrial 55-18-5N-Nitrosodimethylamine Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, surface water,ambient air, groundwater and soil3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial62-75-9N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Probable human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in surface water, groundwaterand soilRelatively small reported releases tothe environment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial86-30-6Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Reproductive toxicity 2 Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments and surfacewaterEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial556-67-24-tert-Octylphenol4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenolAquatic toxicity 3* Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring and drinkingwaterEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 High environmentalpersistenceModerate bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial140-66-9p,p'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonylhydrazide)Reproductive toxicityMutagenicity3 Used in consumer productsEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Consumer 80-51-3Pentabromophenol Acute toxicity 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in surface water and soil2 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Industrial 608-71-9Phthalic anhydride Respiratory sensitizer 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in groundwater and ambient airHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial85-44-99U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRNPolychlorinated naphthalenes Acute dermal toxicityChronic liver effects1 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring3 High environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 Industrial CategoryQuartz (Respirable forms only) Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking waterEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial14808-60-7Styrene Possible human carcinogenCentral nervous systemeffects3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial100-42-51,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene Chronic toxicity 3 Present in ground water and soil 1 Moderate environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 Industrial 95-94-3Tetrachloroethylene(PERC)Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, ambientair, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerDispersiveIndustrial127-18-4Tribromomethane(Bromoform)Probable human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air andgroundwaterModerate reported releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial75-25-21,1,2-Trichloroethane Possible human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air, andgroundwater and soilModerate reported releases to theenvironment3 High environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial79-00-5Triglycidyl isocyanurate Reproductive toxicityMutagenicityAcute toxicity from inhalationexposures3 Widely used in consumer productsEstimated to have high releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial2451-62-910U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyFebruary2012Chemical Name Hazard Criteria MetHazardScore Exposure Criteria MetExposureScorePersistence &Bioaccumulation CriteriaMetPersistence &BioaccumulationScore Use CASRN2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylphenol Chronic toxicity and livereffects2 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in indoor environmentsEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceHigh bioaccumulationpotential3 ConsumerIndustrial732-26-3Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP)MutagenicityLimited evidence ofcarcinogenicity2 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water and indoorenvironmentsEstimated to have moderate releases tothe environment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial115-96-8Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate(TBP)Probable human carcinogen 3 Widely used in consumer productsRelatively small reported releases tothe environment2 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 Consumer 126-72-7Vinyl chloride Known human carcinogen 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in drinking water, indoorenvironments, surface water, ambientair, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Moderate environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential2 ConsumerIndustrial75-01-4m-Xylene Reproductive toxicityDevelopmental toxicity3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air,groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial108-38-3o-Xylene Chronic toxicity 3 Used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, indoor environments, surfacewater, ambient air, groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial95-47-6p-Xylene Reproductive toxicity 3 Widely used in consumer productsPresent in biomonitoring, drinkingwater, surface water, ambient air,groundwater and soilHigh reported releases to theenvironment3 Low environmentalpersistenceLow bioaccumulationpotential1 ConsumerIndustrial106-42-3Note: An asterisk (*) in the Hazard Score column indicates the score is based solely on aquatic (environmental) toxicity.11