# •

• PART 8 GROUND WATERMONITORING This part of the checklist/questionnaire is applicable to any person who owns or operates a surface impoundment, landfill, land treatment or waterpile (final status) facility which is used tomanage hazardous waste and therefore is required to'maintain a ground watermonitoring network. The ground watermonitoring checklist/questionnaire consists offive subparts listed as follows: 1. Hydrogeologic Characterization 2. Ground Water Monitoring Network 3. Monitoring Well Installation and Construction 4. Field Inspection 5. Water Quality Results All five subparts apply to interim status facilities and detection monitoring programs under final status. The technical information requirements to assess the adequacy of a ground water monitoring program are the same for an interim status facility and a detection monitoring program under final status. Therefore, even thoughmanyof the questions in these subparts reference, final status regulations, they are also required, on a technical basis, to assess interim status ground watermonitoringprograms. A ground water assessment checklist (for interim status facilities where ground water contaminationhas been detected) and additional subparts for final status ground water monitoring requirements will be added later. Note that in many instances more than one of each subpart may be required for a facility inspection. For example, a facility may have three different kinds of well constructions, thus, three monitoring well installation and construction checklist/questionnaires may be appropriate. Subpart 4, Field Inspection is filled out at the facility during the compliance inspection. Whenever possible copies ofdrawings and figures listed in the checklist/questionnaire shouldbe obtained and attached. These mayinclude but are not limited to: 1.. An as-built drawing and geologic log (on one figure) for each monitoring well. 2. Water table and potentiometric maps 3. Hydrogeologic profiles 4. Site maps such as topographic maps, well locationmaps, surface water and drainage maps, etc. 5. Tabulatedwater quality data. Note that the federal regulations are referenced in the checklist/questionnaire for interim status facilities and state regulations are referenced for final status facilities. 

# • Space for additional remarks is available at the end ofthe checklist. -k**~k i~** 

# * "k "k

## ***~k** ;'\ 7,

## * "k "k

## * * * *** "I,

## * "k

## * ",/,

## **

# *** *** * * * *** i'(

## * * *

# *1. HYDROGEOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION A. Regional Hydrogeology (WAC -806(4)(xx)(B)) • Yes No

# o

a. Is the regional hydrogeology and its relationship. to the facility characterized? Ifyes, what data sources have been used to characterize the regional hydrogeology? (i) Published and other technical reports? Specify the reports used:

(ii) Waterwell logs? (iii) Geotechnical borings?

(iv) Climatic records?

(v) Surface water records? (vi) On-site geologic mapping? (vii) Other (specify)?

b. Is the on-site and off-site ground**w~ter** use characterized? Ifyes, does the**chara~terization** include the following: (i) A mapshowing ground waterproduction wells and other wells (e.g. neighboring monitoring wells) relative to the site? (WAC -806(4)(a) (xviii)(1) (ii) Well logs for all wells (ifavailable)? (iii) Use and use rates for all production wells? - 2 - 

# o

# •

• (iv) Pumping and static water levels? (v) Effect of on-site and off-site pumping on the ground water flow direction? c. Does the regional hydrogeologic characterization include the following: (i) Identification of the principal aquifers (i.e. aquifers being used orwhich have potential use) that may be potentially affected by the site? (WAC -806(4)(x)(B) Remarks:
(ii) Hydrogeologic profiles showing the relationship ofthe facility to the principle aquifers? Remarks:
(iii) Water table contour and/or potentiometric maps for the principle aquifers? Remarks:

B. Site Hydrogeology a. List the pertinent hydrologic and geologic investigations ongoing or completed at the facility: 

# • Month/Year Description ofWorkOngoing or Completed (Obtain copies ofall reports)

- 3 -b. Is a site map (or site maps) available that shows the following: (WAC -806(4)(a)(xviii) (i) Waste management areas? (ii) Monitoring well locations? (iii) Site topography?

(iv) Surface water features and drainage?

(v) On-site water supply wells? (vi) Pertinent engineered structures and operational units? (vii) Is the scale of the mapappropriate? Scale used: (viii) North arrow? (ix) Legal boundaries?

(x) Access controls (e.g. roads, fences) (xi) Surface and buried utilities? (xii) Barriers to drainage? c. Are the following characteristics of the uppermost aquifer (uppermost monitorable saturated zone) defined: (WAC 806(4)(x)(B) (i) Aquifer materials (sand, sandy [ravel, sandstone, etc.) Specify (ii) Thickness and lateral extent? Remarks:



### - 4 - 

# G

()

## .. 

# •

•

• (iii) Continuity beneath and adjacent to the site? Remarks:
(iv) Water-table contour maps and potentiometric maps that show ground water flow directions? Remarks:
(v) Seasonal variation of ground water flow directions? Remarks:
(vi) Effect of ground water use on the ground water flow directions? Remarks:
(vii) Hydraulic conductivity/transmissivity including lateral and vertical variations? Which of the following methods were used to determine hydraulic conductivity/ transmissivity a)**Es~imates** from grain size analyses Describe

- 5 -b) Laboratory tests (permeameter tests) Describe 

# c

c) Slug tests Describe
d) Pumping tests Describe
e) Other Describe


# ---------------- (viii) Methods used to evaluate slug tests, pumping tests, etc. Remarks:
(ix) Effective porosity?

(x) Storage**coefficie~t** including lateral and vertical variations? (xi) Interaction with surface water? 

# c

e. Has the relationship of the uppermost aquifer to underlying aquifers been characterized? (WAC -806(4)(xx)(B))

- 6 -

# '.' 

# •

•

• Ifnot, explain

Ifyes, does the characterization include the following: (i) Thickness and extent oflow permeability layers separating the aquifers? Remarks:
(ii) Hydraulic conductivity ofthe low permeability layers? Remarks:
(iii) Relative hydraulic heads ofthe uppermost aquifer and the underlying aquifers? Remarks:

f. Have the underlying aquifers been characterized? (WAC -806(4)(xx)(B) Ifyes, does the characterization of the underlying aquifers include the following: (i) Description of aquifer materials (e.g. sandy gravel, fractured sandstone, etc.)? Describe:



### - 7 -(ii) Thickness and lateral extent? (iii) Continuity beneath and adjacent to the site?

(iv) Water-table contourmaps and potentiometric maps that show ground water flow directions? (v) Seasonal variation of ground water flow directions? (vi) Effect of ground water use on ground water flow directions? (vii) Hydraulic conductivity/transmissivity including lateral and vertical variations? Which ofthe following methods were used to determine the hydraulic conductivity/ transmissivity. a) Estimates from grain size analyses Describe:
b) Laboratory tests (permeameter tests) Describe:
c) Slug tests Describe:
d) Pump tests Describe:

- 8 - 

# '.



# ..

# • e) Other Describe:



# •

• (viii) Methods used to evaluate slug tests, pumping tests, etc.? (ix) Effective porosity?

(x) Storage coefficient or specific yield including lateral and vertical variations? (xi) Interaction with surface water?



### - 9 -2. GROUND WATERMONITORINGNETWORK (265.91. WAC -806(4)(xx)E. -645(8) A. Is a site mapavailable that shows the location of the monitoring wells relative to the waste management areas? B: Upgradient/background monitoring wells. (265.91(a)(1). WAC -645(8)(a)(i» a. Are upgradient/background monitoring wells designated to determine background water quality? Howmanybackground wells? b. Are these wells hydraulically upgradient from the facility? Ifnot. howwere the well locations determined?

c. Are the wells screened over the appropriate saturated zone? Describe:

d. Are the wells placed so they are not affected by the active portion? Descri.be.:

e. If ground water mounding is known to occur beneath the facility. could this influence the water quality ofupgradient/background wells? Describe: Yes No

# c

C)

f. Are wells downgradient.ofother activities (i.e. non DW) that are known to have affected ground water quality? - 10 - 

# ()

# • C. Downgradientmonitoring wells. (265.91(a)(2), WAC -645(8)(a)(ii)) a. Specify the number ofdowngradient wells installed at eachmanagement unit? . 

# ------------- b. Are the downgradient wells screened in the same zone as the upgradient wells? Remarks:

c. Are all downgradient morit.oring wells screened over the appropriate saturated intervals? (e.g. at the appropriate depth within the uppermost monitorable zone) Describe: 

# • d. Is the well spacing adequate to detect contaminant migration?. Ifnot, where should add1tional wells be installed?



# • e. Is the ground water flow direction verified at least annually to ensure that the wells are adequately placed? (265.93(f), WAC -645(9)(e)) f. Do the monitoring wells show water level variations due to seasonal or hydraulic (e.g. tidal) fluctuations? Remarks:



### - 11 -3. MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION (WAC -645(8)(a) and (c), 265.91(c)) A. Are separate as-built drawings and geologic logs available for each monitoring well? Remarks:


### B. Were all monitoring wells installed and constructed similarly? . Ifnot, a separate well installation and construction checklist should be filled out for each type of installation and construction method. Remarks: Yes No 

# c

C. Well installations for wells through a. Circle the drilling method used to install the monitoring wells: 1) hollow-stem auger, 2) cable tool, 3) top-drive air rotary, 4) duwnhole air rotary, 5) mudrotary, 6) solid-stem auger, 7) jetting, 8) driving, 9) other**(sp~cify)** Ifmudrotary was used specify the kind of drilling fluid used. If air rotary was used, were in-line filters installed to remove oil from the compressed air?

- 12 - 

# ()

# • Remarks:

For other drilling methods, were any fluids added to the hole at any time during drilling or installation? Ifyes, explain.

b. Circle the soil sampling methods used during drilling. 1) grab, 2) split-spoon sampler, 3) shelby tube, 4) D&M sampler, 5) other, explain 

# • c . Describe the soil sampling interval.



# • d. Was the well logged by an experienced geologist, hydrogeologist, or soils engineer? Who?

e. Was the drilling equipment decontaminated prior to arriving on-site? Describe the decon method.

f. Were the drill, drilling equipment, and temporary casing decontaminated betweenborings?

- 13 -Describe the decon method.

g. Was the sampling equipment decontaminated between samples? Describe the decon method.

D. Monitoring Well Construction for Wells through

___ (WAC -400(3)(c)(v), 

### -645(8)(c), 265.91(c)) a.**Wa~** the well construction.supervisedby an experienced hydrogeologist, geologist, or soils engineer? Who? 

# c

b. Circle the type of completion: 1) single well 2) nests (or clusters) ofwells in separate boreholes, 3) multiple wells in a single borehole, 4) multiportsampler, 5) other (specify) 

# ()

c. Circle the casing materials used: 1) teflon, 2) stainless steel 304, 3) SCH 40 PVC, 4) SCH 80 PVC, 5) ABS, 6) carbonsteel, 7) other (specify)

d. Circle the type of cour1ing used: 1) flush-threaded 2) bell, 3) regularpipe, 4) other (specify)

- 14 - 

# ()

# • e. Circle the screenmaterial used: 1) teflon, 2) stainless steel 304, 3) SCH 40 PVC, 4) SCH 80 PVC, 5) ABS, 6) carbon steel, 7) other (specify)



# •

• f. Describe the type ofbottomplug used. g. Were any glues or solvents used in the well construction? Ifyes, specify

_ h. Was a gravel pack installed? Ifyes, (i) Describe the material, its source, and the method of installation.
(ii) Is a grain size distribution of the gravel pack available? (iii) Was the top of the gravel packmeasured before the backfilling or the well seals were installed? Remarks: i. Were well seals installed? Ifyes, describe the type of seal and the method of installation. (For cement grouts specify the water/cement ratio, bentonite/cement ratio, etc.)

- 15 -j. Werebentonite pellets placed in the unsaturated zone? Ifyes, were the pellets hydrated (wetted) after they were installed? k. Was the well seal installationmethod appropriate? Remarks:

1. Are the wells properly constructed to prevent contamination of the samples, the sampled waterbearing zones, and between aquifers and waterbearing zones? (WAC -400(3)(c)(v), -645(8)(c) Remarks:



### m. Were samples taken of all materials used inwell installation (grout, sand pack, bentonite, well material, etc.)? Remarks: 

# C)

E. Well Development for Wells through a. Were the monitoring wells developed? b. Circle the well developmentmethod: 1) Air lift, 2) pumping, 3) overpumping, 4) bailing, 5) surge block, 6) raw hiding, 7) other**(~~_cify)**

c. Describe the equipment used for development.

- 16 -

# • d. Describe the duration ofdevelopment.



# •

• e. What was the volume ofwater and sediment removed during development? f. Was the development continued until the purged water at all wells was sediment free? Ifnot, explain

g. Was the well development adequate? Ifnot, explain h. Were well yields measured? Ifyes, for which wells

i. Were drawdowns and recovery measured during water yield determinations? Ifyes, specify:

- 17 -

### 4. 

### FIELD INSPECTION A. Sampling and Analysis Plan (265.92(a), WAC -645(8) (d) and (e)) a. Are all wells to be sampled identified in the plan? Remarks:

b. Are all the appropriate parameters to be sampled and tested identified in the plan? Remarks:

c. Are procedures for purging the wells prior to sample collection specified? Remarks: Yes No

d. Dothese procedures adequately identify: (i) The equipment that will be used for evacuation? Remarks: (ii) Method of decontaminating equipment betweenwells? Remarks: (iii) Depth(s) in well orborehole from which water will be evacuated? Remarks: (iv) Pumping rate and duration (or amount as appropriate)? Remarks: - 18 - 

# (\

# • (v) Special procedures as necessary for evacuation "prior to sampling separate phases of immiscible

contaminants? Specify:

e. Are these procedures identified for well evacuation appropriate? Ifnot, what aspects ofthe specified procedures are not appropriate and require correction? 

# • f . Dothe procedures specified for actual collection of ground water samples from the well adequately identify: (i) Equipment that will be used to collect the sample from the well? (ii) Method of decontaminating equipment between wells? (iii) Depth(s) in the well from which the sample will be taken? (iv) Time between"well evacuation and sample collection? (v) Special procedures as necessary for collecting samples from separate phases of immiscible contaminants? 

# • g. Are appropriate procedures and equipment identified for the collection of samples?

- 19 -Ifnot, what aspects of the identified procedures are not appropriate and require correction?

h. Dothe sampling procedures clearly identify: (i) Sample containers? (ii) Filtering procedures? (iii) Preservationprocedures?

(iv) Chain ofCustody?

(v) Transfer and transport blanks? (vi) Other

i. Are these procedures adequate? Ifnot, what aspects ofthese procedures are not adequate and require correction?

j. Dothe sampling and analysis procedures identify analytical procedures? k. Dothese analytical procedures specify analytical methods for each parameter?

- 20 - 

# c

()

# • 1. Are these procedures appropriate? Ifnot, what aspect ofthe procedures are not adequate and require correction?

m. Are QA and QC procedures described? n. Are these procedures adequate? Ifnot, what aspect oftheprocedures are not adequate and require co:rection?

B. Field Inspection - Well Appearance 

# • a. Are the wells adequately protected? Describe:.

## ---------------------



# • b. Are the wells locked? c. Are the wells vented? d. Are the surface seals sloped away from the well? e. Does the integrity ofthe surface seal appear adequate? f. Are the wells clearly labeled? Remarks:

- 21 -

## c. Field Inspection - Well Purging a. Specify the method ofpurging: 1) air lift, 2) centrifugal pump, 3) peristaltic pump, 4) gas-contactpositive displacement pumps, 5) non-gas-contact positive displacement pumps 6) bailer, 7) electric submersible pump, 8) other

b. Is this method ofpurg1ng suitable for the parameters to be tested? Remarks:

c. Describe the make and model ofthe purging -equipment.

d. Is the depth ofthe intake measured to verify that it is properlypositioned in the well? Remarks:

e. Is the volume ofwater removed**mpa~ured?** Specify the volume ofwat.e r removed



### -------

- 22 - 

# ()

()

# •• f.



### g. Is the pumping/removal rate measured? Ifyes, what is the pumping rate?

Is the purging equipment adequately decontaminated between wells? (i) Describe decon methods
(ii) Describe decon**mett~ds** that require correction 

# •

• D. Field Inspection-Sampling Procedures (WAC -645(8)(d) and (3)) a. Are the samples obtained immediately after purging? If "No," specify the time that elapses between purging and sampling**~----~--~----**___ Is this elapsed time appropriate for the parameters being tested? Remarks:

b. Are the samples obtained by the same personnel during each sampling episode? Remarks:

- 23 -c. Circle the samplingmethod used: 1) air lift, 2) centrifugal pump, 3) peristaltic pump, 4) electric submersible pump, 5) gas-contact positive displacement pump, 6) non-gas-contact positive displacement pump, 7) bailer, 8) other (specify) 

# (j

d. Describe the make and model ofthe sampling equipment.

e. Is the sampling procedure consistent with the parameters to be tested? Remarks

f. Is the sampling equipment dedicated to the well? (i) Ifnot, describe the decontaminationprocedures between wells.

(ii) Are the decontaminationprocedures adequate? Remarks: . _
f. Are water levels measured: (265.92(3), WAC -645(81( £) ) (i) prior to sampling? (ii) during sampling?

Describe the method

- 24 - 

# (;

(

# • g. Is the depth of the sampling intake measured to verify that it is properly positioned in the well?



# •

• h. Describe the sampling materials that the sample water comes in contactwith. (e.g. PVC, teflon, stainless, etc.) (i) Suction tubing/piping
(ii) Discharge tubing/piping



## ----------- (iii) Pump/baler

Remarks

1. Are special methods used to prevent sample aeration? Remarks



## ---------------------- j. Are the samples field filtered for: (i) metals? (ii) others (specify)

Ifyes, what is the filter pore size and which brand of filters are used?

- 25 -

# () k. Are all samples sediment free? Ifnot, specify the wells with sediment



# ()

f) 1.. Are the types ofbottles used consistent with the parameters to be tested (see Table I)? Remarks

m. Whatparameters are tested in the field: (i) pH? Specify meter make and model (ii) Specific conductance? Specify meter make and model (iii) Temperature? Specify thermometer make and model (iv) Eh (Redox potential)? Specifymetermake and model n. Are the field instruments calibrated? Describe the calibrationmethods.

o. Are the field sampling procedures consistentwith the sampling and analysis plan?



### - 26 -

### • 

# • Describe inconsistencies

p. Are the current sampling procedures consistent withpast sampling procedures? q. Are differences significant? Explain

_ 

# • r. Has the same laboratory been used for all sampling episodes? Ifnot, list the laboratories as follows:



# • Sampling Episode (Month/Year)

Remarks Testing Laboratory

- 27 -

### E. Field Inspection - QA/QC Procedures (WAC -645(8)(d)(iv)) 

### • 

# o a. 

### Are the sample bottles properly cleanedprior to sampling? Remarks
b. Whatkinds ofQA/QC samples are used: (i) Duplicates?

- - 

### How many? (ii) Sample preservative blanks?

- - 

### Howmany? (iii) Transport blanks?


### - - 

### Howmany? (iv) Spikes?

- 

### - How many? 

# C) (v) Transferblanks?


### - - How many (vi) Other

- - 

### Describe

c. Are the appropriate sample holdin6 times observed? (See Table 1) Remarks 

# () - 28 -

### • 

# •

•

• d. Are the samples labeled with the following: (i) Sample number (Lt) Well number (iii) Data and time sampled

(iv) Name of sample collector

(v) Preservatives Remarks

e. Is a bound field notebookmaintained to record pertinent sampling events and procedur.es? Remarks f. Does the field notebookrecord the following: (i) Well number? (ii) Sample number? (iii) Namesof sample collectors?

(iv) Signature of sampler?

(v) Sampling method? (vi) Presampling purging data (e.g. volume and rate ofpurging)? (vii) Field measured parameters (pH, specific conductance, Eh, temperature)? (viii) Water level measurements? g. Is a chain-of-custody record maintained? If "Yes," does it record the following: (i) Well number? (ii) Sample number? (iii) Date and time collected?

(iv) Signature of sampler? - 29 -(v) Signature ofwitness? (vi) Tests to be conducted? (vii) Signatures of all intermediate handlers and time and date ofhandling? (viii) Signature of receiving laboratory representative and time and date received? h. Are the chain-of-custodyprocedures adequate to maintain sample integrity? Remarks



### - 30 - • 

# C)

(j



# ()

# •

•

• 5 . 

### WATER QUALITYRESULTS (INTERIM STATUS) (265.92(b)) A. Does the water quality data obtained to date include: a. Drinking waterparameters (Table 1), one year of quarterly samples? Remarks
b. Ground water quality parameters (Table 1), (i) Oneyear ofquarterly samples? (ii) Annual samples aft0r the first year? Remarks

c. Indicatorparameters (Table 1) (i) Oneyear ofquarterly samples, four replicates each sampling episode? (ii) Semiannual samples thereafter, four replicates for each sampling episode? Remarks

B. Have initial background concentrations been determined for the following parameters (Table I)? a. Drinking waterparameters? b. Water quality parameters? Remarks

- 31 - 

### Yes No

## c. For upgradient/background wells have the following been determined for the indicatorparameters: a. Initial background arithmetic mean? b. Initial backgroundvariance? Remarks 

# C)

D. Have initial background concentrations been determined for the following parameters (Table 1). a. Drinking water parameters? b. Water quality parameters? Remarks


### E. For upgradient/background wells have the following been determined for the indicatorparameters: a. Initial background arithmetic'mean? b. Initial backgroundvariance? Remarks 

# c

F. For each ofthe downgradient wells after the first year ofquarterly samples were the following dct.ermined for the indicatorparameters: a. Arithmetic meanbased nn at least four replicates per sampling episode? b. Variance based on at least four replicates per sampling episode? Remarks

- 32 - 

# ()

# •• G. Were the initial background values for the indicator parameters statistically compared to the semiannual samples after the first year for: a. The upgradient/background wells? b. The downgradient wells? Remarks

H. Was the student t-test at the .01 level of significance used for the statistical comparison? Remarks

I. Have the comparisons shown a statistical increase (or decrease ofpH) over initial background for: 

# • a . The upgradient wells? Ifyes, was this information submitted with the annual reported data? Remarks



# • b. The downgradient wells? Ifyes, were the following completed? (i) Werewells showing increase (orpHdecrease) resampled and tested? i (ii) Ecology was notified within seven days after the increase (or pH decrease) was confirmed? (iii) Aground water assessmentplan was submitted to Ecology within 15 days after the notification? Remarks

- 33 -Additional Remarks:

- 34 - 

# ..



# (),\ 

# ,. Table 1 SAMPLINGANDPRESERVATIONPROCEDURES INTERIMSTATUS PARAMETERS

T,P,G 4°C 28 days 50ml T,P FieldAcidified* 6 months 1000ml to pH<2 with HN03 G 4°C/H2SO4to 28days 500ml pH<2 T,P,G Cool, 4°C 28days 50ml T,P,G None-Field 2hours 25ml Determined P,G None-Field None 100ml Determined G, Teflon lined Cool 4°C, HSO (2) 28days' 40ml(2) cap, no head space to pH<2 2 4 G, Amber,. Cool 4°C, add 7 days 500ml(2) Teflon lined cap, 1 ml of 0.1 M no head space sodium sulfite 

# • Parameter DrinkingWater Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Selenium Silver Mercury Fluoride Nitrate Endrin Lindane Methoxychlor Toxaphene 2,4 D 2,4,5 TPSilvex Radium Gross Alpha Gross Beta Coliform

bacteria Ground WaterQuality Chloride Iron**~langanese** Sodium Phenols Sulfate Ground WaterContamination pH Specific conductance TOC TOX Container T,P
Gp(2)



### , T,Pro T,P,G T,G
P,G Pro,G (sterilized) Preservation FieldAcidified

. to pH<2 with

HN03 FieldAcidified to pH<2 with HN03 FieldAcidified to pH<2 with HN03 4°C** FieldAcidified to pH<2 with HN03 FieldAcidified to pH<2 with HN03 Cool 4°C MaximumHolding Time 6 months
(1 ) P= 13days(2) G- 28 days 28 days 24hours 24hours
6 months 30hours(2)(3) MinimumVolume 1000ml

200ml(2) 300ml 100ml 1000ml
1 gallon 200ml

P Polyeth1ene G - Glass Pro - Polypropylene T - Teflon *In theeventthatHNO cannotbe used because of shipping restrictions the sample should be**refr~gerated** to 4°C, shipped immediately and acidifiedon receipt atthe laboratory. Thecontainer should be ringedwithHN03• 

# '. (1 ) (2) (3) **For samples fromnonchlorinated drinkingwater supplies concentratedH,S04 shouldbe added to lower sample pH to less than 2. Analyze samplewitnin 14days. SW846 Ecology Samplerequirements (Rev.. 12/84) StandardMethods, 16thEd., 1985