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OAR Box 1872 

Prepped by Keeia Richards 

Document Number: 

6) 11-1-55 

Docket Number: 

A-90-19 

Printed 11/26/2008 8:51:47 AM Sheet 6 of 204 
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pourttis. (Includes coupons, but ftot Imports, which tdiclsd 24 tnMon pounds last 

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I9MT 

Methanol Cars 

Standardized 

P.2 

By US Agency 

Environmental Protection Agency 

has finalized standards for vehicles designed to use methanol as an a'" - -alive 

motor fuel. The final standards establish 

the requirements that the auto industry 

must follow to certify methanol-fueled 

vehicles under EPA's vehicle-emissioncontrol prop-am. 

Manufacturers Interested In producing 

methanol-fueled vehicles will have to comply with the new emission standards beginning with the 1991 model year. Compliance is 

optional for the 1990 model year, the agency 

say. The standards will apply to all vrhicle 

classes, including passenger cars, light 

trucks, heavy-duty vehiclesanci motorcycles. 

The new standards for methanol vehicles 

are essentially the same as those currently in 

place for gasoline and diesel vehicles. The 

agency tays. however, there are some differences, with Ihe most significant being the 

treatment of organic emissions, which are 

the unturned and partially burned fuel in a 

vehicle's exhaust as well as the fuel which 

evaporates. 

Since the chemical structure of methanol 

Is quite different from today's petroleum fuels, different standards and emission-measurement procedures are applied to 

meOianol-fueled vehicles. 

EPA ESTIMATES FAVOP \BIE 

EPA estimates that current-technology 

methanol vehicles certified lo the new emission standards could produce up to 45 percent 

less ozone-causing pollutants than current 

petroleum-fueled vehicles. EPA, however, is 

continuing to evaluate the emissions and 

health dau for formaIdahyde aad methanol 

emissions from methanol-fueled vehicles. 

Only recently have auto companies begun 

to explore the full potential for engines to 

take advantage of methanol's fuel characteristics Don R. Gay, EPA acting assistant administrator for air and radiation says. "Engines designed to take advantage of 

methanol's high octane, high flanv.- speed and 

wide flammability limits could be much 

cleaner and more efficient than currenttechnology methanol vehicles. We project 

that future advanced-technology methanol 

vehicles could reduce the otone caused by 

motor vehicles between 10 percent and 90 

percent" 

Manufacturers are eipected to be able to 

produce melhannl-fueled engines using technology very similar to today's gasoline engines. Mr. Clay explains, "Because methanol 

has a high octane number, octane enhancers 

used lo prevent engine knock in petroleumfueled vehicles will not have to be used in 

menthanol vehicles. As a result, additives 

such as lead, ethylene dibromiO and benzene, which are toxic pollutants of concern to 

A-90-19 

IM-55 

EPA. will not be added to methanol f veld." 

Agency testa also show that particulate 

and nitrogen oiide emissions from methanolfueled diesel engines .ire extremely low. 

Manufacturers ot diesel engines, facing more 

stringent standard* for these polluUntr in 

the next few years, could meet the standards 

with methanol. 

Over the last few years. EPA has participated as a member of Ihe White House Alternative Fuels Work Cruup and has had the 

responsibility to assess the ro!' "f alternative fuels in meeting national air-quality 

goals. 

in January 191*. the agency puhli.hed a 

report entitled "Guidance on Estimating Motor Vehicle Emission Reductions from the 

Use of Allernafive Fuel" and Fuel Blends." 

The report summarizes available information on alternative furls and gives guidance 

to state and local air-quality planners on bow 

they can use alternative fuels to lower motor 

vehicle emissions. 

Drug Lollipops 

Draw Criticism 

By Nader Unit 

A consumer activist group called on 

Food & Drug Administration last week 

to halt tests of extremely potent narcotic-laced "lollipops" given to children 

before surgery or painful medical tests. 

In a letter to FDA commissioner Dr. Frank 

Young. Public Clli.eni Health Research 

Group criticiKStbe new method of administering the sedative drug tenlanyl to children 

prior to general anesthesia or painful diagnostic procedures, such as taking bone marrow samples. 

Public Citixen says fenlanyl is about 200 

times more potent than morphine and expressed fear that the innocent look of ihe 

lollipop form of the drug could lead medical 

staff lo use it casually 

But William Moeller. president of Anesla 

Corporation, the Salt Lake City. Utah firm 

that makes the drug being tested, says, "It 

isn't what you would call yummy.'' He described the "oral transmucosal fenunyl citrate" device as a purple "rocket or nipple 

shaped" piece of hardened, drug-laced syrup 

on a handle. 

He also said fentanyl is the most widely 

used narcotic in anesthesia, but because it is 

usually given intravenously, doctors find it 

difficult to administer to children. 

Mr. Moeller said the new drug device, developed at the University of 1'iah Medical 

School, is available only to anesthesiologists, 

and sucking the drug "does not produce a high 

or rush, which is what most drug abusers seek 

and can get with IV drugs." 

FDA spokeswoman Faye Peterson said 

fentanyl is already approved in its intravenous form for pre-surgical section. "This 

MEETINGS CALENDAR February 27,19&9 

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