| 1.           | I              have reviewed this quarterly report of Form 10-QSB of the              Company; |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| 2.           | Based              on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement              of a              material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the              statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements              were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this              report; |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| 3.           | Based              on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information              included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the              financial condition, results of operation and cash flows of the small              business issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this              report; |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| 4.           | The              small business issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible              for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures              (as              defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal              control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules              13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the small business issuer and              have: |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| a.                | Designed              such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure              controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure              that material information relating to the small business issuer, including              its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within              those              entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being              prepared; |
|----------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| b.                | Evaluated              the effectiveness of the small business issuer's disclosure controls              and              procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the              effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the              end of              the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;              and |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| c.                | Disclosed              in this report any change in the small business issuer's internal control              over financial reporting that occurred during the small business issuer's              most recent fiscal quarter (the small business issuer's fourth fiscal              quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,              or              is reasonably likely to materially affect, the small business issuer's              internal control over financial reporting;              and |
|----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| 5.           | The              small business issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed,              based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial              reporting, to the small business issuer's auditors and the audit committee              of the small business issuer's board of directors (or persons performing              the equivalent functions): |
|----------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| a.                | All              significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or              operation of internal control over financial reporting which are              reasonably likely to adversely affect the small business issuer's ability              to record, process, summarize and report financial information;              and |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| b.                | Any              fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other              employees who have a significant role in the small business issuer's              internal control over financial              reporting. |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|