Filed: September 20, 2012

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF OREGON

STATE OF OREGON, Plaintiff

- Adverse Party,

v.
TYLER ANTHONY BLOK, Defendant

- Relator.
(CC C112414CR; SC S059925)

En Banc
Original proceeding in mandamus. *
Argued and submitted May 23, 2012.
Celia Howes, Hoevet, Boise & Olson, P.C., Portland, argued the cause and filed the brief for D efendant

- R elator. With her on the brief was Ronald H. Hoevet.
Jeremy C. Rice, Assistant Attorney General, Salem, argued the cause and filed the brief for Plaintiff

- Adverse Party . With him on the brief were John R. Kroger, Attorney General, and Anna M. Joyce, Solicitor General.

BALMER, C. J.

The alternative writ of mandamus is dismissed.

* Washington County Circuit Court, Janelle F. Wipper, Judge

.1 BALMER, C. J. 1
In this original mandamus proceeding, relator, a criminal defendant who 2
was released from custody pursuant to a security release agreement, seeks to compel the 3
judge who set the terms of the agreement to modify a condition that forbids him from 4
having cont act with his father. In his mandamus petition, and again in his brief on the 5
merits in this court, defendant made two legal arguments: that the trial court had no 6
statutory authority to impose the condition and that, if the relevant statute permitted the 7
condition, it was unconstitutional. At oral argument, however, relat or conceded that a 8

" no contact with witnesses " condition may be lawfully imposed i n some circumstances 9
and argued, instead, that the condition was improper in this case because i t was no t 10
supported by evidence in the record. Because relator ' s argument to this court is not the 11
argument that he raised in his mandamus petition, it does not present the legal question 12
posed by our issuance of the alternative writ. Accordingly, we exercise ou r discretion to 13
dismiss the alternative writ of mandamus that we previously issued. 14
Relator, who is 24 years old, was charged by indictment with several sexual 15

offenses, all of which related to conduct that occurred between 2001 and 2005, when 16

relator was a young teenager. All the offenses involved relator ' s young er cousin. 17
Shortly after relator was arraigned on the charges, the trial court held a 18
hearing to consider, among other things, whether to release relator pending trial and , if 192

so, with wha t conditions. 1 Because one of the charges against relator was a Measure 11 2 1
offense, any pretrial release was governed by ORS 135.240(5). That statute provides, in 2

part: 3

" (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the court shall set a 4 security a mount of not less than $50,000 for a defendant charged with an 5 offense listed in ORS 137.700 or 137.707 [
, i.e.
, a Measure 11 offense] 6 * * * and may not release the defendant on any form of release other than a 7 security release [ 3 ] * * *. 8

"* * * * * 9

" (b) In addition to the security amount described in paragraph (a) of 10 this subsection, the court may impose any supervisory conditions deemed 11 necessary for the protection of the victim and the community

. " 12
(Emphasis added

. ) 13

Before the hearing, the court had r eceived a report prepared by the circuit 14

court ' s release assistance officer that recommended that the court impose a number of 15

" boilerplate " conditions on relator ' s release. One of those conditions was that relator 16
have no contact with persons who would be witnesses at his trial. According to the 17
parties, the " no contact with witnesses " condition is a standard feature of security release 18

1 The hearing was scheduled on relator's "Motion to Reduce Bail."

2 Measure 11 offenses are those that, under a ballot measure approved by Oregon voters in 1994, carry lengthy mandatory prison sentences. Ballot Measure 11 (1994). The Measure now is codified at ORS 137.700 and ORS 13 7.707.

3 A "security release" is "a release conditioned on a promise to appear in court at all appropriate times which is secured by cash, stocks, bonds or real property." ORS 135.230(12). Depending on the charges, a defendant may also be released on h is or her promise to appear as required, with or without additional conditions. ORS 135.250, ORS 135.260.3

agreements in Washington County when a defendant is charged with a Measure 11 1

offense. 2
At the hearing, relator argued that some of th e standard release agreement 3
conditions were unnecessary, given the " unique " circumstances of the case

-- that the 4
offenses had occurred many years before, w hen relator was a minor; that there was no 5
evidence that relator had engaged in any misbehavior since the time of those offenses; 6
and that relator had shown himself in recent years to be a responsible person, " a scholar 7

and an athlete. " Relator specifical ly objected to applying the " no contact with witnesses " 8

condition to relator ' s contact with his own immediate family (he expressly accepted the 9

" no contact " condition insofar as it prohibited contact with the victim and her family). In 10
support of his vari ous arguments (which addressed the amount of bail and a condition 11
that relator be supervised on a 24

- hour basis, as well as the " no contact " condition)
, 12
relator offered (1) the testimony of his mother, primarily concerning relator ' s parents ' 13

financial reso urces, and (2) a number of exhibits, including relator ' s academic records, 14
letters of recommendation written by relator ' s high school guidance counselor, and a 15
declaration by the victim ' s father (who also was relator ' s uncle) that he supported relator ' s 16

re quest for a reduction of bail and that he did not believe that relator posed a risk to his 17
daughter or the community. 18
The prosecutor responded to relator ' s arguments by describing to the court 19
the particulars of the alleged crimes, including the fact tha t they occurred when the victim 20
was between seven and ten years old. He then described an incident in which relator 21
supposedly apologized to the victim: 224

" The victim ' s father and defendant ' s father confronted defendant some time 1 later at a family gatheri ng. The defendant apologized to the victim for 2 treating her as he did and the family thought this was over at that point. " 3
The prosecutor explained that, although the family apparently knew about the alleged 4
abuse at the time of the apology, they did no t report it, and the police had learned of it 5
through a mandatory reporter. The prosecutor ended by suggesting that the declaration 6
by the victim ' s father that relator had submitted to the court reflected the entire family ' s 7
inappropriate view that a reso lution within the family was all that mattered: 8

" The family members have known about this for some time and it is no 9 surprise to me that the victim ' s father is declaring in the exhibit presented 10 by counsel that he doesn ' t think that defendant is a risk bec ause, as far as 11 the family is concerned, defendant apologized and was forgiven. " 12

Relator ' s counsel responded to the prosecutor ' s statements by noting that, 13
although he had not had access to any discovery in the case, he had talked to the family 14
about the apology that the prosecutor had described, and the family viewed the apology 15
as simply " to buy peace within the family " and not as an admission of particular acts. 16

Relator ' s counsel added that he " did not want the court to have the impression that two 17
years ago the family all got together and made an admission that [relator] had engaged in 18

this conduct. " 19
The judge thereafter ask ed the prosecutor if he intended to call any member 20

of relator ' s immediate family as a witness and was told that relator ' s father would be 21
called. The judge thereafter announced that among the conditions that she would impose 22

on relator ' s release under a security release agreement was a condition that relator have 23
no contact with the victim, her immediate family, or any witness

-- including, 245

specifically, relator ' s father. Relator immediately requested to be heard on the inclusion 1

of his father in the " no contact " list, but the judge denied the request. A security release 2
agreement was drafted that conformed to the judge ' s ruling, and relator signed it and was 3
released from custody. 4
The next day, relator moved to modify the conditions of his release to allow 5

him to have contact with his father and asked for a hearing on the matter. Relator 6

attached an affidavit from his father stating that he (father) and relator needed one 7

another ' s support and requesting that the father be allowed to have contact with his son. 8
Relator also attached a supporting memorandum that quoted the applicable release 9
statute, ORS 135.240(5), and argued that, based on that statute, 10

" the only conditions that the court may impose are those that are ' deemed 11 necessary for the protect ion of the victim and the community

. ' The facts in 12 this case do not support a no

- contact condition between [relator] and his 13 father because the condition does not protect the victim or the community. " 14

The trial court denied the motion. 15

Relator filed the present petition for an alternative writ of mandamus, 16
seeking to compel the trial court to modify the conditions in the pretrial release 17
agreement as requested. As noted, the petition asserted that the trial court lacked the 18
statutory authority under ORS 135.240(5) to include a " no contact with witnesses " 19
condition in the release agreement and that, if the statute authorized such a condition, it 20

was unconstitutional. Relator argued that only conditions " bearing on the safety of the 21
public and the victim " were permissible and that the " no contact with witnesses " 22
condition was unrelated to safety. This court issued the writ. The trial court declined to 236

modify its order, and the parties presented written and oral arguments before this court 1
regarding the t rial court ' s authority to impose the condition. 2

In his brief on the merits
, relator again argued that the trial court had no 3
statutory authority to impose the " no contact " condition as it related to relator ' s father
, 4

because that condition does not relate to the only permissible purpose for a condition of 5

release under ORS 135.240(5)(b)

-- " the protection of the victim and the community. " 6

Indeed, relator ' s primary argument was that " [t]he condition that [relator] refrain from 7
having contact with his father, a potential state witness, is not a statutorily or 8
constitutionally permissible condition of a security release. " Relator asserted the legal 9
position that a " no contact with witnesses " condition was not permitted unless required to 10
protect the sa fety of a witness. 11
At oral argument, however, relator essentially abandoned that position. 12

Relator ' s counsel stated that relator was " backing away from [the] argument " in the 13
petition and brief that the only permissible conditions were those related t o " safety. " 14

Relator conceded that, " if there were evidence of a real risk that a defendant might suborn 15
perjury or tamper with evidence or intimidate a witness, " then a " no contact " condition 16
would be appropriate. Relator ' s counsel stated: 17

" I think the statute does allow a court to impose a ' no contact with 18 witnesses ' condition if there is evidence and the court finds that that 19 condition is deemed necessary to protect the public and the victim. " 20

And relator stated that the trial court had " br oad latitude " to impose appropriate 21

conditions, based on the record before the court. 22
Instead of arguing that a " no contact with witnesses " condition was legally 237

impermissible under ORS 135.240(5)(b) and the Oregon Constitution, r elator asserted at 1

oral argument t hat the trial court had erred in this case, because the re was " no evidence " 2

in the rec ord to support the conclusion that the " no contact " condition

-- with witnesses 3
generally or with father in particular

-- was " necessary. " Relator ' s argument thus focused 4
on the documents before the trial court (the report prepared by the court ' s release 5

assistance officer and defendant ' s father ' s affidavit), the statements by the prosecutor and 6

defense counsel, and the inference s that could be drawn from the i nformation before the 7

trial court. 8

This court ' s exercise of its mandamus power is discretionary. See Or Const, 9

A rt VII ( A mended), § 2 ( " the supreme court may, in its own discretion, take original 10
jurisdiction in mandamus " ); State ex rel Marbet v. Keisli ng , 314 Or 235, 238, 838 P2d 11
585 (1992) (applying principle). We issued the alternative writ to consider the legal 12
question that relator asserted in his petition and, later, in his brief: whether a " no contact 13

with witnesses " condition is permissible und er ORS 135.240(5)(b). Relator now has 14
conceded that such a condition is permissible in some circumstances and has shifted his 15
focus to whether the evidence in this record supports the trial court ' s imposition of the 16

condition. Because that is not the leg al question that was presented in the petition or 17

briefed in this court, we exercise our discretion to dismiss the alternative writ. 18

The alternative writ is dismissed. 19