SLFRF April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds: A Catalyst for Innovation, Equity, 

and Resilience in Communities

State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

The State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF) program established by the American Rescue 

Plan Act continues to deliver critical financial support to communities across the country

recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. States, territories, Tribes, and local governments are 

using SLFRF funds to support economic recovery, workforce and small business development, 

and to finance healthy, safe, and affordable housing. The impacts of the SLFRF program are felt

today in nearly every community across the country.

The Treasury Department continues to regularly release SLFRF reporting data received from 

recipients.

1 This analysis features the latest dataset from reports collected in April 2023, 

representing spending through March 31, 2023. All SLFRF recipients, from small towns to states

and territories, were required to file Project and Expenditure reports in April. Specifically, this 

includes quarterly Project and Expenditure reports from the largest SLFRF recipients: states, 

territories, Tribal governments with an award over $30 million, and local governments with a 

population over 250,000 or an award over $10 million. This also includes annual Project and 

Expenditure reports from Tribal governments with an allocation less than $30 million and local 

governments with populations less than 250,000 and allocation less than $10 million. The data 

reported through March 31, 2023 is available on Treasury’s SLFRF data dashboard.

To date, over 99.99% of the $350 billion in SLFRF funds have been distributed to more than 

30,000 jurisdictions. The latest data reveals that recipients continue to make great progress in 

using SLFRF funds, as the states and the largest cities and counties have budgeted nearly 80% of 

their total SLFRF funds. The number of projects continues to grow: 14% among quarterly 

reporters and 3% among annual reporters.

In 2008, the Great Recession led to state and local government to significantly reduce their 

budgets – placing a drag on the economy for over three years of the recovery.

2 The data shows 

that SLFRF continues to be instrumental in helping governments maintain services and 

infrastructure by avoiding deep budget cuts. This can be seen in the role these funds have 

played in helping cities and states replace revenue they lost as a result of the pandemic –

revenue which is essential in order to pay for government services like public transportation 

and emergency services. As of March 31, 2023, SLFRF recipients reported $283 billion in lost 

revenue resulting from the pandemic. Over 18,000 participating governments reported that 

they are budgeting nearly $100 billion in SLFRF funds to help replace this lost revenue, funding 

over 53,000 projects to provide fiscal stability in their jurisdictions.

1 Tribally reported information is included in aggregate statistics about the program (e.g., the total number of governments 

using funds for a specific eligible use, total projects reported, etc.); however due to privacy considerations, Treasury does not 

release complete information on all Tribal projects.

2 Remarks by Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen at National Association of Counties 2023 Legislative Conference | U.S. 

Department of the Treasury
SLFRF April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

The data illustrates that ultimately, the American Rescue Plan prevented severe public service 

cuts and helped state, territorial, Tribal, and local governments resume normal operations. 

Because these resources prevented the economic scarring we saw following the Great 

Recession, in addition to responding to the immediate aftermath of the pandemic, 

governments are also investing SLFRF funds to respond to the longer-term impacts of the 

pandemic, including by boosting their economies, promoting equity, investing in infrastructure

and their workforces, and increasing the availability of healthy, safe, and accessible places for 

people to live.

Key SLFRF Investments through March 31, 2023 for State, Local, Territorial, and 

Tribal Governments3

Category

Reported 

Funds 

Budgeted

Number of 

Governments 

Pursuing

Number of 

Projects 

Reported

Housing: Emergency Aid, Affordable Housing, 

Homelessness $17 Billion 861 2,460

Infrastructure: Water, Sewer, and Broadband $26.5 Billion 3,122 9,628

COVID-19 Public Health Response** $12.7 Billion 1,625 5,847

Worker Support: Unemployment Aid, Job 

Training, Public Sector Workforce, Essential 

Worker Premium Pay

$11.8 Billion 2,016 3,982

Small Business Assistance $4.6 Billion 661 1,363

Childcare and Early Learning $1 Billion 240 396

**Includes vaccinations, testing, contact tracing, PPE, prevention in congregate facilities, medical expenses, and 

other public health measures.

The following examples come from data provided to the Treasury Department by SLFRF 

recipients.4 These examples provide a snapshot of the types of projects that recipients are 

implementing across key categories using SLFRF funds.5

3 This chart includes the most recent project and expenditure reporting received by Treasury for all recipients. Specifically, it 

includes data reported by quarterly reporters (states, territories, and metro cities and counties with a population over 250,000 

or an allocation over $10 million; Tribal governments with an allocation over $30 million; and non-entitlement units of local 

government allocated more than $10 million) from January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023 and data from annual reporters 

(metro cities, counties, and non-entitlement units of local with populations less than 250,000 and an allocation less than $10 

million, and Tribal governments with an allocation less than $30 million) from April 1, 2022 through March 31, 2023.

4 The examples included throughout this post are based on recipient reports, and their inclusion in this document does not 

constitute an explicit approval of these projects by Treasury.

5 This analysis includes quarterly Project and Expenditure reporting covering the period ending March 31, 2023. Recipients file 

either annually or quarterly based on population and allocation size. The data within this report is inclusive of all recipients due 
SLFRF April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

Expanding access to affordable housing is a top priority for the Treasury Department and for the 

Biden-Harris Administration. The SLFRF program is driving investments at every level of 

government to create new and improve existing affordable housing stock. Treasury is playing a 

key role by encouraging jurisdictions to consider using their funds to support housing stability 

and the construction and preservation of new affordable housing or to supplement other 

American Rescue Plan programs aiding renters and homeowners, such as the Emergency Rental 

Assistance program and the Homeowners Assistance Fund. Over the summer of 2022, Treasury

expanded the flexibility for recipients to use their funds to invest in long-term affordable housing 

projects. Since then, spending on affordable housing continues to accelerate.

Compared to data from July 2022, funds budgeted for housing stability, preservation, and 

construction increased by 29%. These efforts are taking place in a wide array of jurisdictions. 

Since January 2023, communities have increased their SLFRF budgets for housing investment by 

7%.

Examples of housing projects include:

• The State of California is investing $1.7 billion in capital for affordable housing 

developments, preservation of existing affordable housing, and development of additional 

adult and senior care facilities. California is also using $2.2 billion in SLFRF funds to purchase 

and rehabilitate housing specifically for individuals facing homelessness, including 

rehabilitating hotels, motels, vacant apartment buildings, and other buildings and converting 

them into housing. 

• Faulkner County, Arkansas is leveraging SLFRF funds to build CoHO Hope Village, a small 

home community development for unhoused individuals and veterans who will be provided 

general and mental health services, workforce training, and case management.

• The City of Fort Worth, Texas is utilizing $4.2 million to purchase 36 properties in a lowincome neighborhood as part of a $70 million redevelopment investment to include 

affordable housing in addition to retail, commercial units, parks, and other public spaces.

• The City of Pompano Beach, Florida is budgeting $2.5 million to construct new single-family 

homes on city-owned vacant lots, providing mixed-income affordable housing opportunities. 

• The City of Raleigh, North Carolina is budgeting $10 million to purchase an extended-stay 

113-room hotel, to improve access to stable, affordable housing, among unhoused 

individuals, combining the existing extended-stay model with permanent supportive housing 

and other types of affordable housing.

to it being an annual reporting period. All recipients, regardless of size, are required to file Project and Expenditure Reports 

annually by April 30. In 2023, these Project and Expenditure reports covered the period from January 1, 2023 – March 31, 2023

for quarterly reporters and April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023 for annual reporters.

Boosting Housing Choices for Americans
SLFRF April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

The SLFRF program is stimulating investments in strengthening the country’s internet 

infrastructure by funding upgrades – such as laying fiber backbone, completing last-mile 

connections, and prioritizing equitable access. These crucial investments provide residents with 

access to education, health care, government services, and economic opportunity. Since January 

2023, communities increased their SLFRF budgets for broadband projects by 3%. As of March 31, 

2023, SLFRF recipients budgeted over $7.7 billion in SLFRF funds for more than 950 broadband 

internet projects. SLFRF funds invested in broadband projects complement the American Rescue 

Plan’s investment in expanding affordable highspeed internet access through Treasury’s Capital 

Projects Fund. 

Examples of broadband projects include: 

• Box Elder County, Utah is planning to leverage $1.5 million in SLFRF funds for last-mile 

infrastructure investments to bring high-speed internet service to underserved rural 

communities. 

• The City of Brownsville, Texas is budgeting $20 million to connect residents and businesses 

to high-speed internet. 

• The State of Iowa is investing nearly $200 million from the SLFRF program and $149 million 

from the Capital Projects Fund into upgrading broadband connections throughout the state. 

Projects are located in over fifty different counties. 

• New Kent County, Virginia is budgeting nearly $4.5 million in SLFRF funds to provide access 

to highspeed fiber optic broadband service to businesses and to every household in the 

County, including over 3,000 households that are currently unserved by broadband internet.

• The State of West Virginia is budgeting $90 million from the SLFRF program and $130 million 

from the Capital Projects Fund for the West Virginia State Broadband Initiative, which

comprises three award programs. First, the Line Extension Advancement and Development 

(LEAD) project will expand existing fiber and cable networks. Second, The GigReady Initiative 

will provide matching state funds for local governments to pool their broadband 

investments. Third, the Major Broadband Project Strategies (MBPS) program will focus on 

large-scale multicounty projects that require additional resources to achieve rapid 

implementation. 

Wiring America for High-Speed Internet
SLFRF April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

Another area of investment of SLFRF funds is supporting and expanding the workforce in 

response to the negative economic impacts of the pandemic in communities across the country. 

Primary areas of workforce investment include helping impacted workers enter in-demand 

careers, with a particular focus on assisting people who face barriers to employment. In addition, 

these investments can help to prepare workers for industries of the future, such as those 

catalyzed by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the CHIPS and Science Act, and the Inflation 

Reduction Act. A key piece of this support is childcare, which enables more parents to enter and 

remain in the workforce. Since January 2023, communities increased their SLFRF budgets for 

workforce-related investments by 9%. As of March 31, 2023, SLFRF recipients have budgeted 

over $11.8 billion in SLFRF funds for more than 3,800 workforce projects. 

Examples of workforce projects include: 

• The State of Colorado has budgeted $49 million to create the Finish What You Started 

component of the Colorado Opportunity Scholarship Initiative. This program will increase 

the number of students who complete their academic programs and reduce the amount of 

debt they have to take on to obtain their degree.

• The State of Connecticut is planning to use $70 million in SLFRF funding to provide job 

training support to individuals who lost their job due to the pandemic or were unemployed 

when the pandemic began and have remained so due to the economic impacts of the 

pandemic. 

• The City of Detroit, Michigan is leveraging nearly $60 million in SLFRF funds to support Skills 

for Life – Work functions (jointly with the Skills for Life – Education initiative). This program

supports unemployed or underemployed Detroit residents, such as returning citizens, those 

experiencing housing insecurity, those lacking high school diplomas and/or post-secondary 

credentials, and other populations that face barriers to employment.

• Douglas County, Minnesota is obligating $500,000 to provide tuition-free retraining and 

upgrading skills, including manufacturing or small business boot camps, to residents who are 

unemployed due to the pandemic, or who were already unemployed when the pandemic 

began and remain due to the negative economic impacts of the pandemic.

• The City of Rochester, New York is budgeting $15.3 million to expand youth and adult 

workforce development services, including youth internships, job training and job placement 

assistance, and job search and application assistance.

• The City of Bridgeport, Connecticut is budgeting $6 million for workforce training 

development programs that include providing access to job training and education 

programs, offering industry-recognized certifications, and connecting individuals to 

apprenticeship programs.

Delivering Robust Investments in the US Workforce
SLFRF April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

To ensure sustainable growth for the future, many governments have invested in a wide variety 

of programs that support small businesses’ important role as key employers and drivers of the 

local economy. Since January 2023, communities have increased their SLFRF budgets for small 

business projects by 5%. To date, governments have budgeted over $4.6 billion for over 1,300

projects to support small businesses and small business development. Examples of small business 

projects include:

• The City of Fort Collins, Colorado is budgeting $400,000 for a Multicultural Business and 

Entrepreneur Center (MBEC) designed to address gaps in the current business support 

system, especially for entrepreneurs who may not have access to the resources, technical 

assistance, or support network that other groups may have. Consultations will be offered in 

Spanish and English. 

• The City of Mesa, Arizona is using $3.2 million for a restaurant and food business incubator. 

The incubator, paired with a modern public-facing dining facility, will provide business 

development support and cultivate the success, sustainability, and resiliency of local food 

entrepreneurs in the downtown core of Mesa. 

• Oakland County, Michigan is budgeting $18 million to fund Business Forward Consultants 

that will be embedded in economically disadvantaged communities. Consultants will provide 

counseling and technical assistance to small businesses and organizations in obtaining 

professional services, and federal, state, and local resources. In addition, professional 

training opportunities and tailored support based on the business industry and stage will be 

provided to each business. 

Recipients may use SLFRF funds to invest in critical water and sewer infrastructure to improve 

access to clean drinking water and to support vital wastewater and stormwater projects. To date, 

governments have invested $2.4 billion in more than 1,400 projects to meet their water, 

wastewater, and stormwater goals. Since January 2023, communities have increased their SLFRF 

budgets for water and sewer projects by 16%. 

Examples of water and sewer projects include: 

• The Village of Armada, Michigan is utilizing SLFRF funds to replace the filters at their water 

treatment plant. New filtration will allow the village to filter out additional arsenic from the 

drinking water supply. 

• Bay City, Michigan is using $6 million in SLFRF funding to replace lead service (water) lines 

in Bay City, with a goal to have most lead lines in the city replaced prior to December 31, 

2026.

Developing Local Economies through Small Businesses

Tapping SLFRF for Water and Sewer Infrastructure
SLFRF April 2023 Reporting Data Analysis

• The City of Dallas, Texas is leveraging $35 million to improve equity across Dallas Water 

Utilities’ (DWU) water and wastewater systems and provide service to all Dallas residents.

The program identified 47 areas throughout the city that did not have access to water and/or 

wastewater service.

• The Village of Johnsburg, Illinois is budgeting approximately $850,000 in SLFRF funding to 

further extend its sanitary sewer collection and conveyance system. 

• The State of North Carolina is allocating approximately $1.25 billion for grants to water and 

wastewater utilities to implement infrastructure construction projects, including 

rehabilitation of existing assets, regionalization of systems, decentralization, and extensions 

of service to underserved communities.

• The Township of Scott, Pennsylvania is improving its sanitary sewer facilities. The sewer 

system repairs help protect the health, safety, and welfare of the Township’s residents by 

providing a reliable sewage disposal method. 

These opportunities are possible because the economy is in a stronger place today as a result of 

the American Rescue Plan. Looking forward, the Treasury Department remains focused on 

ensuring that recipients can leverage these dollars to their full potential.