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[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2225 Reported in House (RH)]

<DOC>

                                                  Union Calendar No. 51
117th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 2225

                          [Report No. 117-73]

 To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 
 and 2026 for the National Science Foundation, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             March 26, 2021

  Ms. Johnson of Texas (for herself, Mr. Lucas, Ms. Stevens, and Mr. 
    Waltz) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
              Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

                             June 28, 2021

 Additional sponsors: Ms. Ross, Ms. Moore of Wisconsin, Mr. Baird, Mr. 
Meijer, Mr. Cohen, Mrs. Hayes, Mr. Kildee, Mr. Khanna, Mr. Fitzpatrick, 
 Mrs. Luria, Ms. Lofgren, Mr. Tonko, Mr. Case, Ms. Bonamici, Ms. Wild, 
     Ms. Jackson Lee, Mr. Perlmutter, Mr. Lamb, Ms. Houlahan, Mr. 
   Auchincloss, Mr. Sires, Mr. Pappas, Mr. McGovern, Mr. Cooper, Mr. 
Sherman, Mr. San Nicolas, Mrs. Kim of California, Miss Gonzalez-Colon, 
 Mr. Gonzalez of Ohio, Mr. Beyer, Mr. McNerney, Mr. Morelle, Mrs. Bice 
of Oklahoma, Mr. Crist, Mr. Foster, Ms. Leger Fernandez, Mr. LaTurner, 
 Mr. Obernolte, Mr. Babin, Mr. Feenstra, Mr. Norcross, Mr. Takano, Mr. 
    Bowman, Mr. Bera, Ms. Sherrill, Ms. Stansbury, and Mrs. Fletcher

                             June 28, 2021

  Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
       House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]
 [For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on March 
                               26, 2021]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 
 and 2026 for the National Science Foundation, and for other purposes.

 

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Science Foundation for the 
Future Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Over the past seven decades, the National Science 
        Foundation has played a critical role in advancing the United 
        States academic research enterprise by supporting fundamental 
        research and education across science and engineering 
        disciplines.
            (2) Discoveries enabled by sustained investment in 
        fundamental research and the education of the United States 
        science and engineering workforce have led to transformational 
        innovations and spawned new industries.
            (3) While the traditional approach to investment in 
        research has delivered myriad benefits to society, a concerted 
        effort is needed to ensure the benefits of federally funded 
        science and engineering are enjoyed by all Americans.
            (4) As countries around the world increase investments in 
        research and STEM education, United States global leadership in 
        science and engineering is eroding, posing significant risks to 
        economic competitiveness, national security, and public well-
        being.
            (5) To address major societal challenges and sustain United 
        States leadership in innovation, the Federal Government must 
        increase investments in research, broaden participation in the 
        STEM workforce, and bolster collaborations among universities, 
        National Laboratories, field stations and marine laboratories, 
        companies, labor organizations, non-profit funders of research, 
        local policymakers, civil societies and stakeholder 
        communities, and international partners.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Academies.--The term ``Academies'' means the National 
        Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
            (2) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
        intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section 5002 
        of the William M. (MAC) Thornberry National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021.
            (3) Awardee.--The term ``awardee'' means the legal entity 
        to which Federal assistance is awarded and that is accountable 
        to the Federal Government for the use of the funds provided.
            (4) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the National Science 
        Board.
            (5) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
        the National Science Foundation.
            (6) Emerging research institution.--The term ``emerging 
        research institution'' means an institution of higher education 
        with an established undergraduate student program that has, on 
        average for 3 years prior to the time of application for an 
        award, received less than $35,000,000 in Federal research 
        funding.
            (7) Federal science agency.--The term ``Federal science 
        agency'' means any Federal agency with an annual extramural 
        research expenditure of over $100,000,000.
            (8) Foundation.--The term ``Foundation'' means the National 
        Science Foundation.
            (9) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001(a)).
            (10) Labor organization.--The term ``labor organization'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 2(5) of the National 
        Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 152(5)), except that such term 
        shall also include--
                    (A) any organization composed of labor 
                organizations, such as a labor union federation or a 
                State or municipal labor body; and
                    (B) any organization which would be included in the 
                definition for such term under such section (5) but for 
                the fact that the organization represents--
                            (i) individuals employed by the United 
                        States, any wholly owned Government 
                        corporation, any Federal Reserve Bank, or any 
                        State or political subdivision thereof;
                            (ii) individuals employed by persons 
                        subject to the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 151 
                        et seq.); or
                            (iii) individuals employed as agricultural 
                        laborers.
            (11) Non-profit organization.--The term ``non-profit 
        organization'' means an organization which is described in 
        section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and 
        exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such code.
            (12) NSF includes.--The term ``NSF includes'' means the 
        initiative carried out under section 6(c).
            (13) PreK-12.--The term ``preK-12'' means pre-kindergarten 
        through grade 12.
            (14) Skilled technical work.--The term ``skilled technical 
        work'' means an occupation that requires a high level of 
        knowledge in a technical domain and does not require a 
        bachelor's degree for entry.
            (15) STEM.--The term ``STEM'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 2 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act 
        of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note).
            (16) STEM education.--The term ``STEM education'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 2 of the STEM Education Act 
        of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note).

SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Fiscal Year 2022.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $12,504,890,000 for fiscal year 2022.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $10,025,000,000 shall be made available to 
                carry out research and related activities, of which--
                            (i) $55,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale 
                        Research Infrastructure Program; and
                            (ii) $1,400,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Directorate for Science and Engineering 
                        Solutions;
                    (B) $1,583,160,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources, of which--
                            (i) $73,700,000 shall be for the Robert 
                        Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (ii) $59,500,000 shall be for the NSF 
                        Research Traineeship Program;
                            (iii) $416,300,000 shall be for the 
                        Graduate Research Fellowship Program; and
                            (iv) $70,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program;
                    (C) $249,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $76,250,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale Research 
                Infrastructure Program;
                    (D) $620,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,620,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $23,120,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (b) Fiscal Year 2023.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $14,620,800,000 for fiscal year 2023.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $11,870,000,000 shall be made available to 
                carry out research and related activities, of which--
                            (i) $60,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale 
                        Research Infrastructure Program; and
                            (ii) $2,300,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Directorate for Science and Engineering 
                        Solutions;
                    (B) $1,654,520,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources, of which--
                            (i) $80,400,000 shall be for the Robert 
                        Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (ii) $64,910,000 shall be for the NSF 
                        Research Traineeship Program;
                            (iii) $454,140,000 shall be for the 
                        Graduate Research Fellowship Program; and
                            (iv) $72,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program;
                    (C) $355,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $80,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale Research 
                Infrastructure Program;
                    (D) $710,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,660,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $26,610,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (c) Fiscal Year 2024.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $15,945,020,000 for fiscal year 2024.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $13,050,000,000 shall be made available to 
                carry out research and related activities, of which--
                            (i) $70,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale 
                        Research Infrastructure Program; and
                            (ii) $2,900,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Directorate for Science and Engineering 
                        Solutions;
                    (B) $1,739,210,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources, of which--
                            (i) $87,100,000 shall be for the Robert 
                        Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (ii) $70,320,000 shall be for the NSF 
                        Research Traineeship Program;
                            (iii) $491,990,000 shall be for the 
                        Graduate Research Fellowship Program; and
                            (iv) $78,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program;
                    (C) $370,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $85,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale Research 
                Infrastructure Program;
                    (D) $750,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,700,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $31,110,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (d) Fiscal Year 2025.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $17,004,820,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $14,000,000,000 shall be made available to 
                carry out research and related activities, of which--
                            (i) $75,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale 
                        Research Infrastructure Program; and
                            (ii) $3,250,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Directorate for Science and Engineering 
                        Solutions;
                    (B) $1,823,470,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources, of which--
                            (i) $93,800,000 shall be for the Robert 
                        Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (ii) $75,730,000 shall be for the NSF 
                        Research Traineeship Program;
                            (iii) $529,830,000 shall be for the 
                        Graduate Research Fellowship Program; and
                            (iv) $84,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program;
                    (C) $372,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $90,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale Research 
                Infrastructure Program;
                    (D) $770,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,740,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $34,610,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (e) Fiscal Year 2026.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $17,939,490,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $14,800,000,000 shall be made available to 
                carry out research and related activities, of which--
                            (i) $80,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale 
                        Research Infrastructure Program; and
                            (ii) $3,400,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Directorate for Science and Engineering 
                        Solutions;
                    (B) $1,921,600,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources, of which--
                            (i) $100,500,000 shall be for the Robert 
                        Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (ii) $81,140,000 shall be for the NSF 
                        Research Traineeship Program;
                            (iii) $567,680,000 shall be for the 
                        Graduate Research Fellowship Program; and
                            (iv) $90,000,000 shall be for the 
                        Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program;
                    (C) $375,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $100,000,000 shall be for the Mid-Scale Research 
                Infrastructure Program;
                    (D) $800,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,780,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $38,110,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.

SEC. 5. STEM EDUCATION.

    (a) PreK-12 STEM Education.--
            (1) Decadal survey of stem education research.--Not later 
        than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
        Director shall enter into a contract with the Academies to 
        review and assess the status and opportunities for PreK-12 STEM 
        education research and make recommendations for research 
        priorities over the next decade.
            (2) Scaling innovations in prek-12 stem education.--
                    (A) In general.--The Director shall establish a 
                program to award grants, on a competitive basis, to 
                institutions of higher education or non-profit 
                organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
                organizations) to establish no fewer than 3 
                multidisciplinary Centers for Transformative Education 
                Research and Translation (in this section referred to 
                as ``Centers'') to support research and development on 
                widespread and sustained implementation of STEM 
                education innovations.
                    (B) Application.--An institution of higher 
                education or non-profit organization (or a consortium 
                of such institutions or organizations) seeking funding 
                under subparagraph (A) shall submit an application to 
                the Director at such time, in such manner, and 
                containing such information as the Director may 
                require. The application shall include, at a minimum, a 
                description of how the proposed Center will--
                            (i) establish partnerships among academic 
                        institutions, local or State education 
                        agencies, and other relevant stakeholders in 
                        supporting programs and activities to 
                        facilitate the widespread and sustained 
                        implementation of promising, evidence-based 
                        STEM education practices, models, programs, 
                        curriculum, and technologies;
                            (ii) support enhanced STEM education 
                        infrastructure, including cyberlearning 
                        technologies, to facilitate the widespread 
                        adoption of promising, evidence-based 
                        practices;
                            (iii) support research and development on 
                        scaling practices, partnerships, and 
                        alternative models to current approaches, 
                        including approaches sensitive to the unique 
                        combinations of capabilities, resources, and 
                        needs of varying localities, educators, and 
                        learners;
                            (iv) include a focus on the learning needs 
                        of under resourced schools and learners in low-
                        resource or underachieving local education 
                        agencies in urban and rural communities and the 
                        development of high-quality curriculum that 
                        engages these learners in the knowledge and 
                        practices of STEM fields;
                            (v) include a focus on the learning needs 
                        and unique challenges facing students with 
                        disabilities; and
                            (vi) support research and development on 
                        scaling practices and models to support and 
                        sustain highly-qualified STEM educators in 
                        urban and rural communities.
                    (C) Additional considerations.--In awarding a grant 
                under this paragraph, the Director may also consider 
                the extent to which the proposed Center will--
                            (i) leverage existing collaborations, 
                        tools, and strategies supported by the 
                        Foundation, including NSF INCLUDES and the 
                        Convergence Accelerators;
                            (ii) support research on and the 
                        development and scaling of innovative 
                        approaches to distance learning and education 
                        for various student populations;
                            (iii) support education innovations that 
                        leverage new technologies or deepen 
                        understanding of the impact of technology on 
                        educational systems; and
                            (iv) include a commitment from local or 
                        State education administrators to making the 
                        proposed reforms and activities a priority.
                    (D) Partnership.--In carrying out the program under 
                subparagraph (A), the Director shall explore 
                opportunities to partner with the Department of 
                Education, including through jointly funding activities 
                under this paragraph.
                    (E) Annual meeting.--The Director shall encourage 
                and facilitate an annual meeting of the Centers to 
                foster collaboration among the Centers and to further 
                disseminate the results of the Centers' activities.
                    (F) Report.--Not later than 5 years after the date 
                of enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to 
                Congress a report describing the activities carried out 
                pursuant to this paragraph that includes--
                            (i) a description of the focus and proposed 
                        goals of each Center; and
                            (ii) an assessment of the program's success 
                        in helping to promote scalable solutions in 
                        PreK-12 STEM education.
            (3) National academies study.--Not later than 45 days after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter 
        into an agreement with the Academies to conduct a study to--
                    (A) review the research literature and identify 
                research gaps regarding the interconnected factors that 
                foster and hinder successful implementation of 
                promising, evidence-based PreK-12 STEM education 
                innovations at the local, regional, and national level;
                    (B) present a compendium of promising, evidence-
                based PreK-12 STEM education practices, models, 
                programs, and technologies;
                    (C) identify barriers to widespread and sustained 
                implementation of such innovations; and
                    (D) make recommendations to the Foundation, the 
                Department of Education, the National Science and 
                Technology Council's Committee on Science, Technology, 
                Engineering, and Mathematics Education, State and local 
                educational agencies, and other relevant stakeholders 
                on measures to address such barriers.
            (4) Supporting pre-k-8 informal stem opportunities.--
        Section 3 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 1862q) 
        is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Pre-k-8 Informal Stem Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall provide grants to institutions of higher 
        education or a non-profit organizations (or a consortia of such 
        intuitions or organization) on a merit-reviewed, competitive 
        basis for research on programming that engages students in 
        grades PREK-8, including underrepresented and rural students, 
        in STEM in order to prepare such students to pursue degrees or 
        careers in STEM.
            ``(2) Use of funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Grants awarded under this 
                section shall be used toward research to advance the 
                engagement of students, including underrepresented and 
                rural students, in grades PREK-8 in STEM through 
                providing before-school, after-school, out-of-school, 
                or summer activities, including in single-gender 
                environments or programming, that are designed to 
                encourage interest, engagement, and skills development 
                for students in STEM.
                    ``(B) Permitted activities.--The activities 
                described in subparagraph (A) may include--
                            ``(i) the provision of programming 
                        described in such subparagraph for the purpose 
                        of research described in such subparagraph;
                            ``(ii) the use of a variety of engagement 
                        methods, including cooperative and hands-on 
                        learning;
                            ``(iii) exposure of students to role models 
                        in the fields of STEM and near-peer mentors;
                            ``(iv) training of informal learning 
                        educators, youth-serving professionals, and 
                        volunteers who lead informal STEM programs in 
                        using evidence-based methods consistent with 
                        the target student population being served;
                            ``(v) education of students on the 
                        relevance and significance of STEM careers, 
                        provision of academic advice and assistance, 
                        and activities designed to help students make 
                        real-world connections to STEM content;
                            ``(vi) the attendance of students at 
                        events, competitions, and academic programs to 
                        provide content expertise and encourage career 
                        exposure in STEM, which may include the 
                        purchase of parts and supplies needed to 
                        participate in such competitions;
                            ``(vii) activities designed to engage 
                        parents and families of students in grades 
                        PREK-8 in STEM;
                            ``(viii) innovative strategies to engage 
                        students, such as using leadership skills and 
                        outcome measures to impart youth with the 
                        confidence to pursue STEM coursework and 
                        academic study;
                            ``(ix) coordination with STEM-rich 
                        environments, including other nonprofit, 
                        nongovernmental organizations, out-of-classroom 
                        settings, single-gender environments, 
                        institutions of higher education, vocational 
                        facilities, corporations, museums, or science 
                        centers; and
                            ``(x) the acquisition of instructional 
                        materials or technology-based tools to conduct 
                        applicable grant activity.
            ``(3) Application.--An applicant seeking funding under the 
        section shall submit an application at such time, in such 
        manner, and containing such information as may be required. 
        Applications that include or partner with a nonprofit, 
        nongovernmental organization that has extensive experience and 
        expertise in increasing the participation of students in PREK-8 
        in STEM are encouraged. The application may include the 
        following:
                    ``(A) A description of the target audience to be 
                served by the research activity or activities for which 
                such funding is sought.
                    ``(B) A description of the process for recruitment 
                and selection of students to participate in such 
                activities.
                    ``(C) A description of how such activity or 
                activities may inform programming that engages students 
                in grades PREK-8 in STEM.
                    ``(D) A description of how such activity or 
                activities may inform programming that promotes student 
                academic achievement in STEM.
                    ``(E) An evaluation plan that includes, at a 
                minimum, the use of outcome-oriented measures to 
                determine the impact and efficacy of programming being 
                researched.
            ``(4) Evaluations.--Each recipient of a grant under this 
        section shall provide, at the conclusion of every year during 
        which the grant funds are received, an evaluation in a form 
        prescribed by the Director.
            ``(5) Accountability and dissemination.--
                    ``(A) Evaluation required.--The Director shall 
                evaluate the activities established under this section. 
                Such evaluation shall--
                            ``(i) use a common set of benchmarks and 
                        tools to assess the results of research 
                        conducted under such grants; and
                            ``(ii) to the extent practicable, integrate 
                        the findings of the research resulting from the 
                        activity or activities funded through the grant 
                        with the current research on serving students 
                        with respect to the pursuit of degrees or 
                        careers in STEM, including underrepresented and 
                        rural students, in grades PREK-8.
                    ``(B) Report on evaluations.--Not later than 180 
                days after the completion of the evaluation under 
                subparagraph (A), the Director shall submit to Congress 
                and make widely available to the public a report that 
                includes--
                            ``(i) the results of the evaluation; and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations for 
                        administrative and legislative action that 
                        could optimize the effectiveness of the program 
                        under this section.
            ``(6) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Director shall, for purposes of enhancing program effectiveness 
        and avoiding duplication of activities, consult, cooperate, and 
        coordinate with the programs and policies of other relevant 
        Federal agencies.''.
    (b) Undergraduate STEM Education.--
            (1) Research on stem education and workforce needs.--The 
        Director shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to four-
        year institutions of higher education or non-profit 
        organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
        organizations) to support research and development activities 
        to--
                    (A) encourage greater collaboration and 
                coordination between institutions of higher education 
                and industry to enhance education, foster hands-on 
                learn experiences, and improve alignment with workforce 
                needs;
                    (B) understand the current composition of the STEM 
                workforce and the factors that influence growth, 
                retention, and development of that workforce;
                    (C) increase the size, diversity, capability, and 
                flexibility of the STEM workforce; and
                    (D) increase dissemination and widespread adoption 
                of effective practices in undergraduate education and 
                workforce development.
            (2) Advanced technological education program update.--
        Section 3(b) of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 
        1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862i(b)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) National Coordination Network for Science and Technical 
Education.--The Director shall award grants to institutions of higher 
education, non-profit organizations, and associate-degree granting 
colleges (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to 
establish a network of centers for science and technical education. The 
centers shall--
            ``(1) coordinate research, training, and education 
        activities funded by awards under subsection (a) and share 
        information and best practices across the network of awardees;
            ``(2) serve as a national and regional clearinghouse and 
        resource to communicate and coordinate research, training, and 
        educational activities across disciplinary, organizational, 
        geographic, and international boundaries and disseminate best 
        practices; and
            ``(3) develop national and regional partnerships between 
        PreK-12 schools, two-year colleges, institutions of higher 
        education, workforce development programs, labor organizations, 
        and industry to meet workforce needs.''.
            (3) Innovations in stem education at community colleges.--
                    (A) In general.--The Director shall award grants on 
                a merit-reviewed, competitive basis to institutions of 
                higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
                consortia of such institutions or organizations) to 
                advance research on the nature of learning and teaching 
                at community colleges and to improve outcomes for 
                students who enter the workforce upon completion of 
                their STEM degree or credential or transfer to 4-year 
                institutions, including by--
                            (i) examining how to scale up successful 
                        programs at Community Colleges that are 
                        improving student outcomes in foundational STEM 
                        courses;
                            (ii) supporting research on effective STEM 
                        teaching practices in community college 
                        settings;
                            (iii) designing and developing new STEM 
                        curricula;
                            (iv) providing STEM students with hands-on 
                        training and research experiences, internships, 
                        and other experiential learning opportunities;
                            (v) increasing access to high quality STEM 
                        education through new technologies;
                            (vi) re-skilling or up-skilling incumbent 
                        workers for new STEM jobs;
                            (vii) building STEM career and seamless 
                        transfer pathways; and
                            (viii) developing novel mechanisms to 
                        identify and recruit talent into STEM programs, 
                        in particular talent from groups historically 
                        underrepresented in STEM.
                    (B) Partnerships.--In carrying out activities under 
                this paragraph, the Director shall encourage 
                applications to develop, enhance, or expand cooperative 
                STEM education and training partnerships between 
                institutions of higher education, industry, and labor 
                organizations.
    (c) Advanced Technological Manufacturing Act.--
            (1) Findings and purpose.--Section 2 of the Scientific and 
        Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862h) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (3), by striking 
                        ``science, mathematics, and technology'' and 
                        inserting ``science, technology, engineering, 
                        and mathematics or STEM'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by inserting 
                        ``educated'' and before ``trained''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking 
                        ``scientific and technical education and 
                        training'' and inserting ``STEM education and 
                        training''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2), by striking 
                        ``mathematics and science'' and inserting 
                        ``STEM fields''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking 
                        ``mathematics and science instruction'' and 
                        inserting ``STEM instruction''.
            (2) Modernizing references to stem.--Section 3 of the 
        Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
        1862i) is amended--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking 
                ``scientific and technical education '' and inserting 
                ``stem education'';
                    (B) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                        ``Scientific and Technical Education '' and 
                        inserting ``STEM Education'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding paragraph 
                        (1)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``and education to 
                                prepare the skilled technical workforce 
                                to meet workforce demands'' before ``, 
                                and to improve'';
                                    (II) by striking ``core education 
                                courses in science and mathematics'' 
                                and inserting ``core education courses 
                                in STEM fields'';
                                    (III) by inserting ``veterans and 
                                individuals engaged in'' before ``work 
                                in the home''; and
                                    (IV) by inserting ``and on building 
                                a pathway from secondary schools, to 
                                associate-degree-granting institutions, 
                                to careers that require technical 
                                training'' before ``, and shall be 
                                designed'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``and study'' 
                                after ``development''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``core science and 
                                mathematics courses'' and inserting 
                                ``core STEM courses'';
                            (iv) in paragraph (2), by striking 
                        ``science, mathematics, and advanced-technology 
                        fields'' and inserting ``STEM and advanced-
                        technology fields'';
                            (v) in paragraph (3)(A), by inserting ``to 
                        support the advanced-technology industries that 
                        drive the competitiveness of the United States 
                        in the global economy'' before the semicolon at 
                        the end;
                            (vi) in paragraph (4), by striking 
                        ``scientific and advanced-technology fields'' 
                        and inserting ``STEM and advanced-technology 
                        fields''; and
                            (vii) in paragraph (5), by striking 
                        ``advanced scientific and technical education'' 
                        and inserting ``advanced STEM and advanced-
                        technology'';
                    (C) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) in the matter 
                                        preceding clause (i), by 
                                        striking ``to encourage'' and 
                                        all that follows through ``such 
                                        means as--'' and inserting ``to 
                                        encourage the development of 
                                        career and educational pathways 
                                        with multiple entry and exit 
                                        points leading to credentials 
                                        and degrees, and to assist 
                                        students pursuing pathways in 
                                        STEM fields to transition from 
                                        associate-degree-granting 
                                        colleges to bachelor-degree-
                                        granting institutions, through 
                                        such means as--'';
                                            (bb) in clause (i), by 
                                        striking ``to ensure'' and 
                                        inserting ``to develop 
                                        articulation agreements that 
                                        ensure''; and
                                            (cc) in clause (ii), by 
                                        striking ``courses at the 
                                        bachelor-degree-granting 
                                        institution'' and inserting 
                                        ``the career and educational 
                                        pathways supported by the 
                                        articulation agreements'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B)--
                                            (aa) in clause (i), by 
                                        inserting ``veterans and 
                                        individuals engaged in'' before 
                                        ``work in the home'';
                                            (bb) in clause (iii)--

                                                    (AA) by striking 
                                                ``bachelor's-degree-
                                                granting institutions'' 
                                                and inserting 
                                                ``institutions or work 
                                                sites''; and

                                                    (BB) by inserting 
                                                ``or industry 
                                                internships'' after 
                                                ``summer programs''; 
                                                and

                                            (cc) by striking the flush 
                                        text following clause (iv); and
                                    (III) by striking subparagraph (C);
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``mathematics and 
                                science programs'' and inserting ``STEM 
                                programs'';
                                    (II) by inserting ``and, as 
                                appropriate, elementary schools,'' 
                                after ``with secondary schools'';
                                    (III) by striking ``mathematics and 
                                science education'' and inserting 
                                ``STEM education'';
                                    (IV) by striking ``secondary school 
                                students'' and inserting ``students at 
                                these schools'';
                                    (V) by striking ``science and 
                                advanced-technology fields'' and 
                                inserting ``STEM and advanced-
                                technology fields''; and
                                    (VI) by striking ``agreements with 
                                local educational agencies'' and 
                                inserting ``articulation agreements or 
                                dual credit courses with local 
                                secondary schools, or other means as 
                                the Director determines appropriate,''; 
                                and
                            (iii) in paragraph (3)--
                                    (I) by striking subparagraph (B);
                                    (II) by striking ``shall--''and all 
                                that follows through ``establish a'' 
                                and inserting ``shall establish a'';
                                    (III) by striking ``the fields of 
                                science, technology, engineering, and 
                                mathematics'' and inserting ``STEM 
                                fields''; and
                                    (IV) by striking ``; and'' and 
                                inserting ``, including jobs at Federal 
                                and academic laboratories.'';
                    (D) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) in the matter 
                                        preceding clause (i), by 
                                        striking ``to encourage'' and 
                                        all that follows through ``such 
                                        means as--'' and inserting ``to 
                                        encourage the development of 
                                        career and educational pathways 
                                        with multiple entry and exit 
                                        points leading to credentials 
                                        and degrees, and to assist 
                                        students pursuing pathways in 
                                        STEM fields to transition from 
                                        associate-degree-granting 
                                        colleges to bachelor-degree-
                                        granting institutions, through 
                                        such means as--'';
                                            (bb) in clause (i), by 
                                        striking ``to ensure'' and 
                                        inserting ``to develop 
                                        articulation agreements that 
                                        ensure''; and
                                            (cc) in clause (ii), by 
                                        striking ``courses at the 
                                        bachelor-degree-granting 
                                        institution'' and inserting 
                                        ``the career and educational 
                                        pathways supported by the 
                                        articulation agreements'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B)--
                                            (aa) in clause (i), by 
                                        inserting ``veterans and 
                                        individuals engaged in'' before 
                                        ``work in the home'';
                                            (bb) in clause (iii)--

                                                    (AA) by striking 
                                                ``bachelor's-degree-
                                                granting institutions'' 
                                                and inserting 
                                                ``institutions or work 
                                                sites''; and

                                                    (BB) by inserting 
                                                ``or industry 
                                                internships'' after 
                                                ``summer programs''; 
                                                and

                                            (cc) by striking the flush 
                                        text following clause (iv); and
                                    (III) by striking subparagraph (C);
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``mathematics and 
                                science programs'' and inserting ``STEM 
                                programs'';
                                    (II) by inserting ``and, as 
                                appropriate, elementary schools,'' 
                                after ``with secondary schools'';
                                    (III) by striking ``mathematics and 
                                science education'' and inserting 
                                ``STEM education'';
                                    (IV) by striking ``secondary school 
                                students'' and inserting ``students at 
                                these schools'';
                                    (V) by striking ``science and 
                                advanced-technology fields'' and 
                                inserting ``STEM and advanced-
                                technology fields''; and
                                    (VI) by striking ``agreements with 
                                local educational agencies'' and 
                                inserting ``articulation agreements or 
                                dual credit courses with local 
                                secondary schools, or other means as 
                                the Director determines appropriate,''; 
                                and
                            (iii) in paragraph (3)--
                                    (I) by striking subparagraph (B);
                                    (II) by striking ``shall--''and all 
                                that follows through ``establish a'' 
                                and inserting ``shall establish a'';
                                    (III) by striking ``the fields of 
                                science, technology, engineering, and 
                                mathematics'' and inserting ``STEM 
                                fields''; and
                                    (IV) by striking ``; and'' and 
                                inserting ``, including jobs at Federal 
                                and academic laboratories.'';
                    (E) in subsection (d)(2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting a ``; and''; 
                        and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) as appropriate, applications that apply the 
                best practices for STEM education and technical skills 
                education through distance learning or in a simulated 
                work environment, as determined by research described 
                in subsection (f); and'';
                    (F) in subsection (g), by striking the second 
                sentence;
                    (G) in subsection (h)(1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``2022'' and inserting ``2026'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``2022'' and inserting ``2026''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) by striking ``up to 
                                $2,500,000'' and inserting ``not less 
                                than $3,000,000''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``2022'' and 
                                inserting ``2026'';
                    (H) in subsection (i)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (3); and
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and 
                        (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; 
                        and
                    (I) in subsection (j)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting 
                        the following:
            ``(1) the term advanced-technology includes technological 
        fields such as advanced manufacturing, agricultural-, 
        biological- and chemical-technologies, energy and environmental 
        technologies, engineering technologies, information 
        technologies, micro and nano-technologies, cybersecurity 
        technologies, geospatial technologies, and new, emerging 
        technology areas;'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking 
                        ``separate bachelor-degree-granting 
                        institutions'' and inserting ``other 
                        entities'';
                            (iii) by striking paragraph (7);
                            (iv) by redesignating paragraphs (8) and 
                        (9) as paragraphs (7) and (8), respectively;
                            (v) in paragraph (7), as redesignated by 
                        subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after the 
                        semicolon;
                            (vi) in paragraph (8), as redesignated by 
                        subparagraph (D)--
                                    (I) by striking ``mathematics, 
                                science, engineering, or technology'' 
                                and inserting ``science, technology, 
                                engineering, or mathematics''; and
                                    (II) by striking the period at the 
                                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (vii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) the term skilled technical workforce means workers--
                    ``(A) in occupations that use significant levels of 
                science and engineering expertise and technical 
                knowledge; and
                    ``(B) whose level of educational attainment is less 
                than a bachelor degree.''.
            (3) Authorization of appropriations.--Section 5 of the 
        Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
        1862j) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director for 
carrying out sections 2 through 4, $150,000,000 for fiscal years 2022 
through 2026.''.
    (d) Graduate STEM Education.--
            (1) Mentoring and professional development.--
                    (A) Mentoring plans.--
                            (i) Update.--Section 7008 of the America 
                        Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote 
                        Excellence in Technology, Education, and 
                        Science Act (42 U.S.C. 1862o) is amended by--
                                    (I) inserting ``and graduate 
                                student'' after ``postdoctoral''; and
                                    (II) inserting ``The requirement 
                                may be satisfied by providing such 
                                individuals with access to mentors, 
                                including individuals not listed on the 
                                grant.'' after ``review criterion.''.
                            (ii) Evaluation.--Not later than 45 days 
                        after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
                        Director shall enter into an agreement with a 
                        qualified independent organization to evaluate 
                        the effectiveness of the postdoctoral mentoring 
                        plan requirement for improving mentoring for 
                        Foundation-supported postdoctoral researchers.
                    (B) Career exploration.--
                            (i) In general.--The Director shall award 
                        grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions 
                        of higher education and non-profit 
                        organizations (or consortia of such 
                        institutions or organizations) to develop 
                        innovative approaches for facilitating career 
                        exploration of academic and non-academic career 
                        options and for providing opportunity-
                        broadening experiences, including work-
                        integrated opportunities, for graduate students 
                        and postdoctoral scholars that can then be 
                        considered, adopted, or adapted by other 
                        institutions and to carry out research on the 
                        impact and outcomes of such activities.
                            (ii) Review of proposals.--In selecting 
                        grant recipients under this subparagraph, the 
                        Director shall consider, at a minimum--
                                    (I) the extent to which the 
                                administrators of the institution are 
                                committed to making the proposed 
                                activity a priority; and
                                    (II) the likelihood that the 
                                institution or organization will 
                                sustain or expand the proposed activity 
                                effort beyond the period of the grant.
                    (C) Development plans.--The Director shall require 
                that annual project reports for awards that support 
                graduate students and postdoctoral scholars include 
                certification by the principal investigator that each 
                graduate student and postdoctoral scholar receiving 
                substantial support from such award, as determined by 
                the Director, in consultation with faculty advisors, 
                has developed and annually updated an individual 
                development plan to map educational goals, career 
                exploration, and professional development.
                    (D) Professional development supplement.--The 
                Director shall carry out a five-year pilot initiative 
                to award up to 2,500 administrative supplements of up 
                to $2,000 to existing research grants annually, on a 
                competitive basis, to support professional development 
                experiences for graduate students and postdoctoral 
                researchers who receive a substantial portion of their 
                support under such grants, as determined by the 
                Director. Not more than 10 percent of supplements 
                awarded under this subparagraph may be used to support 
                professional development experiences for postdoctoral 
                researchers.
                    (E) Graduate education research.--The Director 
                shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to 
                institutions of higher education or non-profit 
                organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
                organizations) to support research on the graduate 
                education system and outcomes of various interventions 
                and policies, including--
                            (i) the effects of traineeships, 
                        fellowships, internships, and teaching and 
                        research assistantships on outcomes for 
                        graduate students;
                            (ii) the effects of graduate education and 
                        mentoring policies and procedures on degree 
                        completion, including differences by--
                                    (I) gender, race and ethnicity, 
                                sexual orientation, gender identity, 
                                and citizenship; and
                                    (II) student debt load;
                            (iii) the development and assessment of new 
                        or adapted interventions, including approaches 
                        that improve mentoring relationships, develop 
                        conflict management skills, and promote healthy 
                        research teams; and
                            (iv) research, data collection, and 
                        assessment of the state of graduate student 
                        mental health and wellbeing, factors 
                        contributing to and consequences of poor 
                        graduate student mental health, and the 
                        development, adaptation, and assessment of 
                        evidence-based strategies and policies to 
                        support emotional wellbeing and mental health.
            (2) Graduate research fellowship program update.--
                    (A) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
                that the Foundation should increase the number of new 
                graduate research fellows supported annually over the 
                next 5 years to no fewer than 3,000 fellows.
                    (B) Program update.--Section 10 of the National 
                Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1869) is 
                amended--
                            (i) in subsection (a), by inserting ``and 
                        as will address national workforce demand in 
                        critical STEM fields'' after ``throughout the 
                        United States'';
                            (ii) in subsection (b), by striking ``of 
                        $12,000'' and inserting ``of at least 
                        $16,000''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Outreach.--The Director shall ensure program outreach to 
recruit fellowship applicants from fields of study that are in areas of 
critical national need, from all regions of the country, and from 
historically underrepresented populations in STEM.''.
                    (C) Cybersecurity scholarships and graduate 
                fellowships.--The Director shall ensure that students 
                pursuing master's degrees and doctoral degrees in 
                fields relating to cybersecurity are considered as 
                applicants for scholarships and graduate fellowships 
                under the Graduate Research Fellowship Program under 
                section 10 of the National Science Foundation Act of 
                1950 (42 U.S.C. 1869).
            (3) Study on graduate student funding.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter 
                into an agreement with a qualified independent 
                organization to evaluate--
                            (i) the role of the Foundation in 
                        supporting graduate student education and 
                        training through fellowships, traineeships, and 
                        other funding models; and
                            (ii) the impact of different funding 
                        mechanisms on graduate student experiences and 
                        outcomes, including whether such mechanisms 
                        have differential impacts on subsets of the 
                        student population.
                    (B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this Act, the organization charged with 
                carrying out the study under subparagraph (A) shall 
                publish the results of its evaluation, including a 
                recommendation for the appropriate balance between 
                fellowships, traineeships, and other funding models.
            (4) Fellowships and traineeships for early-career ai 
        researchers.--
                    (A) Artificial intelligence traineeships.--
                            (i) In general.--The Director of the 
                        National Science Foundation shall award grants 
                        to institutions of higher education to 
                        establish traineeship programs for graduate 
                        students who pursue artificial intelligence-
                        related research leading to a masters or 
                        doctorate degree by providing funding and other 
                        assistance, and by providing graduate students 
                        opportunities for research experiences in 
                        government or industry related to the students' 
                        artificial intelligence studies.
                            (ii) Use of funds.--A institution of higher 
                        education shall use grant funds provided under 
                        clause (i) for the purposes of--
                                    (I) providing traineeships to 
                                students who are pursuing research in 
                                artificial intelligence leading to a 
                                masters or doctorate degree;
                                    (II) paying tuition and fees for 
                                students receiving traineeships;
                                    (III) creating and requiring 
                                courses or training programs in 
                                technology ethics for students 
                                receiving traineeships;
                                    (IV) creating opportunities for 
                                research in technology ethics for 
                                students receiving traineeships;
                                    (V) establishing scientific 
                                internship programs for students 
                                receiving traineeships in artificial 
                                intelligence at for-profit 
                                institutions, nonprofit research 
                                institutions, or government 
                                laboratories; and
                                    (VI) other costs associated with 
                                the administration of the program.
                    (B) Artificial intelligence fellowships.--The 
                Director of the National Science Foundation shall award 
                fellowships to masters and doctoral students and 
                postdoctoral researchers who are pursuing degrees or 
                research in artificial intelligence and related fields, 
                including in the field of technology ethics. In making 
                such awards, the Director shall conduct outreach, 
                including through formal solicitations, to solicit 
                proposals from students and postdoctoral researchers 
                seeking to carry out research in aspects of technology 
                ethics with relevance to artificial intelligence 
                systems.
    (e) Stem Workforce Data.--
            (1) Skilled technical workforce portfolio review.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall 
                conduct a full portfolio analysis of the Foundation's 
                skilled technical workforce investments across all 
                Directorates in the areas of education, research, 
                infrastructure, data collection, and analysis.
                    (B) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
                of the review under subparagraph (A) is complete, the 
                Director shall submit to Congress and make widely 
                available to the public a summary report of the 
                portfolio review.
            (2) Survey data.--
                    (A) Rotating topic modules.--To meet evolving needs 
                for data on the state of the science and engineering 
                workforce, the Director shall assess, through 
                coordination with other Federal statistical agencies 
                and drawing on input from relevant stakeholders, the 
                feasibility and benefits of incorporating questions or 
                topic modules to existing National Center for Science 
                and Engineering Statistics surveys that would vary from 
                cycle to cycle.
                    (B) New data.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to 
                Congress and the Board the results of an assessment, 
                carried out in coordination with other Federal agencies 
                and with input from relevant stakeholders, of the 
                feasibility and benefits of incorporating new questions 
                or topic modules to existing National Center for 
                Science and Engineering Statistics surveys on--
                            (i) the skilled technical workforce;
                            (ii) working conditions and work-life 
                        balance;
                            (iii) harassment and discrimination;
                            (iv) sexual orientation and gender 
                        identity;
                            (v) immigration and emigration; and
                            (vi) any other topics at the discretion of 
                        the Director.
                    (C) Longitudinal design.--The Director shall 
                continue and accelerate efforts to enhance the 
                usefulness of National Center for Science and 
                Engineering Statistics survey data for longitudinal 
                research and analysis.
                    (D) Government accountability office review.--Not 
                later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
                Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
                submit a report to Congress that--
                            (i) evaluates Foundation processes for 
                        ensuring the data and analysis produced by the 
                        National Center for Science and Engineering 
                        Statistics meets current and future needs; and
                            (ii) includes such recommendations as the 
                        Comptroller General determines are appropriate 
                        to improve such processes.
    (f) Cyber Workforce Development Research and Development.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall award grants on a 
        merit-reviewed, competitive basis to institutions of higher 
        education or non-profit organizations (or a consortia of such 
        institutions or organizations) to carry out research on the 
        cyber workforce.
            (2) Research.--In carrying out research pursuant to 
        paragraph (1), the Director shall support research and 
        development activities to--
                    (A) Understand the current state of the cyber 
                workforce, including factors that influence growth, 
                retention, and development of that workforce;
                    (B) examine paths to entry and re-entry into the 
                cyber workforce;
                    (C) understand trends of the cyber workforce, 
                including demographic representation, educational and 
                professional backgrounds present, competencies 
                available, and factors that shape employee recruitment, 
                development, and retention and how to increase the 
                size, diversity, and capability of the cyber workforce;
                    (D) examine and evaluate training practices, 
                models, programs, and technologies; and
                    (E) other closely related topics as the Director 
                determines appropriate.
            (3) Requirements.--In carrying out the activities described 
        in paragraph (1), the Director shall--
                    (A) collaborate with the National Institute for 
                Standards and Technology, including the National 
                Initiative for Cybersecurity Education, the Department 
                of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, the 
                Office of Personnel Management, and other Federal 
                departments and agencies, as appropriate;
                    (B) align with or build on the National Initiative 
                on Cybersecurity Education Cybersecurity Workforce 
                Framework wherever practicable and applicable;
                    (C) leverage the collective body of knowledge from 
                existing cyber workforce development research and 
                education activities; and
                    (D) engage with other Federal departments and 
                agencies, research communities, and potential users of 
                information produced under this subsection.
    (g) Federal Cyber Scholarship-for-Service Program.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) since cybersecurity risks are constant in the 
                growing digital world, it is critical that the United 
                States stay ahead of malicious cyber activity with a 
                workforce that can safeguard our innovation, research, 
                and work environments; and
                    (B) Federal investments into the Federal Cyber 
                Scholarship-for-Service Program at the National Science 
                Foundation play a critical role in preparing and 
                sustaining a strong, talented, and much-needed national 
                cybersecurity workforce and should be strengthened.
            (2) In general.--Section 302(b)(1) of the Cybersecurity 
        Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 7442(b)(1)) is amended by 
        striking the semicolon at the end and inserting the following 
        ``and cybersecurity-related aspects of other related fields as 
        appropriate, including artificial intelligence, quantum 
        computing and aerospace.''.
    (h) Cybersecurity Workforce Data Initiative.--The Director, acting 
through the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics 
established in section 505 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act 
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p) and in coordination with the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate 
Federal statistical agencies, shall establish a cybersecurity workforce 
data initiative that--
            (1) assesses the feasibility of providing nationally 
        representative estimates and statistical information on the 
        cybersecurity workforce;
            (2) utilizes the National Initiative for Cybersecurity 
        Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NIST 
        Special Publication 800-181), or other frameworks, as 
        appropriate, to enable a consistent measurement of the 
        cybersecurity workforce;
            (3) utilizes and complements existing data on employer 
        requirements and unfilled positions in the cybersecurity 
        workforce;
            (4) consults key stakeholders and the broader community of 
        practice in cybersecurity workforce development to determine 
        data requirements needed to strengthen the cybersecurity 
        workforce;
            (5) evaluates existing Federal survey data for information 
        pertinent to developing national estimates of the cybersecurity 
        workforce;
            (6) evaluates administrative data and other supplementary 
        data sources, as available, to describe and measure the 
        cybersecurity workforce; and
            (7) collects statistical data, to the greatest extent 
        practicable, on credential attainment and employment outcomes 
        information for the cybersecurity workforce.

SEC. 6. BROADENING PARTICIPATION.

    (a) Presidential Awards for Excellence in Mathematics and Science 
Teaching.--
            (1) In general.--Section 117(a) of the National Science 
        Foundation Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C.1881b(a)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``108'' and inserting 
                        ``110'';
                            (ii) by striking clause (iv);
                            (iii) in clause (v), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting ``; and'';
                            (iv) by redesignating clauses (i), (ii), 
                        (iii), and (v) as subclauses (I), (II), (III), 
                        and (IV), respectively, and moving the margins 
                        of such subclauses (as so redesignated) two ems 
                        to the right; and
                            (v) by striking ``In selecting teachers'' 
                        and all that follows through ``two teachers--'' 
                        and inserting the following:
    ``(C) In selecting teachers for an award authorized by this 
subsection, the President shall select--
            ``(i) at least two teachers--''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), as designated by paragraph 
                (1)(A)(v), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(ii) at least one teacher--
                    ``(I) from the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
                Islands;
                    ``(II) from American Samoa;
                    ``(III) from the Virgin Islands of the United 
                States; and
                    ``(IV) from Guam.''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendments made by paragraph (1) 
        shall apply with respect to awards made on or after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program Update.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
        over the next five years the Foundation should increase the 
        number of scholarships awarded under the Robert Noyce Teacher 
        Scholarship program established under section 10 of the 
        National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 (42 
        U.S.C. 1862n-1) by 50 percent.
            (2) Outreach.--To increase the diversity of participants, 
        the Director shall support symposia, forums, conferences, and 
        other activities to expand and enhance outreach to--
                    (A) historically Black colleges and universities 
                that are part B institutions, as defined in section 
                322(2) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                1061(2));
                    (B) minority institutions, as defined in section 
                365(3) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                1067k(3));
                    (C) institutions of higher education that are 
                located near or serve rural communities;
                    (D) labor organizations;
                    (E) emerging research institutions; and
                    (F) higher education programs that serve or support 
                veterans.
    (c) NSF INCLUDES Initiative.--The Director shall award grants and 
cooperative agreements, on a competitive basis, to institutions of 
higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such 
institutions or organizations) to carry out a comprehensive national 
initiative to facilitate the development of networks and partnerships 
to build on and scale up effective practices in broadening 
participation in STEM studies and careers of groups historically 
underrepresented in such studies and careers.
    (d) Broadening Participation on Major Facilities Awards.--The 
Director shall require organizations seeking a cooperative agreement 
for the management of the operations and maintenance of a Foundation 
project to demonstrate prior experience and current capabilities in 
employing best practices in broadening participation in science and 
engineering and ensure implementation of such practices is considered 
in oversight of the award.
    (e) Partnerships With Emerging Research Institutions.--The Director 
shall establish a five-year pilot program to enhance partnerships 
between emerging research institutions and institutions classified as 
very high research activity by the Carnegie Classification of 
Institutions of Higher Education at the time of application. In 
carrying out this program, the Director shall--
            (1) require that each proposal submitted by a multi-
        institution collaboration for an award, including those under 
        section 9, that exceeds $1,000,000, as appropriate, specify how 
        the applicants will support substantive, meaningful, and 
        mutually-beneficial partnerships with one or more emerging 
        research institutions;
            (2) require awardees funded under paragraph (1) to direct 
        no less than 25 percent of the total award to one or more 
        emerging research institutions to build research capacity, 
        including through support for faculty salaries and training, 
        field and laboratory research experiences for undergraduate and 
        graduate students, and maintenance and repair of research 
        equipment and instrumentation;
            (3) require awardees funded under paragraph (1) to report 
        on the partnership activities as part of the annual reporting 
        requirements of the Foundation;
            (4) solicit feedback on the partnership directly from 
        partner emerging research institutions, in such form as the 
        Director deems appropriate; and
            (5) submit a report to Congress after the third year of the 
        pilot program that includes--
                    (A) an assessment, drawing on feedback from the 
                research community and other sources of information, of 
                the effectiveness of the pilot program for improving 
                the quality of partnerships with emerging research 
                institutions; and
                    (B) if deemed effective, a plan for permanent 
                implementation of the pilot program.
    (f) Tribal Colleges and Universities Program Update.--
            (1) In general.--Section 525 of the America COMPETES 
        Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-13) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a) by--
                            (i) striking ``Native American'' and 
                        inserting ``American Indian, Alaska Native, and 
                        Native Hawaiian''; and
                            (ii) inserting ``post-secondary credentials 
                        and'' before ``associate's''; and
                            (iii) striking ``or baccalaureate degrees'' 
                        and inserting ``, baccalaureate, and graduate 
                        degrees''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b) by striking 
                ``undergraduate''; and
                    (C) in subsection (c) by inserting ``and STEM'' 
                after ``laboratory''.
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Director to carry out this program 
        $107,250,000 for fiscal year 2022 through fiscal year 2026.
    (g) Diversity in Tech Research.--The Director shall award grants, 
on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-
profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
organizations) to support basic and applied research that yields a 
scientific evidence base for improving the design and emergence, 
development and deployment, and management and ultimate effectiveness 
of organizations of all kinds, including research related to diversity, 
equity, and inclusion in the technology sector.
    (h) Continuing Support for EPSCoR.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--
                    (A) In general.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                            (i) since maintaining the Nation's 
                        scientific and economic leadership requires the 
                        participation of talented individuals 
                        nationwide, EPSCoR investments into State 
                        research and education capacities are in the 
                        Federal interest and should be sustained; and
                            (ii) EPSCoR should maintain its 
                        experimental component by supporting innovative 
                        methods for improving research capacity and 
                        competitiveness.
                    (B) Definition of epscor.--In this subsection, the 
                term ``EPSCoR'' has the meaning given the term in 
                section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act 
                of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p note).
            (2) Update of epscor.--Section 517(f)(2) of the America 
        COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-9(f)(2)) 
        is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) to increase the capacity of rural communities 
                to provide quality STEM education and STEM workforce 
                development programming to students, and teachers; 
                and''.
    (i) Fostering STEM Research Diversity and Capacity Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall establish a program to 
        make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible 
        institutions to implement and study innovative approaches for 
        building research capacity in order to engage and retain 
        students from a range of institutions and diverse backgrounds 
        in STEM.
            (2) Eligible institution defined.--In this subsection the 
        term ``eligible institution'' means an institution of higher 
        education that, according to the data published by the National 
        Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on 
        average, among the top 100 institutions in Federal research and 
        development expenditures during the 3 year period prior to the 
        year of the award.
            (3) Purpose.--The program established in paragraph (1) 
        shall be focused on achieving simultaneous impacts at the 
        student, faculty, and institutional levels by increasing the 
        research capacity at eligible institutions and the number of 
        undergraduate and graduate students pursuing STEM degrees from 
        eligible institutions.
            (4) Requirements.--In carrying out this program, the 
        Director shall--
                    (A) require eligible institutions seeking funding 
                under this subsection to submit an application to the 
                Director at such time, in such manner, containing such 
                information and assurances as the Director may require. 
                The application shall include, at a minimum a 
                description of how the eligible institution plans to 
                sustain the proposed activities beyond the duration of 
                the grant;
                    (B) require applicants to identify disciplines and 
                focus areas in which the eligible institution can 
                excel, and explain how the applicant will use the award 
                to build capacity to bolster the institutional research 
                competitiveness of eligible entities to support grants 
                awarded by the Foundation and increase regional and 
                national capacity in STEM;
                    (C) require the awards funded under this subsection 
                to support research and related activities, which may 
                include--
                            (i) development or expansion of research 
                        programs in disciplines and focus areas in 
                        subparagraph (B);
                            (ii) faculty recruitment and professional 
                        development in disciplines and focus areas in 
                        subparagraph (B), including for early-career 
                        researchers;
                            (iii) stipends for undergraduate and 
                        graduate students participating in research in 
                        disciplines and focus areas in subparagraph 
                        (B);
                            (iv) acquisition of instrumentation 
                        necessary to build research capacity at an 
                        eligible institution in disciplines and focus 
                        areas in subparagraph (B);
                            (v) an assessment of capacity-building and 
                        research infrastructure needs;
                            (vi) administrative research development 
                        support; and
                            (vii) other activities necessary to build 
                        research capacity; and
                    (D) require that no eligible institution should 
                receive more than $10,000,000 in any single year of 
                funds made available under this section.
            (5) Additional considerations.--In awarding a grant under 
        this subsection, the Director may also consider--
                    (A) the extent to which the applicant will support 
                students from diverse backgrounds, including first-
                generation undergraduate students;
                    (B) the geographic and institutional diversity of 
                the applying institutions; and
                    (C) how the applicants can leverage public-private 
                partnerships and existing partnerships with Federal 
                Research Agencies.
            (6) Duplication.--The Director shall ensure the awards made 
        under this subsection are complementary and not duplicative of 
        existing program;
            (7) Report.--The Director shall submit a report to Congress 
        after the third year of the program that includes--
                    (A) an assessment of the effectiveness of the 
                program for growing the geographic and institutional 
                diversity of Institutions of Higher Education receiving 
                research awards from the Foundation;
                    (B) an assessment of the quality, quantity and 
                geographic and institutional diversity of Institutions 
                of Higher Education conducting Foundation sponsored 
                research since the establishment of the program in this 
                subsection;
                    (C) an assessment of the quantity and diversity of 
                undergraduate and graduate students graduating from 
                eligible institutions with STEM degrees; and
                    (D) statistical summary data on the program, 
                including the geographic and institutional allocation 
                of award funding, the number and diversity of supported 
                graduate and undergraduate students, and how it 
                contributes to capacity building at eligible entities.
            (8) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Director $150,000,000 for each of the 
        fiscal years 2022 through 2026 to carry out the activities 
        under this subsection.
    (j) Capacity-building Program for Developing Universities.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall make awards, on a competitive basis, to 
        eligible institutions described in paragraph (2) to support the 
        mission of the Foundation and to build institutional research 
        capacity at eligible institutions.
            (2) Eligible institution.--
                    (A) In general.--To be eligible to receive an award 
                under this subsection, an institution--
                            (i) shall be--
                                    (I) a historically Black college or 
                                university;
                                    (II) a Tribal College or 
                                University;
                                    (III) a minority-serving 
                                institution; or
                                    (IV) an institution of higher 
                                education with an established STEM 
                                capacity building program focused on 
                                traditionally underrepresented 
                                populations in STEM, including Native 
                                Hawaiians, Alaska Natives, and Indians; 
                                and
                            (ii) shall have not more than $50,000,000 
                        in annual federally-financed research and 
                        development expenditures for science and 
                        engineering as reported through the National 
                        Science Foundation Higher Education Research 
                        and Development Survey.
                    (B) Partnerships.--An eligible institution 
                receiving a grant under this subsection may carry out 
                the activities of the grant through a partnership with 
                other entities, including community colleges and other 
                eligible institutions.
            (3) Proposals.--To receive an award under this subsection, 
        an eligible institution shall submit an application to the 
        Director at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
        information as the Director may require, including a plan that 
        describes how the eligible institution will establish or expand 
        research office capacity and how such award would be used to--
                    (A) conduct an assessment of capacity-building and 
                research infrastructure needs of an eligible 
                institution;
                    (B) enhance institutional resources to provide 
                administrative research development support to faculty 
                at an eligible institution;
                    (C) bolster the institutional research 
                competitiveness of an eligible institution to support 
                grants awarded by the Foundation;
                    (D) support the acquisition of instrumentation 
                necessary to build research capacity at an eligible 
                institution in research areas directly associated with 
                the Foundation;
                    (E) increase capability of an eligible institution 
                to move technology into the marketplace;
                    (F) increase engagement with industry to execute 
                research through the SBIR and STTR programs (as defined 
                in section 9(e) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
                638(e)) and direct contracts at an eligible 
                institution;
                    (G) provide student engagement and research 
                training opportunities at the undergraduate, graduate, 
                and postdoctoral levels at an eligible institution;
                    (H) further faculty development initiatives and 
                strengthen institutional research training 
                infrastructure, capacity, and competitiveness of an 
                eligible institution; or
                    (I) address plans and prospects for long-term 
                sustainability of institutional enhancements at an 
                eligible institution resulting from the award 
                including, if applicable, how the award may be 
                leveraged by an eligible institution to build a broader 
                base of support.
            (4) Awards.--Awards made under this subsection shall be for 
        periods of 3 years, and may be extended for periods of not more 
        than 5 years.
            (5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Historically black college or university.--The 
                term ``historically Black college or university'' has 
                the meaning given the term ``part B institution'' in 
                section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1061).
                    (B) Minority-serving institution.--The term 
                ``minority-serving institution'' or ``MSI'' means--
                            (i) a Hispanic-serving institution as 
                        defined in section 502 of the Higher Education 
                        Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a);
                            (ii) an Alaska Native-serving Institution 
                        or a Native Hawaiian-serving institution as 
                        such terms are defined in section 317 of the 
                        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d); 
                        and
                            (iii) a Predominantly Black institution, an 
                        Asian American and Native American Pacific 
                        Islander-serving institution, or a Native 
                        American-serving nontribal institution as such 
                        terms are defined in section 371 of the Higher 
                        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(c)).
                    (C) Tribal college or university.--The term 
                ``Tribal College or University'' has the meaning given 
                such term in section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 
                1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).
            (6) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 
        2026 to carry out the activities in this Act.
    (k) Chief Diversity Officer of the NSF.--
            (1) Chief diversity officer.--
                    (A) Appointment.--The Director shall appoint a 
                senior agency official within the Office of the 
                Director as a Chief Diversity Officer.
                    (B) Qualifications.--The Chief Diversity Officer 
                shall have significant experience, within the Federal 
                Government and the science community, with diversity- 
                and inclusion-related matters, including--
                            (i) civil rights compliance;
                            (ii) harassment policy, reviews, and 
                        investigations;
                            (iii) equal employment opportunity; and
                            (iv) disability policy.
                    (C) Oversight.--The Chief Diversity Officer shall 
                direct the Office of Diversity and Inclusion of the 
                Foundation and report directly to the Director in the 
                performance of the duties of the Chief Diversity 
                Officer under this subsection.
            (2) Duties.--The Chief Diversity Officer is responsible for 
        providing advice on policy, oversight, guidance, and 
        coordination with respect to matters of the Foundation related 
        to diversity and inclusion, including ensuring the geographic 
        diversity of the Foundation programs. Other duties may 
        include--
                    (A) establishing and maintaining a strategic plan 
                that publicly states a diversity definition, vision, 
                and goals for the Foundation;
                    (B) defining a set of strategic metrics that are--
                            (i) directly linked to key organizational 
                        priorities and goals;
                            (ii) actionable; and
                            (iii) actively used to implement the 
                        strategic plan under paragraph (1);
                    (C) advising in the establishment of a strategic 
                plan for diverse participation by individuals and 
                institutions of higher education, including community 
                colleges, historically Black colleges and universities, 
                Tribal colleges or universities, minority-serving 
                institutions, institutions of higher education with an 
                established STEM capacity building program focused on 
                traditionally underrepresented populations in STEM, 
                including Native Hawaiians, Alaska Natives, and 
                Indians, and institutions from jurisdictions eligible 
                to participate under section 113 of the National 
                Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 
                1862g);
                    (D) advising in the establishment of a strategic 
                plan for outreach to, and recruiting from, untapped 
                locations and underrepresented populations;
                    (E) advising on a diversity and inclusion strategy 
                for the Foundation's portfolio of PreK-12 STEM 
                education focused programs and activities, including 
                goals for addressing barriers to participation;
                    (F) advising on the application of the Foundation's 
                broader impacts review criterion; and
                    (G) performing such additional duties and exercise 
                such powers as the Director may prescribe.
            (3) Funding.--From any amounts appropriated for the 
        Foundation for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, the 
        Director shall allocate $5,000,000 to carry out this subsection 
        for each such year.

SEC. 7. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.

    (a) Broader Impacts.--
            (1) Assessment.--Not later than 45 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into an 
        agreement with a qualified independent organization to assess 
        how the Broader Impacts review criterion is applied across the 
        Foundation and make recommendations for improving the 
        effectiveness for meeting the goals established in section 526 
        of the America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote 
        Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science 
        Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14).
            (2) Activities.--The Director shall award grants on a 
        competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-
        profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
        organizations) to support activities to increase the 
        efficiency, effectiveness, and availability of resources for 
        implementing the Broader Impacts review criterion, including--
                    (A) training and workshops for program officers, 
                merit review panelists, grant office administrators, 
                faculty, and students to improve understanding of the 
                goals and the full range of potential broader impacts 
                available to researchers to satisfy this criterion;
                    (B) repositories and clearinghouses for sharing 
                best practices and facilitating collaboration; and
                    (C) tools for evaluating and documenting societal 
                impacts of research.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Director should continue to identify opportunities to reduce the 
administrative burden on researchers.
    (c) Research Integrity and Security.--
            (1) Office of research security and policy.--The Director 
        shall maintain a Research Security and Policy office within the 
        Office of the Director with no fewer than 4 full time 
        equivalent positions, in addition to the Chief of Research 
        Security established in paragraph (2) of this subsection. The 
        functions of the Research Security and Policy office shall be 
        to coordinate all research security policy issues across the 
        Foundation, including by--
                    (A) consulting and coordinating with the Foundation 
                Office of Inspector General and with other Federal 
                science agencies and intelligence and law enforcement 
                agencies, as appropriate, through the National Science 
                and Technology Council in accordance with the authority 
                provided under section 1746 of the National Defense 
                Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116-
                92; 42 U.S.C. 6601 note), to identify and address 
                potential security risks that threaten research 
                integrity and other risks to the research enterprise;
                    (B) serving as the Foundation's primary resource 
                for all issues related to the security and integrity of 
                the conduct of Foundation-supported research;
                    (C) conducting outreach and education activities 
                for awardees on research policies and potential 
                security risks;
                    (D) educating Foundation program managers and other 
                directorate staff on evaluating Foundation awards and 
                awardees for potential security risks; and
                    (E) communicating reporting and disclosure 
                requirements to awardees and applicants for funding.
            (2) Chief of research security.--The Director shall appoint 
        a senior agency official within the Office of the Director as a 
        Chief of Research Security, whose primary responsibility is to 
        manage the office established under paragraph (1).
            (3) Report to congress.--No later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide a 
        report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate on the resources and 
        the number of full time employees needed to carry out the 
        functions of the Office established in paragraph (1).
            (4) Online resource.--The Director shall develop an online 
        resource hosted on the Foundation's website containing up-to-
        date information, tailored for institutions and individual 
        researchers, including--
                    (A) an explanation of Foundation research security 
                policies;
                    (B) unclassified guidance on potential security 
                risks that threaten scientific integrity and other 
                risks to the research enterprise;
                    (C) examples of beneficial international 
                collaborations and how such collaborations differ from 
                foreign government interference efforts that threaten 
                research integrity;
                    (D) promising practices for mitigating security 
                risks that threaten research integrity; and
                    (E) additional reference materials, including tools 
                that assist organizations seeking Foundation funding 
                and awardees in information disclosure to the 
                Foundation.
            (5) Risk assessment center.--The Director shall enter into 
        an agreement with a qualified independent organization to 
        create a new risk assessment center to--
                    (A) help the Foundation develop the online 
                resources under paragraph (4); and
                    (B) help awardees in assessing and identifying 
                issues related to nondisclosure of current and pending 
                research funding, risks to the Foundation merit review 
                process, and other issues that may negatively affect 
                the Foundation proposal and award process due to undue 
                foreign interference.
            (6) Research grants.--The Director shall continue to award 
        grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher 
        education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such 
        institutions or organizations) to support research on the 
        conduct of research and the research environment, including 
        research on research misconduct or breaches of research 
        integrity and detrimental research practices.
            (7) Authorities.--
                    (A) In general.--In addition to existing 
                authorities for preventing waste, fraud, abuse, and 
                mismanagement of federal funds, the Director, acting 
                through the Office of Research Security and Policy and 
                in coordination with the Foundation's Office of 
                Inspector General, shall have the authority to--
                            (i) conduct risk assessments, including 
                        through the use of open-source analysis and 
                        analytical tools, of research and development 
                        award applications and disclosures to the 
                        Foundation, in coordination with the Risk 
                        Assessment Center established in paragraph (5);
                            (ii) request the submission to the 
                        Foundation, by an institution of higher 
                        education or other organization applying for a 
                        research and development award, of supporting 
                        documentation, including copies of contracts, 
                        grants, or any other agreement specific to 
                        foreign appointments, employment with a foreign 
                        institution, participation in a foreign talent 
                        program and other information reported as 
                        current and pending support for all covered 
                        individuals in a research and development award 
                        application; and
                            (iii) upon receipt and review of the 
                        information provided under clause (ii) and in 
                        consultation with the institution of higher 
                        education or other organization submitting such 
                        information, initiate the substitution or 
                        removal of a covered individual from a research 
                        and development award, reduce the award funding 
                        amount, or suspend or terminate the award if 
                        the Director determines such contracts, grants, 
                        or agreements include obligations that--
                                    (I) interfere with the capacity for 
                                Foundation-supported activities to be 
                                carried out; or
                                    (II) create duplication with 
                                Foundation-supported activities.
                    (B) Limitations.--In exercising the authorities 
                under this paragraph, the Director shall--
                            (i) take necessary steps, as practicable, 
                        to protect the privacy of all covered 
                        individuals and other parties involved in the 
                        application and disclosure assessments under 
                        clause (A)(i);
                            (ii) endeavor to provide justification for 
                        requests for supporting documentation made 
                        under clause (A)(ii);
                            (iii) require that allegations be proven by 
                        a preponderance of evidence; and
                            (iv) as practicable, afford subjects an 
                        opportunity to provide comments and rebuttal 
                        and an opportunity to appeal before final 
                        administrative action is taken.
            (8) Malign foreign talent recruitment program 
        prohibition.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 12 months after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall 
                establish a requirement that, as part of an application 
                for a research and development award from the agency--
                            (i) each covered individual listed on the 
                        application for a research and development 
                        award certify that they are not an active 
                        participant of a malign foreign talent 
                        recruitment program from a foreign country of 
                        concern and will not be a participant in such a 
                        program for the duration of the award; and
                            (ii) each institution of higher education 
                        or other organization applying for such an 
                        award certify that each covered individual who 
                        is employed by the institution of higher 
                        education or other organization has been made 
                        aware of the requirement under this subsection.
                    (B) International collaboration.--Each policy 
                developed under subparagraph (A) shall not prohibit--
                            (i) making scholarly presentations 
                        regarding scientific information not otherwise 
                        controlled under current law;
                            (ii) participation in international 
                        conferences or other international exchanges, 
                        partnerships or programs that involve open and 
                        reciprocal exchange of scientific information, 
                        and which are aimed at advancing international 
                        scientific understanding; and
                            (iii) other international activities deemed 
                        appropriate by the Director.
                    (C) Limitation.--The policy developed under 
                subparagraph (A) shall not apply retroactively to 
                research and development awards made prior to the 
                establishment of the policy by the Director.
                    (D) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                            (i) Covered individual.--The term ``covered 
                        individual'' means the principal investigator, 
                        co-principal investigators, and any other 
                        person at the institution who is responsible 
                        for the design, conduct, or reporting of 
                        research or educational activities funded or 
                        proposed for funding by the Foundation.
                            (ii) Foreign country of concern.--The term 
                        ``foreign country of concern'' means the 
                        People's Republic of China, the Democratic 
                        People's Republic of Korea, the Russian 
                        Federation, the Islamic Republic of Iran, or 
                        any other country deemed to be a country of 
                        concern as determined by the Department of 
                        State.
                            (iii) Malign foreign government talent 
                        recruitment program.--The term ``malign foreign 
                        government talent recruitment program'' means 
                        any program or activity that includes 
                        compensation, including cash, research funding, 
                        honorific titles, promised future compensation, 
                        or other types of remuneration, provided by the 
                        foreign state or an entity sponsored by the 
                        foreign state to the targeted individual in 
                        exchange for the individual transferring 
                        knowledge and expertise to the foreign country.
            (9) Security training modules.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Director, in 
                collaboration with the Director of the National 
                Institutes of Health and other relevant Federal 
                research agencies, shall enter into an agreement or 
                contract with a qualified entity for the development of 
                online research security training modules for the 
                research community, including modules focused on 
                international collaboration and international travel, 
                foreign interference, and rules for proper use of 
                funds, disclosure, conflict of commitment, and conflict 
                of interest.
                    (B) Stakeholder input.--Prior to entering into the 
                agreement under clause (A), the Director shall seek 
                input from academic, private sector, intelligence, and 
                law enforcement stakeholders regarding the scope and 
                content of training modules, including the diversity of 
                needs across institutions of higher education and other 
                grantees of different sizes and types, and 
                recommendations for minimizing administrative burden on 
                institutions of higher education and researchers.
                    (C) Development.--The Director shall ensure that 
                the entity identified in (A)--
                            (i) develops modules that can be adapted 
                        and utilized across Federal science agencies; 
                        and
                            (ii) develops and implements a plan for 
                        regularly updating the modules as needed.
                    (D) Guidelines.--The Director, in collaboration 
                with the Director of the National Institutes of Health, 
                shall develop guidelines for institutions of higher 
                education and other organizations receiving Federal 
                research and development funds to use in developing 
                their own training programs to address the unique 
                needs, challenges, and risk profiles of such 
                institutions, including adoption of training modules 
                developed under this paragraph.
                    (E) Implementation.--Drawing on stakeholder input 
                under subparagraph (B), not later than 12 months after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall 
                establish a requirement that, as part of an application 
                for a research and development award from the 
                Foundation--
                            (i) each covered individual listed on the 
                        application for a research and development 
                        award certify that they have completed research 
                        security training that meets the guidelines 
                        developed under clause (D) within one year of 
                        the application; and
                            (ii) each institution of higher education 
                        or other organization applying for such award 
                        certify that each covered individual who is 
                        employed by the institution or organization and 
                        listed on the application has been made aware 
                        of the requirement under this subparagraph.
                    (F) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                            (i) Covered individual.--The term ``covered 
                        individual'' means the principal investigator, 
                        co-principal investigators, and any other 
                        person at the institution who is responsible 
                        for the design, conduct, or reporting of 
                        research or educational activities funded or 
                        proposed for funding by the Foundation.
                            (ii) Federal research agency.--The term 
                        ``Federal research agency'' means any Federal 
                        agency with an annual extramural research 
                        expenditure of over $100,000,000.
                            (iii) Research and development award.--The 
                        term ``research and development award'' means 
                        support provided to an individual or entity by 
                        a Federal research agency to carry out research 
                        and development activities, which may include 
                        support in the form of a grant, contract, 
                        cooperative agreement, or other such 
                        transaction. The term does not include a grant, 
                        contract, agreement or other transaction for 
                        the procurement of goods or services to meet 
                        the administrative needs of a Federal research 
                        agency.
            (10) Responsible conduct in research training.--Section 
        7009 of the America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully 
        Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1862o-1) is amended by--
                    (A) striking ``and postdoctoral researchers'' and 
                inserting ``postdoctoral researchers, faculty, and 
                other senior personnel''; and
                    (B) by inserting before the period at the end the 
                following ``, including mentor training''.
            (11) National academies guide to responsible conduct in 
        research.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter 
                into an agreement with the Academies to update the 
                report entitled ``On Being a Scientist: A Guide to 
                Responsible Conduct in Research'' issued by the 
                Academies. The report, as so updated, shall include--
                            (i) updated professional standards of 
                        conduct in research;
                            (ii) promising practices for preventing, 
                        addressing, and mitigating the negative impact 
                        of harassment, including sexual harassment and 
                        gender harassment as defined in the 2018 
                        Academies report entitled ``Sexual Harassment 
                        of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in 
                        Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine''; 
                        and
                            (iii) promising practices for mitigating 
                        potential security risks that threaten research 
                        integrity.
                    (B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                effective date of the agreement under subparagraph (A), 
                the Academies, as part of such agreement, shall submit 
                to the Director and the Committee on Science, Space, 
                and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
                the Senate the report referred to in such subparagraph, 
                as updated pursuant to such subparagraph.
    (d) Research Ethics.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) a number of emerging areas of research have 
                potential ethical, social, safety, and security 
                implications that might be apparent as early as the 
                basic research stage;
                    (B) the incorporation of ethical, social, safety, 
                and security considerations into the research design 
                and review process for Federal awards, may help 
                mitigate potential harms before they happen;
                    (C) the Foundation's agreement with the Academies 
                to conduct a study and make recommendations with 
                respect to governance of research in emerging 
                technologies is a positive step toward accomplishing 
                this goal; and
                    (D) the Foundation should continue to work with 
                stakeholders to understand and adopt policies that 
                promote best practices for governance of research in 
                emerging technologies at every stage of research.
            (2) Ethics statements.--Drawing on stakeholder input, not 
        later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
        the Director shall amend award proposal instructions to include 
        a requirement for an ethics statement to be included as part of 
        any proposal for funding prior to making the award. Such 
        statement shall be considered by the Director in the review of 
        proposals, taking into consideration any relevant input from 
        the peer-reviewers for the proposal, and shall factor into 
        award decisions as deemed necessary by the Director. Such 
        statements may include, as appropriate--
                    (A) any foreseeable or quantifiable risks to 
                society, including how the research could enable 
                products, technologies, or other outcomes that could 
                intentionally or unintentionally cause significant 
                societal harm;
                    (B) how technical or social solutions can mitigate 
                such risks and, as appropriate, a plan to implement 
                such mitigation measures; and
                    (C) how partnerships and collaborations in the 
                research can help mitigate potential harm and amplify 
                potential societal benefits.
            (3) Guidance.--The Director shall solicit stakeholder input 
        to develop clear guidance on what constitutes a foreseeable or 
        quantifiable risk as described in paragraph (2)(A), and to the 
        extent practicable harmonize this policy with existing ethical 
        policies or related requirements for human subjects.
            (4) Research.--The Director shall award grants, on a 
        competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-
        profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
        organizations) to support--
                    (A) research to assess the potential ethical and 
                societal implications of Foundation-supported research 
                and products or technologies enabled by such research, 
                including the benefits and risks identified pursuant to 
                paragraph (2)(A); and
                    (B) the development and verification of approaches 
                to proactively mitigate foreseeable risks to society, 
                including the technical and social solutions identified 
                pursuant to paragraph (2)(B).
            (5) Annual report.--The Director shall encourage awardees 
        to update their ethics statements as appropriate as part of the 
        annual reports required by all awardees under the award terms 
        and conditions.
    (e) Research Reproducibility and Replicability.--Consistent with 
existing Federal law for privacy, intellectual property, and security, 
the Director shall facilitate the public access to research products, 
including data, software, and code, developed as part of Foundation-
supported projects.
            (1) Data management plans.--
                    (A) The Director shall require that every proposal 
                for funding for research include a machine-readable 
                data management plan that includes a description of how 
                the awardee will archive and preserve public access to 
                data, software, and code developed as part of the 
                proposed project.
                    (B) In carrying out the requirement in subparagraph 
                (A), the Director shall--
                            (i) provide necessary resources, including 
                        trainings and workshops, to educate researchers 
                        and students on how to develop and review high 
                        quality data management plans;
                            (ii) ensure program officers and merit 
                        review panels are equipped with the resources 
                        and training necessary to review the quality of 
                        data management plans; and
                            (iii) ensure program officers and merit 
                        review panels treat data management plans as 
                        essential elements of grant proposals, where 
                        appropriate.
            (2) Open repositories.--The Director shall--
                    (A) coordinate with the heads of other Federal 
                science agencies, and solicit input from the scientific 
                community, to develop and widely disseminate a set of 
                criteria for trusted open repositories, accounting for 
                discipline-specific needs and necessary protections for 
                sensitive information, to be used by Federally funded 
                researchers for the sharing of data, software, and 
                code;
                    (B) work with stakeholders to identify significant 
                gaps in available repositories meeting the criteria 
                developed under subparagraph (A) and options for 
                supporting the development of additional or enhanced 
                repositories;
                    (C) award grants on a competitive basis to 
                institutions of higher education or non-profit 
                organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
                organizations) for the development, upgrades, and 
                maintenance of open data repositories that meet the 
                criteria developed under subparagraph (A);
                    (D) work with stakeholders and build on existing 
                models, where appropriate, to establish a single, 
                public, web-based point of access to help users locate 
                repositories storing data, software, and code resulting 
                from or used in Foundation-supported projects;
                    (E) work with stakeholders to establish the 
                necessary policies and procedures and allocate the 
                necessary resources to ensure, as practicable, data 
                underlying published findings resulting from 
                Foundation-supported projects are deposited in 
                repositories meeting the criteria developed under 
                subparagraph (A) at the time of publication;
                    (F) incentivize the deposition of data, software, 
                and code into repositories that meet the criteria 
                developed under subparagraph (A); and
                    (G) coordinate with the scientific publishing 
                community to develop uniform consensus standards around 
                data archiving and sharing.
            (3) Research, development, and education.--The Director 
        shall award grants, on a competitive basis to institutions of 
        higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of 
        such institutions or organizations) to--
                    (A) support research and development of open 
                source, sustainable, usable tools and infrastructure 
                that support reproducibility for a broad range of 
                studies across different disciplines;
                    (B) support research on computational 
                reproducibility, including the limits of 
                reproducibility and the consistency of computational 
                results in the development of new computation hardware, 
                tools, and methods; and
                    (C) support the education and training of students, 
                faculty, and researchers on computational methods, 
                tools, and techniques to improve the quality and 
                sharing of data, code, and supporting metadata to 
                produce reproducible research.
    (f) Climate Change Research.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall award grants, on a 
        competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-
        profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
        organizations) to support research to improve our understanding 
        of the climate system and related human and environmental 
        systems.
            (2) Use of funds.--Activities funded by a grant under this 
        subsection may include--
                    (A) fundamental research on climate forcings, 
                feedbacks, responses, and thresholds in the earth 
                system, including impacts on and contributions from 
                local and regional systems;
                    (B) research on climate-related human behaviors and 
                institutions;
                    (C) research on climate-related risk, 
                vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity of 
                coupled human-environment systems, including risks to 
                ecosystem stability and risks to vulnerable 
                populations;
                    (D) research to support the development and 
                implementation of effective strategies and tools for 
                mitigating and adapting to climate change, including 
                social strategies and research focused on local level 
                forecasting, impacts, and challenges;
                    (E) research on the design, development, and 
                assessment of effective information and decision-
                support systems, including understanding and developing 
                effective dissemination pathways;
                    (F) improved modeling, projections, analyses, and 
                assessments of climate and other Earth system changes;
                    (G) research to understand the atmospheric 
                processes related to solar radiation management 
                strategies and technologies and examine related 
                economic, geopolitical, societal, environmental, and 
                ethical implications, not including research designed 
                to advance future deployment of these strategies and 
                technologies.
                    (H) the development of effective strategies for 
                educating and training future climate change 
                researchers, and climate change response and mitigation 
                professionals, in both research and development 
                methods, as well as community engagement and science 
                communication;
                    (I) the development of effective strategies for 
                public and community engagement in the all stages of 
                the research and development process; and
                    (J) partnerships with other agencies to address 
                climate related challenges for specific agency 
                missions.
    (g) Violence Research.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall award grants, on a 
        competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-
        profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
        organizations) to support research to improve our understanding 
        of the nature, scope, causes, consequences, prevention, and 
        response to all forms of violence.
            (2) Use of funds.--Activities funded by a grant under this 
        subsection may include--
                    (A) research on the magnitude and distribution of 
                fatal and nonfatal violence;
                    (B) research on risk and protective factors;
                    (C) research on the design, development, 
                implementation, and evaluation of interventions for 
                preventing and responding to violence;
                    (D) research on scaling up effective interventions; 
                and
                    (E) one or more interdisciplinary research centers 
                to conduct violence research, foster new and expanded 
                collaborations, and support capacity building 
                activities to increase the number and diversity of new 
                researchers trained in cross-disciplinary violence 
                research.
    (h) Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences.--The Director 
shall--
            (1) actively communicate opportunities and solicit 
        proposals for social, behavioral, and economic science 
        researchers to participate in cross-cutting and 
        interdisciplinary programs, including the Convergence 
        Accelerator and Big Ideas activities, and the Mid-Scale 
        Research Infrastructure program; and
            (2) ensure social, behavioral, and economic science 
        researchers are represented on relevant merit review panels for 
        such activities.
    (i) Measuring Impacts of Federally Funded R&D.----The Director 
shall award grants on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to 
institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support research 
and development of data, models, indicators, and associated analytical 
tools to improve our understanding of the impacts of Federally funded 
research on society, the economy, and the workforce, including domestic 
job creation.
    (j) Food-energy-water Research.--The Director shall award grants on 
a competitive basis to institutions of higher education or non-profit 
organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to--
            (1) support research to significantly advance our 
        understanding of the food-energy-water system through 
        quantitative and computational modeling, including support for 
        relevant cyberinfrastructure;
            (2) develop real-time, cyber-enabled interfaces that 
        improve understanding of the behavior of food-energy-water 
        systems and increase decision support capability;
            (3) support research that will lead to innovative solutions 
        to critical food-energy-water system problems; and
            (4) grow the scientific workforce capable of studying and 
        managing the food-energy-water system, through education and 
        other professional development.
    (k) Biological Field Stations and Marine Laboratories.--The 
Director shall continue to support enhancing, repairing and maintaining 
research instrumentation, laboratories, telecommunications and housing 
at biological field stations and marine laboratories.
    (l) Sustainable Chemistry Research and Education.--In accordance 
with section 263 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2021, the Director shall carry out activities in support of 
sustainable chemistry, including--
            (1) establishing a program to award grants, on a 
        competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-
        profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
        organizations) to support--
                    (A) individual investigators and teams of 
                investigators, including to the extent practicable, 
                early career investigators for research and 
                development;
                    (B) collaborative research and development 
                partnerships among universities, industry, and non-
                profit organizations; and
                    (C) integrating sustainable chemistry principles 
                into elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate 
                chemistry and chemical engineering curriculum and 
                research training, as appropriate to that level of 
                education and training; and
            (2) incorporating sustainable chemistry into existing 
        Foundation research and development programs.
    (m) Risk and Resilience Research.--The Director shall award grants 
on a competitive basis to institutions of higher education or non-
profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or 
organizations) to advance knowledge of risk assessment and 
predictability and to support the creation of tools and technologies, 
including advancing data analytics and utilization of artificial 
intelligence, for increased resilience through--
            (1) improvements in our ability to understand, model, and 
        predict extreme events and natural hazards, including 
        pandemics;
            (2) the creation of novel engineered systems solutions for 
        resilient complex infrastructures, particularly those that 
        address critical interdependence among infrastructures and 
        leverage the growing infusion of cyber-physical-social 
        components into the infrastructures;
            (3) development of equipment and instrumentation for 
        innovation in resilient engineered infrastructures;
            (4) multidisciplinary research on the behaviors individuals 
        and communities engage in to detect, perceive, understand, 
        predict, assess, mitigate, and prevent risks and to improve and 
        increase resilience.
            (5) advancements in multidisciplinary wildfire science, 
        including those related to air quality impacts, human behavior, 
        and early detection and warning; and
    (n) UAV Technologies.--The Director shall carry out a program of 
research and related activities for unmanned aerial vehicle 
technologies, which may include a prize competition pursuant to section 
24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3719) and support for undergraduate and graduate curriculum 
development.
    (o) Leveraging International Expertise in Research.--The Director 
shall explore and advance opportunities for leveraging international 
capabilities and resources that align with the Foundation and United 
States research community priorities and have the potential to benefit 
United States prosperity, security, health, and well-being, including 
through binational research and development organizations and 
foundations and by sending teams of Foundation scientific staff for 
site visits of scientific facilities and agencies in other countries.
    (p) Biological Research Collections.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall continue to support 
        databases, tools, methods, and other activities that secure and 
        improve existing physical and digital biological research 
        collections, improve the accessibility of collections and 
        collection-related data for research and educational purposes, 
        develop capacity for curation and collection management, and to 
        transfer ownership of collections that are significant to the 
        biological research community, including to museums and 
        universities.
            (2) Specimen management plan.--In consultation with other 
        relevant Federal science agencies, the Director shall require 
        that every proposal for funding for research that involves 
        collecting or generating specimens include a specimen 
        management plan that includes a description of how the 
        specimens and associated data will be accessioned into and 
        permanently maintained in an established biological collection.
            (3) Action center for biological collections.--The Director 
        shall award grants on a competitive basis to institutions of 
        higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of 
        such institutions or organizations) to establish an Action 
        Center for Biological Collections to facilitate coordination 
        and data sharing among communities of practice for research, 
        education, workforce training, evaluation, and business model 
        development.
    (q) Clean Water Research and Technology Acceleration.--The Director 
shall award grants on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to 
institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
consortia of such institutions or organizations) to--
            (1) support transdisciplinary research to significantly 
        advance our understanding of water availability, quality, and 
        dynamics and the impact of human activity and a changing 
        climate on urban and rural water and wastewater systems;
            (2) develop, pilot and deploy innovative technologies, 
        systems, and other approaches to identifying and addressing 
        challenges that affect water availability, quality, and 
        security, including through direct engagement with affected 
        communities and partnerships with the private sector, State, 
        tribal, and local governments, non-profit organizations and 
        water management professionals; and
            (3) grow the scientific workforce capable of studying and 
        managing water and wastewater systems, through education, 
        training, and other professional development.
    (r) Technology and Behavioral Science Research.--The Director shall 
award grants on a merit-based, competitive basis for research to--
            (1) increase understanding of social media and consumer 
        technology access and use patterns and related psychological 
        and behavioral issues, particularly for adolescents; and
            (2) explore the role of social media and consumer 
        technology in rising rates of depressive symptoms, suicidal 
        ideation, drug use, and deaths of despair, particularly for 
        communities experiencing long-term economic distress.
    (s) Manufacturing Research Amendment.--Section 506(a) of the 
America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-1(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' before ``virtual 
                manufacturing''; and
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; and artificial intelligence and machine 
                learning;''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) additive manufacturing, including new material 
        designs, complex materials, rapid printing techniques, and 
        real-time process controls; and
            ``(8) continuous manufacturing of biological products and 
        similar innovating monitoring and control techniques.''.
    (t) Critical Minerals Mining Research and Development.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to 
        institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or 
        consortium of such institutions or organizations) to support 
        basic research that will accelerate innovation to advance 
        critical minerals mining strategies and technologies for the 
        purpose of making better use of domestic resources and 
        eliminating national reliance on minerals and mineral materials 
        that are subject to supply disruptions.
            (2) Use of funds.--Activities funded by a grant under this 
        subsection may include--
                    (A) advancing mining research and development 
                activities to develop new mapping and mining 
                technologies and techniques, including advanced 
                critical mineral extraction, production, separation, 
                alloying, or processing techniques and technologies 
                that can decrease energy intensity, potential 
                environmental impact and costs of those activities;
                    (B) conducting long-term earth observation of 
                reclaimed mine sites, including the study of the 
                evolution of microbial diversity at such sites;
                    (C) examining the application of artificial 
                intelligence for geological exploration of critical 
                minerals, including what the size and diversity of data 
                sets would be required;
                    (D) examining the application of machine learning 
                for detection and sorting of critical minerals, 
                including what the size and diversity of data sets 
                would be required;
                    (E) conducting detailed isotope studies of critical 
                minerals and the development of more refined geologic 
                models;
                    (F) improved understanding of the geological and 
                geochemical processes through which critical minerals 
                form and are concentrated into economically viable 
                deposits; or
                    (G) providing training and researcher opportunities 
                to undergraduate and graduate students to prepare the 
                next generation of mining engineers and researchers.
            (3) Existing programs.--The Director shall ensure awards 
        made under this subsection are complementary and not 
        duplicative of existing programs across the foundation and 
        Federal Government.
    (u) Study of AI Research Capacity.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall conduct a study, or support the development of 
        a study through the Science and Technology Policy Institute or 
        by any other appropriate organization as determined by the 
        Director, on artificial intelligence research capacity at U.S. 
        institutions of higher education.
            (2) Study contents.--The Director shall ensure that, at a 
        minimum, the study under subsection (a) addresses the following 
        topics:
                    (A) Which universities are putting out significant 
                peer-reviewed artificial intelligence research, 
                including based on quantity and number of citations.
                    (B) For each of the universities described in 
                paragraph (1), what specific factors enable their AI 
                research, including computing power, data sets and 
                availability, specialized curriculum, and industry and 
                other partnerships.
                    (C) How universities not included in paragraph (1) 
                could implement the factors in paragraph (2) to produce 
                AI research, as well as case studies that universities 
                can look to as examples and potential pilot programs 
                that the Federal Government could develop or support to 
                help universities produce AI research.
            (3) Workshops.--The Director may support workshops to help 
        inform the study required under this subsection.
            (4) Publication.--The Director shall ensure that the study 
        carried out under this subsection is made publicly available 
        not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this 
        Act.
    (v) Advancing IoT for Precision Agriculture.--
            (1) National science foundation directive on agricultural 
        sensor research.--In awarding grants under its sensor systems 
        and networked systems programs, the Director shall include in 
        consideration of portfolio balance research and development on 
        sensor connectivity in environments of intermittent 
        connectivity and intermittent computation--
                    (A) to improve the reliable use of advance sensing 
                systems in rural and agricultural areas; and
                    (B) that considers--
                            (i) direct gateway access for locally 
                        stored data;
                            (ii) attenuation of signal transmission;
                            (iii) loss of signal transmission; and
                            (iv) at-scale performance for wireless 
                        power.
            (2) Updating considerations for precision agriculture 
        technology within the nsf advanced technical education 
        program.--Section 3 of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology 
        Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862i) is amended in subsection (e)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' after 
                the semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) applications that incorporate distance 
                learning tools and approaches.''.
            (3) GAO review.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall provide--
                    (A) a technology assessment of precision 
                agriculture technologies, such as the existing use of--
                            (i) sensors, scanners, radio-frequency 
                        identification, and related technologies that 
                        can monitor soil properties, irrigation 
                        conditions, and plant physiology;
                            (ii) sensors, scanners, radio-frequency 
                        identification, and related technologies that 
                        can monitor livestock activity and health;
                            (iii) network connectivity and wireless 
                        communications that can securely support 
                        digital agriculture technologies in rural and 
                        remote areas;
                            (iv) aerial imagery generated by satellites 
                        or unmanned aerial vehicles;
                            (v) ground-based robotics;
                            (vi) control systems design and 
                        connectivity, such as smart irrigation control 
                        systems;
                            (vii) Global Positioning System-based 
                        applications; and
                            (viii) data management software and 
                        advanced analytics that can assist decision 
                        making and improve agricultural outcomes; and
                    (B) a review of Federal programs that provide 
                support for precision agriculture research, 
                development, adoption, education, or training, in 
                existence on the date of enactment of this Act.
    (w) Astronomy and Satellite Constellations.--The Director shall 
support research into and the design, development, and testing of 
mitigation measures to address the impact of satellite constellations 
on Foundation scientific programs by--
            (1) awarding grants on a competitive basis to support 
        investigations into the impacts of satellite constellations on 
        ground-based optical, infrared, and radio astronomy, including 
        through existing programs such Spectrum and Wireless Innovation 
        enabled by Future Technologies (SWIFT) and the Spectrum 
        Innovation Initiative;
            (2) supporting research on satellite impacts and benefits 
        and mitigation strategies to be carried out at one or more 
        Foundation supported Federally Funded Research and Development 
        Centers or large facilities, as appropriate; and
            (3) supporting workshops related to the impact of satellite 
        constellations on scientific research and how those 
        constellations could be used to improve scientific research.

SEC. 8. RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) Facility Operation and Maintenance.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall continue the Facility 
        Operation Transition pilot program for a total of five years.
            (2) Cost sharing.--The Facility Operation Transition 
        program shall provide funding for 10-50 percent of the 
        operations and maintenance costs for major research facilities 
        that are within the first five years of operation, where the 
        share is determined based on--
                    (A) the operations and maintenance costs of the 
                major research facility; and
                    (B) the capacity of the managing directorate or 
                division to absorb such costs.
            (3) Report.--After the fifth year of the pilot program, the 
        Director shall transmit a report to Congress that includes--
                    (A) an assessment, that includes feedback from the 
                research community, of the effectiveness of the pilot 
                program for--
                            (i) supporting research directorates and 
                        divisions in balancing investments in research 
                        grants and funding for the initial operation 
                        and maintenance of major facilities;
                            (ii) incentivizing the development of new 
                        world-class facilities;
                            (iii) facilitating interagency and 
                        international partnerships;
                            (iv) funding core elements of multi-
                        disciplinary facilities; and
                            (v) supporting facility divestment costs; 
                        and
                    (B) if deemed effective, a plan for permanent 
                implementation of the pilot program.
    (b) Reviews.--The Director shall periodically carry out reviews 
within each of the directorates and divisions to assess the cost and 
benefits of extending the operations of research facilities that have 
exceeded their planned operational lifespan.
    (c) Helium Conservation.--
            (1) Major research instrumentation support.--
                    (A) In general.--The Director shall support, 
                through the Major Research Instrumentation program, 
                proposal requests that include the purchase, 
                installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment 
                and instrumentation to reduce consumption of helium.
                    (B) Cost sharing.--The Director may waive the cost-
                sharing requirement for helium conservation measures 
                for non-Ph.D.-granting institutions of higher education 
                and Ph.D.-granting institutions of higher education 
                that are not ranked among the top 100 institutions 
                receiving Federal research and development funding, as 
                documented by the National Center for Science and 
                Engineering Statistics.
            (2) Annual report.--No later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act and annually for the subsequent two 
        years, the Director shall submit an annual report to Congress 
        on the use of funding awarded by the Foundation for the 
        purchase and conservation of helium. The report should 
        include--
                    (A) the volume and price of helium purchased;
                    (B) changes in pricing and availability of helium; 
                and
                    (C) any supply disruptions impacting a substantial 
                number of institutions.
    (d) Advanced Computing.--
            (1) Computing needs.--To gather information about the 
        computational needs of Foundation-funded projects, the Director 
        shall require grant proposals submitted to the Foundation, as 
        appropriate, to include estimates of computational resource 
        needs for projects that require use of advanced computing. The 
        Director shall encourage and provide access to tools that 
        facilitate the inclusion of these measures, including those 
        identified in the 2016 Academies report entitled ``Future 
        Directions for NSF Advanced Computing Infrastructure to Support 
        U.S. Science and Engineering in 2017-2020''.
            (2) Reports.--The Director shall document and publish every 
        two years a summary of the amount and types of advanced 
        computing capabilities that are needed to fully meet the 
        Foundation's project needs as identified under paragraph (1).
            (3) Roadmap.--To set priorities and guide strategic 
        decisions regarding investments in advanced computing 
        capabilities, the Director shall develop, publish, and 
        regularly update a 5-year advanced computing roadmap that--
                    (A) describes the advanced computing resources and 
                capabilities that would fully meet anticipated project 
                needs, including through investments in the Mid-Scale 
                Research Infrastructure program and the Major Research 
                Equipment and Facilities Construction account;
                    (B) draws on community input, information contained 
                in research proposals, allocation requests, insights 
                from Foundation-funded cyber-infrastructure operators, 
                and Foundation-wide information gathering regarding 
                community needs;
                    (C) considers computational needs of planned major 
                facilities;
                    (D) reflects anticipated technology trends;
                    (E) informs users and potential partners about 
                future facilities and services;
                    (F) addresses the needs of groups historically 
                underrepresented in STEM and geographic regions with 
                low availability and high demand for advanced computing 
                resources;
                    (G) considers how Foundation-supported advanced 
                computing capabilities can be leveraged for activities 
                through the Directorate for Science and Engineering 
                Solutions; and
                    (H) provides an update to Congress about the level 
                of funding necessary to fully meet computational 
                resource needs for the research community.
            (4) Securing american research from cyber theft.--
                    (A) Networking and information technology research 
                and development update.--Section 101(a)(1) of the High-
                Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511) is 
                amended--
                            (i) by moving the margins of subparagraphs 
                        (D) and (J) through (O) two ems to the left;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (J) 
                        through (O) as subparagraphs (K) through (P), 
                        respectively; and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (I) 
                        the following:
            ``(J) provide for improving the security, reliability, and 
        resiliency of computing and networking systems used by 
        institutions of higher education and other nonprofit research 
        institutions for the processing, storage and transmission of 
        sensitive federally funded research and associated data;''.
                    (B) Computing enclave pilot program.--
                            (i) In general.--The Director of the 
                        National Science Foundation, in consultation 
                        with the Director of the National Institute of 
                        Standards and Technology and the Secretary of 
                        Energy, shall establish a pilot program to 
                        award grants to ensure the security of 
                        federally-supported research data and to assist 
                        regional institutions of higher education and 
                        their researchers in compliance with 
                        regulations regarding the safeguarding of 
                        sensitive information and other relevant 
                        regulations and Federal guidelines.
                            (ii) Structure.--In carrying out the pilot 
                        program established pursuant to clause (i), the 
                        Director shall select three institutions of 
                        higher education from among institutions 
                        classified under the Indiana University Center 
                        for Postsecondary Research Carnegie 
                        Classification as a doctorate-granting 
                        university with a very high level of research 
                        activity, and with a history of working with 
                        secure information for the development, 
                        installation, maintenance, or sustainment of 
                        secure computing enclaves.
                            (iii) Regionalization.--
                                    (I) In general.--In selecting 
                                universities pursuant to clause (ii), 
                                the Director shall give preference to 
                                institutions of higher education with 
                                the capability of serving other 
                                regional universities.
                                    (II) Geographic dispersal.--The 
                                enclaves should be geographically 
                                dispersed to better meet the needs of 
                                regional interests.
                            (iv) Program elements.--The Director shall 
                        work with institutions of higher education 
                        selected pursuant to clause (ii) to--
                                    (I) develop an approved design 
                                blueprint for compliance with Federal 
                                data protection protocols;
                                    (II) develop a comprehensive and 
                                confidential list, or a bill of 
                                materials, of each binary component of 
                                the software, firmware, or product that 
                                is required to deploy additional secure 
                                computing enclaves;
                                    (III) develop templates for all 
                                policies and procedures required to 
                                operate the secure computing enclave in 
                                a research setting;
                                    (IV) develop a system security plan 
                                template; and
                                    (V) develop a process for managing 
                                a plan of action and milestones for the 
                                secure computing enclave.
                            (v) Duration.--Subject to other 
                        availability of appropriations, the pilot 
                        program established pursuant to clause (i) 
                        shall operate for not less than 3 years.
                            (vi) Report.--
                                    (I) In general.--The Director of 
                                the National Science Foundation shall 
                                report to Congress not later than 6 
                                months after the completion of the 
                                pilot program under clause (i).
                                    (II) Contents.--The report required 
                                under subclause (I) shall include--
                                            (aa) an assessment of the 
                                        pilot program under clause (i), 
                                        including an assessment of the 
                                        security benefits provided by 
                                        such secure computing enclaves;
                                            (bb) recommendations 
                                        related to the value of 
                                        expanding the network of secure 
                                        computing enclaves; and
                                            (cc) recommendations on the 
                                        efficacy of the use of secure 
                                        computing enclaves by other 
                                        Federal agencies in a broader 
                                        effort to expand security of 
                                        Federal research.
                            (vii) Authorization of appropriations.--
                        There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
                        Director, $38,000,000 for fiscal years 2022 
                        through 2024, to carry out the activities 
                        outlined in this section.
    (e) National Secure Data Service.--
            (1) In general.--The Director, in consultation with the 
        Chief Statistician of the United States, shall establish a 
        demonstration project to develop, refine and test models to 
        inform the full implementation of the Commission on Evidence-
        Based Policymaking recommendation for a government-wide data 
        linkage and access infrastructure for statistical activities 
        conducted for statistical purposes, as defined in chapter 35 of 
        title 44, United States Code.
            (2) Establishment.--Not later than one year after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish a 
        National Secure Data Service demonstration project. The 
        National Secure Data Service demonstration project shall be--
                    (A) aligned with the principles, best practices, 
                and priority actions recommended by the Advisory 
                Committee on Data for Evidence Building, to the extent 
                feasible; and
                    (B) operated directly by or via a contract that is 
                managed by the National Center for Science and 
                Engineering Statistics.
            (3) Data.--In carrying out this subsection, the Director 
        shall engage with Federal and State agencies to collect, 
        acquire, analyze, report, and disseminate statistical data in 
        the United States and other nations to support governmentwide 
        evidence-building activities consistent with the Foundations 
        for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018.
            (4) Privacy and confidentiality protections.--If the 
        Director issues a management contract under paragraph (2), the 
        awardee shall be designated as an ``agent'' under chapter 35 of 
        title 44, United States Code, subchapter III, section 3561 et 
        seq., with all requirements and obligations for protecting 
        confidential information delineated in the Confidential 
        Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2018 
        and the Privacy Act of 1974.
            (5) Technology.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Director shall consider application and use of systems and 
        technologies that incorporate protection measures to reasonably 
        ensure confidential data and statistical products are protected 
        in accordance with obligations under chapter 35 of title 44, 
        United States Code, subchapter III, section 3561 et seq., 
        including systems and technologies that ensure raw data and 
        other sensitive inputs are not accessible to recipients of 
        statistical outputs from the National Secure Data Service 
        demonstration project.
            (6) Transparency.--The National Secure Data Service 
        established under paragraph (2) shall maintain a public website 
        with up-to-date information on supported projects.
            (7) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the National Secure Data Service 
        demonstration project established under paragraph (2) shall 
        submit a report to Congress that includes--
                    (A) a description of policies for protecting data, 
                consistent with applicable federal law;
                    (B) a comprehensive description of all completed or 
                active data linkage activities and projects;
                    (C) an assessment of the effectiveness of the 
                demonstration project for mitigating risks and removing 
                barriers to a sustained implementation of the National 
                Secure Data Service as recommended by the Commission on 
                Evidence-Based Policymaking; and
                    (D) if deemed effective by the Director, a plan for 
                scaling up the demonstration project to facilitate data 
                access for evidence building while ensuring 
                transparency and privacy.
            (8) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Director to carry out this subsection 
        $9,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

SEC. 9. DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS.

    (a) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of appropriated 
funds, there is established within the Foundation the Directorate for 
Science and Engineering Solutions to advance research and development 
solutions to address societal and national challenges for the benefit 
of all Americans.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Directorate established under 
subsection (a) is to support use-inspired research, accelerate the 
translation of Foundation-supported fundamental research and to advance 
technologies, facilitate commercialization and use of Federally funded 
research, and expand the pipeline of United States students and 
researchers in areas of societal and national importance.
    (c) Activities.--The Director shall achieve the purposes described 
in subsection (b) by awarding financial assistance through the 
Directorate to--
            (1) support transformational advances in use-inspired and 
        translational research through diverse funding mechanisms and 
        models, including convergence accelerators;
            (2) translate research into science and engineering 
        innovations, including through developing innovative approaches 
        to connect research with societal outcomes, developing 
        approaches to technology transfer that do not rely only on 
        traditional market and commercialization tools, education and 
        training for students and researchers on engaging with end 
        users and the public, partnerships that facilitate research 
        uptake, application, and scaling, prototype development, 
        entrepreneurial education, developing tech-to-market 
        strategies, and partnerships that connect research products to 
        businesses, accelerators, and incubators and encourage the 
        formation and growth of new companies;
            (3) develop and expand sustainable and mutually-beneficial 
        use-inspired and translational research and development 
        partnerships and collaborations among institutions of higher 
        education, including minority serving institutions and emerging 
        research institutions, non-profit organizations, labor 
        organizations, businesses and other for-profit entities, 
        Federal or State agencies, community organizations, other 
        Foundation directorates, national labs, field stations and 
        marine laboratories, international entities as appropriate, 
        binational research and development foundations and funds, 
        excluding foreign entities of concern, and other organizations;
            (4) build capacity for use-inspired and translational 
        research at institutions of higher education, including 
        necessary administrative support;
            (5) expand opportunities for researchers to contribute to 
        use-inspired and translational research including through 
        support for workshops and conferences, targeted incentives and 
        training, and multidisciplinary research centers;
            (6) support the education, mentoring, and training of 
        undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral 
        researchers in use-inspired and translational approaches to 
        research and entrepreneurship in key focus areas identified 
        under subsection (g) through scholarships, fellowships, and 
        traineeships;
            (7) support translational research infrastructure, 
        including platforms and testbeds, data management and software 
        tools, and networks and communication platforms for interactive 
        and collective learning and information sharing;
            (8) identify social, behavioral, and economic drivers and 
        consequences of technological innovations; and
            (9) ensure the programmatic work of the Directorate and 
        Foundation incorporates a worker perspective through 
        participation by labor organizations and workforce training 
        organizations.
    (d) Assistant Director.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall appoint an Assistant 
        Director responsible for the management of the Directorate 
        established under this section.
            (2) Term limit.--The Assistant Director appointed under 
        paragraph (1) shall serve a term lasting no longer than 4 
        years.
            (3) Qualifications.--The Assistant Director shall be an 
        individual, who by reason of professional background and 
        experience, is specially qualified to--
                    (A) advise the Director on all matters pertaining 
                to use-inspired and translational research, 
                development, and commercialization at the Foundation, 
                including partnership with the private sector and other 
                users of Foundation funded research; and
                    (B) develop and implement the necessary policies 
                and procedures to promote a culture of use-inspired and 
                translational research within the Directorate and 
                across the Foundation and carry out the 
                responsibilities under paragraph (4).
            (4) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the 
        Assistant Director shall include--
                    (A) advising the Director on all matters pertaining 
                to use-inspired and translational research and 
                development activities at the Foundation, including 
                effective practices for convergence research;
                    (B) identifying opportunities for and facilitating 
                coordination and collaboration, where appropriate, on 
                use-inspired and translational research, development, 
                commercialization, and societal application 
                activities--
                            (i) among the offices, directorates, and 
                        divisions within the Foundation; and
                            (ii) between the Foundation and 
                        stakeholders in academia, the private sector, 
                        including non-profit entities, labor 
                        organizations, Federal or State agencies, and 
                        international entities, as appropriate;
                    (C) ensuring that the activities carried out under 
                this section are not duplicative of activities 
                supported by other parts of the Foundation or other 
                relevant Federal agencies;
                    (D) approving all new programs within the 
                Directorate;
                    (E) developing and testing diverse merit-review 
                models and mechanisms for selecting and providing 
                awards for use-inspired and translational research and 
                development at different scales, from individual 
                investigator awards to large multi-institution 
                collaborations;
                    (F) assessing the success of programs;
                    (G) administering awards to achieve the purposes 
                described in subsection (b); and
                    (H) performing other such duties pertaining to the 
                purposes in subsection (b) as are required by the 
                Director.
            (5) Relationship to the director.--The Assistant Director 
        shall report to the Director.
            (6) Relationship to other programs.--No other directorate 
        within the Foundation shall report to the Assistant Director.
    (e) Advisory Committee.--
            (1) In general.--In accordance with the Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) the Director shall establish an 
        advisory committee to assess, and make recommendations 
        regarding, the activities carried out under this section.
            (2) Membership.--The advisory committee members shall--
                    (A) be individuals with relevant experience or 
                expertise, including individuals from industry and 
                national labs, educators, academic subject matter 
                experts, including individuals with knowledge of the 
                technical and social dimensions of science and 
                technology, technology transfer experts, labor 
                organizations, and representatives of civil society, 
                community organizations, and other nongovernmental 
                organizations; and
                    (B) consist of at least 10 members broadly 
                representative of stakeholders, including no less than 
                3 members from the private sector, none of whom shall 
                be an employee of the Federal Government.
            (3) Responsibilities.--The Committee shall be responsible 
        for--
                    (A) reviewing and evaluating activities carried out 
                under this section; and
                    (B) assessing the success of the Directorate in and 
                proposing new strategies for fulfilling the purposes in 
                subsection (b).
    (f) Existing Programs.--The Convergence Accelerator, the Growing 
Convergence Research Big Idea, and any other program, at the discretion 
of the Director, may be managed by the Directorate.
    (g) Focus Areas.--In consultation with the Assistant Director, the 
Board, and other Federal agencies and taking into account advice under 
subsection (e), the Director shall identify, and regularly update, up 
to 5 focus areas to guide activities under this section. In selecting 
such focus areas, the Director shall consider the following societal 
challenges:
            (1) Climate change and environmental sustainability.
            (2) Global competitiveness and domestic job creation in 
        critical technologies.
            (3) Cybersecurity.
            (4) National security.
            (5) STEM education and workforce.
            (6) Social and economic inequality.
    (h) Technology Research Institutes.--
            (1) In general.--The Director may award grants and 
        cooperative agreements to institutions of higher education, or 
        consortia thereof, for the planning, establishment, and support 
        of Technology Research Institutes in key technology areas, as 
        determined by the Director.
            (2) Uses of funds.--Funds awarded under this section may be 
        used by a Technology Research Institute to--
                    (A) conduct fundamental research to advance 
                innovation in a key technology;
                    (B) conduct research involving a key technology to 
                solve challenges with social, economic, health, 
                scientific, and national security implications;
                    (C) further the development, adoption, and 
                commercialization of innovations in key technology 
                focus areas, including through partnership with other 
                Federal agencies and Federal laboratories, industry, 
                including startup companies, labor organizations, civil 
                society organizations, and state and local, and Tribal 
                governments.
                    (D) develop and manage multi-user research testbeds 
                and instrumentation for key technologies;
                    (E) develop and manage an accessible repository, as 
                appropriate, for research data and computational models 
                relevant to the relevant key technology field, 
                consistent with applicable privacy and intellectual 
                property laws;
                    (F) convene national workshops for researchers and 
                other stakeholders in that technology area;
                    (G) establish traineeship programs for graduate 
                students who pursue research related to the technology 
                leading to a masters or doctorate degree by providing 
                funding and other assistance, and by providing graduate 
                students opportunities for research experiences in 
                government or industry related to the students' studies 
                in that technology area;
                    (H) engage in outreach and engagement to broaden 
                participation in technology research and education; and
                    (I) support such other activities that the Director 
                determines appropriate.
            (3) Considerations.--In making awards under this section, 
        the Director may consider the extent to which the activities 
        proposed--
                    (A) have the potential to create an innovation 
                ecosystem, or enhance existing ecosystems, to translate 
                Technology Research Institute research into 
                applications and products, as appropriate to the topic 
                of each Institute;
                    (B) support transdisciplinary research and 
                development across multiple institutions of higher 
                education and organizations;
                    (C) support transdisciplinary education activities, 
                including curriculum development, research experiences, 
                and faculty professional development across 
                undergraduate, graduate, and professional academic 
                programs;
                    (D) involve partnerships with multiple types of 
                institutions, including emerging research institutions, 
                HBCUs, and minority serving institutions, and with 
                other Federal agencies, Federal laboratories, industry, 
                state, local, and Tribal governments, labor 
                organizations, civil society organizations, and other 
                entities that may use or be affected by the technology; 
                and
                    (E) include a component that addresses the ethical, 
                societal, safety, and security implications relevant to 
                the application of the technology.
            (4) Duration.--
                    (A) Initial period.--An award under this section 
                shall be for an initial period of 5 years.
                    (B) Renewal.--An established Technology Institute 
                may apply for, and the Director may grant, extended 
                funding for periods of 5 years on a merit-reviewed 
                basis.
            (5) Application.--An institution of higher education or 
        consortia thereof seeking financial assistance under this 
        section shall submit to the Director an application at such 
        time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
        Director may require.
            (6) Competitive, merit-review.--In making awards under the 
        section, the Director shall--
                    (A) use a competitive, merit review process that 
                includes peer review by a diverse group of individuals 
                with relevant expertise from both the private and 
                public sectors; and
                    (B) ensure the focus areas of the Institute do not 
                substantially and unnecessarily duplicate the efforts 
                of any other Technology Research Institute or any other 
                similar effort at another Federal agency.
            (7) Collaboration.--In making awards under this section, 
        the Director may collaborate with Federal departments and 
        agencies whose missions contribute to or are affected by the 
        technology focus area of the institute.
    (i) Entrepreneurial Fellowships.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall award fellowships to 
        Ph.D.-trained scientists and engineers to help develop leaders 
        capable of maturing promising ideas and technologies from lab 
        to market and forge connections between academic research and 
        government, industry, and finance.
            (2) Applications.--An applicant for a fellowship under this 
        subsection shall submit to the Director an application at such 
        time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
        Director may require. At a minimum, the Director shall require 
        that applicants
                    (A) have completed a doctoral degree in a STEM 
                field no more than 5 years prior to the data of the 
                application; and
                    (B) have included in the application a letter of 
                support from the intended host institution that 
                describes how the fellow will be embedded in that 
                institution's research environment.
            (3) Outreach.--The Director shall conduct program outreach 
        to recruit fellowship applicants--
                    (A) from diverse research institutions;
                    (B) from all regions of the country; and
                    (C) from groups historically underrepresented in 
                STEM fields;
            (4) The Director may enter into an agreement with a third-
        party entity to administer the fellowships, subject to the 
        provisions of this subsection.
            (5) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Director $100,000,000 for fiscal 
        years 2022 through 2026, to carry out the activities outlined 
        in this subsection.
    (j) Low-income Scholarship Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation (referred to in this section as the ``Director'') 
        shall award scholarships to low-income individuals to enable 
        such individuals to pursue associate, undergraduate, or 
        graduate level degrees in mathematics, engineering, or computer 
        science.
            (2) Eligibility.--
                    (A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a 
                scholarship under this section, an individual--
                            (i) must be a citizen of the United States, 
                        a national of the United States (as defined in 
                        section 1101(a) of title 8), an alien admitted 
                        as a refugee under section 1157 of title 8, or 
                        an alien lawfully admitted to the United States 
                        for permanent residence;
                            (ii) shall prepare and submit to the 
                        Director an application at such time, in such 
                        manner, and containing such information as the 
                        Director may require; and
                            (iii) shall certify to the Director that 
                        the individual intends to use amounts received 
                        under the scholarship to enroll or continue 
                        enrollment at an institution of higher 
                        education (as defined in section 1001(a) of 
                        title 20) in order to pursue an associate, 
                        undergraduate, or graduate level degree in 
                        mathematics, engineering, computer science, or 
                        other technology and science programs 
                        designated by the Director.
                    (B) Ability.--Awards of scholarships under this 
                section shall be made by the Director solely on the 
                basis of the ability of the applicant, except that in 
                any case in which 2 or more applicants for scholarships 
                are deemed by the Director to be possessed of 
                substantially equal ability, and there are not 
                sufficient scholarships available to grant one to each 
                of such applicants, the available scholarship or 
                scholarships shall be awarded to the applicants in a 
                manner that will tend to result in a geographically 
                wide distribution throughout the United States of 
                recipients' places of permanent residence.
            (3) Scholarship amount and renewal.--The amount of a 
        scholarship awarded under this section shall be determined by 
        the Director. The Director may renew scholarships for up to 5 
        years.
            (4) Authorization.--Of amounts authorized for the 
        Directorate for Science and Engineering Solutions, $100,000,000 
        shall be authorized for this program.
    (k) Transfer of Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Funds made available to carry out this 
        section shall be available for transfer to other offices, 
        directorates, or divisions within the Foundation for such use 
        as is consistent with the purposes for which such funds are 
        provided.
            (2) Prohibition on transfer from other offices.--No funds 
        shall be available for transfer to the Directorate established 
        under this section from other offices, directorates, or 
        divisions within the Foundation.
    (l) Authorities.--In addition to existing authorities available to 
the Foundation, the Director may exercise the following authorities in 
carrying out the activities under this section:
            (1) Awards.--In carrying out this section, the Director may 
        provide awards in the form of grants, contracts, cooperative 
        agreements, cash prizes, and other transactions.
            (2) Appointments.--The Director shall have the authority to 
        make appointments of scientific, engineering, and professional 
        personnel for carrying out research and development functions 
        which require the services of specially qualified personnel 
        relating to the focus areas identified under subsection (g) and 
        such other areas of national research priorities as the 
        Director may determine.
    (m) Ethical, Legal, and Societal Considerations.--The Director 
shall establish policies regarding engagement with experts in the 
social dimensions of science and technology and set up formal avenues 
for public input, as appropriate, to ensure that ethical, legal, and 
societal considerations are explicitly integrated into the priorities 
for the Directorate, including the selection of focus areas under 
subsection (g), the award-making process, and throughout all stages of 
supported projects.
    (n) Reports and Roadmaps.--
            (1) Annual report.--The Director shall provide to the 
        relevant authorizing and appropriations committees of Congress 
        an annual report describing projects supported by the 
        Directorate during the previous year.
            (2) Roadmap.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide to the 
        relevant authorizing and appropriations committees of Congress 
        a roadmap describing the strategic vision that the Directorate 
        will use to guide investment decisions over the following 3 
        years.
    (o) Evaluation.--
            (1) In general.--After the Directorate has been in 
        operation for 6 years, the National Science Board shall 
        evaluate how well the Directorate is achieving the purposes 
        identified in subsection (b), including an assessment of the 
        impact of Directorate activities on the Foundation's primary 
        science mission.
            (2) Inclusions.--The evaluation shall include--
                    (A) a recommendation on whether the Directorate 
                should be continued or terminated; and
                    (B) a description of lessons learned from operation 
                of the Directorate.
            (3) Availability.--On completion of the evaluation, the 
        evaluation shall be made available to Congress and the public.
    (p) Limitation.--No amounts may be appropriated for the Directorate 
for each of fiscal years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, or 2026 unless--
            (1) a specific appropriation is made for the Directorate; 
        and
            (2) the amount appropriated for the activities of the 
        Foundation, other than the activities authorized under this 
        section, for each such fiscal year exceeds the amount 
        appropriated for the Foundation for fiscal year 2021, as 
        adjusted for inflation in accordance with the Consumer Price 
        Index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the 
        Department of Labor.

SEC. 10. ADMINISTRATIVE AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Supporting Veterans in Stem Careers.--Section 3(c) of the 
Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act is amended by striking 
``annual'' and inserting ``biennial''.
    (b) Sunshine Act Compliance.--Section 15 of the National Science 
Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 is amended--
            (1) so that paragraph (3) reads as follows:
            ``(3) Compliance review.--The Inspector General of the 
        Foundation shall conduct a review of the compliance by the 
        Board with the requirements described in paragraph (2) as 
        necessary based on a triennial risk assessment. Any review 
        deemed necessary shall examine the proposed and actual content 
        of closed meetings and determine whether the closure of the 
        meetings was consistent with section 552b of title 5, United 
        States Code.''; and
            (2) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(4) Materials relating to closed portions of meeting.--To 
        facilitate the risk assessment required under paragraph (3) of 
        this subsection, and any subsequent review conducted by the 
        Inspector General, the Office of the National Science Board 
        shall maintain the General Counsel's certificate, the presiding 
        officer's statement, and a transcript or recording of any 
        closed meeting, for at least 3 years after such meeting.''.
    (c) Science and Engineering Indicators Report Submission.--Section 
4(j)(1) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 
1863(j)(1)) is amended by striking ``January 15'' and inserting ``March 
15''.

SEC. 11. PLANNING AND CAPACITY BUILDING GRANTS.

    Section 602 of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 
U.S.C. 1862s-9) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d), the following:
    ``(e) Planning and Capacity Building Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--Under the program established in section 
        508 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 
        U.S.C. 1862p-2) and the activities authorized under this 
        section, the Director shall award grants to eligible entities 
        for planning and capacity building at institutions of higher 
        education.
            ``(2) Eligible entity defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term `eligible entity' means an institution of higher education 
        (or a consortium of such institutions) that, according to the 
        data published by the National Center for Science and 
        Engineering Statistics, is not, on average, among the top 100 
        institutions in Federal R&D expenditures during the 3 year 
        period prior to the year of the award.
            ``(3) Use of funds.--In addition to activities listed under 
        subsection (c), an eligible entity receiving a grant under this 
        subsection may use funds to--
                    ``(A) ensure the availability of staff, including 
                technology transfer professionals, entrepreneurs in 
                residence, and other mentors as required to accomplish 
                the purpose of this subsection;
                    ``(B) revise institution policies, including 
                policies related to intellectual property and faculty 
                entrepreneurship, and taking other necessary steps to 
                implement relevant best practices for academic 
                technology transfer;
                    ``(C) develop new local and regional partnerships 
                among institutions of higher education and between 
                institutions of higher education and private sector 
                entities and other relevant organizations with the 
                purpose of building networks, expertise, and other 
                capacity to identify promising research that may have 
                potential market value and enable researchers to pursue 
                further development and transfer of their ideas into 
                possible commercial or other use;
                    ``(D) develop seminars, courses, and other 
                educational opportunities for students, post-doctoral 
                researchers, faculty, and other relevant staff at 
                institutions of higher education to increase awareness 
                and understanding of entrepreneurship, patenting, 
                business planning, and other areas relevant to 
                technology transfer, and connect students and 
                researchers to relevant resources, including mentors in 
                the private sector; and
                    ``(E) create and fund competitions to allow 
                entrepreneurial students and faculty to illustrate the 
                commercialization potential of their ideas.
            ``(4) Minimum duration and size of award.--Grants awarded 
        under this subsection shall be at least 3 years in duration and 
        $500,000 in total amount.
            ``(5) Application.--An eligible entity seeking funding 
        under this subsection shall submit an application to the 
        Director of the Foundation at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information and assurances as such Director may 
        require. The application shall include, at a minimum, a 
        description of how the eligible entity submitting an 
        application plans to sustain the proposed activities beyond the 
        duration of the grant.
            ``(6) Authorization of appropriations.--From within funds 
        authorized under section 9, there are authorized to carry out 
        the activities under this subsection $40 million for each of 
        fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.
                                                  Union Calendar No. 51

117th CONGRESS

  1st Session

                               H. R. 2225

                          [Report No. 117-73]

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                                 A BILL

 To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 
 and 2026 for the National Science Foundation, and for other purposes.

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                             June 28, 2021

  Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
       House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed
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