A/ 1E /Y.51

Test Rtethocl Protocol tbr .5'ohr6ilit , Determincttiolx Phase 111- 11zziithttion Strrdr

Septomhet- 24 . 200?

TEST METHOD PROTOCOL

for Solubility Determinatio n

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Validation Study

Phase III

September 24, 2003

Prepared by

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Interagency Center for the Evaluation of

Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM)

Based on Standard Operating Procedure Recommendations from an

International Workshop Organized by the Interagency Coordinating Committee

on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM)

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)

National Institutes of Health (NIH )

U.S. Public Health Service

Department of Health and Human Services

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Test ;lkthod Protocol fv Sohi6ilio, Uelcrminatiun Pha se 111- Falidation Study

ScPtt-nnhcr 24, 2003

TEST METHOD PROTOCOL

Solubility Determination

Phase III

1 . PURPOSE

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of test chemicals using the BALB/c 3T3

Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) and normal human keratinocyte (NHK) cytotoxicity tests. The data will

be used to evaluate the intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility of the assay and effectiveness of the

cytotoxicity assay to predict the starting doses for rodent acute oral systemic toxicity assays . This test

method protocol outlines the procedures for performing solubility determinations for the in vitro

validation study organized by NICEATM and the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative

Methods (ECVAM) and sponsored by NIEHS, U.S . Environmental Protection Agency, and ECVAM .

This test method protocol applies to all personnel involved with performing the solubility testing .

A. Solubility Test

The solubility tests will be performed to determine the best solvent to use for each of the 60

blinded/coded test chemicals to be tested in the 3T3 and NHK NRU cytotoxicity tests

II. SPONSOR

A. Name: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); The

National Toxicology Program (NTP) Interagency Center for the

Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM)

B. Address : P.O. Box 12233

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

C. Representative : Named Representative

III. IDENTIFICATION OF TEST SUBSTANCES AND SOLVENTS

A. Test Chemicals : 60 Coded Chemicals (60)

B. Solvents: Chemical Dilution Medium for 3T3 assay (See Section VII.B.1)

Treatment Medium for NHK assay ( See Section VII.B.2)

IV. TESTING FACILITY AND KEY PERSONNEL

A. Facility Information

1) Name:

2) Address :

3) Study Director:

4) Laboratory Technician(s) :

5) Scientific Advisor:

6) Quality Assurance Director:

7) Safety Manager:

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Te,st,VIethod Protncv/ %r Soln6ililr Detorrnination Phase III - Validation Studi ,

Selltonhe-r 24. _100 3

8) Facility Management :

B. Test Schedule

1) Proposed Experimental Initiation Date :

2) Proposed Experimental Completion Date :

3) Proposed Report Date :

V. TEST SYSTEM

The solubility test procedure is based on attempting to dissolve chemicals in various solvents with a

increasingly rigorous mechanical techniques. The solvents to be used, in the order of preference, are

cell culture media, DMSO, and ethanol . Solubility shall be determined in a step-wise procedure that

involves attempting to dissolve a test chemical in the solvents (in the order of preference) at relatively

high concentrations using the sequence ofmechanical procedures (Section VII.C.2.a). If the

chemical does not dissolve, the volume of solvent is increased so as to decrease the concentration by

a factor of 10, and then the sequence of mechanical procedures are repeated in an attempt to

solubilize the chemical at the lower concentrations .

Determination of whether a chemical has dissolved is based entirely on visual obse rvation. A

chemical has dissolved if the solution is clear and shows no signs of cloudiness or precipitation.

VI. DEFINITIONS

A. Soluble: Chemical exists in a clear solution without visible cloudiness or precipitate .

B. Documentation: all methods and procedures will be noted in a Study Workbook; logs will be

maintained for general laboratory procedures and equipment (e .g., media preparation, solubility

testing, laboratory balance calibration); solubility reports will be in electronic and paper format ;

a ll data will be archived.

VII. PROCEDURES

A. Materials

1 . Technical Equipment

[Note: Suggested brand names/vendors are listed in parentheses. Equivalents may be used.]

a) Water bath: 37°C 7L 1°C

b) Glass tubes with caps (e .g ., 5 mL)

c) Laboratory balance

d) Pipetting aid

e) Pipettes, pipettors (multi-channel and single channel ; multichannel repeater pipette),

dilution bloc k

f) Waterbath sonicator

g) Dry heat block (optional)

2 . Chemicals, Media, and Sera

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Test Method Protocol for Sohr(~ilit}Deterinincitian Phase III - Validation Stiedi ,

Septr-fnhcr 24.'1)0 3

a) Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium (DMEM) without L-Glutamine; should

have high glucose [4 .5gm/1] (e.g.,1CN-Flow Cat. No. 12-332-54)

b) L-Glutamine 200 mM (e .g., ICN-Flow # 16-801-49 )

c) Penicillin/streptomycin solution (e .g. ICN-Flow # 16-700-49 )

d) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), U .S.P. analytical grade (Store under nitrogen @-20°C)

e) Ethanol (ETOH), U.S.P. analytical grade (100 %, non-denatured for test chemical

preparation; 95 % can be used for the desorb solution)

f) Keratinocyte Basal Medium without Ca++ (KBM®, Clonetics CC-3104) that is completed

by adding the KBM® SingleQuots® (Clonetics CC-413 1) to achieve the proper

concentrations of epidermal growth factor, insulin, hydrocortisone, antimicrobial agents,

bovine pituitary extract, and calcium (e .g., Clonetics Calcium SingleQuots®, 300 mM

CaC1z, Clonetics # CC-4202) .

B. Preparations of Media and Solution s

[Note: All solutions glassware, pipettes, etc ., shall be sterile and all procedures should be carried

out under aseptic conditions and in the sterile environment of a laminar flow cabinet (biological

hazard standard). All methods and procedures will be adequately documented . Completed media

formulations should be kept at approximately 2-8° C and stored for no longer than two weeks.]

1 . 3T3 Chemical Dilution Mediu m

DMEM (buffered with sodium bicarbonate) supplemented with (final concentrations in

DMEM are quoted):

4 mM Glutamine

200 IU/mL Penicillin

200 μg/mL Streptomycin

2 . NHK Treatment Medium

KBM® (Clonetics CC-3104) supplemented with KBM® SingleQuots® (Clonetics CC-4131)

and Clonetics Calcium SingleQuots® (CC-4202) to make 500 mL medium . Final

concentration of supplements in medium are :

0.0001 ng/mL Human recombinant epidermal growth factor

5 μg/mL Insulin

0.5 μg/mL Hydrocortisone

30 ~tg/mL Gentamicin

15 ng/mL Amphotericin B

0 .10 mm Calcium

30 μg/mL Bovine pituitary extract

NOTE:

KBM® SingleQuots® contain the following stock concentrations and volumes:

0 .1 ng/mL hEGF 0.5 mL

5 .0 mg/mL Insulin 0.5 mL

0.5 mg/mL Hydrocortisone 0.5 mL

30 mg/mL Gentamicin, 15 ug/mL Amphotericin-B 0.5 mL

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Test Rkthod Protocol for Sohthility Detcnnifrrtion Phase III - Validation Study

September 24, 2003

7 .5 mg/mL Bovine Pituitary Extract (BPE) 2 .0 mL

Clonetics Calcium SingleQuots® are 2 mL of 300 mM calcium .

165 μl of solution per 500 mL calcium-free medium equals 0 .10 mM calcium in the

medium.

C. Determination of Solubility

The preference of solvent for dissolving test chemicals is medium, DMSO, and then ethanol .

Solubility shall be determined in a step-wise procedure that involves attempting to dissolve a test

chemical at a relatively high concentration with the sequence of mechanical procedures specified

in Section VII.C.2.a. If the chemical does not dissolve, the volume of solvent is increased so as

to decrease the concentration by a factor of 10, and then the sequence of mechanical procedures

in Section VII.C.2.a are repeated in an attempt to solubilize the chemical at the lower

concentrations. For testing solubility in medium, the starting concentration is 20,000 μg/ml (i .e .,

20 mg/mL) in Tier 1, but for DMSO and ethanol the starting concentration is 200,000 μg/ml (i .e.,

200 mg/mL) in Tier 2 . Weighing out chemical for each solvent (i .e ., medium, DMSO, ethanol)

can be done all at once, if convenient, but solubility testing (at each tier that calls for more than

one solvent) is designed to be sequential - medium, then DMSO, then ethanol - in accordance

with the solvent hierarchy (see Figure 1) . This allows for testing to stop, rather than continue

testing with less preferred solvents, if the test chemical dissolves in a more preferred solvent . For

example, if a chemical is soluble in medium at a particular tier, testing may stop . Likewise, if a

chemical is soluble in DMSO at any tier, testing need not continue with ethanol. However, since

the issue of primary importance is testing the solvents and concentrations of test chemical

required by any one tier, sequential testing of solvents may be abandoned if the lab can test more

efficiently in another way .

1 . Method

a) Tier 1 begins with testing 20 mg/mL each in Chemical Dilution Medium and Treatment

Medium (see Table 1). For each medium, weigh approximately 10 mg (10,000 μg) of

the test chemical into glass tubes. Document the chemical weight. Add approximately

0.5 mL of each medium into its respective tube so that the concentration is 20,000 μg/ml

(20 mg/mL). Mix the solution as specified in Section VII.C.2 .a. If complete solubility

is achieved in each medium, then additional solubility procedures are not needed .

b) If the test chemical is insoluble in either Chemical Dilution Medium or Treatment

Medium, proceed to Tier 2 by adding enough medium, approximately 4.5 mL, to attempt

to dissolve the chemical at 2 mg/mL by using the sequence of mixing procedures

specified in Section VI1.C.2.a. If the test chemical dissolves in medium at 2 mg/mL, no

further procedures are necessary. If the test chemical does NOT dissolve in one medium

or the other (if both are tested in this tier), weigh out approximately 100 mg test chemical

in a second glass tube and add enough DMSO to make the total volume approximately

0 .5 mL (for 200 mg/mL) and attempt to dissolve the chemical as specified in Section

V11 .C.2 .a. If the test chemical does not dissolve in DMSO, weigh out approximately 100

mg test chemical in another glass tube and add enough ethanol to make the total volume

approximately 0.5 mL (for 200 mg/mL) and attempt to dissolve the chemical as specified

in Section VII.C.2.a. If the chemical is soluble in either solvent, no additional solubility

procedures are needed .

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Test LI~°thod Protocul Jbr Sohrbrlit~y Deto»nimrtica Phase 111- Validation Studi ,

,Sctl!tc'mbet- 24 . 2003

c) If the chemical is NOT soluble in one or both media, DMSO, or ethanol at Tier 2, then

continue to Tier 3 in Table 1 by adding enough solvent to increase the volume of the

three (or four) Tier 2 solutions by 10 and attempt to solubilize again using the sequence

of mixing procedures in Section VII.C.2.a. If the test chemical dissolves, no additional

solubility procedures are necessary. If the test chemical does NOT dissolve, continue

with Tier 4 and, if necessary, Tier 5 using DMSO and ethanol . Tier 4 begins by diluting

the Tier 3 samples with DMSO or ethanol to bring the total volume to 50 mL . The

mixing procedures in Section VII.C.2.a are again followed to attempt to solubilize the

chemical. Tier 5 is performed, if necessary, by weighing out another two samples of test

chemical at -10 mg each and adding -50 mL DMSO or ethanol for a 200 μg/ml,

solution, and following the mixing procedures in Section VII.C.2.a.

Example: If complete solubility is not achieved at 20,000 μg/mL in either Chemical

Dilution Medium or Treatment Medium at Tier 1 using the mixing procedures specified

in Section VII.C.2.a, then the procedure continues to Tier 2 by diluting the solution to 5

mL (with either of the appropriate media) and mixing again as specified in Section

VII.C.2.a. If the chemical is not soluble in Chemical Dilution Medium or Treatment

Medium, two samples of - 100 mg test chemical are weighed to attempt to solubilize in

DMSO and ethanol at 200,000 μg/mL (i .e ., 200 mg/mL). Solutions are mixed following

the sequence of procedures prescribed in Section VII.C.2.a in an attempt to dissolve . If

solubility is not achieved at Tier 2, then the solutions (Chemical Dilution Medium and/or

Treatment Medium, DMSO, and ethanol) prepared in Tier 2 are diluted by 10 so as to test

200 μg/mL in media, and 20,000 μg/mL in DMSO and ethanol . This advances the

procedure to Tier 3 . Solutions are again mixed as prescribed in Section VII.C.2.a in an

attempt to dissolve. If solubility is not achieved in Tier 3, the procedure continues to Tier

4, and to 5 if necessary (see Figure 1 and Table 1).

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Test Method Protocol tot" Solrrhility Deh°nnhrcrtic>n Phase 111- Validation Stud),

September 24. 2003

Table 1 . Determination of Solubility in Chemical Dilution Medium, Treatment Medium, DMSO, or

Ethanol

TIER 1 2 3 4 5

Total Volume 0 .5 mL 5 mL 50 mL

Chemical Dilutio n

Medium/Treatment

Medium

Concentration of Test

Chemical

(Add -10 mg to a tube . 20,000 μg/mL 2,000 μg/mL 200 μg/mlAdd enough medium t

o equal the first volume . (20 mg/mL) (2 mg/mL) (0.20 mg/mL

) Dilute to subsequen

necessaryt volumes if . )

Total Volume 0.5 mL 5 mL 50 mL

DMSO/Ethano l

Concentration of Test

Chemical

(Add - 100 mg to a large 200,000 μg/mL 20,000 μg/mL 2,000 μg/mL

tube . Add enough DMS O

or ethanol to equal the first (200 mg/mL) (20 mg/mL) (2 mg/mL)

volume . Dilute with

subsequent volumes if

necessary .)

Total Volume 50 mL

DMSO/Ethano l

Concentration

Chemical 200 μg/mlof Test

(Add -10 mg to a larg e

tube . Add enough DMSO (0.2 mg/mL)

or ethanol to equal 50 mL.)

10,000 μg/mL 1000 μg/ml- 100 μg/ml- 10 μg/mL I

[tg/mL

Equivalent Concentratio n

on Cells 10 m mL 1 m/mL 1 mg/mL) (0 .01 mg/mL) (0.001

( L~ ) ( g ) (0 . mg/mL)

[NOTE: The amounts of test chemical weighed and Chemical Dilution Medium and

Treatment Medium added may be modified from the amounts given above, provided that

the targeted concentrations specifi ed for each tier are tested .]

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Test ttl,°thod Protaco/ fb r Scslnbi/iti, Determination PhaseIII - Validation Studi,

Sepwmher 24. 2003

Figure 1. Solubility Flow Chart

TIER 1

STEP 1 : 20 mg/mL test chemical (TC) in 0.5 mL Chemical Dilution Medium and Treatment

Medium:

if TC soluble in both media, then STOP.

if TC insoluble in one medium, then go to STEP 2 .

TIER 2

STEP 2: 2 mg/mL TC in medium (one or both) - increase volume from STEP 1 by 10 (i .e., to 5 mL)

if TC soluble, then STOP.

if TC insoluble in one medium, then go to STEP 3 .

STEP 3 : 200 mg/mL TC in DMSO

if TC soluble, then STOP.

if TC insoluble, test at 200 mg/mL in ETOH.

if TC soluble, then STOP.

If TC insoluble, go to STEP 4.

TIER 3

STEP 4: 0.2 mg/mL TC in medium (one or both) - increase volume from STEP 2 by 10 (i.e., to 50

mL)

if TC soluble in both media, then STOP.

if TC insoluble in one medium, test at 20 mg/mL in DMSO - increase volume from

STEP 3 by 10 (i .e ., to 5 mL).

if TC soluble, then STOP.

if TC insoluble, test at 20 mg/mL in ETOH - increase volume from STEP 3 by

10 (i.e ., to 5 mL).

if TC soluble, then STOP.

if TC insoluble, then go to STEP 5.

TIER 4

STEP 5: 2 mg/mL TC in DMSO - increase volume from STEP 4 by 10 (i .e ., to 50 mL)

if TC soluble, then STOP.

if TC insoluble, test at 2 mg/mL in ETOH - increase volume from STEP 4 by 10

(i.e ., to 50 mL).

if TC soluble, then STOP.

if TC insoluble, then go to STEP 6.

TIER 5

STEP 6 : 0.2 mg/mL TC in 50 mL DMS O

if TC soluble, then STOP.

if TC insoluble, test at 0 .2 mg/mL in 50 mL ETOH

STOP

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Test Alethod Protocol Jor Solrrbilit}' Uetcrrnintttiun Phase 111- Validation Stud} ,

September 24, 200?

2 . Mechanical Procedure s

a) The following hierarchy of mixing procedures will be followed to dissolve the test

chemical :

1) Add test chemical to solvent as in Tier 1 of Table 1 . (Test chemical and solvent

should be at room temperature .)

2) Gently mix at room temperature . Vortex the tube (1 -2 minutes).

3) If test chemical hasn't dissolved, use waterbath sonication for up to 5 minutes.

4) If test chemical is not dissolved after sonication, then warm solution to 37°C for 5 -

60 min. This can be performed by warming tubes in a 37°C water bath or in a CO2

incubator at 37°C . The solution may be stirred during warming (stirring in a CO2

incubator will help maintain proper pH) .

5) Proceed to Tier 2 (and Tiers 3-5, if necessary of Table 1 and repeat procedures 2-4).

b) The preference of solvent for dissolving test chemicals is Chemical Dilution Medium or

Treatment Medium, DMSO, and then ethanol . Thus, if all solvents for a pa rticular tier

are tested simultaneously and a test chemical dissolves in more than one solvent, then the

choice of solvent follows this hierarchy . For example, if, at any tier, a chemical is

soluble in Chemical Dilution Medium and DMSO, but not in Treatment Medium or

ethanol, the choice of solvent would be medium for the 3T3 assay and DMSO for the

NHK assay. If the chemical were insoluble in both media, but soluble in DMSO and

ethanol, the choice of solvent would be DMSO for both assays.

After the lab has determined the preferred solvent for the test chemical and before

proceeding to the cytotoxicity testing, the Study Director will submit the solubility test

results (laboratory worksheets are preferable), and discuss the solvent selection with the

Study Management Team (SMT) of the validation study . The SMT will provide

direction on the solvent to be used in each assay for each chemical prior to cytotoxicity

testin~. If the laboratory has attempted all solubility testing without success, then the

SMT will provide additional guidance for achieving test chemical solubility . The SMT

anticipates that all validation study test chemicals will be tested in the NRU assays .

The Testing Facility shall forward the results from the solubility tests assay to the SMT through

the designated contacts in electronic format and hard copy upon completion of testing . The SMT

will be directly responsible for the statistical analyses of the Validation Study data .

VIII. REFERENCES

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Product Prope rties Test Guidelines. OPPTS

803.7840. Water Solubility : Column Elution Method; Shake Flask Method. EPA712-C-96-041,

Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington DC.

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Test [Lkthod Protocol rbr-Soluhi/iti, Determination Phase 111- I , ~r7if,btion Study

September 24. 2003

IX. APPROVAL

SPONSOR REPRESENTATIVE DATE

(Print or type name)

Test Facility STUDY DIRECTOR DATE

(Print or type name)

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