# Fourth Court of Appeals **San Antonio, Texas** MEMORANDUM OPINION
N o. 04

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- CR The STATE of Texas, Appellant

v. Vicente Oropeza DOMINGUEZ , Appellee From the County Court , Kinney County, Texas Trial Court No. 13761CR Honorable Dennis Powell , Judge Presiding Opinion by: Luz Elena D. Chapa , Justice Sitting: Luz Elena D. Chapa , Justice Beth Watkins , Justice Lori I. Valenzuela , Justice Delivered and Filed: July 17, 2024 AFFIRMED The State of Texas appeals the trial court’s order granting Vicente Oropeza Dominguez ’s requested habeas relief and dismissing his criminal case with prejudice. We affirm.
B ACKGROUND On March 6, 2021, Governor Greg Abbott directed the Texas Department of Public Safety (“DPS”) to initiate Operation Lone Star (“OLS”) and “devote additional law enforcement resources toward deterring illegal border crossing and protecting [] border communi ties.” He further directed “DPS to use available resources to enforce all applicable federal and state laws to04

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- prevent criminal activity along the border, including criminal trespassing, smuggling, and human trafficking, and to assist Texas counties in the ir efforts to address those criminal activities.” As part of OLS, Dominguez , a noncitizen, was arrested for criminal trespass on August 4, 2022 , in Kinney County

. On October 1 4 , 2022 , Dominguez filed an application for writ of habeas corpus seeking dismis sal of the criminal charge, arguing his rights had been violated under the Constitution’s Equal Protection Clause and the Texas Constitution’s Equal Rights Amendment. See U.S. C ONST . amend. XIV; T EX
. C ONST . art. I, § 3(a). Specifically, Dominguez argued th at the State’s selective enforcement 1 of criminal trespass against men, and not similarly situated women, as part of OLS violated his constitutional rights. The trial court granted the writ and set the matter for an evidentiary hearing on November 18, 2022

. At the hearing, the trial court heard the merits of Dominguez ’s pretrial habeas claim, along with twenty

- one other cases, all filed on selective enforcement grounds. We described the evidence presented at this hearing in a previous opinion, State v. Gomez , — S.W.3d

— , No. 04

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- CR , 2023 WL 7552682, at *1

– 4 (Tex. App.

— San Antonio Nov. 15, 2023, pet

. filed ), as both the habeas claim in Gomez and the habeas claim in the instant case were heard at the same time. After considering t he evidence presented at the hearing, on December 2 0 , 2022, the trial court found that Dominguez had presented a prima facie selective

- enforcement claim on the basis of equal protection and further found that the State had not met its burden of justifying the discriminatory

1 The terms “selective prosecution” and “selective enforcement” are sometimes used interchangeably, although they are distinct claims. See Ex parte Marcos

- Callejas , — S.W.3d

— , No. 04

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- CR, 2024 WL 2164653, at *2 (Tex. App.

— San Antonio May 15, 2024, no pet. h.) (citations omitted). Here, w hile Dominguez ’s pretrial habeas application s ought dismissal on “selective

- prosecution” grounds, the evidence Dominguez presented in h is application and at the hearing shows that under OLS, law enforcement officers arrested and charged men, but not women, for criminal trespass

— evidence that indicates Dominguez was asserting a selective

- enforcement claim. See id . at *2

– 3 & n.2. Moreover, the trial court, in its order granting Dominguez habeas relief, found that Dominguez was “the target of selective enforcement” and that “the unconstitutional prosecution is fully implemented at the level of arrest of only male suspects.” We therefore concl ude that Dominguez effectively presented a selective

- enforcement claim and that the trial court construed his claim as one for selective enforcement, and we will refer to his claim as a selective

enforcement claim. See id . at *3.04

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. Consequently, t he trial court granted Dominguez ’s requested relief and “order[ed] the criminal prosecution against Applicant be dismissed with prejudice.” The State appealed.
D ISCUSSION In its brief, the State argues the trial court erred in granting relief on Dominguez ’s selective

enforcement equal protection claim for th e following three reasons: (1) his claim is not cognizable in a pretrial habeas proceeding ; (2) he did not present a prima facie case of selective

- enforcement on the basis of a violation of his equal protection rights; and (3) the State met its burden of s howing its policy passes “the strictest of scrutiny.” These are the same arguments brought by the State in Gomez , 2023 WL 7552682, at *4. For the reasons enunciated in Gomez , we hold that Dominguez ’s claim is cognizable in a pretrial habeas proceeding , tha t the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that Dominguez met his burden of showing a prima facie claim for selective enforcement on the basis of gender discrimination , and that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that the State had not met its burden to justify its discriminatory conduct under either strict scrutiny ( Dominguez ’s state claim) or intermediate scrutiny ( Dominguez ’s federal claim)

. See id . at *4

– 6 ; Ex parte Marcos

- Callejas , — S.W.3d

— , No. 04

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- CR, 2024 WL 2164653, at *3

– 4 (Tex. App.

— San Antonio May 15, 2024, no pet. h.) ; Ex parte Aparicio , 672 S.W.3d 696, 716 (Tex. App.

— San Antonio 2023, pet. granted) . Therefore, we affirm the trial court’s order granting Dominguez habeas relief and dismissing his criminal case with prejudice.
Luz Elena D. Chapa , Justice DO NOT PUBLISH