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State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds: Supporting Equitable 

Recovery and Building Resilience for Stronger Communities 

State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds October 2023 Reporting Data Analysis 

President Biden’s American Rescue Plan is helping communities across the country 

recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and grow their economies. The State and Local 

Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF) program, a major facet of the American Rescue Plan, 

provides funding to states, territories, Tribes, and local governments to support 

economic recovery, job creation, workforce expansion, and access to healthy, safe, and 

affordable housing. Today, the SLFRF program is making a difference in nearly every 

community across the country. 

In the latest quarterly data submitted to the Treasury Department, through September 

30, 2023, recipients continue to report progress in executing on their planned uses of 

SLFRF award funds. States and the largest cities and counties have reported budgeting 

88% of their total SLFRF funds to specific projects, with the total number of reported 

projects growing 10% since the previous quarter, demonstrating continued steady 

progress in recipients’ planning for the use of these funds.1 

The data continue to show that by helping state and local governments replace lost 

revenue, the SLFRF program has helped local leaders avoid steep budget cuts. Using 

their SLFRF award funds, governments maintain key services and infrastructure, such 

as public transportation connecting workers to jobs and emergency services.2 As of 

September 30, 2023, SLFRF recipients reported $296 billion in lost revenue resulting 

from the pandemic. Over 19,000 participating governments reported that they are 

budgeting nearly $113 billion in SLFRF funds to help replace this lost revenue, funding 

over 57,000 projects to provide fiscal stability in their jurisdictions. 

The data illustrate that the American Rescue Plan prevented severe cuts to public 

services and helped state, territorial, Tribal, and local governments swiftly resume 

1

 The U.S. Department of the Treasury continues to regularly release SLFRF reporting data received from 

recipients. This includes the most recent data submitted by quarterly reporters in October 2023, representing 

spending through September 30, 2023, which is available on Treasury’s SLFRF dashboard. The summary statistics 

in this blog post reflect these data, as well as the data from annual reporters submitted in April 2023, representing 

spending through March 31, 2023. Tribally reported information is included in aggregate statistics about the 

SLFRF program (e.g., the total number of governments using funds for a specific eligible use, total projects 

reported); however due to privacy considerations, Treasury does not release complete information on all Tribal 

projects. 

2

 State and local governments were forced to cut budgets due to the 2008 Great Recession resulting in reductions 

in services and slowing the economic recovery. Remarks by Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen at National 

Association of Counties 2023 Legislative Conference | U.S. Department of the Treasury
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normal operations. In addition to responding to the immediate aftermath of the 

pandemic, governments are investing SLFRF funds to address long-standing 

structural challenges in the economy that the pandemic surfaced and exacerbated, 

especially the need to increase the availability of affordable housing and invest in 

their workforces. 

Key SLFRF Investments through September 30, 2023, for State, Local, 

Territorial, and Tribal Governments3

Category 

Reported 

Funds 

Budgeted 

Number of 

Governments 

Pursuing 

Number of 

Projects 

Reported 

Housing: Emergency Aid, Affordable 

Housing, Homelessness $18.5 Billion 943 2,965

Infrastructure: Water, Sewer, and 

Broadband $32.8 Billion 3,315 13,857

COVID-19 Public Health Response** $12.2 Billion 1,707 6,399

Worker Support: Unemployment Aid, Job 

Training, Public Sector Workforce, 

Essential Worker Premium Pay

$12.8 Billion 2,112 4,352

Small Business Assistance $5 Billion 702 1,579

Childcare and Early Learning $1.2 Billion 266 459

**Includes vaccinations, testing, contact tracing, personal protective equipment, prevention in 

congregate facilities, medical expenses, and other public health measures. 

The following examples come from data reported by SLFRF recipients to the Treasury 

Department.4 These examples provide a snapshot of the types of projects that recipients are 

implementing across key eligible use categories of SLFRF funds.5

3

 This chart includes the most recent project and expenditure reporting received by Treasury for quarterly 

reporters. Specifically, it includes data reported by quarterly reporters (states, territories, and metro cities and 

counties with a population over 250,000 or an allocation over $10 million; Tribal governments with an allocation 

over $30 million; and non-entitlement units of local government allocated more than $10 million) through 

September 30, 2023, and data received from annual reporters (metro cities, counties, and non-entitlement units of 

local government with populations less than 250,000 and an allocation less than $10 million, and Tribal 

governments with an allocation less than $30 million) through March 31, 2023.

4

 The examples included throughout this post are based on recipients’ reports, and their inclusion in this document 

does not constitute approval of these projects by Treasury. 

5

 This analysis includes quarterly Project and Expenditure reports covering the period ending September 30, 2023. 

Recipients file either annually or quarterly based on population and allocation size. The data in this report is 
3 

Investing in and expanding access to affordable homes is a key goal of the Treasury 

Department and the Biden-Harris Administration. Governments across the country are 

leveraging SLFRF award funds to construct new homes and rehabilitate or repair 

existing ones. Treasury encourages jurisdictions to consider using their SLFRF funds to 

support housing stability, the construction and preservation of new affordable homes, 

or to supplement other American Rescue Plan programs aiding renters and 

homeowners, such as the Emergency Rental Assistance program and the Homeowners 

Assistance Fund. In the summer of 2022, Treasury expanded the flexibility for 

recipients to use their SLFRF funds to invest in making homes more affordable. Since 

then, spending on affordable housing continues to accelerate. Compared to data from 

July 2022, SLFRF funds budgeted for housing stability, preservation, and construction 

increased by 59% to a total of $7 billion. Since last quarter, communities have increased 

their SLFRF budgets for housing investment by 4%. In the coming weeks, Treasury also 

plans to release updated guidance that further expands recipients’ flexibility to invest 

SLFRF funds in increasing the number of affordable homes in their communities.

The following are a sample of activities being undertaken by SLFRF recipients to 

increase the supply of affordable homes: 

Boone County, Missouri is budgeting $5 million to construct 77 total units with 22 onebedroom units, 36 two-bedroom units, 15 three-bedroom units, and four four-bedroom 

units. 

The City of Bremerton, Washington is leveraging $500,000 to purchase 36 apartment 

units to serve low-income individuals. 

Eerie County, New York is allocating $13.5 million for the development of 

approximately 40 single-family, new construction, homeownership units for sale to lowand moderate-income buyers. These units will be infill housing constructed on vacant 

lots which are being rededicated to affordable family housing. 

Harris County, Texas is using $10 million to increase the supply of permanent 

supportive housing by 112 units. Additionally, Harris County is using $5.1 million to 

convert an existing hotel built in 2008 into 81 affordable housing units. Harris County 

inclusive of recipient tiers 1-3’s latest quarterly filing, plus data from tiers 4-5 annual report made in 2023 Q1. 

Recipient tiers 1-3 report quarterly, while tiers 4-5 report annually. 

Providing More Americans Access to Affordable Homes 
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Public Health will offer on-site supportive services. Participants will be referred 

through the Homeless Response Service and have dedicated case managers. 

Hillsborough County, New Hampshire is using $2.3 million for the development of 118 

new affordable housing units in its more rural communities. 

Riverside County, California is allocating $4 million for a multi-family affordable rental 

housing project that will consist of 212 affordable units and two on-site resident 

manager units. The homes will be built on 7.5 acres of vacant land in the City of 

Murrieta. 

Another area of investment of SLFRF funds is supporting and expanding the workforce

in response to the negative economic impacts of the pandemic in communities across 

the country. Primary areas of workforce investment include helping impacted workers 

enter in-demand careers, with a particular focus on assisting people who face barriers 

to employment. In addition, these investments are providing communities with tools and 

resources to ensure that Americans can get the skills they need to take advantage of 

the jobs created by President Biden’s Investing in America agenda. The Bipartisan 

Infrastructure Law, the CHIPS and Science Act, and the Inflation Reduction Act are 

expanding economic opportunity to urban and rural communities in every corner of the 

U.S., and the SLFRF program's investments in workforce development are making sure 

that those opportunities are available to American workers – whether or not they have 

a college degree. 

The following are a sample of workforce projects reported by SLFRF recipients: 

Hamilton County, Ohio is budgeting $1.8 million to expand the number of childcare 

teachers within the County to help offset the shortage of teachers generated from the 

pandemic. The grant will work directly with students to assist them in all facets to 

achieve required certifications, overcome barriers, and receive support for job 

placement. 

The City of Miami is budgeting $200,000 to offer short-term pre-apprenticeship 

programs (approximately 15 weeks). The first cohort will focus on unaccompanied 

youth ages 18-24 who are experiencing homelessness. By the end of the course, 

participants will be certified in cloud computing and scrum specialization. 

Supporting Our Workforce 
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The State of Michigan is budgeting $15 million to operate a talent fast track system. 

Funds will be used to provide specialized economic assistance to qualified businesses 

that are locating or expanding in the state. Funds will also be used to collaborate with 

institutions of higher education, community colleges, Michigan Works agencies, private 

training providers, nonprofit entities, state agencies, and local units of government to 

tailor talent solutions, provide customized employee recruitment and screening, and 

provide workforce training for businesses that are locating or expanding in the state. 

The State of Nebraska is using nearly $4.3 million to construct an approximately 

80,000 square foot standalone Welding Technology Center. The objective of this 

project is to create appropriate learning spaces for Welding Technology students 

seeking a Certificate, Diploma, or Associate of Applied Science degree, as well as 

industry-specific training. Additionally, the space will be used for the college’s 

American Welding Society Certified Testing Center to certify welding skills for 

employment needs. 

The State of Ohio is leveraging more than $2.3 million as part of its Appalachian 

Community Grant Program, which provides planning and development grants for 

communities located in Ohio's 32-county Appalachian region. This includes the Utica 

Shale Academy project, which will assist unemployed and underemployed workers by 

creating a workforce training center and training services in Salineville, Ohio. The 

project will establish a new facility with training equipment and instructors to provide 

quality workforce training equipment for residents in Columbiana, Carroll, Jefferson, 

and Mahoning Counties, especially those who are at risk of ongoing unemployment and 

low income. Participants will also have access to Community Health Workers. 

The State of Virginia is utilizing $3 million for the development of a Commercial Driver’s 

License training program and driving range at a community college. 

SLFRF recipients have invested in a wide variety of programs that support small 

businesses’ role as key employers and drivers of local economies, utilizing federal 

funds to sustain the continued record growth in small business creation. Through 

September 30, 2023, governments have budgeted over $5 billion for over 1,500 

projects to support small businesses and small business development. 

Examples of small business projects reported by SLFRF recipients include the 

following: 

Strengthening Small Businesses 
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The City of Asheville, North Carolina is investing almost $1.3 million for a loan 

guarantee program to help meet the growing access-to-capital needs for low-income 

entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs of color. It will build on a successful pilot program, 

leverage an additional $5.4 million in program funding from SLFRF in order to improve 

the funding landscape and access to capital for equitable small business development. 

Fairfax County , Virginia is budgeting approximately $7 million for their Technical 

Assistance Grant program. The program will provide eligible entities with business 

counseling and the most needed technical assistance service(s). The program model 

will increase awareness of public small business support programs, subsidize the costs 

of the consultant services, encourage peer support networks, and seek to provide 

assistance in various languages. It is estimated that approximately 600 businesses will 

have the opportunity to receive consulting services. 

The City of Taunton, Massachusetts is budgeting $135,000 for supporting small 

businesses. Through the program, recipient businesses can be granted professionally 

designed websites and logos, digital point-of-sale systems, and social media coaching 

which will help drive customers to the businesses. 

Washoe County, Nevada is leveraging $150,000 for their Economic Development 

Authority of Western Nevada’s Startup Ecosystem Support Program. The program aims 

to foster a vibrant and diverse entrepreneurial ecosystem within the County by 

organizing Startup Week, a week-long event series focused on educating 

entrepreneurs, promoting innovation, and highlighting the role of startups in the local 

economy. In addition to Startup Week, the initiative will support year-round 

programming, promote diversity, and strengthen the entrepreneurial community. 

SLFRF funds are being invested to strengthen the country’s internet infrastructure by 

laying fiber backbone, completing last-mile connections, and prioritizing equitable 

access to broadband. These investments provide residents with access to education, 

health care, government services, and economic opportunity. As of September 30, 

2023, SLFRF recipients budgeted over $8.2 billion in SLFRF funds for more than 1,278 

broadband internet projects. The SLFRF funds invested in broadband projects 

complement the American Rescue Plan’s expansion of affordable highspeed internet 

Improving Internet Speeds and Access
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access through Treasury’s Capital Projects Fund, as well as the Bipartisan 

Infrastructure Law. 

The following are a sample of broadband projects reported by SLFRF recipients: 

Culpeper County, Virginia is utilizing $6.6 million for a new fiber to the home 

deployment that will make fiber service available to currently unserved locations in the 

County. The network includes approximately 536 miles of distribution fiber. 

The State of Kansas is budgeting $30 million to provide competitive grants to enable 

the deployment of last mile and middle mile broadband infrastructure in areas of the 

state that lack access to high-speed internet. 

The Commonwealth of Kentucky is using over $11 million for a project that 

encompasses four far western counties of Kentucky, including all of the unserved rural 

areas of Hickman and Fulton counties, as well as significant portions of Carlisle County. 

A small number of locations along the western edge of Graves County are also 

included. In total, the project will provide 1 gigabit per second, fiber based, high-speed 

broadband to 1,763 potential subscribers. 

The State of South Carolina is using approximately $7.3 million to build a fiber to the 

home network to serve the citizens of Calhoun, Richland, and Orangeburg Counties. 

Recipients may use SLFRF funds to invest in critical water and sewer infrastructure to 

improve access to clean drinking water and to support vital wastewater and stormwater 

projects. To date, governments have invested $4 billion in more than 1,900 projects to 

meet their water, wastewater, and stormwater goals. 

Examples of water and sewer projects reported by SLFRF recipients include the 

following: 

The City of Corpus Christi , Texas is leveraging $10 million to rehabilitate and/or replace 

aging stormwater infrastructure. The project will assess existing conditions of 

stormwater pipes, ditches, channels, and other aging systems that have reached the 

end of their useful life and will address identified needs. 

The State of Michigan is investing $20 million to upgrade a wastewater treatment 

plant in Ironwood, Michigan. The project includes improvements to the headworks and 

electrical systems, primary treatment components, oxidation ditch processes, final 

In the Flow: Water and Sewer Investments 
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treatment mechanisms, chemical building components, sludge handling processes, and 

equipment associated with digester processes. The plant will also be upgrading to a 

class A biosystems treatment process.

The State of New Jersey is budgeting approximately $250 million for sewer overflow 

projects. 

The State of Ohio is allocating $5 million for a project in the City of Kenton to update 

sewer, storm, and water mains in their downtown. The upgrades offer an opportunity to 

provide the infrastructure replacement and supplements needed to revitalize their 

downtown. It also provides the City with the ability to provide better levels of service to 

the downtown community with less occurrences of water main breaks, better 

pressures, improved flows, adequate fire protection, eliminate lead service lines, and 

provide better water quality for downtown residents and businesses. 

The County of Riverside, California is budgeting $5.8 million to extend sewer service 

to disadvantaged, unincorporated communities that currently use septic systems. 

The State of Utah is allocating $30 million for water improvements at Utah Lake and 

its watershed including wastewater upgrades, stormwater improvements, and 

agricultural nonpoint source as well as in-lake water quality improvements. 

These opportunities are possible because the economy is in a stronger place today as 

a result of the American Rescue Plan. Looking forward, the Treasury Department 

remains focused on ensuring that recipients can leverage their SLFRF award funds to 

meet the unique needs of their communities in ways that will power inclusive and 

equitable economic growth for decades to come.