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******************************************************JORDAN M. v. DARRIC M.* (AC 38640)
Beach, Keller and Harper, Js. Argued May 24—officially released September 8, 2016** (Appeal from the Superior Court, judicial district of

New Haven, Emons, J.)
James Hardy, for the appellant (defendant).Opinion BEACH, J. The defendant, Darric M., appeals from thejudgment ofthe trial court granting the application for a restraining order filed on behalf of the plaintiff, Jordan M., by Eleanor M., as next friend. The defendant claims that (1) there was insufficient evidence to support the court’s imposition of a civil restraining order pursuantto General Statutes § 46b-15, and (2) the court improperly used the mechanism of a restraining order to grant custody ofJordan to Eleanor M. We agree that there was no evidence to support the restraining order and, accordingly, reversethejudgmentofthetrialcourt.
Therecordinthiscaseisconfusingatbestandcertain portions of the file appear to have been entered under incorrect docket numbers. We note as well that only the defendant has filed a brief. It appears that the two relevant Superior Court docket numbers are from the judicial district ofNew Haven: FA-15-4066397, which is
a custody case; and FA-15-4066531, which is a restraining order case. The relevant facts, so far as they
can be discerned from the record, are as follows. The defendant and Heather S. are the parents of Jordan, whowasbornin2013. The Commissionerofthe Department of Children and Families filed a neglect petition against Heather S. In May, 2015, Heather S. purportedly executed an agreement in which she agreed to give temporary custody ofJordan to Eleanor M., the defendant’s aunt. InAugust, 2015, EleanorM. filed in Probate CourtapetitionfortemporarycustodyofJordanandfor removal of the defendant and Heather S. as guardians.
On August 7, 2015, the defendant brought an action in Superior Court against Heather S., seeking sole custody of Jordan (custody case). The defendant filed an applicationforan emergency exparte order ofcustody. The court, Goodrow, J., issued an emergency ex parte order granting the defendant temporary custody on August 7, 2015. Following that order, a hearing was held on August 21, 2015, before the court, Emons, J., at which the defendantwas self-represented.1 Onthat date, the court granted Eleanor M., also self-represented, permission to intervene inthe case. The court foundthatthe defendant had not established that custody should be transferred from Eleanor M. to him, and ordered thatJordan remain in the temporary custody of Eleanor M. until the resolution ofthe probate case.2 The courtpermitted the defendant visitation with Jordan during the day, with no overnight visitation.
Onthe night ofAugust21, 2015, Heather S., the defendant, and Noel R., the defendant’s brother, went with police officers to the home of Eleanor M. Eleanor M. did not have a copy ofthe August 21, 2015 court order, which had been entered that same day, and the police required her to return Jordan to the custody of hisparents. In reaction, Eleanor M. filed in the custody case, on August 24, 2015, an application seeking an emergency ex parte order of custody. The judgment file in the custody case that was signed by the court, Emons, J., on March 4, 2016, reflects that on August 24, 2015, the court foundthat an immediate andpresent risk ofphysical danger orpsychological harmto Jordan existed and that it was in the best interest of Jordan to award temporary custody to Eleanor M. The court further terminated all visitation by the defendant. The judgment file further states that ‘‘[t]hese orders were made permanent on October 27, 2015.’’
Also on August 24, 2015, Eleanor M., pursuant to § 46b-15 and as next friend ofJordan, filed applications for civil restraining orders against the defendant (restraining order case), Heather S. and Noel R., all of which were granted ex parte.3 On September 4, 2015,
a hearing was held addressing the August restraining orders; the court continuedthe matterto September 15, 2015, while the ex parte temporary restraining orders remainedintact. Followingthe September 15, 2015hearing, the court held that Eleanor M. had sustained her burdenregardingthe § 46b-15restrainingordersagainst Heather S., Noel R., and the defendant, and ordered them to be in effect for one year. The defendant filed
a motion for articulation and a motion for reconsideration, both of which were denied by the court. This appeal followed. We stress that the only appeal is from the restraining order case. There is no appeal from the custody case. I
The defendant first claims that the evidence was insufficient to support a finding that he presented ‘‘a continuous threat of present physical pain or physical injury,’’ as required by § 46b-15.4 We agree. ‘‘[W]e will not disturb a trial court’s orders unless the court has abused its discretion or it is found that it could not reasonably conclude as it did, based on the facts presented.

. . . In determining whether a trial court has abused its broad discretion

. . . we allow every reasonable presumption in favor of the correctness of its action.

. . . Appellate review of a trial court’sfindingsoffactisgovernedbythe clearlyerroneous standard of review.

. . . A finding offact is clearly
erroneous when there is no evidence in the record to support it

. . . or when although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.

. . . Our deferential standard ofreview, however, does not extend to the court’s interpretation ofand application ofthe law to the facts. It is axiomatic that amatter oflaw is entitled to plenary review on appeal.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Kayla M. v. Greene, 163 Conn. App. 493, 504, 136 A.3d 1 (2016).Section 46b-15 (a) provides in relevant part: ‘‘Any family or household member

. . . who has been subjected to a continuous threat of present physical pain
or physical injury, stalking or a pattern of threatening, including, but not limited to, a pattern of threatening

. . . by another family or household member may make
an application to the Superior Court for relief under this section.’’5
A review ofthe evidence presented at the September 4 and September 15, 2015 hearings regarding the restraining order reveals that there was no evidence of
a continuous threat ofpresentphysicalpain orphysical injury, stalking or a pattern of threatening.6 There was evidence that the defendant, along with others, came to the home of Eleanor M. on the night of August 21, 2015, with police officers, and took Jordan. The court’s reasoningforgrantingtheapplicationfortherestraining order is not clear, but evidence of the defendant’s behavior on the night ofAugust 21 is the only evidence in the September 4 and 15 transcripts upon which the court conceivably could have based its order. There
was no evidence that there was violent or physically threatening conduct on the night of August 21, 2015, andtherewas no evidencethatthe defendantpresented
a threat ofphysical pain or injury to Jordan. ‘‘The plain language of § 46b-15 clearly requires a continuous threat ofpresentphysical pain orphysical injurybefore
acourtcangrantadomesticviolencerestrainingorder.’’ Krystyna W

. v. Janusz W

., 127 Conn. App. 586, 590, 14 A.3d483 (2011). ‘‘[D]omesticviolencerestrainingorders will not issue in the absence ofthe showing of a threat ofviolence, specifically a continuous threat of present physicalpain orphysicalinjuryto the applicant.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Putman v. Kennedy, 279 Conn. 162, 171, 900 A.2d 1256 (2006). ‘‘The legislature promulgated § 46b-15 to provide an expeditious means of relief for abuse victims.

. . . It is not a statute to provide a remedy in every custody and visitation dispute, however urgent.’’ (Citation omitted.) Putman v. Kennedy, 104 Conn. App. 20, 25–26, 932A.2d439 (2007). The defendant’s behavior, although wrongfully and flagrantlyinviolationofthe court’sAugust21, 2015 orders, and not to be condoned, does not satisfy the elements of § 46b-15. Accordingly, we conclude that the court improperly granted the restraining order against the defendant.
II
With respect to the result of the September 4 and September 15, 2015 hearings, the defendant argues that ‘‘the imposition of a restraining order was an improper
means of determining custody.’’ He argues that the court committed harmful error in removing custody of Jordan from his biological parents and placing custody with Jordan’s aunt, Eleanor M. The defendant’s arguments seem to be based on the September 15 hearing.The court, however, as it noted in its decision denying the defendant’s motion for an articulation filed March 8, 2016, made no custody orders at that hearing.7 The court noted at the outset of the September 4, 2015 hearing that it would hear the restraining order case first and then the custody case. At the conclusion of the September 15, 2015 hearing, the court stated: ‘‘I want the record to be clear that we have three restraining orders and a custody [case] as well.’’ After addressing the restraining orders, the court then stated that, in the custody case, the defendant was seeking custody ofJordan, and ‘‘in the interest ofthe child and in the interest of both parties, I’m

. . . going to have to begin a dialogue on evaluating both parties as to whether or not they are capable ofparenting this child;
one of them, both of them, both of them together, [or] either one, separately.’’ The court noted that it would refer the matter to family relations for that purpose. A court date was set for September 29, and another court date later was scheduled to occur on October 27. It is unclear from the record what occurred in that respect following the September 29, 2015 hearing.8 In its decision denying the motion for an articulation, the court indicated that there were difficulties regarding the parties’ appearance at the hearings. Due to a lack of an adequate record, we are unable to review this claim;
see Practice Book § 61-10; we also observe that there is no appeal in the custody case.9
The judgment granting the restraining order against the defendantisreversedandthe case isremandedwith directionto denythe applicationforarestraining order.

* In accordance with our policy of protecting the privacy interest of the applicant for a restraining order, we decline to identify the applicant or others through whom the applicant’s identity may be ascertained.

** September8, 2016, the date this decisionwas released as a slip opinion, is the operative date for all substantive and procedural purposes.
1 Heather S. did not attend the hearing.

2 It is unclear whether the trial court was deferring to the Probate Court regarding a resolution of the custody issue or ignoring the prior pending guardianship petition in Probate Court.

3 The restraining orders as to Heather S. and Noel R. are not at issue in this appeal.

4 Wefirstconsiderwhethertherecordisadequateforreview. ‘‘Anadequate record usually includes either a memorandum of decision or a transcript signedbythetrialjudge. Practice Book § 64-1. Also, the appellantisresponsible for providing such to this court. Chase Manhattan Bank/City Trust v. AECO Elevator Co., 48 Conn. App. 605, 607, 710 A.2d 190 (1998); Practice Book § 61-10.’’ In re Francisco R., 111 Conn. App. 529, 531, 959 A.2d 1079 (2008). The defendant did not provide this court with a memorandum of decision or a signed transcript, but did provide an unsigned transcript. ‘‘On occasion, we will entertain appellate review ofan unsigned transcript when itsufficientlystatesthecourt’sfindingsandconclusions.’’ (Internalquotation marksomitted.) Id. Inthecontextofthiscase, we concludethatthetranscript provides an adequate record for review of the narrow issue presented.

5 General Statutes (Rev. to 2015) § 46b-15 was amended by Nos. 16-34 and 16-105 of the 2016 Public Acts. Those amendments only altered subsection (a) by requiring the court to provide certain information to persons applying for relief.

6 The defendant also contends that the court appears to have based the restraining order on his lack of employment. Because we agree with the defendant’s argument that the elements of the statute were not satisfied,

we need not address this issue.7 To the extent that the defendant is challenging the restraining order itself, the issue was resolved inthe defendant’s favorinpart I ofthis opinion.

8 Thejudgmentfile statesthattheordersweremadepermanentonOctober 27, 2015. No transcripts of further proceedings or court rulings explaining this aspect of the custody issue have been presented to us.
9 We express no opinion as to any order regarding custody and visitation. Areasoned resolution ofJordan’s situation cannotbe reached in the context of this appeal.