U.S. Marine Corps

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

PCN 143 000057 00

 MTTP for the Tactical

 Employment of

Nonlethal Weapons (NLW)

FM 3-22.40 (FM 90-40)

 MCWP 3-15.8

 NTTP 3-07.3.2

 AFTTP (I) 3-2.45

 USCG Pub 3-07.31 
FOREWARD 

This publication has been prepared under our direction for use by our respective 

commands and other commands as appropriate. 

KEVIN P. BYRNES EDWARD HANLON, JR. 

General, U.S. Army Lieutenant General, USMC 

Commanding General Commanding General 

U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Marine Corps Combat 

Command Development Command 

R. A. ROUTE DAVID MacGHEE, JR. 

Rear Admiral, USN Major General, USAF 

Commander Commander 

Navy Warfare Development Headquarters Air Force 

Command Doctrine Center 

This publication is available on the 

General Dennis J. Reimer Training 

and Doctrine Digital Library at 

www.adtdl.army.mil
i 

PREFACE 

1. Scope 

This publication describes multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) for 

consideration and use during the tactical employment of nonlethal weapons (NLW) in support of warfighting personnel conducting training and tactical operations. This publication— 

a. Provides an overview of NLW and its relationship to deadly force. 

b. Provides NLW system description. 

c. Describes the capability requirements of NLW. 

d. Discusses fundamental concepts and training requirements involved with NLW. 

e. Discusses the tactical employment considerations of NLW. 

f. Discusses lessons learned from previous NLW use. 

2. Purpose 

a. This publication provides a single-source, consolidated reference on the tactical 

employment of NLW and supporting systems. 

b. This publication is not intended to restrict the authority of the commander from 

organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner deemed appropriate. 

3. Application 

a. This publication provides commanders and their staffs unclassified guidance for 

NLW employment and planning. Commanders and staffs can use this publication to aid in 

the tactical employment of NLW during exercises and contingencies. 

b. The United States (U.S.) Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard 

approved this multi-Service publication for use. 

4. Implementation Plan 

Participating service command offices of primary responsibility will review this 

publication, validate the information and reference, and incorporate it in service manuals, 

regulations, and curricula follows. 

Army. The Army will incorporate the procedures in this publication in U.S. Army 

training and doctrinal publications as directed by the Commander, U.S. Army Training and 

Doctrine Command (TRADOC). Distribution of this publication is in accordance with 

(IAW) initial distribution number (IDN) 115757. 

Marine Corps. The Marine Corps will incorporate the procedures in this publication in 

U.S. Marine Corps doctrinal and training publications as directed by the Commanding 

General, U.S. Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC). Distribution of 

this publication is IAW Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication System (MCPDS). 

Navy. The Navy will incorporate the procedures in this publication in U.S. Navy doctrinal and training publications as directed by the Commander, Navy Warfare Development 

Command (NWDC). Distribution of this publication is IAW Military Standard RequisitionMARINE CORPS PCN: 143 000057 00 

Air Force Distribution: F
ii

ing and Issue Procedures (MILSTRIP) Desk Guide and Navy Standing Operating Procedure 

(NAVSOP) Pub 409. 

Air Force. The Air Force will validate and incorporate appropriate procedures IAW 

applicable governing procedures. Distribution is IAW Air Force Instruction (AFI) 33-360. 

Coast Guard. The Coast Guard will incorporate the procedures in this publication in 

U.S. Coast Guard doctrinal and training publications as directed by the Assistant Commandant for Operations, Director of Operations Policy, U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). Distribution of this publication is IAW Coast Guard standing operating procedures. 

5. User Information 

a. TRADOC, MCCDC, NWDC, Air Force Doctrine Center (AFDC), USCG, and the Air 

Land Sea Application (ALSA) Center developed this publication with the joint participation 

of the approving service commands. ALSA will review and update this publication as 

necessary. 

b. This publication reflects current joint and service doctrine, command and control 

organizations, facilities, personnel, responsibilities, and procedures regarding NLW 

employment. Changes in service protocol, appropriately reflected in joint and service 

publications, will likewise be incorporated in revisions of this document. 

c. We encourage recommended changes for improving this publication. Key comments 

to the specific page and paragraph and provide rationale for each recommendation directly 

to— 
iii 

Army 

Commander 

U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command 

ATTN: ATDO-A 

Fort Monroe, VA 23651-5000 

DSN 680-3951 COMM (757) 788-3951 

E-mail: doctrine@.monroe.army.mil 

Marine Corps 

Commanding General 

U.S. Marine Corps Combat Development Command 

ATTN: C42 

3300 Russell Road, Suite 318A 

Quantico, VA 22134-5021 

DSN 278-6233/6234 COMM (703) 784-6233/6234 

E-mail: deputydirectordoctrine@mccdc.usmc.mil 

Navy 

Commander 

Navy Warfare Development Command 

ATTN: N5 

686 Cushing Road 

Newport, RI 02841-1207 

DSN 948-1164/4189 COMM (401) 841-1164/4189 

E-mail: alsapubs@nwdc.navy.mil 

Air Force 

HQ AFDC/DJ 

204 Dodd Boulevard, Suite 301 

Langley AFB, VA 23665-2788 

DSN 574-8091 COMM (757) 764-8091 

E-mail: afdc.dj@langley.af.mil 

Coast Guard 

Commandant (G-OPL) 

U. S. Coast Guard 

2100 2nd Street, S.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20593-0001 

Comm: (202) 267-1178 

E-mail: userid@comdt.uscg.mil 

ALSA 

ALSA Center 

Attn: Director 

114 Andrews Street 

Langley AFB, VA 23665-2785 

DSN 575-0902, Comm (757) 225-0902 

E-mail: alsa.director@langley.af.mil 
*This publication supersedes FM 90-40, MCRP 3-15.8, NWP 3-07-31, USCG Pub 3-07.31, dated 6 October 1998. 

iv

*FM 3-22.40 (FM 90-40)

*MCWP 3-15.8 

*NTTP 3-07.3.2 

AFTTP(I) 3-2.45 

*USCG PUB 3-07.31 

FM 3-22.40 (FM 90-40) U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command 

Fort Monroe, Virginia 

MCWP 3-15.8 U.S. Marine Corps Combat Development Command 

Quantico, Virginia 

NTTP 3-07.3.2 U.S. Navy Warfare Development Command 

Newport, Rhode Island 

AFTTP(I) 3-2.45 Headquarters, Air Force Doctrine Center 

Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 

USSCG Pub 3-07.31 U.S. Coast Guard 

Washington, D.C. 

15 January 2003 

NLW 

Tactical Employment of Nonlethal Weapons 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

PREFACE .............................................................................................................. I 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................IX 

PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS.................................................................................................XI 

CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS.......................................I-1 

Background.......................................................................................I-1

Definition..........................................................................................I-1

Concept Description .........................................................................I-1

Background on Development and Employment.............................I-2

Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force.............................................I-3

Advantages of Employing NLW ......................................................I-4 

Policy Per Office of the Secretary of Defense Instructions on 

Employment of NLW........................................................................I-4
v 

CHAPTER II PURPOSE, SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, AND ORGANIZATION .......II-1 

Purpose ............................................................................................II-1

System Description .........................................................................II-1

Organization....................................................................................II-2

CHAPTER III NLW CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS............................................III-1 

Applicability Across the Range of Military Operations ...............III-1

Core Capabilities............................................................................III-2

Limitations .....................................................................................III-3

CHAPTER IV TRAINING .......................................................................................IV-1 

Fundamental Concepts and Training Requirements...................IV-1

Training of Instructors...................................................................IV-1

Nonlethal Training Topics for Deploying Units ...........................IV-1

Leader Training .............................................................................IV-2

Unit Training .................................................................................IV-3

Training Disclaimer .......................................................................IV-3

Additional Training........................................................................IV-3

Summary ........................................................................................IV-4 

CHAPTER V EMPLOYMENT ................................................................................V-1 

Background......................................................................................V-1

Mission Planning Factors ...............................................................V-1

NLW Tasks ......................................................................................V-2

Staff Planning/Responsibilities ....................................................V-16

Tactics ............................................................................................V-17

Employment Objectives ................................................................V-20

Rules of Engagement ....................................................................V-21

CHAPTER VI LESSONS LEARNED .....................................................................VI-1 

Background.....................................................................................VI-1

Lessons Learned.............................................................................VI-1

Employment ...................................................................................VI-2

Publicity and Media .......................................................................VI-3

Capabilities and Impact on Mission Accomplishment.................VI-3

Knowing Your Adversary...............................................................VI-4

Summary ........................................................................................VI-5

APPENDIX A DOD NONLETHAL WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT ITEM 

DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ A-1 

APPENDIX B SUMMARY: SPECIALTY IMPACT MUNITIONS............................ B-1 

APPENDIX C INTERSERVICE NONLETHAL INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS 

INSTRUCTOR COURSE................................................................. C-1 

APPENDIX D SAMPLE: UNIT TRAINING SCHEDULES/FIRING TABLES ......... D-1 

APPENDIX E NLW CAPABILITY SETS.................................................................E-1 

REFERENCES .........................................................................................References-1 

GLOSSARY .............................................................................................Glossary-1 

INDEX ...................................................................................................Index-1 
vi

FIGURES V-1. Nonlethal Weapons Ranges ..................................................V-21

V-2. Platoon in Depth....................................................................V-22

V-3. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Security 

Element ...................................................................................V-23

V-4. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Recovery Team.......V-24

V-5. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Recovery Team 

Redeploy ..................................................................................V-25

V-6. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Security 

Element Redeploy ...................................................................V-26

V-7. Platoon On Line—Munitions Squad in Close Support to 

Cover Flanks ...........................................................................V-26

V-8. Platoon Column .....................................................................V-27

V-9. Platoon On Line.....................................................................V-28

V-10. Platoon Lateral Support, Left (Right) ................................V-28

V-11. Two Platoons in Close Support...........................................V-29

V-12. Recovery Team Deployment................................................V-29

V-13. Recovery Team Actions and Security Posture ...................V-30

V-14. Platoon in Column (USMC) ................................................V-31

V-15. Platoon in General Support (USMC)..................................V-32

V-16. Platoon in Close Support (Start) (USMC)..........................V-33

V-17. Platoon in Close Support (Finish).......................................V-34

V-18. Deploying Soft Baseline ......................................................V-35

V-19. Deploying Escort Team (Start) ...........................................V-36

V-20. Deploying Escort Team (Finish) .........................................V-37

V-21. Recovery of Downed Personnel or Stranded Vehicle 

(Big Johnson) ..........................................................................V-38

A-1. Riot Face Shield........................................................................A-1

A-2. Riot Body Shield.......................................................................A-1

A-3. Riot Shin Guard .......................................................................A-2

 A-4. Expandable Riot Baton (with holster)....................................A-2

A-5. Portable Bullhorn.....................................................................A-2

A-6. Disposable Handcuff ................................................................A-3

A-7. Training Disposable Handcuff.................................................A-3

A-8. MK-4 Pepper Spray Pouch.......................................................A-3

A-9. MK-4 Individual Live OC Pepper Spray.................................A-3

A-10. MK-9 Pepper Spray Pouch.....................................................A-3

A-11. MK-9 Squad Live OC Pepper Spray......................................A-4

A-12. MK-46 Platoon Live (Horizontal) OC Pepper Spray ............A-4

A-13. MK-46 Sling............................................................................A-4

A-14. MK-46 Hardware Kit ............................................................A-4

A-15. MK-46 Refill Live OC Pepper Spray ....................................A-5

A-16. MK-4 Individual Inert OC Pepper Spray.............................A-5
vii 

A-17. MK-9 Squad Inert OC Pepper Spray....................................A-5

A-18. MK-46 Platoon Inert OC Pepper Spray ..............................A-5

A-19. MK-46 Refill Inert OC Pepper Spray ...................................A-6

A-20. FIST Training Suit................................................................A-6

A-21. Riot Training Strike Bag.......................................................A-6

A-22. Caltrop ...................................................................................A-6

A-23. Road Side Spike Strip ...........................................................A-7 

A-24. High-Intensity Search Light.................................................A-7

A-25. Individual Light Holster (6P) ...............................................A-7

A-26. 6P Individual Light...............................................................A-7

A-27. 6P Individual Light Accessory Kit......................................A-8

A-28. 3V Lithium Batteries ............................................................A-8

A-29. 12-Gauge Buttstock Cuff.......................................................A-8

A-30. 12-Gauge Utility Pouch.........................................................A-8

A-31. 40-mm Carrying Pouch .........................................................A-8

A-32. Diversionary/Rubber Ball Grenade Pouch...........................A-9

A-33. 12-Gauge Mossberg 500A2/590 Shotgun..............................A-9

A-34. 12-Gauge M870 (modified) Version 2 (USCG).....................A-9

A-35. Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight (ACOG) Reflex 

Sight (USCG) ............................................................................A-9

A-36. ACOG Reflex Sight (USCG)................................................A-10

A-37. Crowd Dispersal Cartridge .................................................A-10 

A-38. Soldier Employing CDC with M203 ..................................A-10

A-39. PVAB in Action (Far View).................................................A-11

A-40. PVAB in Action Near View.................................................A-11

A-41. Modified Crowd Control Munition-Ground Emplaced 

(MCCM-GE) ............................................................................A-11

A-42. MCCM-GE Range Chart.....................................................A-12

A-43. 66-mm Vehicle Mounted Nonlethal Grenade Launcher 

(VMNLGL) ..............................................................................A-13

A-44. VMNLGL Range Chart.......................................................A-13

A-45. Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES)...................A-14

A-46. RGES Surface Delivery System..........................................A-14

A-47. RGES Barrier Employment................................................A-15

A-48. RGES Aerial Delivery System (ADS).................................A-15

A-49. RGES Aerial Delivery System (ADS).................................A-16

A-50. Warp Cutter.........................................................................A-17

B-1. 12-Gauge Launch Cartridge ...................................................B-1 

B-2. 12-Gauge Bean Bag Cartridge................................................B-2

B-3. 12-Gauge Rubber Fin Stabilized Cartridge ...........................B-3

B-4. 40-mm Foam Rubber Baton Cartridge...................................B-4

B-5. 40-mm Rubber Ball Cartridge ................................................B-5

B-6. Rubber Ball Grenade...............................................................B-6
viii

B-7. Practice Grenade Body............................................................B-7

B-8. Practice Grenade Fuze ............................................................B-8

B-9. Nonlethal Grenade Launch Cup.............................................B-9

B-10. Diversionary Charge, MK 141, MOD 0 ..............................B-10

B-11. Cartridge, 12-Gauge Rubber Sting BallTM .........................B-11

B-12. Cartridge, 12-Gauge Sting BallTM High Velocity...............B-12

B-13. M1006, 40-mm Nonlethal Cartridge (Sponge Grenade)....B-13

B-14. M1012, 12-Gauge Shotgun: Nonlethal, Point Control 

Cartridge .................................................................................B-14

B-15. M1013, 12-Gauge Shotgun: Nonlethal, Crowd 

Dispersal Cartridge ................................................................B-15

B-16. M1029, 40-mm Nonlethal Crowd Dispersal Grenade .......B-16

B-17. L96A1, Grenade, Discharger: Antiriot, Irritant, CS ........B-17

B-18. L97A1, Grenade, Discharger: Antiriot, Practice...............B-18

B-19. Grenade, Launcher: Nonlethal, Distraction, M98............B-19

B-20. M99, Grenade, Launcher: Nonlethal, Blunt Trauma.......B-20

Tables V-1. Crowd Control...........................................................................V-4 

V-2. Incapacitate Personnel.............................................................V-6

V-3. Deny Area to Personnel............................................................V-7

V-4. Deny Area to Vehicles ..............................................................V-9

V-5. Deny/Neutralize Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels, and 

Facilities ..................................................................................V-10

V-6. Seize Personnel.......................................................................V-12

V-7. Clear Facilities of Personnel..................................................V-13

C-1. Required Equipment For INIWIC...........................................C-2

C-2. INIWIC Class V Requirements ...............................................C-4

C-3. INIWIC Curriculum .................................................................C-4

D-1. NLW Training Course 5-Day Training Schedule ................D-12

D-2. NLW Training Course 10-Day Training Schedule ..............D-13

E-1 U.S. Army Nonlethal Capability Set (Version FY 2001)........E-1

E-2 U.S. Marine Corps FY02 Company-Size Nonlethal 

Capability Set............................................................................E-2

E-3 USMC FY02 NLW Capability Set—Platoon Size ...................E-3

E-4. Notional USN NLW Capability Set.........................................E-4

E-5. Notional USN Capability Set...................................................E-5

E-6. USAF NLW Capability Set.....................................................E-6

E-5. Notional USCG NLW Capability Set ......................................E-7
ix 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Tactical Employment of 

Nonlethal Weapons (NLW) 

Today’s world events mandate a need to project nonlethal force across all levels of war 

to enable our warfighters and leaders to effectively deal with a host of traditional as well as 

nontraditional threats. Now more than ever, the minimal level of tolerance for collateral 

damage and loss of human life, coupled with the tendency for the typical adversary to exploit the rules of engagement (ROE) to his benefit, necessitates an effective and flexible application of force through nonlethal weapons. Much like a rheostat switch in which power 

can be dialed up or down as desired, NLW provide tools to allow a commander to employ 

sufficient force to accomplish an objective without requiring the destruction of an enemy or 

the habitat. The intent of employing NLW is not to add another step in the progression of 

escalation with an adversary, but to add another tool to use anywhere along that continuum. This publication provides initial guidance for employing NLW in a tactical environment. 

Overview of NLW 

Chapter I describes the background, definition, and the concept description of NLW. 

This chapter discusses the development and employment of NLW, and explains the relationship of NLW to deadly force capabilities. The final portion of the chapter reviews policy 

per Office of Secretary of Defense instructions on employing NLW. 

Purpose, System Description, and Organization 

Chapter II describes the purpose of NLW and gives a general description of currently 

available commercial or government off-the-shelf equipment and munitions. The chapter 

also addresses organization structure, to include system location/distribution, personnel 

requirements, and mission requirements/tactical structure. 

New Capability Requirements 

Chapter III describes the applicability of NLW across the range of military operations. 

Additionally, this chapter discusses the core capabilities as stated in the Joint Mission Area 

Analysis (JMAA) as described in the Department of Defense Joint Concept for NLW. 

Training With the NLW Capability Set 

Chapter IV describes training requirements, topics, methods, locations, and a program 

of instruction from the Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course currently available for NLW options. This chapter also addresses additional training available 

from civilian law enforcement agencies. 
x

Employment of NLW Capabilities 

Chapter V establishes the fundamental understanding of the force continuum needed to 

employ NLW. It outlines employment prerequisites, mission-planning factors, and personnel requirements needed to employ NLW options. It further delineates NLW tasks according to the JMAA and provides considerations for preparation for unit tactical operations. 

This chapter also discusses employment objectives for NLW and ROE development. This 

chapter ends with multiple examples of service-specific crowd control formations used by 

units equipped with NLW. 

Lessons Learned 

Chapter VI focuses on NLW lessons learned from recent military operations. The chapter discusses how nonlethal technology has changed the way forces are looking at their adversaries in using NLW. It also covers the use of NLW along the force continuum in conjunction with ROE and the media. 
xi 

PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS 

The following commands and agencies participated in developing this publication: 

Joint 

U.S. Joint Forces Command, Suffolk, VA 

U.S. European Command, J3/J5, APO AE 

U.S. Pacific Command, J3832, Camp H. M. Smith, HI 

U.S. Central Command, J3, MacDill AFB, FL 

U.S. Southern Command, SCJ5-PS, Miami, FL 

U.S. Space Command, SPJ5X, Peterson AFB, CO 

U.S. Special Operations Command, HQ USSOCOM, SOOP-PTE, MacDill AFB, FL 

Joint Nonlethal Weapons Directorate, Quantico, VA 

Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 

Army 

Headquarters, Department of the Army, ODCSOPS (DAMO-FDT), Pentagon, Washington, 

D.C. 

U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, DCSDCS (ATDO-A), Fort Monroe, VA 

U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, DCSDEV (ATCD-SN), Fort Monroe, VA 

U.S. Army Infantry Center, DCD, Fort Benning, GA 

U.S. Army Military Police School, ATTN: DOTD, MANSCEN (ATZT-DT-WM-M), Fort Leonard Wood, MO 

USAJFKSWCS, DOTD, Fort Bragg, NC 

National Ground Intelligence Center, Charlottesville, VA 

Marine Corps 

Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Quantico, VA 

MARCORSYSCOM, Quantico, VA 

USMC Warfighting Lab, Quantico, VA 

MCSFT Company, MCSF Battalion, Chesapeake, VA 

2d FAST MCSF Battalion, Yorktown, VA 

1st MARDIV Military Police Company, HQ Battalion, Camp Pendleton, CA 

Marine Corps Detachment Military Police and Chemical School, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 

Special Operations Training Group, I Marine Expeditionary Force, Camp Pendleton, CA 

Special Operations Training Group, II Marine Expeditionary Force, Camp Lejeune, NC 

Navy 

Commander, Navy Warfare Development Command (NWDC), Newport, RI 

USN Surface Warfare Center, Crane, IN 

USN Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, VA 

Air Force 

AFDC/DJ, Langley AFB, VA 

Headquarters, ACC/SFOT, Langley AFB, VA 

Air Force Security Forces Center/SFOR, Lackland, AFB, TX 

Headquarters, USAF/XOF, Washington, D.C. 

Coast Guard 

Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, (G-OPL-2), Washington, D.C. 

I-1

Chapter I 

Overview of Nonlethal Weapons 

1. Background 

a. In today’s operational environment, United States (U.S.) forces regularly perform 

missions that were almost inconceivable a few decades ago. In this new environment, 

lethal firepower or the threat of its use may no longer be the default solution to all crises or 

problems. Senior leaders face a new level of public and media sensitivity and scrutiny 

concerning the proper role of the military as an instrument of national power. Field 

commanders must understand these sensitivities and attempt to achieve an appropriate 

military force. Junior leaders must apply the resulting decisions wisely, often in changing 

situations filled with uncertainty and danger. 

b. Throughout history, changes in culture and technology have influenced the 

character of military force and the manner in which it is employed. These changes are an 

attempt to maximize military force in the force continuum. In the complex and changing 

political and social domain of the modern world, nonlethal capabilities may offer the 

opportunity to increase or maximize the military as an instrument of national power. 

c. Nonlethal weapons (NLW) must now be considered an integral part of joint 

operational capabilities. Joint forces anticipate that NLW technology will advance and 

provide additional options for force commanders. 

2. Definition 

a. Department of Defense Directive (DODD) 3000.3, Policy for Nonlethal Weapons, 9 

July 1996, defines NLW as “weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily employed so 

as to incapacitate personnel or materiel while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to 

personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment.” Furthermore, “unlike 

conventional lethal weapons that destroy their targets principally through blast, 

penetration, and fragmentation, nonlethal weapons employ means other than gross 

physical destruction to prevent the target from functioning. Nonlethal weapons are 

intended to have relatively reversible effects on personnel and materiel.” 

b. The term “nonlethal” does not mean zero mortality or nonpermanent damage; these 

are goals and not guarantees of these weapons. NLW can add flexibility to combat 

operations and enhance force protection by providing an environment in which friendly 

troops can engage threatening targets with reduced risk of noncombatant casualties and 

collateral damage. 

3. Concept Description 

Nonlethal capabilities within the context of the service capability sets (see Appendix E) 

may provide armed forces additional offensive and defensive tools to assist in the incapacitation and destruction of an enemy, capture of important intelligence sources, crowd control, civil disturbances, enforcing mandates, and force protection in accordance with the 

specified rules of engagement (ROE) for a specific operation. These operations include 

small-scale contingencies (SSC), military operations other than war (MOOTW), stability 

and support operations (SASO), and civil disturbances. The U.S. Army’s Task Force (TF) 

FALCON in Kosovo and U.S. armed forces located at Camp X-RAY in Guantanamo Bay, 

Cuba are superb examples of the use of NLW to prevent escalation within an operation. 
I-2

4. Background on Development and Employment 

a. Military forces have long used nonlethal force to influence behavior of people and 

nations, defeat adversaries with minimum use of lethal capabilities, and weaken 

adversaries to defeat them with conventional arms. Examples of nonlethal means include a 

show of force, physical obstacles, riot control agents (RCA), noise to create or enhance 

psychological effects, smoke and obscurants to mask operations or defeat homing and 

guidance mechanisms, and using light to disorient combatants. These nonlethal means will 

remain relevant in future operations and are a part of an evolutionary process of weapons 

development. Joint operations in Somalia provided increased awareness of the need to 

incorporate nonlethal options into the fighting capabilities. Therefore, the Department of 

Defense (DOD) established the Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program in 1996 to research, 

develop, and acquire these capabilities. 

b. Increased interaction between U.S. forces and civilian populations has become a 

feature of the contemporary operational landscape that is likely to remain the case in the 

future. Three factors account for this forecast: 

(1) Worldwide patterns of population growth and migration have resulted in an 

expansion of urban culture within established industrialized nations, as well as many preindustrial and emerging third world societies (60 percent of the world’s population live in 

built-up areas). The prevalence of urbanization in many crisis-prone regions of the world 

creates the potential for large, vulnerable groups of noncombatants to be entrapped in 

volatile confrontations involving the deployment of military forces in military operations in 

urban terrain (MOUT). 

(2) U.S. forces increasingly operate in the challenging environment known as 

MOOTW; a category that includes such missions as humanitarian assistance, disaster 

relief, noncombatant evacuations, and the various types of peace operations. These

operations commonly involve close and continual interaction between U.S. forces and 

noncombatant civilians. Some MOOTW scenarios include the presence of paramilitary 

forces, armed factions, or rogue elements that present a constant, but uncertain threat to 

joint forces. In these situations, the mission of military forces includes preventive tasks. In 

other words, U.S. forces enhance mission accomplishment by preventing individuals or 

factions from carrying out specified undesirable activities, such as rioting, looting, 

attacking, harassing, or threatening. Often, the adversary blends in with the local 

population of innocent citizens. At other times, sectors of the local population may rise 

against U.S. forces and become active participants in acts of violence. Factional 

alignments, the level of violence, and the threat to mission accomplishment, may change 

frequently with little or no warning. Under such circumstances, the identity of adversaries 

is uncertain and the use of deadly force for purposes other than self-defense may be 

constrained by ROE or the judgment of the on-scene commander. 

(3) From a defense-in-depth or situational understanding perspective, the force 

protection, homeland security, and the antiterrorism missions, require that forces assess 

the use of NLW as a response to potential asymmetric attacks. Asymmetric threats run the 

spectrum of adversarial use of innovative or nontraditional strategies, tactics, or 

technologies, to exploit vulnerabilities and strike a decisive blow while avoiding the 

strengths of an opponent. The objectives of these strikes are intended to undermine 

national will. Terrorist attacks such as those directed against the USS Cole, World Trade 

Center, and Pentagon, highlight the severity of the asymmetric threat and its resultant 

effects. 
I-3 

5. Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force 

a. NLW provide “the lesser means” that could be considered prior to employing deadly 

force. The services definition of deadly force is as follows: 

(1) U.S. Army – “Force that a person uses causing, or that a person knows, or 

should know, will create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm.” (Army 

Regulation (AR) 190–14, Military Police Carrying of Firearms and Use of Force for Law 

Enforcement and Security Duties, 12 March 1993). 

(2) USMC – “That force which a person uses with the purpose of causing death or 

serious bodily harm or which a reasonable and prudent person would consider likely to 

create substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm. It will be used as a last 

resort when all lesser means have failed.” Marine Corps Order (MCO) 5500.6F, Arming of 

Security and Law Enforcement Personnel and the Use of Force, 20 July 1995. 

(3) USN – “Force that a person uses causing, or that a person knows or should 

know would create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm.” Secretary of 

The Navy Instruction (SECNAVINST) 5500.29B, Use of Deadly Force and the Carrying of 

Firearms by Personnel of the Department of the Navy in Conjunction with Law 

Enforcement, Security Duties and Personal Protection, 29 September 1992. 

(4) USAF – “Force that causes, or that you know has a substantial risk of causing 

death or serious bodily harm.” Air Force Instruction (AFI) 31-207, Arming and Use of Force 

by Air Force Personnel, 1 September 1999. 

(5) USCG – “Deadly force is any force that is likely to cause death or other serious 

physical injury.” (COMDTINST M16247.1B, Maritime Law Enforcement Manual, 9 August 

2001.) 

b. The commitment of military power to resolve crises has traditionally involved the 

use of deadly force or the implicit or explicit threat of the use of deadly force. Military units 

are trained, organized, and equipped for this purpose. A force armed only with traditional 

military weapons normally has two options for enforcing compliance: threating deadly force 

and applying deadly force. This limitation creates a critical vulnerability that belligerents 

may quickly discern and use to their advantage. 

c. Nonlethal capabilities provide a wider range of options that augment, but do not 

replace traditional means of deadly force. The option to resort to deadly force must always 

remain available when the commander believes it is appropriate to the mission. DODD 

3000.3, states "the availability of NLW shall not limit a commander's inherent authority 

and obligation to use all necessary means available and to take all appropriate action in 

self-defense.” The existence of nonlethal capabilities does not represent the potential for 

“nonlethal war,” and unrealistic expectations to that effect must be vigorously avoided. 

Noncombatant casualties, to include serious injuries and fatalities, are often an 

unavoidable outcome when employing military power, regardless of NLW availability. 

Augmenting deadly force with NLW should be fundamental to planning and executing any 

operation where the commander is contemplating deadly force. 

d. The commander must clearly articulate the roles of NLW within the ROE. NLW is 

an additional means of employing force throughout the force continuum for the particular 

purpose of reducing the probability of death or serious injury to noncombatants or 

belligerents. Using deadly force must always remain an inherent right of individuals in 

instances when they, their fellow servicemen, or personnel in their charge are threatened 

with death or serious bodily harm. NLW add flexibility to combat operations and enhance 

force protection by providing the field commander with options to engage threatening 

targets with limited risk of noncombatant casualties and collateral damage. 
I-4

e. Commanders and public affairs officers (PAO) must prepare personnel to address 

media questions and concerns regarding the role of NLW. Operational experience indicates 

that new capabilities give rise to significant media interest. Personnel participating in 

interviews or briefings must be prepared to address the role of NLW. It must be clear that 

the presence of NLW in no way indicates abandoning the option to employ deadly force in 

appropriate circumstances. 

6. Advantages of Employing NLW 

NLW provide commanders the flexibility to influence the situation favorably with increased safety to friendly forces and reduced risk of both noncombatant fatalities and collateral damage. Some advantages follow: 

a. NLW can be more humane and consistent with the political and social implications 

implicit in humanitarian and peacekeeping missions. 

b. The force that properly employs nonlethal options can gain advantages over those 

who rely on lethal options alone. Because the degree of provocation required to employ 

NLW is substantially less than lethal options, the force can take a more proactive position 

that may diminish the likelihood of having a situation escalate to a point where deadly 

force is required to resolve a conflict. 

c. NLW options can be less likely to provoke others. However, commanders should be 

cautioned using NLW does not preclude an undesired result. 

d. Demonstrated restraint can greatly diminish feelings of anger and remorse when 

deadly force is required after nonlethal options fail. 

e. Using NLW can facilitate post incident stabilization by reducing populace alienation 

and collateral damage. 

f. NLW can reduce the possibility of injury to friendly forces compared to forces 

without NLW. 

7. Policy Per Office of the Secretary of Defense Instructions on Employment of 

NLW 

a. DODD 3000.3 states, “nonlethal weapons, doctrine, and concepts of operation shall 

be designed to reinforce deterrence and expand the range of options available to 

commanders. Nonlethal weapons should enhance the capability of U.S. Forces to 

accomplish the following objectives: 

(1) Discourage, delay, or prevent hostile actions. 

(2) Limit escalation. 

(3) Take military action in situations where use of lethal force is not the preferred 

option. 

(4) Better protect our forces. 

(5) Temporarily disable equipment, facilities, and personnel. 

(6) Nonlethal weapons should also be designed to help decrease the post-conflict 

costs of reconstruction.” 

b. DODD 3000.3 continues by stating, “The availability of nonlethal weapons shall not 

limit a commander’s inherent authority and obligation to use all necessary means available 

and to take all appropriate action in self-defense. Neither the presence nor the potential 

effect of nonlethal weapons shall constitute an obligation for their employment or a higher 
I-5 

standard for employment of force than provided for by applicable law. In all cases, the 

United States retains the option for immediate use of lethal weapons, when appropriate, 

consistent with international law.” 

c. DODD 3000.3 further states, “Nonlethal weapons shall not be required to have a 

zero probability of producing fatalities or permanent injuries. However, while complete 

avoidance of these effects is not guaranteed or expected, when properly employed, nonlethal 

weapons should significantly reduce them as compared with physically destroying the same 

target.” Nonlethal weapons may be used in conjunction with lethal weapon systems to 

enhance the latter’s effectiveness and efficiency in military operations. This shall apply 

across the range of military operations to include those situations where overwhelming 

force is employed.” 

d. According to paragraph 3.21 of the Interium Guidance issued by the Deputy 

Secretary of Defense, 30 October 2002, all developmental weapon systems must be 

submitted for legal review and must receive favorable findings before they can be 

incorporated into the force. This review includes examination for consistency with 

applicable international and domestic laws, including the laws of war, various arms control 

treaties, and protocols. U.S. forces can be assured that any NLW they are issued have 

passed this critical test. Medical and policy reviews should also be considered prior to 

fielding any new weapon systems. Commanders and operators should consult their specific 

ROE for guidance. 

e. Some capabilities, although designed to minimize fatalities and serious injuries, may 

have effects that could actually discourage their use. Therefore, the basic decision to 

employ military force in defense of national interests is usually a matter of intense public 

concern. The manner in which that force is exercised is subjected to the same scrutiny. 

f. The presence of NLW on the battlefield does not mean they must be used. It also 

does not mean they must be used prior to the use of lethal force. In all cases, the U.S. 

retains the option for immediate use of lethal weapons when the on-scene commander 

deems it appropriate. Additionally, the immediate use of lethal weapons must be consistent 

with U.S. and international law and the ROE. 

II-1

Chapter II 

PURPOSE, SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, AND ORGANIZATION 

1. Purpose 

The purpose of NLW is to enhance the ability of military commanders to conduct operations across the spectrum of conflict. Over the past several years, military operations have 

gravitated towards the lower end of this spectrum and have involved U.S. forces in various 

missions. These missions include SSC, SASO, MOOTW, and civil disturbances where the 

ROE are inherently restrictive. NLW are designed to address the special requirements of 

low-intensity environments. They provide tools that enable the individual, team, or unit, to 

anticipate and/or respond to provocation with more appropriate means than through the 

use of deadly force. Essentially, NLW provide U.S. forces with a near-term capability for 

effectively controlling the nontraditional battlefield, within the constraints levied by ROE, 

by reducing the risk to friendly forces, mitigating casualties, and minimizing collateral 

damage. 

2. System Description 

a. NLW Capability Set. The services have, and are continuing to procure, versatile 

packages of NLW comprised of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and government off-theshelf (GOTS) equipment and munitions. The government is also exploring advanced 

technologies for future procurements. In addition to addressing contingency requirements, 

the services’ NLW capability sets provide limited sustainment training ammunition and 

equipment. 

b. NLW Capability Set—Component Categories. Each service determines the contents 

of its own capability set. Examples of the services current configurations are shown in 

Appendix E. The NLW capability set components can be divided into four distinct 

categories: personnel protectors, personnel effectors, mission enhancers, and training 

devices. The following examples are not all-inclusive. 

(1) Personnel Protectors. Personnel protectors include items such as face shields, 

riot shields, and shin guards that protect the individual from blunt trauma injuries 

inflicted by thrown objects, clubs, etc. 

(2) Personnel Effectors. Personnel effectors include items such as riot batons, 

malodorants, stingball grenades, pepper sprays, and other kinetic rounds (e.g. sponge 

grenades) designed to discourage, disorient, or incapacitate individuals or groups. 

(3) Mission Enhancers. Mission enhancers include items such as bullhorns, 

spotlights, caltrops, isotropic radiators (stun/flash), and barriers/entanglers. These items 

are designed to facilitate target identification and crowd control, and to limit personnel and 

vehicular movement. 

(4) Training Devices. Training devices include items such as training suits, 

training rounds, training batons, and inert pepper sprays. They are designed to facilitate 

realistic hands-on scenario training in preparation for operations. 

c. System Relationships and Inter/Intraoperability. The NLW capability set is 

designed to provide an operating force (ranging from squad through battalion-sized units 

[see Appendix E]) with tactically deployable nonlethal equipment. Fielding of this 

capability set enhances the operation of systems and equipment already fielded and 

planned within the joint community. The NLW capability set components are compatible 

with military equipment that is already fielded or planned for future fielding. The 
II-2

components of the NLW capability set are supported within current military logistic 

capabilities. 

d. Augmentation of Organic Equipment. The operational intent of the capability set is 

to augment an operating force with the required nonlethal equipment to enhance its force 

projection capability. The NLW capability set is additional equipment that must be 

incorporated into lift and load planning. 

3. Organization 

Organization/organizational structure is not anticipated to change as a result of NLW 

capability sets being added to the inventory. 

a. System Location/Distribution. The United States Army (USA), United States 

Marine Corps (USMC), and United States Navy (USN) have procured and fielded capability 

sets to the operating forces, security forces, bases, and stations. All services have current 

plans to field additional capability sets as required. At the time of this printing, the United 

States Air Force (USAF) has identified its capability sets to field in the near future. The 

United States Coast Guard (USCG) also intends to field NLW. 

b. NLW Capability Set Composition. Appendix E describes the current and proposed 

capability sets. 

c. Personnel Requirements. To date, no change or increase in military specialty codes 

have been determined in order to field, operate, and maintain the NLW capability set. 

Each service determines its own training personnel requirements. 

d. Mission Requirements/Tactical Structure. 

(1) The mission requirements and tactical structure pertinent to the employment 

of the NLW will vary depending on the type of contingency and subsequent task 

organization of the employing unit. Mission requirements, derived from commander's 

guidance, should be satisfied through the appropriate combination of lethal and nonlethal 

capabilities. 

(2) NLW provide commanders with a means of shaping their area of operations 

(AO) short of employing deadly force. However, it is imperative that U.S. forces retain the 

means and ability to employ lethal force in the event that nonlethal force fails to achieve 

desired outcomes. For example, NLW employment may provoke a lethal response from the 

adversary. Without the imminent threat of lethal force, nonlethal munitions will prove to 

be less effective and possibly even counterproductive. More importantly, denying U.S. 

forces a lethal capability would place them at unacceptable risk. If nonlethal force is 

employed without the threat of lethal force, the belligerent may opt to exploit a perceived 

vulnerability. In this case, the use of NLW becomes counterproductive, because it serves 

only to aggravate the threat and causes the situation to deteriorate. 
III-1

Chapter III 

NLW CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS 

1. Applicability Across the Range of Military Operations 

a. U.S. forces conduct military operations across a large spectrum. This spectrum 

spans from humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping to strategic nuclear exchange. Since 

the end of the Cold War, the U.S. military has been increasingly involved with operations at 

the lower end of the spectrum. These operations focus on deterring war, resolving conflict, 

supporting civil authorities and promoting peace. NLW may be useful across many 

categories of these operations. The range of military operations includes various levels of 

combat “intensity,” and NLW provide one more force option to deal with the varying 

intensity. MOOTW may be found across the range of military operations and often include 

situations where noncombatants are mingled with the adversaries or involved in acts of 

violence, such as rioting or looting. In such circumstances, NLW provide commanders the 

flexibility to influence the situation favorably with reduced risk of noncombatant fatalities 

and collateral damage. NLW also provide a means by which to ascertain the intent of 

individuals/belligerents. Some characteristics of operations that present the opportunity to 

use NLW are— 

(1) Close contact between friendly forces and noncombatant civilians. 

(2) The presence of paramilitary or irregular forces. 

(3) Armed civilian gangs, unlawful combatants, or militia. 

b. These characteristics present a real but ill-defined threat. Under such 

circumstances, the commander’s judgment or ROE may restrict using deadly force for other 

than self-defense. NLW may provide U.S. forces flexibility to resolve situations where the 

use of deadly force is restricted. These weapons provide flexibility by— 

(1) Allowing U.S. forces to apply measured military force. 

(2) Reducing risk of serious noncombatant causalities. 

(3) Accomplishing the mission. 

(4) Providing force protection. 

(5) Retaining the initiative. 

(6) Allowing U.S. forces to remain relevant and capable in increasingly complex 

and chaotic environments. 

c. The need to reduce the risks of serious injury to personnel is not limited to crowd 

control scenarios. In MOUT, some of the local civilian populace may remain in an urban 

area in the midst of battle. The traditional solution to such challenges has been restricting 

ROE. Nonlethal capabilities may provide commanders the flexibility to adapt a fluid 

approach to MOUT, which allows their subordinates the freedom of action to employ 

appropriate levels of measured military force to accomplish their mission. 

d. Another example of NLW applications in MOOTW is in peace enforcement. In these 

operations, NLW are used in an area denial role to separate belligerents without resorting 

to deadly force. They are also used to support humanitarian relief organizations in 

protecting food and medical distribution sites. The presence of NLW will not limit a 

commander’s inherent authority and obligation to use all necessary means available and to 

take appropriate action in self-defense. 
III-2

2. Core Capabilities 

Core capabilities are those fundamental competencies that enable U.S. forces to achieve 

desired operational objectives. NLW provide a flexible means to protect friendly forces, 

high-value assets, and influence the actions of potential adversaries and/or noncombatants. 

These goals can be achieved without resorting to lethal force and in a manner that may 

minimize collateral damage. The core capabilities associated with nonlethal effects fall into 

three major categories as stated within the Joint Mission Area Analysis (JMAA) for 

Nonlethal Weapons (approved December 2000 by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council): counterpersonnel, countermateriel, and countercapability. 

a. Counterpersonnel Capabilities. The DOD Joint Concept for Nonlethal Weapons 

concept paper, 5 January 1998, describes required nonlethal counterpersonnel capabilities 

for U.S. forces as follows: 

(1) “The application of military force to accomplish a mission with reduced risk of 

fatalities or serious casualties among noncombatants—or even, in some instances, among 

enemy forces.” There are several specific nonlethal counterpersonnel capabilities to be 

considered. These include, but are not limited to, the means to influence the behavior and 

activities of a potentially hostile crowd and the capability to bring a mob engaged in a riot 

under control. While there are many similarities in these two capabilities, each involves 

unique challenges, which may require radically different solutions. 

(2) “Capability to incapacitate personnel.” For the purposes of this document, 

“incapacitation” is achieved when the weapon’s effects render personnel unable to 

physically or mentally (real or perceived) act in a hostile or threatening manner. In 

keeping with the guiding principles for NLW, this incapacitation should be reversible 

through the passage of time. The focus will be on capabilities that affect both individuals 

and groups of people. 

(3) “Capability to deny personnel access to an area (land, sea, or air).” NLW can 

provide new possibilities for barrier planning in any type of military operation, including 

systems that produce physical or mental discomfort to those who enter the denied area. 

(4) “Capability to clear facilities and structures of personnel.” The Joint Concept 

for NLW states this capability “will facilitate MOUT by reducing the risks of noncombatant 

casualties and collateral damage while simultaneously minimizing the advantages accruing 

to an enemy defending a built up area.” This capability is applicable to all clearing 

missions that may be conducted (e.g., Maritime Interception Operations [MIO]) and could 

assist in providing enhanced force protection. 

(5) “Capability to seize personnel, which could include some combination of 

technologies inherent in other core capabilities, for example, incapacitation and entangling 

devices (which may aid in seizing personnel).” This capability is intended to augment lethal 

means used to capture specified individuals, such as enemy combatants or persons who are 

inciting a mob or crowd to violence. 

b. Countermateriel Capabilities. The Joint Concept for Nonlethal Weapons describes 

countermateriel capabilities as follows: 

(1) Rendering equipment and facilities unusable without complete destruction by 

attacking only weapons of war and supporting infrastructure while minimizing risk to 

noncombatants. This could enhance operations by defusing potentially volatile situations 

where conventional military means might otherwise prove counterproductive. 

(2) Disabling or denying the use of vehicles, vessels, and aircraft entry into 

targeted areas or access within an AO. This capability may include physical barriers that 

impede or stop movement. Alternative systems may alter combustion properties of fuels 
III-3

and viscosity of lubricants, embrittle or decay materials, attack tires, gaskets, or hoses, or 

act as adhesives to fuse metal parts. The requirement also includes the capability to 

facilitate boarding and clearing operations. 

c. Counter Capability Capabilities. For U.S. forces counter capability capabilities are 

described within the JMAA for NLW as follows: 

(1) “Disable or neutralize facilities and systems.” This includes a nonlethal 

capability for disabling/neutralizing electrical generating facilities, command, control, 

communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) 

systems, Integrated Air Defense Systems (IADS), weapons systems, optical sensors, 

electrical sensors, and navigation capabilities with such controlled effects as to allow for 

selective, precise engagement. Other needs include deceiving reconnaissance with illusions 

of barriers, obstacles, and/or forces, and concealing/covering friendly activities or 

movements, particularly within complex urban terrain. 

(2) “Deny the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).” Mission needs include 

rendering a WMD inoperative; containing the potential release of deadly 

agents/contaminants; and preventing or neutralizing the production, storage, deployment 

(transport), employment, and delivery of WMD. Nonlethal capabilities in combating WMD 

should be designed to permit engagement within a populated or sensitive terrain, prior to 

the initiation of armed conflict. 

3. Limitations 

The limitations of NLW are effectiveness, perception, and legality. 

a. The effectiveness of NLW is dependent on factors such as motivation, age, 

environmental and human factors, range of engagement, and numerous others. NLW can 

be lethal if improperly applied. Furthermore, countermeasures for thwarting virtually all 

nonlethal options are usually apparent, quickly learned, and readily available. Because 

they are not intended to kill, nonlethal options teach adversaries what to avoid in the 

future. Small unit commanders must prepare to keep one step ahead of belligerents. 

b. The perceptual limitation is that personnel may misunderstand the appropriate 

applications of NLW across the range of military operations. The incorrect perception that 

NLW will allow wars and MOOTW to be prosecuted without casualties may lead to 

conflicting expectations between political and military leaders. These conflicts can result in 

U.S. forces being vulnerable to misplaced or inconsistent ROE. All leaders, political and 

military, involved in planning and executing military missions must understand there are 

no “nonlethal operations.” 

c. Some proposed NLW might be forbidden by law or policy. Accordingly, it is essential 

that all NLW developments be evaluated by appropriate authorities to ensure they comply 

with the law of war, U.S. law, and U.S. treaty obligations. Use of NLW containing chemical 

agents, for instance, must be evaluated in the context of the Chemical Weapons 

Convention. Also, using RCA in an armed conflict requires Presidential approval. 

IV-1

Chapter IV 

TRAINING 

1. Fundamental Concepts and Training Requirements 

The successful accomplishment of any operation in which nonlethal measures are employed requires extensive preparation, of which individual, unit, medical support, and unit 

training are vital parts. Training should be designed to give individuals an understanding 

of the entire subject area and enable them to function efficiently as members of a unit. This 

training must be intensive and realistic. Training with the NLW capability set, and other 

NLW, is critical to employ these weapons with confidence. The training flow should be—

train leaders, train instructors, train unit, exercise. Qualified instructors should conduct 

initial unit training. Unit sustainment training should be conducted per individual service 

and unit requirements. 

2. Training of Instructors 

a. Verbal communication skills, open-hand control techniques, RCA, effects of impact 

weapons, and civil disturbance tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) are areas trained 

to standard at the Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course (INIWIC) 

held at the Marine Corps Detachment, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. INIWIC is an 

Interservice Training Review Organization (ITRO) course, and quotas are available to any 

service through normal training reservation channels. A course outline is provided in 

Appendix C. This is the only formal DOD NLW instructor-training course. The training 

requirements outlined in the INIWIC represent the minimum training standards to include 

in developing NLW and tactics instructors. Additionally, the United States Army Military 

Police School (USAMPS) has developed a training support package that includes Armyspecific TTP for small units (company level and below) in using NLW capabilities. The 

reference for this is the U.S. Army’s website at: www.wood.army.mil. 

b. The INIWIC is a “train-the-trainer” program to provide commanders NLW 

instructors within their command. Furthermore, the military services are not precluded 

from developing their own training based upon the INIWIC curriculum. The commander 

can then tailor the NLW instruction to fit mission needs. Establishing the service-level 

INIWIC serves as an assurance measure, giving the commander a quantifiable means of 

certifying his nonlethal instructors. 

3. Nonlethal Training Topics for Deploying Units 

Each service and unit will have unique training requirements based on mission type, 

unit size, deployment area, etc. As a minimum, the training instructor should cover the following topics in any training for units deploying with nonlethal capabilities. They are part 

of the INIWIC curriculum. 

NOTE: U.S. Army training standards are contained in Army Regulation (AR) 350-

38, Training Devices Policies and Management, 15 October 1993; USMC 

training standards for NLW are contained in MCO 1510.112, Individual 

Training Standards for Nonlethal Weapons, 27 May 1998. 

a. Force Continuum. This is an introduction to the federal force continuum model as 

outlined by MCO 5500.6F, Arming of Law Enforcement and Security Personnel and the Use 
IV-2

of Deadly Force; AR 190-14; AFI 31-207, Arming and Use of Force by Air Force Personnel (1 

September 1999) (or other service orders). Identifying the proper levels of force, 

understanding levels of resistance, and how nonlethal technologies affect the force 

continuum are the minimum topics the instructor should cover. 

b. Crowd Dynamics/Crowd Control. This is an introduction to the differences between 

crowds, mobs, and riots. This course teaches the student basic crowd control techniques 

that will be easily applied to various situations. The student should be familiarized with 

tactics and techniques found in field manual (FM) 19-15, MCWP 3-11.1, Rifle Company, TC 

90-1, and Air Force manual (AFMAN) 31-201V6, Civil Disturbance (1 April 2002), but will 

also consider nontraditional and small unit application. 

c. Communication Skills. This is an introduction to the stages of conflict management, 

verbal aggression, nonverbal communication, physical aggression, physiological diversions, 

and proper mental conditioning. The first NLW skill an individual must have is the ability 

to communicate. General A. M. Gray, former Commandant of the Marine Corps, once said, 

“A warrior’s most formidable weapon is his mind.” The results of an individual’s mental 

processes are evident through actions and words, and the words and communication skills 

used in dealing with people are truly the first line of nonlethal options. 

d. Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol and other RCA Training. This is an introduction 

to the uses of OC/pepper spray and other RCA. The student should have an appreciation 

for decontamination requirements, storage, and shelf life of OC/RCA. The instructor will 

also teach legal and tactical considerations. INIWIC certified instructors should teach 

existing training programs that include live agent training. 

e. Open-Hand Control. This is an introduction to pressure point control techniques, 

unarmed self-defense measures, weapon retention techniques, and other 

submission/restraint/search techniques. The instructor should cover handcuffing/flexcuffing for contact team members. 

NOTE: USMC plans to replace the current open-hand defensive tactics training 

with the USMC Martial Arts Program. 

f. Impact Weapons. This is an introduction to using the rigid straight baton, 

collapsible straight batons, side handle batons, and/or riot control batons. 

g. ROE/Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC). This is an introduction to the ROE/LOAC and 

their relationship. (Refer to DODD 5100.77, AR 27-1, and NWP 1-14M). 

h. Nonlethal Munitions—Employment and Tactics. This subcourse is an introduction 

to the capabilities and employment of available NLW. NLW provide additional unit force 

protection capabilities. Introduction to tactics is outlined in Chapter 5. Appendix D is a 

sample unit training schedule covering the topics listed above. U.S. Army Training and 

Doctrine Command (TRADOC) has developed training support packages that will include 

company level and below TTP. 

4. Leader Training 

a. An understanding of the topics covered in the INIWIC curriculum is essential. 

However, commanders/leaders should also possess an in-depth understanding of the ROE, 

their implementation, as well as the politics, culture, and demographics of the area to 

which they are deploying. 

b. Commanders should involve their medical personnel, public affairs (PA) 

representatives, civil affairs (CA), psychological operations (PSYOP), staff judge advocate 
IV-3

(SJA), engineers, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), and military police (MP) in training 

exercises when possible. Involvement by these special staff sections will greatly enhance 

the quality and realism of the training. Medical personnel will better understand OC 

decontamination and the possible injuries they may encounter as a result of NLW 

employment. Because of the international attention that NLW receive, all personnel will 

benefit from media training by PA personnel. CA and PSYOP personnel can provide areaspecific cultural, ethnic, and political briefs to enhance awareness of the challenges within 

the AO. SJA personnel can clarify complex ROE questions and assist in training on ROErelated issues. Additionally, supply and logistic staff members also require training in 

NLW maintenance and environmental issues unique to the equipment and munitions. 

5. Unit Training 

The INIWIC is primarily designed to produce instructors who will train individuals in 

using and employing NLW. Collective unit tactical training is the unit’s responsibility; 

however, a NLW sample schedule based on INIWIC training is provided in Appendix D. 

Units should conduct collective training before deploying with NLW. Unit standard operating procedures (SOP) and tactics may require adjustment to enable the employment of 

NLW and new equipment for the success of specific missions. All collective training should 

include nonlethal options and decision making. Whenever NLW are employed during training, the instructor must also conduct lethal capability training. Troops must understand 

the integration of nonlethal and lethal capabilities and always be prepared to protect themselves, as required, with lethal force. It is impossible to accurately predict the response of 

an individual or crowd. 

6. Training Disclaimer 

Initial unit training should not be conducted without qualified instructors. Non-type 

classified and COTS nonlethal munitions cannot be fired without Army Materiel Command 

(AMC), Army Training Support Center (ATSC), Crane Naval Weapons Center, or Air Force 

Munitions Center type classifying the ammunition. The instructor should conduct unit sustainment training in accordance with (IAW) service guidelines. 

7. Additional Training 

a. Additional training is left to the discretion of the unit but should be encouraged in 

order to add credibility to the training package. Some recommended training certifications 

for instructors include, but are not limited to— 

(1) Management of Aggressive Behavior (MOAB) 

R.E.B. Training International, Inc. 

PO Box 845, Stoddard, NH 03464 

(2) Oleoresin Capsicum Aerosol Training (OCAT) 

R.E.B. Training International, Inc. 

PO Box 845, Stoddard, NH 03464 

(3) Monadnock Defensive Tactics System (MDTS) 

Training calendar available at the Monadnock website: 

http://www.batons.com/traincal.html 

b. These courses add viable credentials to the instructors as perceived by civilian and 

military alike. In addition, the instructor can issue certification cards for the area which an 

individual has been certified. Certifications in various areas offers additional protection in 
IV-4

the event of a lawsuit or claim against the government by ensuring the individuals that 

have been trained within your unit are completely capable. 

8. Summary 

NLW and tactics training are not meant to be stand-alone training—units must anticipate the requirement for NLW in their missions and train accordingly. NLW provide commanders with a graduated response in the force continuum. 
V-1

Chapter V 

EMPLOYMENT 

1. Background 

a. A military unit deployed to an area will normally conduct operations IAW current 

doctrine. The environment may contain both noncombatants and combatants. Nonlethal 

capabilities provide the military force with tools to engage adversaries and minimize 

collateral damage. Fundamental to employing NLW is a thorough understanding of the 

force continuum. As stated before, nonlethal capabilities provide a wider range of options 

that augment traditional means of deadly force but do not replace them. Nonlethal 

capabilities allow a commander the flexibility to increase and decrease the amount of force 

applied to accomplish a mission. The force continuum is generally continuous and 

seamless, yet a careful examination reveals five broad categories: 

(1) Threats. The force continuum begins with threats. These can be either implied 

or expressed. An implied threat may be manifested through presence by forming into riotcontrol formations, fixing bayonets, or donning protective masks. An expressed threat 

occurs when a commander makes known the consequences of defiance. 

(2) Denial options. The equipment used in denial options are usually placed in 

highly visible areas and often marked with placards. Examples include concertina, 

caltrops, barbed wire, or other obstacles. 

(3) Munitions that cause physical discomfort/incapacitate. Munitions that cause 

physical discomfort, but fall short of inflicting trauma, include flash bangs, RCA—tear gas 

(O-Chlorobenzyl-Malononitrile [CS]), and OC. Although the discomfort or injury may be 

substantially less than impact munitions, employing these munitions requires an 

appropriate use of force assessment. Factors such as training, discipline, prejudices, 

emotions, and judgment all play a part in their application. 

(4) Munitions that inflict blunt trauma. Munitions that inflict blunt trauma will 

inflict painful or debilitating injuries. These munitions constitute the upper end of 

nonlethal options within the force continuum. Examples include foam batons, stingball 

grenades, beanbags, sponge projectiles, and rubber ball rounds. 

(5) Lethal munitions. Lethal weapons are at the highest level of force continuum. 

Lethal options should always be regarded as part of the force continuum and not as a 

separate option altogether. ROE, along with judgment and experience, helps on-scene 

commanders decide when using lethal force is authorized and appropriate. 

b. Nonlethal capabilities include using existing systems that were not designed 

specifically as NLW. Nonlethal capabilities can minimize fatalities, permanent injury to 

personnel, and undesired damage to property, facilities, and the environment. Examples 

include PSYOP, CA, military working dogs, and PA. However, this chapter limits 

discussion primarily to using weapons and components explicitly designed as part of a NLW 

capability set. This focus is not intended to limit the commander’s option to use whatever 

means are available to accomplish the mission without unnecessary lethality. 

2. Mission Planning Factors 

Incorporating NLW into a plan does not change the fundamental principles of mission 

planning. Commanders should use NLW as an operational enhancement. The first concern 

of a commander is successfully completing the mission. ROE are a critical consideration in 

the commander’s planning and guide him in determining the appropriate use of nonlethal 
V-2

and lethal force. The availability of NLW does not relieve a force from its obligation to defend itself. Therefore, it must be equipped and trained with both lethal and nonlethal 

means. 

3. NLW Tasks 

a. NLW tasks were derived from the combatant commanders and service mission needs 

statements and are codified in the JMAA for Nonlethal Weapons. These tasks are grouped 

under three core capabilities: counterpersonnel, countermateriel, and countercapability. 

(1) Counterpersonnel: 

(a) Control crowds. 

(b) Incapacitate personnel. 

(c) Deny an area to personnel. 

(d) Clear facilities/structures of personnel. 

(2) Countermateriel: 

(a) Deny an area to vehicles, vessels, and aircraft. 

(b) Disable/neutralize vehicles, vessels, aircraft, and equipment. 

(3) Countercapability: 

(a) Disable or neutralize facilities and systems. 

(b) Deny use of WMD. 

b. Although not all encompassing, the following list of employment considerations is 

designed to assist commanders and staffs in formulating plans for use of NLW: 

(1) General considerations: 

(a) Understand and define ROE. 

(b) Commander develops identification of friend or foe (IFF) procedures. 

(c) Distribute NLW munitions to troops in advance. 

(d) NLW options require lethal overwatch fire. 

(e) Ensure area is well lighted to include perimeter. 

(f) Employ night vision devices outside the perimeter to identify personnel. 

(g) Utilize appropriate media to inform civilians to stay away from denied 

areas. 

(h) Enforce positive access control into perimeter (personnel/vehicles). 

(i) Ensure posted signs are easily understood (symbols/pictures). If 

interpreter support available, post warning signs in native language. 

(j) Use entanglements such as caltrops, tanglefoot, barbed wire, and 

concertina/razor tape as these disrupt/slow intrusion attempts. 

(k) Employ sensors, if available. 

(l) Employ aerial or naval pickets. 
V-3

(2) Counterpersonnel considerations: 

(a) Employing kinetic rounds at less than 15 feet/5 meters may result in 

fatal outcomes. 

(b) Target area at 15 to 40 feet should be center mass for blunt munitions. 

(c) Head shots may be lethal. 

(d) Kinetic rounds will not be skip fired. 

(e) Kinetic rounds are effective against selected individual targets and can 

be used to disperse individuals. 

(f) Considering differing rates of fires; the M203 and shotgun are 

complementary in a nonlethal role, depending upon the munitions used and their effective 

ranges. 

(g) Employ riot batons only after proper training. 

(h) Use RCA to disrupt/disperse crowds. 

(i) Use RCA markers (RCA with a nontoxic, water-soluble marking dye) to 

mark agitators for future identification and apprehension. 

(j) RCA greatly reduce visibility of control force. 

(k) Closely control the employment of RCA. 

(l) Disperse RCA to face and eyes for full effect. 

(m) Employ optics with designated marksmen to identify mob leaders. 

(n) Searchlights dazzle/disorient individuals (night only). 

(o) Use bullhorn for communicating with crowd and to control formations. 

(p) Employ recovery/apprehension/snatch teams to apprehend agitators. 

(q) Use flex cuffs for agitators. 

(r) Prepare disposition plan for cleared personnel. 

(s) Isolate area to prevent reinforcements. 

(t) Consider future friendly use of cleared facility. 

(u) Prepare security plan for cleared facility. 

(v) Channel passive traffic away from formations. 

(w) Maintain rapid reaction force/quick reaction force (RRF/QRF). 

(3) Countermateriel/countercapability considerations: 

(a) Use marking agents to mark a vessel for later interception. 

(b) Consider materiel handling equipment required to evacuate 

vessel/airframe. 

c. Selected NLW tasks are further addressed in Tables V-1 through V-7. The tables 

are not intended to be all-inclusive but merely a stimulus to planning. The equipment 

listed is taken from the currently available systems designed for nonlethal purposes. The 

user should not limit his nonlethal options to this specific equipment and should be aware 

that there are many existing and emerging systems and potential uses of current 

technology and common objects to achieve the desired mission end state. 
V-4

Table V-1. Crowd Control 

Tasks 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment 

Employment 

Considerations Notes 

Crowd 

control 

Administration/

Personnel

• SJA / claims 

planning 

• Chaplain affairs 

• Casualty 

notification 

• Detainee 

disposition plan 

• PAO/media 

planning 

• Information 

dissemination 

Support Equipment

• Riot face shield 

• Full length riot 

shield 

• Expandable riot 

baton 

• Optics 

• Portable bullhorn 

• Vest 

• Distribute to troops 

in advance 

• Employ riot baton 

only after proper 

training 

• Employ optics with 

designated 

marksman (DM) to 

identify (ID) mob 

leaders 

• Use bullhorn for 

communicating 

with crowd and to 

control formations 

• Strictly define 

ROE 

• NLW options 

require lethal 

cover fire 

Crowd 

control 

Intelligence

• Intelligence 

preparation of the 

battlespace (IPB) 

• Background on 

country and 

culture 

• Route/map recon 

• Sensor 

emplacement for 

advance 

notification 

• Information on 

Mob leaders 

• Patrols and 

listening post 

(LP)/observation 

post (OP) 

• Determine reason 

for the crowd 

Kinetic Rounds

• 12-gauge (ga) 

bean bag round 

• 12-gauge rubber 

bullet 

• 12-gauge 

launching 

cartridge 

• 40-mm rubber 

baton 

• 40-mm wooden 

baton 

NOTE: USMC no 

longer uses wooden 

baton. 

• 40-mm stinger 

grenade 

• Stun grenade 

• Flash bang 

• Do not employ 

kinetic rounds at 

less than 15 feet 

due to possible 

fatal outcome 

• Target area at 15 

to 40 feet should 

be center mass 

• Head shots are 

not acceptable 

• Kinetic rounds will 

not be skip fired 

• Kinetic rounds 

effective against 

selected targets 

and to disperse 

individuals 

• M203 and shotgun 

are nonlethal 

complementary; 

M203 has low rate 

of fire; area target. 

Shotgun has high 

rate of fire; point 

target 
V-5

Table V-1. Crowd Control 

Tasks 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment 

Employment 

Considerations Notes 

Crowd 

control 

Operations

• Tactical 

Integration of NLW 

and lethal fires 

• Fire Support 

Element (FSE) 

plans to include 

RCA 

• Allocation of NLW 

munitions 

• Integration of NLW 

fires and 

maneuver 

• Engineer barrier 

planning 

• Understand 

mission (deny 

access/disperse/ 

monitor) 

RCA

• OC Dispenser 

• Team OC 

dispenser 

• High volume 

dispenser 

• Disrupt/disperse 

crowds 

• Disperse RCA to 

face and eyes for 

full effect 

• Employ snatch 

teams to 

apprehend 

agitators 

Crowd 

control 

Logistics

• Distribution of 

NLW supplies 

• Security of rear 

area facilities 

• Resupply of NLW 

munitions 

• Procurement of 

medical supplies 

• Hospital planning 

• Medic planning for 

tactical units 

Riot Control

• Xenon Searchlight 

• Flex cuffs 

• RCA markers 

• Searchlights 

dazzle/disorient 

individuals (night 

only) 

• Flex cuffs used for 

agitators 

• RCA markers are 

used to mark 

agitators for future 

ID 
V-6

Table V-2. Incapacitate Personnel 

Task 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment Employment Notes 

Incapacitate 

personnel 

Administration/Perso

nnel

• SJA/claims 

planning 

• Media plan 

Support Equipment

• Riot face shield 

• Full length riot 

shield 

• Expandable riot 

baton 

• Rifleman’s 

combat optic 

• Vest 

• Distribute to 

troops in advance 

• Do not employ riot 

baton to the head 

• Employ optic with 

DM to ID mob 

leaders and cover 

with lethal fire 

• Commander 

needs to define 

incapacitation 

mission 

• Take a balanced 

approach to public 

dissemination of 

NLW so counter 

measures cannot 

be rapidly 

developed 

• Cover NLW 

options by lethal 

force 

Incapacitate 

personnel 

Intelligence

• ID types of 

insurgents and 

demonstrators 

• ID causes and 

factions 

• ID mob 

ringleaders 

Kinetic Rounds

• 12-gauge bean 

bag round 

• 12-gauge rubber 

bullet 

• 12-gauge 

launching 

cartridge 

• 40-mm rubber 

baton 

• 40-mm wooden 

baton 

NOTE: USMC no 

longer uses wooden 

baton. 

• 40-mm stinger 

grenade 

• Stun grenade 

• Flash bang 

• M203 and 

shotguns are 

nonlethal 

complementary. 

M203 has a low 

rate of fire, area 

target. Shotgun 

has a high rate of 

fire, point target 

• Do not employ 

kinetic rounds at 

less than 15 feet 

due to possible 

fatal outcome 

• Target area at 15-

40 feet should be 

center mass 

• Head shots are 

not acceptable 

• Kinetic rounds will 

not be skip fired 

• Kinetic rounds 

effective against 

selected targets 

and to disperse 

individuals 

• M203 and 

shotguns are 

nonlethal 

complementary. 

M203 has a low 

rate of fire, area 

target. Shotgun 

has a high rate of 

fire, point target 
V-7

Table V-2. Incapacitate Personnel 

Task 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment Employment Notes 

Incapacitate 

personnel 

Operations

• Prepare and 

confirm ROE for 

NLW 

• Integration of 

NLW and deadly 

force 

• Allocate NLW and 

designate unit use 

• Integrate NLW 

fires and 

maneuver 

RCA

• OC dispenser 

• Team OC 

dispenser 

• High-volume 

• OC dispenser 

• Disrupt/disperse 

crowds 

• Disperse RCA to 

face and eyes for 

full effect 

Incapacitate 

personnel 

Logistics

• Distribute NLW 

munitions 

• ID special storage 

requirements 

• Resupply NLW 

munitions 

Riot Control

• Xenon 

• searchlight 

• Flex cuffs 

• Chemical markers 

• Searchlights 

dazzle/disorient 

individuals (night 

only) 

• Use flex cuffs for 

agitators 

• Use RCA markers 

to mark agitators 

for incapacitation 

Incapacitate 

personnel 

Civil Affairs

• Collect civilian 

intelligence 

• Care for injured 

personnel 

• Detain civilian 

personnel 

 

Table V-3. Deny Area to Personnel 

Task 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment Employment Notes 

Deny area to 

personnel 

Administration/

Personnel

• SJA/claims 

planning 

• Media plan 

Support Equipment

• Area lights 

• Area sensors 

• Night vision 

• Access control 

• Warning signs 

written in host 

nation language 

• Ensure area is 

well lighted to 

include perimeter 

• Employ night 

vision devices 

outside the 

perimeter 

• Positively ID 

accessed 

personnel 

• Employ warning 

signs in native 

language 

• Utilize appropriate 

media to warn 

civilians away 

from denied area 
V-8

Table V-3. Deny Area to Personnel 

Task 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment Employment Notes 

Deny area to 

personnel 

Intelligence

• Terrain and map 

study 

• Threat ID 

• Sensor 

emplacement 

around area 

• IPB 

 

Deny area to 

personnel 

Operations

• Prepare and 

confirm ROE 

• Integrate NLW 

and deadly force 

• Allocate NLW and 

designate unit use 

• Determine scope 

of mission 

• Determine access 

procedures 

• Use of area 

(friendly or total 

denial) 

 

Deny area to 

personnel 

Logistics

• Distribute NLW 

munitions 

• ID special storage 

requirements 

• Resupply NLW 

munitions 

• Security of rear 

area facilities. 

 

Deny area to 

personnel 

Civil Affairs

• Collect civilian 

intelligence 

Entanglements

• Caltrops 

• Tanglefoot 

• Barbed wire 

• Foams 

• Concertina/ razor 

tape 

• Stinger spike 

system 

• Disrupt/slow 

intrusion attempts 

• Maintain suitable 

reaction force 

• Channel passive 

traffic away 

• Use foam to cover 

caltrops 
V-9

Table V-4. Deny Area to Vehicles 

Task 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment Employment Notes 

Deny area to 

vehicles 

Administration/ 

Personnel

• SJA/claims 

planning 

• Media plan 

Support Equipment

• Area lights 

• Area sensors 

• Night vision 

• Access control 

• Warning signs 

written in host 

nation language 

• Ensure area is 

well lighted to 

include perimeter 

• Employ night 

vision devices 

outside the 

perimeter 

• Positively ID 

accessed vehicles 

• Commander 

needs to define 

denial mission 

• Utilize appropriate 

media to warn 

civilians away 

from denied area 

Deny area to 

vehicles 

Intelligence

• Terrain and map 

study 

• Threat ID 

• Sensor 

emplacement 

around area 

• IPB 

• Traffic analysis 

 

Deny area to 

vehicles 

Operations

• Prepare and 

confirm ROE 

• Allocate NLW and 

designate unit use 

• Determine scope 

of mission 

• Determine access 

procedures 

• Determine MP/ 

security forces 

requirements 

• Use of area 

(friendly or total 

denial) 

• Commanders 

must consider 

flying operations 

when employing 

RCA. Area(s) 

should be 

reusable in short 

order. 

Deny area to 

vehicles 

Logistics

• Distribute NLW 

supplies 

• Be prepared to 

evacuate stalled 

vehicles 

 

Deny area to 

vehicles 

Civil Affairs

• Collection of 

civilian 

intelligence 

Entanglements

• Caltrops 

• Tanglefoot 

• Barriers 

• Organic 

equipment 

• Barbed wire 

• Foams 

• Disrupt/slow 

intrusion attempts 

• Maintain suitable 

reaction force 

• Channel passive 

traffic away 

• Use foam to cover 

caltrops 

• Commanders 

must consider 

flying operations 

when employing 

NLW. NLW 

should not hinder 

flying operations. 
V-10

Table V-5. Deny/Neutralize Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels, and Facilities 

Task NLW Planning 

Factors 

Equipment Employment Notes 

Deny/ 

neutralize 

vehicles, 

aircraft, 

vessels, 

facilities 

Administration/Perso

nnel

• SJA/claims 

planning 

• Media plan 

Support Equipment

• Sensors to track 

approaching 

vehicles, aircraft, 

and vessels 

• Night vision 

equipment 

• Materiel handling 

equipment 

• Portable bullhorn 

• Employ ground 

and water 

sensors, if 

required 

• Employ aerial or 

naval pickets 

• Use materiel 

handling 

equipment to 

evacuate vessel 

• Commander 

needs to define 

neutralization 

mission 

• Element of 

surprise remains 

a critical factor in 

mission 

accomplishment 

• Commander 

needs to develop 

IFF procedures 

Deny/ 

neutralize 

vehicles, 

aircraft, 

vessels, 

facilities 

Intelligence

• Sensor 

emplacement if 

required 

• Threat ID 

• IPB 

• Analyze target 

area 

 

Deny/neutrali

ze vehicles, 

aircraft, 

vessels, 

facilities 

Operations

• Prepare and 

confirm ROE 

• Integrate NLW 

and deadly force 

• Allocate NLW and 

designate unit use 

• Determine scope 

of mission 

• Determine access 

procedures 

• Determine 

boarding 

procedures 

(vessels and 

aircraft) 

• Determine 

apprehension 

procedures 

• Determine 

decontamination 

(DECON) 

procedures 

RCA 

• Marking agent 

• Use marking 

agents to mark a 

vessel for later 

interception 
V-11

Table V-5. Deny/Neutralize Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels, and Facilities 

Task NLW Planning 

Factors 

Equipment Employment Notes 

Deny / 

neutralize 

vehicles, 

aircraft, 

vessels, 

facilities 

Logistics

• Distribute NLW 

munitions 

• ID special storage 

requirements 

• Resupply NLW 

munitions 

• Determine 

vessel/aircraft 

disposition 

Riot Control

• Xenon searchlight 

• Use RCA to 

incapacitate crew 

members 

• Searchlights can 

disorient 

personnel or 

illuminate target 

• Commanders 

must consider 

flying operations 

when employing 

RCA 

• Area(s) should be 

reusable in short 

order. 

Deny / 

neutralize 

vehicles, 

aircraft, 

vessels, 

facilities 

Civil Affairs

• Collect civilian 

intelligence 

• Handle displaced 

civilian personnel 

Entanglements

• Caltrops 

• Foams 

• Speed bumps 

• Nets 

• PVAB 

• Use caltrops to 

disable vehicle 

• Use combination 

of foam and 

caltrops to 

preserve the 

element of 

surprise 

• Channel passive 

traffic away 

• Use nets to foul 

props 

Deny/neutrali

ze vehicles, 

aircraft, 

vessels, 

facilities 

Medical

• Treating injured 

civilian personnel 

 
V-12

Table V-6. Seize Personnel 

Task 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment Employment Notes 

Seize 

personnel 

Administration/

Personnel

• SJA/claims 

planning 

• PAO media plan 

Support Equipment

• Optics 

• Employ optics with 

DM to ID 

personnel to be 

seized 

• Cover personnel 

employing 

nonlethal force 

• Commander 

needs to define 

seizure mission 

and strictly 

enforce ROE 

• Element of 

surprise is critical 

for mission 

accomplishment 

• Speed is critical 

• Seizing personnel 

can be surgical 

with special 

operations 

personnel or 

conducted within a 

crowd to seize an 

agitator 

Seize 

personnel 

Operations

• Prepare and 

confirm ROE 

• Integrate NLW 

and deadly force 

• Allocate NLW and 

designate unit use 

• Integrate NLW 

fires and 

maneuver 

• Breaching and 

assault planning 

• Determine holding 

area/processing 

center 

RCA

• OC dispenser 

• CS 

• Use RCA to 

incapacitate 

personnel 

• Spray into eyes 

and face for full 

effect 

Seize 

personnel 

Logistics

• Distribute NLW 

munitions 

• ID special storage 

requirements 

• Resupply NLW 

munitions 

• Plan 

transportation 

Riot Control

• Xenon searchlight 

• Flex cuffs 

• RCA markers 

• Searchlights 

dazzle/disorient 

individuals 

• Use flex cuffs for 

apprehension 

• Use RCA markers 

to mark agitators 

for seizure 
V-13

Table V-6. Seize Personnel 

Task 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment Employment Notes 

Seize 

personnel 

Civil Affairs

• Collect civilian 

intelligence 

• Care for injured 

personnel 

• Detain civilian 

personnel 

 

Seize 

personnel 

Medical 

• Medical 

evacuation 

(MEDEVAC) 

planning 

 

Table V-7. Clear Facilities of Personnel 

Tasks 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment 

Employment 

Considerations Notes 

Clear 

facilities of 

personnel 

Administration/

Personnel

• SJA/claims 

planning 

• Chaplain affairs 

• Casualty 

notification 

• PAO media plan 

Support Equipment

• Riot face shield 

• Full-length riot 

shield 

• Expandable riot 

baton 

• Optics 

• Portable bullhorn 

• Distribute to 

troops in advance 

• Do not employ riot 

baton to the head 

• Employ optic with 

DM to ID occupant 

leaders and 

provide lethal 

cover fire 

• Use bullhorn used 

for communicating 

with occupants 

• Surprise is a 

critical element for 

mission 

accomplishment 

• Commander must 

strictly define ROE 

• Due to close 

quarter tactics, the 

force must be 

instantly ready to 

utilize deadly force 

if required 
V-14

Table V-7. Clear Facilities of Personnel 

Tasks 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment 

Employment 

Considerations Notes 

Clear 

facilities of 

personnel 

Intelligence

• IPB 

• Background on 

facility, access, 

power plant 

• Route/map recon 

• Background info 

on building 

occupants 

• Determine any 

outside support for 

building occupants 

Kinetic Rounds

• 12-gauge bean 

bag round 

• 12-gauge rubber 

bullet 

• 12-gauge 

launching 

cartridge 

• 40-mm rubber 

baton 

• 40-mm wooden 

baton 

NOTE: USMC no 

longer uses wooden 

baton. 

• 40-mm stinger 

Stun grenade 

• Flash bang 

• Do not employ 

kinetic rounds at 

less than 15 feet 

due to possible 

fatal outcome 

• Targeted 

personnel at 15 to 

40 feet should be 

center mass 

• Head shots are 

not acceptable 

• Kinetic rounds will 

not be skip fired 

• Kinetic rounds 

effective against 

selected targets 

and to disperse 

individuals 

• Stun grenade 

effects can be 

amplified in 

buildings 

• Visibility will be 

reduced once 

kinetic rounds are 

employed 

• M203 and 

shotguns are 

nonlethal 

complementary. 

M203 has a low 

rate of fire, area 

target. Shotgun 

has a high rate of 

fire, point target 

• Using RCA greatly 

reduces visibility 

• Use of RCA is 

restricted to 

certain 

circumstances; 

verify that proper 

authority has been 

given before use 
V-15

Table V-7. Clear Facilities of Personnel 

Tasks 

NLW 

Planning Factors Equipment 

Employment 

Considerations Notes 

Clear 

facilities of 

personnel 

Operations

• Tactically integrate 

NLW and lethal 

fires 

• FSE plans to 

include RCA 

• Allocate NLW 

munitions 

• Integrate NLW 

fires and 

maneuver 

• Determine assault 

and breaching 

plan 

• Plan for isolation 

of facility 

RCA

• OC dispenser 

• Team OC 

dispenser 

• High-volume 

dispenser 

• Disrupt/disperse 

crowds 

• Apply RCA to face 

and eyes for full 

effect 

• Isolate area to 

prevent 

reinforcements 

• Prepare 

disposition plan for 

cleared personnel 

• Consider use of 

facility 

• Prepare security 

plan for cleared 

facility 

Clear 

facilities of 

personnel 

Logistics

• Distribute NLW 

supplies 

• Resupply NLW 

munitions 

• Plan for 

transportation of 

displaced civilians 

• Plan facility 

maintenance or 

repair 

Riot Control

• Xenon searchlight 

• Flex cuffs 

• RCA markers 

• Flash bangs 

• Searchlights 

dazzle/disorient 

individuals 

• Use flex cuffs for 

agitators 

• Use RCA markers 

to mark agitators 

for future ID 

• Flash bangs to 

dazzle/disorient 

individuals 

Clear 

facilities of 

personnel 

Civil Affairs

• Collect civilian 

intelligence 

• Care for injured 

civilians 

• Coordinate plans 

for controlling 

civilians 

 

Clear 

facilities of 

personnel 

Medical

• Hospital planning 

• Medic planning for 

tactical units 

• Procurement of 

medical supplies 

 
V-16

4. Staff Planning/Responsibilities 

a. Administration. A staff composed of the G-1/S-1, PAO, SJA, and others as needed, is 

responsible for advising the commander on NLW employment and ROE. Additionally, 

administrative personnel are responsible for processing all civilian detainees and claims 

that arise from NLW employment. As a minimum, the staff must consider the following: 

(1) SJA/claims planning. 

(2) Chaplain. 

(3) Casualty notification. 

(4) Detainee disposition plan. 

(5) PAO/media planning. 

(6) Information dissemination. 

b. Intelligence. The G-2/S-2 office is responsible for conducting the IPB process and 

providing information on the adversary’s culture, political stability, and level of dedication 

to the cause, motivation, leadership, capabilities, equipment, and tactics. The G-2/S-2 

should locate native language speakers to assist the interrogator-translator team. 

(1) Background on country and culture. 

(2) Route/map reconnaissance. 

(3) Place sensors for advance notification. 

(4) Information on leaders. 

(5) LP/OP. 

(6) Determine reason for the crowd. 

(7) Identify threat. 

(8) Analyze traffic. 

c. Operations. The G-3/S-3 office is responsible for unit training, nonlethal 

certification of units, mission analysis, maneuver plans, and CA planning when required. 

(1) Tactically integrate NLW and lethal fires. 

(2) Fire support plans to include using RCA. 

(3) Allocate NLW munitions. 

(4) Plan engineer barrier. 

d. Logistics. The G-4/S-4 office is responsible for logistics considerations, ship-to-shore 

movement of weapons and ammunition, storage and maintenance of equipment, resupply, 

transportation ashore, and other support requirements inherent in using NLW. 

(1) Distribute NLW supplies. 

(2) Security of rear area facilities. 

(3) Resupply NLW munitions. 

(4) Special maintenance requirements for NLW equipment and munitions. 

e. Communications Officer. The G-6/S-6 staff is responsible for installing, operating, 

and maintaining communications from units confronting belligerents to the tactical 

operation center (TOC) or combat operations center (COC). The staff must plan for the 

effects NLW will have on communications to include proper frequencies. 
V-17

f. PAO. The PAO provides liaison with outside media and participates in the staff 

planning process. PAO is also responsible for ensuring the NLW media plan and news 

releases consider the perceptions of the native media and belligerents or adversaries. PA 

personnel must receive training on NLW technologies, employment and capabilities, acute 

and long-term effects, impact on the environment, and legal approval procedures (at a 

minimum) so they can respond to media and public inquiries. 

g. Medical. Medical personnel must be aware of the effects of NLW. Medical personnel 

should also be familiar with and able to provide decontamination of RCA as well as 

administer antidotes in cases of adverse reactions to riot control and other agents. 

(1) MEDEVAC planning. 

(2) Procuring medical supplies. 

(3) Hospital planning. 

(4) Medical planning for tactical units. 

h. Chaplain. The commander should consider chaplain support for counseling and/or 

religious services for military and civilian personnel. Additionally, chaplains should 

provide information regarding the religious and cultural background of the local populace. 

i. CA. The CA office is responsible for planning and coordinating all aspects of CA 

activities and providing assistance in gathering intelligence from civilian sources. 

(1) Handle displaced civilian personnel. 

(2) Coordinate plans for control of civilians. 

j. PSYOP. Tactical PSYOP forces serve as an ideal tool for the commander to resolve 

issues of armed resistance and local interference with military operations while 

encouraging dialogue and cooperation with noncombatants. This force provides 

dissemination of PSYOP products (loudspeaker messages, leaflets, posters, etc.) and 

conducts face-to-face communications with target audience. PSYOP forces provide the 

supported commanders with nonlethal leverage by influencing foreign populations and 

expressing information subjectively to influence attitudes and behavior, thereby obtaining 

compliance or noninterference. They provide public information to foreign populations to 

support humanitarian activities, ease suffering, and restore or maintain civil order. They 

serve as the supported commander’s voice to foreign populations to convey intent, 

countering enemy propaganda, misinformation, and opposing information to correctly 

portray friendly intent and actions. Finally, PSYOP forces deny others the ability to 

polarize public opinion and political will against the United States and its allies within an 

AO. 

5. Tactics 

The commander should include the following considerations in preparing for unit tactical operations involving NLW: 

a. Avoid reconfiguring small-unit organization, except for special configurations such 

as— 

(1) Special teams. 

(2) Attachments. 

(3) Crowd control formations. 

(4) Security organizations. 
V-18

b. Standardize postures in unit tactical SOP. Take the following steps to add a higher 

volume of specialty impact munitions and equipment within squads, platoons, or units: 

(1) Avoid arming troops involved in apprehending designated personnel with long 

weapons (i.e., shotguns, rifles) because they can be easily grabbed/pulled away by 

individuals. 

(2) Add weapons systems (shotguns) that provide a greater nonlethal capability. 

When loaded with nonlethal munitions, the longer reloading time of the M203 grenade 

launcher is protected by coverage from the high rate of fire from shotgun. 

(3) Add nonlethal munitions to existing organic weapons systems (M203 grenade 

launcher). 

(4) Avoid arming troops in the front lines of crowd control formations with long 

weapons. 

(5) Focus riot-control capabilities in specialized reaction forces. 

(6) Establish base line NLW postures. 

(7) Establish command relations for special units. 

(8) Maximize distance and barriers. 

(9) Create NLW range cards for static positions. 

(10) Provide the force with available OC/RCA consistent with ROE. 

(11) Always mutually support forces utilizing NLW with lethal means. 

(12) Consider environmental conditions (heat/cold/wind) and their effect on the 

performance of nonlethal munitions. Proper storage, periodic inspections, and rotation of 

NLW ammunition are critical to maintaining the effectiveness and viability of nonlethal 

munitions. 

c. Unit Weapons, Unit Configurations, and Ammunition Considerations. 

(1) Individual. Designate individuals as nonlethal shooters. Nonlethal shooters 

should also carry lethal munitions for use as required. Lethal rounds must be marked and 

carried in a manner to prevent confusing nonlethal rounds with lethal rounds. 

(2) Squad. Squad leaders should dictate who carries nonlethal grenades and 

maintain their weapons loaded with lethal ammunition. Ideally, the squad should not 

change its task organization to accommodate nonlethal equipment, but should designate 

nonlethal shooters. 

(3) Patrols. Commanders should not plan a nonlethal patrol, but should plan a 

combat/security patrol with a nonlethal capability when mission dictates. 

(4) Static Positions. Individuals in static positions should have their weapons 

loaded with lethal munitions (mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

available–time available and civil considerations dependent) (METT-T/METT-TC). 

Additionally, they should carry nonlethal munitions. Both shotgun and M203 work well 

from static positions and should complement each other in a nonlethal mode. 

(5) Recovery Teams. Recovery teams have the primary responsibility of retrieving 

and controlling designated personnel from the crowd; the commander should establish a 

recovery team before deploying. The force should train team members in unarmed selfdefense, open-hand control, and hand cuffing/flex cuffing. It should equip recovery teams 

with personal protection gear, 9-mm weapon, and flex cuffs. Due to the physical nature of 

recovery teams, it is important not to arm team members with long rifles. If security for 

the recovery team is an issue, the commander should attach a security element. 
V-19

(6) Crowd Control Formations. The unit should establish crowd control 

formations within a minimum response time. Because of the physical nature of crowd 

control, individuals in these formations, if possible, should not carry long rifles. These 

formations should have inherent nonlethal capability. The unit must provide lethal 

coverage for the entire formation. 

d. Individual Elements of a Formation. These elements are: base element, support 

element, and command element. The formation needs to provide versatility. Restrictions 

must never be set on numbers, equipment, or changes to the standard formations. 

(1) Base Element. Role of the base element (front line): 

(a) Base element serves as the front line or the base/foundation of the 

formation (can be divided into two or three sections or ranks). 

(b) Front line consists of the shield holders. 

(c) Angle the bottom of the shield to channel flammable liquids away from the 

body. 

(d) Distance or interval between the shields differs based upon the range to the 

crowd. The closer the crowd, the tighter the interval between the shields. 

(e) Provide frontal security. 

(f) Hold a solid line. 

(g) Provide intimidation factor. 

(h) Fire team leaders are in the line holding shields. 

(i) Secondary (tertiary) line(s) can consist of the baton holders and/or nonlethal 

gunners. 

(j) Baton holders will— 

• Strike with batons. 

• Spray OC or disperse smoke. 

• Serve as spotters for the NLW gunners. 

• Control and detain subjects pulled from the crowd. 

(k) Nonlethal gunners will— 

• Consist of team leader with M203/M16 (provides nonlethal cover with 

M203 40-mm munitions and lethal cover with M16). 

• Position themselves between shields working with baton holders. 

• Serve as immediate control for the team. 

• Maintain continuous muzzle awareness of the weapon. 

• Provide immediate support to the shields. 

(2) Support Element. Role and employment of the support element: 

(a) Provide the means to employ lethal and nonlethal capabilities. 

(b) Can consist of two ranks: M16/M203 (2nd rank) Mossberg 12-gauge 

shotguns (3rd rank). 

(c) Provide security for search and recovery team. 
V-20

(d) Consists of munitions teams and/or recovery teams. 

(e) Munitions teams provide the means to employ lethal and nonlethal 

capabilities consisting of M16/M203 and Mossberg 12-gauge shotguns. 

(f) Recovery teams provide ability to detain and search rioters downed by 

nonlethal munitions. Recovery teams will— 

• Extract vehicles or personnel from the crowd who are in immediate 

danger. 

• Detain and escort downed rioters to rear of the formation. 

• Restrain and search detained individuals. 

• Communicate with the base element. 

• Spray or employ RCA as needed. 

• Fill in the gaps in the front line as needed. 

• Insert into a confined or congested area too large for the formation. 

• Use a soft base line that capitalizes on the munitions fired to deploy 

forward of the shields in order to drive the crowd back, retrieve personnel/gear, and apprehend key riot personnel. Employed in pairs (1 x shield man/1 x shotgun). 

NOTE: Refer to Marine Corps Security Force (MCSF) formation examples. 

(3) Command Element. Role of the command element is to provide command and 

signal to the formation and consists of the platoon leader/flight commander/ platoon 

sergeant/flight sergeant, and squad leaders. 

(a) Platoon Leader/Flight Commander, Platoon Sergeant/Flight Sergeant— 

• Pass verbal commands. 

• Maintain order within formations. 

• Gauge and evaluate use of munitions and resupply considerations. 

(b) Squad Leaders— 

• Effectively control the squad. 

• Pass information up the chain. 

• Employ OC as directed. 

(c) Designated Marksman (DM). During a nonlethal engagement, using 

DM provides confidence and safety to those facing a riot. The DM in an overwatch position 

scans the crowd, identifies threats and designated personnel for recovery, and fires lethal 

rounds if a lethal threat is presented. Additionally, DM are ideally suited for flank security 

and counter sniper operations. 

6. Employment Objectives 

a. Innovative employment methods of NLW and ingenuity take on critical significance. 

NLW are employed in concert with other nonlethal and lethal systems to create a 

synergistic effect. 
V-21

b. The measures for countering many nonlethal options are usually apparent, quickly 

learned, and readily available. Because they are not intended to kill, nonlethal options 

“teach” an adversary what to avoid in the future. Small unit commanders must prepare to 

keep one step ahead of motivated belligerents. 

c. Many nonlethal munitions have both maximum effective and minimum safe ranges. 

Individuals short of the minimum safe range may suffer severe injuries or death while the 

effects of most nonlethal munitions are greatly decreased at longer ranges. To be effective, 

an adversary must be engaged within the optimum range of the munition. Figure V-1 

illustrates the ranges for a variety of nonlethal munitions and systems. 

Figure V-1. Nonlethal Weapons Ranges 

7. Rules of Engagement 

a. U.S. forces follow directives issued by competent military authority that delineate 

the circumstances and limitations under which deadly force will be initiated against other 

forces. Intrinsic to the effective use of nonlethal options is the authorization to employ 

them. ROE are the primary means by which the chain of command can provide guidance to 

deployed forces in peacetime for handling crises and, in wartime, to help control the level of 

hostilities. 

b. The commander should distinguish ROE from tactical control measures, threat 

conditions, and arming orders/weapons conditions. Although arming orders are sometimes 

listed on the same quick reference card as ROE for easy reference, the commander should 

distinguish ROE from other policies and directives developed, such as weapons confiscation 

rules. 

c. The commander should delegate the decision to use NLW against an adversary to 

the lowest possible level, preferably to the platoon, flight, or squad level. However, this 

requires that all personnel, not just leaders, have a clear understanding of ROE and his 

intent. 

d. Using lethal force, employed under the standing ROE, will never be denied. At no 

time will forces be deployed without the ability to defend themselves against a lethal threat 

nor will they forego normal training, arming, and equipping for combat. Nonlethal options 

are a complement to, not a replacement for, lethal force and seek to expand a proactive 

response across the range of military operations. 

e. The following figures are examples of service-specific formations. These examples 

are not all-inclusive, and the tactical situation will always dictate actual unit employment. 
V-22

FM 19-15, Civil Disturbance; MCWP 3-11.1, Rifle Company; and MCWP 3-11.2, Marine 

Rifle Squad provide extensive detail about small-unit formations, their use, and other 

considerations. Figures V-2 to V-7 are from I and II Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) 

Special Operations Training Groups (SOTG) and represent a notional infantry platoon. 

Figures V-8 to V-13 represent a notional U.S. Army infantry platoon. Figures V-14 to V-21 

are additional platoon formations submitted by Marine Corps Security Force Training 

Company. 

Figure V-2. Platoon in Depth 

NOTE: The platoon is the smallest unit capable of independent maneuver. The 

platoon in depth formation shown above provides the following benefits: 

• In-depth support with three ranks. 

• Complementary support with the shotguns covering the slower reload 

time for the M203. 

• Additional personnel from each squad to form the recovery teams. 

• Each squad is capable of moving as an independent formation forward 

of the platoon line, if situation dictates. 

• Other tactical formations are applicable—echelon, wedge, column. 
V-23

Figure V-3. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Security Element 

NOTE: Security element deploys around downed person. 
V-24

Figure V-4. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Recovery Team 

NOTE: Recovery team deploys to detain, search, and recover downed person. 
V-25

Figure V-5. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Recovery Team Redeploy 

NOTE: Recovery team redeploys with detained person. 
V-26

Figure V-6. Platoon Recovery Team Deployment—Security Element Redeploy 

NOTE: Security element redeploys back to 3rd rank “by the numbers.” Team 

leader calls “4s in,” then “3s in,” etc. The last person in calls “last man in” 

and formation closes the gap. 

Figure V-7. Platoon On Line—Munitions Squad in Close Support to Cover Flanks 

NOTE: Platoon in close support. NLW and lethal weapons are sited to cover the 

flanks of the formation, as well as support the front line. 
V-27

Figure V-8. Platoon Column 

NOTE: Platoon in column formation. For administrative movement only. 
V-28

Figure V-9. Platoon On Line 

NOTE: Platoon on line—basic formation for the employment of NLW. 

Figure V-10. Platoon Lateral Support, Left (Right) 

NOTE: Platoon in lateral support to protect flanks. 
V-29

Figure V-11. Two Platoons in Close Support 

NOTE: Two platoons in close support—tied in for mutual advantage. 

Figure V-12. Recovery Team Deployment 

NOTE: Recovery team deploys from formation—remainder of platoon can deploy 

around the recovery team from either flank. 
V-30

Figure V-13. Recovery Team Actions and Security Posture 

NOTE: Recovery team forms security perimeter around downed rioter, conducts 

search and detain actions. Once actions are complete, recovery team redeploys. 
V-31

Figure V-14. Platoon in Column (USMC) 

NOTE: These formations are designed for 2 squads (+). This allows the platoon to 

move rapidly when there is no chance of being engaged with the crowd. 
V-32

Figure V-15. Platoon in General Support (USMC) 

NOTE: The control force commander moves into this formation approximately 60 

to 70 meters from the crowd, as the crowd could start to engage the control 

force with thrown objects. 
V-33

Figure V-16. Platoon in Close Support (Start) (USMC) 

NOTE: The control force commander moves into this formation when he feels 

ready to engage the crowd with nonlethal munitions. 
V-34

Figure V-17. Platoon in Close Support (Finish) 
V-35

Figure V-18. Deploying Soft Baseline 

NOTE: The soft baseline affords the control force commander much flexibility. The 

primary mission of this formation is to disperse the crowd back using speed 

and extreme violence of action. By deploying the soft baseline, the commander is able to maneuver the hard baseline where needed (around the 

barrier plan or obstacles.) The soft baseline is deployed by a predetermined 

signal (bullhorn siren, whistle blasts, vehicle horn) and will be retrieved using the same signal. This signal conditions the crowd to expect violence of 

action and causes them to disperse. The soft baseline should never be deployed into a fresh crowd; the crowd needs to be distracted by nonlethal munitions. The formula found to work is distract with stingball grenades, followed by a volley of shotguns and M203 munitions, then send the soft baseline out to disperse or move the crowd back. (Sting them, shoot them, soften 

them up.) 
V-36

Figure V-19. Deploying Escort Team (Start) 

NOTE: When the control force commander identifies the aggressor to retrieve, the 

command is, “Escort team left/right,” then the signal. The signal is the 

same to deploy the soft baseline. As the soft baseline deploys, the two 

shields without gunners provide protection for the escort team. The 

shields remain with the escort team until the soft baseline is called back 

in, at which time the shields go back to the soft baseline. 
V-37

Figure V-20. Deploying Escort Team (Finish) 
V-38

Figure V-21. Recovery of Downed Personnel or Stranded Vehicle (Big Johnson) 

NOTE: In the event the crowd attacks personnel or a vehicle, the control force 

commander can call for a “Big Johnson.” In a Big Johnson, the soft baseline deploys as usual except now the shield and shotgunners on the flank 

of the hard baseline also deploy creating a 190-degree perimeter around 

the personnel or vehicle. This maneuver must be executed quickly and 

with extreme violence of action because the crowd already has its hands on 

individuals in the force. The escort team deploys with the Big Johnson in 

order to escort or carry injured individuals. The shields without gunners 

provide protection for the escort team. 
VI-1

Chapter VI 

LESSONS LEARNED 

1. Background 

Although lessons learned from employing NLW are still being studied and impacts analyzed, it is beneficial to look at the preliminary lessons gained from the NLW experience. 

These lessons are far from conclusive, because U.S. forces have yet to see the first largescale employment of NLW. However, U.S. forces can gain tremendous insight from the experience of others and use what has been learned to guide future NLW employment. 

2. Lessons Learned 

a. Force Continuum. Using nonlethal options needs to be based on the principle of a 

graduated and proportional response, using the decisive force necessary to respond to the 

threat. 

b. Attempts to legislate and regulate every aspect of NLW employment can prove 

disadvantageous to the on-scene commander. During the evacuation of U.N. forces in 

Somalia (OPERATION UNITED SHIELD, 1995), the ROE made an arbitrary and 

unnecessary distinction between situations justifying deadly force and those that justified 

only lesser means. Crowd control items were restricted to situations requiring deadly force. 

Many soldiers, airmen, and Marines asked, “why resort to nonlethal means at all if I have 

to wait until deadly force is authorized before I can shoot them with a beanbag?” 

Additionally, the use of sticky foam was limited to deadly force situations because of the 

perception that adversaries might suffocate from its application. This stipulation 

effectively eliminated sticky foam as a nonlethal option to the forces in Somalia. 

c. With ROE that take into account the force continuum and encourage graduated 

response to nonlethal threats, the commander can employ NLW to enhance his flexibility, 

deterrence ability, and reaction to uncertain situations. To accomplish the mission with 

minimum loss of life and property, commanders need to have ROE that do not restrict them 

from properly employing NLW. 
VI-2

Lessons Learned from OPERATION JOINT GUARDIAN 1999 (Battalion Landing Team (BLT) 

3/8 26 Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) Peace Operations in Kosovo: 

ROE significantly impaired the employment of NLW. For example, OC was not authorized because it was considered a chemical agent. Nonlethal direct fire munitions were not authorized 

during the initial occupation of the province. This significantly hampered the individual Marine’s 

ability to neutralize a threat where deadly force would not have been justified but action was required. Overly restrictive ROE thus negated the flexibility of response that NLW are supposed to 

provide. The intent of deploying NLW is to provide the operator the capability and flexibility to 

neutralize a threat without having to apply deadly force. Thus, the ROE for NLW should ideally 

be less restrictive, not the same or more restrictive, than those for lethal force. 

It is often enticing for authors of ROE involving the use of NLW to base those ROE on the principle of minimum force necessary. This may be appropriate for base and station or homeland security ROE; however, for expeditionary operations the decision to mandate minimum force deserves critical consideration. Commanders in military operations have traditionally gained advantage over their enemy not only by the actual combat power that they bring to the fight, but also 

from that enemy’s perceptions and beliefs about the intensity and resolve with which that combat 

power will be applied. When ROE are written stating that the confrontations will be addressed using the minimum force necessary, this advantage is lost. ROE developed for expeditionary 

nonlethal operations should be based on the concept of decisive and compelling force, rather 

than the minimum force. This will maintain an adversary’s hesitancy to harass and endanger 

U.S. forces even after that adversary has tested or probed the response of those U.S. forces. 

Further, this will allow synergy to be gained through the complimentary employment of lethal and 

NLW by providing more response options to the small unit leader. 

3. Employment 

a. Through the use of modeling, simulation, and field exercises, new concepts for 

employing NLW are continually being developed. The force should train with NLW to the 

same degree as for lethal weapons. In this way, units become confident when using 

nonlethal options in chaotic and uncertain situations. The commander should push the 

decision to employ NLW to the lowest possible tactical level. Commanders who intend to 

use NLW in achieving military objectives must recognize the fluidity of the situations in 

which they are likely to be employed. The decisionmaking cycle is short, stressful, and the 

level of violence can move in both directions along the force continuum. In quick 

succession, a small unit leader might employ nonlethal munitions, decide to employ deadly 

force to an immediate specific threat that arises, then return to using nonlethal means in 

response to unarmed hostile elements. 

b. A mixture of nonlethal “tools” has been determined to be advantageous in an 

operational scenario. As the situation develops, commanders can apply different nonlethal 

responses with respect to range/distance capability and severity of effect. For example, to 

disperse a crowd, area fire weapons would precede use of close-in point target nonlethal 

munitions. 

c. An important point to remember is that NLW are just one element of a graduated 

response available to the force commander. Other factors make up a large contribution to 

the success of U.S. forces, including barrier plans and PSYOP. An example of this 

operation would be using barriers such as roadblocks or concertina wire, warning 

commands to inform a mob of potential responses based on their actions, and only then 

taking actions through escalated employment of NLW. These continued responses would 

involve smoke, RCA, and blunt munitions. A specific verbal warning should precede every 

escalation of nonlethal means. 
VI-3

d. Whenever NLW are employed, a separate lethal capability must always be in place. 

Troops must always be prepared to protect themselves as required by lethal means, because 

it is impossible to accurately predict the response of an individual or mob to NLW 

employment. 

Lessons Learned from OPERATION ESSENTIAL HARVEST 2001 (U.S. Embassy Reinforcement operations conducted at the U.S. Embassy Skopje Macedonia by 5th Platoon, 2nd

Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team [FAST] USMC): 

The anticipated threats were violent demonstrations directed against U.S. facilities in the AO. In 

this case, USMC forces tasked to reinforce the embassy were equipped with a compliment of 

NLW. ROE took into account the capabilities and limitations of the NLW. The ROE and the NLW 

systems on the ground were coordinated and thus compatible. In addition, it was found that integrated employment of different nonlethal munitions greatly enhanced that force’s ability to suppress the threats encountered (large rioting mobs). Random security patrols reinforced with military working dogs proved very effective. Reinforcement with multiple M203s provided USMC 

units with both a lethal and nonlethal capability in the same weapons system. The M203 was 

particularly useful as it gave the individual Marine the means to quickly transition between a lethal 

(5.56-mm) and nonlethal (40-mm nonlethal) capability. A basic understanding of the capabilities 

and limitations of nonlethal munitions enabled a relatively small force (40-50 Marines) to counter 

a sizable threat many times its size (500-1000 rioters). Although NLW were not used, the 

capability and preparation of the units provided the adequate deterrence that prevented the 

situation form escalating. 

4. Publicity and Media 

a. The commander can use the media to his advantage, as they will inform the local 

population of the military’s capabilities and responses available. During OPERATION 

UNITED SHIELD in Somalia, the local media was informed of the Marines’ nonlethal 

options and “new technologies” in order to discourage hostile actions. The media was 

encouraged to report this to the population. Intelligence had indicated the Somalis were 

planning to mix civilians with armed clansmen, creating hostile mobs. In fact, feuding 

warlords had previously successfully demonstrated this strategy on several occasions. Lack 

of deadly mob incidents implies Somalis were not anxious to test this new technology. 

Evidently, publicity had directly contributed to mission accomplishment. 

b. The public dissemination of the presence of NLW capabilities must strike a balance 

between information sufficient to discourage hostile actions and information that enables 

the local population to learn too much of the capabilities of NLW. Too much information 

allows adversaries to develop countermeasures or avoid the NLW effects. Commanders 

who employ NLW systems must involve the PAO from the beginning of planning. The PAO 

must be familiar with the objectives of the mission, commander’s intent, ROE, NLW and 

lethal weapons employed, and be prepared to advise the commander on the best methods of 

dealing with outside media. The commander should fully integrate the PA plan with 

PSYOP objectives and the concept of operations. Additionally, he must work the media to 

ensure the “sensationalism” of such a new technology does not create unrealistic 

expectations where he can be unfairly judged or constrained. 

5. Capabilities and Impact on Mission Accomplishment 

a. The commander should understand the unique capabilities of NLW and use them to 

accomplish the mission. He should use NLW in conjunction with the planned employment 

of the force and within established ROE to minimize loss of life and property while 

accomplishing the mission. The force requires early hands-on training to recognize the 
VI-4

capabilities and limitations of NLW. Appendix D has sample training plans developed to 

meet these objectives. 

b. The force commander must fully integrate planning for using nonlethal capabilities 

as quickly as possible in the staff planning cycle. In order to have a full range of 

alternatives for use against unarmed but hostile elements, the force needs to deliver 

nonlethal systems, complete necessary ROE and legal review, and make sufficient 

quantities of each NLW readily accessible to the force. The choice of nonlethal capabilities 

should be based on several factors and the choice can be made after addressing these 

questions: 

(1) First, are the NLW systems available and can they be delivered on time? 

(2) Second, are they compatible with, and do they complement existing weapons 

and training? 

(3) Third, are there clear and unambiguous guidelines and ROE for employment? 

(4) Finally, can the NLW be effectively employed to save lives and contribute to 

mission accomplishment? 

c. Leaders need to anticipate local civilians developing effective countermeasures to 

their NLW and tactics. Therefore, prior to beginning their mission, leaders must determine 

and rehearse actions to take when nonlethal munitions are effectively countered. 

d. Using nonlethal and lethal force are not mutually exclusive. In many instances, the 

commander can gain synergistic effects by using a combination of both. The following are 

some examples of this: 

(1) Utilizing NLW to separate agitators from noncombatants with simultaneous 

employment of lethal force against hostiles or combatants where deadly force is justified. 

(2) Utilizing NLW when making entry into structures or rooms to gain time in 

order to discern temper and intent of occupants prior to applying deadly force. 

6. Knowing Your Adversary 

a. Although commanders desire thorough intelligence of any potential adversary, such 

a goal may be difficult to reach in a NLW employment environment. During OPERATION 

UNITED SHIELD in Somalia and OPERATION UPHOLD DEMOCRACY (1995) in Haiti, a 

study of the local population’s culture, history, and customs enabled commanders to 

anticipate and control many situations before they got out of hand. On the other hand, 

during OPERATION UPHOLD DEMOCRACY, poor intelligence and a lack of 

understanding between the two cultures led to the Haitians and Cubans being lodged 

together in Guantanamo Bay. This situation led to riots between factions who had a deep 

dislike for each other. By understanding a particular crowd’s motivation, friendly forces 

may be better able to take necessary steps to prevent escalation resulting in the use of 

deadly force. Early training in crowd dynamics and riot control will enhance the effective 

use of NLW. 
VI-5

Lessons Learned from U.S. Peace Operations, 739th MP Battalion (Bn), January 2001 

An Army MP platoon received a mission to clear a rioting crowd of 300 civilian locals from a main 

supply route. The platoon placed vehicle-mounted machine guns in overwatch positions to allow 

quick transition from NLW to conventional rounds. 12-gauge shotgun teams armed with fin stabilized rounds carried M9 pistols for lethal backup. Two volleys of shotgun and M203 nonlethal 

rounds successfully dispersed the crowd. The platoon had utilized INIWIC graduates to conduct 

preparatory training on using NLW. The NLW were extremely effective in pushing back the crowd 

and causing it to disperse. The 40-mm rubber ball round was moderately effective at close 

range, but very inaccurate at longer ranges. Shotguns were more effective than the M203 due to 

their high rate of fire and quick-loading capabilities. 

b. Specific lessons learned during this operation are as follows: 

(1) Placing interpreters is critical. The solution in this incident was to place 

interpreters approximately 25 meters behind formation so they could deploy forward as 

needed. Interpreters were often needed to communicate with crowds and with adjacent 

forces and coalition units that were organic to Kosovo forces (KFOR) that also responded to 

the incident. 

(2) Leaders as well as soldiers should prepare to speak to the media. The 

command should have a PAO representative on hand to deal with the media. 

(3) The commander should thoroughly brief the transition to lethal force from 

NLW. 

(4) U.S. commanders in Kosovo engaged in the decisionmaking process had 

disparate levels of knowledge of nonlethal capabilities, constraints, and operational 

considerations. Therefore, leader training and orientation requires more emphasis. 

(5) ROE were vague regarding the use of NLW. In many operations, NLW use is 

delegated to the on-site commander. Delegating to the lowest possible level is the preferred 

method. 

(6) A unit needs a mixture of nonlethal rounds based on the size of crowd, 

composition of the crowd, available weapons systems, and synergistic effect of selected 

nonlethal combinations. 

(7) When a RRF/QRF arrives on station with NLW to support a force equipped 

only with lethal means, the commander should address the following command and control 

concerns: 

(a) Who makes the decision to employ NLW? 

(b) Is the reinforced commander familiar with NLW? 

(c) Who controls the reinforced unit? 

(d) How does this relationship change as the situation develops? 

7. Summary 

a. The wide range of military operations in which U.S. forces are involved has 

demanded the introduction of NLW into the arsenal of weaponry available to commanders. 

NLW provide a graduated and proportional response to threats posed by a variety of 

adversaries. The ROE must be consistent with the rapidly changing situation of today’s 

chaotic and uncertain military operations. This reality demands a high level of training in 

properly employing NLW. 
VI-6

b. Effective use of NLW involves a synergy between PSYOP activities, intelligence 

gathering, and professional media/PA plan. NLW effectiveness is enhanced through 

integration of these activities to reduce the chance adversaries will be able to develop 

effective countermeasures. NLW, when combined with lethal weapons, provide the 

commander with a force response across a wide range of military operations. 
A-1

Appendix A 

DOD Nonlethal Weapons and Equipment Item Description 

The following is a cumulative list of NLW and equipment currently fielded within the 

DOD. Each service has various components of the following list in its inventory. A list of 

the service’s items is located in Appendix E. 

Figure A-1. Riot Face 

Shield 

1. Riot Face Shield: The riot face shield is a non-ballistic face shield 

designed to protect the service member’s face from objects thrown or 

attacks from non-ballistic weapons. (Figure A-1) 

No picture available. 

2. Ballistic Face Shield: The ballistic face shield provides the service 

member with face protection from a wide range of threats (i.e. debris, 

liquids, handthrown objects). The shield is manufactured from acrylic and 

bullet resistant materials to provide Level IIIA protection (9-mm and .44 

magnum pistol rounds), weighs 3.4 pounds and is compatible with the 

PASGT helmet and M-17/M-40 protective masks. 

Figure A-2. Riot Body 

Shield 

3. Riot Body Shield: The riot body shield is a non-ballistic body shield 

designed to protect the service member’s body from objects thrown or 

attacks from non-ballistic weapons. (Figure A-2) 

No picture available. 

4. Ballistic Body Shield with Light Kit: The ballistic shield provides the 

service member with torso protection from a wide range of threats (i.e. 

debris, liquids, hand thrown objects). The shield is manufactured from 

Spectra Shield resistant material painted anti-reflective flat black, and is 

capable of providing Level IIIA protection (9-mm and .44 magnum pistol 

rounds). The shield weighs 18 pounds and is 20 x 36 inches in size with a 

view port of 4 x 16 inches. 
A-2

Figure A-3. Riot Shin 

Guard 

5. Riot Shin Guard: The riot shin guard is a non-ballistic shin guard 

designed to protect the service member’s shins from objects thrown or 

attacks from non-ballistic weapons. (Figure A-3) 

No picture available. 

6. Ballistic Shin Guards: Ballistic shin guards provide the service member 

with leg protection from a wide range of threats (i.e. debris, liquids, hand 

thrown objects). The guards are manufactured from Kevlar KM2 and 

provide Level IIIA protection (9-mm and .44 magnum pistol rounds). They 

are available in three sizes and weigh between 7 to 10 pounds. 

Figure A-4. Expandable 

Riot Baton (with 

holster) 

7. Expandable Riot Baton (with holster): The expandable riot baton 

provides the service member a nonlethal means of crowd control and selfdefense. The baton comes with a mounting device that attaches the baton 

to a belt. The baton is 24 to 36 inches in length. (Figure A-4) 

No picture available. 

8. Wooden Baton: The wooden baton provides self-defense for the 

service member and the option between physical force and lethal force. 

The baton comes with a mounting device that attaches the baton to a belt. 

The baton is 36 inches in length. 

No picture available. 

9. Practice Riot Batons: The practice riot batons provide the service 

member with a safe dynamic training environment for properly using a riot 

baton. The batons are available in a variety of lengths. 

Figure A-5. Portable 

Bullhorn 

10. Portable Bullhorn: The portable bullhorn provides the service member 

the capability to control his forces by projecting his voice above the noise 

and commotion created by crowds and mobs. (Figure A-5) 

No picture available 

11. Ground-Mounted Public Address System: The ground-mounted public 

address system is a communication enhancement device for conducting 

crowd control tactics. The system facilitates communication with the 

crowd in the absence of PSYOP support and assists with communication 

of commands to troops engaged in crowd-over-crowd noise. 

No picture available. 

12. M7 Individual Voice Amplification System: The M7 individual voice 

amplification system is a communication enhancement device for 

conducting crowd control tactics while wearing the M40 protective mask 

and using riot control agents. The M7 is fitted to the M40 protective mask 

to facilitate oral communication and increase the user’s ability to 

communicate using radios and other devices. 
A-3

Figure A-6. Disposable 

Handcuff 

13. Disposable Handcuff: The disposable handcuff provides service 

members with a means of restraining and controlling suspects, prisoners, 

and other individuals encountered during crowd control. The disposable 

handcuff is designed for one-time use. (Figure A-6) 

Figure A-7. Training 

Disposable Handcuff 

14. Training Disposable Handcuff: The training disposable handcuff 

provides service members with a means for training in handcuffing 

procedures prior to actual use. The training disposable handcuff is red 

and reusable. (Figure A-7) 

Figure A-8. MK-4 

Pepper Spray Pouch 

15. MK-4 Pepper Spray Pouch: The MK-4 pepper spray pouch is 

designed to carry the MK-4 pepper spray canister. (Figure A-8) 

Figure A-9. MK-4 

Individual Live OC 

Pepper Spray 

16. MK-4 Individual Live OC Pepper Spray: The MK-4 individual pepper 

spray has a range of up to 12 feet in a target-specific stream. It contains 

30 to 35 half-second bursts. (Figure A-9) 

No picture available. 

17. M-36 Individual Riot Control Disperser: M-36 Individual Riot Control 

Disperser has a range of up to 12 feet in a target-specific stream. It 

contains 30 to 35 half-second bursts. It is loaded with either CN or CS 

agent. 

Figure A-10. MK-9 

Pepper Spray Pouch 

18. MK-9 Pepper Spray Pouch: The MK-9 pepper spray pouch is 

designed to carry the MK-9 pepper spray canister. (Figure A-10) 
A-4

Figure A-11. MK-9 

Squad Live OC Pepper 

Spray 

19. MK-9 Squad Live OC Pepper Spray: The MK-9 squad pepper spray 

has a range of up to 15 feet in a target-specific fog. It contains 8 to10 halfsecond high volume bursts. (Figure A-11) 

Figure A-12. MK-46 

Platoon Live 

(Horizontal) OC Pepper 

Spray 

20. MK-46 Platoon Live (Horizontal) OC Pepper Spray: The MK-46 

platoon pepper spray has a range of up to 25 to 30 feet in a target-specific 

dispersed spray pattern. It contains up to 12 one-second high volume 

bursts. (Figure A-12) 

Figure A-13. MK-46 

Sling 

21. MK-46 Sling: The MK-46 sling gives a service member the ability to 

sling the MK-46 canister on the shoulder. (Figure A-13) 

Figure A-14. MK-46 

Hardware Kit 

22. MK-46 Hardware Kit: The MK-46 hardware kit consists of a transfer 

tube, funnel, and transfer bottle. A compressed nitrogen source is also 

required to utilize the kit. (Figure A-14) 
A-5

Figure A-15. MK-46 

Refill Live OC Pepper 

Spray 

23. MK-46 Refill Live OC Pepper Spray: The MK-46 refill solution comes in 

a one-gallon container. (Figure A-15) 

Figure A-16. MK-4 

Individual Inert OC 

Pepper Spray 

24. MK-4 Individual Inert OC Pepper Spray: The MK-4 inert individual 

pepper spray has a range of up to 12 feet in a target-specific stream. It 

contains 30 to 35 half-second bursts. It provides the service member with 

an inert canister for familiarization and training purposes. The inert device 

is loaded with a non-irritant, non-toxic formulation payload. The device 

may also contain a non-toxic, water-soluble marker to allow immediate 

feedback on content delivery to target. The MK-4 device is marked “Inert.” 

(Figure A-16) 

Figure A-17. MK-9 

Squad Inert OC Pepper 

Spray 

25. MK-9 Squad Inert OC Pepper Spray: The MK-9 squad inert pepper 

spray has a range of up to 15 feet in a target-specific fog. It contains 8 to 

10 half-second high volume bursts. It provides the service member with 

an inert canister for familiarization and training purposes. The inert device 

is loaded with a non-irritant, non-toxic formulation payload. The device 

may also contain a non-toxic, water-soluble marker to allow immediate 

feedback on content delivery to target. The inert MK-9 device is 

prominently marked “Inert” with a yellow sticker attached. (Figure A-17) 

Figure A-18. MK-46 

Platoon Inert OC 

Pepper Spray 

26. MK-46 Platoon Inert OC Pepper Spray: The MK-46 platoon inert 

pepper spray has a range of up to 25 to 30 feet in a target-specific 

dispersed spray pattern. It contains up to 12 one-second high volume 

bursts. It provides the service member with an inert canister for 

familiarization and training purposes. The inert device is loaded win a 

non-irritant, non-toxic formulation payload. The device may also contain a 

non-toxic, water-soluble marker to allow immediate feedback on content 

delivery to target. The inert MK-46 device is prominently marked “Inert” 

with a yellow sticker attached. (Figure A-18) 
A-6

Figure A-19. MK-46 

Refill Inert OC Pepper 

Spray 

27. MK-46 Refill Inert OC Pepper Spray: The MK-46 refill solution comes 

in a one-gallon container. (Figure A-19) 

Figure A-20. FIST 

Training Suit 

28. FIST Training Suit: The FIST training suit is made of closed-cell 

shock-absorbent foam that allows service members to hone their riot baton 

skills through realistic hand-to-hand engagement training. The FIST suit 

can absorb blows inflicted by the current expandable and wood riot baton. 

It provides protection for the head, face, hands, and legs, without 

significant degradation of the wearer’s mobility. The FIST suit consists of 

a helmet, chest and back protector, bicep and forearm protectors, groin 

and buttock protectors, thigh and shin protectors, gloves, and carry bag. 

(Figure A-20) 

NOTE: FIST is the current manufacturer of this training suit). 

Figure A-21. Riot 

Training Strike Bag 

29. Riot Training Strike Bag: The riot training strike bag gives the service 

member a strike bag for training and proficiency in open-hand control 

techniques. (Figure A-21) 

Figure A-22. Caltrop 

30. Caltrop: The caltrop is a field expedient area denial system. Securing 

approximately 50 caltrops to 550 military cord best employs it. This allows 

a service member to quickly toss/recover the system, using the caltrops to 

deny vehicle/pedestrian movement in a designated area. The four prongs 

are approximately two inches tall and will puncture tires or boots. (Figure 

A-22) 
A-7

Figure A-23. Road Side 

Spike Strip 

31. Road Side Spike Strip: The spike strip is designed to puncture a 

pneumatic tire as the vehicle makes contact with the spike strip. The 

spikes pivot into the tire and the tip-guards are pushed down. The spikes 

are imbedded deeply into the tire. The spikes are pulled out of the unit 

and remain in the tire. On the second revolution they will be pushed 

directly into the tire, allowing air to escape slowly without causing a 

blowout or sudden loss of control. The average tire will pick up 4 to 6 

spikes with the deflation time of about 12 to 20 seconds. It allows a 

service member to quickly toss/recover the system, impeding vehicle 

movement in a designated area. It allows a force to provide additional 

physical security in areas where the caltrop cannot be tactically employed. 

(Figure A-23) 

Figure A-24. HighIntensity Search Light 

32. The high-intensity searchlight is a rugged, lightweight, hand-held, highintensity spotlight for use during low-light conditions. Two different highintensity lights were fielded. The Maxabeam light (shown on top) was 

fielded in 1997. It was replaced by the Nighthunter light (shown 

underneath) in 2000. (Figure A-24) 

Figure A-25. Individual 

Light Holster (6P) 

33. Individual Light Holster (6P): The 6P individual light holster is 

designed to hold the 6P individual light. (Figure A-25) 

Figure A-26. 6P 

Individual Light 

34. 6P Individual Light: The 6P individual light is issued to service 

members within the platoon. (Figure A-26) 
A-8

Figure A-27. 6P 

Individual Light 

Accessory Kit 

35. 6P Individual Light Accessory Kit: The 6P individual light accessory kit 

includes a spare light bulb installation kit. (Figure A-27) 

Figure A-28. 3V 

Lithium Batteries 

36. 3V Lithium Batteries: Two 3V Lithium Batteries are required to operate 

the 6P individual light. (Figure A-28) 

Figure A-29. 12-Gauge 

Buttstock Cuff 

37. 12-Gauge Buttstock Cuff: The buttstock cuff is designed to fasten to 

the buttstock of most shotguns to hold seven 12-gauge cartridges for quick 

loading of the shotgun. (Figure A-29) 

Figure A-30. 12-Gauge 

Utility Pouch 

38. 12-Gauge Utility Pouch: The 12-gauge utility pouch is designed to 

hold twenty-five 12-gauge munitions and attaches to the service member’s 

combat gear. (Figure A-30) 

Figure A-31. 40-mm 

Carrying Pouch 

39. 40-mm Carrying Pouch: The 40-mm carrying pouch is partitioned in a 

manner to provide the service member with a means of carrying not less 

than six 40-mm nonlethal rounds in separate compartments. It attaches to 

the service member’s combat gear. (Figure A-31) 
A-9

Figure A-32. 

Diversionary/Rubber 

Ball Grenade Pouch 

40. Diversionary/Rubber Ball Grenade Pouch: The diversionary/rubber 

ball grenade pouch is an ammunition carrying pouch partitioned in a 

manner to provide the service member with a means of holding up to six 

rubber ball grenades or six flash bang grenades in separate 

compartments. (Figure A-32) 

Figure A-33. 12-Gauge 

Mossberg 500A2/590 

Shotgun 

41. 12-Gauge Mossberg 500A2/590 Shotgun: The 12-gauge Mossberg 

500A2 or 590 shotgun are the only 12-gauge shotguns currently 

authorized for firing 12-gauge nonlethal projectile munitions. The 

launching cup for the rubber ball grenade will attach to the Mossberg 

500A2 Shotgun. The launch cup will not attach to the Mossberg 590 

shotgun. Until the Joint Service Combat shotgun can effectively fire 

nonlethal 12-gauge rounds, the 12-gauge Mossberg 500A2 or 590 

shotgun configuration meets the requirement of the NLW force. (Figure A33) 

Figure A-34. 12-Gauge 

M870 (modified) 

Version 2 (USCG) 

42. 12-Gauge M870 (modified) Version 2 (USCG): The modified 

Remington 870 shotgun has a fixed synthetic stock and pistol grip. The 

pistol grip gives the shooter more control of the weapon and helps 

dissipate recoil from the shoulder. The synthetic materials used are more 

durable and lighter weight than the wood stocks used on the Standard 

M870. The barrel is fitted with a rifled choke tube for firing slugs (solid 

projectiles) to increase accuracy. It is also equipped with an Advanced 

Combat Optical Gunsight that was developed for use in “both-eyes-open” 

close quarters battle. The advantage is rapid target acquisition without the 

need to align front and rear sights. Batteries do not power the illumination 

sight; it contains tritium gas. 

In the Coast Guard, a yellow “stock sock” will be used whenever the 

shotgun is loaded with nonlethal munitions. This removable nylon sleeve 

is used to identify the weapon as a nonlethal delivery system. (Figure 

A-34) 

Figure A-35. Advanced 

Combat Optical 

Gunsight (ACOG) 

Reflex Sight (USCG) 

43. Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight (ACOG) Reflex Sight (USCG): 

Modified shotguns are equipped with this site. (Figure A-34) 
A-10

Figure A-36. ACOG 

Reflex Sight (USCG) 

44. ACOG Reflex Sight (USCG): The dual-illuminated, Trijicon® Reflex 

sight was developed for the military for use in both-eyes-open close 

quarters battle (CQB). The advantage is quick target acquisition thus 

eliminating the need to align front and rear sights. Batteries do not power 

the illumination sight; it contains tritium gas. (Figure A-35) 

Equipment Currently Being Fielded 

1. 40-mm Crowd Dispersal Cartridge (CDC): 

This direct fire, low-hazard, non-shrapnel-producing, multiple ball projectile provides 

friendly forces the capability to conduct crowd control. The CDC uses nonlethal, blunt 

trauma to stop, confuse, disorient, and/or temporarily incapacitate personnel and increase 

standoff distance between friendly forces and the hostile crowd. Primarily designed as an 

area effect munition, the CDC can be used on individuals. The M203 40-mm grenade 

launcher fires the CDC and contains 48, .48 caliber rubber balls. Effective range is 10 to 

30 meters. (Figures A-37 and A-38) 

Figure A-37. Crowd Dispersal Cartridge 

Figure A-38. Soldier Employing CDC 

with M203 
A-11

2. Portable Vehicle Arresting Barrier (PVAB): 

PVAB is a lightweight, portable, manually emplaced and recoverable barrier entrapment device to create, on command, a barrier that stops vehicles driven by known or suspected hostile forces with minimal damage to the vehicle or its occupants. It is used at 

dismount points, checkpoints, and roadblocks to prevent unauthorized access by wheeled 

vehicles into or out of areas (e.g. airfields, ports, command posts [CP]). Two individuals can 

easily emplace it, in approximately four hours. In stand-by mode, PVAB folds down into 

something similar to a speed bump (vehicles pass freely). In capture mode, the net springs 

up on two hydraulic pistons, to maximum height in less than a second. PVAB can be set up 

to span 12 to 24 feet and can stop a light truck (up to 7,500 pounds) at speeds up to 45 miles 

per hour, with a stopping distance of less than 200 feet PVAB can be containerized: 53.75 

cubic feet (7 boxes, 4 large-3 small)—1,044 pounds on approximately one pallet. (Figures A39 and A-40) 

Figure A-39. PVAB in Action (Far View) Figure A-40. PVAB in Action Near View 

3. Modified Crowd Control Munition—Ground Emplaced (MCCM-GE): 

The MCCM-GE (Figure A-41) is a nonlethal munition, housed in a casing similar to the 

current claymore mine, which will stop, confuse, disorient and/or temporarily incapacitate 

area targets/personnel at close range. The force can use it to provide crowd control by dispersing hostile crowds and force protection by integrating it into a layered perimeter defense. It delivers 600, .32 caliber rubber balls as well as a flash bang effect. The MCCMGE gives the commander or small unit leader greater flexibility to apply nonlethal force as 

a first line of defense against hostile noncombatants. Effective range is 5 to 15 meters. 

(Figure A-42) 

Figure A-41. Modified Crowd Control Munition-Ground Emplaced (MCCM-GE) 
A-12

Figure A-42. MCCM-GE Range Chart 

4. 66-mm Vehicle Mounted Nonlethal Grenade Launcher (VMNLGL): 

The VMNLGL is a nonlethal grenade-launching device mounted on high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV). It is an indirect fire-support system that can deliver a 

66-mm distraction device (flash-bang), CS, or blunt trauma (sting ball) payload. The distraction grenade uses a pyrotechnic charge for crowd control through audio and visual 

stimuli. The blunt trauma grenade uses a pyrotechnic charge to discharge 140, .32 caliber 

(cal.), rubber balls to achieve crowd control through audio, visual, and physical stimuli. 

The force uses VMNLGL to enhance the ability of friendly forces to conduct force protection 

without direct contact with hostile or threatening crowds. It enforces standoff distances 

and deters potential threats. It can disperse or subdue crowds, keep personnel from surrounding or climbing on patrol vehicles, slow or stop threatening personnel or vehicles by 

confusing, disorienting, and/or temporarily incapacitating individuals for capture. The grenade is fired from the grenade launchers traditionally found on tracked vehicles. Vehiclelaunched grenades have three submunitions designed to ground burst. Effective range is 

50 to 100 meters. An adjustable bracket allows engagement at ranges of 50 meters, 75 

meters, and 100 meters. (Figure A-44) 
A-13

Figure A-43. 66-mm Vehicle Mounted Nonlethal Grenade Launcher (VMNLGL) 

Figure A-44. VMNLGL Range Chart 

5. Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES) 

The Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES) is series of short, separate, looped 

polyethylene lines that are attached to a single, long polyethylene base line. This entanglement net fouls the propellers of planing hull small boats. The capability to manually deploy the net from a soft-sided bag has been fielded for USCG use in limited numbers. The 

USCG is in the process of incorporating three other variants of RGES into its inventory of 

nonlethal capabilities. These include aerial-delivered RGES, surface launched RGES to deploy from vessels, and static barrier RGES. The static barrier RGES has broad application 

into support homeland security, physical security and force protection missions. The surface launched RGES has direct application in the USCG’s law enforcement mission wherever the requirement exists to stop a non-compliant vessel. Both of these systems are expected to be fielded in the fall/winter of CY02. The air launched version is currently still in 

the concept development phase and is not yet fully developed. (Figure A-45) 
A-14

Figure A-45. Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES) 

a. RGES Surface Delivery System: The USCG can use stern-mounted, manually 

deployed RGES from a cutter’s small boat to stop slow-moving migrant-type craft. (Figure 

A-46) 

(1) Uses COTS compressed air cylinder launcher. 

(2) Removable, fix-mounted launcher on side of craft. 

(3) Launch projects device ahead of target. 

Figure A-46. RGES Surface Delivery System 

b. RGES Barrier 

(1) Provides static barrier around ship or other waterside asset. 
A-15

(2) Provides a visible demarcation line, establishes zones, deters intrusions. (Figure 

A-47) 

Figure A-47. RGES Barrier Employment 

c. RGES Aerial Delivery System (ADS): RGES is aerial deployed from the ADS ahead 

of target aboard a H60 helicopter (Figure A-48). Device should float in the water ahead of 

target ensuring target runs over device. Device fouls propeller or rudder until target stops 

and awaits boarding. 

(1) Uses COTS compressed air cylinder launcher 

(2) Removable, fix-mounted launcher on helicopter 

(3) Launch projects device ahead of target. (Figures A-49) 

Figure A-48. RGES Aerial Delivery System (ADS) 
A-16

Figure A-49. RGES Aerial Delivery System (ADS) 

6. Warp Cutter 

a. Warp cutting is a nonlethal use of force, which has been safely and effectively 

employed by several countries to enforce fisheries laws in their respective exclusive 

economic zones (EEZ). The warp cutter is a device that closely resembles a grappling hook 

or small anchor. It has hardened steel blades attached to the crux of the grapnels. It is 

towed behind an enforcement vessel and across the warps of a non-compliant fishing vessel. 

As the cutting device engages the warps, it slices through them, separating the net from the 

fishing vessel. 

b. The USCG uses the warp cutter to compel foreign vessels suspected of illegally 

fishing in the U.S. EEZ to comply with lawful orders to stop and be boarded. The USCG 

may cut the trawl warps of non-compliant vessels as a means of compelling them to stop for 

a boarding. 
A-17

Figure A-50. Warp Cutter 

B-1

Appendix B 

Summary: Specialty Impact Munitions 

12-Gauge Launch Cartridge 

Using Services: USN, USMC 

Status: Fielded 1998 

DODIC: AA30 

NSN: 1305-01-464-8389 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYCOM—NSWC Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

Color ......................................Clear case 

Diameter................................12-gauge 

Projectile ...............................N/A 

Length ...................................2.00 inches (51 mm) 

Total Weight..........................13.6 grams 

Propellant Weight.................46.3 grains (black powder) 

Muzzle Velocity.....................100 feet/second (30.5 m/sec)—rubber ball grenade 

Acceptance Accuracy..........200 feet (61 m) + 25 feet (7.6 m) at 30-degree launch angle using 

rubber ball grenade and 12-gauge launch cup 

Projectile Specification: N/A 

• Use 12-gauge launch round in combination with rubber ball grenade and 12-gauge 

launch cup to hurl a grenade a distance of 200 feet (61 m) + 25 feet (7.6 m) when 

launch angle is approximately 30 degrees. 

• Chamber launch cartridge only after installing grenade in launch cup and pulling 

safety pin from grenade. 

Figure B-1. 12-Gauge Launch Cartridge 
B-2 

12-Gauge Bean Bag Cartridge 

Using Services: USN, USMC 

DODIC: AA29 

NSN: 1305-01-454-0191 

Status: Fielded 1998 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYCOM—NSWC 

Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

Color ......................................Clear or red case 

Diameter................................12 gauge 

Projectile ...............................1 bean bag 

Length ...................................2.45 inches (62 mm) 

Total Weight..........................49.9 grams 

Propellant Weight.................3.4 grains 

Muzzle Velocity.....................300 + 25 feet/second (91.4 + 7.62 m/sec) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........2 feet (.6 m) X 6 feet (1.8 m) at 100 feet (30.3 m) with Mossberg 

500A2 

Shotgun Projectile Specification: 

Shape...............................Square bag or tube sock 

Material............................Nylon or cotton-polyester 

Filler.................................#9 lead shot 

Filler weight.....................44.4 grams (maximum) 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 20 feet (6 m) 

• At distances of 20 feet (6 m) to 40 feet (12 m), target area should be center mass 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Do not skip fire this round! Round becomes unpredictable upon striking the ground 

• Round is most effective against individually selected targets (point round) 

• End wad has low light marker 

Figure B-2. 12-Gauge Bean Bag Cartridge 
B-3

12-Gauge Rubber Fin Stabilized Cartridge 

Using Services: USN, USMC, USCG 

Status: Fielded 1998 

DODIC: AA31 

NSN: 1305-01-454-0189 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYCOM—NSWC Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

Color ......................................Clear or red case 

Diameter................................12 gauge 

Projectile ...............................1 rubber projectile 

Length ...................................2.45 inches (62 mm) 

Total Weigh...........................9.1 grams 

Propellant Weight.................4.8 grains 

Muzzle Velocity.....................530 + 65 feet/second 

(161.5 + 19.8 m/sec) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........2 feet (.6 m) X 6 feet (1.8 m) at 100 feet (30.3 m) with Mossberg 500 

A2 shotgun 

Projectile Specification: ......Caliber 12 gauge 

Material..................................Rubber 

Hardness...............................Durometer 70-80 Shore “A” scale 

Weight ...................................7.8 grams 

Temperature Limits (demonstrated): 

Upper limit...125o F 

Lower limit...0o F 

Shipping Data: Hazard classification/division and storage compatibility group...1.4S 

DOT Class .............................ORM-D 

DOT Markings Cartridge......Small Arms 

UNO serial number...............0012 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 20 feet (6 m); 

USCG: 15 yards 

• At distances of 20 feet (6 m) to 40 feet (12 m), target area should be center mass; 

USCG: 15 to 30 yards 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Do not skip fire this round! Round becomes unpredictable upon striking the ground 

• Round is most effective against individually selected targets (point round) 

• End wad has low light marking 

Figure B-3. 12-Gauge Rubber Fin Stabilized Cartridge 
B-4 

40-mm Foam Rubber Baton Cartridge 

Using Services: USN, USMC 

Status: Fielded 1998 

DODIC: BA07 

NSN: 1310-01-453-9168 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYSCOM—NSWC 

Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

Color ......................................Aluminum (case) 

Diameter................................40 millimeter 

Projectile ...............................3 foam batons 

Length ...................................4.78 inches (121.4 mm) 

Total Weight..........................201 grams 

Propellant Weight.................13.0 grains 

Muzzle Velocity.....................325 + 35 feet/second 

(99 + 10.6 m/sec) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........6 feet (1.8 m) X 3 feet (.9 m) at 50 

feet (15.2 m) with M203 

Projectile Specifications: 

Number............................3 

Material............................Foam rubber 

Hardness .........................Durometer 25 + 10 on Shore “A” scale 

Weight..............................250 to 280 grains 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 20 feet (6 m) 

• At distances of 20 feet (6 m) to 40 feet (12 m), target area should be center mass 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Round is most effective against point targets (individual personnel) 

• End wad has low light marker 

Figure B-4. 40-mm Foam Rubber Baton Cartridge 
B-5

40-mm Rubber Ball Cartridge 

Using Services: USN, USMC 

Status: Fielded 1998 

DODIC: BA08 

NSN: 1310-01-453-9154 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYSCOM—NSWC 

Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395 

Color ......................................Aluminum (case) 

Diameter................................40 millimeter 

Projectile ...............................24 rubber balls 

Length ...................................4.78 inches (121.4 mm) 

Total Weight...........................201 grams 

Propellant Weight.................7.3 grains 

Muzzle Velocity.....................325 + 35 feet/second 

(99 + 10.6 m/sec) 

Acceptance Accuracy...........6 feet (1.8 m) x 9 feet (2.7 m) at 

50 feet (15.2 m) with 

M203NSWC Crane 

(812) 854-5801 

Projectile Specifications: 

Caliber...................................60 

Number..................................22 (minimum) 

Material..................................Rubber 

Hardness...............................Durometer 60 + 10 on Shore “A” scale 

Weight ...................................2.2 grams each 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 20 feet (6 m) 

• At distances of 20 feet (6 m) to 40 feet (12 m), target area should be center mass 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Round is most effective against area targets (multiple personnel) 

• End wad has low light marker 

Figure B-5. 40-mm Rubber Ball Cartridge 
B-6 

Rubber Ball Grenade 

Using Services: USN, USMC 

Status: Fielded 1998 

DODIC: GG04 

NSN: 1310-01-454-0132 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYSCOM—NSWC 

Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

Color .......................................Black with white 

lettering 

Diameter................................3.12 inches (79 mm) 

Projectiles .............................100 rubber balls 

(minimum) 

Height ....................................5.25 inches 

(133.4 mm) 

Total Weight..........................290 grams 

Explosive Weight..................59 grams 

Total Time Delay...................3.0 + 0.5 seconds 

Employment Distance: 

Hand Thrown ......................50 feet (15.2 m) 

Shotgun Launched ............200 feet (61 m) 

Projectile Specifications: 

Number................................100 (minimum) 

Material................................Rubber 

Hardness.............................Durometer 70 to 80 on Shore “A” scale 

Diameter..............................0.25 inches (6.4 mm) (minimum) 

• Fuze separates from the body 1.3 to 1.7 seconds after primer ignition. 

• Second delay causes burster charge detonation 3.0 + 0.5 seconds average after primer 

ignition. Rubber balls are then dispersed in a 50-feet (15-m) circular pattern. 

• 12-gauge shotgun with launch cup and launch cartridge can launch grenade 200 feet 

(61 m) + 25 feet (7.6 m) 

Figure B-6. Rubber Ball Grenade 
B-7

Practice Grenade Body 

Using Services: USMC 

Status: Fielded 2002 

DODIC: GG05 

NSN: Pending 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYSCOM – NSWC Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

Diameter................................3.12 inches (79 mm) 

Projectiles .............................N/A 

Height ....................................4.2 inches (106 mm) 

Total Weight..........................208 grams 

Explosive Weight..................N/A (inert) 

Total Time Delay...................3.0 + 0.5 seconds when used with 

practice grenade fuze 

Employment Distance: 

Hand Thrown...................50 feet (15.2 m) 

Shotgun Launched .........200 feet (61 m) using Mossberg launch cup and 12-gauge launch 

cartridge (AA30). 

• Practice grenade body is reusable up to 25 times and is a component of a practice 

grenade assembly, consisting of the body and a practice grenade fuze. 

• Practice grenade assembly accurately replicates the GG04 rubber ball grenade and is 

used for training purposes. 

Figure B-7. Practice Grenade Body 
B-8 

Practice Grenade Fuze 

Using Services: USMC 

Status: Fielded 2002 

DODIC: Pending 

NSN: Pending 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYSCOM—NSWC 

Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM 

(703) 784-9395 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

Color .......................................Blue safety lever 

with brown stripe 

Projectiles .............................N/A 

Height ....................................4.25 inches 

(107 mm) 

Total Weight..........................82 grams 

Explosive Weight..................Not available 

Total Time Delay...................3.0 + 0.5 seconds 

Employment Distance when used with GG05 Practice Grenade Body: 

Hand Thrown ....................50 feet (15.2 m) 

Shotgun Launched...........200 feet (61 m)—using Mossberg launch cup and 12-gauge launch 

cartridge (AA30). 

• Employ practice grenade fuze with the practice grenade body to create a practice 

grenade assembly consisting of the body and a practice grenade fuze. 

• Practice grenade assembly accurately replicates the GG04 rubber ball grenade and is 

used for training purposes. 

Figure B-8. Practice Grenade Fuze 
B-9

Nonlethal Grenade Launch Cup 

Using Service: USMC 

Status: Fielded 2002 

DODIC: N/A 

NSN: Pending 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYSCOM—NSWC Crane, IN 

Further Information: Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM 

(703) 784-2006 Ext. 2733 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-5801 

NOTE: Cup body shown is representative of cup bodies 

used on all shotguns. Adapter shown is subject to 

change depending on the shotgun used and design 

improvements. 

Color......................................Black 

Diameter (internal) ...............3.12 inches (79 mm) 

Length (without adapter) .....4 inches (102 mm) 

Weight ...................................397 grams (maximum) Cross Section View 

• Use launch cup in concert with AA30 launch cartridge and either the GG04 rubber ball 

grenade or GG05 practice grenade assembly 

• Attach launch cup and remove from the shotgun without using tools 

• Launch cup can withstand accidental detonation of rubber ball grenade without 

fragmenting 

Figure B-9. Nonlethal Grenade Launch Cup 
B-10 

Diversionary Charge, MK 141, MOD 0 

Using Services: USN, USMC 

Status: Fielded 1997 

DODIC: DWBS 

NSN: 1375-01-387-5748 

Acquisition Activity: MARCORSYSCOM—NSWC 

Crane, IN 

Further Information: 

Commercial: MARCORSYSCOM (703) 784-9395 

NSWC Crane (812) 854-3934 

Color ......................................Brown with white stripe 

Diameter................................1.77 inches (45 mm) 

Projectile ...............................N/A 

Length ...................................5.214 inches (132.4 mm) 

Total Weight..........................99.8 grams 

Net Explosive Weight...........17.8 grains 

Light Output..........................2 million candlepower for 

4 milliseconds 

Noise Output.........................176 to 185 decibels 

Material..................................Molded and machined 

polyurethane 

Time Delay: 

Initial ................................1.26 seconds (minimum) 

Total.................................1.34 to 1.84 seconds 

• Diversionary charge can cause serious injury if held at time of detonation 

• Light and noise most effective in confined space to stun individuals 

• Most often employed for hostage rescue 

Figure B-10. Diversionary Charge, MK 141, MOD 0 
B-11

Cartridge, 12-Gauge Rubber Sting BallTM 

Using Services: USCG 

Status: Fielded 

DODIC: N/A Model No. 2552 

NSN: Commercial Procurement 

Acquisitions Activity: Commandant (G-OCU) 

Further Information: Commandant (G-OCU) (202) 267-1522 

Model Number ......................31-caliber sting-ball 

Type .......................................Multiple projectile rubber pellets 

Range ....................................10 yards (9 m) 

Projectiles .............................18 (average) 

Cartridge Material.................Plastic 

Projectile Weight ...................35 grams each 

Projectile Material..................31-caliber rubber pellets 

Overall Height.......................2.75 inches (70 mm) 

Overall Weight ......................18 grams 

Compatibility.........................12-gauge shotguns 

Velocity..................................400 feet/second 

USCG 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 5 yards. 

• At distances of 20 feet (6 m) to 40 feet (12 m), target area should be center mass 

• This round is most effective against area targets with a maximum effective range of 15 

yards 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Round is most effective against area targets (multiple personnel) 

• Stock Sock: a yellow “stock sock” will be used whenever the modified 12-gauge 

Remington 870 shotgun is loaded with nonlethal munitions. This removable nylon 

sleeve is used to identify the weapon as a nonlethal delivery system. 

• All specifications are average and are subject to change without notice 

• 2552SPEC

Figure B-11. Cartridge, 12-Gauge Rubber Sting BallTM 
B-12 

Cartridge, 12-Gauge Sting BallTM High Velocity 

Using Services: USCG 

Status: Fielded 

DODIC: N/A Model No. 2553 

NSN: Commercial Procurement 

Acquisitions Activity: Commandant (G-OCU) 

Further Information: Commandant (G-OCU) (202) 267-1522 

Model Number ......................31-caliber sting-ball 

Type .......................................Multiple projectile rubber pellets 

Range ....................................10 yards (9 m) 

Projectiles .............................18 (average) 

Cartridge Material.................Plastic 

Projectile Weight ...................35 grams each 

Projectile Material..................31-caliber rubber pellets 

Overall Height.......................2.4 to 2.5 inches (61 – 63 mm) 

Overall Weight ......................18 grams 

Compatibility.........................12-gauge shotguns 

Velocity..................................900 feet/second 

USCG 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 5 yards. 

• At distances of 20 feet (6 m) to 40 feet (12 m), target area should be center mass 

• Maximum effective range is 15 yards 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Round is most effective against area targets (multiple personnel) 

• Stock Sock: a yellow “stock sock” will be used whenever the modified 12-gauge 

Remington 870 shotgun is loaded with nonlethal munitions. This removable nylon 

sleeve is used to identify the weapon as a nonlethal delivery system. 

• All specifications are average and are subject to change without notice. 

• 2553SPEC

Figure B-12. Cartridge, 12-Gauge Sting BallTM High Velocity 
B-13

M1006, 40-mm Nonlethal Cartridge (Sponge Grenade) 

Using Services: U.S. Army 

Status: Materiel Released April 2000 

DODIC: BA06 

NSN: 1310-01-452-1190 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 

Further Information: 

Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal NL Systems Integrator: (973) 724-6948 

Product Director: (973) 724-6283 

Color: 

Projectile .........................Black, olive green (foam rubber) 

Cartridge Case................Opaque 

Diameter................................40 millimeter 

Length ...................................5.272 inches (13.4 cm) (maximum) 

Total Weight..........................68 grams (0.15 lbs) 

Propellant Weight.................2 grains 

Muzzle Velocity.....................265 + 20 feet/second (81 + 6 m/sec) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........>85 % accuracy at 30 meters (E-silhouette) and >60 % accuracy at 

50 meters (E-silhouette) when fired from an M16A2/M203 or a 

M4/M203 

Engagement Range..............10 meters to 50 meters 

Projectile Specification: 

Shape ..................................40-mm bullet shaped foam rubber 

Material................................Foam rubber 

Weight .................................28.5 grams (.06 lbs) 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 32.8 feet (10 m) 

• At distances of 10 meters to 50 meters, target area should be center mass 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Do not skip fire this round! Round becomes unpredictable upon striking the ground 

• Round is most effective against individually selected targets (point round) 

Figure B-13. M1006, 40-mm Nonlethal Cartridge (Sponge Grenade) 
B-14 

M1012, 12-Gauge Shotgun: Nonlethal, Point Control Cartridge 

Using Services: U.S. Army 

Status: Type Classified, June 2000 

DODAC: AA51 

NSN: 1305-01-470-2405 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 

Further Information: 

Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal NL Systems Integrator: (973) 724-6948 

Product Director: (973) 724-6086 

Color: 

Cartridge Case: ..............Clear 

Diameter................................12 gauge 

Length ...................................2.45 inches (62.2 mm) 

Total Weight..........................500 grains 

Propellant Weight.................6.6 grains smokeless (Red Dot) 

Muzzle Velocity.....................500 feet/second (152.4 m/sec) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........80 % accuracy at 10 and 20 meters (E-silhouette) fired out of 

Mossberg 500, Mossberg 590, and Winchester 1200 

Engagement range...............10 to 20 meters 

Projectile Specification: 

Shape ................................Fin stabilized ‘bomblet’ shape 

Material..............................Rubber 

Weight ...............................0.2 ounces ( 5.8 gm) 

Hardness........................... 75 Durometer “A” Scale 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 33 feet (10 m) 

• At distances of 10 to 20 meters, target area should be center mass 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

• Round is most effective against individually selected targets (point round) 

Figure B-14. M1012, 12-Gauge Shotgun: Nonlethal, Point Control Cartridge 
B-15

M1013, 12-Gauge Shotgun: Nonlethal, Crowd Dispersal Cartridge 

Using Services: U.S. Army 

Status: Type Classified June 2000 

DODAC: AA52 

NSN: 1305-01-470-2139 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 

Further Information: 

Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal NL Systems Integrator: (973) 724-6948 

Product Director :(973) 724-6086 

Color: 

Projectile .........................Black rubber 

Cartridge Case................Clear 

Diameter................................12 gauge 

Projectile ...............................18 rubber balls 

Length ...................................2.37 inches (60.2 mm) 

Total Weight..........................500 grains (32.4 gm) 

Propellant Weight.................14 grains smokeless (Red Dot) 

Muzzle Velocity.....................900 feet/second (274 m/sec) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........80 % accuracy for a 2-by-3-meter target at 10 and 20 meters fired 

out of Mossberg 500, Mossberg 590, and Winchester 1200 

Engagement range...............10 to 20 meters 

Projectile Specification: 

Shape...............................32-gauge (0.32 in) ball 

Material............................PVC rubber compound 

Weight..............................0.01 ounces (0.25 gm) 

Hardness .........................75 Durometer “A” Scale 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 32.8 feet (10 m) 

• At distances of 10 to 20 meters, target area should be center mass 

• Training needs to reinforce that head shots are NOT ACCEPTABLE 

Figure B-15. M1013, 12-Gauge Shotgun: Nonlethal, Crowd Dispersal Cartridge 
B-16 

M1029, 40-mm Nonlethal Crowd Dispersal Grenade 

Using Services: U.S. Army 

Status: Type Classified May 2001 

DODIC: BA13 

NSN: 1310-01-475-0628 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 

Further Information: 

Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal NL Systems Integrator: (973) 724-6948 

Product Director: (973) 724-6283 

Color: 

Projectile .........................Black rubber 

Cartridge Case................Aluminum 

Diameter................................40 millimeter 

Projectile ...............................48 rubber balls 

Length ...................................4.8 inches (12.2 cm) 

Total Weight..........................202.22 grams (7.0 oz) 

Propellant Weight.................8.5 grains smokeless 

Muzzle Velocity.....................450 feet/second 

Acceptance Accuracy..........> 90 % hit accuracy 4 out of 5 (shoulder to shoulder) E-silhouettes 

target at 30 meters and when fired from an M16A2/M203 or a 

M4/M203 

Projectile Specification: 

Shape ................................48-gauge ball (.48 in diameter) 

Material..............................Rubber 

Weight ...............................1.3 grams (.046 oz) 

Hardness...........................Durometer 60, scale “A” 

• Fatal injuries are possible at employment distances of less than 32.8 feet (10 m) 

• At distances of 10 to 30 meters, target area should be center mass of group of 

individuals 

• Round is most effective when used to disperse groups of individuals 

Figure B-16. M1029, 40-mm Nonlethal Crowd Dispersal Grenade 
B-17

L96A1*, Grenade, Discharger: Antiriot, Irritant, CS 

Using Services: U.S. Army, USMC 

Status: Materiel Release, 4 January 2002 

DODIC: FZ14 

NSN: 1330-01-459-4018 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 

Further Information: 

Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal NL Systems Integrator: (973) 724-6948 

Project Officer: (410) 436-2139 

Color ......................................Light gray with red and brown bands 

Diameter................................66 millimeters 

Projectile ...............................23 canisters filled with CS compound 

Length ...................................185 millimeters (7.28 in) 

Total Weight..........................568 grams (1.25 lbs) 

Propellant Weight................. 3.8 grams (.008 lbs) 

Muzzle Velocity..................... 35.8 meters/second (117.5 ft/s) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........65 to 95 meters 

Deployment Range...............65 to 95 meters 

Projectile Specification: 

NOTE: It is not accurate to refer to the submunitions of the L96A1 grenade as projectiles. The 

antiriot material (CS) is released from the submunitions as they burn on the ground. 

Shape...............................Cylindrical 

Material............................Aluminum 

Weight..............................11.3 grams (.025 lbs) 

* The L97A1 Grenade is the training grenade for the L96A1 Grenade. 

Figure B-17. L96A1, Grenade, Discharger: Antiriot, Irritant, CS 
B-18 

L97A1, Grenade, Discharger: Antiriot, Practice 

Using Services: U.S. Army, USMC 

Status: Material Released, 4 January 02 

DODIC: FZ15 

NSN: 1330-01-459-4032 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, 

Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 

Further Information: 

Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal NL Systems 

Integrator: (973) 724-6948 

Project Officer: 

(410) 436-2139) 

Color ......................................Blue with brown and green bands 

Diameter................................66 millimeters 

Projectile ...............................23 canisters filled with Cinnamic Acid (CA) 

Length ...................................185 millimeters (7.28 in) 

Total Weight..........................568 grams (1.25 lbs) 

Propellant Weight.................3.8 grams (.008 lbs) 

Muzzle Velocity.....................35.8 meters/second (117.5 ft/s) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........65 to 95 meters 

Deployment Range...............65 to 95 meters 

Projectile Specification: 

NOTE: It is not accurate to refer to the submunitions of the L97A1 grenade as projectiles. The 

antiriot, practice material (CA) is released from the submunitions as they burn on the ground. 

Shape...............................Cylindrical 

Material............................Aluminum 

Weight..............................11.3 gram (.025 lbs) 

• CA smoke can cause irritation to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Personnel 

entering a CA cloud must wear appropriate face protection such as an M17- or M40-

series protective mask. 

• The burning grenade canisters could start a fire in dry grasses. Keep fire extinguisher 

available. 

• During firing training, personnel within 16 meters must wear single hearing protection. 

This includes personnel within vehicle. 

• Do not fire grenades when personnel or equipment are within 150 meters covering a 

90-degree arc around a firing discharger. 

• Do not fire grenades at the 50- or 75-meter position on the M315 adjustable aiming 

bracket. Fire only at the 100-meter setting. 

Figure B-18. L97A1, Grenade, Discharger: Antiriot, Practice 
B-19

Grenade, Launcher: Nonlethal, Distraction, M98 

Using Services: U.S. Army, USMC 

Status: Type Classified, 17 October 2001 

DODIC: FZ16 

NSN: 1330-01-484-7773 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, Picatinny 

Arsenal, NJ 

Further Information: Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal 

NL Systems Integrator: 

(973) 724-6948 

Project Officer: (410) 436-2139 

Color ......................................Green and black with brown band 

Diameter................................66 millimeters 

Projectile ...............................3 bursting submunitions, with pyrotechnic charges for audio and 

visual stimuli 

Length ...................................25.25 centimeters (9.94 in) 

Total Weight..........................725.7 grams (1.6 lbs) 

Propellant Weight.................5.0 grams (.011 lbs) 

Muzzle Velocity.....................48.9 meters/seconds (160.4 ft/s) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........100 to 120 meters 

Deployment Radius..............10 to 15 meters 

Projectile Specification: 

NOTE: It is not accurate to refer to the submunitons of the M98 grenade as projectiles. These 

submunitions are ground bursting and the payload of inert ballast is just for flight stabilization 

and to deliver the audio/visual stimuli to the required range. 

Filler.................................Inert Ballast 

• There is a remote chance of starting a fire. Keep fire extinguisher available. 

• Personnel within 17 meters of a firing discharger must wear single hearing protection. 

This includes personnel within vehicle. 

• Avoid looking directly at a bursting grenade; it could result in temporary loss of vision, 

lasting 2 to 5 minutes. 

• Personnel within 35 meters of an operating launcher or 0.5 meters of a bursting 

canister should wear safety or ballistic-type eye protection, military clothing with long 

sleeves and elevated shirt collar, and helmet headgear. 

• Do not handle or load M98s within 50 meters of a frequency transmitter emitting at 

175 MHz, 448 MHz, 503 MHz and 1430 MHz. 

• Do Not fire grenades when personnel or equipment are within 160 meters covering a 

90-degree arc around a firing discharger. 

Figure B-19. Grenade, Launcher: Nonlethal, Distraction, M98 
B-20 

M99, Grenade, Launcher: Nonlethal, Blunt Trauma 

Using Services: U.S. Army, USMC 

Status: Type Classified—17 October 2001 

DODIC: FZ17 

NSN: 1330-01-484-7775 

Acquisition Activity: Acquisition Center, Picatinny Arsenal, 

NJ 

Further Information: 

Commercial: Picatinny Arsenal NL Systems Integrator: 

(973) 724-6948 

Project Officer: (410-436-2139) 

Color ......................................Green and black with brown band 

Diameter................................66 millimeters 

Projectile ...............................3 bursting submunitions, each with 140 balls 

Length ...................................25.25 centimeters (9.94 in) 

Total Weight..........................725.7 grams (1.6 lbs) 

Propellant Weight.................5.0 grams (.011 lbs) 

Muzzle Velocity.....................48.9 meters/second (160.4 ft/s) 

Acceptance Accuracy..........100 to 120 meters 

Deployment Radius..............5 to 10 meters 

Projectile Specification: 

NOTE: It is not accurate to refer to the submunitions of the M99 grenade as projectiles. These 

submunitions are ground bursting and the payload of inert ballast is just for flight stabilization 

and to deliver the audio/visual stimuli to the required range. 

Shape...............................32-caliber (5/16 in) ball 

Material............................PVC 

Weight..............................0.40 grams (.014 oz) 

Hardness .........................90 Durometer 

• There is a remote chance of starting a fire. Keep fire extinguisher available. 

• Personnel within 17 meters of a firing discharger must wear single hearing protection. 

This includes personnel within vehicle. 

• Avoid looking directly at a bursting grenade; it could result in temporary loss of vision, 

lasting 2 to 5 minutes 

• Personnel within 35 meters of an operating launcher or 0.5 meters of a bursting 

canister should wear safety or ballistic-type eye protection, military clothing with long 

sleeves and elevated shirt collar, and helmet headgear. 

• Do not handle or load M98s within 50 meters of a frequency transmitter emitting at 175 

MHz, 448 MHz, 503 MHz and 1430 MHz. 

• DO NOT fire grenades when personnel or equipment are within 160 meters covering a 

90-degree arc around a firing discharger. 

• To minimize risk of eye injury, use the M99 primarily against crowds of adults. 

Figure B-20. M99, Grenade, Launcher: Nonlethal, Blunt Trauma 
C-1

Appendix C 

Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course 

1. Introduction 

This appendix provides an overview of the Interservice Nonlethal Individual 

Weapons Instructor Course (INIWIC). The INIWIC is a “train-the-trainer” course 

taught in 15 subcourses and divided into four sections. Section I provides INIWIC 

descriptive data that includes the purpose, scope, peacetime and mobilization training requirements, student prerequisites, and equipment/ammunition requirements 

necessary to successfully complete the course. Section II lists the total training days 

and hours required per academic subcourse. Section III gives a detailed description 

of each subcourse and terminal learning objectives that each student must meet to 

complete the course. Section IV is a listing of 15 annexes that comprise the INIWIC 

Program of Instruction (POI). Access the entire INIWIC, with history, updates, and 

lesson plans at the following Internet address: 

http://www.wood.army.mil/mcdet/niwic/niwic.htm. 

2. Course Descriptive Data 

a. Course Title: Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course 

b. Location: Marine Corps Detachment, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri 

c. Marine Corps service school code: A16H5A3 

d. Other service course number: USAF—L5AZA3P071019 

e. Military assistance program articles and service list number: P166810 

f. Purpose: To certify selected DOD/DOT service persons as nonlethal 

individual weapons instructors. 

g. Scope: This is a train-the-trainer course designed for E-4s and above. The 

objective of this course is to prepare students to train individuals and groups in the 

utilization and employment of NLW and to serve as the unit NLW subject matter 

expert. This course is designed for all occupational specialties. 

h. Length: 10 training days 

i. Curriculum Breakdown: 100 total hours. 

(1) 2.00 Demonstration. 

(2) 24.00 Demonstration/practical exercise. 

(3) 22.50 Lecture. 

(4) 5.00 Lecture/demonstration. 

(5) 4.00 Live-fire exercise. 

(6) 26.50 Practical application. 

(7) 6.00 Performance exam. 

(8) 4.00 Written exam. 

(9) 6.00 Administrative time. 
C-2

j. Maximum Class Capacity: 30. 

k. Optimum Class Capacity: 25. 

l. Minimum Class Capacity: 15. 

m. Class Frequency: 12. 

n. Prerequisites: Students must be selected by commanders to be nonlethal 

weapons instructors and be an E-4 or above. 

o. MOS Received: None. 

p. Quota Control: Formal Schools Branch, Training and Education Command, 

Quantico, Virginia. 

q. Funding: Service or command funded. 

r. Reporting Instructions: All students report with orders to the Fort Leonard 

Wood, Missouri, Billeting Office, Bldg # 470 no later than 2400 on the day prior to 

class convening. Government quarters are available; however, messing is not. 

s. Instructor Staffing: Two USMC instructors and two U.S. Army instructors. 

t. School Overhead: Course OIC and chief instructor 

Training Support: Training support is provided by the USMC for all common 

training support items. Service-specific training items are provided by the 

respective service. 

Table C-1. Required Equipment For INIWIC 

Item Quantity 

Personnel Protectors: 

Non-Ballistic Riot Face Shield 40 

Non-Ballistic Full Length Riot Shield 40 

Non-Ballistic Shin Guards 40 

Ballistic Riot Face Shield 20 

Ballistic Full Length Riot Shield 20 

Ballistic Shin Guards 20 

Kevlar Helmets 40 

Flak Jacket/Body Armor 40 

Personnel Effectors: 

Disposable Handcuffs (Flex Cuffs) 300 

12-Gauge Area (rubber ball) 1400 

12-Gauge Beanbag 1400 

12-Gauge Fin Stabilized 1400 

12-Gauge Flash-bang 1400 

12-Gauge OO Buck xxxx 

12-Gauge 7 1/2 shot xxxx 

12-Gauge Launching Cup Cartridge 1400 

40-mm Area (rubber ball) 1400 

40-mm Foam Baton (3 foam sub-munitions) 1400 

40-mm Sponge Grenade 1400 

MK141 Diversionary Grenade 600 
C-3

Table C-1. Required Equipment For INIWIC 

Item Quantity 

M84 Reloadable Diversionary Grenade 600 

Sting Ball Hand Thrown or Shot launched Grenade 600 

Mossberg 500A2 Shotgun Launch Cup 15 

M203 Grenade Launcher 15 

Mossberg 500 3” Shotgun 15 

36” Riot Oak Baton w/Belt Ring 40 

Monadnock® 24-36” Expandable Baton w/holster 40 

M36 RCA Dispenser 40 

Mk-4 Personal OC Dispenser 40 

Mk-9 Team OC Dispenser 40 

Mk-46 High Capacity High Output OC Dispenser 20 

MK-46 Hardware Kit (Refill Kit) 10 

M33A1 Squad Riot Control Agent Dispenser 10 

Modular Crowd Control Munitions Ground Emplaced (MCCM-GE) 20 

66-mm Vehicle Launched Nonlethal Grenade (VLNLG) 3 

66-mm NL munitions 30 

Mission Enhancers: 

Portable Bullhorn 5 

40-mm Carrying Pouch 40 

Diversionary Rubber Ball Grenade Pouch 40 

12-Gauge Butt Cuff carriers 40 

12-Gauge Utility 25-Round Pouch 40 

Mk-4 Individual Carrying Pouch 40 

Portable Public Address System w/Microphone 3 

12-Volt Hand-Held Spotlight 5 

Night Hunter High Intensity Light System w/Kit 5 

12-Gauge High Intensity Light Set 5 

Caltrops 5 

Road Side Spike Strip 5 

Portable Vehicle Arrest Barrier (PVAB) 3 

Training Devices: 

Impact Training Suit 6 

Striking Bags 15 

Training Batons (24 in) 40 

Training Batons (36 in) 40 

Practice Grenade Body 40 

Practice Grenade Fuse 540 

• OPFOR Training Munitions (foreign objects) xxxx 

• Target Requirements (full or partial torso) 40 

MK-4 Personal OC Dispenser (training) 300 

MK-9 Team OC Dispenser (training) 300 

Training Disposable Handcuffs (flex cuffs) 100 

12-Gauge Dummy Rounds 100 
C-4

Table C-2. INIWIC Class V Requirements 

Type #Per 

Student 

# Demo 

Rounds 

Total Per 

Class 

Total Per 

Year 

12-Gauge Area (rubber ball) 5 5 155 1400 

12-Gauge Beanbag 5 5 155 1400 

12-Gauge Fin Stabilized 5 5 155 1400 

40-mm Area (rubber ball) 5 5 155 1400 

40-mm Foam Baton 5 5 155 1400 

Sting Ball Hand Thrown or Shotgun 

Launched Grenades 

2 2 62 600 

MK141 Diversion Devices 2 2 62 600 

3. Training Days Summary 

This course consists of 10 training days. The curriculum is broken down into 

three categories. 

Table C-3. INIWIC Curriculum 

NLW Tactics Hours 

Force Continuum/ROE 2.00 

Crowd Dynamics/Control/Formations 14.00 

Communication Skills 2.00 

MOOTW 2.00 

Tactical Considerations 2.00 

22.00 

NLW Systems Hours 

Oleoresin Capsicum 4.00 

Empty Hand Control Techniques 19.00 

Riot Baton Techniques 8.00 

Nonlethal Munitions and Equipment 8.00 

Portable Vehicle Barrier 5.00 

66-mm Grenade Launcher 2.00 

Modular Crowd Control Munition 2.00 

48.00 

Nonlethal Weapons Instructor Hours 

Techniques of Military Instruction 10.00 

NLW Scenario Exercise 10.00 

20.00 

Subtotal = 90.00 

Examinations = 4.00 

Administration = 6.00 

Total Hours = 100.00 
C-5

4. Course Body 

The course body consists of 15 subcourses. A quick synopsis of each subcourse is 

included below. 

a. Instructor Development. This subcourse teaches and reinforces basic 

military instructor methodology. It identifies characteristics of good instructors and 

four ways they can improve their teaching ability. Additionally, it illustrates rules 

of conducting military instruction as well as the steps in planning a lesson and 

teaching classes. 

b. Force Continuum. This subcourse introduces the five levels of resistance 

as well as identifying the levels of the force continuum. It illustrates influencing the 

use of force decisions and the definitions relating to deadly force. Lastly, it identifies 

the three preconditions for deadly force and seven authorized occasions for use of 

deadly force. 

c. Crowd Dynamics/Crowd Control. This subcourse outlines the differences 

between crowds, mobs, and riots, and teaches the student basic crowd control 

techniques to apply in various situations. Upon completion, the student will be able 

to instruct others in both the behavioral aspects of a crowd during a civil 

disturbance and also various techniques of controlling a civil disturbance. It will 

identify factors that affect both individual and crowd behavior and it identifies all 

crowd control equipment needed, or essential, for mission accomplishment. 

d. Empty Hand Control Techniques. This subcourse identifies safety factors 

to consider when instructing empty hand control techniques by illustrating the four 

Ms (mind, mass, movement, muscle) of self-defense, psychomotor skills, and phases 

of psychomotor skills. It illustrates levels of training and identifies common 

pressure points of the human body. It identifies hinges, appropriate angles of 

approach, and recommended patterns of movement. Instructors will learn blocking 

techniques, striking skills, control holds, escort positions, and restraint devices. 

e. Baton Techniques. This subcourse identifies riot baton nomenclature and 

safety standards when conducting riot baton training. It identifies methods of 

teaching psychomotor skills and the phases of teaching psychomotor skills. It 

highlights baton-striking techniques, blocking techniques, and retention techniques. 

f. Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW). This subcourse defines 

operations other than war and the difference between MOOTW and declarations of 

war. It helps identify the primacy of political objectives and the strategic aspects of 

MOOTW. It illustrates the range of operations and the principles of operations, as 

well as the types of military operations other than war. 

g. Rules of Engagement (ROE). This subcourse defines ROE and specific 

terms that apply to these rules. It also defines the purpose of ROE and provides the 

student an understanding of policies underlying the need for ROE. It identifies 

three sources for ROE and the two parts of ROE that will not change. It explains 

how ROE relate to using and applying NLW. 

h. Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Training. This subcourse explains how the 

three levels of OC are created, as well as the nomenclatures for all aerosol canisters. 

It highlights the different spray patterns, methods of delivery, and cautions 

concerning the traumatic hydraulic needle effect. It explains employment 

considerations and the three levels of OC contamination. Additionally, it explains 

the physical and mental effects of OC and trains students on different grips, draw 

methods, and proper stances when employing OC. It explains procedures for 

decontamination, recovery, and first aid. 
C-6

i. Types of Formations. This subcourse explains the elements and individual 

responsibilities within a riot control formation. Additionally, it trains proper grip, 

balance, holding, and retention of the riot control shield. It highlights leadership 

requirements by teaching different commands and cadence for conducting riot 

control formations. It illustrates the different types of formations and the support 

elements of a riot control operation 

j. Tactical Considerations. This subcourse addresses the preparations 

necessary for crowd control operations and the graduated response of a crowd 

control force. It identifies support and information required from host nation police 

and civil authorities. It describes the employment measures of military forces in 

crowd control and MOOTW environments. It highlights the actions, optional 

measures, and guidance for using NLW in crowd control and MOOTW 

environments. 

k. Nonlethal Munitions and Employment. This subcourse identifies the 

types of nonlethal munitions and their intended purpose. It illustrates how 

nonlethal munitions fall within established “use of force” continuums. It identifies 

the types, characteristics, and ranges of all currently employed nonlethal munitions. 

l. Communications Skills. This subcourse identifies the areas of nonverbal 

communication employed to determine an individual's state of mind. This, along 

with an understanding of the importance of personal space, gives the student the 

tools to resolve conflict with the amount of force as applied in the force continuum. 

m. Portable Vehicle Arrest Barrier. This subcourse teaches the employment 

and maintenance of a force protection asset assigned to the nonlethal capability set. 

The PVAB is designed to stop a 7,500-pound vehicle going 45 mph. The PVAB 

protects gates and check points. 

n. Modular Crowd Control Munition. This subcourse teaches the 

employment of the MCCM; the nonlethal version of the claymore mine. The MCCM 

is a force protection asset designed to help protect static defensive positions or check 

points. 

o. M-315 66-mm Grenade Launcher. This subcourse teaches the installation, 

employment, and maintenance of the M-315. The M-315 increases the current 

maximum range of nonlethal sting ball munitions from approximately 50 meters to 

100 meters. Additionally, this weapons platform can deploy flash bangs, smoke, and 

CS munitions. 
D-1

Appendix D 

Sample: Unit Training Schedules/Firing Tables 

Nonlethal Individual Weapons Training Course Training Schedule: Unit Training 

Schedule Number 1. 

Training Day #1 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0800 Administration Time Classroom U1 

0830 Force Continuum Classroom U1 

1000 ROE Classroom U1 

1200 Chow Mess Hall U1 

1300 MOOTW Classroom U1 

1500 Communication Skills Classroom U1 

1700 Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

 

Transportation: 

Weapons: 

Ammunition: 

Required Equipment: 

Screen 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Televisions 

VCR 

Miscellaneous: 

All personnel are required to have a notebook, pencil, and pen. 

Handouts prepared and passed out. 
D-2

Training Day #2 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0800 Nonlethal Equipment Brief Classroom U1 

0900 Pressure Point Control Techniques/ 

Open Hand Control Techniques 

Classroom U1 

1000 Pressure Point Control Techniques/ 

Open Hand Control Techniques 

(Practical Application) 

PT Field U2 

1200 Chow 

1300 Pressure Point Control Techniques/ 

Open Hand Control Techniques 

(Practical Application) 

PT Field U2 

1700 Debrief/Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: 

Weapons: 

Ammunition: 

Required Equipment: 

Screen 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Flexicuffs (one set of cuffs per two students) 

Riot Training Bags (one bag per two students) 

Miscellaneous: 

All personnel are required to have a notebook, pencil, and pen. 

Handouts prepared and passed out. 

Medical personnel on station. 
D-3

Training Day #3 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0800 Pressure Point Control Classroom U1 

 Techniques/Open Hand Control 

Techniques 

Classroom U1 

0900 Pressure Point Control Techniques/Open 

Hand Control Techniques (Practical 

Application) 

PT Field U1 

1200 Chow 

1300 Pressure Point Control Techniques/Open 

Hand Control Techniques (Practical 

Application) 

PT Field U2 

1700 Debrief/Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: 

Weapons: 

Ammunition: 

Required Equipment: 

Screen 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Flex cuffs (one set of cuffs per 2 students) 

Riot Training Bags (one bag per 2 students) 

Miscellaneous: 

All personnel are required to have a notebook, pencil, and pen. 

Handouts prepared and passed out. 

Medical personnel on station. 
D-4

Training Day #4 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0800 Impact Weapons Classroom U1 

0900 Impact Weapons 

(Practical Application) 

PT Field U2 

1200 Chow 

1300 Impact Weapons 

(Practical Application) 

PT Field U2 

1700 Debrief/Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

 

Transportation: 

Weapons: 

Baton (one baton per 2 students) 

Training baton (one baton per 2 students) 

Ammunition: 

Required Equipment: 

Screen 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Flex cuffs (one set of cuffs per 2 students) 

Riot training bags (one bag per 2 students) 

Three (3) riot training suits 

Miscellaneous: 

All personnel are required to have a notebook, pencil, and pen. 

Handouts prepared and passed out. 

Medical personnel on station. 
D-5

Training Day #5 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0800 Impact Weapons 

(Practical Application) 

PT Field U2 

1000 Crowd Dynamics/Crowd Control Classroom U1 

1130 Chow 

1230 Crowd Dynamics/Crowd Control Classroom U1 

1330 Riot Control Formations Classroom U1 

1430 Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol 

Training 

Classroom U1 

1630 Debrief/Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: 

Weapons: 

Training baton (one baton per 2 students) 

Baton (one baton per 2 students) 

Ammunition: 

Inert OC for classroom instruction 

Required Equipment: 

Riot training bags (one bag per 2 students) 

Screen 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Three (3) riot training suits 

Miscellaneous: 

All personnel are required to have a notebook, pencil, and pen. 

Handouts prepared and passed out. 
D-6

Training Day #6 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0800 OC Aerosol Training 

(Practical Application) 

PT Field U2 

1200 Chow 

1300 OC Aerosol Training 

(Practical Application) 

PT Field U2 

TBD Debrief/Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: 

Weapons: 

Ammunition: 

MK 4.inert OC (one per student) 

MK 4 individual can OC (2 cans) 

Required Equipment: 

Five (5) large trash cans with liners 

Two (2) water hoses with running water 

Miscellaneous: 

Medical personnel on station. 
D-7

Training Day #7 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

 

0730 Movement to Range U4 

0800 Nonlethal Munitions and Employment Range 

Classroom 

U1 

1030 Chow Range 

1100 Safety Brief/Range Brief Range U4 

1130 Nonlethal Munitions (Live Fire) Range U4 

TBD Evening Chow 

TBD Safety Brief/Range Brief Range U4 

1800 Night Exercise Sun Set +30) Range U4 

TBD Debrief/Clean Up Range U1 

TBD Movement to Rear 

TBD Secure/ COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: Yes 

Weapons: 

Assigned Weapons 

Ammunition: 

12-gauge rubber ball 

12-gauge fin stabilized 

12-gauge bean bag 

12-gauge launching cup cartridge 

40-mm foam baton 

40-mm rubber ball 

40-mm sponge grenade 

Stingball grenades 

Required Equipment: 

Eight (8) 12-Gauge stinger launcher cup 

Fifteen (15) targets 

Eye and hearing protection 

Fifteen (15) full-length riot shields 

All students require munitions pouches, shin guards, 

face shields 

Two (2) MRE per student 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Three (3) high-intensity light 

Thirty (30) individual tactical lights 

Miscellaneous: 

Range safety officer. 

Medical personnel on station. 

Secondary means of communication (radios). 

Conduct operational risk assessment. 
D-8

Training Day #8 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0700 Movement to Training Area #1 U2 

0730 Portable Vehicle Arresting Barrier (PVAB) TA#1 U1 

0900 PVAB (Practical Application) TA#1 U2 

1200 Chow 

1300 PVAB (Practical Application) TA#1 U2 

1500 Debrief/Movement to Rear 

1530 Preventive Maintenance of PVAB 

1600 Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: Yes 

Weapons: 

Ammunition: 

Required Equipment: 

One (1) portable vehicle-arresting barrier (PVAB) 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Miscellaneous: 

(1) MRE per student. 
D-9

Training Day #9 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0730 Movement to Range U4 

0800 Modular Crowd Control MunitionGround Emplaced (MCCM-GE) Range 

Classroom 

U1 

0900 Safety Brief/Range Brief Range U4 

0930 MCCM-GE (Practical Application Range U4 

1030 Chow 

1130 Vehicle Mounted Nonlethal Grenade 

Launcher (VMNLGL) 

Range 

Classroom 

U4 

1300 VMNGL Range U4 

1730 Debrief/Movement to Rear 

1800 Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: Yes 

Weapons: 

Vehicle Mounted Nonlethal Grenade Launcher (VMNLGL) 

Ammunition: 

(2) MCCM-GE, (2) 66-mm Riot Control Training Grenade (L97E1) 

Required Equipment: 

Eye and ear protection 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Miscellaneous: 

Range safety officer. 

Medical personnel on station. 

Secondary means of communication. 

Two (2) MRE per student. 
D-10

Training Day #10 

Time Subject Location Uniform Instr Ref/Notes 

0700 Movement Down Range U4 

0730 Tactical Considerations MOUT Classroom U1 

0930 Safety Brief/Range Brief MOUT Facility U4 

1000 Tactical Exercise* 

(Practical Application) 

MOUT Facility U4 

1200 Chow 

1300 Tactical Exercise 

 (Practical Application) 

MOUT Facility U4 

1700 Debrief/Movement to Rear 

1730 Weapons Maintenance 

1800 Secure/COB 

Administration: 

Uniforms: 

U1: BDU/utility uniform 

U2: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness and canteens 

U3: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, and helmet 

U4: BDU/utility uniform with LBE/harness, canteens, flak jacket, helmet, and assigned weapon 

Transportation: Yes 

Weapons: 

Assigned weapon 

Inert OC individual (one per student) 

Training batons (one per student) 

Fifty (50) practice grenades 

Ammunition: 

Required Equipment: 

Three (3) riot training suit 

All students require munitions pouches, flex cuffs, shin guards, face shields 

Video projector with central processing unit 

Fifteen (15) full length riot shields 

Miscellaneous: 

Range safety officer. 

Medical personnel present. 

Secondary means of communication. 

(2) MRE’s per student. 
D-11

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS 

Marine Corps Detachment 

Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473 

1. LESSON DESIGNATOR: Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course 

(INWIC). 13A (INIWIC.13A) 

2. LESSON TITLE: Scenario Practical Exercise 

3. SCHOOL/COURSE: Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course 

4. STUDY ASSIGNMENT: Review course curriculum 

5. ESTIMATED TIME: 8 hours 

6. INSTRUCTORS REQUIRED: (1) primary, (1) alternate per ratio: 1:10 

7. INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES: INIWIC POI 

8. DATE PREPARED: September 2001 

9. PRESENTATION METHOD: Practical Exercise 

10. TRAINING AIDS: Warning Order and five paragraph operations order for exercise, 

rubber rifles/shotguns, batons, shields, Inert MK4 OC canister, 

bullhorn, radio 

11. STUDENT EQUIPMENT: (1) 782 gear 

 (1) Kevlar with face shield 

 (1) Shin guards 
D-12

5. Unit Training Schedule Number 2 

Table D-1. NLW Training Course 5-Day Training Schedule 

Day/date Time Event Location Instructor Notes 

Mon/07 Jan 02 0730-0745 Welcome Aboard Bldg RR202 MSgt Dixon 

T-1 0745-0845 Force Continuum SOTG TBD L 

 0900-1015 MOAB SOTG TBD L 

 1030-1130 OC SOTG TBD L 

 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

GySgt 

 1300-1400 OC Practical 

Application 

SOTG TBD PA 

 1400-1700 OC Certification SOTG TBD PA 

Tues/08 Jan 02 0730-0830 ROE SOTG TBD L 

T-2 0845-0945 Crowd Control SOTG TBD L 

 1000-1130 MDTS SOTG TBD L, PA 

 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

GySgt 

 1300-1700 MDTS SOTG TBD L, PA 

Wed/09 Jan 02 0730-1130 Batons SOTG TBD L, PA 

T-3 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company GySgt 

 1300-1500 Batons SOTG TBD L, PA 

 1500-1700 Formations SOTG TBD L 

 

Thurs/10 Jan 02 0730-1130 Formations SOTG TBD PA 

T-4 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

GySgt 

 1300-1700 Nonlethal 

Munitions/shotguns/

M2O3/sustainment 

training 

Square 

bay/M203 

TBD L, PA 

Fri/11 Jan 02 0730-1130 Nonlethal 

Munitions/stinger ball 

grenades/shotgun/M2

03 

Square 

Bay/M203 

TBD PA 

T-5 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

GySgt 

 1300-1700 Nonlethal 

Munitions/stinger ball 

grenades/shotgun/M2

03 

Nonlethal 

Range 1&2 

TBD PA 

Notes:

L = Lecture 

PA = Practical Application 

MDTS = Manadnock Defensive Tactics System 

MOAB = Management of Aggressive Behavior 

SOTG = Special Operations Training Group (USMC training unit) 
D-13

6. Sample Unit Training Schedule Number 3 

Table D-2. NLW Training Course 10-Day Training Schedule 

DAY/DATE TIME EVENT LOCATION INSTRUCTOR NOTES 

Mon/29 Oct 01 0730-0745 Welcome Aboard Bldg RR-202 MSgt Dixon 

T-1 0745-0845 Force Continuum PT Field Sgt Whitworth L 

 0900-1015 MOAB PT Field GySgt 

German 

L 

 1030-1130 OC PT Field Sgt Hoskins L 

 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1300-1400 OC Practical Application PT Field Sgt Hoskins PA 

 1400-1700 OC Certification PT Field Sgt Hoskins PA 

Tues/30 Oct 01 0730-0830 ROE PT Field Cpl Fewox L 

T-2 0845-0945 Crowd Control PT Field SSgt Parrish L 

 1000-1130 MDTS PT Field Sgt Johnson L, PA 

 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1300-1700 MDTS PT Field Sgt Johnson L, PA 

Wed/31 Oct 01 0730-1130 Batons PT Field Sgt Johnson L, PA 

T-3 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1300-1500 Batons PT Field Sgt Hoskins L, PA 

 1500-1700 Formations PT Field GySgt 

German 

L 

Thur/1 Nov 01 0730-1130 Formations PT Field Sgt Whitworth PA 

T-4 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1300-1700 Nonlethal Munitions Nonlethal Range 

1&2 

GySgt 

German 

L, PA 

Fri/2 Nov 01 0730-1130 Nonlethal Munitions Nonlethal Range 

1&2 

SSgt Parrish PA 

T-5 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1300-1700 Nonlethal Munitions Nonlethal Range 

1&2 

SSgt Parrish PA 

Mon/5 Nov 01 0730-1130 Nonlethal Grenades 

Formation Fire 

Nonlethal Range 

1&2 

GySgt 

German 

L, PA 

T-6 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1130-1700 Formation 

Fire/Sustainment 

Training 

Nonlethal Range 

1&2 

SSgt Blackler PA 

Tues/6 Nov 01 0730-0830 Introduction to MOOTW PT Field Maj Desy L 

T-7 0830-1130 Vehicle 

Checkpoints/Vehicle 

Searches 

PT Field Sgt Whitworth L, PA 

 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1300-1500 Vehicle PT Field SSgt Parrish PA 
D-14

Table D-2. NLW Training Course 10-Day Training Schedule 

DAY/DATE TIME EVENT LOCATION INSTRUCTOR NOTES 

Checkpoints/Vehicle 

Searches 

 1500-1700 Roadblocks/Personnel 

Searches 

PT Field SSgt Blackler L, PA 

Wed/7 Nov 01 0730-1130 Roadblock/Personnel 

Searches 

PT Field SSgt Blackler PA 

T-8 1130-1300 Noon Meal Mess Hall Company 

Gunny 

 1300 Operations Order Nonlethal 

Classroom 

MSgt Dixon Company 

Staff 

Thurs/8 Nov 01 0730-1000 Confirmation Brief PT Field Maj Desy 

T-9 1000-1200 Insert Combat Town SSgt Parrish 

 1200-0000 STX Combat Town SSgt Parrish 

Fri/9 Nov 01 0001-1200 STX Combat Town SSgt Parrish 

T-10 1200-1300 Cleanup/Debrief Combat Town Company 

Gunny 

 1300 Graduation Combat Town SOTG OIC 

Notes: 

L = Lecture 

PA = Practical Application 

MOAB = Management of Aggressive Behavior 

MDTS = Manadnock Defensive Tactics System 

STX = Situational Training Exercise 
E-1

Appendix E 

NLW Capability Sets 

This appendix provides the current NLW capability sets for the services. These sets 

continue to be upgraded and changed according to service needs and the availability of 

new technologies. The U.S. Army and USMC capability sets are standard for the service, while the USAF, USN, and USCG are still developing and fielding their sets. 

1. U.S. Army NLW Capability Set 

Table E-1 U.S. Army Nonlethal Capability Set (Version FY 2001) 

 Name Quantity Unit Cost Item Total 

GSAPMDK5X250AFHC Non-Ballistic Riot Face Shields 200 $42.50 $8,500.00 

GSAA TIPMBS9 Non-Ballistic Riot Body Shields Paulson 150 $88.50 $13,275.00 

GSAATIUSMCSG Non-Ballistic Riot Shin Guards 150 $60.00 $9,000.00 

PT702MTUSA Ballistic Face Shields 10 $246.00 $2,460.00 

PT2237 Ballistic Body Shields 10 $1,052.00 $10,520.00 

GSASF6SL Sure Fire Field Light 10 $185.82 $1,858.20 

MON2800 w/BCS-1 36” Hickory Riot Baton with Grommet 200 $15.50 $3,100.00 

EADBH Eagle Duty Baton Holder OD 200 $5.50 $1,100.00 

GSAATIA2M Portable Bullhorn 10 $82.00 $820.00 

AAPB35W1 Ground Mount Bullhorn 8 $815.00 $6,520.00 

AAPBWH10001 Megavox Wireless MIC 8 $0.00 $0.00 

AASS450 Megavox Stand 8 $0.00 $0.00 

GSASF6P Individual High Intensity Light 15 $42.74 $641.10 

GSAATIEATAVLFP6POD Eagle Sure Fire 6P Holster 15 $8.75 $131.25 

GSASFP60 Individual High Intensity Light Accessory 

Kit 15 $12.53 $187.95 

XENNCSUSA High Intensity Light 8 $2,795.00 $22,360.00 

NIKFLEXCUFF Disposable Forearm/Ankle Cuffs (Single) 1000 $0.70 $700.00 

NIKCUTTER Flex Cuff Cutters 2 $9.00 $18.00 

GSAATIEAMK4 MK-4 Pouch OD 200 $6.75 $1,350.00 

GSADEF5149 Inert Individual Training (OC) Dispenser 200 $6.07 $1,214.00 

GSASF622 12-Gauge Shotgun High Intensity Light 50 $139.65 $6,982.50 

GSAATIEAUPMS 12-Gauge Utility (25-Round) Pouch 50 $23.65 $1,182.50 

GSAATISSSCQTR 12-Gauge Buttcuff Carrier (6-Round) 50 $10.75 $537.50 

GSAATISASDD60D Diversionary/Sting Ball Grenade Pouch 25 $47.25 $1,181.25 

GSAATIEA40MM6 40-mm Carrying Pouch 100 $13.65 $$1,365.00 

GSAATIRSC3 Caltrop 250 $10.50 $2,625.00 

GSAATIFS333 Riot Training Suit with Accessories 4 $638.50 $2,554.00 

GSAMONUTB Riot Training Bag 10 $80.00 $800.00 

BNCCELLS C-Cell Batteries 0 $1.00 $0.00 

BNAAACELLS AA Batteries 0 $0.75 $0.00 

GSASFDL123A 3V Lithium Batteries 0 $2.85 $0.00 

BN9V 9V Batteries 0 $2.00 $0.00 

ATIPMI Packaging Marking and Integration Fee $20,300.00 

 Hardware Tools Item Total $125,683.25 

 U.S. Army NLW Capability Set 5 $125,683.25 $628,416.25 
E-2

2. USMC Nonlethal Weapons Capability Set 

a. USMC NLW Company-Size Set 

Table E-2 U.S. Marine Corps FY02 Company-Size Nonlethal Capability Set 

TAMCN C41202E NSN 9999-01-464-2285 SET A (Company Size) 

NSN/Product ID Name Quantity Unit cost Item Total 

GSAATINCSPMDK5 Non-Ballistic USMC Riot Face Shields (S/R) 200 $42.50 $8,500.00 

GSAATIPMBS9 Non-Ballistic Riot Body Shields Paulson 60 $88.50 $5,310.00 

GSAATIUSMCSG Non-Ballistic Riot Shin Guards 200 $60.00 $12,000.00 

GSAATI23/36 USMC 23"/36" Riot Baton (Expandable) (w/Holster) 200 $73.25 $14,650.00 

GSAATITRAINING 

BATON USMC Riot Baton (Practice) (Price TBD) 200 $20.00 $4,000.00 

GSAATIA2M Portable Bullhorn 12 $82.00 $984.00 

GSAATIDC/W USMC Disposable Handcuffs 400 $0.94 $376.00 

GSAATIDC/T USMC Disposable Handcuff Training Device 100 $0.94 $94.00 

GSAATIEAMK4 MK-4 Pouch OD 200 $6.75 $1,350.00 

GSADEF5049 MK-4 Individual Live (OC) Dispenser (Pepper Spray) 200 $7.29 $1,458.00 

GSADEF5099 MK-9 Live Squad (OC) Dispenser (Pepper Spray) 40 $26.20 $1,048.00 

GSATIEAMK9 MK-9 Pouch OD 40 $11.00 $440.00 

GSAATIDEF5846L MK-46 Live (OC) (Horizontal) (Pepper Spray) 12 $300.00 $3,600.00 

GSAATIDEF1515 MK-46 Sling 12 $30.25 $363.00 

GSAATIDEF5520 MK-46 Hardware Kit 4 $68.50 $274.00 

GSAATIDEF5546 MK-46 Refill Unit (OC) Live (Pepper Spray) 4 $46.25 $185.00 

GSADEF5149 MK-4 Inert Individual Training (OC) Dispenser 200 $6.07 $1,214.00 

GSADEF5199 MK-9 Inert Squad Training (OC) Dispenser 40 $20.10 $804.00 

GSAATIDEF5946L MK-46 Inert Training (OC) (Horizontal) (w/Dye) 12 $240.00 $2,880.00 

GSADEF5546I MK-46 Refill Unit (OC) Inert Training (w/Dye) 4 $27.50 $110.00 

GSAATIFS333 Riot Training Suit w/Accessories (F.I.S.T.) 12 $638.50 $7,662.00 

GSAMONUTB Riot Training Strike Bag 24 $80.00 $1,920.00 

GSAATIRSC3 Caltrop 400 $10.50 $4,200.00 

TBD Stinger Road Side Spike Kit (15.5') (Price TBD) 12 

XENNLCSUSMC High Intensity Light (Xenonics) 6 $2,975.00 $17,850.00 

GSAATIEATAVLFP6POD Eagle Sure Fire 6P Holster 60 $8.75 $525.00 

GSASF6P Individual High Intensity Light 60 $42.74 $2,564.40 

GSASFP60 Individual High Intensity Light Accessory Kit 30 $12.53 $375.90 

GSASFDL123A 3V Lithium Batteries 120 $2.85 $342.00 

GSAATISSSCQTR 12-Gauge Buttstock Cuff 36 $10.75 $387.00 

GSAATIEAUPMS 12-Gauge Utility (25-Round) Pouch 72 $23.65 $1,702.80 

GSAATIEA40MM6 40-mm Carrying Pouch 36 $13.65 $491.40 

GSAATISASDD60D Diversionary/Sting Ball Grenade Pouch 60 $47.25 $2,835.00 

CSI9512 12-Gauge Launching Cup (Availability and Price TBD) 36 

1005-01-371-5639/ 

1005-01-251-8578 

12-Gauge Mossberg 500A2 / 590 Shotgun 

 36 $250.00 $9,000.00 

ATIPMI Packaging Marking and Integration Fee $11,578.00 

 Hardware Totals Item Total $121,073.50 
E-3

b. USMC NLW Platoon-Size Set 

Table E-3 USMC FY02 NLW Capability Set—Platoon Size 

TAMCN C41202E NSN 9999-01-464-2285 SET B (Platoon Size) 

NSN/Product ID NAME Quantity Unit Cost Item Total

GSAATINCSPMDK5 **Non-Ballistic USMC Riot Face Shields (S/R) 50 $42.50 $2,125.00 

GSAATIPMBS9 Non-Ballistic Riot Body Shields Paulson 15 $88.50 $1,327.50 

GSAATIUSMCSG Non-Ballistic Riot Shin Guards 50 $60.00 $3,000.00 

GSAATI23/36 

USMC 23"/36" Riot Baton (Expandable) 

(w/Holster) 50 $73.25 $3,662.50 

GSAATITRAINING BATON USMC Riot Baton (Practice) (Price TBD) 50 $20.00 $1,000.00 

GSAATIA2M Portable Bullhorn 3 $82.00 $246.00 

GSAATIDC/W USMC Disposable Handcuffs 100 $0.94 $94.00 

GSAATIDC/T USMC Disposable Handcuff Training Device 25 $0.94 $23.50 

GSAATIEAMK4 MK-4 Pouch OD 50 $6.75 $337.50 

GSADEF5049 MK-4 Individual Live (OC) Dispenser (Pepper 

Spray) 50 $7.29 $364.50 

GSADEF5099 MK-9 Live Squad (OC) Dispenser (Pepper Spray) 10 $26.20 $262.00 

GSATIEAMK9 MK-9 Pouch OD 10 $11.00 $110.00 

GSAATIDEF5846L MK-46 Live (OC) (Horizontal) (Pepper Spray) 3 $300.00 $900.00 

GSAATIDEF1515 MK-46 Sling 3 $30.25 $90.75 

GSAATIDEF5520 MK-46 Hardware Kit 2 $68.50 $137.00 

GSAATIDEF5546 MK-46 Refill Unit (OC) Live (Pepper Spray) 2 $46.25 $92.50 

GSADEF5149 MK-4 Inert Individual Training (OC) Dispenser 50 $6.07 $303.50 

GSADEF5199 MK-9 Inert Squad Training (OC) Dispenser 10 $20.10 $201.00 

GSAATIDEF5946L MK-46 Inert Training (OC) (Horizontal) (w/Dye) 3 $240.00 $720.00 

GSADEF5546I MK-46 Refill Unit (OC) Inert Training (W/Dye) 2 $27.50 $55.00 

GSAATIFS333 Riot Training Suit W/Accessories (F.I.S.T.) 3 $638.50 $1,915.50 

GSAMONUTB Riot Training Strike Bag 3 $80.00 $240.00 

GSAATIRSC3 Caltrop 50 $10.50 $525.00 

TBD Stinger Road Side Spike Kit (15.5') (Price TBD) 3 

XENNLCSUSMC High Intensity Light (Xenonics) 4 $2,975.00 

$11,900.0

0 

GSAATIEATAVLFP6POD Eagle Sure Fire 6P Holster 50 $8.75 $437.50 

GSASF6P Individual High Intensity Light 50 $42.74 $2,137.00 

GSASFP60 Individual High Intensity Light Accessory Kit 25 $12.53 $313.25 

GSASFDL123A 3V Lithium Batteries 100 $2.85 $285.00 

GSAATISSSCQTR 12-Gauge Buttstock Cuff 15 $10.75 $161.25 

GSAATIEAUPMS 12-Gauge Utility (25 Round) Pouch 30 $23.65 $709.50 

GSAATIEA40MM6 40-mm Carrying Pouch 50 $13.65 $682.50 

GSAATISASDD60D Diversionary/Sting Ball Grenade Pouch 50 $47.25 $2,362.50 

CSI9512 12-Gauge Launching Cup (Availability and Price 

TBD) 15 

1005-01-371-5639/ 

1005-01-251-8578 12-Gauge Mossberg 500A2 / 590 Shotgun 15 $250.00 $3,750.00 

ATIPMI Packaging Marking and Integration Fee $3,000.00 

 Hardware Totals 

 

Item Total $43,471.25 

** Riot shield. Marine Corps security forces are currently evaluating to use in conjunction with each other as listed 

below. They are not currently deployed but are undergoing field evaluation. 

(1) The six feet Armadillo Interlocking Shield for the hard baseline. 

(2) The four feet.. Armadillo Interlocking Shield for the soft baseline. 
E-4

3. USN NLW Capability Set 

a. The USN is in the process of developing NLW capabilities and capability sets.∗

The sets will support the specific areas of operation, mission, and/or user. 

b. The first version will address the force protection mission and will be based on 

other service-approved items and some longer-range commercial-off-the-shelf items 

currently being upgraded for military use. The mobile security forces, master at arms, 

and shipboard force protection units are the targeted users. 

c. A notional capability set for the Mobile Security Forces is listed below. 

Table E-4. Notional USN Capability Set 

Name 

Nomenclature (Mfr. 

Representative) Quantity Unit Cost 

Case 

Size Cost Extended

Fin Stabilize Round 1 Case $5 100 $400 

Stingshot 1 Case $5 100 $400 

Shotbag 1 Case $5 100 $450 

Flamethrower Round 1 Case $8 100 $750 

Tactical Blast Bursting 

Round 1 Case $7 100 $650 

Ultraflash Bursting 

Round 1 Case $8 100 $750 

Launchable Stun 

Munition POP, Inc. T-444 1 Case $60 24 $1,440 

40-mm Sparkshot 1 Case $35 24 $840 

40-mm Stingshot 1 Case $25 24 $600 

40-mm Shotbag 1 Case $25 24 $600 

40-mm OC 1 Case $28 24 $660 

Stinger POP, Inc. I-452 1 Case $60 24 $1,440 

Stun POP, Inc. T-470 1 Case $55 24 $1,320 

Flash/Bang Multi POP, Inc. D-451 1 Case $65 24 $1,560 

OC POP, Inc. I-452 1 Case $65 24 $1,560 

12-Gauge Launching 

Blanks 200 $3 $600 

Grenade Training 

Rounds 12 $65 $780 

12-Gauge Training 

Rounds 24 $3 $72 

40-mm Training 

Rounds 12 $20 $240 

12-Gauge Shotguns Standard Issue/Modified 12 $1,000 $12,000 

12-Gauge Launching 

Adapter 6 $325 $1,950 

Face Shields 15 $100 $1,500 

Helmets 15 $200 $3,000 

 

∗

 In FY 01, the USN fielded an USMC capability set to Naval Air Station, Roosevelt 

Roads, Puerto Rico. 
E-5

Table E-4. Notional USN Capability Set 

Name 

Nomenclature (Mfr. 

Representative) Quantity Unit Cost 

Case 

Size Cost Extended

Tactical Vest 15 $300 $4,500 

Bullhorn 2 $100 $200 

Medical Kit 2 $50 $100 

Searchlights 2 $100 $200 

Field Pack 15 $100 $1,500 

Holsters/Belts 15 $50 $750 

Ordnance Packaging, 

Handling, Storage and 

Transportation 

(PHS&T) $1,500 

Misc. (Certification, 

Training and 

Documentation) $3,000 

Total Cost Basic Kit $45,312 

Table E-5. Notional USN Capability Set 

Name 

Nomenclature (Mfr. 

Representative) Quantity Unit Cost 

Case 

Size Cost Extended

Stingmore Mine (Std 

Body) with Rubber Ball 

Projectiles POP, Inc. I-454 24 $350 $8,400 

Stingmore Mine Stand 6 $100 $600 

Electric Firing Boxes 8 $35 $280 

Area Lighting $1,000 

Electric Generator $500 

Signs and Placards $500 

Personal NVGs and 

Opticals 6 $2,000 $12,000 

Additional PHS&T $2,000 

Misc. (Certification, 

Training and 

Documentation) $2,000 

Total Cost Augmented Basic Kit $27,280 

Total Cost (Basic plus Augment) $72,592 

Portable Vehicle 

Arresting Barrier U.S. Army 1 $40,000 $40,000 

Running Gear 

Entanglement System 

(RGES) NSWCDD 

1000 ft 

system $25,000 $25,000 

Antimaterial Round 

(USCG) 24 $12 $288 

Spike Strips 2 TBD 

Improved Sensor (s) 

RF TBD 
E-6

Table E-5. Notional USN Capability Set 

Name 

Nomenclature (Mfr. 

Representative) Quantity Unit Cost 

Case 

Size Cost Extended

IR TBD 

Acoustic TBD 

Chemical Detection SABRE 2000 1 $20,000 $20,000 

Ordnance Packaging, 

Handling, Storage and 

Transportation 

(PHS&T) $6,000 

Misc. (Certification, 

Training and 

Documentation) $2,000 

Total Cost Vehicle Supplement $93,288 

Total Cost Basic, Augmented, and Vehicle Supplement $165,880 

4. USAF NLW Capability Set 

Table E-6. USAF NLW Capability Set 

NSN Item Description EA Item $ Item Total

GSADEF5149 Inert Individual (OC) Training Dispenser 1 $6.07 $6.07 

GSADEF5846H Mid-Size Riot Control Dispenser (Chemical) 3 $318.75 $956.25 

GSADEF5546 Riot Control Dispenser (OC) Agent Quarts 1 $46.25 $46.25 

 12-Gauge Shotgun (Area CDC/Rubber Pellet) 36 $4.46 $160.56 

 12-Gauge Shotgun (Point/Fin Stabilized) 36 $2.85 $102.60 

CSI (USMC) GG04 Stun Hand (Sting Ball) Grenade 50 $35.00 $1,750.00 

M84 Stun Hand Grenade/Flash-Bang Device 50 $78.00 $3,900.00 

GSAPMDK5X/AF Non-Ballistic Face Shields 13 $29.50 $383.50 

GSAPMBS9 Non-Ballistic Full Length Riot Shield 13 $88.50 $1,150.50 

GSAUSMCSG Non-Ballistic Shin guards 13 $6.000 $780.00 

GSAATI23/36 36" Riot Baton w/Holster 13 $73.25 $952.25 

GSAA2 Portable Megaphone 1 $82.00 $82.00 

EAAFCUSTOM Tactical Vest Rough Estimate 3 $150.00 $450.00 

HARG700 Riot Control Gloves 13 $52.20 $678.60 

Champro Protective Cups 13 $7.25 $94.25 

 40-mm (Point) Sponge Round 54 $23.00 $1,242.00 

 40-mm (Area) Crowd Dispersal Cartridge Grenade 54 $22.00 $1,188.00 

GSAF333 Riot Baton Training Suit 1 $638.50 $638.50 
E-7

Table E-6. USAF NLW Capability Set 

NSN Item Description EA Item $ Item Total

MONDC/W Disposable Forearm/Ankle Cuffs (FLEX) 40 $0.94 $37.60 

GSADEF5049/ EA Individual (OC) Dispenser with Carrier 13 $7.29 $94.77 

 12-Gauge Utility Pouch 2 $24.00 $48.00 

 12-Gauge Buttstock Cuff 3 $11.00 $33.00 

 40-mm Carrying Pouch 2 $14.00 $28.00 

 Training Strike Bag 2 $80.00 $160.00 

 Cost of Clip-Lok Boxes $480.00 

Approximate freight shipped via commercial freight into CONUS $1,500.00 

 

 

Total Estimate $16,942.70 

Proposal to add TASERS to USAF Capability Set after testing. 

5. Notional USCG NLW Capability Set 

Table E-7. Notional USCG NLW Capability Set 

Reference: (a) COMDTINST M16247.1B Maritime Law Enforcement Manual (MLEM) 

 (b) Project Ericson Website 

Expandable Baton 

Restraint Devices Hand Cuffs, Flex Cuffs, Leg Irons, Migrant Restraint 

Harness 

Individual OC Spray 

Non-Ballistic Riot Face Shield 

Non-Ballistic Riot Body Shield 

 

Non-Ballistic Riot Shin Guard 

Running Gear Entanglement Systems 

The following information describes each of the components of the NLW capability 

set currently deployed by the USCG. (The USCG has not designated a standard set of 

nonlethal gear. The using unit determines the gear needs.) 

6. Restraint Devices 

a. Handcuffs are the preferred restraint devices when dealing with a small number 

of subjects. Handcuffs should be steel, chain-linked construction capable of being double 

locked, with nickel, blued, or stainless steel finish. 

b. Using flexible handcuffs for the temporary restraint of subjects is also 

authorized. Since they do not require a key and are relatively easy to apply, flexible 

handcuffs are particularly useful and appropriate when dealing with large numbers of 

subjects (e.g. migrants). 

c. Leg irons are authorized restraint devices and may be a preferred option for 

restraining subjects for extended periods of time. 

d. Migrant restraint harnesses are authorized when dealing with large numbers of 

subjects. 
E-8

7. Expandable Baton 

The expandable baton is the only intermediate weapon authorized for USCG personnel to carry. It should have a steel shaft that is silver in color and corrosion resistant (e.g. chrome, nickel, stainless steel) and have no knurling or sharp edges. It should 

have a foam or similar, non-slip grip. It should be rigid when deployed and must be no 

less than 15 inches and no greater than 22 inches when expanded. Spring loaded or 

other trigger style batons are not authorized. 

8. OC Pepper Spray 

Only chemical irritants containing the active ingredient OC are authorized for 

USCG personnel to carry. The aerosol must contain no greater than 10 percent and no 

less than 5 percent OC concentration. It shall have a water-based carrier, be nonflammable, nontoxic and produce a straight stream delivery (not fog). 

9. Helmet Riot Face Shield 

Comparable to DOD type. Not currently deployed. Undergoing field evaluation. 

10. Riot Shield 

Two shields are currently being evaluated. A 24 x 48 inches clear lexan weighing 14 

pounds and a smaller version measuring 20 x 36 inches. They are not currently deployed. Undergoing field evaluation. 
References-1

REFERENCES 

Joint 

JP 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 12 Apr. 2001 

JP 3-07, Joint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War, 16 Jun. 1995 

JP 3-07.3, JTTP for Peace Operations, 12 Feb.1999 

JP 3-57, Doctrine for Joint Civil-Military Operations, 8 Feb. 2001 

JP 3-58, Joint Doctrine for Military Deception, 31 May 1996 

JP 3-61, Doctrine for Public Affairs in Joint Operations, 14 May 1997 

JP 4-0, Joint Doctrine for Logistic Support of Joint Operations, 6 Apr. 2000 

Multi-Service 

FM 3-100.12, MCRP 5-12.1C, NTTP 5-03.5, AFTTP(I) 3-2.34, Risk Management for 

Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures, 15 Feb. 2001 

FM 3-31.1, MCWP 3-36, Army and Marine Corps Integration in Joint Operations, 21 Nov. 

2001 

Army 

AR 190-14, Military Police Carrying of Firearms and Use of Force for Law Enforcement and 

Security Duties, 12 Mar. 1993 

AR 350-38, Training Devices Policies and Management, 15 Oct. 1993 

AR 27-1, Judge Advocate Legal Services, 30 Sep. 1996 

FM 3-0, Operations, 14 Jun. 2001 

FM 3-05.30 (33-1), Psychological Operations, 19 Jun. 2000 

FM 19-15, Civil Disturbances, 25 Nov. 1985 

FM 27-10, The Law of Land Warfare, 18 Jul. 1956 

FM 100-19, Domestic Support Operations, 1 Jul. 1993 

TC 90-1, Training for Urban Operations, 1 Apr. 2002 

TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5, Force XXl Operations, A Concept for the Evolution of Full Dimensional Operations for the Strategic Army of the Twenty-First Century, 1 Aug. 1994 

TRADOC Pam 350-9, TRADOC Training Devices for Army wide Use, 30 Sep. 1993 

TRADOC Regulation 350-70, Systems Approach to Training Management, Processes, and 

Products, 9 Mar. 1999. 

TRADOC Regulation 385-2, chg.1, TRADOC Safety Program, 10 Oct. 2000. 

Marine Corps 

MCWP 3-33.4, Domestic Support Operations, Jul. 1993 
References-2

I MEF FMF, After Action Report—UNITED SHIELD, 7 Jun. 1995 

MCO 1510.112, Individual Training Standards for Nonlethal Weapons, 27 May 1998 

MCO 5500.6F, Arming of Security and Law Enforcement Personnel and the Use of Force, 20 

Jul. 1995 

MCRP 5-12.1A, The Law of Land Warfare. 

MCO 1630.4A, Law Enforcement and Physical Security Activities, 19 Jun. 1991. 

MCO 1510.114, Individual Training Standards (ITS) for Antiterrorism Force Protection 

(AT/FT) System, 30 Jan. 1998. 

MCWP 3-11.1, Marine Rifle Company, Feb. 1978 

MCRP 3-11.1A, Commander’s Tactical Handbook, 30 Jul. 1988. . 

MCWP 3-11.2 Marine Rifle Squad

Marine Corps Gazette, “Less-Lethal” Force in Operation UNITED SHIELD, Sep. 1995. 

Navy 

Naval Doctrine Publication 1, Naval Warfare (U), 28 Mar. 1994 

NWP 1-14M, The Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations, Oct. 1995 

SECNAVINST 5500.29B, Use of Deadly Force and the Carrying of Firearms by Personnel of 

the Department of the Navy in Conjunction with Law Enforcement Security Duties and 

Personal Protection, 29 Sep. 1992 

Air Force 

AFI 31-201, Security Police Standards and Procedures, 4 Dec. 2001 

AFI 31-207, Arming and Use of Force by Air Force Personnel, 1 Sep. 1999 

AFMAN 31-201V6, Civil Disturbance, 17 May 2002 

AFMAN 31-222, Security Forces Use of Force Manual, 1 Jun. 2001 

Coast Guard 

COMDTINST M16247.1B, Maritime Law Enforcement Manual, 9 Aug. 2001 

Other 

DODD 3000.3-R, Policy for Nonlethal Weapons, 9 Jul. 1996 

DODD 3025.1, Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA), 15 Jan. 1993 

DODD 5100.77, DOD Law of War Program, 9 Dec. 1998 

DODD 3025, I-M Manual for Civil Emergencies, 2 Jun. 1994

DODD 3025.12, Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances, 4 Feb. 1994 

DODD 3025.13, DOD Resources in Support of US Secret Service, 13 Sep. 1985 

DODI 5000.2, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, 5 Apr. 2002 
References-3

DODR 5000.1, Defense Acquisition, 23 Oct. 2000, Ch 1, 4 Jan. 2001 

DOD Joint Concept for Nonlethal Weapons, 5 Jan. 1998 

DODD 3025.12, Military Assistance for Civil Authorities, 18 Feb. 1997 

DODD 3025.16, Military Assistance for Civil Authorities Liaison Office (EPLO) Program,18 

Dec. 2000 

DODI 5000.2, Operation of the Defense Acquisition System, 5 Apr. 2002 

Mission Need Statement (MNS), Range of Nonlethal Force Capabilities (NLFC), 10 Oct. 

1996 

A Guide for Effective Peacetime Employment of Reserve Components Units and Individuals, 

OASD RA (M&P), Dec. 2000 

Defense and Intelligence Abbreviations and Acronyms, Nov. 1997 

Emergency Management Assistance Compact—Guide Book and Operating Procedures, National Emergency Management Association, Aug. 2000 

Inside the Navy, Marine Corps Nonlethal Weapons Experiment Underway at Camp Pendleton, CA, Vol. 9, No. 29, Jul. 22, 1996 

Military Support To Civil Authorities—Interagency Disaster Resource Guide, National Interagency Civil-Military Institute, Jan. 2001 

National Guard Bureau Military Support to Civil Authorities Lessons Learned, 6 Sep. 2000 

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended 42 USC 

1521, Jul.2001 

Joint Universal Lessons Learned System, Operation UNITED SHIELD 

Nonlethal Weapons Joint Mission Area Analysis/Joint Mission Needs Analysis, Dec. 2000 

Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course (INIWIC) Program of Instruction, Oct.2000 

Presidential Decision Directive PDD-39 U.S. Policy on Counterterrorism 21 Jun.1995

PDD-62 Combating Terrorism—Fact Sheet, 22 May 1998

The Federal Response Plan Notice of Change 7, Feb.1997; FEMA, Number 229 Change 11 

Federal Response Plan, Apr 1999 

Glossary-1

GLOSSARY 

PART I – ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 

A 

ACOG advanced combat optical gunsight 

ADS aerial delivery system 

AFDC Air Force Doctrine Center 

AFI Air Force instruction 

AFMAN Air Force manual 

ALSA Air Land Sea Application 

AMC Army Materiel Command 

AO area of operation 

AR Army regulation 

ATSC Army Training Support Center 

B 

bldg building 

BLT battalion landing team 

bn battalion 

C 

C4ISR command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, 

surveillance, and reconnaissance 

CA civil affairs 

cal caliber 

CANS compressed air net system 

CDC crowd disposal cartridge 

CMC Commandant of the Marine Corps 

COB close of business 

COC combat operations center 

COMDTPUB Commandant, Coast Guard Publication 

COMDTINST Commandant, Coast Guard Instruction 

CONUS continental United States 

COTS commercial off-the-shelf 

CP command post 

CQB close quarters battle 

CS O-Chlorobenzyl-Malononitrile (riot control agent (tear gas)) 

CSSOC combat service support operations center 

cu ft cubic feet 
Glossary-2

D 

DA Department of the Army 

dB decibel 

DECON decontamination 

demo demonstration 

DM designated marksman 

DOD Department of Defense 

DODD Department of Defense Directive 

DODI Department of Defense Instruction 

DODIC Department of Defense Identification Code 

DODAC Department of Defense Ammunition Code 

DOT Department of Transportation 

DP downed person 

DPB deployable pursuit boat 

DTD dated 

E 

EADBH Eagle Duty Baton Holder 

EEZ exclusive economic zone 

EOD explosive ordnance disposal 

F 

FAST Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team 

FDP food distribution point 

FLEX forearm/ankle cuff 

FM field manual 

four M’s mind, mass, movement, muscle 

FSE fire support element 

ft feet 

G 

G1 Army or Marine Corps component manpower or personnel 

staff officer (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps 

brigade or higher staff) 

G2 Army or Marine Corps component intelligence staff officer 

(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or 

higher staff) 

G3 Army or Marine Corps component operations staff officer 

(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or 

higher staff) 
Glossary-3

G4 Army or Marine Corps component logistics staff officer 

(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or 

higher staff) 

ga gauge 

GOTS government off-the-shelf 

H 

HMMWV high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle 

I 

IADS Integrated Air Defense System 

IAW in accordance with 

ID identify/identification 

IFF identification, friend or foe 

in. inch 

INIWIC Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor 

Course 

IPB intelligence preparation of the battlespace 

ITRO Interservice Training Organization 

J 

JMAA Joint Mission Area Analysis 

JTTP joint tactics, techniques, and procedures 

K 

KFOR Kosovo forces 

L 

LBE load-bearing equipment 

LOAC Law of Armed Conflict 

LP listening post 

LVOSS light visual optical screening system 

M 

M16 M16A2 rifle 

M203 M203 Grenade Launcher 

MARCORSYCOM Marine Corps System Command 

MCCDC Marine Corps Combat Development Command 

MCCM-GE modified crowd control munition—ground emplaced 

MCO Marine Corps Order 

MCPDS Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication System 

MCRP Marine Corps reference publication 
Glossary-4

MCSF Marine Corps security force 

MCWP Marine Corps warfighting publication 

MDST Monadnock Defensive Tactics System 

MEDEVAC medical evacuation 

MEF Marine expeditionary force 

METT-T mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

available – time available 

METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

available – time available and civil considerations 

MEU Marine expeditionary unit 

MIO Maritime interception operation 

MLEM Maritime Law Enforcement Manual 

MILSTRIP military 

mm millimeter 

MNS mission need statement 

MOAB management of aggressive behavior 

MOOTW military operations other than war 

MOS military occupational specialty 

MOUT military operations in urban terrain 

MP military police 

mph miles per hour 

MRE meal, ready to eat 

MTTP multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures 

N 

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

NAVSOP Navy standing operating procedures 

NDC Naval Doctrine Command 

NLFC nonlethal force capabilities 

NLW nonlethal weapon 

NSN national stock number 

NSWC Naval Surface Warfare Command 

NWDC Naval Warfare Development Command 

NWP Naval Warfare Publication 

O 

OC Oleoresin Capsicum 

OCAT Oleoresin Capsicum aerosol training 

OCONUS outside the continental United States 

OD olive drab 

OP observation post 
Glossary-5

OPFOR opposing force 

P 

PA public affairs 

PAO public affairs officer 

PASGT personnel armor system, ground troops 

POI program of instruction 

PSYOP psychological operations 

PT physical training 

PVAB portable vehicle arresting barrier 

PVC polyvinyl chloride 

Q 

QRF quick reaction force 

R 

R&D research and development 

RCA riot control agent 

RGES running gear entanglement system 

ROE rules of engagement 

RRF rapid reaction force 

S 

S1 battalion or brigade manpower or personnel staff officer 

(Army; Marine Corps battalion or regiment) 

S2 battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer (Army; Marine 

Corps battalion or regiment) 

S3 battalion or brigade operations staff officer (Army; Marine 

Corps battalion or regiment) 

S4 battalion or brigade logistics staff officer (Army; Marine 

Corps battalion or regiment) 

SASO stability and support operations 

SB shield bearer 

sec second 

SECNAVINST Secretary of the Navy instruction 

SG shotgun 

SJA staff judge advocate 

SNCO staff noncommissioned officer 

SOP standard operating procedure 

SOTG Special Operations Training Group 

SROE standing rules of engagement 

SSC small-scale contingency 
Glossary-6

T 

TC training circular 

TF task force 

T/O table of organization 

TOC tactical operations center 

TRADOC United States Army Training and Doctrine Command 

TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures 

U 

UN United Nations 

US United States 

USA United States Army 

USAF United States Air Force 

USAMPS United States Army Military Police School 

USCG United States Coast Guard 

USMC United States Marine Corps 

USN United States Navy 

USS United States Ship 

V 

VCR videocassette recorder 

VLNL vehicle launched nonlethal grenade 

VMNLGL vehicle mounted nonlethal grenade launcher 

W 

w/ with 

WMD weapons of mass destruction 

PART II – TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 

Air Force specialty code (AFSC). Primary job of a U.S. Air Force officer or enlisted 

person. Analogous to the Army and Marine Corps military occupational skill (MOS). 

area of operation (AO). An operational area defined by the joint force commander for 

land and naval forces. Areas of operation do not typically encompass the entire operational area of the joint force commander, but should be large enough for component 

commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. (JP 1-02) 

battalion landing team (BLT). In an amphibious operation, an infantry battalion 

normally reinforced by necessary combat and service elements; the basic unit for planning an assault landing. (JP 1-02) 

civil affairs. Designate active and Reserve Component forces and units organized, 

trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs activities and to support civilmilitary operations. (JP 1-02) 
Glossary-7

civil-military operations. The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, 

influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in a friendly, 

neutral, or hostile operational area in order to facilitate military operations, to consolidate and achieve operational U.S. objectives. Civil-military operations may include performance by military forces of activities and functions normally the responsibility of the 

local, regional, or national government. These activities may occur prior to, during, or 

subsequent to other military actions. They may also occur, if directed, in the absence of 

other military operations. Civil-military operations may be performed by designated 

civil affairs, by other military forces, or by a combination of civil affairs and other forces. 

(JP 1-02) 

combat service support. The essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks 

necessary to sustain all elements of operating forces in theater at all levels of war. 

Within the national and theater logistics systems, it includes, but is not limited to, that 

support rendered by service forces in ensuring the aspects of supply, maintenance, 

transportation, health services, and other services required by aviation and ground 

combat troops to permit those units to accomplish their missions in combat. Combat 

service support encompasses those activities at all levels of war that produce sustainment to all operating forces on the battlefield. (JP 1-02) 

command and control. The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the 

accomplishment of the mission. (JP 1-02) 

commercial off the shelf (COTS). Describes items procured for military use through 

civilian contractors. 

core capability. The set of functions that define a significant, stand-alone, operationally effective and suitable military capability such that, should no further development 

occur, the user will have received a significant capability. 

designated marksman (DM). A rifleman stationed in an overwatch position above 

friendly forces, armed with a standard infantry weapon appropriate to his service that 

is mounted with a high-powered scope and loaded with lethal ammunition. The designated marksman uses his vantage point to identify agitators to forces below, eliminate 

lethal threats, and monitor the battlefield. 

dispersion. A scattered pastern of hits around the mean point of impact of bombs and 

projectiles dropped or fired under identical conditions. In chemical and biological operations, the dissemination of agents in liquid or aerosol form. (JP 1-02) 

fleet Marine force (FMF). A balanced force of combined arms comprising land, air, 

and service elements of the U.S. Marine Corps. A fleet Marine force is an integral part 

of a U.S. Fleet and has the status of a type command. (JP 1-02) 

force protection. Security program designed to protect service members, civilian employees, family members, facilities, and equipment, in all locations and situations, accomplished through planned and integrated application of combating terrorism, physi-
Glossary-8

cal security, operations security, and personal protective services, and supported by intelligence, counterintelligence, and other security programs. (JP 1-02) 

government off-the-shelf (GOTS). Analogous to COTS, but describing items already 

procured by the U.S. government and ready for issue to military units. 

host nation. A nation that receives the forces and/or supplies of allied nations, coalition partners, and/or NATO organizations to be located on, to operate in, or to transit 

through its territory. (JP 1-02) 

intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB). An analytical methodology employed to reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy, environment, and terrain for all 

types of operations. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace builds an extensive database for each potential area in which a unit may be required to operate. The database 

is then analyzed in detail to determine the impact of the enemy, environment, and terrain on operations, and present it in graphic form. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace is a continuing process. Also called IPB. (JP 1-02) 

interrogator-translator team (ITT). Marine Corps unit, usually working as a small 

detachment to a larger infantry unit, highly trained in interrogation techniques and fluent in adversary native language. 

joint force commander. A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force. (JP 1-02) 

logistics. The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of 

forces. In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations which deal 

with: 

a. Design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel. 

b. Movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel. 

c. Acquisition of construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities. 

d. Acquisition of furnishing of services. (JP 1-02) 

low-intensity conflict. Political-military confrontation between contending states or 

groups below conventional war and above the routine, peaceful competition among 

states. It frequently involves protracted struggles of competing principles and ideologies. Low intensity conflict ranges from subversion to the use of armed force. It is 

waged by a combination of means employing political, economic, informational, and 

military instruments. Low-intensity conflicts are often localized, generally in the Third 

World, but contain regional and global security implications. 

NOTE: Also known as small wars or “brushfire wars,” low-intensity conflicts are rebellions, insurrections, and the like characterized by adversaries dedicated to a cause but 

lacking command and control structure and modern equipment. 

Marine expeditionary force (MEF). The largest of the Marine air-ground task force 

(MAGTF) and the Marine Corps principal warfighting organization, particularly for larger crisis or contingencies. It is task-organized around a permanent command element 

and normally contains one or more Marine divisions, Marine aircraft wings, and Marine 

force service support groups. The Marine expeditionary force is capable of missions 

across the range of military operations, including amphibious assault and sustained op-
Glossary-9

erations ashore in any environment. It can operate from a sea base, a land base, or 

both. Also called MEF. See also aviation combat element; combat service support element; command element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force 

(forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task 

force. (JP 1-02) 

maritime interception operation (MIO). Means by which an exclusion zone at sea 

is enforced. Involves the visit of merchant ships, by armed boarding parties if necessary, bound to, through, or out of a defined area, to examine each ship’s papers and 

cargo and to search for evidence of contraband. The provisions must be established by a 

sanctioning body and must be applied to ships of all nationalities. 

military operations other than war (MOOTW). Operations that encompass the use 

of military capabilities across the range of military operations short of war. These military actions can be applied to complement any combination of the other instruments of 

national power and occur before, during, and after war. (JP 1-02) 

military occupational specialty (MOS). Primary job of military officer or enlisted 

personnel. 

military operations in urban terrain (MOUT). All military actions planned and 

conducted on a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain where man-made 

construction is the dominant feature. It includes combat-in-cities, which is that portion 

of MOUT involving house-to-house and street-by-street fighting in towns and cities. 

military police (MP). Marine Corps and Army police forces designated by specific 

MOS. 

maritime pre-positioning force operation. A rapid deployment and assembly of a 

Marine expeditionary force in a secure area using a combination of strategic airlift and 

forward-deployed maritime pre-positioning ships. See also Marine expeditionary force; 

maritime pre-positioning ships (JP 1-02 and JP 4-01.6) 

nonlethal weapons (NLW). Weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. 

a. Unlike conventional weapons that destroy their targets through blast, penetration, and fragmentation, nonlethal weapons employ means other than gross physical 

destruction to prevent the target from functioning. 

b. Nonlethal weapons are intended to have one, or both, of the following characteristics: 

(1) They have relatively reversible effects on personnel or materiel. 

(2) They affect objects differently within their area of influence. (JP 1-02) 

nonlethal weapon capability set. A set of systems containing weapon systems, munitions, and protective equipment. The components are explicitly designed and primarily employed to provide additional protection to friendly personnel and to incapacitate 

hostile personnel or material, while minimizing fatalities or permanent injury to intended targets and minimal damage to property and the environment. They are not required to have zero probability of producing fatalities or permanent injuries but are designed and employed in a manner that significantly reduces those probabilities over the 
Glossary-10

traditional employment of currently fielded military weapon systems, munitions, and 

equipment.

nonlethal technology (N-LT). Synonymous with NLW, but also encompassing more 

advanced technology that is not yet available for use by military forces. 

Oleoresin Capsicum (OC). Also known as “pepper spray”, OC is made completely 

from organic materials and is FDA-approved for sale over-the-counter in the United 

States. Causes severe and immediate burning sensation to mucous membranes when 

sprayed into face, nose, and eyes. 

psychological operations (PSYOP). Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective 

reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, 

and individuals. The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator’s objectives. (JP 1-02) 

rules of engagement (ROE). Directives issued by competent military authority that 

delineate the circumstances and limitations under which U.S. forces will initiate and/or 

continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. See also law of war. (JP 1-

02) 

table of organization (T/O). Total manpower authorized for specific unit, organized 

by billet and rank. TO& E is a U.S. Army term which encompasses T/O and T/E. 

training aids and devices. Any item developed or procured with the primary intent 

to assist in training and learning. 

weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Weapons capable of a high order of destruction and/or of being used in such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people. 

Weapons of mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, biological, chemical, and 

radiological weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon 

where such means is a separable and deliverable part of the weapon. (JP 1-02) 
Index-1

Index 

A

Air Force Munitions Center, IV-3 

area of operations, II-2 

Army Materiel Command (AMC), IV-3 

Army Training Support Center (ATSC), IV-3 

asymmetric threats, I-3 

B

base element, V-21, V-22 

baton holders, V-21, V-22 

C

capability set, I-1, C-7, E-1, E-4 

casualties 

mitigating, II-1 

MOOTW, III-3 

noncombatant, I-1, I-3, III-2 

chaplain, V-19 

Chemical Weapons Convention, III-4 

civil affairs, IV-3 

civil disturbances, I-1, I-2, II-1 

collateral damage, ix, I-1, I-4, II-1, III-1, III-2, V-1 

combatants, I-2, III-1, V-1, VI-4 

commercial off-the-shelf (COTS), II-1, IV-3, A-14, A-15 

communication skills, IV-1, IV-2 

core capabilities, ix, III-2, V-2 

counter capability capabilities, III-3 

countercapability, III-2, V-2, V-3 

countermateriel, V-2, V-3 

countermateriel capabilities, III-3 

counterpersonnel, V-2, V-3 

counterpersonnel capabilities, III-2 

Crane Naval Weapons Center, IV-3 

crowd control 
Index-2

audio and visual stimuli, A-12 

communication device, A-2 

crowd dispersal cartridge (CDC), A-10 

crowd dynamics, C-6 

dispersing hostile, A-11 

formations, V-21 

handcuff, A-3 

munitions, A-11 

nonlethal, A-2 

restrictions, VI-1 

tactical considerations, C-7 

techniques, C-6 

crowd dispersal cartridge (CDC), A-10 

D

deadly force, I-3, V-24, VI-1, VI-2, VI-4, C-6 

denial options, V-1 

Department of Defense Directive (DODD), I-1, I-3, I-4 

Deploying Escort Team (Finish), V-40 

Deploying Escort Team (Start), V-39 

Deploying Soft Baseline, V-38 

designated marksman (DM), V-5, V-23 

disaster relief, I-2 

E

engineers, IV-3 

explosive ordnance detachments (EOD), IV-3 

F

fire support element (FSE), V-6 

force continuum, x, I-1, I-4, IV-2, IV-4, V-1, VI-1, VI-2, C-7 

force protection, I-1, I-3, I-4, III-1, III-2, IV-2, A-11, A-12, A-13, C-7, E-4 

G

G-1/S-1, V-18 

G-2/S-2, V-18 

G-3/S-3, V-18 

G-4/S-4, V-18 
Index-3

G-6/S-6, V-19 

government off-the-shelf (GOTS), ix, II-1 

H

homeland security, I-3, A-13 

humanitarian assistance, I-2, III-1 

I

identification of friend or foe (IFF), V-2, V-12 

impact weapons, IV-1, IV-2, D-4 

Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course (INIWIC), ix, IV-1, IV-3, 

VI-5, C-1, C-2, D-11 

Interservice Training Review Organization (ITRO), IV-1 

J

Joint Mission Area Analysis (JMAA), ix, III-2, III-3, V-2 

Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program, I-2 

L

Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC), IV-2 

lessons learned, i, x, VI-1, VI-3, VI-5 

lethal munitions, VI-2 

M

Marine Corps Detachment, xi, IV-1, C-1, D-11 

marking agents, V-4, V-12 

MCCM-GE Range Chart, A-12 

media, x, I-1, I-4, IV-3, V-2, V-5, V-7, V-9, V-10, V-12, V-14, V-15, V-18, V-19, VI-3, VI-5 

military operations 

armed resistance and local interference, V-19 

commanders, VI-2 

effectiveness and efficiency, I-5 

in urban terrain (MOUT), I-2, III-1, III-2 

lessons learned from, x 

other than war (MOOTW), I-1, I-2, II-1, III-1, III-3, C-6, C-7 

range of, ix, III-1, III-3, V-24, VI-5, VI-6 

rules of engagement (ROE), VI-5 

variety of missions, II-1 

military police, IV-3 
Index-4

mission enhancers, II-1 

mission planning, factors of, V-2 

mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available–time available and 

civil considerations dependent (METT-TC), V-21 

modified crowd control munition-ground emplaced (MCCM-GE), A-11, A-12, C-3, D-9 

modular crowd control munition (MCCM), C-7 

munitions 

advance distribution, V-2 

allocation, V-18 

blunt trauma, V-1, V-3 

classification, required, IV-3 

cover, V-22 

effective range, V-3 

environmental effects, V-20 

equipment, II-1, IV-3, V-19 

impact, V-20 

lethal, V-1, V-20 

maximum effect and minimum safe range, V-23 

nonlethal, II-2 

physical discomfort/incapacitate, V-1 

teams, V-22 

N

nonlethal capabilities, I-3 

noncombatants 

casualties, I-3, I-4, III-2 

core capabilities, III-2 

deadly force, I-4 

evacuations, I-2 

MOOTW, III-1 

nonlethal capabilities, V-1 

psychological operations, V-19 

vulnerable groups, I-2 

nonlethal capabilities, I-1, II-2, III-1, III-3, V-1, V-22, VI-4, VI-5, A-13 

nonlethal gunners, V-21, V-22 
Index-5

nonlethal munitions. See munitions 

employment and tactics, IV-2 

shotguns, V-20 

nonlethal technology, x 

nonlethal weapons ranges, V-24 

notional USCG NLW capability set, E-7 

O

obscurants, I-2 

Oleoresin Capsicum, IV-2, IV-4, C-6 

open-hand control, IV-1, IV-2, V-21 

OPERATION ESSENTIAL HARVEST, VI-3 

OPERATION JOINT GUARDIAN, VI-2 

OPERATION UNITED SHIELD, VI-1, VI-3, VI-4 

P

peace 

enforcement, III-1 

operations, I-2, VI-2 

personnel 

administrative responsibilities, V-18 

capability to seize, III-2, V-14 

effectors, II-1 

incapacitate, III-2, V-7, A-10 

medical, V-19 

protectors, II-1 

public affairs responsibilities, V-19 

recovery of, V-41 

requirements, II-2 

warfighting, i 

platoon, V-25 

close support, V-32 

close support (finish), V-37 

column, V-30 

general support (USMC), V-35 
Index-6

close support (start) (USMC), V-36 

column (USMC), V-34 

in depth, V-25 

lateral support, left (right), V-31 

on line, V-31 

on line—munitions squad in close support to cover flanks, V-29 

recovery team deployment—recovery team, V-27 

recovery team deployment—recovery team redeploy, V-28 

recovery team deployment—security element, V-26 

recovery team deployment—security element redeploy, V-29 

policy 

development of NLW, III-4 

nonlethal weapons, I-1 

Office of the Secretary of Defense, I-4 

portable vehicle arresting barrier, A-11 

personnel 

effectors, C-2 

protectors, C-2 

psychological 

effects, I-2 

operations, IV-3 

public affairs, IV-3 

public affairs officers (PAO), I-4 

Q

quick reaction force, V-3 

R

rapid reaction force, V-3 

, V-32 

recovery teams, V-21 

actions and security posture, V-33 

deployment, V-26, V-27, V-33 

platoon, V-25 

responsibility, V-22 

riot control 
Index-7

agents, I-2 

crowd dynamics, VI-4 

impact weapons, IV-2 

medical personnel, V-19 

subcourse, C-7 

rules of engagement (ROE), ix, I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, II-1, III-1, III-3, IV-2, IV-3, V-1, V-18, V20, V-24, VI-1, VI-3, VI-5, C-6 

running gear entanglement system (RGES), A-13 

S

small-scale contingencies, I-1 

smoke, I-2, V-21, VI-3, B-18, C-7 

soft base line, V-22 

Somalia, I-2, VI-1, VI-3, VI-4 

stability and support operations (SASO), I-2 

static positions, V-20, V-21 

support element, V-22 

T

tactics, techniques, and procedures, IV-1 

Task Force FALCON, I-2 

tasks 

clear facilities of personnel, V-15 

crowd control, V-5 

deny area to personnel, V-9 

NLW, x, V-2, V-4 

preventive, I-2 

seize personnel, V-14 

threat, I-1, I-2, II-2, III-1, V-23, V-24, VI-1, VI-2, VI-5 

asymmetric, I-3 

force continuum, V-1 

training devices, II-1, IV-1, C-3 

U

U.S. Army NLW Capability Set, E-1 

U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, IV-3 

United States Army Military Police School (USAMPS), IV-1 
Index-8

USAF NLW Capability Set, E-6 

USMC Nonlethal Weapons Capability Set, E-2 

USN NLW Capability Set, E-4 

V

vehicle mounted nonlethal grenade launcher (VMNLGL), A-12 

W

Warp cutter, A-16 

weapons 

nonlethal, I-1 

weapons of mass destruction (WMD), III-3 
Air Force Distribution: F 

FM 3-22.40 (FM 90-40)

MCWP 3-15.8 

NTTP 3-07.3.2 

AFTTP(I) 3-2.45 

USCG PUB 3-07.31 

15 January 2003 

By Order of the Secretary of the Army: 

Official: 

JOEL B. HUDSON 

Administrative Assistant to the 

Secretary of the Army 

 XXXXX 

ERIC K. SHINSEKI 

General, United States 

Army 

Chief of Staff 

DISTRIBUTION: 

Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve: Distribute 

in accordance with the initial distribution number (IDN) 115757, requirements for FM 3-22.40. 

By Order of the Secretary of the Air Force: 

DAVID F. MacGHEE, JR. 

Major General, USAF 

Commander 

Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center




MARINE CORPS PCN: 143 000057 00 PIN: 077054-000