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×2 ̈aÆoaÆa21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ›±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß 

–Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈ao –Æ±°aÆ ̈ß Œ·1 ̧ ̈­Ú 

›·TM·¥ ÷ ́­ ̈·1⁄2a Œao±Æ3 

Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a 3aa ̈­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ 

·2 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ Ì ̄ø ̃ ø2o Ì ̄æ ̃ ̄Ó ̃ ±o ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa 

—ÆoaÆ ÔÓÁËËÙ ›·TM·¥ ÷ ́­ ̈·1⁄2a Œao±Æ3Ù  ̈± 

3·2·3·¶a ¥· ̈·1ø ̈·±2Ù a¥·3·2ø ̈a 

ø3æ·1 ́· ̈ßÙ ø2o Æao ́1⁄2a æ ́Æoa2Ú 

–Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o › ̧·¥oÆa2 

...a  ̧øTMa ø2ø¥ß¶ao  ̈ ̧·­ Æ ́¥a  ́2oaÆ 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÌðÏÎÙ –Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o 

› ̧·¥oÆa2 oÆ±3 ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ 

Œ·­μ­ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß Œ·­μ­Ú Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a ·­ 2± ̈ 

ø2 a1⁄2±2±3·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ Æ ́¥a ø2o 

o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø2 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ Æ·­μ  ̈± 

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ±Æ Æ·­μ  ̈± ­øoa ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß 

o·­°Æ±°±Æ ̈·±2ø ̈a¥ß øooa1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2 ̧·¥oÆa2Ú 

×2o·ø2 ÃÆ·æø¥ Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈­ 

Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a o±a­ 2± ̈  ̧øTMa  ̈Æ·æø¥ 

·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 

ÔÌÔÈÎÙ ›±2­ ́¥ ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o ›±±Æo·2ø ̈·±2 

©· ̈ ̧ ×2o·ø2 ÃÆ·æø¥ Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈­Ù 

æa1⁄2ø ́­a · ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ø ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ 

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ aooa1⁄2 ̈ ±2 ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ×2o·ø2 

 ̈Æ·æa­Ù ±2  ̈ ̧a Æa¥ø ̈·±2­ ̧·° æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a 

⁄aoaÆø¥ Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ø2o ×2o·ø2  ̈Æ·æa­Ù 

±Æ ±2  ̈ ̧a o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 ±o °±©aÆ ø2o 

Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ 

Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ø2o ×2o·ø2  ̈Æ·æa­Ú 

¤2aÆ1ß ¤ooa1⁄2 ̈­ 

...a  ̧øTMa ø2ø¥ß¶ao  ̈ ̧·­ Æ ́¥a  ́2oaÆ 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÌÓÔÔÙ fl1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

›±21⁄2aÆ2·21 Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ Ã ̧ø ̈ 

Õ·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈¥ß flooa1⁄2 ̈ ¤2aÆ1ß Õ ́°°¥ßÙ 

‹·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2Ù ±Æ À­aÚ ...a  ̧øTMa 

oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ø èè­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 

a2aÆ1ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2éé  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±ÆoaÆ æa1⁄2ø ́­a 

· ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ø èè­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2éé 

 ́2oaÆ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÓËÍÍ ø2o ·­ 2± ̈ 

¥·μa¥ß  ̈±  ̧øTMa ø ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ øoTMaÆ­a aooa1⁄2 ̈ 

±2  ̈ ̧a ­ ́°°¥ßÙ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2Ù ±Æ  ́­a ±o 

a2aÆ1ßÚ Ã ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ ±o  ̈ ̧a —oo·1⁄2a 

±o ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß flooø·Æ­ 

 ̧ø­ 2± ̈ oa­·12ø ̈ao · ̈ ø­ ø ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 

a2aÆ1ß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧aÆao±ÆaÙ · ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa ø Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±o ¤2aÆ1ß ¤ooa1⁄2 ̈­ 

 ́2oaÆ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÌÓÔÔÚ 

Ãa1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ Õ ̈ø2oøÆoÃ ̧a “ø ̈·±2ø¥ Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ÃÆø2­oaÆ 

ø2o floTMø21⁄2a3a2 ̈ fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄“ÃÃflfl ̃  ̄ÔÎ 

ÀÚÕÚ›Ú ÓÈÓ 2± ̈a ̃ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈­ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈±  ́­a 

TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß 1⁄2±2­a2­ ́­ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±TM·oa­ ›±21Æa­­Ù  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a —oo·1⁄2a ±o 

”ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ ø2o fi ́o1a ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 

a®°¥ø2ø ̈·±2 ±o © ̧ß  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a­a 

­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ©± ́¥o æa ·21⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ¥ø© ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ·3°Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2ø¥Ú 

 ±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß 1⁄2±2­a2­ ́­ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ øÆa 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

±o 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­Ù °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÙ oa­·12Ù ±Æ 

±°aÆø ̈·±2Â  ̈a­ ̈ 3a ̈ ̧±o­Â ­ø3°¥·21 

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Â ø2o Æa¥ø ̈ao 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ 

­ß­ ̈a3­ °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa oaTMa¥±°ao ±Æ 

øo±° ̈ao æß TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß 1⁄2±2­a2­ ́­ 

­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ æ±o·a­Ú 

Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a o±a­ 2± ̈  ́­a  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ 

­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú Ã ̧aÆao±ÆaÙ ©a o·o 2± ̈ 

1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß 1⁄2±2­a2­ ́­ 

­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ 

...a  ̧øTMa ø2ø¥ß¶ao  ̈ ̧·­ Æ ́¥a  ́2oaÆ 

‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ÿ±3a¥ø2o Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß 

”ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ðÓÌäðÔ ø2o 

›±33ø2oø2 ̈ ×2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ”ÔÍÏÈÎÚ¥‹Ù 

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 1 ́·oa  ̈ ̧a ›±ø­ ̈ Ÿ ́øÆo ·2 

1⁄2±3°¥ß·21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a “ø ̈·±2ø¥ 

¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ –±¥·1⁄2ß fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o ÔÁÍÁ 

 ̄“¤–fl ̃  ̄ÏÓ ÀÚÕÚ›Ú ÏÌÓÔäÏÌÈðo ̃Ù ø2o 

 ̧øTMa 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oao  ̈ ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·­ ±2a ±o ø 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ±o ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o± 2± ̈ 

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥¥ß ±Æ 1⁄2 ́3 ́¥ø ̈·TMa¥ß  ̧øTMa ø 

­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ aooa1⁄2 ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̧ ́3ø2 

a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a ·­ 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 

a®1⁄2¥ ́oaoÙ  ́2oaÆ o·1 ́Æa ÓäÔÙ °øÆø1Æø° ̧ 

 ̄ÌÏ ̃ ̄1 ̃Ù ±o  ̈ ̧a ×2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a 

·2TM±¥TMa­  ̈ ̧a a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧3a2 ̈ ±o ø 

 ̈a3°±ÆøÆß ­øoa ̈ß ¶±2a  ̈± ø¥¥±© ø TMa­­a¥ 

¥ø ́21⁄2 ̧ aTM±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ø ̈ Ã±oo –ø1⁄2·o·1⁄2 

Õ ̧·°ßøÆo­Ù  ̈ ̧a o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©·¥¥ æa 

¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2 ±2a oøßÚ fl2 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ 

ø2ø¥ß­·­ 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ¥·­ ̈ ø2o ø 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·1⁄2ø¥ 

a®1⁄2¥ ́­·±2 oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ·2 

 ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2μa ̈ © ̧aÆa ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈ao  ́2oaÆ 

fl‹‹Œ¤ÕÕ¤ÕÚ 

‘·­ ̈ ±o Õ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 ÌÌ ›⁄Œ –øÆ ̈ ÔÍÎ 

ÿøÆæ±Æ­Ù ”øÆ·2a ­øoa ̈ßÙ “øTM·1ø ̈·±2 

 ̄©ø ̈aÆ ̃Ù Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ø2o Æa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß 3aø­ ́Æa­Ù 

...ø ̈aÆ©øß­Ú 

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2­ ­a ̈ ± ́ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

°Æaø3æ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a ›±ø­ ̈ Ÿ ́øÆo ø3a2o­ ÌÌ 

›⁄Œ °øÆ ̈ ÔÍÎ ø­ o±¥¥±©­Ê 

–flŒÃ ÔÍÎâŒ¤ŸÀ‘flÃ¤‹ “fl ×ŸflÃ×—“ 

flŒ¤flÕ fl“‹ ‘×”×Ã¤‹ fl››¤ÕÕ flŒ¤flÕ 

ÔÚ Ã ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ °øÆ ̈ ÔÍÎ 

1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a­  ̈± Æaøo ø­ o±¥¥±©­Ê 

fl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ßÊ ÌÌ ÀÚÕÚ›Ú ÔÓÓÍÙ ÔÓÌÔÂ ÏÍ ÀÚÕÚ›Ú 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÈðÔÙ ÌÌðÍÙ ÌÈðÌÂ Îð ÀÚÕÚ›Ú ÔÁÔÙ ÔÁÎÂ 

ÌÌ ›⁄Œ ÔÚðÎäÔÙ ÍÚðÏäÔÙ ÍÚðÏäÍÙ ø2o ÔÍðÚÎÂ 

– ́æÚ ‘Ú ÔðÈäÓÁÎÙ ÔÔÍ Õ ̈ø ̈Ú ÓðÍÏÂ ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ 

±o ÿ±3a¥ø2o Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß ‹a¥a1ø ̈·±2 “±Ú ðÔÈðÚÔ 

ÓÚ floo y ÔÍÎÚÃÔÌäÔÓÈ  ̈± Æaøo øo±¥¥±©­Ê 

y ÔÍÎÚÃÔÌäÔÓÈ Õøoa ̈ß Æ±2aÂ Ã±oo –ø1⁄2·o·1⁄2 

Õ ̧·°ßøÆo­ a­­a¥ ‘ø ́21⁄2 ̧Ù ...a­ ̈ ‹ ́©ø3·­ ̧ 

...ø ̈aÆ©øßÙ Õaø ̈ ̈¥aÙ ...flÚ 

 ̄ø ̃ ‘±1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 øÆaø ·­ ø 

­øoa ̈ß ¶±2aÊ Ã ̧a ©ø ̈aÆ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

‹ ́©ø3·­ ̧ Œ·TMaÆ a® ̈a2o·21 ÏÎð ßøÆooÆ±3  ̈ ̧a TMa­­a¥ ¥ø ́21⁄2 ̧ ­· ̈a ø ̈ Ã±oo 

–ø1⁄2·o·1⁄2 Õ ̧·°ßøÆoÙ ¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈Æø21⁄2a 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ...a­ ̈ ‹ ́©ø3·­ ̧ ...ø ̈aÆ©øßÙ ©· ̈ ̧ 

ø2 øÆaø a21⁄2±3°ø­­ao æß  ̈ ̧a °±·2 ̈­ 

ÏÈpÌÎ ðÏ “ ÔÓÓpÓÔ Ìð ...Ù  ̈ ̧a21⁄2a  ̈± 

ÏÈpÌÎ ðÏ “ ÔÓÓpÓÔ Îð ...Ù  ̈ ̧a21⁄2a  ̈± 

ÏÈpÌÎ ÔÁ “ ÔÓÓpÓÔ Îð ...Ù  ̈ ̧a21⁄2a  ̈± 

ÏÈpÌÎ ÔÁ “ ÔÓÓpÓÔ Ìð ...Ù  ̈ ̧a21⁄2a  ̈± 

ÏÈpÌÎ ðÏ “ ÔÓÓpÓÔ Ìð ...Ú 

 ̄æ ̃ Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú ×2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ·2 ÌÌ ›⁄Œ –øÆ ̈ 

ÔÍÎÙ Õ ́æ°øÆ ̈ ›Ù 2± TMa­­a¥ 3øß a2 ̈aÆÙ 

 ̈Æø2­· ̈Ù 3±±ÆÙ ±Æ ø21⁄2 ̧±Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧·­ 

­øoa ̈ß ¶±2aÙ a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ TMa­­a¥­ 

ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›ø° ̈ø·2 ±o  ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈ ±Æ 

 ̧aÆ ‹a­·12ø ̈ao Œa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMaÚ 

 ̄1⁄2 ̃ ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ –aÆ·±oÚ ⁄Æ±3 Ô øÚ3Ú 

 ̈± ÔðÊÌð øÚ3Ú ±2 ÷ø2 ́øÆß ÔÍÙ ÓðÔð  ́2¥a­­ 

1⁄2ø21⁄2a¥¥ao ­±±2aÆ æß  ̈ ̧a ›ø° ̈ø·2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

–±Æ ̈Ú 

‹ø ̈aoÊ ‹a1⁄2a3æaÆ ÔÔÙ ÓððÁÚ 

ÕÚ¤Ú ¤21¥aæaÆ ̈Ù 

›ø° ̈ø·2Ù ÀÚÕÚ ›±ø­ ̈ Ÿ ́øÆoÙ ›ø° ̈ø·2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

–±Æ ̈Ù – ́1a ̈ Õ± ́2oÚ 

Å⁄Œ ‹±1⁄2Ú ÓðÔðäÎÎð ⁄·¥ao ÔäÔÌäÔðÂ ËÊÏÎ ø3Ã 

fi×‘‘×“Ÿ ›—‹¤ ÁÔÔðäðÏä– 

¤“ ×Œ—“”¤“Ãfl‘ –Œ—Ã¤›Ã×—“ 

flŸ¤“›« 

Ïð ›⁄Œ –øÆ ̈ ÎÓ 

Å¤–fläŒðÁä—flŒäÓððÁäðÏÁÓÂ ⁄Œ‘äÁðÁÍäÁÃ 

ŒaTM·­·±2­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Õ ̈ø ̈a 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 –¥ø2Ù Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 

 ø¥¥aß fl·Æ –±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ‹·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 

flŸ¤“›«Ê ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ –Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

fl1a21⁄2ß  ̄¤–fl ̃Ú 

fl›Ã×—“Ê ⁄·2ø¥ Æ ́¥aÚ 

ÕÀ””flŒ«Ê ¤–fl ·­ o·2ø¥·¶·21 ø ¥·3· ̈ao 

ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ø2o ¥·3· ̈ao o·­ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o 

ÆaTM·­·±2­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 ø¥¥aß fl·Æ 

–±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ‹·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈  ̄Õ÷ fl–›‹ ̃ 

°±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Õ ̈ø ̈a 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 –¥ø2  ̄Õ×– ̃Ú Ã ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

©ø­ °Æ±°±­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ Œa1·­ ̈aÆ ±2 

÷ ́¥ß ÔÏÙ ÓððÁ ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­ TM±¥ø ̈·¥a 

±Æ1ø2·1⁄2 1⁄2±3°± ́2o­  ̄ —›­ ̃ oÆ±3 

1⁄2±2o·2ao ø2·3ø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ øoø·Æ·a­Ù 1⁄2ø ̈ ̈¥a oaao¥± ̈­Ù ø2o °± ́¥ ̈Æß ø2o 

­©·2a  ̧± ́­a­Ú À2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß ±o 

 ̈ ̧a ›¥aø2 fl·Æ fl1⁄2 ̈ ø­ ø3a2oao ·2 ÔÁÁð 

 ̄›flfl ±Æ  ̈ ̧a fl1⁄2 ̈ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

­·3 ́¥ ̈ø2a± ́­¥ß ø°°Æ±TMa­ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ Æ ́¥a 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a­a a3·­­·±2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2aø2o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈­ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̈± 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ Æ ́¥a 

oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­Ú 

‹flÃ¤ÕÊ ¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ‹ø ̈aÊ Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a ·­ 

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ±2 ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÔÍÙ ÓðÔðÚ 

fl‹‹Œ¤ÕÕ¤ÕÊ ¤–fl  ̧ø­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao o±1⁄2μa ̈ 

2 ́3æaÆ ¤–fläŒðÁä—flŒäÓððÁäðÏÁÓ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a ·2oa®  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2μa ̈ ·­ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ø ̈  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ 

©©©ÚÆa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú1±TM ø2o ·2  ̧øÆo 1⁄2±°ß 

ø ̈ ¤–fl Œa1·±2 ×»Ù ÈÎ ÿø© ̈ ̧±Æ2a Õ ̈Æaa ̈Ù 

Õø2 ⁄Æø21⁄2·­1⁄2±Ù ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÚ ... ̧·¥a ø¥¥ 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2μa ̈ øÆa ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 

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 ̈ ̧aÆa 1⁄2± ́¥o æa øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ·22±TMø ̈·±2­ ·2 

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ø¥¥±©­ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß 3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈±  ̈øμa 

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Õ÷ fl›–‹ ›±33a2 ̈  ̋ÍÊ Õ÷ fl–›‹ 

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o± ́2o ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao ·2 °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2aÙ ­± Õ÷ fl–›‹ 

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o± ́2o  ̈ ̧aß oø·¥ao Õ÷ fl–›‹é­  ̧ÎÙððð °aÆ 

 ̈±2 —›  ̈ ̧Æa­ ̧±¥oÚ fl ­·3·¥øÆ 

1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 1⁄2ø2 æa 3øoa o±Æ ­©·2aÚ 

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1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa o±Æ fifl›ÃÙ · ̈ ·­ ø¥­± 2± ̈ 

1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa o±Æ Œfl›ÃÚ 

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ø oÆøo ̈ fifl›Ã o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ o±Æ oø·Æß 

a3·­­·±2­ ø2o ·­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o±ÆaoÆ±2 ̈ ±o 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 fifl›Ã o±Æ 2a© oø·Æ·a­Ú 

Œa­°±2­a  ̈± Õ÷ fl–›‹  ̋ÈÊ ...a 

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 ̧øTMa ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ao a® ̈a2­·TMa ›fl⁄ Æa­aøÆ1⁄2 ̧ 

æao±Æa ø2o øo ̈aÆ oaTMa¥±°·21 Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈðÚ 

...a æa¥·aTMa Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a “fl¤”Õ ø2o 

± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ÷ fl–›‹Ù ›flŒfi ø2o ¤–fl 

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­ ̧± ́¥o  ̧a¥° 1⁄2¥øÆ·oß Œfl›Ã o±Æ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

oø·Æ·a­Ú ...a ø¥­± 2± ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±33a2 ̈ 

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o±a­ 2± ̈ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a ÆaoaÆa21⁄2ao oÆøo ̈ 

fifl›Ã o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ o±Æ oø·Æß a3·­­·±2­Ù 

2±Æ o±a­ · ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

 ̈± øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆ·1⁄2 ·­­ ́a­ o·­1⁄2 ́­­ao 

·2 Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ›ÚÌÚ1 ±o ± ́Æ ÃÕ‹ ø2o øæ±TMa 

·2 ± ́Æ Æa­°±2­a  ̈± Õ÷ fl–›‹ 1⁄2±33a2 ̈ 

 ̋ÓÚ 

›Ú ¤øÆ ̈ ̧÷ ́­ ̈·1⁄2a  ̄¤÷ ̃ ›±33a2 ̈­ 

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°Æ±°±­ao ¥·3· ̈ao ø°°Æ±TMø¥Òo·­ø°°Æ±TMø¥ 

±o Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð ø2o ø1Æaa­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

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 ̄Ó ̃ Õ÷ fl–›‹ oø·¥ao  ̈± oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð ·3°¥a3a2 ̈­ Œfl›Ã o±Æ °± ́¥ ̈Æß 

ø2o ­©·2a ±°aÆø ̈·±2­Â ø2oÙ  ̄Ì ̃ Õ÷ fl–›‹ 

3 ́­ ̈ ø¥­± ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a 3a2 ́­ o±Æ oø·Æß 

ø2o 1⁄2ø ̈ ̈¥a oaao¥± ̈­Ú 

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1⁄2±3°a¥Ù · ̈a3  ̋Ì Æa1øÆo·21 Õ÷ fl–›‹ 

ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a oø·Æß ø2o 1⁄2ø ̈ ̈¥a oaao¥± ̈ 

3a2 ́­Ú 

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Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ ‘›fl⁄ oao·2· ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ 

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­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ·­  ́2Æaø­±2øæ¥aÚ Ã ̧a ‘›fl⁄ 

oao·2· ̈·±2 ·­ aTMa2 3±Æa ·2ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 

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 —› a3·­­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø2 ø­­ ́3ao æß  ̈ ̧a 

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 ̧oÒßÆ o±Æ 1⁄2ø ̈ ̈¥a ̃Ú 

Œa­°±2­a  ̈± ¤÷  ̋ÓÊ ...a ø1Æaa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›flfl 

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ø¥¥ Œfl›” ø­ 2aaoao o±Æ a®°ao· ̈·± ́­ 

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øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­ ©± ́¥o øoTMø21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 

ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¶±2a ­ ̈ø2oøÆo 

æa¥±21­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈a® ̈ ±o Õ÷ fl–›‹é­ 

±¶±2a °¥ø2 ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

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© ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a ø­ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·­ 

øoaØ ́ø ̈a¥ß a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥aÙ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈­ 

Œfl›Ã ø2o ·3°Æ±TMa­  ̈ ̧a Õ×–Ú Ã ̧a 

a3·­­·±2 oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ø­­ ́3° ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 

Õ÷ fl›–‹é­ Œfl›Ã oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

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·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø­ oao·1⁄2·a2 ̈ ·2 ± ́Æ °Æ±°±­ao 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

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o·o 2± ̈Ù ­ ̧±©  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð 3a2 ́­ 

Æa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ 

ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMøæ¥a ø­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß Œfl›ÃÚ 

Œa­°±2­a  ̈± ¤÷  ̋ÌÊ ...a æa¥·aTMa  ̈ ̧·­ 

1⁄2±33a2 ̈ ·­ øooÆa­­ao æß ± ́Æ °Æ±°±­ao 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± oaoaÆ ø Œfl›Ã oa1⁄2·­·±2 o±Æ 

oø·Æ·a­ ø2o 1⁄2ø ̈ ̈¥a oaao¥± ̈­ ø2o  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æa 

øoaØ ́ø ̈a ø2ø¥ß­·­  ̈± oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð ·3°¥a3a2 ̈­ Œfl›Ã o±Æ °± ́¥ ̈Æß 

ø2o ­©·2aÚ ...a ø1Æaa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Õ÷ fl–›‹ 

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aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­  ̈± øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a 

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èè°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o °Æ±o· ̈­éé  ̈a­ ̈  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a 

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øTMø·¥øæ¥aÚ ¤÷ 1⁄2±33a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­±3a 

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±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈Ú ...a ¥±±μ o±Æ©øÆo  ̈± 

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ÎÓÚÓÓð ̄æ ̃ ̄ÔÓ ̃  ̈± Æa3±TMa ø2ß °±­­·æ¥a 

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1⁄2±©­ æß “Œ› 1 ́·oa¥·2a­ æ± ̈ ̧ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

æø­a¥·2a a3·­­·±2 a­ ̈·3ø ̈a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 

ø1ø·2 ·2 a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao 

©· ̈ ̧ Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈðÚ 

Œa­°±2­a  ̈± ›Œ–¤  ̋ÌÊ Ã±oøßé­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

±2 Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð Æa­ ̈­ °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß ±2 © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ 

 ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a ø­ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·­ øoaØ ́ø ̈a¥ß 

a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥aÙ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈­ Œfl›Ã ø2o 

·3°Æ±TMa­  ̈ ̧a Õ×–Ú ×­­ ́a­ Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a 

ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o± 2± ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ ± ́Æ 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2 Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð ø2o øÆa øooÆa­­ao 

©· ̈ ̧·2 ± ́Æ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2 Õ÷ fl–›‹é­ ±2aÛ 

 ̧± ́Æ ±¶±2a °¥ø2Ú 

›Œ–¤ ›±33a2 ̈  ̋ÏÊ Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð 3aÆa¥ß 

1⁄2±o·o·a­ a®·­ ̈·21 TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­ ø2o 

o±a­ 2± ̈ 1a2aÆø ̈a Æaø¥ ø2o Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·øæ¥a 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú Ã ̧·­ TM·±¥ø ̈a­ ›flfl 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ Õ×– Æ ́¥a­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­Ú ¤–fl ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ Æ ́¥a 

©± ́¥o æa øÆæ· ̈ÆøÆß ø2o 1⁄2ø°Æ·1⁄2·± ́­ 

æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 

a­ ̈·3ø ̈a­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a TMø­ ̈ 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ±o 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­  ̧øTMa 2± oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈Ú 

Œa­°±2­a  ̈± ›Œ–¤  ̋ÏÊ –¥aø­a ­aa ± ́Æ 

Æa­°±2­a  ̈± ›Œ–¤ 1⁄2±33a2 ̈  ̋ÌÚ 

›Œ–¤ ›±33a2 ̈  ̋ÎÊ ¤–fl ­ ̧± ́¥o 

o·­ø°°Æ±TMa  ̈ ̧a Œfl›Ã oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ 

oø·Æ·a­ ø2o 1⁄2ø ̈ ̈¥a oaao¥± ̈­ ø2o 2± ̈ ø¥¥±© 

Õ÷ fl–›‹é­ ÓððÏ Õ×–  ̈±  ̈øμa 1⁄2Æao· ̈ o±Æ 

 —› Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈðÚ 

Œa­°±2­a  ̈± ›Œ–¤  ̋ÎÊ –¥aø­a ­aa ± ́Æ 

Æa­°±2­a­  ̈± °ÆaTM·± ́­ ›Œ–¤ 1⁄2±33a2 ̈­Ú 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ›Œ–¤ ›±33a2 ̈­Ê ›Œ–¤éfl ́1 ́­ ̈ ÌÔÙ ÓððÁ ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ °Æ±TM·oao 

1⁄2±33a2 ̈­ ±2 ¤–flé­ °Æ±°±­ao ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

±2 Œ ́¥a ÏÎÈð  ̄‹±1⁄2μa ̈ “±Ú ¤–fläŒðÁä 

—flŒäÓððÁäðÏÁÓ ̃ ø2o ±2  ̈ ̧a Õ÷ fl–›‹ 

—2aÛÿ± ́Æ —¶±2a –¥ø2  ̄‹±1⁄2μa ̈ “±Ú ¤–flä 

ŒðÁä—flŒäÓððËäðÍÁÌ ̃Ú ›Œ–¤ 1⁄2±33a2 ̈­ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©aÆa 2± ̈ øooÆa­­ao øæ±TMa øÆa 

°Æ·3øÆ·¥ß Æa¥aTMø2 ̈  ̈± ± ́Æ °Æ±°±­ao 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a Õ÷ fl–›‹ —2aÛÿ± ́Æ 

—¶±2a –¥ø2Ú ...a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao 

ÆaøoaÆ­  ̈±  ̈ ̧±­a 1⁄2±33a2 ̈­ ø2o ± ́Æ 

Æa­°±2­a­ ·2 ± ́Æ o·2ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a 

±¶±2a °¥ø2Ú 

×××Ú ¤–fl fl1⁄2 ̈·±2 

“± 1⁄2±33a2 ̈­ ©aÆa ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

1⁄2 ̧ø21a ± ́Æ ø­­a­­3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a øoa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 ± ́Æ °Æ±°±­ao ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Ã ̧aÆao±ÆaÙ ø­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ·2 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

ÔÔð ̄μ ̃ ̄Ì ̃ ø2o ÌðÔ ̄ø ̃ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl1⁄2 ̈Ù ¤–fl ·­ 

o·2ø¥·¶·21 ø ¥·3· ̈ao ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao Æ ́¥aÚ Ã ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a­ 

 ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao Æ ́¥a ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

Õ×–Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧±­a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø­ oao·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ú fl­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

 ́2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÔð ̄μ ̃ ̄Ì ̃Ù ¤–fl ·­ 

­·3 ́¥ ̈ø2a± ́­¥ß o·2ø¥·¶·21 ø ¥·3· ̈ao 

o·­ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥aÚ fl­ ø Æa­ ́¥ ̈Ù 

­ø21⁄2 ̈·±2­ ©·¥¥ æa ·3°±­ao  ́2¥a­­ ¤–fl 

ø°°Æ±TMa­ ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ Õ×– ÆaTM·­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ÔË 

3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a­a ­ø21⁄2 ̈·±2­ ©·¥¥ æa ·3°±­ao 

 ́2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÈÁ ±o  ̈ ̧a fl1⁄2 ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21 

 ̈± Ïð ›⁄Œ ÎÓÚÌÔÚ ×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù ¤–fl 3 ́­ ̈ 

°Æ±3 ́¥1ø ̈a ø ⁄aoaÆø¥ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

°¥ø2  ̄⁄×– ̃  ́2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÔð ̄1⁄2 ̃  ́2¥a­­ 

©a ø°°Æ±TMa ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ Õ×– ÆaTM·­·±2­ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

ÓÏ 3±2 ̈ ̧­Ú “± ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao Æ ́¥a 

 ̧ø­ æaa2 øo±° ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a Õ÷ fl–›‹Ù ø2o 

¤–flé­ o·2ø¥ ¥·3· ̈ao o·­ø°°Æ±TMø¥ o±a­ 2± ̈ 

°ÆaTMa2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß oÆ±3 a2o±Æ1⁄2·21 

· ̈Ú 

× Ú Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø2o ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 

ŒaTM·a©­ 

flÚ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÓËÍÍÙ Œa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß 

–¥ø22·21 ø2o ŒaTM·a© 

Ã ̧a —oo·1⁄2a ±o ”ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ ø2o fi ́o1a ̈ 

 ̄—”fi ̃  ̧ø­ a®a3° ̈ao  ̈ ̧·­ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 oÆ±3 ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÓËÍÍÙ 

a2 ̈· ̈¥ao èèŒa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß –¥ø22·21 ø2o 

ŒaTM·a©Úéé 

fiÚ –ø°aÆ©±Æμ Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 fl1⁄2 ̈ 

Ã ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±a­ 2± ̈ ·3°±­a ø2 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 æ ́Æoa2  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a –ø°aÆ©±Æμ Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 

fl1⁄2 ̈Ù ÏÏ ÀÚÕÚ›Ú ÌÎðÔ a ̈ ­aØÚ fi ́Æoa2 ·­ 

oao·2ao ø ̈ Î ›⁄Œ ÔÌÓðÚÌ ̄æ ̃Ú 

›Ú Œa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ⁄¥a®·æ·¥· ̈ß fl1⁄2 ̈ 

Ã ̧a Œa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ⁄¥a®·æ·¥· ̈ß fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄Œ⁄fl ̃ 

1a2aÆø¥¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ø2 ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ 

ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß o¥a®·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2ø¥ß­·­ ±o ø2ß 

 aÆ‹ø ̈a “±TM‰ÓÏ‚ÓððË ÔÌÊÌÌ ÷ø2 ÔÌÙ ÓðÔð ÷μ ̈ ÓÓðððÔ –— ððððð ⁄Æ3 ðððÓÁ ⁄3 ̈ ÏÈðð Õo3 ̈ ÏÈðð ¤Êƒ⁄Œƒ⁄”ƒÔÏ÷flŒÔÚÕŸ” ÔÏ÷flŒÔ
ÓðËÏ ⁄aoaÆø¥ Œa1·­ ̈aÆ Ò ±¥Ú ÈÎÙ “±Ú Á ÒÃ ̧ ́Æ­oøßÙ ÷ø2 ́øÆß ÔÏÙ ÓðÔð Ò Œ ́¥a­ ø2o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ 

Æ ́¥a ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± 2± ̈·1⁄2a ø2o 1⁄2±33a2 ̈ 

Æ ́¥a3øμ·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a 

ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a ©·¥¥ 2± ̈ 

 ̧øTMa ø ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ a1⁄2±2±3·1⁄2 ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ ±2 

ø ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o ­3ø¥¥ a2 ̈· ̈·a­Ú 

Õ3ø¥¥ a2 ̈· ̈·a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­Ù 

­3ø¥¥ 2± ̈Ûo±ÆÛ°Æ±o· ̈ a2 ̈aÆ°Æ·­a­Ù ø2o 

­3ø¥¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

Ã ̧·­ Æ ́¥a ©·¥¥ 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ø ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 

·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ ±2 ø ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o ­3ø¥¥ 

a2 ̈· ̈·a­ æa1⁄2ø ́­a Õ×– ø°°Æ±TMø¥­ ø2o 

¥·3· ̈ao ø°°Æ±TMø¥­Ò¥·3· ̈ao o·­ø°°Æ±TMø¥­ 

 ́2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÔð ø2o ­ ́æ1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ù °øÆ ̈ 

‹ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›¥aø2 fl·Æ fl1⁄2 ̈ o± 2± ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø2ß 

2a© ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ æ ́ ̈ ­·3°¥ß ø°°Æ±TMa 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ·­ ø¥Æaøoß 

·3°±­·21Ú Ã ̧aÆao±ÆaÙ æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧·­ 

¥·3· ̈ao ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ò¥·3· ̈ao o·­ø°°Æ±TMø¥ 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø2ß 2a© 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù × 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

©·¥¥ 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ø ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ a1⁄2±2±3·1⁄2 

·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ ±2 ø ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o ­3ø¥¥ 

a2 ̈· ̈·a­Ú 

”±Æa±TMaÆÙ o ́a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 2ø ̈ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a 

⁄aoaÆø¥ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a Æa¥ø ̈·±2­ ̧·°  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

›¥aø2 fl·Æ fl1⁄2 ̈Ù °Æa°øÆø ̈·±2 ±o o¥a®·æ·¥· ̈ß 

ø2ø¥ß­·­ ©± ́¥o 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a ⁄aoaÆø¥ 

·2Ø ́·Æß ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a a1⁄2±2±3·1⁄2 

Æaø­±2øæ¥a2a­­ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a 

›¥aø2 fl·Æ fl1⁄2 ̈ o±Ææ·o­ ¤–fl  ̈± æø­a · ̈­ 

ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2·21 Õ×–­ ±2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 

1Æ± ́2o­Ú À2·±2 ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 ›±ÚÙ TMÚ ÀÚÕÚ 

¤–flÙ ÏÓÈ ÀÚÕÚ ÓÏÍÙ ÓÎÎäÍÍ  ̄ÔÁÈÍ ̃Â ÏÓ 

ÀÚÕÚ›Ú ÈÏÔð ̄ø ̃ ̄Ó ̃Ú 

‹Ú À2o ́2oao ”ø2oø ̈a­ Œao±Æ3 fl1⁄2 ̈ 

À2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ÓðÓ ±o  ̈ ̧a À2o ́2oao 

”ø2oø ̈a­ Œao±Æ3 fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o ÔÁÁÎ 

 ̄èèÀ2o ́2oao ”ø2oø ̈a­ fl1⁄2 ̈éé ̃Ù ­·12ao ·2 ̈± 

¥ø© ±2 ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓÓÙ ÔÁÁÎÙ ¤–fl 3 ́­ ̈ 

°Æa°øÆa ø æ ́o1a ̈øÆß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈  ̈± 

ø1⁄21⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2ß °Æ±°±­ao ±Æ o·2ø¥ Æ ́¥a 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø ⁄aoaÆø¥ 3ø2oø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

3øß Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2 a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 1⁄2±­ ̈­  ̈± Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ±Æ ÃÆ·æø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

ø11Æa1ø ̈aÂ ±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ­a1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ ±o 

 ̧Ôðð 3·¥¥·±2 ±Æ 3±ÆaÚ À2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

ÓðÎÙ ¤–fl 3 ́­ ̈ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Û 

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø2o ¥aø­ ̈ æ ́Æoa2­±3a 

ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa­  ̈ ̧a ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·TMa­ 

±o  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a ø2o ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÓðÌ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ¤–fl  ̈± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ø °¥ø2 o±Æ 

·2o±Æ3·21 ø2o øoTM·­·21 ø2ß ­3ø¥¥ 

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß æa ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈¥ß 

±Æ  ́2·Ø ́a¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥aÚ 

¤–fl  ̧ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥·3· ̈ao 

ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ò¥·3· ̈ao o·­ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

°Æ±3 ́¥1ø ̈ao o±a­ 2± ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø ⁄aoaÆø¥ 

3ø2oø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2 a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 

1⁄2±­ ̈­ ±o  ̧Ôðð 3·¥¥·±2 ±Æ 3±Æa  ̈± a· ̈ ̧aÆ 

Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ±Æ ÃÆ·æø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈­ ·2 

 ̈ ̧a ø11Æa1ø ̈aÙ ±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ­a1⁄2 ̈±ÆÚ 

Ã ̧·­ ⁄aoaÆø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±TMa­ °ÆaÛ 

a®·­ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ¥ø©Ù ø2o ·3°±­a­ 2± 2a© 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú fl1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21¥ßÙ 2± 

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­  ̈± Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ±Æ ÃÆ·æø¥ 

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈­Ù ±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ­a1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ 

Æa­ ́¥ ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ú ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÌÔÌÓÙ ⁄aoaÆø¥·­3 

⁄aoaÆø¥·­3  ̄ÍÏ ⁄Œ ÏÌÓÎÎÙ fl ́1 ́­ ̈ ÔðÙ 

ÔÁÁÁ ̃ ÆaTM±μa­ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a­ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa 

—ÆoaÆ­ ÔÓÍÔÓ  ̄⁄aoaÆø¥·­3 ̃ ø2o ÔÓËÈÎ 

 ̄¤2 ̧ø21⁄2·21  ̈ ̧a ×2 ̈aÆ1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ø¥ 

–øÆ ̈2aÆ­ ̧·° ̃Ú ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÌÔÌÓ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ¤–fl  ̈± oaTMa¥±° ø2 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ¥a 

°Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa èè3aø2·21o ́¥ ø2o 

 ̈·3a¥ß ·2° ́ ̈ æß Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±oo·1⁄2·ø¥­ 

·2  ̈ ̧a oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß 

°±¥·1⁄2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa oaoaÆø¥·­3 

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Œ·­μ­ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß Œ·­μ­ 

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—ÆoaÆ  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥  ̈± ·2o¥ ́a21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 

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—ÆoaÆ ÔÌÓÔÔÙ èèfl1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ›±21⁄2aÆ2·21 

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¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÔÓËÍÍÚ 

×Ú “ø ̈·±2ø¥ Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ÃÆø2­oaÆ ø2o 

floTMø21⁄2a3a2 ̈ fl1⁄2 ̈ 

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ÃÆø2­oaÆ ø2o floTMø21⁄2a3a2 ̈ fl1⁄2 ̈ 

 ̄“ÃÃflfl ̃ ±o ÔÁÁÎ ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ⁄aoaÆø¥ 

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1⁄2±2­a2­ ́­ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­éé  ̄ ›Õ ̃ ·o øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

ø2o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a © ̧a2 oaTMa¥±°·21 

°Æ±1Æø3­ ø2o °±¥·1⁄2·a­  ́2¥a­­ o±·21 ­± 

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°aÆo±Æ3 ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2·TMa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ́­a 

±o ›ÕÚ 

÷Ú ›±21Æa­­·±2ø¥ ŒaTM·a© fl1⁄2 ̈ 

Ã ̧a ›±21Æa­­·±2ø¥ ŒaTM·a© fl1⁄2 ̈Ù Î 

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 ̈ ̧ø ̈ æao±Æa ø Æ ́¥a 3øß  ̈øμa aooa1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±3 ́¥1ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a 3 ́­ ̈ 

­ ́æ3· ̈ ø Æ ́¥a Æa°±Æ ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø 

1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥aÙ  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ ÿ± ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a 

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±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a­Ú ¤–fl ©·¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø 

Æa°±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2·21  ̈ ̧·­ Æ ́¥a ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

 aÆ‹ø ̈a “±TM‰ÓÏ‚ÓððË ÔÌÊÌÌ ÷ø2 ÔÌÙ ÓðÔð ÷μ ̈ ÓÓðððÔ –— ððððð ⁄Æ3 ðððÌð ⁄3 ̈ ÏÈðð Õo3 ̈ ÏÈðð ¤Êƒ⁄Œƒ⁄”ƒÔÏ÷flŒÔÚÕŸ” ÔÏ÷flŒÔ
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ÆaØ ́·Æao ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÀÚÕÚ Õa2ø ̈aÙ 

 ̈ ̧a ÀÚÕÚ ÿ± ́­a ±o Œa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa­Ù ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a ›±3° ̈Æ±¥¥aÆ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao 

Õ ̈ø ̈a­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ° ́æ¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Æ ́¥a ·2 

 ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ Œa1·­ ̈aÆÚ fl 3ø¶±Æ Æ ́¥a 

1⁄2ø22± ̈  ̈øμa aooa1⁄2 ̈  ́2 ̈·¥ Íð oøß­ øo ̈aÆ · ̈ 

·­ ° ́æ¥·­ ̧ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ⁄aoaÆø¥ Œa1·­ ̈aÆÚ 

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©·¥¥ æa aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ±2 ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÔÍÙ ÓðÔðÚ 

’Ú –a ̈· ̈·±2­ o±Æ ÷ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ŒaTM·a© 

À2oaÆ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÌðÈ ̄æ ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›¥aø2 

fl·Æ fl1⁄2 ̈Ù °a ̈· ̈·±2­ o±Æ ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o 

 ̈ ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa o·¥ao ·2  ̈ ̧a À2· ̈ao 

Õ ̈ø ̈a­ ›± ́Æ ̈ ±o fl°°aø¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 1⁄2·Æ1⁄2 ́· ̈ æß ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÔÎÙ ÓðÔðÚ 

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 ̈ ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ o·2ø¥ Æ ́¥a o±a­ 

2± ̈ øooa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a o·2ø¥· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧·­ Æ ́¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o ¶ ́o·1⁄2·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© 2±Æ o±a­ · ̈ 

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­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ °±­ ̈°±2a  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o 

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‘·­ ̈ ±o Õ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 Ïð ›⁄Œ –øÆ ̈ ÎÓ 

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y ÎÓÚÓÓð ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o °¥ø2Ú 

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Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æé­ oa­·12aaÚ 

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 ̄fl ̃ Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 ø¥¥aß À2·o·ao fl·Æ 

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