IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Steven Jones, : Petitioner :

: v. : No. 533 C.D. 2019
: Submitted: August 9, 20 1 9
: Workers' Compensation Appeal : Board (SEPTA), : Respondent :

BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge

HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge 1 HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION BY JUDGE SIMPSON FILED: November 25 , 2019

Steven Jones (Claimant) petitions for review of a n order of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board) that affirmed an order of Workers’ Compensation Judge (WCJ) Andrea McCormick granting Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority’s (Employer) termination petition. T he WCJ’s order also deni ed Claimant’s petitions for review of utilization review (UR) determination (UR review petitions) and reinstatement petition. Claimant contends the WCJ erred in terminating his benefits and in denying his UR review petitions in light of the medical eviden ce. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

1 This matter was assigned to this panel before September 1, 2019, when Judge Simpson assumed the status of senior judge.2 I. Background A. History of Proceedings; Current Petitions Claimant worked for Employer as a maintenance custodian driver. His
duties included heavy lifting and driving forklifts. In September 2001, Claimant fell through an open grate, dropped 8 to 10 feet, and struck various body parts. Claimant
sustained work

- related injuries described in an approved stipulation as sprain/strains of the right ankle and cervical spine region, lo w back pain , and discomfort in both
shoulders.

In a February 2006 decision, WCJ Scott Olin determined that all work

related disability of the right ankle, right knee, and low back ceased as of November 2004. However, WCJ Olin also determined that Claima nt remained totally disabled from symptom s related to his cervical spine and shoulder conditions

.

In November 2011, WCJ McCormick modified Claimant’s benefits to
a 500

- week period of partial disability based on an impairment rating evaluation of
35%. In April 2015, WCJ Deni se Krass issued a decision denying Employer’s termination, suspension and modification petitions based on a finding that Claimant’s symptom s related to cervical spine and shoulders continued and prevented him from returning to work in more than a light

- duty capacity. In particular, WCJ Krass determined that none of the jobs identified by Employer’s vocational expert were sufficiently light duty in nature for Claimant.

In May 2017, Employer filed a new termination petition alleging
C laimant fully recovered from his work

- related injuries as of March 2, 2017 , based3

on an independent medical examination (IME) performed by Dr. Dennis W. Ivill (IME Physician). In July 2017, Claimant filed a reinstatement petition seeking to modify his ben efits from partial disability to ongoing total disability based upon the Supreme Court’s decision in Protz v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Derry
Area Sch ool Dist rict ) , 161 A.3d 827 (Pa. 2017).

In August 2017, Dr. Stanley Askin completed a UR deter mination finding that Claimant’s treatment by Dr. Randall N. Smith ( Claimant’s Physician) , a board

- certified orthopedic surgeon, from April 21, 2017, and ongoing, was unreasonable and unnecessary. This included office visits at any frequency, the May
2017 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the cervical spine, prescription medications, over the counter aspirin (81 mg daily), and supplements. On the same day, Dr. Nathan Schwartz completed a UR determination finding Claimant’s treatment with Ms. Lydia A. Reese, L.Ac. (Acupuncturist), an acupuncture practitioner, unreasonable and unnecessary after April 7, 2017. Claimant timely filed UR review petitions regarding both UR determinations.

B. Employer’s Evidenc e In support of its termination petition, Employer presented IME Physician’s deposition testimony. IME Physician , board certified in physical medicine and rehabilitation, reviewed C laimant’s numerous medical records. He
learned that Claimant began treat ment with Dr. Richard H. Kaplan (Physiatrist), who
is board certified in physical medicine and rehabilitation, in 2003. Physiatrist , who practices with Claimant’s Physician, treats Claimant with acupuncture, prescription4

pain killers and sleeping pills. These medications include Tramadol, Cyclobenzaprine, Ibuprofen, Lyrica and Relistor.

Claimant’s complaints included neck pain radiating down the bilateral upper extremities over the shoulder i nto the elbow area. The pain was sharp and

constant . It incr eased with range of motion. Claimant also reported headaches that felt like migraines and right ankle pain; neither of these two conditions were determined to be related to Claimant’s work injury.

IME Physician also physically examined Claimant. IME Ph ysician noted that Claimant ambulated without an antalgic gait. Claimant’s neck examination revealed normal curvature of the cervical spine, and no palpable trigger points in the bilateral cervical paraspinal, levator scapulae or trapezius muscles.
Claim ant had no pain in the spinous processes and a negative Spurling’s sign bilaterally. Claimant’s bilateral upper extremities had normal reflexes and strength throughout. Sensation was intact to light touch. The circumference of both arms
was the same. C laimant had negative Tinel’s at the bilateral greater occipital nerves, bilateral elbows, and bilateral wrists. Claimant also had negative Phalen’s sign and reverse Phalen’s. IME Physician also performed Jaymar hand grip dynamometer testing, which showed inconsistencies.

IME Physician also evaluated Claimant’s lower extremities. His objective physical examination findings were all normal.5 Ultimately, IME Physician opined within a reasonable degree of medical certainty that as of his March 2, 2017 exa mination , Claimant fully recovered from his cervical sprain and strain, and his discomfort in both shoulders. Therefore, IME Physician executed an affidavit of full recovery.

Employer also submitted into evidence a surveillance summary and
video of surv eillance conducted in July 2017 by Prime Source Investigations (Investigator). Surveillance observed Claimant lifting and carrying recycling and trash cans to his neighbor’s porch and side yard. A photo showed Claimant lifting the recycling bin over his head with his left arm.

Later in July 2 01 7, Investigator observed Claimant, a Jehovah’s Witness, standing on a corner talking to others before entering a vehicle with others and returning to Kingdom Hall, their place of worship. Investigator also observed Claimant pulling a large suitcase and setting up what appeared to be a portable display of pamphlets. Claimant moved without restriction and gestured using his
hands and arms.

In opposition to Claimant’s UR review petition regarding Claimant’s Physician ’s care , Employer presented Dr. Askin’s UR determination report . Dr.
Askin reviewed Claimant’s office visits, medications and diagnostic studies from April 21, 2017, and ongoing. Dr. Askin noted that Claimant’s Physician provided palliative care for Claimant. However, Claimant’s Physician ’s examinations did not identify any atrophy, weakness, or sensory imperfection. Rather, Claimant’s Physician ’s examinations merely indicated pain and discomfort over the center of6

the spine that has been unyie lding despite the passage of time, acupuncture treatment, and various medications.

Dr. Askin found that Claimant had no disc herniation, no neurologic impairment and no surgery. Thus, Dr. Askin determined that from April 21, 2017, and ongoing, all treat ment rendered to Claimant by Claimant’s Physician was unreasonable and unnecessary. This included office visits at any frequency, a May 2017 cervical spine MRI scan , prescription medications and supplements. Dr. Askin
based his assessment on the fact tha t Claimant’s Physician ’s records showed no treatment goals and did not appear to be changing the treatment modalities. Dr. Askin also noted that there were no measurable gains in Claimant’s condition.

In opposition to Claimant’s UR review peti tion regarding Acupuncturist ’s care, Employer presented Dr. Schwartz ’s UR determination report

. Dr. Schwartz reviewed Acupuncturist’s treatment of Claimant from April 7, 2017
, and ongoing. The doctor noted that Acupuncturist began treating Claimant in Ju ne 2007. At that time, Claimant complained of upper back and neck pain with right shoulder/trapezius radiation. Claimant had been taking numerous medications.

Dr. Schwartz further reported that the documentation provided was inadequate to support the t reatment under review. B ased on practice guidelines, there is no support for acupuncture treatments for the diagnosis of cervical root disorders, other cervical displacement, high cervical region , and other cervical disc displacement in mid cervical regio ns. In addition, treatment with acupuncture is typically applied after the failure of other traditional , conservative management7

techniques. The goal of acupuncture is to restore the body’s natural energy flow, thereby eliminating the need for endless acupuncture sessions. Dr. Schwartz concluded that all of Acupuncturist’s treatment, from April 7, 2017, and ongoing, was neither reasonable nor necessary.

C. Claimant’s Evidence In opposition to Employer’s termination and in support of his UR review pet itions, Claimant presented the deposition testimony of Claimant’s Physician

. He first examined Claimant in October 2014. Claimant provided a history of his 2001 work

- related fall , which resulted in injuries to his right ankle, neck, upper back and should ers. Claimant informed Claimant’s Physician that he
still experienced problems with his neck, shoulders and upper back. Upon examination, Claimant’s Physician noted that Claimant had spasms, tenderness and lack of mobility of neck, shoulders and upper ba ck. Claimant’s Physician recommended medication and acupuncture. Also, Claimant’s Physician opined that Claimant could perform some work.

Following his initial appointment, Claimant returned once a month to
see either Claimant’s Physician or Physiatris t

. Claimant’s Physician last saw Claimant in September 2017. At that time, Claimant continued to have pain in the neck, upper back and shoulders. Claimant experienced tightness in his shoulders and pain when he elevated them. Claimant also had a 50% ra nge of motion in his neck, requiring him to use mirrors while driving.8 In May 2017, Claimant underwent an MRI scan and an EMG (electromyography) test. The MRI scan of the cervical spine revealed degenerative changes and protrusions at five different lev els. Claimant’s Physician agreed that Claimant had degenerative changes at almost every level and that the protrusions could be degenerative in nature. Claimant’s Physician also agreed that Claimant
could work with restrictions of no lift ing over 10 to 1 5 pounds, no overhead work, no constant turning of the neck, no repetitive use of the arms, and, on an initial basis,
no more than 4 hours per day.

However, Claimant’s complaints of pain remained constant. In addition to acupuncture which provides only temporary relief, Claimant’s Physician prescribed Tramadol, Lyrica, Mobic, Lorzone, and Cyclobenzaprine

.

Claimant also testified on his own behalf r egarding his medical treatment. Claimant began treating with Physiatrist in 2003. He began seeing Claimant’s Physician in 2014. Claimant sees either Physiatrist or Claimant’s Physician once a month. He also sees Acupuncturist once a week. Acupuncturis t performs acupuncture on Claimant’s head, neck and upper arms. Claimant testified his symptoms have not changed since 2011. In addition, Claimant admitted he has
not looked for work since 2003.

Regarding the surveillance evidence, Claimant acknowledge d lifting a recycling bin weighing 5 to 10 pounds. He also drives his brother’s car. As a Jehovah’s Witness, Claimant participates in activities three to four times a week.9

His duties also include pulling a briefcase or cart. Sometimes, Claimant carrie s a shoulder bag with pamphlets and a tablet.

D. Dispositive Findings
WCJ McCormick made the following dispositive findings. WCJ
McCormick found Claimant’s testimony credible in part. McCormick Op., 7/3/18, Finding of Fa c t (F.F.) No. 16. The WCJ acce pted Claimant’s testimony regarding the work injury as fact. Id. WCJ McCormick also found credible Claimant’s testimony regarding his participation in weekly activities as a Jehovah’s Witness.
Id. However, based on IME Physician’s testimony, WCJ McCormick rejected Claimant’s testimony concerning his ongoing symptomatology and its impact on his ability to return to work. Id.

Notably, WCJ McCormick found IME Physician’s opinions more
credible than those of Claimant’s Physician . F.F. No. 17. Where the opinions of the two medical experts conflicted, the WCJ s pecifically rejected Claimant’s Physician ’s opinions. Id. In particular, WCJ McCormick rejected Claimant’s Physician ’s testi mony that Claimant’s condition remained unchan ged despite over a
decade of treatment. Id. To the contrary, the WCJ found that Claimant’s Physician ’s lack of findings undermined his opinions and that Claimant’s complaints of a lack of range of motion and pain were purely subjective. Id. In short, W CJ McCormick
found Claimant’s Physician ’s testimony “less than compelling” because his disagreement with IME Physician’s testimony was based on Claimant’s continued subjective complaints of pain. Id.10 WCJ McCormick further found that IME Physician thoro ughly
examined Claimant and reviewed his medical records for the last 10 years. F.F. No.
18. The WCJ found particularly significant the lack of any objective findings on
either examination or tests performed that would support a finding of ongoing
disabi lity. Id. The WCJ also noted IME Physician’s compelling testimony that Claimant is not in need of a step

- down program to wean him off Tramadol, an opioid
medication. Id. Therefore, WCJ McCormick concluded that drug rehabilitation was

unnecessary. Id.

Summarizing, WCJ McCormick found that IME Physician’s opinions of full recovery and ability to return to work were supported by the objectively
normal results of Claimant’s physical examination. F.F. No. 20. The WCJ also credited IME Physician’s te stimony that Claimant did not exhibit spasm upon examination of the cervical spine as he had in the past. Id.

Further, although WCJ McCormick found that Claimant had only 50% mobility of his cervical spine, the WCJ attributed that condition to non

- wor k

- related degenerative disc disease. Id. To that point , WCJ McCormick specifically did not find that Claimant’s work

- related cervical sprain and strain aggravated Claimant’s underlying degenerative cervical conditions. Id. In addition, the WCJ did not find that Claimant’s bilateral shoulder discomfort disabled him or required work
restrictions. Id. WCJ McCormick also determined that Claimant did not require further medical treatment for his work injury after IME Physician’s e xamination. Id.11 Accordingly, WCJ McCormick granted Employer’s termination petition effective March 2, 2017. The WCJ also denied Claimant’s two UR review petitions on the basis that all medical treatment subject to UR review, rendered after Claimant’s full recovery in Mar ch 2017, post

- dated his full recovery, thereby rendering the UR review petitions moot. F.F. No. 21.

On appeal, the Board affirmed. The Board noted that IME Physician’s testimony of full recovery provided substantial, competent evidence to support the
W CJ’s grant of Employer’s termination petition. The Board also rejected Claimant’s contention that Employer failed to establish a change in medical condition since the prior IME rejected by WCJ Krass in her 2015 decision.

In so doing, the Board acknowledged that where an employer failed to prevail in prior termination petitions, the employer must establish a change in the claimant’s physical condition since the preceding disability adjudication. Lewis v. Workers’ Comp

. App eal Bd

. (Giles and Ransome, Inc.) , 919 A.2d 922 (Pa. 2007)

. A change in condition may be any change in a claimant’s well

- being that affects his ability to work. Delaware Cty. v. Workers’ Comp

. Appeal Bd. (Browne) , 964 A.2d 29 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). However , there must be a factual finding that the claimant’s physical condition changed

. Id. at 36.

Here, the Board observed that IME Physician examined Claimant in March 2017, approximately three years after the previous IME. IME Physician opined that Claima nt’s physical condition improved to the point of full recovery. As noted above, WCJ McCormick credited IME Physician’s opinion that as of the date12

of his examination, Claimant full y recovered from his work

- related cervical sprain and strain, and his disco mfort in both shoulders. F.F. Nos. 11 ( d ) , 17. Therefore, the Board determined that IME Physician’s testimony established a change in Claimant’s physical condition warranting a termination of Claimant’s benefits. Bd. Op., 4/26/19, at 5. Claimant petitio ns for review. 2

II. Discussion
A. Termination Petition
Claimant first contends the Board erred in affirming WCJ
McCormick ’s termination of benefits as of the date of IME Physician’s March 2017
examination. In a termination petition the employer has the burden of proving by
substantial evidence that a claimant fully recovered from his work injury. Udvari v. Workmen’s Comp. Appeal Bd. (USAir, Inc.) , 705 A.2d 1290 (Pa. 1997)

.

Here, Claimant , citing Lewis , a sserts IME Physician’s testimony fails
to show any change in his condition since the 2015 disability adjudication by WCJ
Krass. Claimant maintains the idea behind Lewis is to prevent serial termination petitions using the same kind of evidence in the hopes of finding a WCJ who will
terminate benefits. Accepting the Board’s interpretation of Lewis in the present case, Claimant a rgues that all an employer would ever have to show in a subsequent termination petition is a later date of examination coupled with an opinion of full

recovery , no objective fin dings , and an ability to return to work. In short, Claimant

2 Our review is limited to determining whether the WCJ’s findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, whether an error of la w was committed or whether constitutional rights were violated. Phoenixville Hosp. v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Shoap) , 81 A.3d 830 (Pa. 2013).13

asserts that IME Physician’s testimony is the exact type of repetitive testimony that the Supreme Court determined does not satisfy the burden of proof in a termination petition. Therefore, Clai mant maintains that IME Physician’s testimony does not establish the necessary change in physical condition required by Lewis

.

We disagree. In Baumann v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Kellogg Co

. ) , 147 A.3d 1283 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016), we determined that whe n a WCJ no longer finds a claimant’s subjective complaints of pain credible, the employer established a change in physical condition sufficient to meet the Lewis standard. W e recognized that a determination as to whether a claimant’s su bjective complaints of pain are accepted is a question of fact for the WCJ.

In Baumann , a WCJ issued a 2009 decision denying a termination petition on the basis that the claimant credibly testified he experienced ongoing cervical and right arm pain despi te an IME concluding that he fully recovered and
could return to work. The WCJ noted that the claimant’s complaints of pain were consistent with his medical expert’s examination results.

Thereafter, the claimant , after further medical treatment and tests , underwent a subsequent IME . Based upon his second examination and a review of additional medical records, the IME physician opined that the claimant fully
recovered from all aspects of his work injury. A different WCJ accepted the IME physician’s testimony as credible and rejected the claimant’s testimony as not
credible as to his ongoing complaints of pain. The new WCJ thus found that the employer established a change in the claimant’s condition. On appeal, the Board14

affirmed

. In affirming the Board, we noted the IME physician’s credited opinions, coupled with the WCJ’s rejection of the claimant’s subjective complaints o f ongoing pain , were sufficient to establish a change in the claimant’s condition under Lewis

.

Here , in 2015 WCJ Krass reject ed the testimony of Employer’s prior IME physician that Claimant fully recovered from his work injury. WCJ Krass also found credible and convincing Claimant’s testimony that he continued to suffer pain and disability as a result of his work injury. See Ex. C

- 1 ( Krass Op., 4/30/15, F .F.
No s . 12, 14 ) ; Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 130a.

However, WCJ McCormick, in her July 2018 decision, found the testimony and opinions of IME Physician more credible and persuasive than those
of Claimant’s Physician

. McCor mick Op., F.F. No. 1 7

. The WCJ also stated several objective reasons for her credibility findings. Id. Notably , the WCJ found Claimant’s Physician ’s testimony less tha n compelling because Claimant’s Physician cited Claimant’s subjective complaints of on going pain as a reason for disagreeing with IME Physician’s opinion of full recovery. Id.

WCJ McCormick further found that u nlike Employer’s prior IME physician, who admitted he did not review Claimant’s medical evidence, IME Physician thoroughly exam ined Claimant and reviewed his medical records dating back over 10 years. F.F. No. 18. In particular, the WCJ stated, “Significant to this Judge is the nature of the current medical treatment and the lack of objective findings
both on examination and on test studies which would support a finding of ongoing disability.” Id. WCJ McCormick also specifically rejected Claimant’s testimony of15

ongoing symptomatology in favor of IME Physician’s testimony of full recovery.
F.F. No. 16.

The WCJ also found Empl oyer’s surveillance evidence compelling. F.F. No. 19. The video surveillance evidence showed Claimant lifting and carrying books and bags while performing religious duties as a Jehovah’s Witness. Id. Thus,
the WCJ determined that the medical evidence a nd the video surveillance evidence both showed that Claimant fully recovered from his work injury. Id.

As we noted in Baumann , neither the Board nor this Court may reweigh the evidence or second guess a WCJ’s credibility determinations. I n light of WCJ
McCormick ’s findings, we hold that IME Physician’s testimony
, that Claimant fully
recovered from his work injury with no residual symptomatology, combined with
WCJ McCormick ’s determination that Claimant’s subjective complaints of ongoing pain were not credible, established a change in Claimant’s physical condition
sufficient to terminate Claimant’s benefits under Baumann

.

B. UR Review Petitions Claimant also contends the Board erred in affirming WCJ McCormick’s denial of his UR review petitions based on the medical evidence. He asserts that in a UR review petition, the employer’s burden is to show that the claimant’s treatment is no longer reasonable and necessary. Glick v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Concord Beverage Co.) , 750 A.2d 919 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2000). Further, Claimant maintains that treatment need not improve or cure a condition or16

symptoms to be reasonable and necessary. Id. Rather , the temporary relief of chronic symptoms can make treatment reasonable and necessary. Id.

Claimant argues I ME Physician’s opinions are not legally competent to support a de nial of his UR review petitions for several reasons. Claimant asserts IME Physician opin ed that opioids were inappropriate for more than two or three weeks after the work injury, and that ac upuncture was only reasonable for a period of eight weeks after the injury. Claimant maintains that prior UR determinations approved the use of opioid

- based medication for longer periods than 2 to 3 weeks , and the use of acupuncture for 8 to 10 years. Cl aimant further alleges that IME Physician, in rendering his opinions, relied on guidelines from the Work Loss Data Institute that have not been adopted in Pennsylvania. B ecause IME Physician based his opinions on facts contradicted by the record, Claimant asserts WCJ McCormick erred in relying on them to deny his UR review petitions.

WCJ McCormick determined Claimant fully recovered from his work injury and terminated his benefits as of Mar ch 2, 2017 . Thus, the treatment provided to Claimant by Claimant’s Physician , from April 27, 2017 and ongoing, occurred
after the effective date of the termination. In short, be cause WCJ McCormick determined that Claimant no longer needed further medical treatment for his work injury after IME Physician’s March 2, 2017 examination, the treatment provided to him after that date was not related to his work injury regardless of whether it was reasonable and necessary. Corcoran v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. ( Capital Cities/Times Leader) , 725 A.2d 868 (Pa. Cmwlth. 19 9 9). W e note that a UR determination that treatment was reasonable and necessary does not establish that17

the treatment was ca u sally related to the work injury or that the claimant remained
disabled

. Id.

Similarly, the treatment provided to Claimant by Acupuncturist after April 7, 2017, which occurred after the date of the termination, could not be related to his work injury regardless of whether it was reasonable and necessary. Id. Consequentl y, we detect no error in the determination s by WCJ McCormick and the Board that grant ing the termination petition rendered Claimant’s UR review petitions moot. 3 Summarizing, b ecause Claimant no longer needed medical

treatment for his work injury at the ti me he received the treatment at issue in the UR review petitions, Employer was not liable for payment for that treatment regardless of whether it was reasonable and necessary. Id

. Therefore, WCJ McCormick’s grant of Employer’s termination petition, effec tive March 2, 2017, rendered Claimant’s UR review petitions moot.

III. Conclusion

Fo r the above reasons, we detect no error in the Board’s decision affirming the WCJ’s order granting Employer’s termination petition and denying Claimant’s UR review petitions. Accordingly, we affirm the Board’s order.

_________________________ ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge

3 A case is moot if there is no actual case or controversy in existence at all states of the controversy. Pap ’s A.M. v. City of Erie , 812 A.2d 591 (Pa. 2002).IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Steven Jones, : Petitioner :

: v. : No. 533 C.D. 2019
: : Workers' Compensation Appeal : Board (SEPTA), : Respondent :

O R D E R

AN D NOW , this 25 th d ay of November , 2019, for the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the order of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board is
AFFIRMED

.

_____ __________________________ ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge