CODE TYPE DESCRIPTION INCLUSIONS EXCLUSIONS

2.2.27 Pedalcycle A pedalcycle is a non-motorized other road vehicle propelled by 

pedaling.

— Bicycle, tricycle, unicycle, pedalcar 

2.2.35 Occupant An occupant is any person who is part of a transport vehicle.

2.2.36 Pedestrian A pedestrian is any person who is not an occupant. — Person on foot

— Person walking, running, jogging, hiking, sitting or

lying within the trafficway or on private property, etc.

— Persons in buildings

— Person on personal conveyance (See 2.2.6.1)

— A person ejected from a transport vehicle who has

come to rest in the trafficway during a prior unstabilized situation 

and struck in a second or subsequent unstabilized situation is 

considered a

pedestrian 

— A person ejected from a transport vehicle during one 

unstabilized situation is still considered an occupant and 

not a pedestrian for the purposes of that unstabilized 

situation

2.2.39 Pedalcyclist A pedalcyclist is any occupant of a pedalcycle in-transport.

2.2.41 Non-Motorist A non-motorist is any person other than a motorist. — Pedestrians

— Occupants of motor vehicles not in-transport

— Occupants of transport vehicles other than motor

vehicles 

2.2.42 Traffic Unit A traffic unit is a land vehicle or a pedestrian. — Motor vehicles in-transport (See 2.2.34), motor

vehicles not in-transport (See 2.2.34.1), railway trains

— Pedestrians and pedalcyclists

— Other non-motorists 

2.2.6.1 Personal Conveyance A personal conveyance is a device, other than a transport device, 

used by a pedestrian (See 2.2.36) for personal mobility assistance or 

recreation. These devices can be motorized or human powered, but 

not propelled by pedaling.

1.) Rideable toys

— Roller skates, in-line skates

— Skateboard

— Skates 

— Baby Carriage

— Scooter

— Toy Wagon

2.) Motorized rideable toys

— Motorized skateboard

— Motorized toy car

3.) Devices for personal mobility assistance

— Segway-style device

— Motorized and non-motorized wheelchair

 Handicapped scooter 

— Golf cart

— Low Speed Vehicle (LSVs) (See 2.2.7.1)

— Go-carts

— Minibike

— "Pocket" motorcycle

— Motor scooter

— Moped (See 2.2.9.4) 

2.3.1 Injury An injury is bodily harm to a person. — Effects of diseases such as stroke, heart attack, 

diabetic coma, epileptic seizure

2.3.2 Fatal Injury A fatal injury is any injury that results in death. (See 3.1.3)

2.3.3 Fatality A fatality is any death resulting from a fatal injury. (See 3.1.3)

American National Standard (ANSI) D16.1-2007, 7th Edition Definitions
ANSI D16.1-2007, 7th Edition Definitions Page 2

CODE TYPE DESCRIPTION INCLUSIONS EXCLUSIONS

2.3.4 Incapacitating Injury An incapacitating injury is any injury, other than a fatal injury, which 

prevents the injured person from walking, driving or normally 

continuing the activities the person was capable of performing 

before the injury occurred. 

— Severe laceration

— Broken or distorted limb

— Skull or chest injury

— Abdominal injury

— Unconsciousness at or when taken from the accident scene

— Unable to leave the accident scene without assistance 

— Momentary unconsciousness 

2.3.5 Nonincapacitating 

Evident Injury

A nonincapacitating evident injury is any injury, other than a fatal 

injury or an incapacitating injury, which is evident to observers at the 

scene of the accident in which the injury occurred. 

2.3.6 Possible Injury A possible injury is any injury reported or claimed which is not a fatal 

injury, incapacitating injury or nonincapacitating evident injury.

3.1.2 Categories There are five mutually exclusive categories for classification of 

injured persons. In order of precedence, these are:

— person with fatal injury

— person with incapacitating injury

— person with nonincapacitating evident injury

— person with possible injury

— person with no injury

3.1.3 Time of Classification Injuries should be classified on the basis of conditions at the scene of 

the accident. The single exception to this rule applies to fatal injuries. 

If any injury results in death within a specified period after the road 

vehicle accident in which the injury occurred, the injury classification 

should be changed to fatal injury. For general use in the 

administration of highway safety programs, the specified period is 30 

days. This 30-day fatality counting rule is suitable for most 

applications, but other fatality counting rules are sometimes needed 

to meet specialized requirements. A 12-month rule for counting 

fatalities is used under World Health Organization procedures 

adopted for vital statistics reporting in the United States. Experience 

indicates that, of the deaths from motor vehicle accidents which 

occur within 12 months of those accidents, about 99.5 percent occur 

within 90 days and about 98.0 percent occur within 30 days.

http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/07D16.pdf