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Examining(Techniques(and(Chemistries(

For(Managing(Bacteria,(Scaling(And(

Corrosion(
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Agenda(

• Quan7fying.bacteria.

– Accepted.methods.

– Rapid.detec7on.methods.

• Tube>blocking.test.

– What.is.it?.

– How.is.it.used?.

• Hydrozonix.case.studies.

2.

Scale(

Bacteria(

Barium'Sulfate'

Calcium'Carbonate''

SRB'on'le3'
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• Types.of.sample.collec7on.methods.

– Planktonic

– Sessile.

• Enumera7on.

– Two.primary.methods.

• Most.probable.number.method.(SM.9221).

– Units.=.most.probable.number.per.ml.

– 14.days.for.APB.

– 28.days.for.SRB.

• Filtra7on.method.(SM.9215).

– Units.=.colony.forming.units.per.ml.

– 2.days.but.not.as.accurate.

– Normally.show.lower.than.actual.numbers.

– Understand.test.accuracy.

3.

Predominant(Bacteria(Tes=ng(Methods( Agenda(
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Rapid(Bacteria(Detec=on(

• qPCR.–.quan7ta7ve.polymerase.chain.

reac7on.

– Detects.and.quan7fies.specific.genes.of.

bacteria.

– Expensive.

• FISH.–.fluorescence.in.situ.hybridiza7on.

– Chemical.fluorescent.added.to.filtered.sample.

– Bacteria.show.up.as.spots.that.are.counted.

• ATP.–.adenosine.triphosphate.

– Molecule.found.in.all.living.organisms.

– Test.uses.this.molecule.to.measure.bacteria.

presence.

4.
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TubeBBlocking(Test(

! Flow.fluid.through.1/16”.capillary.pipe.

! Heat.to.reservoir.temperature.

!Measure.flowing.pressure.at.constant.rate.

! Pressure.increase.=.scale.deposi7on.in.pipe.

! Used.to.determine.appropriate.scale.

inhibitor.dosing.
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Hydrozonix(EF80(

On>the>Fly.Treatment.

80.Barrels.Per.Minute.

No.Liquid.Chemicals.Used.

Microbial.Control.and.Scale.Inhib7on

6.
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EF80(on(a(Frac(in(West(Texas(

7.
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Compe==on(Comparison(Matrix(

OzonixTM Chlorine(Dioxide(

Liquid(Biocide(

(e.g.,(glute/

quat)(

Liquid(Scale(

Inhibitor((e.g.,(

phosponate)(

Iron(Control(

Agent((chela=ng(

agent)(

Compa=bility(w/(Other(Frac(

Chemicals((Fric=on(Reducer(/(

Linear(&(Crosslink(Gel)(

FRICTION(

REDUCER( GEL(

Bacteria(Treatment(

Scale(Inhibi=on(

Iron(Control(

Iron(Sulfide(Preven=on(/(

Treatment(

Hydrogen(Sulfide(Preven=on(/(

Treatment(

Significant(Favorable(

Impact(

Minimally(Favorable(

Impact(

Zero(or(Unfavorable(

Impact(

8.
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CASE.STUDY.DESCRIPTION.

• Permian.Basin,.West.Texas.

• Frac.fluid.treatment.

• On>the>fly.treatment.at.80.bpm

• Mul7>stage.slickwater frac

• Rig.up:..trea7ng.80/20.fresh.water.flowback.mixture.

9.

Case(Study(1(–(Bacteria(Treatment(
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Case(Study(1(–(Bacteria(Treatment

0.

50,000.

100,000.

150,000.

200,000.

250,000.

300,000.

3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 8. 9. 9. 10. 10. 11. 11.

#(of(Cells(Per(Milliliter(

Stage(Number(

OnBtheBFly(Bacteria(Treatment(Results((11(Stages)(

Influent.

Effluent. 99.98%

REDUCTION 

10.
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CASE.STUDY.DESCRIPTION.

• Marcellus.shale.flowback.water.

• 30,000.mg/l.total.dissolved.solids.

• Pit.treatment.

• 60,000.bbl.treated.in.three.days.

• Rig.up:..circula7ng.pit.

11.

Case(Study(2(–(Scale(Inhibi=on(
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>5.00.

0.00.

5.00.

10.00.

15.00.

20.00.

25.00.

30.00.

35.00.

40.00.

0.00. 1.00. 2.00. 3.00. 4.00. 5.00. 6.00. 7.00. 8.00. 9.00.

Change(in(Differen=al(Pressure((PSIG)(

Time(in(Hours(

TubeBBlocking(Test(Results(–(A(Test(for(Scaling(Tendency(

Effluent.>.Treated.Fluid.

Influent.>.Raw.Fluid.

12.

Case(Study(2(–(Scale(Inhibi=on(

96.40%

REDUCTION 

In scale 

deposition 
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Case(Study(3(–(Fric=on(Reducer(Compa=bility(

CASE.STUDY.DESCRIPTION.

• Wolfcamp.produced.fluid.

• 97,900.mg/l.total.dissolved.solids.

• Treatment.from.frac.tanks.

• Treated.at.20.bpm
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50.

55.

60.

65.

70.

75.

80.

2. 4. 6. 8. 10. 12. 14. 16.

%(Fric=on(Reduc=on(

Time((min)(

Anionic(Fric=on(Reducer(Performance(@(0.5(Gallons(per(Thousand(

Duncan.Tap.Water.

Raw.Water.

Treated.(One.Pass).

14.

Case(Study(3(–(Fric=on(Reducer(Compa=bility(

20.25%

improvement 

In friction 

reducer 

performance 
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Ozone(–(O3(

.....Ahacks.organics,.kills.bacteria.

.....Oxidizes.heavy.metals.

Hydrodynamic(Cavita=on(

.....Efficient.mass.transfer.of.ozone.

.....Cavita7on.aids.in.killing.bacteria.

Electrochemistry(

.....DC.electrodes.aid.chemical.decomposi7on.

.....Creates.hydroxyl.radicals.(strong.oxidant).from.residual.O2.

........Forces.electrochemical.precipita7on.of.hardness.salts

Acous=c((Ultrasonic)(Cavita=on(

..... Sonoluminescence.aids.in.killing.bacteria.

......Ultrasound.cleaves.precipitated.hardness.salts.into.nano>sized.suspended.par7cles.

15.

OzonixTM(Science(
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