ARTHUR G. HU,

and JU-SHET

Cyclopoid Copepods

of the Genus

r Pseudanthessius

Associated with

Crinoids in Madagascar

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY -1970 NUMBER 54
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 54

Arthur G. Humes Gyclopoid

and Ju-Shey Ho Q f ^

Pseudanthessius

Associated with

Crinoids in Madagascar

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

I97O
ABSTRACT

Humes, Arthur G., and Ju-Shey Ho. Cyclopoid Copepods of the Genus Pseudanthessius

Associated with Crinoids in Madagascar. Smithsonian Contributions to Z°°l°§yi

54:1-20. 1970.—At Nosy B6, Madagascar, five species of cyclopoid copepods belonging to the genus Pseudanthessius occur on various crinoids. Three of these species,

P. madrasensis Reddiah, 1966, P. major Stock, 1967, and P. minor Stock, 1967, are

redescribed. Two species are described as new: P. angular is new species, and

P. rostellatus, new species.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's

annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1970

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cents (paper cover)
Arthur G. Humes

and Ju-Shey Ho

Cyclopoid Copepods

of the Genus

Pseudanthessius

Associated with

Crinoids in Madagascar

Three species of the genus Pseudanthessius are known

to be associated with crinoids. At Madras, India,

Reddiah (1966) found P. madrasensis Reddiah, 1966,

on unidentified crinoids. In the Gulf of Aqaba, Stock

(1967) recovered P. minor Stock, 1967, from Lamprometra klunzingeri (Hartlaub) and P. major Stock, 1967,

from Heterometra savignyi (J. Miiller) and L. klunzingeri.

In the vicinity of Nosy B6, in northwestern Madagascar, all three of these copepods have been found,

in addition to the two new species described below.

The copepods were collected by the first author

during field work made possible as follows: in 1960

during an expedition of the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia, in 1963-1964 as part of

the United States Program in Biology of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and in 1967

supported by a grant (GB-5838) from the National

Science Foundation. The study of the copepods has

been aided by another grant from the National

Science Foundation (GB-8381X).

All figures have been drawn with the aid of a

camera lucida. The letter after the explanation of

each figure refers to the scale at which it was drawn.

The following abbreviations are used: Ai, first

antenna; A2, second antenna; MXPD, maxilliped;

and P1} leg 1.

All measurements of the body lengths have been

made from specimens in lactic acid and do not

include the setae on the caudal rami. The lengths of

Arthur G. Humes and Ju-Shey Ho, Department of Biology, Boston

University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215.

the segments of the first antenna have been measured

along their posterior nonsetiferous margins.

We are greatly indebted to Miss Ailsa M. Clark

of the British Museum (Natural History), London,

for the identifications of the crinoid hosts.

This paper comprises the following: (1) a redescription of Pseudanthessius madrasensis Reddiah,

1966, from Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck); (2)

descriptive notes on Pseudanthessius major Stock, 1967,

from Cenometra emendatrix (Bell), Heterometra qfricana

(A. H. Clark), Stephanometra indica (Smith), Lamprometra klunzingeri (Hartlaub), Liparometra? sp., and

Dichrometra sp.? qfra A. H. Clark; (3) descriptive

notes on Pseudanthessius minor Stock, 1967, from

Heterometra qfricana, Lamprometra kluzingeri, Liparometra? sp., and Dichrometra sp.? qfra; (4) a description

of Pseudanthessius angularis, new species, from Stephanometra indica and Dichrometra sp.? qfra; and (5) a

description of Pseudanthessius rostellatus, new species,

from Comaster sp.? nov. aff. distinctus (P. H. Carpenter).

Pseudanthessius madrasensis Reddiah, 1966

FIGURES 1-28

Collections in Madagascar comprised approximately

440 individuals from Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck),

as follows: 39 99, 17 d"d", and 1 copepodid from

26 hosts, in 2 m, under dead Acropora, Pte. Ambarionaomby, Nosy Komba, near Nosy B6, 18

August to 12 October 1960; 2 99, 9 cf cf, and 2

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 1-6.—Pseudanthessius madrasensis Reddiah, 1966, female: 1, dorsal (A); 2, urosome, dorsal

(B); 3, area of attachment of egg sac, dorsal (c); 4, caudal ramus, dorsal (c); 5, rostrum, ventral

(D); 6, first antenna, dorsal (E).

copepodids from 6 hosts, in 1 m, Nosy N'Tangam,

a small island on the western coast of Nosy B6,

25 August 1960; 19 99, 6 & d", and 5 copepodids

from 4 hosts, in 1 m, Pte. Mahatsinjo, Nosy B6,

18 and 26 October 1960; 4 99 and 7d"d* from

3 hosts, in 1.5 m, Nosy N'Tangam, 20 October

1960; 16 99, 3 cfcf, and 2 copepodids from 2 hosts,

in 2 m, Antsamantsara, north of Madirokely, Nosy

B6, 31 October 1960; 15 99, 10 cfcf, and 1 copepodid from 13 hosts, in 0.5 m, under dead Acropora,

Pte. Ambarionaomby, 24 June 1963; 9 99 from

3 hosts, in 1 m, Pte. Ambarionaomby, 3 July 1963;

38 99, 13 o"d\ and 3 copepodids from 19 hosts,

in 1 m, Pte. Ambarionaomby, 3 September 1963;

25 99, 5 cf cf, and 3 copepodids from 30 hosts, in

1 m, Pte. Ambarionaomby, 30 October 1963;

33 99, 34 cfcf, and 4 copepodids from 17 hosts, in

1 m, Pte. Ambarionaomby, 28 November 1963;

8 99 and 8 c? o* from 1 host, in 2 m, Ambato Rano,

a small island southeast of Nosy Komba, 13°30'45"S,

48°22'55"E, 2 October 1964; 19 99, 5 tfo", and

1 copepodid from 16 hosts, in 1 m, under dead

Acropora, Pte. Ambarionaomby, 8 June 1967; 29 99

and 13 cfo" from 25 hosts, in 1 m, Pte. Ambarionaomby, 26 June 1967; 1 9 from 1 host, in 3 m, Pte.

Mahatsinjo, Nosy B6, 7 June 1967; 13 99 from 1
NUMBER 54

FIGURES 7-14.—Pseudanthessius madrasensis Reddiah, 1966, female: 7, second antenna, posterior (E);

8, tip of second antenna, anterior (c); 9, labrum, with paragnaths indicated by dashed lines, ventral

(c); 10, mandible and first maxilla, posterior (c); 11, second maxilla, posterior (c); 12, maxilliped,

inner (c); 13, area between maxillipeds and first pair of legs, ventral (E); 14, leg 1 and intercoxal

plate, anterior (F).

host, in 1 m, Ambatoloaka, Nosy B6, 23 June 1967;

and 4 99 and 7 0*0* from 1 host, in 15 m, Bane

du Touareg, south of Nosy B6, 13°32'05"S,

48°15/20"E, 1 September 1967.

Specimens have been deposited in the United

States National Museum and in the Zoologisch

Museum, Amsterdam.

The following redescription supplements Reddiah's

brief diagnosis, in which certain appendages were

left undescribed.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 1) with a broad subtriangular cephalosome. Length 0.68 mm (0.63-0.73

mm) and greatest width 0.36 mm (0.32-0.39 mm),

based on 10 specimens. Ratio of length to width

of prosome, 1.37:1. Ratio of length of prosome to

that of urosome, 2.55:1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 2) 55 X 83/x. Between

this segment and genital segment a weakly defined

ventral intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment

83 X 100/x. Areas of attachment of egg sacs situated

dorsolaterally just behind middle of segment. Each

area (Figure 3) bearing two naked setae, 13M and
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

33M long, with a spiniform process between them.

Three postgenital segments, 26 X 55M, 24 X 51 M,

and 29 X 50M, from anterior to posterior. Posteroventral margin of anal segment naked.

Caudal ramus (Figure 4) 25 X 22M in greatest

dimensions, length including terminal ventral flap.

Outer lateral seta 55M, dorsal seta 28M, outermost

terminal seta 104/*, innermost terminal seta 130/ti,

and two median terminal setae (242 M, outer, and

350M, inner). All setae naked.

Dorsal surface of prosome and dorsal and ventral

surfaces of urosome ornamented with only a few

small hairs (sensilla).

Egg sac (Figure 1) elongated (528 X 154M),

extending a little beyond tips of longest ramal setae,

and containing approximately 55-65 eggs, each

about 56/x in diameter.

Rostrum (Figure 5) weakly developed, and lacking

a distinct posteroventral margin.

First antenna (Figure 6) 232 M long. Lengths of its

seven segments: 25 (39/* along its anterior margin),

72, 20, 41, 30, 19, and 11/x, respectively. Formula for

armature: 4, 13, 6, 3, 4 + 1 aesthete, 2 + 1 aesthete,

and 7 + 1 aesthete. All setae naked.

Second antenna (Figure 7) with formula 1, 1, 3,

II + 1 + 4. Fourth segment 81 it along outer edge,

51/i along inner edge, and 21/x wide. This segment

bearing terminally two unequal claws (17M and

25M), a stout annulated seta with a unilateral lamella

(Figure 8), and four slender setae. Appendage lacking

fine ornamentation, and all its setae naked.

Labrum (Figure 9) with two nondivergent posteroventral lobes.

Mandible (Figure 10) bearing on its convex margin

a scalelike process and on its concave margin a row of

small spinules. Lash short and naked. Paragnath

(Figure 9) an elongated lobe ornamented distally

with a few hairs. First maxilla (Figure 10) bearing

three setae. Second maxilla (Figure 11) with an unarmed first segment. Second segment produced to

form a unilaterally spinose lash, and bearing a dorsal

surficial barbed seta and a posterior proximal setule.

Maxilliped (Figure 12) with two naked setae on second

segment; third segment bearing a short spine, a

minute setule, and produced to form a spiniform tip.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair of

legs not protuberant. A fine line connecting bases of

maxillipeds (Figure 13).

Legs 1-4 (Figures 14-17) with 3-segmented rami

except for endopod of leg 4 which consists of a single

segment. Armature of legs as follows (Roman numerals indicate spines; Arabic numerals, setae):

Pj coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; 111,1,4

enp 0-1; 0-1; I, 5

P2 coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; HI,I,5

enp 0-1; 0-2; 1,11,3

P3 coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; HI,I,5

enp 0-1; 0-2; I, II, 2

P* coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; 11,1,5

enp 1, I

Inner seta on coxa of legs 1-3 long and plumose,

but in leg 4 this seta minute (3M) and naked. Inner

margin of basis of all four legs naked. In leg 1 proximalmost outer spine on third segment of exopod

unusually short (4M) in relation to adjacent distal

spine (8M). First segment of endopod of legs 1-3

with a spinulose fringe along its outer edge (in leg

3 with short proximal row of hairs also) and distal

outer angle of this segment rounded. Last segment

of endopod of leg 2, 24M long and its spines 10, 11,

and 18M, respectively. Last segment of endopod of

leg 3, 28M, and its spines 13, 23, and 50M- In leg 4,

exopod 107 M long. Endopod 62 X 14M, terminally

with its naked seta 48M and its inner barbed spine

58M. Inner row of hairs and a few small spinules

near insertion of terminal elements.

Leg 5 (Figure 18) consisting of a large spiniform

seta (77M), a slender seta (39M), and a dorsal seta

(22M), all three setae naked.

Leg 6 probably represented by two setae near

attachment of each egg sac (Figure 3).

Color in life in transmitted light translucid, intestine reddish brown, eye red, egg sacs opaque gray.

MALE.—Body (Figure 19) with a less-broadened

and triangular cephalosome than in female. Length

0.48 mm (0.44-0.58 mm) and greatest width 0.19

mm (0.18-0.23 mm), based on ten specimens. Ratio

of length to width of prosome, 1.67:1. Ratio oflength of prosome to that of urosome, 1.73:1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 20) 22 X 52M- Between

this segment and genital segment only a trace of a

ventral intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment

84 X 84M in dorsal view, tapered anteriorly and

broadended posteriorly. Four postgenital segments,

21 X 38M, 19 X 38M, 16 X 36M, and 18 X 35M

from anterior to posterior.

Caudal ramus similar to that of female, but smaller

(18.5 X 16.5M).

Surface of body bearing only a few hairs as in

female.
NUMBER 5 4

Rostrum similar to that of female.

First antenna like that of female, but an aesthete

added on segment 2, as in P. major and P. minor.

Second antenna, labrum, mandible, paragnath, first

maxilla, and second maxilla resembling those of female.

Maxilliped (Figure 21) 4-segmented, assuming that

proximal part of claw represents fourth segment.

Second segment bearing two naked setae and a

single row of spines. Claw in some specimens bent

(94M along its axis) as in Figure 21, but in others

evenly arched (60M along its axis) as in Figure 22;

bearing usual two unequal proximal setae.

Area between maxillipeds and first pair of legs

like that of female.

Legs 1-4 with same spine and setal formula as in

female. In leg 1 (Figure 23) proximalmost outer spine

longer (7/n) in relation to adjacent distal spine (11M)

than in female. In legs 1-3 distal outer angle of first

segment of endopod forming a spiniform process rather

than being rounded as in female. Last segment of

endopod in legs 1-3 showing sexual dimorphism in

nature of armature. In leg 1, two outer setae stout and

somewhat spiniform. In a male with a bent claw on

maxilliped the segment in leg 2 (Figure 24) 30M long

and its three spines 13, 18, and 38M; segment in leg 3

(Figure 26) 36M long, with its spines 18, 31, and 50M,

with longest spine recurved. In a male with an evenly

arched claw on maxilliped, last segment in leg 2

(Figure 25) 20M and its spines 9, 12, and 24M; segment

in leg3 (Figure 27) 22M, with its spines 12, 21, and 38M,

longest spine straight.

In leg 5 two elements ventral to dorsal seta about

37M and naked (Figure 20).

Leg 6 (Figure 26) consisting of a posteroventral

flap on genital segment, bearing two naked setae (20M

and 35M), and a rather long and slender spiniform

process (12M).

Spermatophore not observed.

Color in life resembling that of female.

REMARKS.—Through the kindness of Mr. B. K.

Tikader, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, we

have been able to dissect one paratypic female of

Pseudanthessius madrasensis Reddiah, 1966. A detailed

study of this paratype has shown no significant differences from the Madagascan material.

Reddiah's description and figures contain certain

errors. The armature of the first antenna and the

spine and setal formula of legs 1-4 are as given in the

description above, not as Reddiah has shown them.

Reddiah described a row of denticles on the first two

segments of the exopod of leg 2, but there are no such

denticles in the paratype or in the specimens from

Madagascar. The position of these supposed denticles

lies along a prominent striated muscle, whose striations may have been misinterpreted as ornamentation.

The outer articulated spine on the second segment of

the endopod of leg 3, shown in Reddiah's figure 2L,

is only an unarticulated spiniform process.

Although we have not had available for study a

paratypic male, we have concluded on the basis of

the identical features of the paratypic female of Pmadrasensis and the females from Madagascar that our

material from Tropiometra carinata is indeed Pseudan.

thessius madrasensis.

The type-specimens of P. madrasensis were collected

from unidentified crinoids in the harbor of Madras,

India. Tropiometra carinata, the host crinoid in Madagascar, has been found in Madras harbor (A. H.

Clark, 1947, p. 286), where it has been recognized

as the subspecies T. carinata clarki Gislen. This may

perhaps have been the host of Reddiah's specimens.

Pseudanthessius major Stock, 1967

FIGURES 29-44

Nearly 900 specimens of this copepod, thus far known

only from the Red Sea, have been collected in Madagascar from six different crinoids, as follows:

From Cenometra emendatrix (Bell): 43 9 9, 42 d" d",

and 23 copepodids from 5 hosts, in 20 m, south of

Tany Kely, a small island to the south of Nosy B6,

10 September 1963; 49 9 9, 24 o* d\ and 13

copepodids from 6 hosts, in 20 m, south of Tany

Kely, 11 October 1963; 23 9 9, 6 o* d\ and 1 copepodid from 2 hosts, in 20 m, south of Tany Kely,

12 October 1963; 19 9 9, 12 o* d* from 2 hosts, in

10 m, northwestern coast of Nosy Ovy (=Berafia),

Isles Radama, 13°59'00"S, 47°46'30"E, 1 October

1964; and 66 9 9, 33 o* d\ and 1 copepodid from 11

hosts, in 20 m, Bane de Dzamandzar, western coast

of Nosy B6, 30 August 1967.

From Heterometra qfricana (A. H. Clark): 4 9 9,

8 c? d\ and 4 copepodids from 1 host, on sand in

18 m, in pass between Nosy B6 and Nosy Komba at

Pte. Lokobe, 14 July 1967; 48 9 9, 32 o" <?, and 17

copepodids from 1 host, on shell fragment on sandy

bottom in 34 m, 1 km south of crater near Ambatoloaka, Nosy Be, 24 July 1967; 7 9 9 from 1 host, in

25 m, trawl 13°29'30"S, 48°02'00"E to 13o28'0D"S,
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 15-20.—Pseudanlhessius madrasensis Reddiah, 1966. 15-18, female: 15, leg 2, anterior (E);

16, leg 3, anterior (E); 17, leg 4 and intercoxal plate, anterior (E); 18, leg 5, dorsal (c). 19, 20, male:

19, dorsal (o); 20, urosome, dorsal (E).

48°02'30"E, southwest of Nosy B6, 11 August 1967;

1 9, 2 cf o* from 1 host, on sand in 17 m, in pass off

Pte. Lokobe, 15 August 1967; 13 9 9, 20 cf cf, and

73 copepodids from 1 host, on octocoral on sandy

bottom in 29 m, 1 km south of crater near Ambatoloaka, 21 August 1967; 2 9 9, 1 cf from 1 host, on

sand in 17 m, in pass between Nosy Be and Nosy

Komba, 16 August 1967; 46 9 9, 18 cf cf from 1 host,

in 17 m, in pass off Pte. Lokobe, 23 August 1967;

24 9 9, 14 o" cf, and 5 copepodids from 3 hosts, on

sand in 17 m, in pass off Pte. Lokobe, 27 August 1967;

and 47 9 9, 20 cf cf, and 10 copepodids from 4 hosts,

in 18 m, near black buoy north of Nosy Varona, a

small island almost between Nosy Be and Nosy

Komba, 30 August 1967.

From Stephanometra indica (Smith): 1 9, 2 cf cf from

1 host, in 2 m, Antsiabe, on southern shore of Nosy

Komba, 8 July 1967; 20 9 9, 17 cf & from 1 host, in

17 m, in pass off Pte. Lokobe, 16 August 1967; and

2 cf cf from 1 host, on sand in 13 m, opposite Antisabe,

2 September 1967.

From Lamprometra klunzingeri (Hartlaub): 2 9 9,

1 cf from 1 host, in 1 m, Pte. Ambarionaomby,

Nosy Komba, 3 September 1963; and 1 9, 4 cf cf,

and 2 copepodids from 1 host, on sand in 13 m,

opposite Antsiabe, 2 September 1967.
NUMBER 5 4

FIGURES 21-28.—Pseudanthessius madrasensis Reddiah, 1966, male: 21, maxilliped, inner (F); 22

maxilliped, postero-inner (c); 23, leg 1, anterior (p); 24, endopod of leg 2, anterior (F); 25, third

segment of endopod of leg 2, anterior (c); 26, endopod of leg 3, anterior (F); 27, third segment of

endopod of leg 3, anterior (c); 28, leg 6, ventral (c).

From Liparometra? sp.: 4 $9, 1 o* from 1 host, on

sand in 15 m, in pass off Pte. Lokobe, 13 June 1967;

3 99, 1 <? from 1 host, in 27-23 m, ..trawl 13°29'S,

48°09/E to 13°28.5'S, 48°11.5'E, south of Nosy B6,

11 August 1967; and 3 99, lcf from 1 host, in 35m,

trawl 13°26.1'S, 48°11.7'E to 13°25.5'S, 48°11/E,

south of Nosy B6, 24 August 1967.

From Dichrometra sp.? afra A. H. Clark: 3 99, 1 cT

from 1 host, in 2 m, Pte. Lokobe, 2 September 1960;

13 99, 3 cf cf from 1 host, in 1 m, west of Pte. Mahatsinjo, Nosy Be, 2 November 1960; 4 99, 3 cTcf from

1 host, in 6 m, Ambariobe, a small island almost

between Nosy B6 and Nosy Komba, 28 December

1963; and 16 99, 13 d" d" from 1 host, in 2 m, Ambariotelo, a small island near Ambariobe, 24 May 1964.

Specimens have been deposited in the United States

National Museum and in the Zoologisch Museum,

Amsterdam.

Although the Madasgascan specimens are readily

determinable from Stock's original description, we

take this opportunity to add certain information,

based upon specimens from Cenometra emendatrix unless

otherwise noted. Structures not mentioned may be

assumed to be essentially as described by Stock.

375-844 O - 70 - 2
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FEMALE.—Length of body (Figure 29) 0.85 mm

(0.79-0.88 mm) and greatest width 0.45 mm (0.43-

0.47 mm), based on ten specimens. Ratio of length to

width of prosome, 1.43:1. Ratio of length of prosome

to that of urosome, 2:1.

Segment of leg 5, 60 X 96M- Between this segment

and genital segment a short and rather weak ventral

intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment 112 X 122M,

with its shape in all specimens like that shown in

Stock's figure 7a rather than like that in his figure 7b.

Attachment area of each egg sac bearing two naked

setae (18M and 13M long) and a spiniform process

(Figure 30). Three postgenital segments, 34 X 69M,

28 X 62M, and 30 X 58M, from anterior to posterior.

Caudal ramus (Figure 31) 22 X 20M, including

terminal ventral flange which bears a row of minute

spinules. Outer lateral seta 45M, dorsal seta 25M, and

outermost terminal seta 74M, all three of them naked.

Innermost terminal seta 110M, with spinules along its

inner edge. Two median terminal setae (275M, outer,

and 400M, inner), both with lateral spinules.

FIGURES 29-37.—Pseudanthessius major Stock, 1967, female: 29, dorsal (H); 30, area of attachment of

egg sac, dorsal (c); 31, caudal ramus, ventral (c); 32, rostrum, ventral (D); 33, labrum, with paragnaths indicated by dashed lines, ventral (c); 34, maxilliped, inner (c); 35, area between maxillipeds

and first pair of legs, ventral (E); 36, third segment of endopod of leg 1, anterior (F); 37, leg 5,

dorsal (F).
NUMBER 5 4

Egg sac (Figure 29) elongated (in specimen drawn,

638 X 187M) and having about 90 eggs, each approximately 62M in diameter. In a female from Liparometra,

each sac containing about 55 eggs; and in one from

Stephanometra, about 40 eggs.

Rostrum (Figure 32) weakly developed and often

showing, to varying degrees, a small median sclerotized knoblike area.

First antenna 250/* long, lengths of its segments

being 28 (50 M along its anterior margin), 64, 20, 42,

38, 23, and 13/*, respectively. Third segment with six

setae (rather than five as described by Stock). All

setae naked.

Last segment of second antenna 44/x along inner

edge, 75M along outer edge, and 19/i wide. Terminal

claws 28 M and 19M, measured along their axes.

Labrum (Figure 33) with two divergent posteroventral lobes.

Mandible having on its convex edge a scale more

prominent than that illustrated by Stock in his figure

8b, and more like mandible of P. madrasensis shown in

our Figure 10. Paragnath a small lobe with a few

38

40

43

FIGURES 38-46.—38-44, Pseudanthessius major Stock, 1967, male: 38, dorsal (A); 39, claw of maxilliped, inner (F); 40, third segment of endopod of leg 1, anterior (F); 41, third segment of endopod

of leg 2, anterior (F); 42, third segment of endopod of leg 3, anterior (F); 43, leg 6, ventral (F); 44,

spermatophores, attached to female, ventral (E). 45, 46, Pseudanthessius minor Stock, 1967, female:

45, dorsal (A); 46, urosome, dorsal (E).
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

hairs. Maxilliped (Figure 34) with two setae on

second segment, and number of denticles on spine and

on spiniform prolongation of third segment varying

from none to four.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair of

legs (Figure 35) only slightly protuberant. A fine line

connecting bases of maxillipeds.

Curved spine on last segment of endopod of leg 1

(Figure 36) finely barbed. Exopod of leg 4, 130M

long, and endopod 60M (including terminal spiniform

process) X 18/ti, with its two terminal elements

47/i (outer) and 71M (inner).

Leg 5 (Figure 37) with a dorsal seta (30M) and

two unequal posterolateral setae, one stout and 108M,

the other more slender and 44/x. All three setae

naked.

Color in life in transmitted light translucent to

slightly opaque, eye red, egg sacs gray.

MALE.—Length of body (Figure 38) 0.67 mm

(0.65-0.70 mm) and greatest width 0.30 mm (0.29-

0.31 mm), based on ten specimens. Ratio of length to

width of prosome, 1.45:1. Ratio of length of prosome

to that of urosome, 1.79:1.

Segment of leg 5, 25 X 47 ju. Between this segment

and genital segment no distinct ventral intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment 88 X 79/x. Four

postgenital segments, 27 X 43M, 20 X 40M, 15-5 X 36M

and 17.5 X 36M, from anterior to posterior. Anal

segment as in female bearing on each side a posteroventral row of spinules (more than four in number as

in Stock's description).

Caudal ramus 17 X 16.5/* and similar to that of

female.

Claw of maxilliped (Figure 39) 90M along its axis,

weakly divided near its middle, bearing two unequal

setae proximally.

Last segment of endopod of leg 1 (Figure 40)

showing fairly strong sexual dimorphism. Outer spine

22M and prominently barbed. Length of segment,

26.5M, with ratio of spine to segment 1:1.2. Two

outermost setae stouter than other three; near their

insertions an antero-inwardly directed spinous process bearing spinules. In specimens from Dichrometra,

Stephanometra, Heterometra, Lamprometra, and Liparometra outer spine 14M with much smaller barbules,

and length of segment 24M, with ratio 1:1.7.

Last segment of endopod of leg 2 usually a with

naked outer proximal spine, but in a male from

Cenometra this spine barbed in right leg (Figure 41)

but smooth in left leg. Length of this segment 40M

and three spines 17, 28, and 46M from proximal to

distal.

Last segment of endopod of leg 3 (Figure 42) with

a naked inner terminal spine in all specimens except

in a male (from Dichrometra) where it is very slightly

barbed.

Leg 5 like that of female except that two posterolateral setae are more equal.

Leg 6 (Figure 43) consisting of a posteroventral

flap on genital segment, bearing two naked setae

(15M and 36M) and a small spinous process.

Spermatophore (Figure 44) attached to female

in pairs, about 85 X 42M, not including neck.

Color in life similar to that of female.

REMARKS.—Although our specimens from Madagascar conform closely to Stock's original description,

there are several small differences. These may be

noted by comparing the above account with Stock's

description. None of the differences is greater than

might be expected as a result of technique of observation or possibly as an expression of variability

related to host preference.

In the Gulf of Aqaba, Stock (1967) found P.

major on Heterometra savignyi (J. Miiller) and Lamprometra klunzingeri (Hartlaub). In Madagascar it occurred

on L. klunzingeri and on the five other crinoids listed

above. The numbers of hosts and their copepods

are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1.—Host crinoids and incidence of Pseudanthessius

major

Species of crinoid

Heterometra qfricana

Cenometra emendatrix

Stephanometra indica

Lamprometra klunzingeri

Liparometra? sp.

Dichrometra sp.? qfra

Totals

Number Average

Number of number of

of hosts P. major P. major

per host

14 416 29.7

21 355 17.0

3 42 14.0

2 10 5.0

3 13 4.3

4 56 14.0

47 892

In Madagascar Heterometra qfricana and Cenometra

emendatrix appear to be hosts favored by P. major.

One specimen of H. qfricana, collected in 29 m on 21

August 1967, had 106 copepods; and another, collected in 34 m on 24 July 1967, had 97. The numbers
NUMBER 5 4 11

collected of the other four species of crinoids are

relatively small, and the average numbers of copepods

per host are not as significant.

Pseudanthessius minor Stock, 1967

FIGURES 45-51 •

Approximately 170 specimens were collected in Madagascar from four species of crinoids, as follows:

From Heterometra qfricana (A. H. Clark): 10 99, 1 d"

from 2 hosts, in 18 m, near black buoy north of Nosy

Varona, a small island almost between Nosy B6 and

Nosy Komba, 30 August 1967.

From Lamprometraklunzingeri (Hartlaub): 2 c? o* from

1 host, on sand in 13 m, opposite Antsiabe, southern

shore of Nosy Komba, 2 September 1967.

From Liparometra? sp.: 12 99, 1 cf, and 4 copepodids from 1 host, on sand in 15 m, in pass off Pte.

Lokobe between Nosy B6 and Nosy Komba, 13 June

1967; 79 99, 7 cfc?1 from 1 host, in 27-23 m, trawl

13°29'S, 48°09'E to 13°28.5'S, 48°11.5'E, south of

Nosy Be\ 11 August 1967; and 15 99 from 1 host, in

35 m, trawl 13°26.1'S, 48°11.7'E to 13°25.5'S,

48°1 l'E, south of Nosy B6, 24 August 1967.

From Dichrometra sp.? qfra A. H. Clark: 24 99, 14

o*cF, and 2 copepodids from 1 host, in 2 m, Pte.

Lokobe, Nosy B6, 2 September 1960.

Specimens have been deposited in the United States

National Museum.

Structures not mentioned in the brief notes which

follow may be regarded as conforming to Stock's

original description. The text and figures are based on

specimens from Dichrometra sp.? qfra unless otherwise

stated.

FEMALE.—Length of body (Figure 45) 0.59 mm

(0.55-0.64 mm) and greatest width 0.21 mm (0.21-

0.22 mm), based on ten specimens. Ratio of length to

width of prosome, 1.96:1. Ratio of length of prosome

to that of urosome, 2.24:1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 46) 41 X 67M- Between

this segment and genital segment a short weak ventral

intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment 88 X %M-

(In some specimens lateral borders of this segment in

dorsal view more rounded than shown in the figure.)

Attachment area of each egg sac bearing two naked

setae (11M and 7 M), with a spiniform process between

them. Three postgenital segments, 24 X 47 M, 18 X

42(i, and 18 X 40M, from anterior to posterior.

Caudal ramus 20 X 15.5M (length including terminal ventral flange). Outer lateral seta 28pi, dorsal

seta 15^, outermost terminal seta 39M, innermost

terminal seta 30/*, and two long median terminal setae

(125/i, outer, and 240M, inner).

Egg sac (Figure 45) elongated and slender (400 X

100M), with about 23-28 eggs, each approximately

60M in diameter, though of irregular dimensions.

Rostrum (Figure 47) with a conspicuous median

sclerotized knob, but weakly defined posteroventrally.

First antenna 125M long. Lengths of its segments:

13 (29M along its anterior edge), 22, 12, 16.5, 20, 14,

and 10M respectively. Third segment with six setae.

All setae naked.

Last segment of second antenna 21M along inner

edge, 40M along outer edge, and 17M wide. Two claws,

19M and 11M (measured along their axes).

Labrum and paragnath like those of P. major.

First maxilla with three elements. Maxilliped shown

in Figure 48.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs similar to that in P. major.

Spine on third segment of endopod of leg 1 with

very small barbules in one female from Liparomtera?

sp.

Exopod of leg 4, 69M long; endopod 34 X 10M,

with outer terminal element 18M and inner 32MMALE.—Length of body (Figure 49) 0.52 mm

(0.51-0.53 mm) and greatest width 0.19 mm (0.19-

0.20 mm), based on ten specimens. Ratio of length

to width of prosome, 1.54:1. Ratio of length of

prosome to that of urosome, 1.45:1.

Segment of leg 5, 29 X 48M- Between this segment

and genital segment no distinct ventral intersegmental

sclerite. Genital segment 99 X 92M- Four postgenital

segments 25 X 40M, 25 X 39M, 17.5 X 36M, and 15.5

X 35M from anterior to posterior.

Caudal ramus 17.5 X 14.5MRostrum smooth, without knob seen in female.

Claw of maxilliped 62 M along its axis and bearing

proximally two unequal elements.

Last segment of endopod of leg 1 (Figure 50)

showing sexual dimorphism. Outer spine 13.5M and

segment 23 M (not including pointed terminal hyaline

process); ratio of spine to segment, 1:1.70. As in two

previous species, two outer setae stouter than others.

Leg 6 (Figure 51) bearing two naked setae (16M

and 26M) and a slender spiniform process.

Spermatophore, attached to females in pairs,

75 X 14M, not including neck, and resembling that

of P. major.
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

REMARKS.—Although each time that P. minor was

collected it was in company with P. major, the separation of the two species was relatively easy. In addition to the interspecific differences listed by Stock

(1967), P. minor may be distinguished from P. major

by the number of eggs and the shape of the egg sac,

by the prominent rostral knob in the female, and

by the nature of the third segment of the endopod

of leg 1 in the male.

In the Gulf of Aqaba Stock (1967) found P. minor

on Lamprometra klun&ngtri (Hartlaub). In Madagascar

it occurred in only one instance on that host; more

commonly it was found on Liparometra? sp., Dichrometra sp.? afra A. H. Clark, and Heterometra africana

(A. H. Clark).

Pseudanthessius angularis, new species

FIGURES 52-66

TYPE MATERIAL.—4 99, 2 o" d* from one Stephanometra indica (Smith), in 2 m, Antsiabe, southern shore

of Nosy Komba, near Nosy B6, Madagascar, 8 July

FIGURES 47-55.—47-51, Pseudanthessius minor Stock, 1967: 47, 48, female: 47, rostrum, ventral (E);

48, maxilliped, inner (c); 49-51, male: 49, dorsal (o); 50, third segment of endopod of leg 1, anterior

(c); 51, leg 6, ventral (F). Pseudanthessius angularis, new species, female: 52, dorsal (H); 53, urosome,

dorsal (D); 54, area of attachment of egg sac, dorsal (F); 55, caudal ramus, dorsal (c).
NUMBER 5 4 13

1967. Holotype 9 and allotype deposited in the United

States National Museum; the three paratypes

(dissected) in the collection of A. G. Humes.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—From Stephanometra indica: 2 99,

1 o" from 1 host, in 6 m, east of Pte. Ambarionaomby,

Nosy Komba, 21 September 1964. From Dichrometra

sp.? qfra A. H. Clark: 1 9 from 2 hosts, in 1 m,

west of Pte. Ambarionaomby, 19 August 1960, and

2 99, 1 cf from 1 host, in 1 m, Ambariobe, a small

island almost between Nosy B6 and Nosy Komba, 3

November 1960.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 52) with a broad prosome.

Length 0.85 mm (0.79-0.89 mm) and greatest width

0.46 mm (0.40-0.50 mm), based on nine specimens.

Segment of leg 1 set off from head by a dorsal transverse furrow. Ratio of length to width of prosome,

1.20:1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome,

2.37:1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 53) 65 X 96M- Between

this segment and genital segment a weakly sclerotized ventral intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment

117 X 113/n in greatest dimensions as seen in dorsal

view, expanded laterally except in its posterior fifth.

The abrupt junction between these two areas with two

FIGURES 56-63.—Pseudantkessius angularis, new species, female: 56, rostrum, ventral (D); 57, second

antenna, anterior (E); 58, first maxilla, anterior (c); 59, maxillipcd, inner (F); 60, leg 1 and intercoxal plate, anterior (E); 61, leg 2, anterior (E); 62, third segment of endopod of leg 3, anterior (E);

63, leg 4, anterior (E).
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

acute posterolateral angles. Areas of attachment of

egg sacs located dorsally at about middle of segment.

Each area (Figure 54) bearing two naked setae

(22M and 8M), with a spiniform process between them.

Three postgenital segments, 31 X 62M, 22 X 56M,

and 24 X 57M, from anterior to posterior. Posteroventral margin of anal segment on both sides bearing

a row of small spines.

Caudal ramus (Figure 55) nearly quadrate,

28 X 25^ in greatest dimensions, length including

terminal ventral flange. Outer lateral seta 44M,

dorsal seta 24M, outermost terminal seta 99M,

innermost terminal seta 180 M, and two long median

terminal setae (320M, outer, and 400M, inner). All

setae naked except dorsal seta, which is lightly

plumose. Four terminal setae inserted dorsally to a

subtriangular terminal flange bearing marginal

spinules.

Dorsal surface of prosome and dorsal and ventral

surfaces of urosome sparsely ornamented with small

hairs.

Egg sac (Figure 52) elongated, 600-650 X 220M,

extending a little beyond tips of ramal setae, and

containing many eggs, each about 56M

 m diameter.

Rostrum (Figure 56) weakly developed.

First antenna 252 ft long, similar in form and armature to that of P. madrasensis. Lengths of its seven

segments: 24 (50M along its anterior margin), 75, 20,

36, 35, 23, and 13M, respectively. All setae naked.

Second antenna (Figure 57) with formula 1, 1, 3,

and II + 5. Fourth segment 68M along outer edge,

39M along inner edge, and 24M wide. Segment bearing

terminally two claws (28M and 17/*) and five slender

setae. Second segment with an axial row of small

spinules on posterior surface. All setae naked.

Labrum resembling that of P. major. Mandible

like that of P. madrasensis. Paragnath similar to that

in P. major. First maxilla (Figure 58) with four elements. Second maxilla like that of P. major. Maxilliped

shown in Figure 59.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair of

legs resembling that of P. major.

Legs 1-4 (Figures 60-63) with same segmentation

and armature as in P. madrasensis except that endopod

of leg 4 bears two setae instead of a spine and a seta

as in that species. Inner coxal seta of legs 1-3 long and

plumose, but in leg 4 this seta much shorter (18M) and

naked. Inner margin of basis of all four legs bearing

a few hairs. In leg 4, exopod 120M long; endopod

55 X 15 M, with both lateral margins bearing a row of

coarse hairs and with two terminal naked setae (39M,

outer, and 70M, inner).

Leg 5 like that of P. madrasensis.

Leg 6 probably represented by two setae near attachment of each egg sac (Figure 54).

Color in life in transmitted light translucid, eye

brownish red, egg sacs light gray.

MALE.—Body (Figure 64) with a much less broadened prosome than in female. Length 0.58 mm (0.56-

0.62 mm) and greatest width 0.24 mm (0.24-0.25

mm), based on three specimens. Ratio of length to

width of prosome, 1.47:1. Ratio of length of prosome

to that of urosome, 1.85:1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 65) 27 X 52M- Between

this segment and genital segment no ventral intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment 88 X 92M,

broadest in its posterior half. Four postgenital segments 25 X 41M, 22 X 39M, 13 X 36M, and 17 X

3 5 M, from anterior to posterior.

Caudal ramus like that of female, but smaller (18 X

17M).

Surface of body sparsely ornamented with hairs as

in female.

Rostrum resembling that of female.

First antenna similar to that of female, but an

aesthete added on segment 2 (as in males of three

preceding species). Second antenna also like that of

female, but axial row of spinules on second segment

absent.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla like those of female. Maxilliped

closely resembling that of P. major. Claw 77M along its

axis.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair of

legs like that of female.

Legs 1-4 with same spine and setal formula as in

female. Sexual dimorphism occurring in endopod of

leg 1 (Figure 66), where spine is straight rather than

recurved, and where two terminal spiniform processes of female are replaced by two rows of prominent

spinules across end of segment. Two outermost setae

stouter than others. Legs 2-4 like those of female.

Leg 5 like that of P. madrasensis.

Leg 6 similar to that in P. major.

Spermatophore not observed.

Color in life resembling that of female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name angularis (Latin,

having corners or angles) refers to the posterolateral

angles on the genital segment of the female.
NUMBER 5 4 15

REMARKS.—The new species may be readily

distinguished from 22 species of Pseudanthessius in

which the caudal ramus is distinctly longer than

wide (at least 1.5:1): P. aestheticus Stock, Humes,

and Gooding, 1963; P. assimilis G. O. Sars, 1917;

P. concinnus Thompson and A. Scott, 1903; P. deficiens

Stock, Humes, and Gooding, 1963; P. dubius G. O.

Sars, 1918; P. ferox Humes and Ho, 1967; P. gracilioides Sewell, 1949; P. gracilis Claus, 1889; P. latus

Illg, 1950; P. liber (Brady, 1880); P. luculentus Humes

and Cressey, 1961; P. mucronatus Gurney, 1927; P.

nemertophilus Gallien, 1935; P. obscurus A. Scott, 1909;

P. procurrens Humes, 1966; P. pusillus Humes, 1969;

P. sauvagei Canu, 1892; P. spinifer Lindberg, 1945;

P. tenuis Nicholls, 1944; P. tkorelli (Brady, 1880);

P. tortuosus Stock, Humes, and Gooding, 1963; and

P. weberi A. Scott, 1909.

Pseudanthessius angularis differs from nine species in

which the caudal ramus is quadrate (or very nearly so)

by its having acute posterolateral angles on the genital

segment of the female. These species are P. anormalus

Ummerkutty, 1966; P. brevicauda Ummerkutty, 1966;

P.foliatus Stock, 1967; P. madrasensis Reddiah, 1966;

P. major Stock, 1967; P. minor Stock, 1967; P. minutus

Reddiah, 1966; P. notabilis Humes and Cressey, 1961;

and P. pectinifer Stock, Humes, and Gooding, 1963.

In P. liber sensu Sewell, 1949, the caudal ramus

was not described or figured. This form, probably

representing a new species (see Humes and Cressey,

1961, p. 81, and Stock, Humes, and Gooding, 1963,

p. 10), is unlike P. angularis in having two very long

elements on the first segment of the first antenna

(the longer of the two being more than half the length

of the appendage) and in its much longer fourth

segment of the second antenna (longer than either

of the first two segments).

Pseudanthessius rostellatus, new species

FIGURES 67-90

TYPE MATERIAL.—30 99, 52 o" o", and 9 copepodids

from 7 Comaster sp.? nov. aff. distinctus (P. H. Carpenter), on sponge in 47 m, 13°29/

S, 48°06'E,

southwest of Nosy B6, Madagascar, 21 August 1967.

Holotype 9, allotype, and 68 paratypes (23 99,

45 cfcf) deposited in the United States National

Museum; the remaining paratypes in the collection

of A. G. Humes.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 67) with moderately

slender prosome. Length 0.77 mm (0.72-0.80 mm)

and greatest width 0.35 mm (0.34-0.36 mm), based

on ten specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome,

1.50:1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome,

2.48:1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 68) 60 X 93/z. Between

this segment and genital segment a very weakly

defined ventral intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment (Figures 68, 70) 99 X 101M in greatest dimensions in dorsal view. Areas of attachment of egg sacs

located dorsolaterally near middle of segment. Each

area (Figure 69) bearing two naked setae (33 pi and

18M), with a small spiniform process between them.

Adjacent and medial to this area a conspicuous spine

(12M). Three postgenital segments, 24 X 64M, 19 X

5 5 M, and 27 X 51M, from anterior to posterior. Posterior margin of anal segment bearing a row of small

spines.

Caudal ramus (Figure 71) 26 X 2 2 M in greatest

dimensions, including terminal ventral flange. Outer

lateral seta 105M and naked, dorsal seta 34M

 an d naked,

outermost terminal seta 135M with inner spinules,

innermost terminal seta 23 7 M with spinules, and two

long median terminal setae (375M, outer, and 500M,

inner), both with spinules. Terminal ventral flange

bearing a row of marginal spinules.

Dorsal surface of prosome and dorsal and ventral

surfaces of urosome ornamented with small hairs.

Egg sac (Figure 67) elongated (418 X 143M) and

containing about 30 eggs, each approximately 6 2 M

in diameter.

Rostrum (Figures 72, 73) well developed and forming a somewhat triangular snoutlike process directed

posteroventrally.

First antenna (Figure 74) 272 M long. Lengths of its

seven segments: 22 (47M along its anterior margin),

50, 18, 46, 52, 40, and 19M, respectively. Formula for

armature same as in four previous species. All setae

naked.

Second antenna (Figure 75) 225M long and unusually slender. Formula: 1, 1, 3, and II + 2 + 3.

Fourth segment 8 5 M along outer edge, 5 5 M along

inner edge, and 15M wide. Terminally with two claws

(24M and 22M), two l°ng> weakly jointed setae, and

three shorter simple setae. Fine ornamentation of

appendage consisting of a row of small spinules along

outer margin of second and fourth segments, and an

angular row of spines on anterior surface of fourth

segment near insertions of claws.
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

67

69

FIGURES 64-69.—64-66, Pseudanthessius angularis, new species, male: 64, dorsal (A); 65, urosome:

dorsal (B); 66, endopod of leg 1, anterior (F). 67-69, Pseudanthessius rostellatus, new species, female,

67, dorsal (A); 68, urosome, dorsal (B); 69, area of attachment of egg sac, dorsal (F).

Labrum (Figure 76) with two rather slender and

slightly pointed posteroventral lobes. Mandible (Figure 77) with a row of prominent spinules across distal

end of scalelike process on its convex margin and spinules along its concave margin. Lash extremely short

and practically indistinguishable from blade. Paragnath (Figure 76) an elongated lobe without hairs.

First maxilla (Figure 78) with three elements. Elongated second segment of second maxilla (Figure 79)

bearing a barbed seta and a seta barbed along one

edge and haired along the other, and produced to

form a long lash spinose along one edge but with rows

of hairs along the other. Maxilliped (Figure 80)

having two elements on second segment, one slightly

spiniform and naked and the other setiform and finely

barbed. Attenuated tip of third segment with a few

minute barbules.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs similar to that in P. major.

Legs 1-4 (Figures 81-84) having same segmentation

and armature as in P. madrasensis, except that endopod

of leg 4 bears two spines instead of a spine and a seta

as in that species. Inner coxal seta of leg 4 short

(6M) and naked, instead of being long and plumose

as in legs 1-3. Inner margin of basis of leg 4 naked.

In leg 4, exopod 135pi long; endopod 66 X 16/x, with
NUMBER 5 4 17

79

FIGURES 70-79.—Pseudanthessius rostellatus, new species, female: 70, genital and postgenital segments, lateral (E); 71, caudal ramus, dorsal (c); 72, rostrum, anteroventral (E); 73, rostrum, lateral

(E); 74, first antenna, dorsal (D); 75, second antenna, anterior (E); 76, labrum, with paragnaths

indicated by dashed lines, ventral (F); 77, mandible, posterior (F); 78, first maxilla, posterior (F);

79, second maxilla, posterior (F).

both lateral margins haired and with two terminal

fringed spines (52M, outer, and 63M, inner).

Leg 5 (Figure 85) having a dorsal seta (34M) and

two posterolateral setae, one 53 n and naked, the other

46/i, basally stouter, and with a few minute barbules.

Edge of segment forming a distinct lobe dorsal to

stouter seta.

Leg 6 probably represented by two setae near

attachment of each egg sac (Figure 69).

Color in life in transmitted light translucid, eye

red, egg sacs light gray.

MALE.—Body (Figure 86) similar in general form

to that of female. Length 0.57 mm (0.53-0.61 mm)

and greatest width 0.23 mm (0.22-0.23 mm), based

on ten specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome,

1.67:1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome,

1.86:1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 87) 41 X 55/x. Between

this segment and genital segment no ventral intersegmental sclerite. Genital segment 86 X 75/x. Four

postgenital segments, 23 X 43M, 18 X 43M, 9 X 42M,

and 17 X 41/i, from anterior to posterior.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 80-83.—Pstudanthessius rostellatus, new species, female: 80, maxilliped, inner (F); 81, leg 1,

anterior (B); 82, leg 2, anterior (B); 83, leg 3, anterior (E).

Caudal ramus like that of female, but smaller

(21 X 19M).

Surface of body ornamented with hairs as in female.

Rostrum, first antenna (without an aesthete added),

second antenna, labrum, mandible, paragnath, first

maxilla, and second maxilla resembling those of

female. Maxilliped (Figure 88) with a slender claw

105/x along its axis.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs like that of female.

Legs 1-4 having same spine and setal formula as

in female. Sexual dimorphism occurring in last

segment of endopod of leg 1 (Figure 89), where two

terminal spiniform processes of female are replaced

by two diagonal rows of spinules converging in an

inwardly directed spiniform process. Two outermost

setae not stouter than others, and not spiniform.

Legs 2-4 like those in female.

Leg 5 (Figure 87) resembling that of female, but

lacking posterodorsal lobe. Two posterolateral setae

about 35 M long.

Leg 6 (Figure 90) consisting of usual posteroventral

flap on genital segment, bearing two naked setae

(44M and 29M) and a small spiniform process.

Spermatophore (Figure 70), attached to female

in pairs, 65 X 27 M, not including neck.

Color in life resembling that of female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name, rostellatus (from
NUMBER 54 19

84

FIGURES 84-90.—Pseudanthessius rostellatus, new species. 84, 85, female: 84, leg 4, anterior (E); 85,

leg 5, dorsal (F); 86-90, male: 86, dorsal (A); 87, urosome, dorsal (B); 88, maxilliped, inner (E);

89, third segment of endopod of leg 1, anterior (c); 90, leg 6, lateral (F).

the Latin rostellum, having a small snout), alludes to

the well-developed snoutlike rostrum.

REMARKS.—The snoutlike rostrum in both sexes

and the pair of spines on the dorsal surface of the

genital segment of the female are distinctive. These

two features, however, are not useful for comparison

with many species since in more than half the species

in the genus the rostrum and the detailed ornamentation of the genital segment are unknown.

Pseudanthessius rostellatus may be separated from 22

species in which the caudal ramus is distinctly longer

than wide (at least 1.5:1). These species are listed

above, under the remarks on P. angularis.

It remains to distinguish the new species from the

ten species in which the caudal ramus is quadrate or

very nearly so. Six of these have a much less developed

rostrum, and in the female lack the pair of spines on

the dorsal surface of the genital segment (P. angularis,

P. madrasensis, P. major, P. minor, P. notabilis, and P.

pectinifer). In three (P. anormalus, P. brevicauda, and

P. minutus), the fourth segment of the second antenna

is relatively shorter (distinctly shorter than the second

segment) and stouter than in the new species. Pseudanthessius foliatus differs by having two jointed

dentate claws on the second antenna and by one of the

elements on leg 5 being a flattened denticulated spine.
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

In P. liber sensu Sewell, 1949 (see above), the fourth

segment of the second antenna is nearly twice the

length of the second segment, while in P. rostellatus

these segments are nearly equal in length.

literature Cited

Brady,G. S.

1880. A Monograph of the Free and Semi-Parasitic Copepoda

of the British Islands. Volume 3, pages 1-83. Ray

Society, London.

Canu, E.

1892. Les Copepodes du Boulonnais, morphologie, embryologie, taxonomie. Travaux du Laboratoire de Zoologie

Maritime de Wimereux-Ambleteuse (Pas-de-Calais), 6:1-

354.

Clark, A. H.

1947. A Monograph of the Existing Crinoids. Volume 1.

The Comatulids. Part 4b.—Superfamily Mariametrida (Concluded—the Family Colobometridae)

and Superfamily Tropiometrida (Except the Families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). United

States National Museum Bulletin, 82:1-473.

Claus, C.

1889. Uber neue oder wenig bekannte halbparasitische

Copepoden, insbesondere der Lichomolgiden- und

Ascomyzontiden-Gruppe. Arbeiten aus dem %oologischen

Institute der Universitat Wien und der Z°°l°8iscnen

Station in Triest, 8(3): 327-370.

Gallien, L.

1935. Pseudanthessius nemertophUus nov. sp., cop6pode commensal de Lineus longissimus Sowerby. Bulletin de

la Societi Zoolagique de France, 60(5): 451-459.

Gurney, R.

1927. Zoological Results of the Cambridge Expedition to

the Suez Canal, 1924. XXXIII. Report on the Crustacea:—Copepoda (Littoral and Semi-Parasitic).

Transactions of the Z^ogical Society of London, 22(4):

451-577.

Humes, A. G.

1966. Pseudanthessius procurrens n. sp., a Cyclopoid Copepod

Associated with a Cidarid Echinoid in Madagascar.

Breviora, 246:1-14.

1969. Pseudanthessuis pusillus n. sp., a Cyclopoid Copepod

Associated with a Clypcastroid Echinoid in Madagascar. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 183(3/4)-.268-277.

Humes, A. G. and R. F. Cressey

1961. Deux nouvelles cspcces de Pseudanthessius (Copepoda,

Cyclopoida) parasites des oursins a Madagascar.

Mhnoires de PInstitut Sdentifique de Madagascar, series

F, 1959, 3:67-82.

Humes, A. G. and J.-S. Ho

1967. New Cyclopoid Copepods Associated with Polychaete Annelids in Madagascar. Bulletin of the Museum

of Comparative Z°°^oiy> Harvard University, 135(7):

377-413.

IUg, P. L.

1950. A New Copepod, Pseudanthessius lotus (Cyclopoida:

Lichomolgidae) Commensal with a Marine Flatworm.

Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 40(4):

129-133.

Lindberg, K.

1945. Un nouveau copepode poecilostome de I'Inde de

la famille des Lichomolgidae; Pseudanthessius spinifer,

n. sp. Bulletin de la Societi Zoologique de France, 70(3):

81-84.

Nicholls, A. G.

1944. Littoral Copepods from South Australia (II).

Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Notodelphyoida, Monstrilloida and Caligoida. Records of the South Australian

Museum, 8(1): 1-62.

Reddiah, K.

1966. Two New Pseudanthessius Species (CopepodaLichomolgidae) from the Madras Harbour. Journal

of the Marine Biological Association of India, 8(2): 320-

328.

Sars, G. O.

1917. An account of the Crustacea of Norway with Short Descriptions and Figures of All the Species. Volume 6. Copepoda,

Cyclopoida, Parts 11 and 12, Clausidiidae, Lichomolgidae

(Part). Pages 141-172. Bergen Museum, Bergen.

1918. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway with Short Descriptions and Figures of All the species. Volume 6. Copepoda,

Cyclopoida, Parts 13 and 14, Lichomolgidae (concluded),

Oncaeidae, Corycaeidae, Ergasilidae, Clausiidae, Eunicicolidae. Supplement, pages 173-225. Bergen Museum,

Bergen.

Scott, A.

1909. The Copepoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part I.

Free-Swimming, Littoral and Semi-Parasitic

Copepoda. Siboga Expedition, 29a: 1-323.

Sewell, R. B. S.

1949. The Littoral and Semi-Parasitic Cyclopoida, the

Monstrilloida and Notodelphyoida. John Murray

Expedition 1933-34, Scientific Reports, 9(2): 17-199.

Stock, J.H.

1967. Copepoda Associated with Invertebrates from the

Gulf of Aqaba. 3. The Genus Pseudanthessius Claus,

1889 (Cyclopoida, Lichomolgidae). Proceedings of the

Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen,

Amsterdam, series c, 70(2):232-248.

Stock, J. H.; A. G. Humes; and R. U. Gooding

1963. Copepoda Associated with West Indian Invertebrates. IV. The Genera Octopicola, Pseudanthessius and

Meomicola (Cyclopoida, Lichomolgidae). Studies on

the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 18(77):

1-74.

Thompson, I. C, and A. Scott

1903. Report on the Copepoda Collected by Professor

Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of

Manaar, part I, supplementary report number 7,

pages 227-307.

Ummerkutty, A. N. P.

1966. Description of Two Species of Cyclopoid Copepods,

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sp. Proceedings of the Symposium on Crustacea, Emakulam,

part 1, pages 107-113.

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