A Glossary of Some

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE

TERMS in

ENTOMOLOGY

■■' ' A í^ y

^ f"£ß 6 1962

..^j^WLLE BRANCH

Agricultural Handbook No. 218

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Research Service
A Glossary of Some

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE TERMS

in ENTOMOLOGY

by Ruth O. Ericson

Agriculture Handbook No. 218

Entomology Research Division

Agricultural Research Service

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Washington, D.C. Issued December 1961

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing

Office, Washington 25, D.C—Price 25 cents
PREFACE

Translating scientific papers from foreign languages into

English requires more than finding English equivalents in a dictionary. Sometimes the foreign words do not appear in the foreignlanguage dictionary or the equivalents cited for them are unsuitable. At other times the choice of equivalents is so wide that

proper selection of the preferred English term is difficult.

Dictionaries seldom make shades of meaning clear; they can

usually be gleaned only from the context of the paper itself, from

illustrations accompanying it, from a knowledge of the insect concerned, or by consulting European entomologists familiar with

the common words in technical use.

In older papers on entomology European writers used Latin

technical terms in describing the parts of an insectos body, as

American entomologists still do. But in the 1930's many European

writers began to replace such technical terms by words from the

common speech. Instead of the Latin, and hence universal, "abdomen," some German writers first adopted "Bauch" for the third

section of an insect body. Since this word means abdomen or

venter in man, it was not precise enough to designate the abdomen

in insects. Therefore "Hinterleib" [= hinder part of the body] is

now more generally used for abdomen; whereas "Bauch" is employed to mean the venter or sternum of the abdomen in insects,

in more recent literature.

These common words tend to be used loosely and inconsistently.

Of two Russian collaborators in papers on grasshoppers, for instance, one uses a different Russian word for the sternum and

the thorax, but the other uses the same Russian word for both.

Many of these terms are not the ones preferred by European

specialists in entomology. Many were incorrectly used by amateurs, or by entomologists writing in a language other than their

own. Hence the terms appearing in this Glossary are not necessarily the ones used by the best writers, but the equivalents given

for them were found to be those best suited for the purpose of a

given translation.

Miss Ericson had completed the manuscript for this glossary,

but had no opportunity to review the proofs, at the time of her

death on October 9, 1961.

n
A Glossary of Some

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE TERMS in ENTOMOLOGY

By Ruth O. Ericson, translator. Entomology Research Division,

Agricultural Research Service

A source of difficulty for translators of scientific material is the

ambiguous use of technical terms in some foreign-language papers

on entomology. This Glossary is an attempt to supply satisfactory

English equivalents for many such words which either do not

appear in most dictionaries or for which unsatisfactory equivalents are given in available reference books.

All words have been entered in the Glossary in one comprehensive list in alphabetical order according to the Latin Alphabet as

used in America. That is, Swedish umlauted vowels are treated

as though they had no umlaut. Also, Russian words have been

transliterated into Latin letters and entered in the list in alphabetical order after transliteration; that is, words with initial (transliterated) "v" are entered under "v" in the list. This treatment

will make the Glossary more useful to scientists with little knowledge of these languages.

In the Glossary each foreign term is followed by a symbol indicating the language concerned ; i.e., C = Czech, Da = Danish,

Du =: Dutch, F = French, G = German, P = Polish, R = Russian,

S = Swedish.

A few of the taxonomic characters in question are diagrammatically illustrated on the figures at the end of the Glossary.

The 1945 Library of Congress Catalog rules for transliteration were used, except that the last character in the Russian alphabet was transliterated "ya'' instead of "ia." Transliteration is as

follows :

Aa = a, B6 = b, BB = V, Tr = g, JIA = d, Ee = e, Ëë = ë,

}KyK = zh, 33 = z, HH = i, PIH = ï, KK = k,Jlji = 1, MM = m,

HH = n, Oo = o. On = p, Pp = r, Cc = s, TT = t, Yy = u,

0(J) = f, Xx = kh, Uu = ts, ^^ = ch, Ulm == sh, LUm =z shch,

Tj-b r= ", blbi = y, bb r= ', 33 = é, íOK) == iu, HH = ya.

Compilation of a complete glossary of all or even most foreign

entomological terms would be a labor of years. This preliminary

Glossary might well form the nucleus for such a work. Meanwhile,

words not found here should appear in such foreign language

helps as the following:

III
De Vries, Louis. 1940. French-English Science Dictionary

for Students in Agricultural, Biological, and Physical

Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New

York.

De Vries, Louis. 1946. German-English Science Dictionary

for Students in Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Agriculture, and Related Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York.

Callaham, Ludmilla Ignatiev. 1947. Russian-English Technical

and Chemical Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,

New York.

Carpovich, Eugene A. 1958. Russian-English Biological and

Medical Dictionary. Technical Dictionaries Co., New

York.

Von Keler, Stefan. 1955. Entomologisches Wörterbuch. [In

German.] Deutsche Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften zu Berlin, Germany.

Shchegoleva, V. N. 1955. Slovar'-Spravochnik Entomologa. [In

Russian.] State Publishers of Agricultural Literature, Moscow, Leningrad.

Equivalents appearing in this Glossary are based mostly on

Faunas published in the various foreign countries concerned and

in ''Keys to the Fauna of the USSR" available generally in the U.

S. Department of Agriculture Library. Most of these publications

contain definitions and illustrations for the terms used. Equivalents are also based on conversations with specialists publishing in Europe, especially D. Hille Ris Lambers, Bladluisonderzoek

T.N.O., Benekom, Netherlands; Frey Ossiannilsson, Kungl. Lantbrukshögskolan, Institutionen for Växtsjuksomslära, Uppsala,

Sweden; S. L. Tuxen, Universitets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; and P. Vrydagh, Sous-Directeur, Entomology,

in Charge of Coleóptera, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de

Belgique, Brussels, Belgium. I would like to offer my most sincere

thanks to these expert entomologists for their valuable assistance

in bringing this small Glossary into being.

Any corrections to this work and any suggestions for improving

or enlarging it will be gratefully received.

IV
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TERMS in ENTOMOLOGY

aandehul. Da. spiracle, a slitlike opening bordered by a firmer frame.

aan de kant, Du. laterally, on the

Abdomen, G. sometimes used interchangeably with Bauch; usually it

refers to the 3d body section of an

insect body, whereas Bauch refers

to the ventral part of that section.

abgesetzt, G. distinct; setoíf like a

stairstep, as in some aphids the head

is "setoíf" from the body; in others,

it is nearly continuous with it.

abgliedern, G. to setofï by a joint;

dismembered.

Ablaufrinne, G. a groove joined to

stinkgland openings in bugs, or other

similar structure.

Abschnitt, G. p.art; sector; a part

cut off from another part.

Abschreckwirkung, G. repellent effect.

abstehend, G. patulose; spreading.

Achselader, G. axallaris.

•achter. Du. hind; an indefinite suffix meaning the hinder parts.

achteraan, Du. on the hinder part or

behind.

achterkaken. Du. posterior jaws;

maxillae.

achterlijf, Du. abdomen, the 3d division of an insect's body.

achterlijfbuisje, Du. abdominal siphunculi or cornicles (of aphids); in

general, short blunt horns or projections.

achterrug. Du. hinder part of the

dorsum; pygidium.

Ader, G. vein.

aeggeholder, Da. uterus.

aeggeleder. Da. oviduct.

aeggestok, Da. ovarium.

aeglaegningsskede, Da. ovipositor

sheath consisting of two dorsal and

two ventral valves.

Afterborsten, G. cerci or only anal

setae.

Afterbürste, G. anal brush.

Afterbüschel, G. anal tuft.

Afterdecke, G. pygidium; dorsal plate;

a dorsal plate lying over the anal

opening; the last tergite.

Afterklappe, G. a semicircular lobelike chitin plate below the anal opening; valvae; uncus; basicerci; cauda

or anal lobe (sensu Borner).

Afterklauen, G. pseudonychia; empodia in Diptera; arolia in Orthoptera.

Afterraupe, G. erucina, the caterpillarlike larva of sawflies; see under

Raupe.

Afterrinne, G. anal groove; a continuation of the median incision in

coccids.

Afterröhr, G. anal tube.

Aftertasche, G. spermatophragma;

ampulla; harpe; conus (i.e., a pouchlike structure on or near the anus).

Afterträger, G. pygofer — the last

segment of the abdomen in some

Homoptera.

aggläggningsapparat, S. a vertically

placed sawlike organ enclosing a pair

of long valves, the sawcase (Hymenoptera),

ahlenförmig, G. awlshaped.

aiguillon, F. aculeus, sting.
alleseters Atemborsten

alleseters, Du. omnívora; polyphagi.

Ameisengast, G. inquiline in ants'

nests; an insect guest of ants.

an Hand or an der Hand, G. on the

basis of.

Analader, G. analis; anal vein in an

insect wing.

Analborsten, G. cerci; or only anal

setae.

Analfächer, G. anal fan of wing.

Analfeld, G. anal area of wing,

analfrynse. Da. fimbria analis; anal

fringe.

Analfurche, G. boundary between

clavus and corium; anal groove,

Analklappe, G. proctiger of $ genitalia; valves of ovipositor in 9 genitalia.

Anallappen, G. (on the wing) == jugum.

analnaya dolka, R. anal lobe,

analnaya trubka, R. anal tube.

anální kuzelec, C. proctiger, a small

part bearing the anus.

analnoe kolt'so, R. anal ring.

analnoi klapan, R. anal lobes, or

valves; paraproct of mites.

analplât, S, anal plate.

Analquerader, G. anal crossvein.

Analrand, G. margin of clavus and

corium beside the anal furrow on the

tegmen of Hemiptera.

Analwinkel, G. angle formed by clavus, corium, and membrane on the

distal end of the anal groove on the

tegmen of Hemiptera.

Analzelle, G. in Díptera, a cell of the

wing enclosed by the posterior branch

of cubitus and the anal vein.

Analzone, G. a more or less distinct

boundary zone between clavus and

corium in Corixidae.

anden Brystring, Da. mesothorax.

andhal, S'. spiracle.

andplât, S. pygidium; the tergum of

the last abdominal segment.

andrörens mynningar, S. spiracles;

openings of breathing tubes.

Anflug, G. flight to or against (as

flies fly against the window).

angeflogen, G. (of a color) light

wash, faint tint.

angehaucht, G. (of colors) = tinged;

as rötlich angehaucht = slightly

tinged reddish.

Angelglied, G. cardo.

Angularstücke, G. appendices angulares; angulus valvae; angular piece.

anhängend, G. said of the abdomen

when it is greatly narrowed toward

the thorax, so that there is a distinct

constriction between abdomen and

thorax.

Anhängsel des Cardo, G. stipes; an

appendage of the cardo of an insect's

maxilla.

Anhangszelle, G. accessory cell (of

wing).

anliegend, G. recumbent; appressed;

usually referring to hairs on an insect's body.

anneau, F. segment of the insect

body, or of one of its parts or appendages.

Ansigt, Da. íSLCQ.

Ansigtsliste, Da. facial ridge.

ansikte, S. epistoma in Díptera; face.

ansiktshörn, S. facial angle.

ansiktslist, S. facial ridge.

antecoxal Stykke, Da. antecoxal

piece; a sclerite before the coxae on

an insect's body.

antennskaft, S. scape of antenna.

Antetergit, G. scutellum.

arceau, F. abdominal segment.

Art, G. species.

art, S. species.

Atemborsten, G. two threadlike half

tubes on the abdominal end of a
Atemhonier bakbukled

scorpion's tail, together forming a

breathing tube.

Atemhorner, G. hornlike prolongation

of air hole (i.e., spiracles).

Atemloch, G. spiracle.

Atemöffnung, G. spiracle.

auffallend, G. striking, conspicuous,

bright (of light).

aufrecht, G. erect, as of insect hairs

or setae.

Auftreibung, G. excrescence, swelling.

Auge, G. sight organ of insects; annular spot on wings of many Lepidoptera.

Augendeckel, G. the greatly widened,

ventrally concave first antennal segment of certain aculeate moths, resting on the eye.

Augenhöhle, G. orbit.

Augenlappen, G. eye flaps; in beetles, lateral widenings of the anterior

margin of pronotum, reaching to or

partly covering the eyes.

Ausbuchtung, G. evagination, protrusion, occasionally emargination. Literally, a place that is "bowed out"

like a bay window.

ausgebuchtet, G. evaginate, occasionally emarginate. Literally, "bowed

out;" sometimes used for "sinuate"

or "indented."

ausgefärbt, G. "colored out," as of

an insect which is pale on first

emerging from a pupa but becomes

darker as the chitin hardens.

ausgerandet, G. emarginate; crenate.

ausgeschweift, G. obtuse-angularly

emarginate before the apex; sinuous;

incised.

ausgesprochen, G. distinct; marked;

pronounced.

Aushöhlung des Hinterkopfes, G. occipital foramen; occipital cavity;

a hollowed out place in the occiput.

Ausschnitt, G. notch; a cutout place.

Aussenlade, G. external lobe of

galea.

Aussenwerte, G. upper and lower

limits; extreme values.

Aussenzipfel, G. the end of the wing

membrane corresponding to the corium in Notoneeta spp.; outer tip;

outer point.

b.m., R. more or less.

Backen, G. juga.

Bagbrystet, Da. metathorax; sometimes erroneously used for metasternum.

Bagbrystets Bug, Da. metasternum.

bageste Del af Metasternum, Da. antecoxal piece.

Baghage, Da. submentum.

Bagkaebe, Da. labium.

Bagkrop, Da. abdomen; the 3d section of an insect's body.

Bagkropsled, Da. abdominal segment.

Bagkropsleds Rygdel, Da. notum of

abdomen; tergum.

Bagryg, Da. metanotum.

Bagskutel, Da. postscutellum.

Bagstyk, Da. metathorax.

bagtil. Da. posteriorly.

bagtil laend, Da. epimeron.

Bagvinge, Da. hindwing.

bak, S. dorsal; dorsum.

bakât, S. backward; caudad.

bakbröst, S. metathorax; may refer

to metasternum.

bakbukled, 5. metasternum.
bakefter beilförmig

bakefter, S. behind.

bakhaka, S. submentum.

bakhroma, R. fringe.

bakhromka, R. cilia = a fringe framing the margin of the wing (evidently used as an equivalent of Latin—

eyelid).

baki, R. buccae, in Diptera; not used

for gena or cheek.

bakkropp, S. abdomen; the 3d section of an insect's body.

baklänges, S. (moving) backwards.

bakom, S. behind (situation).

bakre basfält, S. 2d basal cell.

bakre tvärribba, S. posterior (or

hind) cross vein.

bakremidtribba, 5^. submedian vein.

bakreplât, S. epimeron.

bakrygg, S. metanotum; postscutellum.

baksida, S. posterior (not dorsal) aspect; erroneously used for dorsum.

baktil, S. backward; caudad.

bakut, S. backwards.

bakvinge, S. hindwing.

balancières, F. haltères.

balancierkolfjes, Du. haltères.

Bälkchen, G. trabeculum; a paired

moveable appendage before the antennae in some insects.

Basalader, G. the principal vein from

which the others branch.

Basallap, Da. alar lobe.

Basalvingelap, Da. squama.

basalwärts, G. basad; proximad.

basfält, S. basal cell of an insect

wing; may be used for basal area or

basal field.

Bauch, G. venter; has been used for

the entire abdomen in old entomological papers; used interchangeably with

abdomen in keys by Faust 1904.

Bauch dachförmig gewölbt, G. abdomen with a median longitudinal

ridge.

Bauchabschnitt, G. sternite of abdomen.

Bauchbiirste, G. the densely hairy

pollen brushes or scopae on the abdomen of bees.

Bauchdorn, G. abdominal spine (in

some gall flies).

Bauchplatte, G. abdominal sternite.

Bauchring, G. used for both abdominal sternite and abdominal segment.

Bauchschild, G. sternum or sternite

of abdomen.

Bauchsegment, G. sternite of abdomen; in old papers it may mean a

segment of the abdomen.

Bauchspange, G. abdominal sternite;

ventral band; narrow curved piece on

the venter.

beblätterte Keule, G. lamellate club.

beborstet, G. setose; supplied with

setae.

Beborstung, G. armor; bristliness;

supply of bristles; setation.

bedornt, G. with spines; spiny.

bedrennyi, R. femoral.

bedrennyi ship, R. gonyodon (Lepidoptera); i.e., a toothlike process at

base of femur in some noctuids.

bedro, C. propodeum; also coxa

(rare).

bedro, R. femur.

befallen, G. to infest (as with insects) ; to attack.

Befallsstimmung, G. mood to attack.

begatel'naya noga, R. running legs;

cursorial legs.

Begleitrhinarium, G. very small

roundish pores flanking a rhinarium.

Beharrungsgesetz, G. law of continuity.

beilförmig, G. securiform; hatchet

shaped.
Bein briushko

Bein, G. leg.

Beinpaar, G. legs; hinter Beinpaar=

hind legs.

Ben, Da. leg.

Besatz, G. border, edging.

Bestand, G. stock, reserve; has been

used for a colony in the case of

aphids.

betrillen, G. to cause to vibrate, to

pat (use of antennae by ants in caring for aphids or inducing them to

secrete honeydew).

Beutel, G. bag; pouch; occasionally

breeding cage for some insects—especially a sack tied around a part of

a plant for natural breeding of insects, in the field.

bevingad hona, S. alata.

bewimpert, G. fringed with hairs,

ciliate.

Bicik, C. flagellum of antenna.

Binde, G. band.

Bi0jne, Da. ocelli.

bipalp, S. maxillary palp.

bitemun, S. chewing mouth.

bitanga, S. paraglossa.

Bitunge, Da. paraglossa.

Bladf0ler, Da. lamellate antenna.

Bladk0lle, Da. lamellate club of antenna.

bläschenartig, G. vesicular; bubblelike.

Bogenstreif, G. curved streak.

l>ogig, G. curved.

B0jle, Da. retinaculum.

bok, R. side.

bokovaya plastinka, R. pleuron; lateral plate.

bokovaya plevralnaya chast', R. pleuron.

bokovoi, R. lateral.

bokovye shchetinki, R. lateral bristles (= marginal scutellar bristles

of Comstock), in Diptera.

bombardieren, G. eject fluid from the

terminal abdominal segment.

bor, R. pine forest on sandy soil;

pine barren.

bord costal, distal, vannai, F. costal,

distal, or vannai margins of wing.

borodavchatyi, R. tuberculate.

borodavka, R. tubercle.

borozda, R. furrow.

borozdka, R. groove of 2d segment,

hind tarsus, in Diptera = pedisulcus; furrow.

borst, S. a coarse, strongly chitinized

process; seta; bristle in Diptera.

Borste, G. usually seta; bristle in

flies; chaeta.

B0rste, Da. seta; on hindwing it is

the frenulum.

E0rste av f0ler. Da. arista.

b0rsteformet f0ler, Da. setaceous or

bristlelike antenna.

borstel. Du. articulated seta.

borstelhaar, Du. a long stiff hair; a

setal hair.

borstenartig, G. setalike; bristly.

borstenförmig (of antennae), G.

thinned toward the end.

Borstentragende, G. setigerous; setabearing.

borststuk. Du. thorax.

borstzijde. Du. sternum of thorax

not abdomen.

bovenkant, Du. upper side.

breit angewachsen, G. said of the abdomen when not separated from the

thorax by a deep constriction.

breit ansitzend, G. said of the abdomen when not separated from the

thorax by a deep constriction.

Breite, G. measured across the body

axis.

brieflich, G. in litteris; in a letter.

briushko, R. abdomen; may also refer to venter, but this use is rare.
bfisnf Büschel

brisní, C. abdominal; ventral.

bfisní plat, C. stemite,

brisní pochva kladélka, C. ventral

plate (of ovipositor).

briushnaya tsep*, R. catena nervosa.

briushnoi, R. ventral; abdominal.

briushnoi shchit R. ventral plate.

briushnye sklerity, R. sterna; ventral sclerites.

Bred, Da. sawcase or sheath of ovipositor; sting of bees.

bröst, S. usually the sternum of the

thorax; ventral side; also used for

entire thorax.

Brust, G. stethium; pectus; thorax;

also sternum or prosternum; it is

usually used for the ventral side of

the prothorax.

Brustgräte, G. spatula sternalis.

Brustplatte, G. pleuron; might refer

to any thoracic plate.

Brustring, G. a thoracic segment.

Brustschild, G. ventral scale of coccids; may be used for a thoracic

plate.

Bruststück, G. thorax; pleuron.

Brustteil, G. ventral part; sternum.

brüten (of antenna), S. geniculate.

Bryst, Da. thorax as a whole, never

sternum.

Brystben, Da. thoracic leg.

Brystfod, Da. thoracic leg (incorrect).

Brystparti, Da. thorax.

Bryststyk, Da. thorax.

bskr., R. apterae.

Bug, Da. venter, or ventral side of

abdomen; sternum only in old papers

or in error; sometimes erroneously

used for abdomen.

Bugben, Da. proleg; i.e., abdominal

"leg" in caterpillars.

Bugb0rste, Da. scopa ventralis.

Bugled, Da. sternum or sternite.

bugorok, R. tubercle, or small protuberance.

Bugplade, Da. sternite.

Bugside, Da. ventral side.

Bugskinne, Da. connexivum.

bugtig. Da. curved or sinuous.

buik, Du. venter (in entomology may

be erroneously used for abdomen).

buikpooten, Du. pro- or abdominal

legs.

buis. Du. tube.

buisje. Du. small tube; tubelet; duct.

buk, »S. usually venter; has occasionally been used for abdomen.

bukbihang, S. styli.

bukfötter, S. abdominal legs of lepidopterous larvae.

bukled, iS. ventral sternite; has been

used for abdominal segment; sternum.

bukplat, S. sternum; ventral plate.

bukstycke, S. sternite of abdomen.

bulava, R. clavus; club.

bulavovidnye usiki, R. clávate antennae.

bulbe, F. enlarged base of basal

segment of antenna.

bult. Du. hump, callous.

bultig. Du. humpy.

Bürste, G. sarothrum or tibial

brush.

Büschel, G. tuft or brush of hairs.
Carina czulek

Carina, Da. carina; ridge; a raised

line.

celist, C. maxilla.

celistni makadlo, C. maxillary palp.

Cellerne = Felterne, Da. q.v. under

Felt.

cellhake, S. hamus (of wing).

cellule, F. area or cell; the part of

an insect's wing enclosed by veins.

cellules nourricières, F. vitelline cells

in an insect's egg.

celo, C. front; frons.

cerques, F. cerci.

champ, F. a limited space of any

shape; area.

champ vannai, F. anal field.

chaperon, F. clypeus.

chashechka, R. bothridium; a cupshaped structure.

chekhlikovyi, R. casebearing; caseinhabiting.

chekhlonos, R. casedweller; casebearer.

chekhlonosets, R. casebearer.

chekhol, R. case (of aquatic midge

larvae); wingpad; case of a casebearing larva as in bagworms.

cheliustnoi shchupik, R. maxillary

palp.

cherepnaya korobka, R. epicranium.

chern', R. "soot" on honeydew of

aphids.

chervetsy, R. soft or unarmored

scales as opposed to hard, armored,

diaspine scales; not scale insect in

general; also used for worm or maggot in other groups.

cheshuichatyi, R. squamate.

cheshuika, R. scale, squama, alula,

calypter.

chetkovidnyi, R. moniliform.

Chitinspange, G. processus basalis

paraphalli of Zimin; a curved buckleshaped sclerite anywhere on an insect.

chlenik, R. segment; joint (of antenna, body).

chlopen kladelka, C. dorsal valvulae

(of ovipositor).

chodidlo, C. tarsus.

chuvstvitel'nye obrazovanniya, R.

sensillae; sensory structures.

chuvstvitel'nyi volosok, R. sensory

hair.

cip predozádí, C. angle of pronotum.

ciselé F. caelatus.

clánek, C. segment; joint.

cokót, P. socle.

coque spéciale, F. roach egg case.

costalfläckar, S. spots near the costa

of the wing.

costalhakar, S. hooks near the costa

of the wing.

Coxalgelenkpfanne, G. coxal cavity.

creusé, F. bearing a cavity.

crochet de lápophyse articulaire de l'antenne, F. hook of apophysis of antennal articulation.

cuisse, F. femur.

czlon, P. segment; joint.

czolowy, P. fro.ntal.

czutek, P. antenna.
Daekvinge dykhatel'naya trubka

D

Daekvinge, Da. elytron; the forewing, which in many insects covers

the hindwing when at rest.

daleko ne, R. far from.

Decken, G. elytra.

Deckflügel, G. elytron; hemelytron;

tegmen.

Deckschuppen, G. tegulae; scalelike

structures covering the base of the

wings.

Deckzelle, G. cap cell.

dessous, F. inferior part; ventral

part.

dessus, F. superior part; dorsal part.

diskfält, S. discal cell.

diskovidnaya zheleza, R. pore with

locules (coccid); disklike gland.

Diskus, G. central part of the surface of an organ; disk.

dlina, R. length.

dno sumki, R. fundus bursae.

dol'ka pigidiya, R. pygidial lobe.

doom, Du. spine in entomology;

thorn in botany.

doornachtig. Du. spinelike.

doorschijnend. Du. transparent.

doorzichtig, Du. translucent.

dopluîs. Du. a term restricted to

scale insects of Lecanium type.

dopolnitel'nyi litsevoi kil', R. lateral

facial carina.

Doppelaugen, G. eyes that are different above and below, as in some

flies.

Doppelgeburt, G. hermaphrodite.

doppelt gekämmte, G. bipectinate.

doppelt so lang als =: zweimal länger

als, G. twice as long as.

Dorn, G. spine.

Dornborsten, G. short powerful rigid

setae.

Dornkralle, G. a crooked horny claw,

dorsal Segment, G. tergite.

Dorsalklappe, G. a seta-bearing "cauda" (or taillike process) above the

anus; a dorsal valve.

drapek, C. claw of an insect's foot;

distal part of clasper of $ genitalia.

dritter Brustring, G. metathorax.

Druh, C. species.

druhi pfikycla, C. trochantellus.

Drüse, G. gland; sometimes used

where American authors use pore.

Drüsenplatte, G. pore plate (in

aphids); gland plate or plate of

glands.

Duftdrüse, G. scent gland.

Duftplättchen, G. sensilla.

dushistaya zheleza, R. odoriferous

gland; scent gland.

Du&k, Da. (of long down-curved

hairs) = flocculus.

dvugrebenchatyi, R. bipectinate.

dvupH'chatyi, R. biserrate.

dvustoronne-peristyi, R. bilaterally

plumose.

dvuzubchatyi, R. bidentate.

Dykhal'tse, R. spiracle.

dykhal'tsevoe uglublenie, R. spiracular spine area (in coccids) ; a depression around or near a spiracle.

dykhatel'naya sistema, R. respiratory system.

dykhatel'naya trubka, R. trachea;

may also mean respiratory tube.
ebendeshalb étui

ebendeshalb, G. precisely as.

écailles, F. scales (on wing in Lepidoptera, on body in Coleóptera).

ecaillettes, F. tegulae; small scalelike structures covering the base of

the wing.

Ecke, G. corner; angle (i.e., the peak

of an angle formed by two straight

lines).

ectadenies, F. glands derived from

the ectoderm.

edinitsa, R. category, unit.

efter, S. behind.

Efterled, Da. when small and between the two claws it is the onychium.

efterrygg, S. metanotum; posterodorsal part; postscutellum.

efterskutell, S, postscutellum.

eierlegger, Da. definitely ovipositor.

eigentliche Tergit, G. postscutellum.

eijerbuis. Du. may be ovipositor or

only an oviduct.

eijerbuisje, Du. same as above.

eileider, Du. oviduct.

einbuchtet, G. invaginate, emarginate, indented; literally a place that

is bowed in, as a bay into land.

eindgriffel, Du. either stylus or one

of the cerci.

einfache Augen, G. ocelli.

eingedrückt Punktierung, G. with indented dots; punctate.

eingeschobene Ader, G. vena spuria,

vena intercalata.

eingeschobene Zelle, G. cellula intercalata; intercalated cell.

eingestochen-punktiert, G. with indented dots; punctate.

Einlenkung, G. insertion; articulation.

Einlenkungsloch, G. socket (of antenna); cavity (of coxae); literally

hole for insertion (of something).

einreihig, G. uniseriate; in one row,

Einschnappvorrichtung, G. spring

mechanism.

einzel Augen, G. ommatidia.

Eiröhrenstiel, G. stalk of ovary.

Eisack, G. eggsac in coccids.

el', R. Picea abies L. ( = Pinus abies

L.) = spruce; may be loosely used

to mean any evergreen or coniferous

tree.

Ellenquerader, G. cubital cross vein.

Ellenzelle, G. cubital cell.

Endadern (in Cicadidae), G. nervi

apicales.

Endborste (in Diptera), G. arista

when apical.

Endedusk, Da. apical tuft.

Endespidse, Da. cremaster (lepidopterous pupa).

Endetarm, Da. hind gut.

Endfaden, G. terminal filament.

Endgriffel (in Diptera), G. stylus.

Endlinie, G. the linear marking along

the outermost edge of a fringe.

Endlinie der Fransen, G. differently

colored outermost margin of wing

fringe.

endständig, G. apical; terminal.

endwärts, G. apicad.

Engerling, G. grub.

Entwicklung, G. development.

envergure, F. wingspan.

éperon, F. spur.

epistome, F. clypeus.

Erscheinungsform, G. phenotype.

erster Brustring, G. prothorax.

erster Rückenabschnitt, G. pronotum

(rarely used, the common term for

pronotum is Halschild, q.v.).

état, F. stage (larval period, nymphal period).

étui, F. egg pod of locusts.
facetochnyi glaz 10 Flügelwurzel

facetochnyi glaz, R. compound eye.

Facet0je, Da. compound eye.

fächerförmig, G. flabelliform; fanshaped,

Faden, G. filament.

fadenförmig, G. filiform; threadlike.

fait, S. usually field of an insect's

wing; sometimes used for cell of a

wing.

Falte, G. anal fold in wing.

Faltenlinie, G. anal fold in wing of

Lepidoptera when of a different color.

fängig, G. attractant (drawing insects to a baited trap).

fara, S. stria; furrow.

faste (of a wing), S. wing fastening; i.e., of wing to wing for support

while flying, not attachment to the

thorax.

fast-sittande, S. Î scale insect when

sessile.

Fazettenaugen, G. the term commonly used for compound eyes of insects.

Feder, G. lobe of orneodid wing.

federartig gewimpert, G. plumosely

ciliate when the length of the hairs

of the fringe is great in relation to

the wing surface.

Feld, G. area (of wing); field.

Felt, Da. field, in wing.

Fensterfleck, G. hyaline spot, especially in an insect wing.

Ferse, G. metatarsus.

festsaugen, G. to "suck fast;" to attach by sucking; (said of aphids attached to the host by their beaks

being thrust into the tissues).

Fichte, G. a pine or spruce tree, i.e.,

an evergreen tree, a "needle-tree;"

some qualifier is necessary to determine genus and species; generally

speaking, "spruce" is most likely to

be meant.

Filz, G. tomentum.

Fimreorgan, Da. ciliar organ.

finhârig, S. tomentose.

Fjaerf0ler, Da. plumose antenna.

fj alien, S. scales on lepidopterous

wing, on curculionids.

fjunnig, S. downy.

Fläche, G. field, area, face; of angles = obtuse; of depressions =r

shallow; it is the opposite of acute.

flächenhaft, G. flat like a table.

Flankedaek, Da. epipleuron.

Fleck, G. patch; spot.

fliegende, G. obsolescent (of angles);

apparently a word coined from fliegen = to fly.

Flig, Da. lobe, flap.

flik, S. lobe or flap.

Flügel, G. wing, usually flying wing;

i.e., hindwing in some insects.

Flügelanlage, G. wing rudiments;

wing pads.

Flügelbasis, G. wing base.

Flügeldreieck, G. triogonulum; wing

triangle.

Flügelgeäder, G. venation of an insect wing.

Flügelhäutchen, G. membranula or

anal membrane of an insect wing.

Flügelknoten, G. nodulus (of Odonata

wing).

Flügelmal, G. pterostigma.

Flügelscheide, G. pterotheca; wing

pad.

Flügelschüppchen, G. tegulae, small

scalelike structures covering the wing

bases.

Flügelspitze, G. apex of wing.

Flügelstück (of beak, in beetles), G.

wingpiece of snout in curculionids.

Flügelwurzel, G. wing base.
flygvinge 11 Fühlerborste

flygvinge, S. (flying) wing, not elytron nor tegmen.

Flyvevinge, Da. flying wing; i.e.,

not tegmen nor elytron.

F0lehorn, Da. antenna.

F0lehornets indledningssted. Da. antennal socket or place of insertion of

antennae.

F0lehornsfaeste, Da. insertion of antennae.

F0lehornsgrube, Da. scrobe; groove

for reception or concealment of antenna.

F0ler, Da. antenna.

F0ler med endestillet barste, Da. stylate antenna.

F0ler med ryggstillet b0rste. Da.

aristate antenna.

F0ler med stylus, Da. antenna with

style.

Forbryst, Da. usually refers to the

prothorax; occasionally means prosternum.

Forbrystets Bug, Da. prosternum.

Forbrystets Haerde, Da. epistemum

of prothorax (error).

Forbrystets Laend, Da. epimeron of

prothorax.

Forbrystets Ryg, Da. pronotum.

forebukled, S. prosternum.

Forkaebe, Da. mandible.

förkrympt, S. dwarfed; underdeveloped.

Ferryg, Da. pronotum; prothorax.

F0rste Brystring, Da. prothorax.

Forstyk, Da. prothorax.

Fortarm, Da. foregut.

fortil Haerden, Da. episternum.

Portsatz, G. process.

Porvingetegning, Da. forewing marking; pattern of forewing.

fot, S. tarsus.

fotputa, S. pulvillus between claws.

fouet, F. 2d antennal segment; pedicel.

fourreau, F. vagina; also used for

egg pod of locust.

Fraktur, G. fracture; a place where

an angle is formed, as in the vein

of a wing.

frambröst, S. prosternum; also used

for prothorax.

framföre, S. anterior; before (something).

framkantsribba, S. costa-, the thickened anterior margin of a wing.

framliv, S. thorax + head.

främre bakkantfält, S. 1st posterior

cell.

främre basfält, S. 1st basal cell.

främre kanttvärribba, S. apical cross

vein of an insect's wing.

främre tvärribba, S. anterior (or

fore) cross vein.

främrebakkantsribba, S. subdorsal

vein of an insect's wing.

framreplât, S. episternum.

framrygg, S. sometimes equivalent

to halsköld; pronotum.

framtill, S. anteriorly.

framvinge, S. forewing.

Fransen, G. fringes.

Freienwälder, G. open woods.

Freiland, G. open country; field in

general, as referring to insects collected in the field.

frein, F. hamuli, minute hooks on

the margin of one of a pair of wings

used to unite the two wings of a

pair in flight.

Frühjahrswanderläuse, G. migrantes

(in aphids); spring migrant forms.

Frynse, Da. fringe.

Fühler, G. antenna.

Fühlerborste, G. arista.
Fühlerfächer 12 Gelenköffnung

Fühlerfächer, G. flabellum; flagellum.

Fühlerfurche, G. antennal furrow;

scrobe.

Fühlergriffel, G. stylus on antenna.

Fühlergrube, G. antennal socket.

Fühlerhöcker, G. antennal tubercle.

Fühlerkeule, G. clava; antennal club.

Fühlerschaft, G. scape of antenna.

Fühlerwurzel, G. antennal insertion;

base of antenna.

Fuss, G. tarsus,

Fussglieder, G. tarsal joints or segments.

Fussspitze, G. praetarsus.

Fusswurzel, G. metatarsus.

fynduppglft, S. locality data (on a

label).

G

Gabeladern, G. dichotomous wing

veins.

Gabelung, G. furcation, especially of

a wing vein.

Gabelzelle, G. the cell in the wing

enclosed by the prongs or branches

of dichotomous veins.

Gabelzinken, G. prong of a dichotomous vein.

gaffel, S. any fork.

gaffel-hake, S. an apparatus to keep

a fork in place, as on the venter of

springtails.

gaine, F. vagina,

gaine ovarique, F. germarium; ovarian tubes; egg tubes.

gallitsa, R. gall maker.

gammada, R. stony place in the desert.

gang, ¿f. gallery (Ipidae).

Gangbeine, G. may refer to legs with

hairy or feltlike soles on the feet, as

in flies.

gângled, S. cardo of maxilla.

Gangvorter, Da. prolegs (hymenopterous larvae).

Gast, G. sometimes used for inquiline; i.e., an insect guest of other

insects.

Gat, Da. anus.

Gatdaek, Da. pygidium.

Geäder, G. venation.

geblätterte, G. laminate; formed like

leaves.

gebrochen, G. geniculate or elbowed.

gebuchtet, G. sinuous.

gefiedert, G. plumose

gefingert, G. with fingerlike processes.

Gehwerkzeuge, G. locomotor organs.

Geissei, G. flagellum of antenna; unguis of antenna in aphids.

gekämmt, G. pectinate.

gekerbt, G. crenate; notched, indented.

gekeult, G. clubbed.

geknickt, G. elbowed.

gekniet, G. elbowed; geniculate.

geknöpft, G. clubbed; capitate.

gelbgesäumt, G. yellow edged; with

yellow margin.

Gelenk, G. joint.

Gelenkgrube, G. acetabulum.

Gelenkhöhle, G. coxal cavity; antennal socket; a cavity for insertion of

a part.

Gelenkloch, G. socket (of antennae);

hole for insertion (of a part); cavity

(of coxae).

Gelenköffnung, G. socket (of antenna); articulation opening; cavity for
genal-tapp 13 golovchatyi

insertion (of a part, for example,

coxa).

genal-tapp, S. sencillus.

Genitalgriffel, G. paramere.

Genitalklappe, G. genital lobe or

valve.

Genitalplatte, G. in the $, the proctiger; in the $, the valves.

genitalnyi klapan, R. epigynia; genital lobe or valve.

genomskinlig, S. from hyaline to

semitransparent to translucent.

geordnet, G. orderly, v\rell-arranged.

gerandet, G. margined; bordered;

round-edged.

gereihte Skulptur, G. longitudinal

ridges.

geringelt, G. annular; ringed.

gerückt, G. shifted, moved.

gesägt, G. serrate.

Geschlechtmutter, G. sexupara in

aphids; the generation of alate forms

that produces the two sexes after

migrating back to the primary host

in the fall.

Geschlechttier, G. sexupara in aphids.

geschuppte Fühler, G. antenna with

inverted coneshaped segments, each

inserted in the hollowed distal end of

the preceding segment.

Gesichtsaushölung, G. facial cavity,

cavitas facialis; a hollowed-out place

on the face (in Diptera) = Stirnaushölung.

geslacht. Du. genus, never species.

gesloten. Du. closed, as a cell in a

wing.

gespalten, G. fissile or lamellate;

dichotomous.

gestachelt, G. spiculate, that is,

prickly or thorny.

Gestalt, G. general appearance, form,

shape, but not body as such.

gestaltigkeit, G. -morphy.

Gestaltung, G. habitus.

gestielt, G. stalked.

geteilte Augen, G. eyes separated by

a chitin band.

gever, Du. donor (of the organism

transmitted).

gewölbt, G. arcuate, arched; convex.

gewricht. Du. jointed.

gezahnt, G. dentate; toothed.

gezähnte Fühler, G. dentate antenna.

gipo-, R. hypo-,

gissel, S. flagellum; the whiplike

part of the antenna.

Glashaut, G. membrane.

gíaszczek szczçkowy, P. maxillary

palp.

glattrandig (of claws), G. simple;

i.e., not pectinate or toothed.

glaz, R. oculus, eye.

glazchatye pyatna, R. circuli ocellati.

glazkovyi, R. ocellar.

glazkovyi treugolnik, R. ocellar

triangle.

glaznoi, R. ocular.

glazok, R. ocellus.

glazovyi, R. ocular.

gleichartig gebildet, G. of equal size;

equally developed.

Gleitplatte, G. basal plate of empodium.

Glochis, G. one of the wing veins in

Heteroptera.

glotka, R. pharynx.

Glowa, P. head.

gnilets, R. (European) foulbrood.

gnus, R. a general term for any of

the blood-sucking Diptera; i.e., tabanids, culicids, simuliids, heleids.

golen', R. tibia.

golennoi, R. tibial.

golova, R. head.

golovchatyi, R. capitate.
golovnaya kapsula 14 gustoi

golovnaya kapsula, R. head capsule.

golovnoi mozg, R. cerebral ganglion.

golovnoi puzyr', R. ptilinum; literally, it is a cephalic bubble or

blister.

golovnoi shchit, R. cephalic plate.

golovnoi shchitok, R. clypeus.

golovogrud', R. cephalo-thorax.

golyi, R. nude, bare.

gorb, R. gibba; a hump or protuberance.

gördelpuppor, S. pupae with silk

threads spun around the body and

fastened head up with venter toward

the support.

gorgeret, F. the ovipositor strictly

speaking; i.e., the internal valves of

the oviscapt.

gorlovina, R. gula.

gorlovoi, R. guiar.

gouttière, F. the ovipositor strictly

speaking; i.e., internal valves of the

oviscapt.

Grabbeine, G. pedes fossorii; legs

adapted for digging.

grabel'ka, R. rastra; the row of setae

on or near the margin of the galea or

lacinia of insect maxillae; literally

a rake.

granichnyi, R, bordering, limiting.

granitsa, R. boundary.

greben*, R. crista, comb, pectén.

grebenchatyi, R. pectinate.

grebeshok pigidiya, R. pygidial plate

(coccids).

Greifzange, G. gonopods.

greña, R. embryo; also means silkworm eggs.

griffe, F. claw.

Griffel, Da. stylus (thrips).

Griffeln, G. styli; parameres; also

used for clasper or clasping organ

of $ genitalia.

griffein, S. last two segments of antenna in thrips.

griffeltragende, G. stylate.

gripfötter, S. prolegs adapted for

gripping, apex cleft with a semicircle of hooks only on the outer lobe.

groef. Du. usually furrow, elongate

pit.

grop, S. any pit, whether round or

elongate.

Grübchen, G. pit; dimple; shallow

round puncture; or just puncture.

Grube, Da. pit, fovea.

Grubenborste, G. sensory hair;

trichobothrium.

Grubeneindruck, G. elongated hollow.

grubig, G. scrobiculate — having the

surface pitted, or covered with deep,

rounded depressions.

grubo, R. coarsely.

grubyi, R, coarse.

grud', R. usually thorax; sometimes

refers only to the sternum or pectus.

grudka, R. sternum; pectus; sometimes used for sternite.

grudnaya cheshuika, R. antisquama

(of wing).

grudnoi, R. thoracic; sternal (in

Acariña).

grudnoi uzel, R. thoracic ganglion.

Grundglied, G. metatarsus; basal

segment of tarsus.

Grundquerstreif, G. see Wurzelquerstreif.

Grundzelle, G. basal cell.

gruppa, R. group.

grzebyk przywargowy, P. paralabial

comb.

gubnoi shchupik, R. labial palp.

gusenitsa, R. caterpillar.

gustoi, R. dense.
haar häutig

H

haar, Du. hair.

haarachtig, Du. hairlike, not hairy

or shaggy.

Haarbinden, G. pubescent bands.

Haarbüschel, G. tuft of hairs.

haard, Du. focus, or outbreak of infestation (error).

Haardusk, Da. tuft of hairs.

Haarpinsel, G. tuft of hairs like an

artist's brush.

haczyki, P. hooks.

Haefteb0rste, Da. jugum.

Haefteklap (under the tarsus). Da.

empodium, arolium, pulvillus.

Haeftelap, Da. arolium.

Haefteskive, Da. pulvillus in bees

(between the claws).

Haengsel, Da. cardo of an insect's

maxilla.

Haengselpunkt, Da. point of articullation.

Haftapparat, G. clasping organs.

häftapparat (on tarsus), S. arolium.

Haftbeine, G. pedes copulatorii.

Haftborste, G. frenulum in Lepidoptera.

häftdynor, S. claws (in thrips).

Haftläppchen, G. appendages of the

claws; empodium (Díptera); arolium

(grasshoppers).

haftorgan, S. claw (in thrips).

Hage, Da. mentum.

haka, S. mentum.

Hakenfortsatz, G. hypophysis.

hakar, S. prolegs adapted for gripping.

Halbdecken, G. hemelytra.

halbdurchscheinend, G. subhyaline.

Haienok, Da. cercus.

Halevedhaeng, Da. cercus (pl.:

cerci).

hâllhake, S. frenulum (in Lepidoptera); jugum (on forewing).

Hals, Da. neck, cervix (collum).

Hals, G. collum.

hals, S. collum.

Halsblase, G. vesícula.

Halskragen, G. collar.

halsplât, S. 1st segment of a lepidopterous larva.

Halsring, G. collar, especially in

Hemiptera.

halsschild. Du. only used in Coleóptera; then it means only pronotum.

Halsschild, G. pronotum, especially

when transverse.

Halsschildrücken, G. disk of pronotum.

halssköld, S. pronotum; cervical

plate, or shield.

halssköldens underside, S. inflexed

pronotum.

Halterendeckel, G. squama of the

haltères in Diptera.

HalteVorrichtung (of hindwing), G. a

holding device, such as the frenulum

in Lepidoptera.

Haltezange, G. paramere.

Halvdaekvinger, Da. tegmina (error) ;

correctly, they are the hemelytra.

Hamskifte, Da. molt.

hanche, F. coxa.

hängpuppor, S. pupae hanging with

anal end fastened to a support.

haupt-, G. prefix meaning main or

principal; sometimes primary.

Hauptader, G. the principal vein

from which the others branch.

Hauptfeld, G. corium; the "principal

area" on the tegmina in Hemiptera.

Haut, G. membrane.

Häutchen, G. membrane.

häutig, G. membranous.
Häutung 16 H0reorgaii

Häutung, G. molt; the act of molting in insect larvae.

hav, S. insect net for sweeping.

Heftehager, Da. hamuli.

Heftelap (on a fly's foot), Da. pulvillus; in Diptera, the pad beneath

each tarsal claw.

Hefteskive, Da. onychium; empodium.

helder, Du. bright; of color = vivid.

hell, G. of color, light.

Helm, G. galea of the maxilla.

Herd, G- focus; outbreak of insects,

or disease; reservoir of the same.

hervorziehen, G. to draw out; to produce (into a point).

herzförmig, G. cordiform.

Hinde, Da. membrane; also tympanal membrane.

hinfallen, G. may be used for "sink

into synonymy."

Hinterader, G. anal vein in insect

wing.

Hinterbein, G. hind leg.

Hinterbrust, G. metasternum; metathorax.

Hinterbrustplatte, G. pleuron of

metathorax.

Hinterbrustring, G. metathorax.

Hinterbruststück, G. metathorax;

metapleuron.

hintere Hauptader, G. cubitus.

Hinterfeld, G. anal area.

Hinterhacken, G. palpi genitalium or

forcipes interiores.

Hinterhaupt, G. occiput.

Hinterhauptsdreieck, G. occipital

triangle; may refer to the cuneus in

0donata.

Hinterkopf, G. occiput.

Hinterleib, G. abdomen, the 3d section of an insect's body.

Hinterleibsrücken, G. dorsum of abdomen; tergite.

Hinterleibsschilder, G. tergites.

Hinterleibsstiel, G. pedicel of abdomen.

Hinterrandzellen, G. cellulae posteriores.

Hinterrücken, G. metanotum.

Hinterschildchen, G. postscutellum.

Hinterzelle, G. anal cell.

hinzukommende Ader, G. vena adventiva.

hjaerteformede Feit, Da. spatium

cordiforme; heartshaped area.

hjälpribba, S. costa; marginal vein.

hjässa, 5. vertex, crown.

hjässanspunktögon, S. ocelli.

Hj0rne, Da. corner.

hochgewölbt, G. strongly convex.

Hochzucht, G. selection inside a pure

line; a pure culture of insects.

hoek, Du. corner or angle.

hoekig, Du. angular.

Hof, G. a prominent characteristic

spot of spines, bristles, or hairs on

the body surface (mostly on antennae and legs).

höft, S. coxa.

Hefte, Da. coxa.

Hoftegrube, Da. acetabulum.

Hoftering, Da. trochanter.

Hofteskaal, Da. acetabulum.

höftpanna, S. coxal cavity.

höftsgrop, S. coxal cavity.

höjd, S. vertical height; long diameter.

holen, C. tibia.

Honigröhr, G. cornicle, when elongate like a tube.

Honigröhrchen, G. cornicle in aphids,

when elongate.

hopp-gaffel, S. jumping fork.

hopsnörd, 5Í. constricted.

H0reorgan, Da. auditory organ.
horn 17 izgotovlenie

horn, S. dorsal process on caudal

end of a lepidopterous larva; or any

similar structure.

Hornkämme, G. ctenidia ; horny comb

or pectén.

Hoved, Da. head.

Hovedkapsel, Da. cranium; head

capsule.

Hovedkapselns Forvaeg, Da. clypeus.

Hovedskjold, Da. clypeus.

hfbetni, C. dorsal.

hrbetni plat, C. tergite.

hrbetni pochva kladélka, C. dorsal or

anal plate (of ovipositor).

hfebenity, C. pectinate.

hrud, C. thorax.

hudflik (on foot), S. arolium.

hudömsning, S. molt.

Hudskifte, Da. molt.

Hüftbein, G. coxa.

Hüftdorn, G. "coxal spine" of operculum.

Hüfte, G. coxa.

Hüftpfanne, G. acetabulum.

Hülle, G. in coccids, a v^raxy coating

on the body but not the scale.

Humeraldorn, G. a spinelike process

on the proximal corners of the pronotum.

huvud, S. head.

huvudart, S. species s. str.; the principal species without subspecies.

huvudskâl, S. cranium; i.e., vertex +

occiput; head capsule.

Hylster, Da. sack; cocoon.

igol'chatyi, R. acicular; w^ith a needle point.

ingestoken, Du. stuck in; as though

pricked with a pin.

ingewricht, Du. articulated.

ingripa, S. catching or hooking (onto something).

Innenfeld, G. clavus; or even the sutural membrane on the tegmina in

Hemiptera.

Innenlade, G. internal lobe of galea

on maxilla.

Innenlippe, G. hypopharynx.

Innenrand, G. in Lepidoptera, the

hindwing margin toward the abdomen; in Coleóptera, the sutural margin of the elytra.

Innenstreif, G. sutural stripe of

elytra.

Innenzipfel, G. inner tip or point; in

Notonecta, the tip of the membrane

corresponding to clavus.

inre del av underläpp, S. submentum..

insluiten, Du. enclosed.

insnoering, Du. constriction.

intrykt linie, S. any imprr'^sed line.

intrykt punkt, S. puncture ^i.^., J^-

pressed dot).

ischerchennost', R. striation.

Isse, Da. vertex.

izgib mediarnoi zhilki, R. elbow of

median vein (= M-2 of Comstock).

izgotovlenie, R. microscope slide;

preparation of an insect for study.
jambe

jambe, F. tibia.

jamka, C. pit; socket.

jazycek, C. glossa.

jednoduchy, C. simple.

jezioro, P. lake.

18

J

khokhol

jçzyczek, P. glossa.

Jochstück, G. jugum + lorum; may

be used for lorum alone; sometimes

refers to parietal lobe; it literally

means "yoke piece."

joue, F. gêna.

k, R. to or toward; in titles of papers = contribution to.

k sozhalenîiu, R. unfortunately.

Kaebe, Da. maxilla.

Kaebef0ler, Da. maxillary palp.

Kaebepalpe, Da. maxillary palp.

kaemchatyi, R. flanged.

kaemka, R. flange.

kahl, G. glabrous; bare.

kahnförmig, G. elongate-oval; boatshaped.

kaîma, R. flange, border, edge.

käk, S. either mandible or maxilla.

käkpalp, S. maxillary palp.

Kamm, G. pectén, comb.

Kammborsten, G. rastral setae; the

setae forming the "teeth" on a comblike structure.

kammförmig, G. pectinate.

Kammzähne, G. a row of small

pointed teeth along a margin.

Kammzähnelung, G. pectination.

kammzähnig, G. pectinate.

kanaal, Du. in entomology, it means

only a closed tubular duct.

kanselhâr, S. sensory hair.

kant, Du. edge in entomological descriptions; generally means surface,

kant, S. margin or edge.

Kante, G. edge, not margin,

kantfält, -S. marginal cell.

kantplâten, S. epimera.

kapiushon, R. hood; cowl.

Kartonplättchen, G. cardpoints for

mounting insects.

Kaurand, G. biting margin of mandible.

Kauwerkzeuge, G. biting mouthparts.

Kehle, G. gula; ventral side of head.

Kehlplatte, G. buccula.

Keil; Keilstück, G. cuneus; a wedgeshaped or elongate-triangular piece.

Keilstückchen, G. cuneoli (Hymenoptera).

Ketscher, G. an insect net for catching insects, usually by sweeping.

Ketser, Da. insect net, especially for

sweeping

Kettenstreifen, G. rows of granules.

Keule, G. clava (of antenna); club.

keulenförmig, G. clávate.

khishchnichestvo, R. rapacity.

khobotok, R. beak, proboscis, rostrum, snout; used for the projecting

mouthparts of insect groups, such as

aphids, flies.

khod, R. gallery (made by insect

larvae); path of bot-fly larvae inside the host.

khodil'nyi, R. walking (as of legs).

khodovoi, R. valid (as of names);

literally, "current."

khokhol, R. cirrus; a tuft or a crest

of hairs, feathers.
khoTOsho 19 kolennyi chlenih

khorosho, R. well, readily.

khot'by, R. at least, even if.

khozyain, R. host of some insect.

Kiefer, G. paired mouthparts.

Kiefertaster, G. maxillary palp.

kiel, Du. carina.

kir, ß. carina, keel (some authors

limit it to a carina higher at one

end), ridge.

kin, Du. ancient term for menturn.

kinbakke, Dii. mentum.

kind, S. the piece between the eye

and the exit place of the beak; gena.

Kindbakke, Da. mandible.

Kindplader, Da. lorae in fulgorids.

Kinn, G. mentum in Coleóptera.

kinzhalovidnyi, R. daggerlike.

Kirtel, Da. gland.

kishechnik, R. intestine.

kislotnaya zheleza, R. acid (i.e., poison) gland.

kistevidnyi, R. penicillate, brushlike.

Kitinring, Da. segment of an insect's

body, antenna, or palp.

Kjaevef0ler, Da. maxillary palp,

klaar. Du. pure (of color); clear

(water, or eyes).

kladelko, C. ovipositor.

klaff, S. valve (of ovipositor); flap

(not the same as lobe).

Klamrefod, Da. tarsus with hooks

only on the outer margin, their

hooked tips turned in.

Klap, Da. flap, lobe, valve (as of an

ovipositor).

klapan, R. valve, lobe.

klapany polovogo otverstiya, R.

valves of genital opening.

klapka kladelka, C. ventral plate of

ovipositor.

Klappe, G. usually valve, may be

used for lobe, flap.

klasse, Du. class.

Klaue, G. claw of an insect's foot.

Klauenglied, G. praetarsus.

klep. Du. valve; visor of a cap or

similar structure.

kleshch, R. mites and ticks together.

Acariña.

kleshchik, R. mite.

kletka, R. cell (of wing); one of the

meshes of a network.

kletochka, R. cell of an insect's wing.

Klo, Da. claw.

klo, S. claw.

Klubbef0ler, Da. clávate or clubshaped antenna.

Knaeb0jetf0ler, Da. geniculate or elbowed antenna.

Knae, Da. genu or knee.

Knie, G. genu or knee.

knöl, S. tubercle; a protuberance,

knop. Du. bud of a tree or flower;

knob; a budshaped process.

knopachtig, Du. like a bud or like a

knob.

knopfförmig, G. condyloid; buttonshaped; short and compact.

knopfig, G. clávate; provided with a

button; might be used to mean capitate,

knopig. Du. capitate.

kogotkovyi pal'chik, R. claw digitule.

kogot', R. claw, the usual term for

this structure in insects, usually on

the tarsi, sometimes elsewhere.

kogti, R. ungues, claws, pincers.

Kokon, Da. cocoon.

köl, S. carina; keel.

kolbig, G. intermediate between

clávate and capitate.

kolec, P. spine, chaeta.

kolechki, R. anelli of antenna,

kolennyi chlenik, R. genu, knee.
kolf 20 Kreis

kolf, Du. long-necked flask; atomizer.

kolka, R. a birch island in the steppes;

a place cut out (of steppe or forest)

for cultivation; a clearing (in a

forest) usually made artificially.

K0lle, Da. club.

Kollef0ler, Da. clávate or clubshaped

antenna.

K0llelignende Organ, Da. halter or

hindwing in Diptera.

kol'tso, R. ring; occasionally used

for segments (of body of insects).

komar, R. the usual term for mosquito,

i.e., culicids; not used for other Diptera by most Russian specialists.

kombinirovanie, R. combination; also

used for hybrid in case of crosses.

konechnyi, R. apical, terminal.

konets, R. usually used for apex, or

distal end.

konnektiv', R. connexiva.

k0nsmodent dyr, Da. adult; imago.

konstatera, S. establish.

kontrolieren, G. to supervise, to check,

as a check is made of results; translated "control" in case of "control"

experiments; or to refer to the controls in series of experiments.

kopatePnyi, R. digging, as of legs in

certain insects.

Kopf, G. head; cephalon.

Kopfgipfel, G. fastigium.

Kopfkamm, G. cephalic comb.

Kopfkapsel, G. head capsule; cephalic capsule.

Kopfsehild, G. clypeus + clypeolus in

Heteroptera; facial sclerite; the usual

term for clypeus.

kop (ulatorni) kleste, C. copulatory

claspers.

kopulyativnyi organ, R. penis.

Körbchen, G. fossa tibiae; corbicula.

Kern, G. granule.

körnigpunktiert, G. with raised dots

over all the surface.

Körper, G. body in general.

Körpergliederung, G. body segmentation.

Körperrückseite, G. tergum, dorsum.

körtel, S, gland.

Koshenie, R. sweeping (with a net)

to collect insects.

kosmaty, C. hairy.

kozhnye pokrovy, R. cutícula.

kozyrek proterosoma, R. rostrum

(Acariña).

kraevoi, R. marginal.

kräftig, G. powerful; strong; of

color, deep.

Kragen, G. a ringlike narrowing of

the distal prothorax, or of the distal

pronotal margin; coUum.

krai, R. margin (in taxonomy) ; land

or country (in geography).

krai kryla ot apex k tornus, R. termen; i.e., margin of wing from apex

to tornus.

krai kryla ot basis k apex, R. costa;

i.e., margin of wing from base to

apex.

krai kryla ot tornus k basis, R. dorsum; i.e., margin of wing from tornus to base.

krajna zilka, C. costa.

Kralle, G. claw, úngula, dactyl.

Krallenborsten, G. empodial hairs.

Krallenglied, G. praetarsus.

krans, S. crown; circle (of spines,

hairs).

Kransfod, Da. with hooks on the

whole margin, the hooked tips turned

out.

kransfötter, Sí. prolegs with a circle

of hooks on the apex; wreathed prolegs.

Kreis, G. circle; may be used to refer to life cycle; usually a geograph-
kriuk 21 Larveham

ic term corresponding to "county"

or "township."

kriuk, R. crochet, hooklet.

krocherepichatyi, R. imbricated.

Krog, Da. hook, crochet.

kropp, S. the whole body, including

the head.

kroppsbetäckning, S. integument.

Kropvaeg, Da. pleuron.

krouzky, C. annelli; rings.

krupnyi, R. large.

kruzhkovidnye pyatna, R. circuli.

kruzhok, R. disk, circle, planchet,

round plate.

krylatye, R. alatae.

krylo, R. wing.

krylovaya cheshuika, R. alar squama; squama.

krylovaya kryshechka, R. tegula.

krylovaya kryshka, R. tegula.

krylovaya plastinka, R. wing proper.

krylyshko, R. alula.

krytka, C. tegula.

kubyshka, R. egg pod of a grasshopper; ootheca.

kukolka, R. pupa, very rarely used

for cocoon.

kumyr, R. a bot disease of camels;

the bot causing this disease.

kurtina, R. a "belt" of trees, shelter

belt.

Kurv, Da. corbicula.

kurz gebaut, G. short.

kusadlo, C. mandible.

kweeken, Du. to rear insects.

kweeker. Du. grower; raiser; culture;

a rearing or the rearer of insects.

kycla, C. coxa.

kyl, C. carina.

kyvadelka, C. halter, 2d pair of

wings in Diptera.

Laar, Da. femur.

Lade, G. lobe of maxilla (galea +

lacinia).

Laebepalpe, Da. labial palp.

Laeg, Da. tibia.

Laeggebrod, Da. ovipositor, consists

of three pieces plus two so-called

"sting sheaths."

Laengdestamme, Da. connective.

Lage, G. situation; deposit, condition; this is a word whose exact

meaning is usually determined by

the context.

lame externe, F. digitus of lacinia.

iancettformigt fait, S. humeral cell

in wing of Hymenoptera.

•ängdfara, S. longitudinal groove.

langue, F. glossa.

Längsadern, G. longitudinal veins as

opposed to cross veins in the wing.

Längskanten, G. longitudinal ridges.

Längsrippen, G. longitudinal ridges.

Längsstriemen, G. vitta.

languette, F. ligula.

Lap, Da. lobe.

lap pa förvinge, -S. jugum.

lapka, R. tarsus in insects.

lapkovoi. R. tarsal.

läppalp, S. labial palp.

lâr, S. femur.

lârben, S. femur.

lârled, S. femur.

lârring, S. trochanter.

Larveham, Da. larval skin.
larvstadiet 22 lopatochnyi

larvstadiet, S. instar.

Laufbeine, G. pedes cursorii.

lebhaft, G. of color, bright.

leckende Mundteile, G. mouthparts

of bees.

Leder, G. corium on tegmen of

Hymenoptera.

Ledforbindelse, Da. articulation.

Ledhud, Da. articular membrane.

Ledorme, Da. earthworms.

Legeröhre, G. ovipositor.

Legescheide, G. saw case; ovipositor

as a whole.

Legestachel, G. ovipositor proper;

i.e., the inner valves of the ovipositor

sheath.

Leggebrodd, Da. ovipositor.

Leiste, G. carina, ridge, list; a raised

border.

lei. Du. a flabby hanging lobe, like

wattles on a turkey.

Leuchtfleck, G. phosphorescent spot

on fireflies.

lèvre, F. labium.

lice, C. cheek; gena.

lichaam, Du. body in general.

lichinka, R. larva in general; maggot of a fly.

lid, Du. joint; segment.

lijf. Du. body in general.

linea, S. a measure of length.

linje, S. line.

lin'ka, R. molt, ecdysis.

linochnaya, R. molted (adj. form).

linya, R. molting.

linyat', R. to molt; to cast (i.e.,

shed) the skin.

lirovidnyi organ, R. pseudoarticulation (Acariña).

list, JS. ridge, keel, border; never

margin; literally "a raised stripe."

lista, C. carina.

Liste, Da. molding, strip, selvage,

list.

listewka, P. ridge, list, border, ledge,

flange.

listovidnyi, R. leaflike.

listwa, P. ridge, list, border, ledge,

flange.

litsevoi dugovidnyi shov, R. frontoorbital or facial suture (Diptera).

litsevoi kil', R. facial carina.

litsevoi shov, R. facial suture.

litsevoi valik, R. facialium (Diptera); vibrissal ridge.

litso, R. face, fronto-clypeus (Diptera); facies; praefrons; also used

for person.

litso sobstvenno, R. face proper,

lob, R. the usual Russian word for

front or frons; not used for head by

Russian specialists.

lob, S. lobe.

lobe externe, F. external lobe.

lobe interne, F. internal lobe.

lobnaya polosa, R. frontal vitta;

frontalia.

lobnoe rebro, R. frontal ridge.

lobnye shchetinki, R. frontal bristles.

lobnyi shov, R. frontal suture.

Loch, G. cavity, socket, hole, foramen,

lodochka, R. egg raftLoffel, G. cochlea tibiae.

loketni pole, C. cubital cell,

loketni zilka, C, cubitus.

loktevaya zhilka, R. cubitalis.

lopast', R. lobe; valve, such as the

"valves" of an ovipositor; blade of

a leaf.

lopatka, R. humérus; shoulder; scapula (i.e., in Hymenoptera - parapsides).

lopatochka, R. spatula, little shovel,

lopatochnyi, R. spatular; shovelshaped,
lozhnaya noga ;

lozhnaya noga, R. pes spurius.

lozhnaya sredinnaya zhilka, R. vena

spuria media.

lozhnogolova, R. pseudocephalon.

lozhnokokon, R. puparium.

lozhnyi, R. spurious, pseudo-.

luchevaya zhilka, R. radialis.

Luftloch,

fice.

Mittelbrust

G. spiracle; breathing oriluktorgan, S. primary rhinaria in

aphids.

lunka, R. lunule (in Diptera).

lyashki, R. coxae, might refer to

femur.

Lydorgan, Da. sound organ.

M

mâchoire, F. maxilla,

Maddiker, Da. maggots.

makadlo, C. palpus.

Makel, G. with special reference to

the elements of marking on the

forewing; spot or mark.

malanders, R. = mokrets, which see.

massenhaft, G. in large swarms.

Massenwechsel, G. literally, "mass alternation" (of host by aphids); used

for mass migration (of aphids).

massue, F. club (of antenna).

mat, F. dull, not shining.

matka, R. vagina, the widened unpaired oviduct: queenbee.

matt, S. dull.

mazok, R. marking.

mehrgipfelig, G. with several peaks

(of a curve on a graph).

mehrweniger, G. more or less.

mellanbröst, S. mesosternum; mesoscutum.

mellanbröstets sidoplâtar, S. mesothoracic epimerum and episternum.

mellankäkar, S. maxillae.

mellinkropp, S. thorax.

mellankropsrygg, S. scutum (especially in Diptera).

mellanrum, S. interstria (in Coleóptera); interspace.

œellanrygg, S. mesonotum, scutum

(in Diptera).

Mellembryst, Da. mesothorax; might

refer to mesosternum (in older papers especially).

Mellembrystets Bug, Da. mesosternum.

Mellembukled, Da. mesosternum.

Mellemkrop, Da. thorax.

Mellemlaengelist, Da. median keel.

Mellemryg, Da. mesonotum.

iMembranzelle, G. discoidal cell.

nesadenies, F. glands derived from

the mesoderm; accessory glands of

testes.

meshok, R. sac (as egg sac of coccids).

mesosköld, S. disk of mesonotum.

mezhpolovoi, R. intragenital.

Midtkaebe, Da. maxillae (in beak).

Midtkaebef0ler, Da. maxillary palp.

Midtliste, Da. median carina.

Midttarm, Da. midgut.

Minuten-nädelchen, G. micro pins

(used for mounting small insects).

misst im Lichten, G. measured in the

clear.

mit grauer Haarzeichung, G. with

scattered patches of greyish-white

pubescence.

mittel Beinpaar, G. middle legs.

Mittelbein, G. middle leg.

Mittelbrust, G. mesosternum.
Mittelbrustbein 24 nacke

Mittelbrustbein, G. mesosternum.

Mittelbrustgabel, G. mesothoracic

fork; furcula.

Mittelbrustplatte, G. mesopleura.

Mittelbrusistück, G. mesopleuron;

mesothorax.

Mittelfeld, G. central area of the

yiing; discoidal area or field in noccuid wing.

Mittellappen des Rückens, G. in Hymenoptera, the central main part of

mesonotum anterior to scutellum.

Mittelleib, G. whole thorax with appendages; stethidium.

Mittelrücken, G. mesonotum; scutum

in Hymenoptera and Diptera.

Mittelschatten, G. indistinct dark

streak in noctuid wing athwart the

discoidal area.

Mittelsegment, G. mediary segment;

propodeum.

Mittelzelle, G.

mittparti, S.

cases).

mittribba, <S.

medial cell in wing,

sternum (in some

media.

mnogoyacheistyi, R. multilocular.

mochevye sosudy, R. Malpighian vessels.

mokrets, R. Heleidae, biting midge,

punkie, sandfly, especially Culicoides

species (used only for this group of

Diptera by Russian specialists).

mokritsa, R. Heleidae; biting midge,

sandfly, punkie.

mollplatten, G. said of the bottom

of an insect box.

moshka, R. blackfly (species in Simuliidae)—only this usage by simuliid specialists in Russia.

moskit, R. species of Phlebotomus or

Heleidae, not mosquitoes; used to refer to Heleidae by nonspecialists;

used only for Phlebotomus by specialists.

most, R. bridge.

mousse, F. rounded.

mozg, R. ganglion.

Mumie, G. free pupa.

Mumienpuppe, G. free pupa.

mun, 5. mouth; oral cavity.

Mundâbning, Da. mouth opening.

Munddele, Da. mouthparts.

Mundknopf, G. oral condyle.

Mundlemmer, Da. maxillae in thrips.

Mundplade, Da. clypeus.

Mundskjold, Da. clypeus.

Mundstachel, G. left mandible in

mouth cone of thrips.

Mündungen der Duftdrüsen, G. orificiae of scent glands.

Mundwerkzeuge, G. mouth parts.

munsköld, S. clypeus.

museau, F. proboscis or snout.

Mustascher, Da. vibrissae.

mutovchatyi, R. whorled (as of

leaves).

N

na, R. usually on or upon; xzsea in

comparisons of size as "na fut koroche" = shorter by a foot.

naar achteren, Du. directed caudad

or (on leg hairs) apicad; always indicates direction.

nach hinten, G. caudad.

nach oben, G. dorsad.

nach unten, G. ventrad.

nach vorn, G. cephalad.

nachal'nyi, R. initial, original, primary.

nacke, 5. occiput; vertex.
Nacken 25 nizhnii ugol

Nacken, G. cervix.

nackgrop, S. occipital foramen.

nad-, R. epi-, super-; above or over.

nadelrissig, G. of a chinky sculpture.

nadgçbie, P. epipharynx.

nadglazkovyi, R. superocellar.

nadglotka, R. epipharynx.

nadglotochnyi ganglii, R. supraesophageal ganglion.

nadkrylovye shchetinki, R. supraalar bristles (in Diptera).

nadrotovoi shchitok, R. clypeus.

nadsemeistvo, R. superfamily.

nadustek, P. clypeus.

Nahtrand, G. suturai margin.

Nahtstreif, G. sutural stripe.

Nahtzelle, G. sutural cell.

naimen'shyaya shirina, R. narrowest

part.

nakalyvat', R. mount (on pins).

Nakkehulle, Da. cervical opening.

naksköld, S. occipital sclerite; cervical plate.

nalegat', R. to overlap, to lie upon.

nalichnik, R. clypeus; facies, praefrons of Diptera.

nalobnik, R. irons.

napadenie, R. attack, bite of a fly,

sting of a bee.

napivshiecya, R. (which is) fertilized.

nárt, C. metatarsus.

naruzhnaya lopast', R. mala externa;

outer lobe.

naruzhnyi, R. outer, external.

naruzhnye parazity, R. ectoparasites.

n^rzad pierscieniowy, P. ring organ.

nasada, P. base.

násadee tykadla, C. scape of antenna.

neben-, G. secondary; para-.

Nebenauge, G. ocellus.

Nebengesicht, G. parafacialia (Diptera); the part of the face between

the facial ridges and the eyes.

Nebenzungen, G. paraglossae.

nedan, S. underneath.

nedi, 5f. underneath.

nemnogo ne, R. very nearly.

neparnyi, R. unpaired, odd.

nepodvizhnoi, R. immovable.

nepolnaya kukolka, R. incomplete cocoon (the "incompletae" of Lepidoptera).

Nerv, G. vein in an insect's wing.

Nervenversorgung, G. innervation.

netochno . . . noi, R. not only . . . but

also.

Netzauge, G. compound eye.

niemals auch nur, G. nothing but.

Nierenmakel, G. kidneyshaped spot

nearly in the middle of the wing (in

Lepidoptera).

nit', R. filament.

nitevidnye usiki, R. filiform antennae.

nitka, C. funicle of antenna.

nityanyi, R. filament.

nizhnecheliust', R. maxilla.

nizhnecheliustnye shchupiki, R. maxillary palps.

nizhneguba, R. labium.

nizhnegubnaya zheleza, R. labial

gland.

nizhnegubnye shchupiki, R. labial

palps.

nizhnii naruzhnyi kil' bedra, R. ventral outer keel of femur.

nizhnii, R. ventral; lower; posterior

in some cases.

nizhnii ugol krylovogo treugolnika, R.

tomus (the hind or anal angle in the

wing in Lepidoptera).
nizhnyaya chast' 26 opylyat'

nizhnyaya chast' clypeus, R. postclypeus.

nizhnyaya kolennaya lopast', R. ventral genicular lobe.

nizhnyaya plastinka, R. steinite;

ventral plate.

nizhnyaya stvorka yaitseklada, R.

ventral valve of ovipositor.

noga, R. foot; leg.

nosok, R. a beakshaped process.

nozhka, R. stalk (of egg); leg.

nozhny yaitseklada, R. sheath of

ovipositor.

nózka, P. leg.

Nymph, Da. larva.

nymphe, F. pupa or nymph.

oäkta längsribba, S. vena spuria or

false longitudinal vein.

obere Seitenbrustteile, G. epimeres.

Oberflügel, G. elytron; upper w'mg.

Oberklappe, G. cauda,

Oberschenkel, G. femur.

oblast', R. region (of an insect's

wing); geographical subdivision.

oblicej, C. face.

obobshchat', R. to have in common,

to share.

obodok, R. rim; connexivium (of abdomen).

obolochka, R. cuticula; pod; case;

covering,

obrublennyi, R. truncate.

obshchii shov, R. commissure.

obshchii yaitsevod, R. oviductus communis.

obychno, R. usually.

ochag, R. focus (of a disease, or infestation); outbreak (of a disease, or

of insects); reservoir (of a disease).

ocko, C. ocellus.

ocni okraj, C. orbits.

ocni vykrojek, C. emargination of

eye.

odbytowy, P. anal.

odin, R. one, a certain; plural forms

used to mean one pair, some.

odnoitremya, R. unilocular.

öga, S. eye.

ohne ausschnitt, G. not emarginate.

0je, Da. eye.

0jefacetter, Da. ommatidia.

0jerande, Da. orbit; margin of the

eye.

okaimlennyi, R. marginated, flanged.

oko; oczy, P. eye; eyes.

okruh perianálnich zláz voskovych, C.

circumanal pore ring.

okuklenie, R. pupation.

okuklivanie, R. pupation.

okuklyat'sya, R. to pupate.

omsa hud, S. to molt; to cast the

skin.

ömsming, S. a molt.

onderbuik. Du. venter of abdomen.

ongle, F. claw.

oothèque, F. roach egg enclosed in

an egg case.

opaque, F. opaque; can also mean

dull, not shining.

opavshii, R. fallen (as of leaves),

oplodotvorenie, R. fertilization of the

$ by the $ insect.

opornaya plastinka, R. supporting

{or bearing) plate.

opushennyi, R. covered with short

hairs.

opylivat', R. to dust (plants).

opylyat', R. to pollinate.
organ slukha

organ slukha, R. tympanum.

osnovanie, R. base.

osnovaternitsa, R. fundatrix (in

aphids); stem mother.

osnovnoi chlenik cheliusti, R. cardo

(of maxilla).

osnovnoi chlenik usikoy, R. scape (of

antennae).

osnovnye shchetinki, R. basal bristles (= marginal scutellar bristles

of Comstock) in Diptera.

ostruha, C. spur.

ot, R. "by" an author; usually means

from.

otkladyvat*, R. to deposit; the usual

Russian term for oviposit (used with

"yaitso").

otmiranie, R. death.

otmirat', R. to die.

otpugivat', R. to repel, to scare off.

otrodivshiesya, R. being hatched,

being born, emerging (from a pupa).

otrostok, R. process.

otrozhdat', R. to give birth to (as in

live-bearing insects).

otrozhdenie, R. emergence (from

egg, cocoon).

otryad, R. the usual term for Order

(of insects) ; also used for group.

27 Pandefelt

ottisk, R. a separate; a reprint of

an article.

ottyanutyi, R. drawn out, produced.

otverstie, R. opening; pore; ostium;

foramen.

otwór gçbowy, P. peristoma.

otwór patyliczy, P. occipital foramen.

ovanför. S. above.

ovantill, S. dorsad; upwards (mostly a topographical term).

overbrenger, Du. transmitter.

överkäke, S. mandible.

Overkjeve, Da. upper jaw, mandible.

Overlaebe, Da. movable plate or

flap; labrum.

överläpp, S. labrum.

översida, S. dorsal aspect.

ovingad hona, S. áptera.

oviscapte, F. ovipositor and sheath.

0vre och nedre Analvedhaeng, Da.

dorsal and ventral anal plates.

ozdoba, C. pattern, marking.

ozdorablivat', R. to clean up (a focus

of disease, an infestation of insects) ;

to make sanitary; to improve sanitation.

Pa buken belägna, S. ventral.

Pâ ryggen belägna, S. dorsal.

Pâ sin höjd, S. at most.

pachka, R. raft (of eggs); parcel,

batch (of eggs),

pal'chik, R. digitule (in coccids).

palets, R. process; digit (in mites).

palicka, C. pestle; small club; may

be used for the capitulum of the

halter.

palochkovidnyi, R. rodlike.

Palpalstamme, Da. base or basal

segment of labial palp.

Palpebaerende Stykke, Da. palpiger;

palpbearer.

palpbärande utskott, S. palpiger;

palpbearer.

paipbärare, S. palpiger; palpbearer.

Palpeflig, Da. galea, external lobe.

Pande, Da. front, frons.

Pandefelt, Da. frontal area, or frontal field in Hymenoptera.
Pandefure 28 perlschnurartig

Pandefure, Da. frontal furrow.

Pandegrube, Da. vertexal pit (Orthoptera).

Pandehom, Da. frontal process;

might refer to antenna or to a "horn"

on the frons. i

Pandelist, Da. frontal ridge.

Pande0je, Da. frontal or median

ocellus.

panna, S. front; frons.

panngrop, S. vertexal pit (in Orthoptera).

pannkil, S. clypeus (in Hemiptera)

when narrow and sunken in.

pannlist, S. frontal ridge.

pannspröten, S. antennae.

pannstrimma, »5. frontal vitta.

panntuberkel, S. antennal tubercle.

parning, S. copulating.

parnye yaitsevody, R. oviductus.

parnyi, R. paired, even.

Parringslem, Da. penis.

Parringsorgan, Da. the aedeagus consisting of penis and usually two parameres.

Parringsredskab, Da. penis.

Parringstang, Da. clasper.

Pauke, G. tympanum( rare).

pautinnaya zheleza, R. sericterium;

silk-producing gland.

pazukha, R. axil (of a leaf); in the

midst of; usually refers to something

as being in a depression or at the

base of something else.

pazurka, P. claw.

pchelosemei, R. swarm of bees.

pçcherzyk szczçkowy, P. vesicle of

maxilla.

pçcherzyk wargowy, P. vesicle of labium.

pçdzelka, P. brush.

peitschenförmig, G. a long thin flexible organ with a thicker stalk.

penistragende Sklerite, G. theca (soused by Zimin).

pered, R. before, in front of.

peredne-, R. front, anterior, fore-,

pro-.

perednebochki, R. propleurae.

perednechast' tela, R. anterior part

of the body; pro-, meso-, and metanota.

perednegrud', R. prothorax.

perednegrudka, R. prosternum.

perednegrudnyi shchit, R. pronotum.

perednekrainyaya zhilka, R. costalis.

perednenalichnik, R. anteclypeus.

peredneshchitkovaya, R. antescutal.

perednespinka, R. pronotum.

perednii, R. anterior.

perednii otdel mozga, R. protocerebrum.

perednii shchitok perednespinki, R.

proscutum.

perekreshchivaiushchiisya, R. cruciate, intersecting.

perekrestnyi, R. hybrid (adj.).

pereletnaya sarancha, R. migratory

locust.

peremychka, R. bridge; connecting

piece.

perenoschik, R. transmitter, carrier.

pererabotka, R. revision, treatment

(of a subject).

peresekentsy, R. migrants (in

aphids).

pereselenie, R. migration, introduction.

peretyazhka, R. constriction.

perevyaz', R. belt, or band.

peristyi, R. with bi- or uni-laterally

situated hairs; plumate.

Perlesnorf0ler, Da. moniliform antenna.

perlschnurartig (of antennae), G.

moniliform.
pervyi chlenik usika 29

}

pervyi chlenik usika, R. scape.

Pfanne, G. socket; cavity.

Pfeilfleck, G. "arrow-spot" on noctuid wing; the strong teeth or pointed edging of the wavy line there.

Pflanzenschutz, G. literally = plant

protection; used in Germany to mean

Plant Quarantine plus Plant Husbandry.

Pflanzenschutzzeugnis, G. Phytosanitary Certificate.

pfriemenförmig, G. awl- or bodkinshaped; subulate; an exceedingly thin

elongated cane gently curved for all

its length.

phanères, F. anything projecting

from the surface of the tegument,

such as poils barbeles, poil adhesive,

écailles.

pièce basilaire, F. (of maxilla) =

cardo.

pièce sous maxillaire, F. (of maxilla) = cardo.

pied, F. foot.

Pig, Da. spine, barb, prickle.

Pigb0rste, Da. spiny seta.

pikhta, R. Abies piceae- Panzer ( =

PiniLs piceae); fir, not spruce; may

be used generally to mean "evergreen tree."

piPchato, R. serrately.

pil'chatyi, R. serrate.

pilka, C. saw.

plaat, Du. any plate or sclerite.

plaatje, Du. diminutive form of

plaat.

plamka, C. pterostigma.

plamková pole, C. radial cell.

Planteaedende, Da. phytophagous.

plastinchatyi, R. lamellate.

plastinka, R. plate, sclerite, lamella;

blade of a leaf.

plastinka skutuma, R. scutellum.

plat, C. plate.

podgorlovaya plastinka

plat srodkowy, P. median plate.

Platte, G. plate, lamella, tongue.

plechevaya poperechnaya zhilka, R.

humeral cross vein.

Plechevoi bugorok, R. humeral callus.

Plechevye shchetinki, R. humeral

bristles.

plemienie, P. tribe.

pletten. Du. to flatten by using pressure; to press down.

pleural, G. lying between spinal and

marginal (rows of setae in aphids).

Pleuralgelenk, G. subcoxa.

plosky, C. areae; areolae.

plytka, P. plate; lamina; sclerite.

plytka czolowa, P. front plate; frons.

plytka podbrodkowa, P. submentum.

plytka policzkowa, P. genal plate;

gena.

plytka potyliczna, P. occipital plate.

plj/tki przywargowe, P. laminae paralabiales.

po, R. usually means along, on; may

mean each, or be the sign of the

direct object or the subject of a passive verb; uped for "according to"

in "according to Uvarov."

po odnoi, R. singly, by ones, one

each.

pochka, R. gall, bud, gemma, nodule.

pochva kladelka, C. dorsal or anal

plate of ovipositor.

pod-, R. hypo-, sub-.

podborodok, R. mentum of proboscis

of flies.

podgçbie, P. hypopharynx.

podglotochnik, R. hypopharynx.

podglotochnyi uzel, R. subesophageal

ganglion.

podglotka, R. hypopharynx.

podgorlovaya plastinka, R. gula.
podkoTa 30 predpodkoTa, R. horseshoe (used to describe shape of circle of hooks).

podkraevaya zhilka, R. subcostalis.

podoshva, R. planta, sole; bottom of

an insect's "foot."

podpodborodok, R. submentum.

podrodzina, P. subfamily.

podsemeistvo, R. subfamily.

podstawka, P. base; footstalk.

podtalkivatel', R. parapodia (Díptera).

podushechka, R. pulvillus of tarsi;

disk or bulb of ovipositor; arolium of

claw in bees; usually refers to a pad

on any part of an insect's leg, generally the tarsi, except between the

claws. :. ' 111

podushka, R. pulvillus.

podvizhnoi, R. movable.

poil adhésif, F. adhesive hair.

poils barbelés, F. barbed hairs.

pokhod, R. locomotion.

pokrov, R. covering.

pole, C. area, field (of a wing); also

used for cell of a wing.

pole, R. cell, field (of wing, usually

the latter); if on metanotum in Hymenoptera = area, not margin in

entomology.

polezashchitnaya pelosa, R. shelter

belt (of trees) planted to protect the

fields in agricultural areas.

policko, C. this is the usual term for

"cell in an insect's wing;" it may be

used to mean area, areola, or even

field of an insect's wing.

polnotsennyi, R. full-value, highquality, valid (of species name).

polnotsiklyi, R. holocyclic (of life

history).

polnaya kukolka, R. pupa obtecta.

polo-, R. combining form (prefix)

meaning half- or sex-.

polonoska, R. sexupara (in aphids).

polost', R. hollow, cavity, chamber,

sinus.

polovaya faza, R. adult.

polovaya kleshnya, R clasper.

polovoe otverstie, R. genital opening; gonopore.

polovoi, R. sexual, sex-.

polovoi shchit, R. genital plate.

polovoi shchitok, R. genital plate.

polstáfek, C. arolium.

poot. Du. leg, never foot in entomology.

poperechnaya plastinka, R. transverse plate.

poperechnyi, R. transverse.

por, S. a small opening only.

pora, R. pore, referring only to an

opening on the surface of an insect's

body; also refers to time, season.

porazhenie, R. attack, infestation,

disease (rare).

po-raznomu, R. in different ways.

Pore, G. indented punctation as

though pricked with a pin, without

hairs; foramen; pit; pore.

Porenflecken, G. a spotted effect

caused by crowded, colored pores;

pore spots.

Porenlamella, G. pore plate (in

aphids).

Porenpunkte, G. dotlike pits.

postavlyat', R. to pose a question.

Posttergit, G. postnotum.

po-svoemy, R. arbitrarily.

poverkhnost*, R. surface.

povorotnyi chlenik usikov, R. pedicellus.

pozadi, R. behind.

pre-, R. suffix meaning pre-, sur-,

over.

prebasilaire (pièce), F. submentum.

pred-, R. prefix meaning pre-, front-,

fore-, ante-.
preddver' 31 przedodbytowy

preddver*, R. vestibulum.

predglazkovyi, R. preocellar.

prfidgrudnoi shchit, R. prothoracic

plate.

predkraevoi, R. submarginal.

predkrylovoi, R. prealar.

predkrylovye shchetinki, R. prealar

bristles.

predlapkoYoi, R. pretarsal.

Pfedohrud, C. prothorax.

predosnovnoi, R. prebasal.

predosnovye shchetinki, R. prebasal

bristles.

predozádí, C. pronotum.

predpolovaya, R. antegenitalis.

predshchitkovaya shchetinka, R. prescutellar bristle.

predshovnye shchetinki, R. presutural bristles.

predshovnyi, R. presutural.

predtemennye shchetinki, R. antevertical bristles.

predvlagalishchnaya, R. antevaginal.

predzheludok, R. forestomach but not

the proventriculus; it is the foreintestine of Comstock.

pregenitale, F. visceral.

préparât, R. preparation; entomological slide-mount; i.e., slide.

preparatglas, S. glass slide.

preparatteckglas, S. cover glass or

cover slide.

preparing, S, slide mount.

prevrashchenie, R. metamorphosis,

transformation.

Pri, R. suffix usually meaning para-,

never pre-; as a preposition it may

mean, in the presence of, by reason

of, in the time of.

prichlenie, R. articulation.

pridatochnaya zheleza, R. Filippi's

gland; accessory gland.

pridatok, R. appendage.

pridatok analnoi doli peredniego kryla,

R. jugum, in Lepidoptera.

pridatok kopulyativnogo organa, R.

aedeagus.

pridatok sumki, R. appendix bursae.

pfikycia, C. trochanter.

prilegat', R. to be recumbent, appressed (as of hairs).

prisoska, R. pulvillus in Díptera; empodium or pulvillus in Orthoptera;

empodium or arolium in Blattidae;

sucker in dipterous larva; caruncle

in mites.

prisoska mezhdu kogotkami, R. empodium.

prisoskovoi, R. pulvillar.

prizhat', R, to be recumbent, appressed (as of hairs).

processus terminalis, S. unguis

(aphids).

prokhodit', R. to insert (as antennae).

promezhutochnyi, R. metastemal

(Acariña), intermediate.

promezhutochnyi segment, R. propodeum.

promezhutochnyi shchit, R. paragynia.

promezhutok, R. interval; interspace;

interstitium (elytron of Coleóptera),

prostoi, R. simple.

prostoi glaz, R. ocellus.

protok semyapriemnika, R. ductus

receptaculi.

protok sumki, R. ductus bursae.

pryadil'naya zheleza, R. sericterium;

silk-producing gland.

pryadil'nyi sosok, R. spinneret or

fusulus.

pryamaya kishka, R. rectum.

prygatel'nyi, R. jumping, saltatory.

przedni, P. anterior.

przedodbytowy, P. preanal.
przedzuwaczka 32

przedzuwaczka, P. tormae.

przyjçzyczek, P. paraglossa.

przywargowy, P. paralabial.

ptenets, R. nestling (of birds).

puchok, R. tuft, cluster, (as of hairs

and the like).

Pudseapparat, Da. pollen basket.

Pudseredskab, Da. pollen basket.

Punkt, G. usually means puncture;

sometimes used for a dotlike spot.

punkt, S. point, dot, or puncture;

also a pigment spot.

Punktaugen, G. ocelli.

Punktgrube, G. puncture.

punktiert, G. a sculpture consisting

of dots—^punctate; either with raised

dots all over the surface or indented

dots.

Punktierung, G. punctation; may

only mean dotting or stippling.

punktirovka, R. punctation; may

only mean dotting or stippling.

Randader

Punkt0je, Da. ocellus.

Punktstribe, Da. punctate stria,

punt. Du. dot or pit; impossible to

know which is meant.

Puppe, Da. pupa.

Puppe, G. chrysalis; pupa.

Puppegemme, Da. cocoon,

pushistost', R. pubescence.

pushok, R. pubescence, tomentum,

flocculence.

pustoi, R. sterile, unfertile.

Putzfiisse, G. pedamina of some

Lepidoptera.

puzyrchatost', R. ptilinum.

puzyrek, R. vesicle.

pyatka, R. metatarsus; in blackflies,

used for "calcipala" when on the 1st

tarsal segment; when on gonosternum, it means "little heel" or small

heellike process.

pyatno, R. spot; macula.

pyskove makadlo, C. labial palp.

Q

Quaste, G. fimbria.

Querader, G. cross vein.

quergerippt, G. crenulated.

Quemerv, G. cross vein.

Querstreifen, G. cross striae, part of

noctuid wing marking; the outer

Querstreif forms the boundary between latero-marginal and median

fields; the inner Querstreif separates

the latter from the basal area.

Querstrich, G. mesocorium; transverse stripe.

queue, F. cauda.

R

Radialader, G. cubital vein in Hemiptera.

Raife, G. cerci.

rama, R. framework; sometimes used

for apódeme or sclerite.

rameno, C. arm; also used for basal

segment of clasper in á genitalia.

rand, Du. border, not edge; margin.

Rand, G. margin or border; not edge

(apparently used by H. Haupt for

edge); usually a margin, like the

margin of a page in a book.

Randader, G. costa; marginal vein

(of wing).
Randfeld 33 Rollrüssel

Randfeld, G. costal membrane in

Hemiptera.

randhaarede, Da. surrounded by a

wreath of hairs.

Randschuppen, G. marginal scales

forming the fringe.

Randzelle, G. cellula marginalis.

ras, S. race.

raskhodyashchiisya, R. divergent,

patulose (of hairs).

raskhozhdenle, R. divergence; disjunction (of chromosomes).

rasplod, R. brood (of bees).

rasselenie, R. dispersal; dispersion of

insects; a release (of parasites) in

the field.

rasseliternitsa, R. migrant (entomology, especially aphids) ; colonizer.

Rassenschnur, G. cline.

rasshifrovka, R. interpretation; deciphering.

rasslabnut', R. to relax.

rastitel'noyadny, R. phytophages.

rastral borsten, G. setae on hind

legs of aphid larvae.

Raubbeine, G. pedes raptatorii.

Raupe, G. the young of Lepidoptera

and other insects that have thoracic

and abdominal legs; "Afterraupen"

have more legs than true "Raupen."

razorvannyi, R. interrupted; split;

broken up.

razrez, R. section, cross section.

razrezhennyi, R. meager,

razvitie, R. development,

rebro, R. ridge; rib.

rebryshchok, R. little ridge.

redkii, R. usually means sparse;

sometimes thin, well separated, rare.

redko, R. sparsely, rarely.

redko lezhachii, R- well separated.

Refflad, S. furrowed in straight

furrows.

Regenerationsherde, G. nidus; i.e.,

center of development; center of

regeneration.

resnichki sobrany puchkami, R. fasciculate.

resnichki sobrany v vid kistei, R.

penicillate.

resnitsy, R. vibrissae.

Reuse, G. cage grid, filter.

rezkii, R. sharp (of a carina); distinct.

rezko, R, sharply, distinctly.

Ribber, Da. veins.

ribbor, S. veins.

ribbsystem, S. venation.

Riemenborsten, G. rowing hairs or

setae, as on the legs of certain water

insects, used for swimming in water.

Rieselfeld, G. a field on the metapleura, the orificia of stink glands

in Hemiptera.

rimpel. Du. wrinkle, not ruga.

rimpelt, Du. shagreened.

Ringglieder, G. small annular joints

between scape and flagellum of an

insect antenna.

Ringmakel, G. ringshaped spot toward the base of the wing.

Ringsumabsätzen, G. segmentation

(of the body or the antennae of an

insect).

Rippe, G. vein (of wing).

rissig, G. chinky, rimóse (resembling the finely cracked bark of a

tree).

rod, R. genus.

rodzina, P. family.

roenie, R. swarming (as of bees).

rog, R. horn.

roh, C. angle; apex of an insect's

wing when angular.

Rollrüssel, G. tongue of butterflies;

antlia.
romp 34 ryha

romp, Du. body without head or appendages.

R0rcell, Da. solenocyte.

rot, S. base.

rotflik, S. alula; jugum (on Lepidoptera wing).

rotoglotochnyi apparat, R. oro-pharyngeal apparatus.

rotovoi apparat, R. mouth apparatus.

rotovoi konus, R. pharynx.

rotovoi otverstie, R. oral opening.

rotovye borozdki, R. oral striae or

furrows.

rotovye kriuchki, R. mouth hooks.

rotovye organy, R. mouth organs.

rotovye pridatki, R. trophi; oral appendages.

rozeklany, C. cleft.

rubets, R. cicatrix.

rubanne, F. which bears colored

bands.

rucheiniki, R. erroneously used for

Anopheles in a paper on nematodes;

it usually refers to caddisflies.

Rücken, G. tergite; notum; dorsum.

Rückenabschnitte, G. tergite.

Rückenkamm, G. horny comb of notum in fleas; dorsal ctenidium.

Rückenplatte, G. tergite.

Rückenschild, G, tergite of thorax,

especially of the mesothorax; pronotum; also used for dorsal scale of

coccids.

Rückenschopf, G. in Lepidoptera, a

stout, up-turned tuftlike bunch of

scales behind on the notum of the

thorax.

Rückensegment, G. tergite.

Rückenspange, G. dorsal bands in

aphids; may refer to tergite; any

curved narrow sclerotized piece on

the dorsum.

rückenständig, G. dorsal.

Rückenteil {or Rücken), G. dorsal

I aspect; dorsum: dorsal part of puI parium in Aleyrodidae.

Rückgebildet, G. reduced or obliterated; degenerated; undergone involution; formed again.

Rückgebildung, G. degeneration; retrograde development.

rückwärts, G. of direction, caudad;

of position, dorsad.

rug. Du. dorsum.

ruggegraat. Du. mediodorsal.

ruggelings, Du. motion backwards.

Rugschild, Du. dorsal scale of a coccid; elytra (rare).

Rugzijde, Du. dorsal side.

ruig, Du. rough with hairs; shaggy;

harshly hairy.

Ruigheid, Du. shagginess.

Rumpf, G. thorax plus propodeum

(in Hymenoptera).

Rüssel, G. beak.

rvushcheezubets, R. tearing tooth.

ryad, R. number; row; series.

Ryg, Da. notum.

Rygb0rste (of antenna). Da. arista.

Rygdusk, Da. dorsal tuft.

Rygflade, Da. surface of dorsum.

rygg» S. dorsum.

ryggbihang, S. cerci.

ryggparti, S. dorsal parts; tergites.

Rygled, Da. tergite.

Rygplade, Da. notum.

ryggplâtar, 5. tergites.

ryggrör, 6". cornicle.

ryggsida, S pleurite; dorsum; dorsal aspect.

ryggsköld, S. dorsal plate.

ryggstycke, S. tergite of abdomen.

Rygplade, Da. tergite

Rygside, Da. dorsal side.

Rygskinne, Da. connexivum.

Rygskjold, Da. pronotum.

ryha, C. furrow.
sachok 35

S

Schild

sachok, R. insect net.

sadok, R. breeding cage (entomology)-

Saedkapsel, Da. receptaculum seminis.

Sack, Da. sac, pouch; the bag of

bagworms.

Saftröhren, G. cornicles in aphids,

when tubelike.

saftrör, S. cornicle, when tubelike,

Sagf0ler, Da. serrate or sawlike antenna.

sagittal'nyi shov, R. sutura metopica.

sâgskida, S. saw case.

sâgslida, 6'. saw case (Hymenoptera).

saillant, F. issuing in front and outside of.

garnets, R. male (noun),

samka, R. female (noun).

Samleb0rste, Da. scopa.

Samleglas, Da. collecting bottle.

Sammrlbeine, G. pedes anthophorii.

sammensatte 0je, Da. compound eye.

samoe bol'shee, R. at most.

Sansecell, Da. chemical organ of

sense; organ of touch.

Saugborsten, G. stylets; the setalike

mouthparts adapted for sucking (for

instance, in Homoptera).

Saugrohr, G. rostrum; sucking tube;

beak.

Saum, G. border, occasionally used

for "margin."

Saumfeld, G. lateral margin area.

Saumlinie, G. dark line along the

margin.

Schachtel, G. case for pinned insects.

Schaft, G. scape, shaft.

Schalldeckel, G. sound cover of

chordotonal organ.

Schaltstiick (of forewing), G. embolium; cuneus.

Schaltzelle, G. intercalated cell (in

wing of Lepidoptera),

scharfkantig gezackt, G. with sharp

transverse ridges.

schedel. Du. vertex of insect,

scheede, Dti. sheath; wing pad;

vagina,

Scheibe, G. disk; i.e,, the central upper surface of any part.

Scheide, G. sheath (as of ovipositor) ;

vagina,

Scheidenklappen, G. valves of ovipositor.

schein-, G. pseudo-; sham.

Scheingliederung, G. apparently segmented; sham segmentation (not actually divided into segments),

Scheitel, G. vertex, usually of the

head in insects.

Scheitelleiste, G. vertexal ridge;

ridge on the vertex of the head.

Schenkel, G. femur.

Schenkeldecken, G. dentate, platelike

widenings of the hind coxae covering

the base of the femur; coxal plates,

Schenkelplatten, G. dentate, platelike, widenings of the hind coxae

which cover the base of the femora;

coxal plates,

Schenkelring, G. trochanter.

Schien, G. tibia.

Schienbein, G. tibia.

Schienengrube, G. cochlea; fossa tibiae.

Schild, Du. elytron is correct, sometimes erroneously used for tegmen;

also — scale of coccids; cljrpeus;

scutum.

Schild, G. sometimes the discal area

of wing; sometimes scutum or scutellum; when situated on the head
Schildchen 36 seitewärts

it may be the clypeus; in coccids it

is the sheltering scale beneath which

the 9 scale insects live.

Schildchen, G. scutellum.

Schildchenstreif der Decken, G. a fine

impressed or impressed-punctate line

parallel to the lateral margin of the

scutellum.

schildje. Du. scutellum.

Schildmargin, G. terminal (discal)

margin (Hemiptera).

Schildteil, G. scutal part.

Schildwinkel, G. terminal angle of

wing; discal angle of wing.

Schiller, G. play of colors; luster;

irridescence.

Schläfenleiste, G. temporal ridge; a

sharp edge going out from the posterior margin of the genae.

Schläfenzahn, G. temporal tooth; not

a true tooth, but a projection of a

pad limiting the lateral lobes on the

occiput.

Schlüpfen, G. hatching; eclosión

(i.e., emergence from pupa, or egg).

Schlussfeld, G. clavus.

Schlussnaht, G. commissure; anal

furrow.

Schlussrand, G. commissure.

Schlussstück, G. anal area; clavus in

wing of Rhyuchota.

Schnabel, G. beak.

schnurförmig, G. threadlike, filamentous; moniliform.

schouder. Du. humérus.

schouderbuil. Du. humeral callus.

schouderknobbel. Du. humeral callus

or humeral tubercle (higher than

schouderbuil).

schouderschubben, Du. tegulae.

Schrillschwiele, G. stridulating

callus.

schubb. Du. scale; literally, it is

something easily detached.

Schulterbeulen, G. embolia; calli

humerales; humérus when swollen.

Schulterkamm, G. humeral ctenidium

= reduced wings in bat lice.

Schulterschwiele, G, humeral callus.

Schulterstreif der Decken, G. a short

impressed oblique streak outside at

base of the elytra; humeral stripe.

Schüppchen, G. squama, squamula.

Schuppenhöcker, G. in Lepidoptera, a

humpshaped accumulation of scales

on wing or antenna.

Schuppenwulst, G. in Lepidoptera, a

cushionshaped accumulation of scales

on wing or antenna.

Schuppenzahn, G. a toothshaped accumulation of scales on wing or antenna in Lepidoptera.

Schwanz, G. cauda.

Schwanzborsten, G. cerci.

Schwänzchen der Hinterflügel, G.

the long narrow continuation of the

hindwing in some Lepidoptera.

± schwarz gesprenkelt, G. with or

without black markings.

Schwerpunkt, G. center of gravity;

more important part; high point;

center of mass.

schwertförmig, G. ensiform; swordshaped.

Schwimmbeine, G. pedes natatorii.

scie, F. serra, saw.

^eitenblatt, G. connexivum in Hemiptera.

Seitenlappen, G. lacinia; lateral

lobes.

Seitenloben, G. lacinia.

Seitenplatte, G. stemite; pleurite;

lateral plate.

Seitenrandfeld, G. lateral margin

area; the distal part of forewing in

Lepidoptera.

Seitenrandlinie, G. dark line along

the lateral margin.

I seitewärts, G. laterad.
semeistvo 37 Sigte

semeistvo, R. family.

semeizvergatel'nyi kanal, R. ductus

ejaculatorius.

semennik, R. testis, testicle.

semennoi meshok, R. sperm sac,

seminal vesicle.

semennoi puzyrek, R. seminal vesicle.

semepriemnik, R. spermatheca.

semeprovody, R. vasa deferentia.

semyannoi protok, R. ductus seminalis.

semyapriemnik, R. receptaculum

seminis.

senkrecht hängende, G. hanging vertically; at right angles to body axis.

shcheinaya membrana, R. cervical

membrane.

shcheka, R. gena, bucea (Diptera),

cheek.

shcheF, R. groove; cleft; fissure.

shchelevidnyi organ, R. pseudoarticulation (Acariña).

shchelevoi, R. fissurai.

shchelochnaya zheleza, R. alkaline

gland.

shchetinka, R. bristle; seta; larger

than a hair (volosok), but not morphologically different from it; sometimes used for chaeta.

shchetinkonosnye bugrovidnye pridatki,

R. piliferi; seta-bearing tuberclelike appendages.

shchetinovidnye usiki, R. setiform

antennae.

shchetiny, R. setae, bristles.

shchetka, R. brush; comb on terminal segment in dipterous larva.

shchipchiki, R. forceps, gonocoxites.

shchupik, R. palpus.

shchit, R. scutum; scale of coccids;

plate of Acariña; pinaculum of lepidopterous larvae.

shchitok, i2. scutellum; plate (Acariña); pinaculeum (Lepidoptera larva); scale (coccids).

shchitovka, R. hard, armored, or diaspine scales as opposed to soft scales;

so defined by Borchsenius.

Shchupal'tse, R. pedipalp (Acariña);

the term generally used for palp by

Russian entomologists.

shchupikonosets, R. palpiger.

sheika, R. neck; cervix.

sherokhovataya plastinka, R. Krause's

organ (Orthoptera) ; also a roughened plate.

sheya, R. coUum; neck.

ship, R. spine in entomology; thorn

in botany.

shipets, R. spinule.

shipik, R. spinule.

shipovidnyi, R. spinelike.

shirina, R. width.

shishka, R. bump; tuber; warble (of

Hypoderma).

shov, R. suture; erroneously used

for groove.

shpits, R. unguis (in aphids); spur,

point.

shpora, R. spur; calcar.

shtrikhovka, R. stria; hatching;

shading.

Sideklap (on tarsus). Da. empodium,

arolium, pulvlllus.

Sidelaengdelist, Da. lateral carina.

Sidelist, Da. lateral carina.

Sideplat, Da. pleuron.

Sidestyk, Da. (of thorax) pleuron;

(of penis) paramere; literally, it

means lateral piece.

sidofâllar, S. epipleura.

sîdoplâtar, S. pleurites; episterna.

sidostycke, S. pleurite of abdomen.

sifoner, S. cornicles.

Sigte, Da. sieve net, especially for

collecting water bugs.
silkeshylsa 38 soYokupiternaya sumka

silkeshylsa, S. cocoon.

Singapparat, G. sound mechanism in

Cicádidas.

sinneshâr, S. sensory hair.

Sinnesstift, G. a strong short seta or

spine on the anterior margin of the

1st tarsal segment; sensory peg or

process; scolops.

Siphonen, G. cornicles of aphids.

skachok, R. mutation.

Skael, Da. scale (on lepidopterous

wing, body of curculionids) ; process

on petiolus (in Hymenoptera).

Skaft (of maxilla). Da. stipes.

skaft, S. scape.

skenben, S. tibia.

skenbensblad, S. a lancetlike process

on the front tibiae on the inside of

the middle.

skifte Hud, Da. molt.

Skinneben, Da. tibia.

skiva, S. any plate.

Skjul, Da. a cover or shelter.

skladka, R. ridge; occasionally used

for "stvorka" = valve; fold.

Skleritauflösung, G. sclerite degeneration.

skoba, R. parenthesis.

sköld, S. scale (of coccids).

skorlupa, R. chorion of egg (entomology).

skrzele odbytowe, P. anal tubes.

skuly, R. parafacialia of Comstock;

parafrontalia of others; genae (so

used by Bey-Bienko for grasshoppers); genovertical plates; frontalia,

Skuldercallus, Da. humeral callus.

Skulderdaekkene, Da. tegulae; i.e.,

pieces covering base of (fore) wing.

skulovye plastinki Iba, R. parafacial

plates of the front.

slaap. Du. lorus témpora.

slag. Du. kind (an indefinite term).

slaghâv, S. beating net.

släkte, S. genus.

slityi, R. fused, coalesced.

sliunnaya zheleza, R. salivary gland.

slivaiushchiisya, R. confused (as a

marking).

slivat'sya, R. to fuse, coalesce, run

together.

slozhennyi, R. folded; constituted.

slozhnyi glaz, R. compound eye.

slukhovaya lopast', R. tympanal lobe.

slukhovoi organ. R. tympanal organ,

tympanum.

Slynge, Da. loop (such as formed by

stylets of aphids at rest).

Smâ0jne, Da. ommatidia.

smazochnaya zheleza, R. sebaceous

gland.

Snabel, Da. beak.

sochlenie, R. articulation, joint,

condyle.

sochlenovaya golovka, R. condyle.

Sohlenblase, G. membranous cushion

on tibia; pulvillus.

sokovoibugry, R. cornicles (of

aphids), when tuberclelike.

sokovoitrubochky, R. cornicles, usually when tubelike.

solevynosliv, R. salt tolerant.

S0m, Da. suture,

söm, S. suture.

Sommerwirt, G. secondary host,

soort, Du. species, never genus,

sort, R. variety,

soska, C. proboscis, beak,

sosal'ts, R. haustellum.

sosatel'naya lopast', R. labellum.

sosatel'nyi organ, R. proboscis.

sosochek, R. papilla; nipple,

sosud, R. vessel, receptacle,

sovokupitel'naya sumka, R. bursa

copulatrix.
spadlik 39

spadlik, S. spatular.

Spalt, G. cleft.

Spalter i Hjaertevaeggen, Da. ostioles of the heart.

spánek, C témpora.

Spange, G. curved, braceletshaped

sclerites or plates anywhere on the

body; used for dorsal processes on

the genital arch in Diptera.

spannvidd, <S. wingspan.

spets, 5. apex; tip; vertex.

spetsb0rste, JS. arista (of antenna),

when terminal.

Spids, Da. point, or apex (of antenna).

Spiegelzelle, G. areola.

spinal, G. running along on both

sides of the longitudinal axis of the

body; i.e., mediodorsal.

Spind, Da. cocoon.

Spindekirtel, Da. spinneret; spinning gland.

spindelförmig, G. fusiform; spindleSpindevorte, Da. spinneret.

spinka, R. dorsum; mediodorsal line;

notum; in blackflies used for scutum.

spinnoi, R. dorsal; occasionally mediodorsal, or running along on either

side of the longitudinal axis of the

body (aphids).

spinnoi shchit. R. dorsal plate.

spinnye sklerity, R. terga.

spiritrompe, F. proboscis of Lepidoptera.

spitsa, R. unguis (in aphids); =

German Spitze.

Spitze, G. apex; distal end; unguis

(in aphids); point; tip.

Spitzenader, G. vein ending in the

vicinity of the wing apex in Lepidoptera.

Spitzenfeld, G. membrane in Heteroptera.

Spitzenquerader, G. in flies, the oblique, forward-bent, apical part of

médius.

Spitzenzelle, G. radial cell.

Spor, Da. spur.

Sporne, G, calcarla.

Hpriet, Du. antenna.

sprietschaft, Du. scape or shaft of

antenna.

Springbeine, G. pedes saltatorii.

sproeidop, Du. spray nozzle; jet.

Sprunghaft, G. discontinuously.

Spytkanal, Da. salivary canal.

Spytkirtel, Da. salivary gland.

Spytklinge, Da. hypopharynx.

squama, C. may be used for lacinia

of maxilla.

firedinnaya lobnaya mozol', R. median frontal callus.

sredinnaya zhilka, R. median vein.

sredinnyi, R. medial.

sredinnyi segment, R. propodeum.

srednebriushnoi, R. medioventral.

srednegrud', R. mesothorax; sometimes used for mesosternum.

srednegrudka, R. mesosternum.

srednespinka, R. mesonotum; scutum

(Diptera).

srednespinnyi, R. mediodorsal.

srednii. R. median.

srednii otdel mozga, R. deutocerebrum.

srednyaya lobnaya polosa, R. mediofrontal or frontal vitta.

Stabchensaum, G. striated border.

stade, F. instar (the period between

molts).

stadiinyi, R. phasic.

stadiya, R. instar, stadium.

stam, Du. phylum, not family.

stam, S. stem, trunk (not family);

stipes or foot stalk of maxilla.
stamm

Stamm, G. stipes.

Stamme (of maxilla), Da. stipes.

Stammoder, S. fundatrix.

Stammutter, G. fundatrix; stem

mother (in aphids).

Stark, G. of color, rich.

statsii, ß. station (RR or experimental); locality; might mean a

colony of aphids.

staw, P. pond.

stebelek, R. petiolus; stalk; pedicel.

stehno, C. femur.

stekel. Du. spine or sting.

steken, Du. bite of a fly; sting of

a bee.

Sternalgelenk, G. part of coxa joining it to the sternum.

stertyi, R. obsolete.

sterzhen' usika, R. funiculus.

stick, (S. rod.

stickprov, S. random sample.

Stiel, G. unbranched part of a wing

vein; i.e., stalk or pedicel.

stielrund, G. cylindrical.

Stift, G. peg; process; may also refer to the waxy filaments on aphids;

any rodshaped formation.

Stikborste, Da. stylet.

Stikkebrodd, Da. ovipositor.

Stilkknude, Da. postpetiolus.

Stilkled, Da. petiolus with a node.

Stimmdeckel, G. thickened covering,

or operculum, of tympanum; tympanal or sound cover of chordotonal

organ.

Stimmhaut, G. tympanum.

Stimmspalte, G. sound fissure of the

tympanum.

stip. Du. point, dot, puncture,

stipple.

Stirn, G. frons; clypeus in Hemiptera.

40 Striegel

Stirnauge, G. ocellus.

Stimaushöhlung, G. facial cavity,

cavitas facialis; hollowed-out place

on the frons.

Stimblase, G. frontal swelling.

Stimfeld, G. frons; clypeus in Hemiptera.

frontal plain,

frontal apex; apex of

G.

G.

frontal fovea.

frontal, or antennal,

Stirnfläche,

Stirngipfel,

the frons.

Stimgrube, G.

Stirnhöcker, G.

tubercle.

Stirnhöhle, G. frontal fovea.

Stirnkegel, G. frontal cone; genal

cone.

Stirnkeil, G. clypeolus or tylus in

Hemiptera.

Stirnschwiele, G. frontal swelling;

used for clypeus in some papers on

Hemiptera.

stítek, C. scutum; scutellum.

stopka, C. petiolus; stalk.

stopkaty, C. stalked; petiolate.

stozek zmysiowy, P. sensory cone.

sträng, S. flagellum; cord.

i s"trapezmtsi, R. commensals.

Streckborste, G. empodium.

strední pc^e. C. discoidal cell.

stfedni zilka, C. median vein.

I stredo-, C. meso-; middle.

mesopleura.

mesothorax.

mesosternum.

mesonotum; scutum

stfedoboci, C.

stfedohrud, C.

stfedoprni, C.

stredozadi, C.

(in Diptera).

Stribe, Da. stripe, or stria on elytra.

Stribenmellemrum, Da. inter-stria.

Strich, G. the narrowest; most elongated color marking.

Striegel, G. comb, pectén; strigil.
stroinyi 41 Teilader

stroinyi, R. "gracilis;" well-proportioned; long and slender; graceful.

Strube, Da. gula.

Strubeplade, Da. gula.

strupe, S. the part between the beak

and ventroposterior margin of the

head; the gula.

Stufe, G. of color, shade.

stvolik, R. stipes (of maxilla) ; foot

stalk.

stvorka, R. valve (of ovipositor);

válvula.

styng, S. aculeus; sting.

suauru, R. tabanids, or a disease

caused by them.

subgenitalni desticka, C. hypandrium.

subokulyarnaya borozdka, R. subocular groove.

Sugemund, Da. proboscis.

Sugeredskab, Da. beak.

Sugerir, Da. canal along which liquid food ascends.

sugrör, S. beak of Lepidoptera.

sugsnabel, S. proboscis (in Diptera) ;

sucking beak.

sumka, R. bag, pouch, sac, bursa.

svängkolvar, S. haltères.

svans, S. cauda (occasionally).

svanstrâder, S. cerci.

svetlyi, R. light.

Svingk0lIer, Da. haltères.

svobodnye kukolki, R. pupae liberae.

svrchni pysk, C. labrum.

syazhka, R. antenna.

syazhkovaya shchetinka, R. arista of

antenna.

szczecina, P. seta, bristle.

szczecina czolowa, P. frontal bristle.

szczecinka czuciowy, P. sensory

bristle.

szczecinka klinowaty, P. cuneiform

seta.

szczecinka kolbkowaty, P. clublike

seta.

szczecinka luskowata, P. scalelike

seta.

szczecinka maczuzkowata, P. bisensillum or sensillum IV.

szczecinka najkrótszy, P. miniscule

seta or sensillum trichoideum III.

szczecinka przedni, P. anterior seta

or sensillum trichoideum I.

szczecinka tylny, P. posterior seta or

sensillum trichoideum II.

szczçka, P. maxilla.

szew, P. suture.

szew czolowy, P. frontal suture.

szew epistomalny, P. epistomal suture.

szew wiencowy, P. coronal suture.

täckvinge, S. elytron.

täckvingens invikta sidokant, S. inflexed side of elytron.

tagg, S. a point; a prickle; a long

"tand," q.v.

talon, F. praetarsus.

tand, S. tooth; may be prolonged into "torn" or "tagg," q.v.

Tap, Da. process.

tarière, F. scie, serra, terebra.

Tarmkanal, Da. intestine, gut.

Taster, Da. palpus.

tazik, R. coxa.

tazikovaya vpadina, R. trochantin.

teguments, F. hypoderma; hairs and

scales; poison or wax glands.

Teilader, G. vena dividens.
Teilaugen 42 trompe

Teilaugen, G. ommatidia.

Teilungslinie der Fransen, G. a darker line parallel to the wing margin

in the fringe dividing it into a basal

and a distal half.

telo, R. body.

telo sumki, R. corpus bursae.

témë, C. vertex.

temennaya vershina, R. fastigium in

grasshoppers; apex of vertex.

temennaya yamka, R. vertexal pit

(in grasshoppers); parietal fossa or

pit; interantennal groove (in fleas) ;

coronal notch or parietal apex (in

lepidopterous caterpillars).

temennoi shchitok, R. fastigium

(Orthoptera).

temennoi shov, R. coronal suture;

vertexal suture.

temennoi treugol'nik, R. vertexal

triangle.

temennoi vyrez, R. coronal notch, or

incision, in lepidopterous larvae; vertexal notch.

temennye plastinki, R. parafrontalia ;

genovertical plates; vertexal plates.

temennye shchetinki, R. outer vertexal (or vertical) bristles.

tempe, F. temple.

temya, R, vertex.

teploliubiv, R. heat-loving; thermophilous.

Tergalgelenkplatte, G. axillary

sclerite.

Tergalhebel, G. notai wing process.

teza, R. one of the couplets of a

dichotomous key for determination

of entities.

tige, F. stipes of maxilla.

tilkrokade, S. bent like a crook.

tilspetsa, S. to sharpen to a point.

Tinding, Da. temple.

tinningar, S. témpora.

tip, R. type.

Tischgenossenschaft, G. inquilinity.

tkaneedy, R. histophages (entomology).

t'ma, R. an enormous quantity; beyond counting; innumerable.

tochka, R. point, dot; also used for

puncture; only specialized knowledge

of the insect concerned will definitely

indicate which equivalent is wanted.

tolstyi, R. thick, stout.

T0ndepuppe, Da. puparium.

tonkii, R. slender.

Topstykke av fortil Haerden, Da. parapteron.

torchashchoi, R. erect (of hairs).

Torn, Da. spine (entomology); thorn

(botany).

torn, S. spine, especially in lepidopterous larvae.

tot ili inoi, R. any, either, various.

trabekel, G. trabeculus.

Traadf0ler, Da. filiform antenna.

trâdformigt, S. filiform.

Tragplatte, G. apódeme of insect

skeleton.

trankheinye puzyri, R. trachéal vesicles.

trava, R. herbage; young succulent

stems and leaves; herb, weed; sometimes may mean grass.

tredje Brystring, Da. metathorax.

Trekantstykke, Da. scutellum.

trekhgrebenchatyi, R. tripectinate.

trekhyacheistaya zheleza, R. trilocular gland.

tretii otdel mozga, R. tritocerebrum.

Trommehinde, Da. tympanum; tympanal membrane.

Trommelfell des Gehörorgans, G.

tympanum of auditory organ.

Trommelhaut, G. tympanum of insect hearing organ.

trompe, F. proboscis of Díptera.
trubchataya zheleza

trubchataya zheleza, R. cylindrical

duct (in coccids).

trubochka, R. cornicle (in aphids).

tserki, R. cerci; also used for styli

(in flies) and for stylets (in fleas).

tsilindricheskyaya zheleza, R. tubular duct (in coccids); cylindrical

gland.

tsilindrovyi, R. cylindrical, tubular.

tulovishche, R. body without head

and abdomen; i.e., thorax as a whole.

tunga, S. tongue, glossa.

Tunge, Da. tongue, glossa.

Turbanaugen, G. compound eyes;

eyes divided by a furrow.

Tvaerfure, Da. transverse groove.

43 usiknaya shchetinka

Tvaerribbe, Da. cross vein.

tváf, C. cheek; gena.

tvärbrant, S. transverse or diagonal,

precipitous.

tvärribba, S. cross vein.

tyazh, R. arms of tentorium of insect skeleton.

tygel, S. lorum.

Tyggeflig, Da. lacinia or blade of

maxilla.

tykadio, C. antenna.

tyl, C. occiput.

tyl, R. posterior part.

tylny, P. posterior; hind.

tylovoi, R. posterior.

U

uglublenie, R. depression; hollow.

ukol, R. puncture.

Umfangader, G. circumferential vein.

umgeschaltener Deckenrand, G. epipleura.

unbehaart, G. glabrous or without

hairs.

underkäk, S. maxilla.

underkäkarnastyggflik, S. maxillary

lobe.

underkäkspalp, S. maxillary palp.

Underkind, Da. bucea.

Underkjeve, Da. maxilla.

Underlaebe, Da. labium.

Underlaebens Hage, Da. mentum.

underlag, S. substratum.

underläpp, S. labium.

underliv, S. ventral aspect.

Underside (of thorax). Da. sternum.

unterer Seitenbrustteil, G. episternum.

Untergesicht, G. epistoma; hypostoma.

Unterklappe, G. subanal plate.

Unterlippe, G. labium.

Unterrandzellen, G. cellulae submarginales.

Unterschenkel, G. tibia.

uppâtrikta, S. to direct upwards; upturned.

uppställning, S. erection (of a genus); arrangement (in a paper, or

in an insect case).

urbugtad, S. concave.

ur-halkade, S. excavated.

urochishche, R. hamlet, village; grazing range with tents or huts of shepherds.

ur-ringade, S. excavated or emarginated.

ushko, R. lobe, process.

usik, R. antenna.

usiknaya shchetinka, R. arista of antenna.
ustanoylyat' 44 Vingenervaturen

ustanovlyat', R. to erect (as a genus).

ust'it&e, R. ostiole.

ustupat', R. to be inferior to.

utbildade, S. developed.

utdelade, S. distributed (not geographically).

uzdechka, R. frenulum.

uzel, R. ganglion.

V, R. used in descriptions as English

writers use "with," i.e., "with long

hairs;" usually means in.

V chistom vid, R. in pure culture;

planted alone.

V osnovnom, R. basically, fundamentally.

V [2] raza, R. (2) times; used in

comparison of dimensions, as v 2

raza koroche = twice as short as or

2 times shorter.

vaginal'naya shchel', R. vulva (coccids).

valik, R. vallus penis; ridge, pad.

van, F. anal field.

vattenhâv, S. insect net for catching

water insects.

vattenklar, S. hyaline, not necessarily colorless.

vax körtlar, S. wax pores (in

aphids).

vazon, R. pot, as a flowerpot.

veer, R. mouth brush (in larva of

Diptera); fan.

venets, R. corona, circlet; when all

the planta of a leg (in lepidopterous

larvae) are armed with crochets on

the margin.

Ventralklappe, G. a semicircular

lobelike chitin plate under the anal

opening.

veretenovidnye usiki, R. fusiform

antennae.

verkhnii, R. dorsal, upper, top; may

also mean apical or anterior in some

cases.

verkhnii kil' bedra, R. dorsal keel of

femur.

verkhnyaya chast' clypeus, R. anteclypeus.

verkhnyaya cheliust', R. mandible.

verkhnyaya guba, R. labrum.

verkhnyaya kolenaya lopast', R. dorsal genicular lobe.

verkhnyaya plastinka, R. notum.

verkhnyaya stvorka, R. dorsal válvula (of ovipositor).

verkhnyaya stvorka yaltseklada, R.

dorsal valve of ovipositor.

vershina, R. apex; distal end (of

femur); peak (of an angle or curve).

vershina temeni, R. fastigium

(Orthoptera).

vershinnye shchetinki, R. apical

bristles; distal bristles.

vershinnyi, R. apical or dorsal; sometimes distal.

vertlug, R. trochanter.

vid, R, species (taxonomic category) ; form (in the sense of shape,

but not taxonomic) ; v vide = in the

form of; v vidu = in view of.

vidhängende, S. appendage.

vil'chatyi, R. forked, y-shaped.

vingarnasbakkant, S. posterior

margin of wing.

vingarnasframkant, S. costa.

vingbredd, <S. wingspan.

Vinge, Da. wing.

Vingeanlaeg, Da. wing pad.

Vingemaerke, Da. pterostigma.

Vingenervaturen, Da. wing veins;

venation.
Vingeskael 45 vpyachivanie

Vingeskael, Da. tegula.

vingfjäll, S. formation covering the

haltères in some species of Díptera.

vinghake, S. hamus.

vinglock, S. tegula.

vingmärk, S. pterostigma.

vinkel, S. mathematical angle; the

point where two lines meet.

viski, R. témpora.

visochnyi, R. temporal.

visok, R. one of the témpora.

ylagalishche, R. sheath of ovipositor.

vlagalishchnyi, R. vaginal.

vlak, Du. (n.) surface; an indefinite

plain; area, (adj.) flat, level.

vlakmaken, Du. flatten.

vieugel, Du. wing.

vleug«laanleg, Du. wing bud; wing

pad.

vleugelschild. Du. elytron, tegmen.

vleugelschubben, Du. wing scales

only.

vieugelvestigium, Du. rudiment of a

wing.

vnejsi kladelko, C. ventral valvulae

(of ovipositor).

vneshnestvornyi, R. perivalval.

rneshnii, R. external, outer.

vnitfni kladelko, C. inner valvulae

(of ovipositor).

Tnutrennie parazity, R. endoparasites.

vnutrennii, R. internal, inner.

vnutrennyaya lopast', R. mala interna; inner lobe.

vodoem, R. any accumulation of water from reservoir to well to pond,

or puddle, usually artificial or of

short duration; not a river, lake, or

sea.

voilochnyi, R. tomentose.

voksne Insekt, Da. imago, adult involos, R. hair or seta.

voloski, R. pubescence or hairs.

volosok, R. hair, pilus; smaller than

a seta (shchetinka) but morphologically no different.

volosovidnyi, R. hairlike.

voorwaarts, Du. cephalad; (moving)

forward.

voorzijde. Du. anterior side.

vorder Beinpaar, G. front legs.

Vorderbein, G. front leg.

Vorderbrust, G. prothorax; also used

for prostemum; when strongly developed and free, it is the pronotum;

when fused with the mesothorax, it

is the collar.

Vorderbrustplatte, G. propleura.

Vorderbruststück, G. prothorax;

propleura.

Vorderkörper, G. anterior part of

body (pro-, meso-, and metanotum);

head + thorax.

Vorderrandader, G. costa.

Vorderrücken, G. pronotum.

Vorderseite, G. irons.

Vorkammer, G. atrium of spiracle in

insects.

Vorteben, Da. proleg.

Vortefod, Da. proleg (incorrect).

voskovoi, R. waxy.

vospitat', R. to rear.

vozbuditel', R. agent (of disease).

vozle-, R. para-.

vozlekoksal'nyi, R. paracoxal.

vozrast, R. instar; sometimes used to

mean stage.

vozrastnost', R. maturity, aging.

vozrozhdenie, R. renaissance; regeneration.

vozvyshenie, R. callus, elevation.

vpered, R. cephalad, forward.

vpyachivanie, R. invagination.
vrâ 46 Winkel

via, S. a general term for corner.

vretenni zilka, C. radius.

vstavochnyi, R. intermedial.

vtoraya para cheliustnykh pridatkov,

R. maxillae.

vtorichnye parazity, R. secondary

parasites.

vtoroi chlenik usika, R. pedicellus of

insect antenna.

vydelenie, R. isolation; deposition;

emergence.

vyemchatyi, R. emarginate; hollowed

out; notched.

vyemka, R. notch, emargination, incision, indentation.

vyïti, R. to hatch, to emerge; to

publish.

vyklevat', R. to hatch.

vykrojek, C. emargination; notch.

vylet, R. emergence (from pupa);

flight.

vypasa, R. pasture.

vyploda, R. breeding, rearing; brood

(noun).

vyrez, R. notch; incision,

vyrezka, R. incision, small notch,

vyrost, R. process, protuberance.

vyshedshchei, R. hatching, coming

out, emerging; publishing.

vyshibat', R. emerge (from a cocoon) ; break out.

vystup, R. projection; may be used

for a slight process.

vyvedenyi, R. reared (adj.).

vyvertyvat', R. to evert.

vyvodit', R. to rear.

vzroslaya lichinka, R. mature larva.

vzrosloe nasekomoe, R. adult insect;

imago.

vzyatok', R. food of bees consisting

of honey and pollen; also apparently

refers to the collection of such food

by bees.

w

Wachsdrüsengruppen, G. pore plates

(in aphids).

Wachsraife, G. conspicuous wax

threads on apex of abdomen.

Wachsröhrchen, G. wax tubules.

walzig, G. cylindrical.

Wange, G. two sclerites of the head

capsule on the distal side of the head,

= gena + jugum jochstück + wangenstück (i.e., jugum + lorum +

genal pieces); also used for gena or

cheek.

Wangenkamm, G. genal comb.

Wangenplatte, G. bucculae; lamina

jugularis; genae.

Wangenwinkel, G. genal angle—that

part of the gena which projects before the eyes in an angle.

wachlarzowaty, P. fanshaped.

warga dolna, P. labium.

warga gorna, P. labrum.

-warts, G. -ward.

wedeiförmig, G. flabellate.

Wegfall, G. absence; failure to appear.

welt auseinander, G. far apart.

Wellenlinie, G. wavy line; a jagged

line on the lateral marginal field of

noctuid forewing.

wenig gewölbt, G. feebly convex.

wewnçtrzny, P. internal; inner.

wiencowy, P. coronal.

Windschatten, G. sheltered from the

wind.

Winkel, G. angle (i.e., the area enclosed between the straight lines
Winterwirt 47 zadnekrylovoi bugorok

forming the angle; angle in a mathematical sense).

Winterwirt, G. primary host (of

aphids).

wirken, G. to have an effect, as

"wirkt aufhellend" means to have a

clearing effect.

wirtelhaarig, G. verticillate; with

wreaths of stout long hairs or bristles going all around the joint and

standing out equally in all directions.

Wirtswechsel, G. host exchange or

host alternation; may also refer to

migration in aphids.

wskaznik czulka, P. antennal index.

wskaznik glowy, P. cephalic index.

Wurzel, G. base.

Wurzelfeld, G. proximal part of

wing, lying at the wing base.

Wurzelquerader, G. basal cross vein;

a cross vein between front margin

and subcosta.

Wurzelquerstreif, G. part of noctuid

wing marking; the basal cross streak.

Würzelständig, G. basal.

wyrostki odbytowe, P. anal processes.

yacheika, R. cell (of wing); locule;

mesh (of a network) ; cellule in lepidopteron's wing.

-yacheistaya zheleza, R. -locular

glands (as tri-locular).

yacheistyi, R. locular.

yacheya, R. alveolus, network (in

aphids) ; cell in wing of Lepidoptera.

yadovitaya zheleza, R. poison gland.

yaichnik, R. ovary.

yaitseklad, R. ovipositor.

yaitsekladka, R. egg mass, deposit

(of eggs), oviposition; it can mean

either the egg mass or an egg that

is laid as opposed to one not laid.

yaitsevaya trubochka, R. egg tube.

yaitsevod, R. oviduct.

yaitsevyi meshok, R. egg sac.

yaitsevyvodyashchii kanal, R. oviduct.

yaitso, R. egg.

yamka, R. pit; socket (of antenna);

cavity,

yamka dlya usikov, R. antennal

socket.

y asno, R. distinctly.

yazychok, R. lingua (Lepidoptera);

yazyk, R. hypopharynx; ligula;

tongue.

2a, R. usually beyond; sometimes

used for after, post-.

z?b, P. tooth.

^h boczny, P. lateral tooth.

^h dodatkowy, P. additional tooth.

^h koncowy, P. apical tooth,

zackig, G. zigzag.

zadek, C. abdomen; posterior part.

zadne-, R. hind-, meta-, post-.

zadnebokovoi, R. postlateral.

zadnegrud', R. metathorax; sometimes loosely used for metastemum.

zadnegrudka, R. metasternum.

zadnekrainyaya zhilka, R. anal vein.

zadnekryloYoi bugorok, R. postalar

callus.
zadneprokhodnoe otverstie 48 zu dritt

zadneprokhodnoe otverstie, R. anus.

zadneshchitkovoi, R. postscutal.

zadneshchitok, R. postscutellum,

dorsellum.

zadnespinka, R. metanotum.

zadnespinnoi, R. postdorsal.

zadnii, R. caudal; posterior.

zadnii nalichnik, R. postclypeus.

zadnii otdel mozga, R. tritocerebrum.

zadnii shcliitok perednespinki, R.

proscutellum.

zadohrud, C. metathorax.

zaglazkovyi, R. postocellar.

zaglaznichnyi, JB. postocular.

zahadlo, C. sting.

zakladni pole, C. basal cell.

zakrylovoi, R. postalar.

zakrylovye bugry, R. postalar calli.

zakrylovye shchetinki, R. postalar

bristles.

Zange, G. forceps; claspers; arm of

hypop^gium.

zanizhennyi, R. reduced, lowered.

Zäpfchen, G. tubule, small cone.

Zapfenmakel, G. a spot on the median area of noctuid forewing situated near the inner transverse stripe;

an equilateral triangular spot with

its apex toward the apex of the wing.

Zapfenrose, G. gall.

zaplechevye shchetinki, R. posthumeral bristles.

zashchechnaya oblast', R. postg^nal

region.

zashchechnyi sklerit, R. postgena.

zatemennye shchetinki, R. postvertical bristles.

zatemennoi, R. postvertical.

zatsepka, R. retinaculum; hook.

zatvorka, R. valve, lobe.

zatylok, R. occiput.

zavivat', R. to spin (a cocoon).

zavivka, R. the spinning of a cocoon.

zavlagalishchnaya, R. postvaginal.

zavyaz', R. cotton square.

zavyazannost', R. set (of fruit).

zazubrennyi, R. dentate, toothed.

zçby, P. teeth.

zesklerotyzowana, P. sclerotized.

zesklerotyzowana listewka grzebykowata, P. sclerotized comb.

zewnçtrzny, P. external; outer.

zgifta listewka grzebykowata, P.

curved, pectinate comb.

zheleza, R. gland; sometimes used

as equivalent for pore, sensu American, but it means the whole structure, not just its opening.

zheludok-sobstvenno, R. stomach

proper, ventriculus.

zhenskee sovokupitelnee otverstie, R.

ostium bursae.

zhenskee yaitsevyvodnoe otverstie, R.

ostium oviductus.

zhevatel'nyi zheludok, R. proventriculus.

zhgutik, R. funiculus; flagellum of

antenna.

zhigalka, R. muscid fly.

zhilka, R. vein (in wing).

zhilkovanie, R. venation (of wing).

zhuiushii, R. chewing.

zhuzhzhal'tse, R. halter in Diptera.

zhval, R. mandible.

zilka, C. vein.

Zipfel, G. tip; point.

Zirpader, G. stridulating vein.

zob, R. ingluvies, crop.

zritel'naya dolya, R. lobus opticus.

zu, G. to or toward; also "to be"

plus infinitive form of a verb means

to be done, not to do.

zu dritt, G. by threes.
zu zweit 49 zweiter Brustring

zu zweit, G. in pairs; by twos.

zubchataya plastinka, R. dentate

plate; lamina dentata.

zubchatyi, R. dentate.

zubchik, R. denticle.

zubets, R. tooth.

Zucht, R. (of insects) rearing, culture.

Zügel, G. lorum; frenum (used for

both by various authors).

zuiger, Du. proboscis; sucker.

Zunge, G. glossa.

zuwaczka, P. mandible.

zuwka, P. lacinia or blade (of

maxilla).

zweimal länger als, G. = doppelt so

lang als, q.v.

zweiteilig, G. dichotomous.

zweiter Brustring, G. mesothorax.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES

The drawings on the following figures are diagrammatical and

are not drawn to the same scale. They are intended to illustrate

some of the common foreign terms used (sometimes erroneously)

for the taxonomic characters indicated. Reference to the glossary

will show the language concerned.

FIGURE 1.

A.—HEAD—Giowa, Golova, Hoved, Huvud, Kopf.

1. Occiput—Hinterhaupt, Hinterkopf, Nacke, Tyl, Zatylok.

2. Vertex—Hjässa, Isse, Schedel, Scheitel, Témë, Temya.

3. Frons—Celo, Lob, Pande, Panna, Stirn.

4. Frontal ridge—Lobnoe rebro, Pandelist, Pannlist.

5. Clypeus—Chaperon, Epistome, Golovnoi shchitok, Hovedkapselns Forvaeg, Hovedskjold, Mundplade, Mundskjold, Munsköld, Nadustek,

Nalichnik, Nadrotovoi shchitok.

6. Labrum—Overlaebe, Överläpp, Svrchni Pysk, Verkhnyaya guba,

Warga górna.

7. Labium—Bagkaebe, Lèvre, Nizhneguba, Underlaebe, Underläpp, Unterlippe, Warga dolna.

8. Labial palp—Nizhnegubnoe shchupal'tse, Gubnoe shchupal'tse.

9. Mandible—Forkaebe, Kindbakke, Kusadlo, Överkäke, Overkjeve,

Verknyaya cheliust', Zhval, Zuwaczka.

10. Gena—Joue, Kind, Lice, Shcheka, Tvár.

11. Subocular groove—Subokulyarnaya borozdka.

B.—MAXILLA—Celist, Kaebe, Mâchoire, Mellankäk, Nizhnecheliust', Szczçka,

Underkäk, Underkjeve, Vtoraya para cheliustnykh pridatkov.

12. Maxillary palp—Bipalp, öelistni makadlo, Glaszczek szczçkowy, Kaebe-f0ler, Kaebepalpe, Kiefertaster, Kjaevef0ler, Makadlo, Midtkaebe-f0ler, Nizhnecheliustnye shchupiki, Shchupik, Shchupal'tse,

Taster.

13. Cardo—Angelglied, Gângled, Haengsel, Osnovnoi chlenik cheliusti,

Pièce basilaire, Pièce sous maxillaire.

14. Stipes—Anhängsel des Cardo, Skaft, Stamm, Stamme, Stvolik, Tige.

15. Lobe (galea + lacinia)—Lade.

16. Galea—Helm, Palpeflig.

17. Lacinia—Seitenlappen, Seitenloben, Squama, Tyggeflig, Zuwka.

17a. Digitus—Seitenlappensfinger.

51
FIGURE I.-Continued

C—THORAX—Borststuk, Brust, Bryststyk, Grud', Hrud, Mellankropp, Mellemkrop.

D.—ABDOMEN—Achterlijf, Bagkrop, Bakkropp, Briushko, Hinterleib, Zadek.

18. Dorsum of abdomen or tergite—Hinterleibsrücken, Hinterleibsschilder.

19. Abdominal sternite—Bauchabschnitt, Bauchplatte, Bugled, Bugplade,

Bukled, Bukstycke.

20. Spiracle—Aandehul, Andhâl, Atemloch, Atemöffnung, Dykhal'tse,

Luftloch.

21. Cerci—Afterborsten, Analborsten, Cerques, Halenokker, Halevedhaeng, Raife, Ryggbihang, Schwanzborsten, Svanstrâder, Tserki.

22. Ovipositor—Kladelko, Laeggebrod, Legeröhre, Stikkebrodd, Yaitseklad.

23. Ovipositor valves—Scheidenklappen, Chlopeñ kladélka, Verkhnyaya

stvorka yaitseklada, Nizhnyaya stvorka, Vnejsi kladelko.

E.—LEG—Bein, Ben, Noga, Nózka.

24. Coxa—Hanche, Höft, Hofte, Hüfte, Kycla, Tazik.

25. Trochanter—Lârring, Prikycla, Schenkelring, Vertlug.

26. Femur—Bedro, Cuisse, Laar, Lâr, Lârled, Oberschenkel, Schenkel,

Stehno.

a—genu or knee—Knae, Knie, Kolennyi chlenik.

b—ventral outer keel of femur—Nizhnii naruzhnyi kil' bedra.

c—dorsal keel of femur—Verkhnii kiP bedra.

d—ventral genicular lobe—Nizhnyaya kolennaya lopast'.

e—dorsal genicular lobe—Verkhnyaya kolennaya lopast'.

27. Tibia—Golen', Jambe, Laeg, Schien, Unterschenkel.

28. Spur—Eperon, Ostruha, Shpora, Spor, Sporn.

29. Tarsus—Chodidlo, Fot, Fuss, Lapka.

30. Metatarsus—Ferse.

31. Segment or joint—(of abdomen) Arceau, Bagfcropsled; (of tarsus)

Chlenik lapki.

32. Claw—Drapek, Griffe, Klaue, Klo, Kogotok, Ongle, Pazurka.

33. Empodium—Prisoska, Prisoska mezhdu kogotkami, Streckborste.

F.—TEGMEN, ELYTRON—Daekvinge, Deckflügel, Halvdaekvinge (error), Täckvinge, Vleugelschild.

FF.—HiND (or sometimes FLIGHT) WING—Bagvinge, Bakvinge, Flügel, Flygvinge, Flyvevinge.

52
FIGURE 1

53
FIGURE 2.

G.—HEMELYTRON—Halvdaekvinge.

1. Membrane—Haut, Häutchen, Hinde.

GG.—WiNG—Krylo, Krylovaya plastinka, Vleugel.

FoREwiNG—Forvinge, Framvinge, Perednee krylo.

2. Pterostigma—Flügelmal, Plamka, Vingemaerke, Vingmärk.

3. Alula—Krylyshko, Rotflik.

4. Squama—Krylovaya cheshuika.

5. Tegulae—Deckschuppen, Ecaillettes, Flügelschüppchen, Krylovye

kryshechki, Krylovye kryshki, Krytky, Schouderschubben, Skulderdaekkene, Vingeskael.

6. Vein of wing—Ader, Nerv, Ribba, Ribbe, Rippe, Zhilka, 2ilka.

7. Gell of wing—Cellule, Kletochka, Policko, Yacheika, Yacheya.

H.—ANTENNA—Czuiek, Fühler, Pannspröten, Spriet, Syazhka, Tykadlo, Usik.

8. Scape—Antennskaft, Fühlerschaft, Násadec tykadla, Osnovnoi chlenik usikov, Pervyi chlenik usika, Schaft, Skaft, Sprietschaft.

9. Flagellum—Bieik, Geissei, Gissel, Sträng, Zhgutik.

10. Club—Bulava, Fühlerkeule, K0lle, Massue.

11. Unguis—Processus terminalis, Shpits, Spitsa, Spitze.

12. Arista—B0rste af F0ler, Fühlerborste, Spetsborste, Syazhkovaya

shchetinka, Usiknaya shchetinka.

I.—ORTHOPTERON, HEAD, PRONOTUM.

13. Fastigium—Kopfgipfel, Temennoi shchitok, Vershina temeni.

14. Vertexal pit—Pandegrube, Panngrop, Temennaya yamka.

15. Lateral carina—Bokovoi kil'.

16. Median carina—Srednii kil'.

17. Transverse groove—Poperechnaya borozdka.

18. Pronotum—Forbrystets ryg, Forryg, Framrygg, Halsschild, Perednespinka, Predozadi, Rygskjold, Vorderrucken.

54
FIGURE 2

_y_ :r=:^=c:^ »

65
FIGURE 3.

K.—HEAD OF A DIPTERON

1. Vertexal triangle—Temennoi treugoFnik.

2. Frons—Öelo, Lob, Pande, Panna, Stirn.

3. Frontal vitta—Lobnaya polosa, Pannstrimma, Srednyaya lobnaya

polosa.

4. Frontal suture—Lobnyi shov.

5. Face—Ansigt, Ansikte, Litso, Oblicej.

6. Facial ridge—Ansigtsliste, Ansiktslist, Litsevoi kil'.

7. Facial suture—Litsevoi shov.

8. Parafrontalia—Skuly.

9. Lunule—Lunka.

10. Vibrissae—Mustascher, Resnitsy.

11. Vibrissal ridges—Litsevye valiki.

12. Buccae—Baki, Underkinder.

13. Proboscis—Museau, Soska, Sosatel'nyi organ, Sugemund, Sugsnabel,

Trompe, Zuiger.

14. Labellum—Sosatel'naya lopast'.

M.—THORAX OP A DIPTERON

15. Scutum—Mellankropsrygg, Mellanrygg, Mellemryg, Shchit, Srednespinka, átítek, Stfedozadi.

16. Scutellum—Antetergit, Plastinka skutuma. Schildchen, Schildje,

Shchitok, átítek, Trekantstykke.

17. Halter—Balancier, Balancierkolfje, K0llelignende Organ, Kyvadelka,

Svängkolv, Svingk0lle, Zhuzhzhal'tse.

18. Capitulum of halter—Palicka.

56
FIGURE 3

57
GURE 4

13-

12

2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 10 11

58
FIGURE 4.

APHID

1. Antennal tubercle—Fühlerhöcker, Panntuberkel, Stirnhöcker.

2. Ocellus—Bi0je, Einfach Auge, Glazok, Nebenauge, Prostoi glaz,

Punktauge, Punkt0je, Stirnauge.

3. Eye—Auge, Facet0je, Fazettenauge, Glaz, Netzauge, Öga, Oje, Oko,

Sammensatte 0je, Slozhnyi glaz.

4. Ocular tubercle—Augenhöcker, Glazovyi bugorok.

5. Prothorax—Erster Brustring, Forbryst, F0rste Brystring, Forstyk,

Frambröst, Predohrud, Vorderbrust.

6. Mesothorax—Anden Brystring, Mellembryst, Srednegrud', Stfedohrud. Zweiter Brustring.

7. Metathorax—Bagbrystet, Bagstyk, Bakbröst, Dritter Brustring, Hinterbrust, Hinterbrustring, Tredje Brystring, Zadnegrud', Zadohrud.

8. Lateral tubercle—Seitenhöcker, Bokovoi bugorok.

9. Dorsal tubercle—Ruckenhöcker, Verknii bugorok.

10. Cauda—Queue, Svans, Khvost.

11. Cornicle—Achterlijfbuisje, Ryggrör, Safthöckerchen, Saftröhre, Saftrör, Sifoner, Siphonen, Sokovoibugry, Sokovoitrubochky, Trubochky.

12. Hindwing—Bagvinge, Bakvinge, Zadnekrylo.

13. Forewing—Framvinge, Perednekrylo.

¿¡r U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1961 B99322

69