March 2015

Consumer Response 

Annual Report

January 1 – December 31, 2014
1 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

Message from 

Richard Cordray

Director of the CFPB

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or the Bureau) began consumer response 

operations on July 21, 2011 as the nation’s first federal agency specifically mandated to protect 

American consumers in the financial marketplace. Our Office of Consumer Response (Consumer 

Response) has continued to improve and expand the CFPB’s ability to engage consumers that 

face financial challenges and bring their 

concerns to the attention of companies.

The CFPB now accepts complaints about a wide 

range of products and services that affect 

consumers’ everyday lives, including mortgages, 

credit cards, student loans, auto loans, bank 

accounts and services, debt collection, and 

credit reporting. Consumers can submit a 

complaint on our website or by calling us tollfree, where we provide services to consumers in 

more than 180 languages. 

The CFPB continues to work toward expanding 

its complaint handling capacity. Every 

complaint the CFPB receives makes a difference. 

At an individual level, we have helped 

consumers obtain both monetary relief and nonmonetary relief, such as cleaning up their credit reports, stopping harassment from debt 

collectors, and correcting account information. At a market level, complaints give us insight into 

I'm a huge fan of the Consumer 

Financial Protection Bureau. I've filed 

several complaints and while not all 

resolved in a manner to my liking, there 

was resolution and a documented trail 

from which others can benefit in the 

future. I've made numerous attempts to 

resolve issues with large banks/credit 

card companies in the past but nothing 

gets their attention like a filed complaint 

with the CFPB. What could take months 

is reduced to days and sometimes hours 

in terms of response times. This is a 

huge win for the little guy! 

– Consumer from Texas
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what is happening to consumers around the country, right now. They enable us to listen to, and 

amplify, the concerns of any American who wants to be heard. They serve as a compass to direct 

our work and help us identify and prioritize problems for potential supervisory, enforcement, 

and regulatory action. 

Through our public Consumer Complaint Database, launched by Consumer Response in June 

2012, others can learn from consumers’ complaints too. By making complaint data publicly 

available, we hope to improve the transparency and efficiency of the consumer financial 

marketplace. The database, available on our website, is already being used by consumers, 

advocacy groups, businesses, policy makers, and journalists as a resource for spotting areas for 

improvement and trends in the marketplace that they can also share with the public. 

Through these various approaches, the voices of consumers remain at the center of the Bureau’s 

work. Many companies are adapting to this focus to become more directly responsive to 

consumer concerns. We continue to work to fulfill Congress’s vision that we stand on the side of 

consumers to help improve their financial lives. Through their complaints, consumers help us 

make the marketplace a better and safer place. This is good for consumers, for the responsible 

businesses that seek to serve them, and for the American economy as a whole. 

Sincerely, 

Richard Cordray
3 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

Table of contents

Message from Richard Cordray .................................................................................1

Table of contents.........................................................................................................3

1. Introduction...........................................................................................................5

2. How the CFPB handles complaints...................................................................11

3. Results.................................................................................................................13

3.1 Complaints handled in 2014 .................................................................. 13

3.2 Consumers’ debt collection complaints ................................................. 14

3.3 Consumers’ mortgage complaints ...........................................................17

3.4 Consumers’ credit reporting complaints................................................20

3.5 Consumers’ bank account and service complaints ................................22

3.6 Consumers’ credit card complaints........................................................ 25

3.7 Consumers’ consumer loan complaints .................................................26

3.8 Consumers’ private student loan complaints.........................................29

3.9 Consumers’ payday loan complaints......................................................30

3.10 Consumers’ money transfer complaints ................................................33

3.11 Consumers’ prepaid card complaints.....................................................36

3.12 Other financial services complaints .......................................................38

3.13 How companies respond to consumer complaints ................................40
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3.14 Consumers’ feedback about companies’ responses ...............................44

3.15 Consumer Response investigation and analysis ....................................45

4. Conclusion ..........................................................................................................46

5. Consumers’ credit reporting complaints..........................................................48

5.1 Complaint volume and issues.................................................................48

5.2 Market distribution of complaints ......................................................... 52

5.3 NCRA responses to complaints .............................................................. 55

5.4 Investigator Observations ......................................................................60
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1. Introduction

The CFPB is the first federal agency solely focused on consumer financial protection.1 Collecting, 

investigating, and responding to consumer complaints2 are integral parts of the CFPB’s work.3

The Bureau’s Office of Consumer Response hears directly from consumers about the challenges 

they face in the marketplace, brings their concerns to the attention of companies, and assists in 

addressing their complaints.

When the Bureau opened its doors on July 21, 2011, it began consumer response operations on 

the same day, accepting consumer complaints about credit cards. Since then, the Bureau has 

expanded its complaint handling to include complaints about: mortgages, bank accounts and 

services, private student loans, vehicle and other consumer loans, credit reporting, money 

transfers and virtual currency, debt collection, payday loans, prepaid cards, and other financial 

services. 

 

1 The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111-203 (“Dodd-Frank Act”) created the 

CFPB to protect consumers of financial products or services and to encourage the fair and competitive operation of consumer 

financial markets.

2 Consumer complaints are submissions that express dissatisfaction with, or communicate suspicion of wrongful conduct by, an 

identifiable entity related to a consumer’s personal experience with a financial product or service.

3 See Dodd-Frank Act, Pub. L. No. 111-203, Section 1021(c)(2).
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FIGURE 1: TYPES OF COMPLAINTS HANDLED OVER TIME

The CFPB has expanded its complaint handling over time to include multiple products and 

services under its authority. Consumers may also contact the CFPB about other products and 

services. The Bureau refers consumers to other regulators or additional resources as 

appropriate.

The CFPB’s phased-in approach to taking complaints has allowed Consumer Response to 

develop strong foundations over time. Based on feedback from consumers and companies, as 

well as its own observations, Consumer Response identifies new opportunities to improve its 

processes and implement changes with each product launch. By applying the lessons learned 

through previous complaint rollouts, Consumer Response has improved its intake process, 

enhanced communication with companies, and ensured the system’s ease-of-use and 

effectiveness for consumers. 

The Bureau generally has relied on the consumer’s characterization of his or her complaint to

identify its nature for analytical purposes. However, the CFPB’s experience to date suggests that

consumers may have differing interpretations of what these categories mean. For example, one

consumer might choose to categorize a problem as a billing dispute, while another might

identify a similar issue as a concern with a provider’s processing of the transaction. The CFPB 

continues to assess how to make the complaint form more intuitive for consumers.

Since beginning to accept complaints on July 21, 2011 and through February 28, 2015, the CFPB 

has handled approximately 558,800 consumer complaints. 
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FIGURE 2: COMPLAINTS OVER TIME

FIGURE 3: COMPLAINT VOLUME BY PRODUCT 2013 AND 2014
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Year over year, complaint volume has steadily increased, rising 53% from 163,700 in 2013 to 

250,700 in 2014.

Information about consumer complaints is available to the public, through the CFPB’s public 

Consumer Complaint Database, launched on June 19, 2012.4 Initially populated with credit card 

complaints received on and after June 1, 2012, the database has been expanded over time:

 October 2012: added credit card complaints dating back to December 1, 2011;

 March 2013: added mortgage complaints dating back to December 1, 2011; bank account 

and service complaints, private student loan complaints, and other consumer loan 

complaints, all dating back to March 1, 2012;

 May 2013: added credit reporting complaints dating back to October 22, 2012 and 

money transfer complaints dating back to April 4, 2013; 

 November 2013: added debt collection complaints dating back to July 10, 2013;

 July 2014: added payday loan complaints dating back to November 6, 2013; and

 January 2015: added prepaid cards, other consumer loans (pawn and title loans), and 

other financial services dating back to July 19, 2014.

A complaint is listed in the database after the company responds to the complaint or after the 

company has had the complaint for 15 calendar days, whichever comes first. Complaints can be 

removed if they do not meet all of the publication criteria.5

The database updates nightly, and contains certain individual complaint-level data collected by

the CFPB, including the type of complaint, the date of submission, the consumer’s zip code, and

the company that the complaint concerns. The database also includes information about the

actions taken by a company in response to a complaint – whether the company’s response was

timely, how the company responded, and whether the consumer disputed the company’s

 

4

In December 2011, the CFPB asked the public to comment on a proposed policy of making some credit card complaint data 

publicly available. After considering those comments, the CFPB finalized its policy for disclosing some of the data through its 

Consumer Complaint Database. See Disclosure of Certain Credit Card Complaint Data, 77 Fed. Reg. 37,558 (June 22, 2012).

5 See Disclosure of Certain Credit Card Complaint Data, 77 Fed. Reg. 37,558 (June 22, 2012).
9 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

response. The database does not include confidential information about consumers’ identities.

Web-based and user-friendly features of the database include the ability to filter data based on

specific search criteria, to aggregate data in various ways, such as by complaint type, company,

zip code, date, or any combination of available variables, and to download data.

http://www.consumerfinance.gov/complaintdatabase

In July 2014, the Bureau published a notice seeking public comment on a proposed expansion of 

the public complaint database to include unstructured consumer complaint narrative data. The 

Bureau received more than 130 unique comments from, among others, consumer groups, trade 
10 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

associations, companies and individuals. Many consumer advocacy groups, including four 

nationally recognized privacy groups, have submitted public comments supporting the Bureau’s 

proposal. In March 2015, the CFPB issued a final policy statement to provide guidance on how 

the Bureau plans to provide consumers who submit their complaints directly to the CFPB the 

opportunity to share their individual stories with other consumers and the marketplace by 

including consumer complaint narratives in the Consumer Complaint Database. Only those 

narratives for which opt-in consumer consent is obtained and to which a robust personal 

information scrubbing process is applied are eligible for disclosure. The CFPB gives companies 

the opportunity to respond publicly to the substance of the consumer complaints they receive 

from the CFPB by selecting from a set list of public-facing response categories. Companies are 

under no obligation to avail themselves of the opportunity. In March 2015, the Bureau also 

issued a Notice and Request for Information to solicit and collect input from the public on the 

potential collection, identification, and sharing of consumer compliments and related data and 

feedback specific to positive interactions with consumer financial companies.

The CFPB also has a “Tell Your Story” feature on its website that gives consumers the 

opportunity to share their experiences – positive or negative – with consumer financial products 

and services. These submissions, like formal complaints, are reviewed by CFPB staff to help the 

Bureau understand current issues in the financial marketplace.

In keeping with the CFPB’s statutory responsibility and its commitment to accountability, this 

report provides an overview of the handling and analysis of complaints received by the Bureau 

from January 1 through December 31, 2014.6

Consumer Response continually strives to improve data quality and protect sensitive 

information, while increasingly making data available through reports to Congress and to the 

public about the complaints the CFPB receives and by sharing certain data with the public 

through the Consumer Complaint Database.

 

6 This report addresses the reporting requirements of Dodd-Frank Act Section 1013(b)(3)(c), 12 U.S.C. § 5493(b)(3)(c), and Fair 

Credit Reporting Act Section 611(e), 15 U.S.C. § 1681i(e).
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2. How the CFPB handles 

complaints

Consumer Response receives complaints and inquiries directly from consumers. The CFPB 

accepts complaints through its website and by telephone, mail, email, fax, and referral. 

Consumers submit complaints on the Bureau’s website using complaint forms tailored to 

specific products, and can also log on to a secure consumer portal to check the status of a 

complaint and review a company’s response. While on the website, consumers can chat with a 

live agent to get help completing a complaint form. Consumers can also call the Bureau’s tollfree number to ask questions, submit a complaint, check the status of a complaint, and more. 

The CFPB’s U.S.-based contact centers provide services to consumers in more than 180 

languages and to consumers who are deaf, have hearing loss, or have speech disabilities via a 

toll-free telephone number. Cutting-edge technology, including secure company and consumer 

portals, makes the process efficient and user-friendly for consumers and companies. For 

companies, the CFPB provides secure channels for communicating directly with dedicated staff 

about technical issues.

The CFPB’s Consumer Response team screens all complaints submitted by consumers based on

several criteria, including whether the complaint should be routed to another regulator, whether 

the complaint is complete, and whether the complaint is duplicative of a prior submission by the 

same consumer. Screened complaints are sent via a secure web portal to the appropriate 

company.7 The company reviews the information, communicates with the consumer as needed, 

and determines what action to take in response. The company then reports back to the 

consumer and the CFPB via the secure company portal, and the Bureau invites the consumer to 

 

7 Consumer Response may refer a complaint to the appropriate regulator if, among other reasons, it does not involve a product or 

market that is within the Bureau’s jurisdiction or that is not currently being handled by the Bureau. 
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review the response and provide feedback. Consumer Response reviews the feedback consumers 

provide about company responses, using this information along with other information such as 

the timeliness of the company’s response, for example, to help prioritize complaints for 

investigation.8 Consumers who have submitted complaints with the Bureau can log onto the 

secure consumer portal available on the CFPB’s website or call a toll-free number to receive 

status updates, provide additional information, and review responses provided to the consumer 

by the company. 

Throughout this process, subject-matter experts help monitor certain complaints. For example, 

the Office of Servicemember Affairs coordinates on complaints submitted by servicemembers or 

their spouses and dependents. 

 

8 The CFPB requests that companies respond to complaints within 15 calendar days. If a complaint cannot be closed within 15 

calendar days, a company may indicate that its work on the complaint is “In progress” and provide a final response within 60 

calendar days.
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3. Results

3.1 Complaints handled in 2014

Between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014, the CFPB received approximately 250,700 

consumer complaints.9

FIGURE 4: CONSUMER COMPLAINTS BY PRODUCT10

Approximately 67% of all consumer complaints were submitted through the CFPB’s website and 

9% via telephone calls. Referrals accounted for 15% of all complaints received. The rest were 

submitted by mail, email, and fax. 

 

9 This analysis excludes multiple complaints submitted by a given consumer on the same issue and whistleblower tips. All data are 

current as of January 1, 2015. 

10 Percentages may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
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The tables and figures presented below show complaints by type, actions taken, company 

responses, and consumers’ feedback about company responses.11

3.2 Consumers’ debt collection complaints

Figures 5 and 6 and Table 1 show the types of debt collection complaints reported by consumers 

for the approximately 88,300 debt collection complaints the CFPB received in 2014.

FIGURE 5: TYPES OF DEBT CONSUMERS COMPLAIN ABOUT

Debt collection complaints led both the daily and monthly volume of complaints handled in 

2014. The increased overall percentage share of debt collection complaints from 2013 to 2014 

was accompanied by a slight redistribution of the particular issues that consumers’ complained 

about. The number of debt collection complaints related to payday loans increased by 8% in 

2014 while the volume of debt collection complaints received in 2014 related to other products 

remained consistent with 2013 volume.

 

11 Percentages may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
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FIGURE 6: TYPES OF DEBT COLLECTION COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS
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TABLE 1: TYPES OF DEBT COLLECTION COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of debt collection complaints %

Continued attempts to collect debt not owed (Debt was discharged in bankruptcy, 

debt resulted from identity theft, debt was paid, debt is not mine) 37%

Communication tactics (Frequent or repeated calls, called outside of 8am-9pm, 

used obscene, profane or other abusive language, threatened to take legal action, 

called after sent written cease of communication notice)

20%

Disclosure verification of debt (Did not receive notice of right to dispute, not enough

information to verify debt, did not disclose communication was an attempt to collect 

a debt)

13%

Taking/threatening an illegal action (Threatened to arrest me or take me to jail if I do

not pay, threatened to sue me on debt that is too old to be sued on, sued me 

without properly notifying me of lawsuit, sued me where I did not live or did not sign 

for the debt, attempted to/collected exempt funds, seized or attempted to seize 

property)

12%

False statements or representation (Attempted to collect wrong amount, 

impersonated attorney, law enforcement or government official, indicated 

committing crime by not paying debt, indicated should not respond to lawsuit)

10%

Improper contact or sharing of information (Contacted me after I asked not to,

contacted my employer, contacted me instead of my attorney, talked to a third party

about my debt)

7%

Total Debt Collection Complaints 100%

The most common type of debt collection complaint is about continued attempts to collect a 

debt that the consumer reports is not owed. In many of these cases, the attempt to collect the 

debt is not itself the problem; rather, consumers assert that the calculation of the amount of 

underlying debt is inaccurate or unfair. In other cases, the consumer complains about the 

furnishing of information to credit reporting agencies. These complaints, which are often 

consistent with complaints consumers submit to the Bureau about credit reporting, suggest that 

consumers frequently only learn about debt collection accounts when they check their credit 

reports.

Complaints about debt collectors’ communications tactics (telephone collections especially) are 

also still very common. In addition to the frequent complaints about collection calls, which 

consumers say are too frequent or at inconvenient times of the day, there were a significant 
17 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

number of complaints about calls to third parties or calls to the consumer’s place of 

employment. 

Consumers also complained about the lack of debt validation received from debt collectors and 

consumers often ask collectors for additional documentation to support the debt. The amount 

of documentation provided by some debt collectors in response appears to frustrate many 

consumers, especially when the documentation is a simple invoice or bill for the services or 

goods that were the subject of the debt being collected. There are a number of collectors who 

reportedly respond to any consumer complaints by closing the account and returning it to their 

client. 

There were a number of notable trends in debt collection complaints in 2014. Some consumers

complained about debt collectors asking for payments on time-barred debt. Consumers have 

also complained about finding collection accounts on their credit reports, even though they 

never received an initial notice from the debt collector (i.e., passive collections or parking). In 

other complaints, consumers reported companies buying second mortgages that were 

discharged in bankruptcy and then pursuing foreclosure on the mortgages. A large number of 

complaints involved medical debt. A majority of these complaints focused on the consumer’s 

belief that the insurance should have or already paid off the account being collected. Consumers 

report that their ability to get an accurate accounting of the amount owed and the amount 

already paid from the debt collector is a common problem.

3.3 Consumers’ mortgage complaints

Figures 7 and 8 and Table 2 show the types of mortgage complaints reported by consumers for 

the approximately 51,200 mortgage complaints the CFPB received in 2014.

FIGURE 7: TYPES OF MORTGAGE PRODUCTS CONSUMERS COMPLAIN ABOUT
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FIGURE 8: TYPES OF MORTGAGE COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

TABLE 2: TYPES OF MORTGAGE COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of mortgage complaints %

Problems when you are unable to pay (Loan modification, collection, foreclosure) 49%

Making payments (Loan servicing, payments, escrow accounts) 35%

Applying for the loan (Application, originator, mortgage broker) 8%

Signing the agreement (Settlement process and costs) 4%

Receiving a credit offer (Credit decision/Underwriting) 2%

Other 1%

Total Mortgage Complaints 100%

The most common type of mortgage complaint continues to involve problems consumers face 

when they are unable to make payments, such as issues relating to loan modifications, 

collections, or foreclosures. In particular, consumers still complain about delays and ambiguity 
19 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

in the review of their modification applications. Some consumers expressed concerns about the 

documentation requests they receive and argue that they were not provided a reasonable date by 

which the required documents had to be returned but instead were instructed to return the 

documents “immediately”. Other consumers complained that they were not considered for all 

available loss mitigation options or that the terms of the approved modification were 

unfavorable (e.g., required interest only payments). Consumers with successfully completed 

loan modifications have complained that some servicers do not amend derogatory credit 

reporting accrued by consumers during trial periods although documents provided to the 

consumers by servicers indicated that they would do so. 

Consumers also complained about issues they encountered while pursuing short sales or after 

foreclosure proceedings had been initiated. Some consumers seeking short sales reported that 

second-lien holders refuse to accept or subordinate in a short sale, whereas some consumers 

who do obtain a short sale have concerns about the loan account being incorrectly reported as a 

foreclosure. Consumers facing foreclosure have expressed confusion about fees assessed in 

connection with the foreclosure process. The fees often seem to represent a substantial barrier to 

a consumer’s ability to reinstate the loan and avoid foreclosure, as many servicers will not roll 

the fees into the loan balance. Consumers are then required to pay hundreds or thousands of 

dollars, in addition to the loan reinstatement amount, to avoid foreclosure, and the actual 

amount of fees the consumer must pay to reinstate the loan can be confusing. Foreclosure fees 

are sometimes listed as one line-item on a reinstatement quote, with no itemization provided 

unless the consumer specifically requests more information on what fees are being assessed. 

Finally, some consumers complain about dual tracking and express concern that the servicer is 

proceeding with foreclosure proceedings although their modification application is still under 

review. 

Other common types of mortgage complaints address issues related to making payments, 

including loan servicing, posting of payments, or management of escrow accounts. For example, 

consumers express concern over difficulties they experience when the servicing of their loan is 

transferred, including complaints about fees charged by the prior servicer, unexplained escrow 

deficiencies, issues with the new servicer accepting the previous servicer’s modification, and 

communication between the old and new servicer (especially when loss mitigation efforts are 

ongoing). Consumers also complain that the servicer has not made timely disbursements for tax 

payments or insurance premiums and in some instances has force-placed insurance on their 

account in error. In some cases, the untimely disbursement of tax payments has resulted in late 

fees and penalties being assessed to the consumer’s account. Additionally, successors in interest 
20 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

complain that they were not assigned a single point of contact and report general confusion 

about the documents required to obtain authorization to an account when the borrower is 

deceased. 

Consumer complaints about mortgage originations tend to involve the lengthy application and 

approval processes and unauthorized credit inquiries. Consumers also complained about 

delayed loan denials that occurred just before settlement but were based upon information that 

was disclosed early in the application process (e.g., bankruptcy, lack of employment history, 

etc.). They expressed frustration that fees were charged even though they believe the loan 

originator knew that the loan would not be approved. A number of complaints involved the 

lender’s refusal to honor rate-locks, and concerns that the terms of loans with variable interest 

rates were not clearly disclosed. 

3.4 Consumers’ credit reporting complaints12

Figure 9 and Table 3 show the types of credit reporting complaints, as reported by consumers 

for the approximately 44,800 credit reporting complaints received by the CFPB. 13 This includes 

approximately 29,900 (67%) about the three nationwide credit reporting agencies – Equifax, 

Experian, and TransUnion. 

 

12 Consumers can submit complaints about various types of consumer reporting agencies, including the three nationwide credit 

reporting agencies and specialty reporting agencies.

13 Consumer Response began handling credit reporting complaints on October 22, 2012.
21 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 9: TYPES OF CREDIT REPORTING COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

TABLE 3: TYPES OF CREDIT REPORTING COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of credit reporting complaints %

Incorrect information on credit report (Information is not mine, Account terms, 

Account status, Personal information, Public record, Reinserted previously deleted 

information)

77%

Credit reporting company’s investigation (Investigation took too long, Did not get 

proper notice of investigation status or results, Did not receive adequate help over 

the phone, Problem with statement of dispute)

8%

Unable to get my credit report or credit score (Problem getting free annual report, 

Problem getting report or credit score) 8%

Credit monitoring or identity protection services (Problem cancelling or closing 

account, Billing dispute, Receiving unwanted marketing or advertising, Account or

product terms and changes, Problem with fraud alerts)

5%

Improper use of my credit reporting (Report improperly shared by credit reporting 

company, Received marketing offers after opting out, Report provided to employer 

without written authorization)

3%

Total Credit Reporting Complaints 100%
22 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

This table illustrates that the most common type of credit reporting complaint continues to be 

about incorrect information appearing on the consumer’s credit report, such as information that 

does not belong to the consumer, incorrect account status, and incorrect personal information. 

Of the approximately 44,800 such complaints submitted by consumers, approximately 29,900 

(67%) were about the three nationwide credit reporting companies.

Among consumers’ complaints about incorrect information appearing on their credit report, the 

most common concerns were about incorrect account status and information that does not 

belong to the consumer. Some consumers report having to deal with the reappearance of 

incorrect account information on their credit reports, including inaccurate collection accounts, 

they had previously disputed and corrected. Other consumers express frustration with having to 

correct information that does not belong to them. Many accuracy complaints submitted by 

consumers reflect confusion concerning how public records, such as bankruptcies and liens, may 

be reported on a credit report.

Another common type of complaint is about issues with credit reporting companies’

investigations of information disputed by consumers. Consumers report that credit reporting

companies sometimes return findings on their disputes within only a few days, and consumers

question the depth and validity of such quick investigations. Additionally, consumers report

frustration when they have submitted documentation that they believe proves that the

information provided by the data furnisher was inaccurate, but no change is made to their credit 

report.

For more analysis of credit reporting complaints, see Credit Reporting Case Study, page 47.

3.5 Consumers’ bank account and service 

complaints

Figures 10 and 11 and Table 4 show the types of bank account and service complaints, such as 

complaints about checking and savings accounts, reported by consumers for the approximately 

21,300 complaints received by the CFPB in 2014.
23 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 10: TYPES OF BANK ACCOUNTS AND SERVICES CONSUMERS COMPLAIN ABOUT
24 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 11: TYPES OF BANK ACCOUNT AND SERVICE COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

TABLE 4: TYPES OF BANK ACCOUNT AND SERVICE COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of bank account and service complaints %

Account opening, closing, or management (Confusing marketing, denial, disclosure, 

fees, closure, interest, statements, joint accounts) 47%

Deposits and withdrawals (Availability of deposits, withdrawal problems and 

penalties, unauthorized transactions, check cashing, payroll deposit problems, lost 

or missing funds, transaction holds)

24%

Making or receiving payments, sending money to others (Problems with payments 

by check, card, phone or online, unauthorized or fraudulent transactions, 

money/wire transfers)

11%

Problems caused by my funds being low (Overdraft fees, late fees, bounced 

checks, credit reporting) 10%

Using a debit or ATM card (Disputed transaction, unauthorized card use, ATM or 

debit card fees, ATM problems) 8%

Total Bank Account and Service Complaints 100%

As the table illustrates, the most common type of bank account and service complaint relates to

opening, closing, or managing the account. These complaints address issues such as account

maintenance fees, legal processing fees for judgments and levies, changes in account terms,
25 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

confusing marketing, early withdrawal penalties for certificates of deposit, and involuntary

account closures. Other common complaints relate to deposit and withdrawal issues, such as

transaction holds, the company's right to offset deposit accounts, and unauthorized debit card

charges. In this area, many consumers are frustrated by companies’ handling of error disputes

and requests to stop payment on preauthorized electronic debits. Another common type of

complaint relates to problems caused by a consumer’s funds being low, including overdraft fees,

bounced checks, charged-off accounts, and negative reporting to credit reporting agencies. In

this area, many consumers are frustrated by the way some companies appear to manipulate the

order in which deposits and withdrawals are posted to consumers’ accounts to maximize

overdraft fees.

Consumers also complain about delays in the investigation of their dispute claims. In particular, 

they express concern that companies do not consider the information that consumers submit to 

support their claim or conduct sufficient research to assess the issues in dispute. Some 

consumers complain that they have difficulty obtaining authorization to access a decedent’s 

account even after presenting the company with the required documentation. Other consumers 

complain that they do not receive monthly billing statements on a regular basis.

3.6 Consumers’ credit card complaints

Table 5 shows the most common types of credit card complaints that the CFPB received in 2014

as reported by consumers. Seventy-four percent of the approximately 18,600 credit card 

complaints fell into these ten categories. 
26 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 5: MOST COMMON CREDIT CARD COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Most common credit card complaints %

Billing disputes 17%

Other 13%

Identity theft / Fraud / Embezzlement 11%

Closing / Cancelling account 6%

APR or interest rate 6%

Advertising and marketing 5%

Customer service / Customer relations 4%

Delinquent Account 4%

Late fee 4%

Transaction Issue 4%

Credit Card Complaints in Top 10 Types 74%

As the table illustrates, billing disputes are the most common type of credit card complaint.

Many consumers continue to be confused and frustrated by the process and by their limited 

ability to challenge inaccuracies on their monthly credit card billing statements. For example, 

some consumers realize only after their claim has been denied that they needed to notify their 

credit card companies within 60 days of any billing errors. In other cases, consumers are not 

aware that companies typically do not stop a merchant charge once the cardholder has 

authorized it, or do not override a merchant’s “no-return policy”. Other common types of credit 

card complaints relate to identity theft, fraud, or embezzlement; closing or cancelling an 

account; and annual percentage rates or interest rates.

3.7 Consumers’ consumer loan complaints

Figures 12 and 13 and Table 6 show the types of consumer loan complaints, such as complaints 

about installment loans, vehicle loans and leases, personal lines of credit, and pawn and title 
27 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

loans reported by consumers for the approximately 9,600 consumer loan complaints received by 

the CFPB in 2014.

14

FIGURE 12: TYPES OF CONSUMER LOANS CONSUMERS COMPLAIN ABOUT

 

14 The Bureau began handling complaints about pawn and title loans as part of the consumer loan complaint category on July 19, 

2014.
28 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 13: TYPES OF CONSUMER LOAN COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

TABLE 6: TYPES OF CONSUMER LOAN COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of consumer loan complaints %

Managing the loan, lease, or line of credit (Billing, late fees, damage or loss, 

insurance (GAP, credit, etc.), credit reporting, privacy) 41%

Problems when you are unable to pay (Debt collection, repossession, set-off from 

bank account, deficiency, bankruptcy, default) 22%

Taking out the loan or lease / Account terms and changes (Term changes (mid-deal 

changes, changes after closing, rates, fees, etc.), required add-on products, trade-in 

payoff, fraud)

21%

Shopping for a loan, lease, or line of credit (Sales tactics or pressure, credit denial, 

confusing advertising or marketing) 12%

Other 4%

Total Consumer Loan Complaints 100%

The table illustrates that the most common type of consumer loan complaint pertains to

managing the loan, lease, or line of credit. Other common types of complaints address problems
29 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

consumers have when they are unable to pay (including issues related to debt collection, 

bankruptcy, and default) and problems when taking out the loan or lease, such as term changes.

Consumers complain about “bait and switch” experiences where the lender offers a deal with 

very favorable terms to attract their interest in a product and then changes those terms right 

before the deal is consummated. Some consumers complain that such behavior is confusing and 

they often end up paying much more for a loan than they were initially told. Consumers also

complained about the transmission of funds drawn on their line of credit with respect to 

whether the funds were issued to them via check, as they requested, or direct deposited into an 

account held at the same institution. In the latter case, funds the consumer draws on a line of 

credit may be deposited in a joint account against the consumer’s wishes and be accessible by 

other accountholders. 

3.8 Consumers’ private student loan 

complaints

Figure 14 and Table 7 show the types of student loan complaints as reported by consumers for 

the approximately 6,800 student loan complaints received by the CFPB in 2014.

FIGURE 14: TYPES OF STUDENT LOAN COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS
30 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 7: TYPES OF STUDENT LOAN COMPLAINTS

Types of student loan complaints %

Can’t repay my loan (Fees, default, bankruptcy, billing, deferment, forbearance, 

fraud, credit reporting) 54%

Dealing with lender or servicer (Making payments, getting information about my 

loan, managing my account) 42%

Getting a loan (Confusing terms, rates, denial, confusing advertising or 

marketing, sales tactics or pressure, financial aid services, recruiting) 4%

Total Student Loan Complaints 100%

The most common type of student loan complaint addresses problems consumers confront 

when they are unable to pay, such as issues related to default, student debt collection, and 

bankruptcy. Consumers report that they continue to struggle with the limited affordable 

payment options permitted in their loan agreements. Specifically, some consumers say they are 

unable to refinance or restructure the repayment terms of their loan, either to lower monthly 

payments during periods of financial hardship, or to improve existing terms based upon the 

consumer’s improved credit profile and credit-worthiness. Some consumers also express 

confusion about the difference between their private loans and public loans, specifically when it 

comes to forbearance and deferment options.

Another common type of complaint relates to dealing with a lender or servicer and includes 

issues such as making payments, getting information about a loan, and managing an account. 

Consumers raised concerns about a range of servicing problems, including payment processing 

problems, challenges obtaining necessary documentation about their private student loans, 

difficulty obtaining accurate information about their loan status and repayment options, and 

obstacles to accessing basic account information.

3.9 Consumers’ payday loan complaints

Figures 15 and 16 and Table 8 show the types of payday loan complaints reported by consumers 

for the approximately 5,600 payday loan complaints the CFPB received in 2014. 
31 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 15: TYPES OF PAYDAY LOAN COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

FIGURE 16: TYPES OF PAYDAY LOANS CONSUMERS COMPLAIN ABOUT
32 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 8: TYPES OF PAYDAY LOAN COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS BY SOURCE OF LOAN

Types of payday loan complaints In person / 

at a store

Online Not 

stated Total

Charged fees or interest I did not expect 14% 72% 14% 34%

Cannot contact lender 15% 56% 29% 22%

Applied for a loan, but didn't receive money 6% 73% 21% 16%

Received a loan I did not apply for 5% 48% 46% 12%

Payment to account not credited 15% 68% 18% 7%

Can’t stop lender from charging my bank 

account

20% 72% 9% 6%

Lender charged my bank account on wrong 

day or for wrong amount 17% 73% 11% 3%

Of the 5,600 payday loan complaints submitted by consumers, approximately 65% were about 

problems consumers experienced after obtaining a payday loan online. Approximately 13% 

reported problems when obtaining a payday loan in person / at a store. For the remaining 

approximately 22% of complaints, the consumer did not indicate how the loan was obtained.

The most common type of payday loan or deposit advance (i.e., bank payday advance loan) 

complaint is about being charged unexpected fees or interest. Another common type of 

complaint involves problems with contacting the lender and issues with applying for the loan, 

but not receiving the money. Consumers also complain about receiving loans for which they did 

not apply.

The remaining complaints involve issues surrounding payments, such as the use of check 

holding and electronic debit authorization that hands control of the consumer’s bank account 

over to the lender. Consumers report that they are not aware that the payday contract can 

sometimes authorize the lender to withdraw the funds electronically in the event that the 

consumer stops payment on the first check. Additionally, consumers complain that payday 
33 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

lenders re-present a check several times, causing the consumer to incur nonsufficient funds fees

multiple times. 

Many consumers report that they were unaware that funds would be taken from the next direct 

deposit to pay the direct deposit advance they took. There is also confusion over the repayment 

date. Consumers with multiple advances and deposits often have difficulty managing a short 

repayment period and will roll-over the loan, inflating the cost (i.e., annual percentage rate) of 

the loan. Other common complaints include lack of clarity about repayment of the loan using 

automatic withdrawal features on a bank card, prepaid card, or by direct deposit and disputes 

with lenders about whether the loan had been paid off.

The cost and structure of a particular loan can make it difficult for consumers to repay. Many 

consumers voiced concerns about being unable to repay the loan while still having enough 

money left over for other expenses, the high cost of the loan, and aggressive debt collection 

practices in the case of delinquency or default.

Consumers also submit debt collection complaints to the Bureau that are related to payday 

loans. In addition to the 5,600 payday complaints handled during 2014, the CFPB has also 

handled 12,400 debt collection complaints related to a payday loan or loans. These paydayrelated debt collection complaints account for nearly 14% of all debt collection complaints 

handled by the CFPB.

3.10 Consumers’ money transfer complaints

Figures 17 and 18 and Table 9 show the types of money transfer complaints reported by 

consumers for the approximately 1,900 money transfer complaints the CFPB received in 2014.

15

 

15 The Bureau began handling complaints about virtual currency as part of the money transfer complaint category on August 11, 

2014.
34 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 17: TYPES OF MONEY TRANSFERS CONSUMERS COMPLAIN ABOUT

FIGURE 18: TYPES OF MONEY TRANSFER COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS
35 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 9: TYPES OF MONEY TRANSFER COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of money transfer complaints %

Fraud or scam 41%

Other transaction issues (Unauthorized transaction, cancellation, refund, etc.) 23%

Money was not available when promised 17%

Other service issues 10%

Wrong amount charged or received 5%

Incorrect or missing disclosures or info 4%

Total Money Transfer Complaints 100%

This table illustrates that the most common type of money transfer complaint is about fraud or 

scams. In these cases, the consumer is prompted to send funds as a result of a scam, and 

someone other than the consumer’s intended recipient ultimately receives the funds. For 

example, consumers often complain that they were prompted to transfer funds in response to a 

request for help from a family member or friend, for the purchase of goods or services, the rental 

of an apartment, a loan, a job opportunity, or to pay taxes on lottery earnings. In response to 

such complaints, companies claim no liability when someone other than the intended recipient 

receives the funds, as long as the company complied with its policies and procedures and the 

minimum identification requirements were satisfied by the recipient. Another common type of 

complaint involves other transaction issues, such as the refusal to cancel transactions or honor 

refunds the consumer believes the company should provide them.
36 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

3.11 Consumers’ prepaid card complaints

Figure 19 and Table 10 show the types of prepaid card complaints reported by consumers for the 

approximately 800 prepaid card complaints the CFPB received in 2014.

16

FIGURE 19: TYPES OF PREPAID CARD COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

 

16 CFPB began accepting complaints about prepaid cards on July 19, 2014.
37 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 10: TYPES OF PREPAID CARD COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of prepaid card complaints %

Managing, opening, or closing your account 29%

Unauthorized transactions or other transaction issues 28%

Fraud or scam 26%

Fees 8%

Adding money 4%

Advertising, marketing, or disclosures 3%

Overdraft, savings or rewards features 2%

Total Prepaid Card Complaints 100%

The most common type of prepaid card complaint involved managing, opening, or closing a 

prepaid card account. Another type of complaint was about unauthorized transactions or other 

transaction issues. Consumers also commonly complain about frauds and scams in relation to 

prepaid cards. Some consumers are frustrated that they are charged an inquiry fee when they 

call to obtain the balance on the card. Many consumers appear to be confused about the 

application of various fees related to the maintenance of the account, including fees that are 

assessed when funds are deposited on the card or withdrawn from the card. Consumers also 

complained that they did not know that prepaid cards expire and that they have experienced 

differences in error resolution procedures among issuers. The remaining complaints involved 

issues with adding money to a reloadable prepaid card, dealing with misleading advertising or 

marketing, or not being properly compensated on rewards. 
38 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

3.12 Other financial services complaints

Figures 20 and 21 and Table 11 show the types of other financial services complaints reported by

consumers for the approximately 600 other financial services complaints the CFPB received in 

2014.

17

FIGURE 20: TYPES OF OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES CONSUMERS COMPLAINED ABOUT

 

17 CFPB began accepting complaints about check cashing, credit repair, debt settlement, foreign currency exchange, money orders, 

refund anticipation checks, and travelers’ and cashiers’ checks on July 19, 2014.
39 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 21: TYPES OF OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

TABLE 11: TYPES OF OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS

Types of other financial services complaints %

Fraud or scam 45%

Customer service/Customer relations 22%

Advertising and marketing 8%

Unexpected/Other Fees 7%

Excessive Fees 7%

Disclosures 5%

Lost or stolen check 2%

Other 3%

Total Other Financial Services 100%

Of the 600 other financial services complaints submitted by consumers, approximately 45% 

dealt with fraud or scams. Approximately 22% of complaints were about customer service

issues, while approximately 8% of complaints dealt with advertising and marketing issues. The 

remaining complaints for other financial services involved issues with unexpected and excessive 

fees, disclosures, and lost or stolen checks. 
40 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

3.13 How companies respond to consumer 

complaints

Approximately 156,600 (or 62%) of all complaints received between January 1, 2014 and 

December 31, 2014 were sent by Consumer Response to companies for review and response.18

Table 12 shows how companies responded to these complaints during this time period.

Company responses include descriptions of steps taken or that will be taken, communications

received from the consumer, any follow-up actions or planned follow-up actions, and a

categorization of the response. Response category options include “Closed with monetary relief,”

“Closed with non-monetary relief,” “Closed with explanation,” “Closed,” “In progress,” and other

administrative options. “Monetary relief” is defined as objective, measurable, and verifiable

monetary relief to the consumer as a direct result of the steps taken or that will be taken in 

response to the complaint. “Closed with non-monetary relief” indicates that the steps taken by 

the company in response to the complaint did not result in monetary relief to the consumer that 

is objective, measurable, and verifiable, but may have addressed some or all of the consumer’s 

complaint involving non-monetary requests. “Non-monetary relief” is defined as other objective 

and verifiable relief to the consumer as a direct result of the steps taken or that will be taken in 

response to the complaint. “Closed with explanation” indicates that the steps taken by the 

company in response to the complaint included an explanation that was tailored to the 

individual consumer’s complaint. For example, this category would be used if the explanation 

substantively meets the consumer’s desired resolution or explains why no further action will be 

taken. “Closed” indicates that the company closed the complaint without relief – monetary or 

non-monetary – or explanation. Consumers are given the option to review and provide feedback 

about company closure responses.

Companies have responded to approximately 94% of complaints19 sent to them and report 

having closed 90% of the complaints sent to them. Table 12 shows how companies have 

responded.

 

18 The remaining complaints have been referred to other regulatory agencies (25%), found to be incomplete (10%), or are pending 

with the consumer or the CFPB (1% and 2%, respectively).

19 Companies have responded to approximately 147,100 of the 156,600 sent to them for response.
41 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 12: HOW COMPANIES HAVE RESPONDED TO CONSUMER COMPLAINTS

Closed 

with 

monetary 

relief

Closed 

with nonmonetary 

relief

Closed 

with 

explanation

Closed 

(without 

relief or 

explanation)

Administrative 

response

Company 

reviewing

Company 

did not 

provide a 

timely 

response

Debt 

collection

2% 16% 66% 4% 1% 3% 9%

Mortgage

2% 3% 81% 2% 4% 4% 3%

Credit 

reporting

1% 32% 61% 0% 1% 4% 0%

Bank 

account 

or service

20% 5% 66% 3% 1% 3% 1%

Credit 

card

21% 10% 60% 0% 2% 3% 3%

Consumer 

loan

7% 8% 75% 1% 1% 4% 4%

Student 

loans

6% 8% 76% 0% 1% 4% 4%

Money 

transfers

11% 3% 76% 1% 2% 5% 2%

Payday 

loan

3% 5% 70% 2% 5% 3% 12%

Other 

financial 

services

9% 4% 69% 1% 3% 8% 7%

Prepaid

29% 4% 54% 1% 2% 7% 4%

All

6% 13% 70% 2% 2% 4% 4%
42 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 13: UNTIMELY COMPANY RESPONSES AS A PERCENTAGE OF COMPLAINTS SENT TO COMPANY

Closed 

with 

monetary 

relief

Closed 

with nonmonetary 

relief

Closed with 

explanation

Closed 

(without 

relief or 

explanation)

Administrative

response

Company 

reviewing

No 

response 

Debt 

collection

1% 10% 66% 7% 2% 0% 14%

Mortgage

1% 2% 77% 4% 11% 0% 5%

Credit 

reporting

2% 13% 73% 0% 5% 4% 3%

Bank 

account or 

service

10% 2% 71% 5% 8% 0% 4%

Credit 

card

23% 7% 68% 1% 1% 0% 1%

Consumer 

loan

7% 3% 73% 3% 4% 1% 9%

Student 

loans

1% 3% 90% 2% 1% 2% 1%

Money 

transfers

22% 0% 63% 0% 7% 0% 7%

Payday 

loan

4% 2% 47% 5% 14% 0% 28%

Other 

financial 

services

17% 0% 58% 0% 0% 0% 25%

Prepaid

19% 0% 81% 0% 0% 0% 0%

All

3% 7% 69% 5% 5% 0% 10%

Companies sometimes report providing an amount of monetary relief, where applicable. As of 

December 31, 2014, companies report providing relief in response to more than 9,050 

complaints. For companies which have reported monetary relief, the median amount of relief 

reported was $148; however, the amount varies by product, ranging from a median of $475 in 

relief for mortgage complaints to $24 in relief for credit reporting complaints.
43 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 14: MONETARY RELIEF REPORTED BY COMPANIES

Product Number of complaints Median amount

Debt collection 670 $363

Mortgage 1,000 $475

Credit reporting 200 $24

Bank account and service 3,060 $105

Credit card 3,140 $121

Private student loan 270 $200

Payday 70 $319

Consumer loan 400 $253

Money transfer 130 $97

Prepaid card 100 $200

Other financial services 10 $2,298

Overall 9,050 $148

Companies sometimes report providing non-monetary relief in response to complaints, such as: 

 providing mortgage foreclosure alternatives that do not have direct monetary value to 

the consumer, but that help them to keep their home; 

 stopping harassment from debt collectors;

 cleaning up consumers’ credit reports by correcting submissions to credit bureaus; 

restoring or removing a credit line;

 correcting account information, including in credit reports; and 

 addressing formerly unmet customer service issues. 
44 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

3.14 Consumers’ feedback about companies’ 

responses

Once the company responds, the CFPB provides the company’s response to the consumer for 

review. Where the company responds “Closed with monetary relief,” “Closed with non-monetary 

relief,” “Closed with explanation,” or “Closed,” consumers are given the option to provide 

feedback on the company’s response. Figure 22 shows how consumers responded to the 

approximately 141,200 complaints where they were given the option to provide feedback. 

Approximately 19% of consumers disputed the response provided by the company while 

approximately 66% did not dispute the response during the feedback period. The rest were 

pending with consumers at the end of December 31, 2014.

FIGURE 22: CONSUMER FEEDBACK ABOUT COMPANY RESPONSES
45 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

3.15 Consumer Response investigation and 

analysis

After requesting that companies respond to complaints sent to them for response and giving 

consumers the opportunity to review and provide feedback on company responses, Consumer 

Response prioritizes complaints for investigation based on a review of the complaint, the 

company’s response, and the consumer feedback. Consumer Response seeks to determine why a 

company failed to provide a timely response (if applicable) and whether the consumer’s 

feedback of the company’s response (if applicable) justifies additional review of the company’s 

minimum required actions under the consumer financial protection laws within the CFPB’s 

authority. In the course of an investigation, Consumer Response may ask companies and 

consumers for additional information. In some cases, Consumer Response has referred 

complaints to colleagues in the CFPB’s Division of Supervision, Enforcement, and Fair Lending 

& Equal Opportunity for further consideration. 
46 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

4. Conclusion

Listening to consumers and reviewing and analyzing their complaints is an integral part of the 

CFPB’s work in understanding issues in the financial marketplace, and helping the market work 

better for consumers. The information shared by consumers and companies throughout the 

complaint process informs the Bureau about business practices that may pose risks to 

consumers and helps the Bureau in its work to supervise companies, enforce Federal consumer 

financial laws, and write better rules and regulations.
47 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

Credit reporting case 

study

Consumer Response Annual Report | January 1 – December 31, 2014
48 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

5. Consumers’ credit reporting 

complaints20

Over the past year, the CFPB has handled thousands of credit reporting complaints. The 

majority of these consumers continue to express concerns with the accuracy of their credit 

reports and the ability of the three nationwide credit reporting companies to correct perceived 

errors. Although consumers complain about accuracy problems involving a variety of financial 

products, from mortgages to student loans to collections, credit reporting complaints are unique 

because they shed light on problems consumers experience related to multiple financial 

products over the consumer’s entire credit history. Because of this complexity, credit reporting 

complaints reflect the many different ways in which incorrect information on a credit report can 

negatively impact consumers. 

5.1 Complaint volume and issues 

Credit reporting complaint volume increased from approximately 24,200 complaints in 2013 to 

44,700 in 2014 — an 85% increase. 

 

20 Consumers can submit complaints about various types of consumer reporting agencies, including the three nationwide credit 

reporting agencies and specialty reporting agencies. This section of the Annual Report satisfies the requirement of Fair Credit 

Reporting Act (FCRA) section 611(e), 15 U.S.C. § 1681i(e), that the Bureau submit an annual report to Congress about the 

information gathered about nationwide credit reporting agencies’ responses to credit reporting completeness and accuracy 

complaints. A list of credit reporting agencies may be found here: http://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201501_cfpb_listconsumer-reporting-agencies.pdf
49 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 23: MONTHLY CREDIT REPORTING COMPLAINT VOLUME 2013 AND 2014

A number of factors may have contributed to the growth in complaint volume between 2013 and 

2014, including increased consumer access and awareness about credit reporting issues, the 

availability of the Consumer Complaint Database, and changes in consumer complaint handling 

by credit reporting agencies. 

For example, the Bureau’s website provides information about how to obtain a free credit report 

through AnnualCreditReport.com. In December 2013, AnnualCreditReport.com began 

providing information about how to submit complaints to the CFPB. Additionally, a growing 

number of financial institutions have begun providing free access to credit scores and reports. 

This increased access contributes to consumer awareness of credit reporting generally and 

specific errors that may exist on consumers’ credit reports, prompting consumers to take action 

to correct their credit reports. A number of corporate data breaches may also have contributed 

to increased awareness of credit reports, as credit monitoring is sometimes provided to affected 

consumers as a form of relief. 

When submitting credit reporting complaints to the Bureau, consumers can select from 5 

general issues and 21 corresponding sub-issues. Despite the 85% increase in total complaints in 

2014, the distribution of issues chosen by consumers has remained relatively consistent as 

shown in Table 15 below. As in the previous year, the majority of consumers’ complaints involve 
50 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

incorrect information on their credit report. Despite this consistency, it is worth noting that 

complaints about the credit reporting agencies’ investigations of disputes declined relative to 

other issues.21

TABLE 15: TYPES OF CREDIT REPORTING COMPLAINTS REPORTED BY CONSUMERS, 2013 AND 2014

 

21 While the data do not show this definitively, it is possible that enhancements to E-OSCAR (the Online Solution for Complete and 

Accurate Reporting)—an online dispute handling system developed and utilized by Equifax, Experian, Innovis and TransUnion—

contributed to this change. Specifically, E-OSCAR now allows for documents submitted by consumers to be forwarded to data 

furnishers along with the dispute codes that were previously forwarded.

Types and sub-types

2013

Percent of Total

2014

Percent of Total

Percent of Total 

Change

Incorrect information on 

credit report 72.6% 77.1% 4.5%

Account status 36.6% 39.0% 2.4%

Information is not mine 19.2% 21.1% 1.9%

Account terms 6.7% 6.7% <0.1%

Public record 4.3% 4.5% 0.1%

Personal information 3.4% 3.6% 0.2%

Reinserted previously 

deleted info

2.2% 2.1% -0.2%

Credit reporting company’s 

investigation 11.0% 7.7% -3.2%

Problem with statement of 

dispute

4.4% 3.3% -1.1%

No notice of investigation 

status/result

4.4% 2.8% -1.7%

Investigation took too long 1.2% 0.8% -0.4%

Inadequate help over the 

phone

0.9% 0.9% <0.1%

Unable to get credit 

report/credit score 9.0% 7.8% -1.2%
51 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

In 2014, nearly all complaint issues experienced a year over year increase compared with 2013. 

Although the overall distribution of complaints was similar between 2013 and 2014, complaints 

about “Credit monitoring or identity protection”22 and complaints about “Incorrect information 

on credit report” had larger increases in 2014 than others, as shown in Figure 24 below. The 

largest increase for complaints involving credit monitoring or identity protection was seen in the 

 

22

 Given the relatively small volume of complaints for this issue, we cannot determine to what extent this large increase is driven by 

market factors. As mentioned above, credit monitoring products are sometimes provided as a form of relief in class action 

settlements over corporate data breaches, which may provide a partial explanation. 

Problem getting my free 

annual report 5.3% 4.9% -0.4%

Problem getting report or 

credit score 3.7% 2.9% -0.8%

Credit monitoring or identity 

protection 3.4% 4.6% 1.2%

Problem with fraud alerts 1.5% 1.4% -0.1%

Account terms and changes 0.5% 1.9% 1.4%

Billing dispute 0.7% 0.7% <0.1%

Problem cancelling or 

closing account 0.5% 0.4% -0.1%

Receiving unwanted 

marketing/advertising 0.2% 0.3% 0.1%

Insurance terms <0.1% <0.1% <0.1%

Improper use of my credit 

report

4.1% 2.8% -1.3%

Report improperly shared by 

Credit Reporting Agency 3.6% 2.6% -1.1%

Report shared with 

employer w/o consent 0.2% 0.1% -0.1%

Received marketing offer 

after opted out 0.2% 0.1% -0.1%

Total 100% 100% 100%
52 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

account terms and changes sub-issue. For complaints about incorrect information, the 

complaints remained distributed relatively consistently between the various available sub-issues 

from 2013 to 2014. 

FIGURE 24: 2013 AND 2014 COMPLAINT VOLUME BY ISSUE 

5.2 Market distribution of complaints

Figure 25 below groups the consumer reporting complaints routed to companies into three 

subgroups: nationwide credit reporting agencies, data furnishers (i.e., companies that provide 

information to credit reporting agencies), and other credit reporting agencies.23 As in previous 

years, the nationwide credit reporting agencies (i.e., Equifax, Experian, and Transunion) 

received the majority (96%) of credit reporting complaints that were sent to companies. For 

complaints sent to data furnishers, the numbers below reflect only the total number of consumer 

complaints related to credit reporting. A number of other complaints where the consumer 

 

23 The Bureau also received and routes a small number of complaints to companies that do not fit these descriptions.
53 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

selected a product other than credit reporting (such as bank accounts) also involve credit 

reporting issues.

FIGURE 25: COMPLAINTS SENT TO COMPANIES BY COMPANY SUBGROUP24

Table 16 below shows the annual volume of credit reporting issues at the three nationwide credit 

reporting agencies by issue and sub-issue. The volume break down for both issues and subissues is generally similar for most issues. However, some differences are apparent. Consumers 

who submit complaints about Equifax are 54% more likely to select “Unable to get credit 

report/credit score” as their primary issue as compared with Experian.25 Also, consumers who 

submit complaints about Experian are 45% more likely to select complaints about “Did receive a 

notice of investigation results” than Equifax.26

 

24 Other credit reporting agencies (CRA) refers to credit reporting agencies, generally. Nationwide credit reporting agencies (NCRA) 

refers specifically to Experian, Equifax, and Transunion.

25 12.7% and 8.2%, respectively. 

26 4.5% and 3.5%, respectively.
54 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

TABLE 16: COMPLAINTS BY CREDIT REPORTING AGENCY AND ISSUE

Types of credit reporting 

complaints Equifax Experian Transunion

Nationwide 

credit 

reporting 

agency 

total

Incorrect information on 

credit report 71.1% 74.1% 77.9% 74.2%

Account status 31.6% 34.4% 36.2% 33.9%

Information is not mine 20.5% 20.4% 21.5% 20.8%

Account terms 6.9% 7.2% 7.9% 7.3%

Public record 5.7% 5.1% 5.4% 5.4%

Personal information 3.6% 4.7% 4.4% 4.3%

Reinserted previously 

deleted info

2.8% 2.3% 2.5% 2.5%

Credit reporting 

company’s investigation 10.4% 10.9% 8.6% 10.1%

Problem with statement 

of dispute 5.0% 4.2% 3.7% 4.4%

No notice of investigation 

status/result 3.1% 4.5% 2.7% 3.5%

Inadequate help over the 

phone 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1%

Investigation took too 

long 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1%

Unable to get credit 

report/credit score 12.6% 8.2% 7.3% 9.5%

Problem getting my free 

annual report 8.5% 5.0% 4.4% 6.0%

Problem getting report or 

credit score 4.2% 3.2% 2.9% 3.4%

Credit monitoring or 

identity protection 3.3% 4.0% 3.2% 3.5%

Problem with fraud alerts 1.6% 1.3% 1.2% 1.4%
55 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

5.3 NCRA responses to complaints

After submitting a complaint to the Bureau, consumers are given the option to provide feedback 

about the company’s response. Consumers generally dispute the responses they receive from 

companies in about 1 in 5 complaints.27 For both Experian and Transunion, dispute rates are 

lower than the average for other credit reporting companies and for all companies across all 

products. By contrast, the rate at which consumers dispute responses from Equifax is similar to 

the dispute rate for all other products.

 

27 In 2014 the average for all products including credit reporting was 20%. 

Account terms and 

changes

0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.9%

Billing dispute 0.4% 1.0% 0.6% 0.7%

Problem cancelling or 

closing account 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4%

Receiving unwanted 

marketing/advertising 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2%

Insurance terms <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1%

Improper use of my credit 

report

2.5% 2.9% 3.0% 2.8%

Report improperly shared 

by Credit Reporting 

Agency

2.4% 2.6% 2.9% 2.6%

Report shared with 

employer w/o consent <0.1% 0.2% <0.1% 0.1%

Received marketing offer 

after opted out <0.1% 0.1% <0.1% <0.1%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100%
56 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 26: PERCENT OF DISPUTED CREDIT REPORTING COMPLAINTS

As noted in Figure 27, nationwide credit reporting agencies report that they provide relief at a 

higher rate than other companies. 28 Thirty-four percent of credit reporting complaints are 

closed with relief compared to 16% for all other products. One reason that relief rates for 

consumers may be higher for credit reporting complaints than for other complaints is that 

nationwide credit reporting agencies frequently provide free copies of consumers’ credit reports 

in response to consumer complaints. A free copy of the consumer’s credit report is considered a 

form of non-monetary relief. This is also reflected in the distribution of relief between issues in 

credit reporting. Consumers who complain about access to their credit report receive relief at a 

higher rate (55%) than consumers who complain about other credit reporting issues (32%). 

Despite the higher rates of overall relief for consumer credit reporting complaints, this relief is 

unequally distributed between the three nationwide credit reporting agencies, with Experian 

providing relief to consumers at a higher rate than either Transunion or Equifax. 

 

28 Companies can report the closure of complaints with a variety of closure statuses. Two statuses indicate that a consumer was 

provided relief: “closed with monetary relief” and “closed with non-monetary relief.” The figures below combine both sorts of relief 

into one more general category. For credit reporting the vast majority of relief provided is in the form of non-monetary relief. 
57 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 27: PERCENTAGE OF RELIEF FOR CREDIT REPORTING COMPLAINTS
58 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

As shown in Figure 28 below, differences in relief rates reported by nationwide credit reporting 

agencies are consistent across all issues. 

FIGURE 28: PERCENTAGE OF RELIEF BY NATIONWIDE CREDIT REPORTING AGENCY AND ISSUE 
59 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

When submitting a credit reporting complaint, consumers are asked whether they have 

previously filed a dispute against the credit reporting agency and received a final resolution.29 In 

2014, across all credit reporting issues, nearly 41% of consumers report having previously 

contacted the company to address their issue. As Figure 29 below demonstrates, companies 

report having provided relief at about the same rate both for consumers who previously 

attempted to resolve the issue and those that did not. 

 

29 Although the term “dispute” has a specific meaning within the context of the FCRA, consumers appear to be generally using this 

field when they have previously contacted the credit reporting agency in an attempt to resolve an issue about which they are 

submitting a complaint. 
60 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

FIGURE 29: COMPANY REPORTED RELIEF BY PREVIOUS CONSUMER CONTACT WITH THE COMPANY BY 

ISSUE

5.4 Investigator Observations

Consumer credit reporting complaints often involve problems with the accuracy of credit 

reports. In these complaints, consumers express concern about various inaccuracies and delays 

in correcting information on credit reports.
61 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

For example, a large number of consumer complaints concern the accuracy of public records, 

such as bankruptcies, judgments30, and tax liens. Consumers frequently complain that public 

records contained on their credit reports are not updated in a timely manner or do not 

accurately reflect the current status of the public record. These consumers also emphasize the 

difficulties that they experience when attempting to remedy errors. For example, some 

consumers report that they personally provided the credit reporting agency with documentation 

of inaccurate public records on their credit report only to have the contested public record 

verified as accurate by the nationwide credit ratings agency’s public records vendor. This results 

in delays in correcting inaccuracies on the credit report. Some consumers report that contested 

public records were corrected only after submitting a complaint to the Bureau. 

Different consumer financial marketplaces with different origination, servicing, and collection 

models result in a diversity of problems for consumers. For example, the Bureau receives a 

significant number of complaints about the inaccurate reporting of student loans. In many of

these cases, consumers report that after their loans were transferred from one servicer to the 

other, the original loans were still reported as open, conveying the impression that consumers 

have more student loans than they actually do. Consumers also report loans as being forgiven, 

but not reported as closed. Some consumers report that the balance or terms of the student loan 

on their accounts were incorrect, or that consolidated loans were reported incorrectly as 

multiple individual loans. Consumers report that their credit scores dropped significantly when 

one missed payment resulted in several delinquencies being reported. Other consumers 

complain that loan servicers disbursed payments incorrectly. For example, servicers applied an 

on-time payment to some, but not all of the loans, resulting in collection attempts and negative 

reporting. Additionally co-signers frequently state that they did not receive notice that negative 

information would be reported on their account as a result of the primary borrower's failure to 

keep up with payments.

Beyond complaints involving the accuracy of the information in the credit report, another 

common type of credit reporting complaint is about the difficulty consumers have in accessing 

their credit reports. Consumers frequently report that the questions used by the three 

nationwide credit reporting agencies to authenticate their identity prevented them from 

accessing their report. Consumers indicate that the questions required to be answered in order 

 

30 It is worth noting that a large proportion of judgments involve debt collection lawsuits. 
62 CONSUMER RESPONSE ANNUAL REPORT (JANUARY 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2014)

to obtain the report do not apply to them, that they cannot recall the answer to the questions 

because the information is old, or that they answered the questions correctly but failed to gain 

access to their credit report.

Other common types of credit reporting complaints address issues related to the three 

nationwide credit reporting agencies' investigations of consumer disputes. Consumers who 

submitted documentation that they state proves the information provided by the furnisher of 

information was inaccurate complain that the three nationwide credit reporting agencies 

refused to make corrections to their credit reports. Additionally, consumers complain that 

reporting agencies would not provide consumers with the source of the incorrect information, 

preventing them from contacting the furnisher of the erroneous information and correcting the 

error. Consumers also complain that the three nationwide credit reporting agencies would not 

block information in their credit reports even when they have submitted an Identity Theft 

Affidavit. Instead, they conducted an unnecessary reinvestigation of the consumer's dispute, an 

action that may result in the disputed information remaining on the consumer's report for an 

additional period of time and expose that consumer to greater harm.

The CFPB continues to help consumers bring their concerns to the attention of companies, and

through their complaints, consumers continue to inform the Bureau about credit reporting 

practices that may harm consumers.