I 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1866 

To establish and support a quantum network infrastructure research and 

development program at the Department of Energy, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 11, 2021 

Mr. ZELDIN (for himself, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. GONZALEZ of Ohio, Mr. 

WALTZ, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. GIMENEZ, Mrs. KIM of California, Mr. VALADAO, and Mr. POSEY) introduced the following bill; 

which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 

A BILL 

To establish and support a quantum network infrastructure 

research and development program at the Department 

of Energy, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Quantum Network In5 frastructure Act of 2021’’. 

6 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

7 Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

8 U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 


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1 (1) by redesignating paragraph (7) as para2 graph (8); and 

3 (2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the fol4 lowing: 

5 ‘‘(7) QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE.— 

6 The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means 

7 any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary 

8 to enable the development and deployment of scal9 able and diverse quantum network technologies.’’. 

10 SEC. 3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK IN11 FRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP12 MENT PROGRAM. 

13 Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 

14 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 

15 the following: 

16 ‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK 

17 INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP18 MENT PROGRAM. 

19 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re20 ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out 

21 a research, development, and demonstration program to 

22 accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure 

23 in order to— 


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1 ‘‘(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed 

2 quantum computing systems through the internet 

3 and intranet; 

4 ‘‘(2) improve the precision of measurements of 

5 scientific phenomena and physical imaging tech6 nologies; and 

7 ‘‘(3) develop secure national quantum commu8 nications technologies and strategies. 

9 ‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the 

10 Secretary shall— 

11 ‘‘(1) coordinate with— 

12 ‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 

13 Foundation; 

14 ‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 

15 of Standards and Technology; 

16 ‘‘(C) the Chair of the subcommittee on 

17 Quantum Information Science of the National 

18 Science and Technology Council established 

19 under section 103(a); and 

20 ‘‘(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the 

21 Economic and Security Implications of Quan22 tum Science; 

23 ‘‘(2) conduct cooperative research with indus24 try, National Laboratories, institutions of higher 

25 education, and other research institutions to faciliVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866

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1 tate new quantum infrastructure methods and tech2 nologies, including— 

3 ‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low 

4 loss optical channels, space-to-ground connec5 tions, and classical networking and cybersecu6 rity protocols; 

7 ‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled 

8 state sources and transmission, control, and 

9 measurement of quantum states; 

10 ‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow 

11 short range local connections between quantum 

12 processors; 

13 ‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and 

14 signals between optical and telecommunications 

15 regimes and quantum computer-relevant do16 mains, including microwaves; 

17 ‘‘(E) development of quantum memory 

18 buffers and small-scale quantum computers 

19 that are compatible with photon-based quantum 

20 bits in the optical or telecommunications wave21 lengths; 

22 ‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution 

23 at both the terrestrial and space-based level 

24 using quantum repeaters, allowing entangleVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866

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1 ment-based protocols between small- and large2 scale quantum processors; 

3 ‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, re4 peaters, and related technologies necessary to 

5 create secure long-distance quantum commu6 nication; and 

7 ‘‘(H) integration of systems across the 

8 quantum technology stack into traditional com9 puting networks, including the development of 

10 remote controlled, high performance, and reli11 able implementations of key quantum network 

12 components; 

13 ‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic De14 velopment Consortium (QED–C) to transition com15 ponent technologies to help facilitate as appropriate 

16 the development of a quantum supply chain for 

17 quantum network technologies; 

18 ‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced sci19 entific computing and material science to enhance 

20 the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of 

21 materials and processes relevant to quantum net22 work infrastructure; 

23 ‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds 

24 necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental re25 search and development activities with diverse stakeVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:29 Jun 26, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1866.IH H1866

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1 holders from industry and institutions of higher edu2 cation; and 

3 ‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure 

4 applications that span the Department of Energy’s 

5 missions in energy, environment, and national secu6 rity. 

7 ‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 

8 Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and ex9 pertise across the Department of Energy and from— 

10 ‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 

11 Technology; 

12 ‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 

13 ‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad14 ministration; 

15 ‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 

16 ‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 

17 ‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 

18 ‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 

19 ‘‘(8) the National Quantum Information 

20 Science Research Centers. 

21 ‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 

22 after the date of the enactment of the Quantum Network 

23 Infrastructure Act of 2021, the Secretary shall submit to 

24 the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 

25 House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 


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1 and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research 

2 plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs re3 lating to quantum network infrastructure. 

4 ‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall 

5 review activities carried out under this section to deter6 mine the achievement of technical milestones. 

7 ‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Funds authorized to be appro8 priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 

9 there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 

10 the activities under this section, $100,000,000 for each 

11 of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’. 

Æ 


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