* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law

of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation

of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms

and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

Filed 7/2/96

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

KENNETH JOHN BARRY,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

WILLIAM WILSON, RICHARD MILLS,

EDWARD PAKENHAM, ROBERT

MALOUFF, CAPTAIN BROWN, LT.

MILLER, BENT COUNTY

CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, and all

unknown security personnel or agents,

employees under the supervision of the

above-named persons,

Defendants-Appellees,

MARY TOON and CITY OF LAS

ANIMAS,

Defendants.

No. 95-1419

(D.C. No. 94-B-1129)

(D. Colo.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before EBEL, BARRETT, and HENRY, Circuit Judges.
2

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal.

See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted

without oral argument.

Petitioner Kenneth John Barry appeals the district court’s grant of defendants’ motion

for summary judgment. Barry, a state prisoner and pro se litigant, brought this action under

42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging, as pertinent here, that the defendants, all correctional facility

personnel, violated his constitutional rights by denying him effective access to the courts and

exposing him to “second-hand” environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).

We review the grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same legal standard

used by the district court pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Summary judgment is

“appropriate if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file,

together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact

and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.”

Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

Access to the Courts.

On January 26, 1994, the prison law librarian refused to let Barry make free

photocopies because his prison inmate account was $68.00 in debt. When Barry argued with

the librarian about this decision, the librarian ordered him out of the library. Prison security
3

guards were needed to remove Barry from the library because he refused to follow the

librarian’s order to leave. 

A disciplinary charge was issued against Barry for his verbal confrontation with the

librarian and his refusal to leave the library. The disciplinary hearing was held five days after

the library confrontation. Barry was found guilty of refusing to follow an order and was

immediately transferred to a different correctional facility. Barry contends that during the

five days pending his disciplinary hearing, he requested prison officials to allow him access

to the library and requested paper, pencils and envelopes, but did not receive a reply. This

five-day deprivation to legal materials is the basis of Barry’s claim he was denied access to

the courts.

Meaningful access to the courts includes access to legal books and materials. Bounds

v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 828 (1977); Green v. Johnson, 977 F.2d 1383, 1389 (10th Cir.

1992). The Supreme Court has also recognized that prison officials have a duty to provide

indigent inmates with “paper and pen to draft legal documents.” Bounds, 430 U.S. at 824.

As a general rule, “[a] prisoner’s constitutional right to access to legal resources is not

conditioned on a showing of need.” Ruark v. Solano, 928 F.2d 947, 950 (10th Cir. 1991).

“Nevertheless, we have indicated that the length of incarceration without access to legal

materials may affect[ ] whether a prisoner’s rights were violated.” Beville v. Ednie, 74 F.3d

210, 213 (10th Cir. 1996). In Housley v. Dodson, 41 F.3d 597, 599 (10th Cir. 1994), we

recognized that “there may be cases where a prisoner is denied access for such a short time
4

that prejudice would have to be shown.” Recently, we held where a prisoner’s access to a

law library and alternative legal resources was denied for eighteen days, his right to access

to the courts was not violated because the denial “was so short and he was not prejudiced by

the denial of legal resources.” Beville, 74 F.3d at 213.

Barry presented no evidence that the five-day denial or delay of access to legal

materials prejudiced him in pursuing any litigation. Barry alleged he was denied access to

the library while he was working on a response to a supplemental Martinez report in a

pending civil action he had brought. R., Tab 3 at 4; Tab 73, Ex. A at 51 and Ex. B.

However, Barry did not allege that he suffered any prejudice in that litigation, and defendants

presented evidence, uncontroverted by Barry, that Barry timely filed this pleading several

months after the five-day period he was denied access to the library. R., Tab 73, Ex. A at 6

and Ex. B at 1, 5. Barry does not allege any other prejudice or delay. Further, the record is

clear that Barry was denied access to the library because of his confrontation with the prison

librarian and his refusal to leave the library, not, as he asserts in his opening brief, because

he was indigent. R., Tab 3 at 4; Tab 22 at Ex. A.1; see Harrell v. Keohane, 621 F.2d 1059,

1061 (10th Cir. 1980)(holding that the constitutional concept of an inmate’s right of access

to the courts does not require prison officials to provide an inmate with free or unlimited

access to a photocopying machine). Thus, we hold that Barry’s right to access to the courts

was not violated. Beville, 74 F.3d at 213.

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke.
5

A prisoner may establish a claim under the Eighth Amendment by alleging that prison

officials “have, with deliberate indifference, exposed him to levels of ETS that pose an

unreasonable risk of serious damage to his future health.” Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S.

25, 35 (1993). “Deliberate indifference” requires a showing that the prison official knew of

and disregarded an excessive risk to inmate health and safety. Farmer v. Brennan, 114 S. Ct.

1970, 1979 (1994). Barry has failed to make this showing.

Barry’s claim is based on the fact that while housed at the Bent County Correctional

Facility, his bunk was located in a large open dormitory room that did not have any wall

separating smoking and nonsmoking inmates. However, Barry presented no evidence that

the levels of ETS to which he was exposed constituted “an unreasonable risk of serious

damage to his future health.” Helling, 509 U.S. at 35. Barry is not entitled to a completely

smoke-free correctional facility.

Moreover, Barry failed to present any evidence that the defendants were deliberately

indifferent to his complaints about smoke. The undisputed evidence demonstrates that prison

officials tried to move smoking inmates away from his bunk and allowed Barry to visit the

doctor every day. R., Doc. 73, Ex. A at 76. The district court’s grant of summary judgment

with respect to Barry’s Eighth Amendment claim was also appropriate.
6

The judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado is

AFFIRMED.

The mandate shall issue forthwith.

Entered for the Court

David M. Ebel 

Circuit Judge