Construction Details:

The skid-mounted sprayer as shown in Photo "b!' is designed for use
on either a jeep or a small-flat rack truck, When so mounted the unit particu-
larly is useful for spraying narrow ditchbanks or isolated patches of noxious
weeds, Controls for the two outlets, the by-pass regulator valve, and
pressure gauge all are located near the driver's seat, Two outlets, one to
the side and rear booms, and one to the spray gun have been provided, The
spray gun can be used from the vehicle or with the long hose the operator can
spray areas near structures or in isolated locations. A railing around the
jeep bed makes a place to carry chemicals and miscellaneous supplies.

The pump (Hypro Ball Bearing Tractor Pump, Model 750, Hypro
Engineering Company, 404-10 Washington Avenue, Minneapolis 1, Minne-
sota) is chain driven by a 3 to 5 horsepower gasoline engine with a 6 tol
gear reduction, The self-priming pump has an output capacity of only 12-
gallons per minute so, to attain maximum time efficiency, an auxiliary re-
filling pump and engine combination has been installed on right side of the
vehicle, The fan-type agitator in the 100-gallon tank is connected directly
to the pump drive shaft, (Perhaps a more desirable power hookup would be
to use an engine with a gear reductions drive connected to the pump, and then
drive the agitator by a belt, With step pulleys this would make several speeds
possible and would permit disconnection of the agitator when mixing of in-
gredients in reservoir tank is not required. )

TA4-2


The four ropes which raise and lower
each section of the boom are attached to
short lengths of chains to allow quick ad-
justment by means of metal clips (O) which
hold the chain links firmly in place, The
clips are supported by a metal frame (P)
mounted on the cab, To control the spray
solution to each section of the boom (including
the hand gun) valves (Q) are mounted ina
manifold and are connected by 3/8-inch
hose lines to each boom section, A 1-inch
hose (R) is the main supply line from the
pump to the manifold,

Just behind the cab, Photograph ''c,"
is a 200-gallon tank for the spray solution
(A). The 25 gallons per minute pump and
air-cooled engine are at lower right (B).
The 2-inch diameter suction hose (C), for
quickly refilling the spray tank with water
from a ditch is fitted with two valves, and the pump either fills the reservoir
tank or discharges herbicide into the spray-boom feed line, To the extreme
left, with spigot over the tail gate of the truck, is a 50-gallon drum of con-
centrated chemical,



an efficient fuel when used in a machine equipped with the above-described
burning head, It is claimed that the addition of the water not only saves oil,
but also makes a hotter flame,

TA5-3


POWER WEED SPRAYER

This weed sprayer was designed and constructed for ditchbank spray-
ing or for operation over rough terrain by personnel of the Delta District,
Bureau of Reclamation, Stockton, California,

Construction Details:

The "'V"' bottom, 350-gallon reservoir tank, which is equipped with
a mechanical agitator, is mounted at a right angle to the truck frame to sim-
plify connections for agitator drive and to center weight of unit upon the truck
chasis. The railings around the flat-top tank and around the rear platform
have been provided for the operator's safety and as a rack for the supplies,

The top of the reservoir tank, as indicated in Photo "b, '' is below

the level of the cab window so that vision of truck operator is not impaired,
A four-cylinder gasoline engine (Wisconsin Model VF4) powers a four-stage

IA1-1


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The type of pump used on a weed burner is not important provided the
required discharge volume can be maintained at a pressure of 300 to 400
pounds per square inch, (Bean Royal 20 and 35 pumps or Hardie Imperial 30-
gallon per minute pumps commonly are used), However, when weed burners
are used to apply herbicides, the installation of a low-pressure manifold is
advisable or a different pump is installed so that low-volume and low-pressure
spraying can be accomplished which reduces the hazards of spray drift,

Combustion efficiency of the weed burner is not too high as indicated
by the dense cloud of smoke which is so typical of the operation, Several
attempts have been made to modify the burner head to increase efficiency of
the unit, Personnel of the Jacinto Irrigation District, Glenn, California,
have developed a burning head as shown in Photograph ''c" which is claimed
to increase efficiency of the operation, The head consists of one row of four
10-gallon per hour, twenty degree, nozzles (Harsh nozzles, Ray Oil Burner
Company, San Francisco, California, Fuel is pumped to the nozzles at 500
pounds pressure per square inch, and a 30-cubic feet per minute compressor
delivers air to the burning head through a separate steel tube which parallels
the row of nozzles, Air is released through seven 1/16 inch holes, four of
which are immediately below the burning jets and three above and between
the jets, The compressed air acts as a booster providing additional oxygen
to produce a hotter flame, It also is reported that high-grade Diesel fuel
when mixed with water at the rate of two-parts oil and one-part water, is

IA5-2


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UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

WREVERSIBLE 6¥ STARTER MOTOR

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centrifugal pump (Jacuzi Model S-B 7T24), The pump is primed from the
square 10-gallon auxiliary tank which has an opening near the top into the
main reservoir, Fluid remains in the small compartment regardless of draw-
down on the large tank so that the pump always can be primed, Capacity of
the pump is 30 gallons per minute at 200-pounds pressure per square inch

and it will refill the reservoir tank at the rate of 50 gallons per minute, The
length of noncollapsible intake line which is equipped with strainer is visible
at lower left of the photograph below,

By connecting a fire hydrant to the pump inlet or by using the regular
tank-refilling suction hose in a ditch or a well, the sprayer unit can be used as
a pumper for fire-fighting operations, The hose reel especially is useful for
this purpose or for use in reaching isolated weed-infested areas,

The operating height of the spray boom is adjusted by a crank and
worm screw arrangement which is placed within easy reach of the truck
driver, In Photograph ''c'' the vertical pin has been removed to show how the
boom can be folded for travel. It also is pointed out that the horizontal pin
can be removed and the spray discharge line disconnected, thereby permitting
the boom to be detached quickly from the vehicle.

The 24-foot long boom, the detail of which is shown in Photograph "d,"'
is constructed of "alprodeo' aluminum antenna-tower sections and weighs only
2 pounds per foot. The strong, light-weight boom is surprisingly rigid and is
constructed in 6-foot sections which permits extending the length if required,

IA1-2


JEEP-MOUNTED SPRAYER

A one-man operated sprayer which is useful especially for applying
herbicides to narrow ditchbanks and on areas inaccessible to larger equip-
ment has been built and used successfully for the past several years on the
Bureau of Reclamation Delta District, Stockton, California,

TA4-1


The hoist consists of a Ford starter motor converted to a reversible
motor and connected to a commercial 60 to 1 heavy-duty gear-reduction box,
The cable drum is keyed to the gear reduction shaft, A wiring diagram of the
motor is included with the accompanying design drawings for this weed sprayer,

IA1-5




LAST GOP BONOPREMUIE —— /

Department of the Interior

Bureau of Reclamation

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES
RELEASE NO. 3

March-April 1953

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CONTENTS

Weed Control Equipment Used on
Irrigation Systems

Release No. 1 is out of print and will not be
reissued.

A, Releases No. 3, 8, 16, and 37 were on the subject

\N \\" of Weed Control Equipment and have been superceded

oe by Release No. 97, "Equipment For The Prevention,
Control, and Disposal Of Weeds On Irrigation Projects."


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Thin-wall, 1-1/8-inch outside diameter steel tubing is used in preference to
3/4-inch pipe, Eyelet nozzles (Teejet No. 3/4 PT, Spraying Systems Com-
pany, Bellwood, Illinois) are attached to the tubing by drilling one 7/32-inch
hole for each nozzle, A 3/4-inch pipe nipple is welded to each end of the steel
tubing to provide threads for connecting to the pump discharge line or for
adding another length to the boom, The tubing is attached to the boom by a
number of clamps,

Length of the boom may be increased by adding additional sections,
but it also is possible to attain wider spray coverage by using a special
nozzle on end of the boom, i.e., Boomjet 3/4-inch TOC No, 40, Spraying
Systems Company, Bellwood, Illinois, or a Hanson Brodjet, Hanson Chem-
ical Equipment Company, Beloit, Wisconsin, With either of these nozzles
an additional 10 to 15 feet of coverage is secured,

The boom is elevated by
a cable which passes over a
wide roller-type pulley to the
electric hoist which is mount-
ed upon the reservoir tank,
The controls to the electric
hoist are not stationary and
may be moved, which per-
mits operation of the boom
by either the truck driver
or by a man riding upon the
rear platform, The 6-volt
electric hoist is energized
from the truck battery
through the cable which
barely is visible where it
connects to the solenoid,
Photograph "'e"",

TA1-4


TRUCK-MOUNTED WEED SPRAYER-BURNER

An outstanding and serviceable piece of weed-control equipment
which has been developed for use by personnel on the Imperial Irrigation
District and other irrigation projects in the Pacific Southwest, is the truck-
mounted sprayer-burner, These machines have had an interesting evolution,
developing from small-sized units mounted upon pickup trucks to 1, 000-
gallon tank capacity machines constructed upon 2-1/2-ton trucks, This
equipment originally was developed for burning weeds, Although the burning
method still has a place in ditchbank weed control programs, the recent
trend has been toward the use of herbicides and, therefore, many of the
units have been converted into sprayers,

Construction Details:

The boom is the principal feature of interest concerning this rig,
Although there are differences in design and construction of booms, which
reflects ideas of the several builders, they basically are similar, The boom
is counter-balanced for ease of manipulation, and is mounted upon a turntable
which permits the operator to move the pedestal along a circular track so the
boom can be used from either side or from back of the truck. Booms are
usually 30 to 40 feet long which permits reaching down steep slopes to spray
or to burn weed growths near the water which would be out of reach of fixed-
arm booms, The boom can be moved easily up or down to any desired height
above the plants, The spray nozzles are placed on a cross-arm perpendi-
cular to the end of the boom, The number of nozzles used depends upon the
width of the bank being sprayed or burned, The angle of the cross-arm is
controlled by rotating the entire spray-discharge line which is not in a fixed
position but which turns inside the channel or large pipe that is used for the
boom,

IA5-1


It is planned to print and distribute additional information on weed
control equipment as it is brought to our attention, Therefore, you will note
that this bulletin has been punched for binding in a standard 3-ring binder and
divided by subject matter into sections, with the pages numbered accordingly.
This has been done to permit binding of additional information that may be
submitted at a later date under the appropriate subject,

It will be appreciated if personnel on any private or Federal irriga-
tion project will submit descriptions, photographs, and whenever possible,
design drawings of any shop-built equipment which it is believed will be of
value in future releases, This information is to be handled by the Regional
Offices and should be submitted to the Regional Director, Bureau of Recla-
mation, in the Region in which the project is located, The location of all
Regional Offices is given below. The form, at the bottom of this page may
also be mailed to the appropriate office if you are interested in receiving
additional information that may be published, As the material is made avail-
able, copies will be forwarded,

Regional Director, Boise, Idaho

Regional Director, Sacramento, California
Regional Director, Boulder City, Nevada
Regional Director, Salt Lake City, Utah
Regional Director, Amarillo, Texas
Regional Director, Billings, Montana
Regional Director, Denver, Colorado

Chief Engineer, Denver, Colorado, Code 206

Please add my name to your mailing list to receive additional
information which may be published regarding equipment used
for controlling weeds on irrigation systems:

Name

Organization

Address



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The operator controls the boom and spray bar by manipulation of
the valves on the control panel, The boom and spray bar can be adjusted to
either a horizontal or below horizontal position which permits spraying re-
gardless of ground contour or slope of the ditch bank or levee,

A double action hydraulic cylinder activates the spray bar and is
controlled by valve ''A,'' By placing the control handle in "up" position, the
spray bar is raised, Valve "B" operates the single-action hydraulic cylinder,
When the control handle is at "up" position the spray boom is raised and with
the control handle in opposite position, pressure on the cylinder is relieved
and the release of fluid from the cylinder allows the boom and spray bar to
lower, A regulatory valve in the line can be provided so that fall of the boom
and spray bar can be controlled without any snap, Valve ''C" controls the
pressure and amount of spray that is delivered to the spray bar, Valve "'D, mt
which is not visible, regulates pressure to the control panel.

1A3-2


INTRODUCTION

This release of the Operation and Maintenance Equipment and Pro-
cedures Bulletin is being devoted exclusively to the description and illustra-
tion of '"'shop-built'' equipment for combating undesirable weed growths on
irrigation systems and information pertinent to the operation of the equipment
and materials used in weed extermination,

Considerable time and effort are expended every year in trial-and-
error att-mpts to build usuable devices for reducing the toilsome and costly
tasks of weed control. Through this process many effective pieces of equip-
ment have been constructed or developed and are being used on certain irri-
gation projects but knowledge or detailed information regarding the machines
or implements have not been available to all field workers, It is intended that
this publication serve as a guide and reference and provide a means of ex-
changing ideas on general weed control items which are of value to irrigation
project operating groups. It does not attempt to standardize equipment,

Naturally, many of the ideas which are outlined in this bulletin are
not applicable to conditions existing on all irrigation projects, but by slight
changes in the design it should be possible to adapt them to particular re-
quirements, It may be desirable, before constructing a machine, to con-
tact the particular organization where the equipment is being used and obtain
large-sized design drawings, or more detailed information, or learn if new
refinements have been made, The organization which can furnish this infor-
mation is given in the text or in the box at the lower right-hand corner of each
design drawing,

Information regarding methods or techniques for suppressing specific
ditchbank or channel weeds has not been included in this release, For details
regarding weed eradication measures, it is suggested that you refer to the
Bureau of Reclamation publication, Control of Weeds on Irrigation Systems,

Credit for the design and construction of equipment cannot be given
to an individual. In most cases the pieces of equipment illustrated reflect the
thoughts and modifications of many workers while the devices were being con-
structed or used in the field. In most cases the equipment has been redesigned
and rebuilt many times until a serviceable unit resulted, With a few noted
exceptions all pictures have been taken by Bureau of Reclamation photographers,

Reference to a trade name does not constitute an endorsement of that
product, and omission of any particular commercially available item does not
imply discrimination against any manufacturer, Frequently, mention is made
of specific articles which are used as integral parts of the equipment, When
necessary to express a point or to indicate which parts have been used in a
particular instance, the name of the manufacturer has been given, Undoubt-
edly, other products would serve as efficiently as those which have been des-
ignated.


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CONTENTS

EQUIPMENT USED FOR DITCHBANK WEED CONTROL:

Application of Chemicals, Burning Mowing, ¢ etc.
Power Weed Sprayer .. . 3 ts
Truck-mounted Weed Sprayer
Hydraulic Spray Boom 3

Jeep-mounted Sprayer .. ae an 2s
Truck-mounted Weed Sprayer- -burner
Amphibious Sprayer-burner ar:

Trailer-mounted Weed Sprayer- burner :
Portable Sprayer... 1... 2 eae

Propane Hand Sprayer .. . eee .

Compressed-air Weed Sprayer Perey .

Belle Fourche Weed Sprayer . . .
Trapping or Removing Weeds and Debris

Wire Weed Trap wick se ite ig ite oe wie @

Weed Trap .. Se ee eC ee ee ey

Mechanical Weed Fork * 3 .

Scraper for Cleaning Weeds and Sediment from Ditches"

EQUIPMENT USED FOR CHANNEL WEED CONTROL:
Application of Chemicals
Aromatic Solvent Mixer. ....
Pump and Engine for Introducing ‘Aromatic Solvent

Chaining or Discing to Control Water Weeds

Chaining Cart . . or ne an wt fet ie! eee
Side-arm Boom and Drag wk a we oer
Water-propelled Scraper ........6024
Channel Groover . . a8 Be se Bw @
Hand Water-weed Cutter for Small Laterals ai &

PREVENTATIVE WEED CONTROL:

Weed-seed Screens, Cattle Guards, Grass Seeders, etc.
CattleGuards . 2. 6 wee he ee wee
Seed Scarifier... . 1. 1 eee ee ee

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS RELATING TO WEED CONTROL

Application Problems, Size of Sprayers, etc,
Method of Determining Spray Droplet Patterns
Slide Rules for Computing Weed Problems . .
Short Cuts to Weed-killing Calculations...

Output of Spray Rigs for 2, 4-D Ditchbank Spraying e+
A Method for the Testing and Comparison of BrodjetSprayers . IVA5
Turbidimeter for Estimating Concentration of Benochlor 3-C IVA6

i

Page

IAl
1A2
IA3
IA4
IA5
IA6
IA7
TA8
IA9
IA10
TA11

IB1
IB2

IB4

IIA1
TA2

IIB1
IIB2
IIB3
IIB4
IIB5

THA1
W1A2

IVA1
IVA2
IVA3
IVA4


TRUCK-MOUNTED WEED SPRAYER

This "shop-built" highly adjustable and adaptable weed sprayer is
so constructed that the entire unit is operated by the truck driver, The spray
boom is mounted upon the front bumper of an all-wheel drive vehicle which
permits the operator to observe the spraying operations, The spray boom
was designed and constructed for use on the Deschutes Project, Bend, Oregon,
An article, 'The Deschutes Weedmobile, '' was featured in the January 1952,
issue of Reclamation Era,

Construction Details:

The 32-foot, five section spray boom is supported by a steel frame
(D), attached to the front bumper, Uprights (E) support the pulleys for the
ropes which raise or lower the side sections of the boom, Guy ropes (F)
from each side of the cab hold the boom at right angles to the truck so that
when the side sections bump into a fence post, high bank, or other obstruc-
tion, the booms will swing backward without damage, and then return to
their former position, A steel rack (G) supports the spray boom when not
in use, Swivel connections (H) for the side sections (I) permit them to swing
from the traveling to an operating position and to be raised or lowered as
required when spraying. Wing sections (J) are hinged so they can be tipped
up or down to conform to the contour of the ground or slope of the ditchbank,
The hand boom has a 150-foot-long 3/8-inch oil-resistant hose line (K) which
is wound on a reel (L) and is supported by a 10-foot swivel mast (M), to keep
hose clear of the rig when spraying, A 50-mesh, line screen (N) in the main
supply hose traps foreign particles and prevents clogging of spray nozzles,
Pressure at the manifold is controlled with a by-pass return hose to the res-
ervoir tank which also serves as an agitator to maintain constant mixing of
the spray solution,

TA2-1


HYDRAULIC SPRAY BOOM

The hydraulic spray boom is unique and simple in construction, It
allows for one-man operation of both the spray boom and the vehicle, The
operator has full control of the spray boom at all times as the control panel
is located within easy reach of the driver's seat and, when operating, the
spraying nozzles are visible, Operation of the boom and spray bar is accom-
plished by pressure developed by the spray unit, That is the hydraulic system
of the equipment is merged with the spraying system thereby eliminating the
necessity of two independent pressure units, Pressure is developed with any
liquid or chemical solution, but use of corrosive herbicides is not recom-
mended,

This hydraulic spray boom was designed and constructed by personnel
on the Tucumcari Project, Tucumcari, New Mexico.

Construction Details:

The spray pump (Iron Age by A.B, Farquhar Company, York, Penn-
sylvania) develops a pressure of 800 pounds per square inch, This pressure
is adequate to operate the hydraulic cylinders at the same time fluid is being
discharged through the spray nozzles, The nozzles (Teejets 8006, Spraying
Systems Company, Bellwood, Illinois) are spaced 17 inches on center along
the spray bar, Using these nozzles the sprayer will apply from 10 to 200
gallons of fluid per mile depending upon rate of travel and operating pressure,