**Exhibit 99.1**

**Glossary of Telecommunications Terms**

**3G**: thirdgeneration mobile technologies, including UMTS 

**4G/LTE**: fourth generation/long-term evolution mobile technologies, including WiMax 

**5G**: fifth generation mobile networks 

**ADSL**:asymmetric digital subscriber line 

**AMR**: adaptive multi-rate 

**ANO**: alternative network operator 

**ANS**: accessnetwork service 

**API**: application programming interface 

**APPM**: average price per minute 

**ARPU**: monthlyaverage revenue per mobile customer 

**B2B**: business to business 

**B2C**: business to company 

**B2O**: business tooperation 

**BRAS**: broadband remote access server 

**BTS**: base transceiver station 

**CAMEL**: acustomized application for mobile network enhanced logic; an intranetwork prepaid roaming service 

**CDMA**: code division multiple access 

**DLD**: domestic long distance 

**DSL**: digitalsubscriber line 

**DSTK**: dynamic SIM toolkit 

**DWDM**: dense wavelength division multiplexing 

**EDGE**: enhanced data rates for GSM evolution 

**FMC**:fix mobile convergence (charging subscribers who use both mobile and fixed fiber connect from a single account) 

**FOL**: fiber optical line 

**FTR**: fixed termination rate 

**FTTB**: fiber-to-the-building

 
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**GLONASS**: *Globalnaya**navigazionnaya**sputnikovaya**sistema* or Global NavigationSatellite System (In Russia, this is the equivalent of GPS.) 

**GPRS**: general packet radio service 

**GPS**: global position system 

**GSM**: Global Systemfor Mobile Communications standard 

**GSM900**: mobile telephone services using GSM in the 900 MHz frequency range 

**GSM900/1800**: mobile telephone services using the GSM standard in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency ranges 

**GSM1800**: mobile telephone services using GSM in the 1800 MHz frequency range 

**HD**: high definition 

**HSPA**: high-speed packetaccess 

**ICT**: information and communications technology 

**ICX**: interconnection exchange 

**IEEE**: Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers (a professional association which creates and maintains standards for wireless network products) 

**IGW**:International Gateway 

**IIG**: International Internet Gateway 

**ILD**: international long distance 

**IoT**: internetof things 

**IP**: internet protocol 

**IPTSP**:internet protocol telephony service provider 

**IPTV**: internet protocol television 

**IP****VPN**: IP virtual private network 

**ISDN**:integrated services digital network 

**ISP**: internet service provider 

**IVR**: interactive voice response 

**L2VPN**: layer-2 virtual private network 

**LDI**: long distance and international 

**LLU**: local loop unbundling (In Italy, this is the regulatory process of allowing multiple telecommunications operators to use connections from TelecomItalia’s local exchanges to the customer’s premises) 

**LTE-U**:LTE-unlicensed

 
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**M2M**: machine to machine 

**Mbps**: megabytes per second 

**MEN**: metropolitanEthernet technology 

**MFS**: mobile financial services 

**MHz**: unit of measurement (multiples of the Hertz) (1 MHz = 106 Hz) 

**MMS**: multimedia messaging service 

**MNP**: mobilenumber portability 

**MOU**: monthly average minutes of use per mobile customer 

**MPLS**: multiprotocol label switching 

**MSAN**:multi-service access nodes 

**MSC**: master switching center 

**MSO**: Microsoft Office 365 

**MTR**: mobiletermination rates 

**MVNO**: mobile virtual network operator 

**NFV**: network function virtualization 

**NGA**: nextgeneration access 

**NPS**: net promoter score 

**OTT**: over the top 

**P2P**: peer-to-peer

**PBX**: private branch exchange 

**PDH**: plesiochronous digital hierarchy 

**POP**: pointof presence 

**PSTN**: public switched telephone network 

**RAN**: radio access network 

**RBT**: customized ringback tones 

**RED**: radio electronic device 

**REF**: radio electronic facilities 

**RIO**: referenceinterconnection offers 

**RRL**: radio-relay 

 
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**SaaS**: software as a service 

**SDH**: synchronous digital hierarchy 

**SIP**: sessioninitiation protocol 

**SMS**: short messaging service 

**SOHO**: small office/home office 

**SSID**: service setidentifier 

**TDD**: time division duplex 

**TFO**:tandem free operation 

**TrFO**: transcoder free operation 

**ULL**: unbundled local loop 

**UMTS**: Universal MobileTelecommunications System 

**USB**: universal serial bus 

**VAS**: value added services 

**vEPC**: virtualisedenhanced packet core 

**VoIP**: voice over IP 

**VoLTE**: voice over LTE 

**VPN**: virtual privatenetwork 

**VSAT**: very small aperture terminal 

**VSP**: VoIP service provider 

**WAN**: wide areanetwork 

**WBA**: wholesale broadband access 

**WiMax**: worldwide interoperability for microwave access communication standard 

**WLL**: wireless local loop 

**WLR**: wholesale linerental 

**xDSL**: all types of DSL 

**ZTL**:*Zona**Traffico**Limitato* (Limited Traffic Zone) 

 
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