N O T I C E 

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM 

MICROFICHE. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT 

CERTAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RELEASED 

IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH 

INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE 
I 

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NASA CONTRACTOR REPORT 

DAB User I s Guide 

/ 

Jeff Trosin 

17738'3 

(NASA-CR-171393) DAB USER'S GUIDE N86-1329u 

(Informatics General Corp.) 20 p 

HC A02/MF AOI CSCL 01A 

CONTRACT NAS2-11555 

November 1985 

NI\S/\ 

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NASA CONTRACTOR REPORT 177393 

DAB User's Guide 

Jeff Trosin 

Infonna tics General Coq:ora tion 

1121 San Antonio Avenue 

Palo Alto, CA 94303-4380 

Prepared for 

lines Research Center 

under Contract NAS2-ll555 

November 1985 

NI\S/\ 

'l~dIIUlld; Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Ames Research Center 

Moffett Field. California 94035 

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DAE User's Guide 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

SECTION 

1.0 Summary 

2.0 Introduotion 

3.0 Environment (NASA Ames Research Center) 

4.0 Input requirerents 

5.0 Outputs 

6.0 Discussion of method 

APPENDICES 

A DAE Control File 

E Abutment Definition File (ADF) 

C Sample plots 

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DAB User's Guide 

SEC'l'ION 1.0 SUMMARY 

The Display AEutments (DAB) program is a graphios system for 

displaying PAN AIR geometries. It oan be used to label 

geometry oomponents. suoh as abutments. networks, and network 

edges. In addition. DAB oan oreate a file identifying possible errors in a PAN AIR abutment list. A separate system (MAKADF) has been developed to format abutment list 

information returned from PAN AIR into the Abutment Definition 

File format required for input to DAB. DAB oan help to 

alleviate the very time-oonsuming and error prone "abutment 

list oheoking" phase of developing a valid PAN AIR geometry. It oan also be used to examine details of the geometry definition before PAN AIR is used. DAB therefore represents a 

valuable tool for debugging oomplex PAN AIR geometry definitions. 

DAB is written in FORTRAN 77 and run!!3 on a Digital Equipment Corporation'VAX-11/780 under VMS. It utilizes a speoial "oolor" version of the SKETCH hidden line analysis routine 

developed by D~vid Hedgley (NASA Ames-Dryden) and the ASP 

graphics paokage. whioh creates a standard Devioe Independent Plot (DIP) file. DAB was develo~ed for the PAN AIR user oomm~nity within the Advanoed Ae~odynamios Concepts Branoh of 

NASA Ames Researoh Center by staff from the Palo Alto office 

of Informatios General Corporation under Contraot ~NAS2-11555-306-1. 

SECTION 2.0 INTRODUCTION 

DAB is a graphios system for plotting PAN AIR geometries. Display options inolude labeling networks. network edges. and 

PAN AIR abutments with appropriate identifiers. DAB oan also 

display individual panels of eaoh network in dashed line ~ype. 

Network edges are drawn as solid lines: abutments are draw.n as 

doubly-thiok solid lines. For oases'where there is no 

Abutment Definition File (ADF) speoifed in the user's Control 

File, DAB oan refleot the PAN AIR half-oonfiguration geometry about the XZ plane (to display the full oonfiguration) and/or 

automatioally eliminate wake networks from the display, 
DAB User'S Guide 

DAB allows user-specification of plot titles, geometry features to be labeled. viewing angle, and plot limits for 

zooming into regions of the geometry which are of particular interest. Labels created for the various geometry components 

are of the following form: 

LABEL 

N • la • 

E • A ,.. ~ 

ESA.t"'·· 

PSA:O * * ~. 

DESCRIPTION 

Network * .... Edge " 

Abutment *** 

Empty-space abutment -*~. 

Plane of symmetry abutment * ~ * • 

Labels for abutments and network edges are rotat.ed so that 

they are printed parallel to the line segment being labeled. 

In cases where the PAN AIR half-configuration geometry is 

reflected. network numbers for reflected networks are offset 

by the number of networks processed in the original 

half-model. 

The user can optimize the efficiency of runs by grouping 

requests for the same view angle in the DAB Control File. bAB 

reoognizes oonsecutive identical view angle requ~sts and does 

not go through the time-consuming bidden line analysis unless 

a different angle (roll. pitch. yaw) has been specified in tue 

Control File. 

There are several error oonditions whioh are possible within 

the DAB program. Most of these involve input PAN AIR geometry files which contain too much data for th~ program to handle. 

When suoh a situation is reoognized. the user is so advised 

and the program terminates. 

SECTION 3 ENvIRONMZNT (NASA Ames Research Center) 

The DAB program is written in FORTRAN and runs on a Digital Equipment Corporation VAX 11/780 under VMS. It is currently available on the FAE VAX node at NASA Ames Research Center and 

can be invoked FAE: :FACO: [PANAIR.,DABJDAB. It may be necessary 

to increase the VAX VMS system parameter PGFLQUOTA for the 

account from which DAB is to be run (because of the large 

arrays needed by this program). A PGFLQUOTA of 80000 has 

proven to be satisfactory for current users. who are dealing with PAN AIR geometries having up to 30000 panels and 200 

networks (for full configurations). 

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DAB User's Guide 

DAB is used in oonjunotion wi'th the PAN AIR and MAKADF 

programs. MAKADF is a FORTRAN program whioh runs on the VAX 

and whioh oreates an ADF from abutment list information 

provided in PAN AIR output files. MAKADF prompts for the name 

of the PAN AIR output file oontaining the abutment list. 

A standard soenario for using DAB follows: 

o A PAN AIR geometry file is oreated. 

o If abutm~nts are to be investigated: the geometry is submitted to PAN AIR so that an 

abutment list is generated. MAKADF is ru~ to 

format the abutment list into the ADF format. 

o A DAB Conerol File (shown in Appendix A) is oreated 

to speoify the plots whioh a.re desired. 

o DAB is run to oreate a Device Indepe.ndent Plot (DIP) 

file. 

D Plots are created using one of the many DIP file 

prooessors available at Ames (e.g. DIPQMS. DIPTEK, 

DI PVER. DI PVRC) . 

Beoa.use of the CPU time r~quirements for the h~dden line 

analysis. it is often appropriate to run DAB in BATCH mode. 

CPU times to generate plot frames vary. of oourse. with the 

complexity (i.e. number of networks, panels. a.butments) of 

the PAN AIR model. For referenoe. the F16 geometry shown in 

Appendix C oontains nearly 11000 panels: there was no Abutment 

Definition File available for this geometry. Creating the DIP 

file for the two F16 plots shown required approximately 25 

minutes of CPU time on the VAX. If no ADF is speoified in the 

Control File and refleotion (symmetry) is requested. the 

number of networks and panels double. Prooessing time on the 

VAX inoreases similarly. 

Tailoring dimensions in the DAB program to handle speoifio (large) geometry oombinations is readily aooomplished by modifying quantities deolared in PARAMETER statements in the 

DAB driver (and reoompiling and relinking). Dimensions' 

required to handle large PAN AIR g~ometries may require oertain VAX VMS system parameters. (e.g. PGFLQUOTA and 

Virtual Page Co~nt) to be inoreased to allow linking and 

running of programs with large memory requirements. 

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DAB User's Guide 

SECTION 4 INPUT REQUIREMENTS 

DAB requires two input files - a DAB Control File and a PAN 

AIR geometry file, An Abutment Definition File may also be 

supplied. 

The DAB Control File oontains the name of the PAN AIR geometry file to be prooessed. the name of the Abutment Definition File 

(if deSired), quantities whioh oontrol display of wake 

networks and geometry refleotion to oreate and display a full 

oonfiguration. and the view angles a,od plot options to be used 

to generate destred plots. The structure o~ the DAB Control 

File is straightforward a.nd is shown in Ap~endix A. 

The PAN AIR geometry file oontains the PAN AIR networks whioh 

are to be displayed. The struoture of this file is not 

presented here. but is disoussed in PAN AIR dooumentation, If 

wake networks are to be ommitted from plots. then BACH wake 

network in the PAN AIR geometry file must be followed by a 

"BOUNDARY COlmI'l'ION-" reoord. For DAB. a valid wake network 

must be a olass 1. subolass 4 (or 5) network 

(e.g. EOUNDARY CONDITION- 1 4). 

The optional Abutment Definition File (ADF) lists the PAN, 

AIR-defined abutments in terms of network numbers and starting and ending indioes along the edges of networks. The struoture 

of' the ADF is shown in Appendix E. An ADF oan be oreated 

(with substantial effort) using an editor, or. more simply, by running the MAKADF program. whioh reads in the abutment list 

oreated by the PAN AIR DQG module and reformats the 

information into the specified ADF format. 

SECTION 5 OUTPUTS 

DAB creates a standard Device Independent Plot (DIP) file. 

Plots Of DIP files can be oreated using any of several DIP 

file prooessing utilities available at Ames, suoh as DIPQM$, 

DIPVER, DIPD48. DIPVRC. al:ld DIPTEK. The plots shown in 

Appendix C were created on a QMS laser printer using DIPQMS. 

If an Abutment Definition Pile is specified in the Control 

File. DAB creates an Abut~ent Error Cheoking File which 

contains statistios (star~ing paints. end points. and 

midpoints) for all abutments and whioh identifies POSSIELE 

problem ~reas in the abutment definitions, such as two 

definitions of a Single abutment which proceed in 9Pposite directions. It is emphasized that the abutment errors 

reported in this file may be unjustified in certain cases, due 

to the considerable flexibility provided by PAN AIR for 

defining networks. The name of the Abutment Error Checking 

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DAB User's Guide 

File is derived from the name of the input Abutmant Definition 

File with a filename extension of h.ERR". 

SECTION 6 DISCUSSION OF METHOD 

DAB uses the SKETCH hidden line analysis algorithm developed by David Hedgley (referenoe 1) to determine whioh elements of 

the PAN AIR model are visible in the user-speoified view. The 

version of SKETCH being used inoludes a oolor feat~re whioh is 

not available in general releases. DAB relies heavily upon the oolor oapability to identify the type of pioture element 

(e.g. network odnter or abutment segment) being returned 

after the hidden line/surfaoe analysis has been performed. 

The b~sio ori teria used to d.etermine if a p.1Qt element should 

be labeled (if requested in the Gontrol File) are: 

1) The oenter of the network oontaining the feature is 

"vis.ihle' " 

2) Enough room exists to label the feature. 

DAB passes a short lin, segment at the oenter of eaoh network 

(and normal to the panel containing the network aenter) to the 

hidden line analysis routine. If any part of that segment is 

determined to be visible. the network oenter is conside;ed 

visible and labels for network center. edges. and abutments 

are enabled if requested. The algorithm implemented is not 

100% foolproof. PAN AIR geometry panels may violate the 

planar polygon requirement of the SKETCH hidden line'surfaoe 

analysis software. Beoause of this. DAB will ocoasionally fail to label elements of a pioture for a visible network 

whioh should be labeled. In addition. the short segm~nt at 

the o.enter of a hidden network may "pierce II the network which 

exists on the far side of the geometry so that labels appear for a network whioh is not really visible. 

i~--E;;r~-iedgley'S SKETCH is a solution to the olassio hidden 

line problem in computer graphiCS. Relevant literature includes: 

A General Solution to the Hidden-Line Problem 

NASA Reference Publioation 1086 

User's Guide for SKETCH 

NASA Technical Memorandum 81369 

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DAB User's Guide 

coinoident geometries are also a problem. DAP, pa.sses network 

edge segments to the hidden line analysis software many times. 

The result is that a given segment ~ay be determined to be 

visible as a panel edge, but not as a network edge or as a 

segment of an abutment. There are therefore oooasionally "rand.om holes" in some line types on plots. 

7 
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DAB User's Guide 

APPENDIX A DAB CONTROL FILE 

Initial reoords in the Control File oontain the names of the 

PAN AIR geometry file and of the Abutment Definition File to 

be used for. the ourrent run. As noted. the ADF is optional. If an ADF is not available or is not to be used, the 

oorresponding reoord in the Control File should be blank. If 

no ADF is speoified, the next two reoords oan be used to 

suppress wake networks frOm plots and or to refleot the 

geometry so that a full o~nfiguration is displayed. In the 

example below, an ADF is speoified so that the " NOWAKES" and 

"SYMMETRY II reoords whioh fallow are ignored. The;{ must still 

appear in the Control File. 

For each desired plot. the Control File allows the user ~o 

speCify plot titles. plot options to be activated, the view 

angle to wbioh the PAN AIR geometry is to be rotated, and the 

X and Y display limits to be used so that regions of interest 

oan b~ olosely sorutinized. 

A sam~le Control File follows. Desoriptions of reoords are enolo~ed in angle braokets ( .. ) for clarif1cation, and are 

not part Of the file. All reoords must begin in column 1. 

GEOM.DAT 

ABUT.DAT 

NOWAKES 

SYMMETRY 

Plot number 1 

networks and e~g~~ 

en 

155. 40. 220. 

-10. 500. 6300. 6800. 

Plot number 2 

<Name of PAN AIR input file· 

·Name of Abutment Definition File) 

tCauses wake net~orks to be ommitted' (C~uses geometry to be refleoted. 

'Title 1: up to 80 characters· 

'Title 2: up to 80 charaoters 

<Plot options E and N selected ... see below 

cRoll, pitch, yaw ... see below> 

eXmin, xmax, ymin. ymax .. see below) 

<Title 1 for second plot. etc.) 

The following briefly describes the control quantities which 

must be provided in the Control File. 

NOWAKES 

This option is only valid when the ADF record in the Control 

File is blank. When an "N" or "n" appears in column 1 of this 

record. DAB ignores wake networks in the PAN AIR geometry file. (Valid wake networks for DAB have class 1. subclass 4 

(or 5) boundary conditions.) When this option is used, EACH 

wake network in the PAN AIR geometry must be followed by a 

"BOUNDARY CONDITION .. " record. \vhich must a.ppear 1:..efore the 

start of the next network'definition. 

8 

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DAB User's Guide 

SYMMETRY 

This opt10n, also. is only valid when the ADF reoord i~i the 

Control File is blank. When an "S" or "s" appears in oolumn 1 

of this reoord, DAB refleots all netwo~ks in the PAN AIR 

geometry file about the XZ plane. This allows display cf both 

halves of the model geometry. It DOUBLES tbe number of 

networks and panels to be prooessed. Tbe NOWAKES option may be used in oonjunotion witb the SYMMETRY option. 

PLOT OPTIONS 

Seleot any oombination (in any order) of P. A. N. E, G (lower 

oase equivalents also allowed) to request desired plot and 

labeling funotiono as follows: 

OPTION 

P (or p) A (or a) N (or n) 

E (or e) G (or g) 

D:..SCRIPTION 

Draw panel boundaries in dasbed line type. Label abutments. 

Label networks. ~~Uel network edges. Dr~w soaled axes tgrid) around plot area. This 

option is very useful for identifying appropriate axis limits to be used when zooming in on a 

partioular area of the geometry is aesired. 

This reoord must begin in oolumn 1 and must not oontain 

embedded blanks. If tbe plot options reoord is blank, tbe 

oorresponding plot will sbow unlabeled network edges only. 

ROLL. P!TCH. and YAW 

The viewing angle must be speoified in degrees. Tbe order in 

whioh the body-axis-oentered rotations are per~ormed is: 1) 

roll 2) pitoh 3) yaw. 

XMIN. XMAX. YMIN, and YMAX 

These values represent axes limits for tbe plot area. anc are 

not neoessarily related to ooordin~tes in the referenoe axis 

system. A standard plot format is used. with X inoreasing to 

the right and Y inoreasing up the page. 

By requesting a plot with XMIN, XMAX. YMIN. and YMAX values' 

whioh definG the reotangular region of interest. a user oan 

zoom in on a speoifio region on the model surfaoe. This 

magnifioation feature is also extremely useful to eliminate 

orowded (sometimes illegible) labels. DAB may adjust these 

plot limits to maintain geometry proportions on plots. If the 

user wishes to s~e the entire PAN AIR model definition. a 

self-scaled view may be oreated by speoifying 0.0 for all four 

plot axes limits. For a given view angle. it is usuplly 

9 

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DAB Us~r's Guide 

neoessary to request ~uoh a ~elf-soaled plot to identify exaotly where the rotated ooordinates of the model lie so that 

subsequent plot requests oan zoom into portions of the model 

whioh are of partioular intersst. (Note: Rotated ooordinates 

of a given geometry may diffe~ for th~ WAKES and NOWAKES oases 

due to the use of different oenters of rotations for these two 

situations.) 

Axes limits are displayed at the top of eaoh plot for 

referenoe. In addition. by using the "G" plot option, graduations on eaoh axis a~e labeled to help the user 

determine ooordi~ates whioh define the region of interest. 

10 

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DAB UtH~r' a· Guide 

APPENDIX B ABUTMENT DEFINITION FILE 

Abutment Definition Files (ADFs) oontain PAN AIR-defined 

abutment information, suoh as network ~U~Der and indioes for 

the starting and ending points of the abutment for the ourrent 

network. Netwo~k names are inoluded for referenoe onl¥. ADFs 

are most readily oreated by running the MAKADF program on the 

FAE VAX (FAE::FACO:[PANAIR.DAB)MAKADF). MAKADF reformats PAN 

AIR ~butment list output into the ADF struoture shown helow. 

Th~ following is exoerpted fforn a valid ADF. Desoriptions a~e 

provided in angle braokets (, ,) and are not part of the ille. 
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DAB User's Guid~ 

APPENDIX C SAMPLE PLOTS 

The following pages oontain plots oreated by the DAB program. DIPQMS was used to plot the resulting DIP files on a QMS laser printer. 

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I. " • .." .... I z. all .'~1 ~ He. 3. ".I,,,,"a eall"" ... , NASA CR- 177393 

•. TI'" ... ."lIeltit I • ...." Dill 

DAB User I s Guide November 1985 

"'-f.", ... ar;,...1eII CMI 

7. A61,"'lal •. '-felt"''''' Or." •• ".., ".,or1 He. 

Jeff Trosin TNt 85-7104-306-26 

,- to. Work Unit No. 

t, ""ormlnt ar.."lutlOll Nt"" IftCI Allcir ... Kl707 

Infotrna tics General C".otp:Jrs t:ion 11, Con,tICt Of ~, ... 1121 San Antonio AvenU3 NAS2-11555 

Palo Al to, CA 94303-4380 

'3. Tv .. of .. ..., 1M l'Ir.od ClMrtd 

12. SclDMOf,nl Attncy NtI'N IftCI Nldr.,) Contractor Report National Aet-onal,ltics and Space Administration 1 •• S4IonIOtI,. /IttitItIftCy CodI ~'lashington, D. c. 20546 999-53-02 , 15 SwDP'I"",,"r ... Noll. 

Point of Contact: PDbert A. Carlson, MS 233-10, AIres Research Center 

t-bffett FieJ,d, CA 94305 

(411)) ~q4-~~'7 ~l'" -Mn~,:: '. 16 Abiltiet 

Use of the Display AButments (DAB) program which plots PAN AIR georretries is 

presented. r.l'he DAB program creates hidden lire displays of PAN AIR georretries 

and labels specifi"ed georretry corrponents, such as abutments, networks, and 

network edges. It can l:e used to alleviate the very tirce-consuming and error 

prone /I abutm:!nt list checking" phase of developing a valid PAN AIR georretry, 

and therefore represents a valuable tool for debugging complex PAN AIR 

georretry definitions. I 

DAB is written in FORl'PAN 77 and runs on a Digital Equiprrent Corporation 

VAX-ll/780 under VMS. It utilizes a special color version of ~~e SKETCH 

hidden line analysis routine developed by David P.edgley and tl1e ASP graphics 

package, which creates a standard Device Independent Plot (OIl?) file. DAB was 

developed for the PAN A.1R user corrrnuni 1:'j wi thin the Advanced Aerodynamic 

Concepts Branch of NASA AIres Research Center by staff from the Palo Alto 

office of Informatics General Corporation. 

17 1( •• Wordi 1511f1111tIC bw "l.ttnor(ll) II. OlatrlMIOII 5t1t.""nl 

PAN AIR; georcetry; plotting i hidden UNCI..I\SSIFIED line; abutrrents STAR category: 02 . . 

HI Security a .. lf. 101 '"'U'PCII't) 20. Security a-if. (of ttl" pili) 2'. No. of ' .... 22. "ie.· 

Unclassified Unclassified 17 

·For 1111 by thl N"lonel Tecllnical InformitiOll Service. 5ewint'fitld. VI,,'"'I 22'" 

J