# ubUc Hearing to Discuss Notice of ... roposed Rulemaking on Dishwasher Tes,t 

# Procedure October 22, 2002 

# u.s. Department of Energy, Washington, DC



# Barbara Twigg, Dishwasher Project Mgr. (202) 586..8714 

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# lt@'d ' ." r .'.,'. " ...... ," v**ar,a,a~"wigg** 

# .'**ee,~oe.go** 

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# Purpose ofHearing: To receive comments on the changes and additions proposed for the dishwasher test procedure.

- Testing soil-sensing models with soiled dishware

- Reduced average-use cycles peryear - New Definitions

- Voltage Requirements

- Standb ener measurement and re ortin Building Technologies 2**--~-** ---- 

# Dishwasher Rulemakin His Notice ofProposed Rulemaking: September28, 1999
- Proposed a test procedure for soil-sensing models with a weighted and averaged method, still using clean dishes. 

# FinalRule
- December 18,2001: Includedtest specifications, new compactstandard definitions, reduced average use cycles to 264
- But deferred soil-sensing method for more research.
Building Technologies 3

# Dishwasher Rulemakin His CorrectionNotice
- May 1, 2002: Corrected equations in 12/18/01 final rule for determining the water energy consumption per cycle using gas-heated or oil-heated water. 

# Notice ofProposed Rulemaking: September2, 2002
- Test method using soiled dishware, incorporating standby powerin estimated annual energy cost. Building Technologies 4--------------**.~~~~--~~~~-** 

# Comments and Website Comments Due: November 18,2002 Send to: dishwashertp@ee.doe.gov docket number: EE-RM/TP-99-500 (DOE prefers Word Perfect 5.1,6.1, or 8; Word orpdffiles acceptable) http://www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/codesstandards/index.htm (stakeholderinformation)
Building Technologies 5

# TEST PROCEDURE CHANGES 

# Natascha Castro National Institute ofStandards & 

# Technology (natascha.castro@nist.gov) 

# u.s. DOEPublic Hearing on

Dishwasher TestProcedure October22, 2001
Building Technologies 6

# Major Changes in this Rulemaking 1. New soil-based method to test soil-sensing machines 2. Updated annual dishwasheruse based on new survey data 3. New terms used in the dishwasher test procedure are defined 4. Voltage requirements are modified 5. New standby power measurement and reporting

Building Technologies 7

# 1. Soil-sensing Dishwasher TestMethod
• Soil-basedtesting • Potential to be the mostrealistic test method • Used in international standards (IEC 60436) • Relevant to all current sensor technologies • Complexities to soil-based testing 1lI AHAM-DW-I-1992 with 1999 addendum selectedbecause itis representative ofcommon US soils and is already in use

Building Technologies 8

# 1. Soil-sensing Dishwasher TestMethod
• Run tests ofthe Sensor Heavy, Sensor Medium, and SensorLight Cycles. • Measure energy consumption values at the end ofeachtest and record as the energy consumption for the SensorHeavy, Sensor Medium, and SensorLight Cycle. 

## 1**=----~~~--~~------------~----------------------** 

## ) +(O.33xEnergy .)+(O.05xEnergy ) EF So;tnsing 

# ··(···O.62xEner gy .•. . Sensor Sensor Sensor Light Medium Heavy Note: frequency ofcycle

### use values determinedby TIAX.



### • ForDW's

### wi an air dry option, interruptthe tests to measure energy consumption values immediately before the heated dry and record for the Truncated Sensor Heavy, Truncated Sensor Medium, and Truncated Sensor Light Cycle. Building Technologies 9**~---~---** 

# 2. Average Use Cycles
• Dataused in 2001 rulemaking was 'best available' buthad gaps; new survey findings used to obtain a 'Nationally Representative" value. • New findings support a lower average use value. • TIAX analysis shows range is more accurately 200-233 cycles/year • DOEproposes 215 cycles/year as the Representative Average Use Value • This value used in calculation ofEstimated Annual Operating Cost • This value does not impact the Energy Factor

Building Technologies 10**--~----------------** 

# 3. ProposedDOEDefinitions
• Proposed definitions: I. 

### "Soil-sensing dishwasher" means a dishwasher that has the ability to adjust automatically any energy consuming aspect ofa wash cycle basedon the soil load of the dishes. 

### II. "Non soil-sensingdishwasher" means a dishwasher that does not have the ability to adjust automatically any energy consuming aspects ofa wash cycle basedon the soil load of the dishes. 

### III. "Standby mode "means the power consumption condition when the dishwasher is connected to the main electricity supply and the door lock is unlatched.

Building Technologies 11**----------~---** 

# 3. ProposedDOEDefinitions The following cycles are defined as 

### "the set ofoperations in a soil-sensing dishwasher that constitutes the response for completely washing a load of dishes" as listed in the table below.

Sensor Sensor light 3 

### IV. Truncated SensorLight Cycle V. Truncated Sensor Medium Cycle VI. Truncated Sensor Heavy Cycle . 1, so led with half the AHAM DW-1 soil load 3 

### Same cycle, excepteliminating the heated-dryportion ofthe cycle Building Technologies 12 4 4

# 4. Voltage Requirements
• Electrical energy supply. • "Dishwashers that operate with an electrical supply of 120volts. Maintain the electrical supply to the dishwasher at 120volts + 

### 2% 

### and within onepercentof the nameplatefrequency as specifiedby the manufacturer. " Increases voltage requirements from 115 + 2% to 120V + 2% • Installation instructions call for 120 V. • Potential impact 3-5% increase for models labeled for 120V use and tested at 115.

Building Technologies 13**-~~---------** 

# 5. Standby Power
• Measurement instrumentation (timer, watt/watt-hour meter) • Measurement method • Connect the dishwasher to a watt/watt-hr meter • Ensure operation in stand-by mode • Stabilize for a minimum of5 minutes • Read energy consumption a minimum of5 minutes • Record time & watt-hours consumed. 

### • Determine Annual Standbypoweruse • Calculate the average standby power, 

### Sm' expressed in watts by dividing the measured energy consumptionbythe duration ofthe measurement. • Calculate the stand-by hours peryear, 

### Hs • S

# =Sm X 

### ((Hs)/lOOO) • Impact • S added to Annual Energy Use 

### • S included in Estimated Annual Operating Cost (EAOC) 

### • S not included in calculation ofEnergy Factor Building Technologies 14

# Dishwasher Survey Review and Findings John Bowman

Powered by Innovation since 1886 

# u.s. Department of Energy - Building Technologies Program Public Hearing on Proposed Revisions to Dishwasher Test Procedure October 22, 2002Overview m" @is:**~ ~,,~**  of**~** ,,'M'**~~q** & @ " ""Wi**,,~ ~\'0i:**  " "-" :K ff" '"**'\~** 0',\¥; 

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# i Summary of liRaings 

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16Dishwasher Survey Review Executive Summary 

### This review ofavailable data on households' dishwasherusage habits shows broadsupport to define:

• Households'pretreatmentmethods, • Distribution ofhouseholds by the level ofsoil in 

## a dishwasherload, • Quantitative amounts ofsoil on the dishware, and • Frequency ofhouseholds' use of

## a dishwasher.

17Dishwasher Survey Review Executive Summary 

### The reviewsuggests two key findings: • A separate path in the testprocedure forsoil-sensing dishwashers can be created to measure energyconsumption using a weighted, threepoint testmethod with differentamounts ofsoiled dishware. • The numberofaverage-use cycles peryearcan be reduced to 215 cycles peryear.

18Dishwasher Survey Review Support Data Requirements 

### To address needed revisions in the dishwashertest procedure that would consider testing soil-sensing dishwashers and updating the frequency of dishwasher use, this review set out to address several questions: • How soiled are the dishes in the dishwashers of U.S. households?

- Quantity of soil?

- Types of soil? • How loaded are the dishwashers in U.S. households?

- Quantity of dishware?

- Type of dishware? • How to reflect that soiling in a modified energy consumption test method? • How often do U.S. households use a dishwasher?

19Dishwasher Survey Review Data Sources The review and its findings draw from a number of sources: 1) Review of existing industry and DOE dishwasher test standards; 2) Review and analysis of survey information from eight individual sources including dishwasher and detergent manufacturers, energy and consumer interest groups, independent researchers, and government agencies; and 3) Discussions with key personnel in industry, DOE, NIST, consumers groups, and TIAX.

20Dishwasher Survey Review Data Sources A requirement of this review is to maintain the confidentiality of the industry survey sources. To this end no industry source is identified. Only general information on the data source is provided.
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### . Nationally Representative Qualityof

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21Dishwasher Survey Review Households' Soiled Dishware How soiled are the dishes in the dishwashers of 

### U.S. households? • Quantity of soil?

- Drawn from data on:

- Pretreatment methods and the resultant soil levels on dishware,

- Qualitative ranking of soil level, and

- Assessment of quantitative amounts of soil associated with the

qualitative ranking of soil level.

• Type of soil?

- Drawn from data in existing industry standards

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Dishwasher Survey Review Households' Soiled Dishware Pretreatment Methods Over 

### 700/0 of U.S. households pretreat dishes with water before loading into the dishwasher (surveys A, C, E, F, G and H). 80.0% ,..---------------------------------------, 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Over 70% of consumers pretreat dishes with water before loading into dishwasher. 

# r-**-------------~-------------** 

### '\

0.0% 4--- Pre-rinse with Pre-wash, including Pre-soakthe dish Scrape food without Removed large water some scrubbing water scraps Pretreatment Method Do nothing
23In lI. CI) .c In**~** .c In is .c 

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### c4 ::::) Dishwasher Survey Review Households' Soiled Dishware Qualitative Levels ofSoil 

### Surveys A and C (cumulatively representing over 9,000 U.S. households) show that U.S. households' dishwasher use distributes in three levels of soil- Light, Medium and Heavy.**70%~----~----~------------------------------------~--~----------.** 62% 60%

- 50% 40% 330/0 30% 20% 10% 50/0

0% Light Medium Heavy Soil Level 24Dishwasher Survey Review Households' Soiled Dishware Types ofSoil 

### The industry-recognized, 'worst-case' cleaning performance test, ANSI/AHAM Standard DW-1, precisely defines: 1) food soils that are representative ofthe types of soils on the dishware of U.S. households; 2) amounts ofthose food soils; and 3) procedures to applythe food soils and to prepare the dishware for testing.

25Dishwasher Survey Review Households' Soiled Dishware Quantitative Amounts ofSoil Given the breadth and depth of survey C, it serves as the basis here. Survey C suggests the following amounts of soil as representative of each of the 

### soil levels:

1 AHAM DW-1 specifies a mass of 31.3 grams of food soils applied to each place setting. 2 Note that this is one-half of the 31.3 grams of the food soils normally applied to one place setting in DW-1.

26Dishwasher Survey Review Households' Soiled Dishware Amount& Type ofDishware 

### How loaded are the dishwashers in U.S. households? • Quantity of dishware?

- Vast majority of households (>80%) run dishwashers at full capacity.

- In conjunction with average operation of about once every other day,

implies that some portion, 

### -1/2, of the dishware load with varying levels of soil is air-drying for about a day.

- ANSII AHAM Standard DW-1 is being revised to consider longer airdrying of soiled dishware. • Type of dishware?

- As might be expected, a wide variety of dishware is used in U.S.

households.

- One nationally representative survey indicates that for >50% of

households plastic dishware makes up 25% or more of the load.

- Any impact is likely to be of secondary importance to implementing a

soil-based test method for soil-sensing dishwashers.

27Dishwasher Survey Review Suggested Test Method for Soil-Sensing Dishwashers The review suggests that a 3-point test using different amounts of soiled dishware would more accurately reflect the energy consumption of soil-sensing dishwashers.

Heavy 4 4 8 lVIedium 2 6 8

Ught 1wi Y2 soil2 7 8 1 AHAM OW-1 specifies a mass of 31.3 grams of food soils applied to each place setting. 2 Note that this is one-half of the 31.3 grams of the food soils normally applied to one

place setting in OW-1 . The energy factor would then be an average of the 3 tests weighted by the distribution of U.S. households in the three 

### soil level categories: 

### EFSoil-sensing= 

### 1/((.62X EnergYLight)+(.33X EnergYMediurrJ+(.05X EnergYHeavy))

28Dishwasher Survey Review Frequency of Use 

### How often do U.S. households use a dishwasher? - A· lotless according

### to EIA's 

### 1997RECS andseveral othersurveys.

60.0% -,------------------------------------,

"- CD .c til 50.0%**~** 40.0% .c til is co .c 

# - ·i 30.0% til "0 .c :g :::s o :J: 20.0%**~** ::l 10.0%
0.0%+---- Less Than 4 Times EIA's 1997 RECS Median: Half of the responses are at less than 4 times per week, or208 cycles per year. Average: Can range from 207 to 282 cycles peryear depending on definition of the categories.

4to6Times At. Least Once Each Day 29Dishwasher Survey Review Frequency of Use Review of five nationally representative surveys showed a wide range of average-use cycles/year that was narrowed to the suggested range of 200 to 233 average-use cycles per year. 215 average-use cycles splits the range.**i~~erage** of;"

### ~X"'b'D" 2**~:J~;1:'~'ttltql!** of**Avt~t~d_tJ: e~('tYear** for a Dishwasher , . "**~;,;,** ''''"<", ;, ,Y, :"**'b\l.;;oWt~a.~Ayef** •• eJ:OItt Values· Values1 162 181 201 153 191 230 155 189 224 225 225 226 207 245 282 180 206 233 1 Consistent definitions for the broad and/or unbounded categories presented in the surveys. 2 Note that this range centers near the median of the 1997 RECS data. A weighted average of the

'Average' Category Values yielded 200 average-use cycles/year and was taken as the bottom of the suggested range.

30Dishwasher Survey Review Summary of Findings The findings of this review suggest that: • Creating a separate path in the test method for soil-sensing dishwashers and adopting the weighted three-point test method previously outlined will more accurately reflect the energy consumption of soil-sensing dishwashers, and • Reducing the average-use cycles per year for dishwashers to 215 cycles per year will more closely represent average household dishwasher usage.

31