Photo No, 8 Brantner Extension Ditch

15" galvanized CMP turnout to Muir
place south of Brighton, Colorado,
While much of the galvanizing is
gone from the invert the pipe is

still in good shape after 25 years

of service, The base metal is not
badly corroded. This pipe was set
with the invert about a foot above the
bottom of the canal which probably
permitted the entry of less of the bed
load of sand and gravel,

Photo taken 2/16/53

Fountain Mutual
Photo No, 9 Irrig, Dist,

15" galvanized CMP turnout (West
Foster Turnout), the outlet end,
Sand carried by the water has
eroded the galvanizing out of the
invert but the base metal is sound
and the pipe is good for a lot more
service, It has been in service for
20 years,

Photo taken 2/17/53

Fountain Mutual
Photo No, 10 Irrig. Dist,

12" galvanized CMP turnout to Thomas
and Farmer places, This structure
carries about 110 acre feet of water
annually with considerable sand in it,
It has served for 30 years and, while
the galvanizing is gone from the invert,
the base metal is still sound and good
for a long time more.

Photo taken 2/17/53


e. While the two pipes observed which had really failed
were not in turnout ‘structures, they did serve to show what could
be expected under extreme conditions, These pipes lay, one for
about 25 years and the other for 16 years, in a very corrosive
saturated soil.

f, The resistance of corrugated metal pipe to corrosive
action, as compared to the resistance of precast concrete pipe
to the same influences, is probably not too important when we are
considering turnout structures, since both concrete and steel
are vulnerable to alkali Salts, and it appears that other factors
are more influential in determining the life of a pipe turnout
structure,

&- In comparing precast concrete pipe and corrugated
metal pipe for turnouts, the choice between the two should rest
upon the evaluation of a number of factors which finally resolve
themselves into a matter of long-time annual costs, Following are
some of the more important things to consider:

1. Cost of pipe at point of production

2. Cost of transportation

3. Cost of installation, ease of handling

4. Occurrence of joints in the pipe. (Where frost
heaving or foundation settlement occurs, precast pipe lines
generally break at the first Joint downstream from the head-
wall, Joints also are likely to cause leakage which, in turn,
soaks up the bank and, if alkali salts are present, encourages
deterioration, )

5+ Roughness coefficient of the pipe. (Where
allowable head loss is a critical consideration, the less
favorable flow condition in a CMP might be a determining
factor.)

In view of the various considerations expressed above, the
following recommendations are made:

a. Since corrugated metal pipes have given very good
service in turnout structures, both on Bureau-built projects and
on private systems, and since there are certain advantages to be
enjoyed from their use, full consideration should be given to
using corrugated metal pipes in farm turnouts from laterals in
the future.


from an 11-foot bottom width ditch, if it is first windrowed with a
motor patrol. However, by making two passes with the loader in the
11-foot ditches, there will be no need for the motor patrol unless side-
slopes are to be trimmed.

Typical views of the work accomplished are shown in the ac-
companying photographs, The Taussigs are convinced that the new
loader will pay for itself within a relatively short time, since costs of
hiring contractors to clean the ditches with bulldozers, as was previ-
ously done, was slow and costly. In widening the ditches, the loader
and motor patrol completed about 5 miles of ditch per day.

The 125 Athey HiLoader is manufactured by the Athey Products
Corporation, 5631 West 65th Street, Chicago 38, Illinois,

OK OK

TESTING PIPE

If you have much pipe to test, the testing of it may be accom~
plished very easily by the use of the device shown below and developed
by the Shasta Division of the Central Valley Project. Pipe of 4- to


Fountain Mutual
Photo No, 11 Irrig, Dist.

Two 18" galvanized paved invert CMP!s
serving to discharge the sand and gravel
removed from the diversion canal in the
middle background, The left pipe gets
the heaviest load of sediment since it

is upstream, The paved invert and the
pipe itself are worn completely through
Bt'the outlet end, It has served about

10 years during which time it has run
continuously throughout the years,

Photo taken 2/17/53

Fountain Mutual
Photo No, 12 Irrig, Dist.

Head end of diversion canal, Sand
removal structure is in the fore~
ground discharging sediment towards
the left through the pipes shown in
Photo No, 11,

Photo taken 2/17/53

Fountain Mutual
Photo No, 13 Irrig. Dist.

Remains of 12" galvanized dipped
(not asbestos bonded) perforated
CMP used to outlet toe drains
from Fountain Mutual Irrigation
District dam east of Colorado
Springs, The dam was built in
1901 but the toe drains were not
installed until about 25 years
later when high concentrations of
salts had built up in the area just
below the dam, The pipe in the
picture served for about 25 or 26
Fears before being replaced. The
Same type of pipe installed at the
toe of the dam as pick-up drains
is still in service.

Photo taken 2/17/53



Rough and Ready Ditch
Photo No, 4 Farmers! Extension

10" glavanized Ingot Iron CMP in-
stalled at Newman turnout, Much

of the galvanizing is gone from the
invert of the pipe and there is a

little corrosion of the base metal

so the pipe should be good for many
more years service. The advantages
of asbestos bonding are readily appar-
ent by comparing this pipe with that
shown in Photo No. ?,

Photo taken 2/16/53

Rough and Ready Ditch
Photo No, 5 Farmers! Extension

Metergate turnout to Clennon Lateral,
inside of 36" asbestos bonded, asphalt
dipped, CMP. Welds to form elbow
show little corrosion and what there is
does not appear to be spreading badly,
This pipe has been in service about

15 years,

Photo taken 2/16/53


DISCOURAGING SWALLOWS FROM NESTING

The annual flight of swallows to the power features in the
Shasta Dam Division of the Central Valley Project has caused con-
siderable concern, especially the unsightly nests and droppings,

In order to discourage the swallows from building their nests
in the more prominent locations, vertical walls and surfaces to which
the mud nests are attached are treated with a paint filler followed by
the application of an enamel paint, All holes, cracks and rough sur-
faces are filled. Eliminating the footing which swallows must have
while building their nests, eliminates the swallows,

In the photograph below, a light gray enamel paint has been
used to paint the concrete wall without too much difference in contrast
with respect to the natural concrete color. Control of the nesting of
swallows by the painting method is new in the Shasta Dam Division and
for this reason it is difficult to evaluate the benefits, However, it is
estimated that the cleaning of transformer bushings, insulator supports
and the general cleaning of other equipment in the immediate area fol-
lowing the annual flight of the swallows will decrease O&M costs by
approximately 200 man-hours annually,

KK KK


WHEELED TRACTORS PULLING SMALL SCRAPERS AID IN O&M WORK

Wheeled tractors
pulling 5-cubic yard
scrapers are used to good
advantage on the Columbia
Basin Project in O&M
operations.

The photographs to
the left show the units at
work on the East Low
Canal bringing in earth
material to be used as
compacted earth lining.

The project con-
siders the equipment to
be a valuable addition to
their O&M equipment pool.
The units are small enough
to be maneuverable, Yet,
they are still of sufficient
capacity to move a lot of
material in a short time.
On the road they can be
moved from place toplace
\ in a hurry,

The tractors, are
utilized as motive power
for other work on the
project, For additional
information, contact the
Irrigation O&M Supervi-
sor, U.S.B.R., Ephrata,
Washington.

KR KOK

MARKING IRRIGATION STRUCTURES WITH DATE OF CONSTRUCTION

Upon inspecting a structure for the purpose of determining the
performance of construction materials, the first step is to appraise the
condition of the structure, The second step is to determine the length
of time the structure has been in service, For this reason the dating of

6


16-inch in size has been tested with the device shown below, eliminating
the necessity of handling large sections of pipe and valves, The equip-
ment necessary can be handled and installed by one man and the testing
is accomplished with complete control in venting the line, introducing
test water, applying the desired pressure and draining,

The device is attached to the downstream end of the pipe or
pipe line to be tested, An air vent at the top of the device may be uti-
lized for pressure gage readings if desired, While filling the pipe line,
the air vent is left open until all air has been forced out of the line.
Pressure may be applied through the test head section without interfer-
ence to the pressure gage by using the valve at the closed end of the test-
ing head,

The device consists
of a two-foot section of
pipe, the same diam-
eter as the pipe or line
to be tested. A gate valve
is located on the closed |
end, with the air venton
top. When attaching the
device to the pipe to be
tested, a dresser-type
coupling slides over the
outside end to a dresser-
type line, A dresser-type
coupling using a short
flanged section can be
used for a flanged line,
In like manner the same

. flanged section with a
screwed connection on
the inside may be used
for screw-type pipe lines,

Much time and effort
has been saved by use of
the device on the Central
Valley Project,

OK OK KK


Rough and Ready Ditch
Photo No, 6 Farmers! Extension

View of downstream portion of struc-
ture shown in Photo No, 5. Meter-
gate wells are of plain galvanized
Steel and are badly pitted after 15
years of service while the asbestos
bonded pipe is in perfect condition,

Photo taken 2/16/53

Photo No.7 Sullivan Canal

12" galvanized CMP turnout about

50 yds. east of Hwy, 185 north of
Denver, This pipe has been in serv~
ice about 33 years and while most
of the galvanizing is gone from the
inside of the pipe, the base metal

is not too badly corroded and will
likely serve for many more years,

Photo taken 2/16/53


SAFETY FENCE EXTENSION PROTECTS UNDERGROUND WORKS

Existing Choon Link

( sats 1A" Strap itor
\ y)
\ Zee ton

Clame Dero!

An inexpensive, wing-type exten-
sion is being placed on safety fences
at the entrance to siphons and other
underground works on the Friant-Kern
Canal of the Central Valley Project,
California, The extension has been
found necessary to prevent the adven-
turesome from gaining access to the
top of the concrete transition inside
the originally installed safety fence.

An installation at a siphon is
shown in the photograph to the left.
The extension shown is fabricated
from 1-1/4-inch pipe. Fabricated
either from pipe or concrete rein-
forcing steel, as shown in the draw-
ings below, the extension can be in-
stalled in a few minutes using the
strap-iron clamps.

To prevent the extension wing
from being swung out of position, it
is braced to the nearest fence post
at the top or bottom,

ae

eK KK Ok


Department of the Interior

Bureau of Reclamation

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

LAST COPY - bd NOT REMOVE

ates alae ANDAR FO PE

EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES

RELEASE NO. 5
July-August 1953

List COPY - DO NOT REMC:

CONTENTS

Disposal of Waste Oils

Bureau Water Measurement Manual

The Athey HiLoader

Testing Pipe

Wheeled Tractors Pulling Small Scrapers Aid in O&M Work
Marking Irrigation Structures with Date of Completion
Off-Season Protection of Underground Works

Safety Fence Extension Protects Underground Works
Discouraging Swallows From Nesting

An Impact Wrench Saves Time

Performance of Corrugated Metal Pipe in Turnout Structures

ANVIT
Huw

LIST COPY - DO NOT RENIC



Denver, Colorado

June 3, 1953
Memorandum
To: Chief Engineer
From: S. T. Larsen

Subject: Performance of corrugated mtal pipe in turnout
structures

Since some of our field offices have requested permission
to use corrugated metal pipe in turnout structures, in certain
instances, the question has arisen as to the desirability and
serviceability of such installations, In years gone by, the
use of corrugated metal pipe turnouts was not at all unusual in
the Bureau, but more recently we have been specifying precast
concrete pipe or monolithic concrete boxes almost exclusively,

The reason for favoring concrete has probably been that it was
considered to be more durable, since there does not seem to be

much difference in cost at the point of production, If a long

haul is necessary, the freight charges on the concrete pipe would soon
result in a difference in cost.

While under certain conditions, precast concrete pipe
might last longer than corrugated metal pipe, the hazards of frost
action, alkaline soils, and other dangers tend to minimize this
advantage. On the other hand, the relatively light weight of the
corrugated metal pipe makes it easy to handle and install, and
there are few, if any, joints in the average turnout line made of
CMP, all of which should result in lower installation costs,

In order to better evaluate the performance of the
corrugated metal pipe in service under varying conditions, certain
field offices were asked to report upon the condition of corrugated
metal pipe installations known to exist in their areas, Excellent
cooperation was had from all but one office, a regional office, which
regretted that they lacked funds to furnish the information requested,
The Shoshone Project submitted sample coupons cut from a CMP turnout
pipe installed originally in 1925 and recently moved because of
a@ change in alinement of the canal. They also sent a sample of the
soil surrounding the pipe, so that it could be tested for corrosivity,
This was done in our laboratory where a spectroscopic analysis of
the metal was also run to determine the type of steel used.


AN IMPACT WRENCH SAVES TIME

Actually a small tool,
but one with which much time
can be saved, is the impact
wrench, Pneumatic impact
wrenches used on the Shasta
Division of the Central Valley
Project have been estimated
to have saved about 60 per-
cent of the time normally re-
quired in tightening screws
and nuts during the period of
one year.

Another recommenda-
tion for the wrench is that it
is possible to obtain approx-
imately even tension over @
given area, The workman
shown in the photograph to the
left is using the impact wrench
with a screw driver attach-
ment for tightening screws in
a gate seal,

Most of the smaller pneu-
matic wrenches of the size
shown can be operated with
the air supply found in most
garages and project shops, A
pressure of about 80 to 90psi
is needed and the volume re-
quired is not large. Impact
wrenches powered by electric-
ity are also available.

KK KK

PERFORMANCE OF CORRUGATED METAL PIPE
IN TURNOUT STRUCTURES

In order to better evaluate the performance of corrugated metal
pipe in service on our projects under varying conditions, certain field of-
fices of the Bureau of Reclamation were asked to report upon the condi-
tion of the pipe installations known to exist in their areas, Results of the
inventory are believed of sufficient interest to all irrigation projects that
inclusion of a memorandum on the subject in this release is worth-while,
The memorandum follows,

10


all structures is highly desirable, and is a procedure recommended
by Region 5, Bureau of Reclamation, Amarillo, Texas,

It has been the practice of the Bureau of Reclamation to mark
all major structures with the date of construction, On power plants,
pumping plants, tunnels, large siphons, and other major works, this
is a requirement of the Reclamation Manual, The smaller irrigation
structures are not usually marked and it has not been required, al-
though it is suggested in the Bureau Concrete Manual, 5th Edition, page
250,

Marking such structures as drops, checks, culverts, smaller
siphons, etc,, will facilitate determination of the age of a structure dur-
ing field inspections, aid in making on-the-spot appraisal of material
performance, and assist in estimating its probable useful life, The time
required to mark the date in the freshconcrete of unformed surfaces is
insignificant, In formed surfaces, inexpensive expendable sheet metal
or plastic figures nailed to the inside surface of the wood formwork can
be used. Such a procedure is being done on many Water User and Bu-
reau operated projects,

KOK OK Ok &

OFF-SEASON PROTECTION OF UNDERGROUND WORKS

Weed racks placed
at the ends of siphon struc-
tures prevent the entrance
of trash, tumbleweeds, and
animals during the non-
_ operating season on the
Cambridge Canal of the
Frenchman-Cambridge
Unit of the Missouri River
Basin Project in Nebraska,
' The lightweight racks,
similar to the one shown
in the photographs to the
left, are placed in the fall
after the irrigation season
and removed the following
spring before water is
again placed in the canal
» system,

The lightweight racks consist of pipe, steel rail or wooden frames,
to which a wire mesh is attached, They have been very effective and are
believed to have reduced O&M costs materially,

2 OK Ok


THE ATHEY HILOADER

A commercially available piece of equipment, the 125 Athey
HiLoader, in conjunction with a motor patrol grader, has been used to
good advantage by the Taussig Brothers in the cleaning and enlarging
of ditches on their Bethel Hereford Ranch, near Parshall, Colorado,
The HiLoader has proved to be an efficient earthmoving tool for this
type of work, making a clean 8-foot pick-up of the material in one pass
and loading the loose or lightly compacted material involved, The 13-
to 18-foot hydraulically controlled swivel discharge conveyor will cast
material to either bank of the ditch without changing direction of the
machine, High road speeds of the machine, up to 20 mph, provide for
rapid movement from job to job,

The Taussig Ranch is located on the western slope of the Con-
tinental Divide in Colorado, in sagebrush country where good irrigation
of pasture land is a "must" for efficient cattle raising, Every season
the ditches are cleaned to assure an adequate flow of water to the far
reaches of the irrigation system, This past year some of the ditches
were enlarged from an 8-foot to an 11-foot bottom width,

In the fall season, irrigation is discontinued and the ditches
dry out, The subgrade, after the ditches have dried, is firm, the soil
being light and sandy with practically no rock, With one pass, the
loader's 8-foot width of gather is sufficient to clean all material, even


bd. Since the patents governing the asbestos-bonding
process are expected to expire within a few years, the designers
should be alert to that situation; and, if asbestos-bonded steel
becomes available from competing suppliers, thus removing present
procurement difficulties, they should take advantage of the
superior performance offered by this material.

LTR

I concur:

i a7

Copies in duplicate to: Commissioner, Attention: 200 and Loo

Regional Director, Boise, Idaho, Attn: 1-200 & 1-400

Regional Director, Sacramento, Calif.,Attn: 2-200
and 2-400

Regional Director, Boulder City, Nevada, Attn: 3-200
and 3-400

Regional Director, Salt Lake City, Utah,
Attn: 4-200 and 4-400

Regional Director, Amarillo, Texas,
Attn: 5-200 and 5-400

Regional Director, Billings, Montane,
Attn: 6-200 and 6-400

Regional Director, Denver, Colorado,
Attn: 7-200 and 7-400

Chief Engineer


Rough and Ready Ditch
Photo No, 1 Farmers! Extension

Wetty Turnout, 12" diam. asphalt
dipped asbestos bonded CMP. In
excellent condition after 15 years
of service under average conditions.

Photo taken 2/16/53

Rough and Ready Ditch
Photo No, 2 Farmers' Extension

Newman turnout, 30" asphalt dipped
asbestos bonded CMP. After 15 years
of service the asbestos bonding is still
intact protecting the galvanizing and
base metal, There is some sand carried
in the water and other conditions are
about average.

Photo taken 2/16/53

Rough and Ready Ditch
Photo No. 3 Farmers! Extension

General view of Newman turnout show-
ing pipes depicted in Photos Nos. 2 and

Photo taken 2/16/53


DISPOSAL OF WASTE OILS

The mobile oil spray unit shown above has been developed by
the Shasta Division of the Central Valley Project and is used effectively
for the disposal of waste oils.

Normally waste oils are disposed of in a dump, but by use of
the mobile oil sprayer, 400 gallons of oil may be disposed of at one time.
On the Central Valley Project the oil is used along the shoulders of roads
for weed and erosion control or in areas where dust may be a problem.
The oil tank and gasoline-driven pump are mounted on an ordinary trailer
which may be pulled by a pick-up truck. If more detail is desired on the
unit contact the Supervising Engineer, California Projects, Sacramento,
California,

eR KK

BUREAU WATER MEASUREMENT MANUAL

We have been advised that the Bureau's Water Measurement
Manual is now available for distribution. The 271-page, pocket-size
edition in flexible binding will sell for $1.50. Copies of the Manual for
official use can be obtained by requisition. Others may obtain copies
of the Manual from the Property Management Section, Bureau of
Reclamation, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado.

ROK KK


INTRODUCTION

This is the fifth Operation and Maintenance Equipment and
Procedures Bulletin to be released as a joint effort of the Division of
Operation and Maintenance and Division of Design and Construction
of the Bureau of Reclamation, We hope we are passing on information
that is useful to project operations people, We continue to receive
useful suggestions but we need many more for future releases so let's
have them, Your suggestions can be mailed to the Bureau's
Offices listed below, or the O&M Representative, Design and Construc-
tion Division, Building 53, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado,

Regional Director, Boise, Idaho

Supervising Engineer, Sacramento, California
Regional Director, Boulder City, Nevada
Regional Director, Salt Lake City, Utah
Regional Director, Amarillo, Texas

Regional Director, Billings, Montana
Regional Director, Denver, Colorado

Your attention is directed to the memorandum on the subject
"Performance of Corrugated Metal Pipe in Turnout Structures" in-
cluded in this issue of the Bulletin, We believe unbiased consideration
of subjects such as the one presented will enable us to reduce costs in
the construction and operation of irrigation projects,

Again we repeat that this Bulletin is circulated for the benefit
of irrigation project operators, Reference to a trade name does not
constitute an endorsement of a particular product and omission of any
commercially available item does not imply discrimination against any
manufacturer,

eK KKK


To assist us in obtaining information on the numerous
corrugated metal pipe turnout structures in use in the irrigated
areas near Denver, the services of Mr, Max Newell and his Assistant,
Mr, Louis Parkinson, were offered by Armco Drainage and Metal
Products, Incorporated. They took D. G. Tabler, of the Canals
Branch, and myself on a 2-day tour of installations north of
Denver and in the Colorado Springs area, showing us structures
operating under varying degress of severity exposure and having
been in service for varying periods of time, Of the corrugated
metal pipes inspected, some were plain galvanized; some were
galvanized and dipped; and others were asbestos bonded and dipped.
Mr, Newell also was able to tell us the age of each structure or
brought us in contact with people who could.

From the information received from the field and from the
observations we made, a number of conclusions were drawn, These are:

a. The two principal factors affecting the life of a
corrugated metal pipe turnout probably are: The amount of abrasive
materials carried by the water, and the amount of water passing
through the pipe annually.

b>. The ability of asbestos-bonded metal to resist
abrasion is very much greater than is that of plain galvanized
metal.

c. For the difference in cost between plain-galvanized
corrugated metal pipe and asbestos-bonded corrugated metal pipe,
the much longer life of the latter fully justifies the additional
cost, which is only about 20 percent.

ad. As a rule, the bank material surrounding the outside
of a CMP turnout structure is relatively dry so the effects of
corrosive salts in the earth are not 50 evident as they would be
in a drain structure, for instance, This is shown in the case
of the Shoshone structure when the surrounding earth is classed as
being "severely corrosive,” but the galvanizing on the outside of
the pipe is still in very good condition after 28 years of exposure.


PERFORMANCE OF COR:

IATED METAL PIPE TURNOUTS:

Ready Ditch(Noreh of Denver)
Wetty Turnout,

sone

sand; asbestos bonded,

galvanized

Galvanizing still coverea by asbestos
: bonding

Farmers’ Ext. of Rough 30 Average, :Asphalt dipped, :Most of asphalt dipping 1s gone frou
and Ready Ditch some sand: asbestos bonded, : invert, but galvanizing ts still
Nevasn Turnout : in vater : galvanized :_covered by asbestos bonding. Metal pret
Farmers’ Ext. of Rough and 5 5 vAverage, —:Armco Ingot Iron :Base metal is in good shape, but the
Ready Ditch Some sand: galvanized only : galvanizing is vorn through in the
Newnan Turnout in vater invert, Jood for many aore years
Farmers’ ext. of Rough and T 53 vAephalt dipped, "erfect, most of asphalt still in place.

Ready Ditch
Markham Turnout No. 2

i asbestos bonded,
: galvanized

: Amount of sand entering pipe less
because of being set igh in ditch

Farsere’ Ext. of ough and
y

asbestos conded,

TRSphale Sipped,
2 galvanized

vPerfect, wost of asphalt still in place.
Used vith meter gate. Outlet end
turned up. Very little corrosion at
:_welds

‘Ivanized only

Most of galvanizing is gone, There is
Some corrosion, but no deep pitting.
Looks like it is good for many years

: : : low ditch : more. Sand in vater probably eroded
t i galvanizing

Erantner Ditch, Sates: 10" 2 ‘Galvanized only ‘Most of galvanizing is gone from invert.

south of Brighton, Colorado + Metal is not badly corroded or pitted,
: + Good for many years more
x sand:

Erentner ext, Ditch, south of : 12" Ea) alvanized only ‘Most of galvanizing is gone from invert.
Brighton, Base metal is not badly corroded or
Kramer Turnout : pitted. Good for many years nore

Brantner Ext. Ditch, 25 Galvanized only —:Less erosion of galvanizing than tvo pre-
south of Brighton, ceding cases because of being set
Muir Turnout : higher above ditch bottom, Takes less

sand

Erantner Ext., 1/2 alle north 5 Galvanized only  :Most of galvanizing is gone from the
of Denver Poor Farm, i invert, but the base metal is OK,
Harris Turnout : Corrosion 1s not serious. Good for

pany years more

Fountain Mutual Main Canal, +8 Tvanized only Ivanizing is gone from the bottom of
east of Colorado Springs, the invert, but the base metal is not
Colo. : badly corroded or pitted
Foster Siphon Wastevay : :

Fountain Mutual Main Canal, + T Calvanized only ‘ivanizing te mostly gone from lover

east of Colorado Springs,
ster Turnout

1/& of pipe. Rest of galvanizing OK.
Base metal is in good condition

Fountain Mutual Main Cenal,
east of Colorado Springs,
Foster Turnout

Galvanized only

aivenizing is gone from the invert, but
the base metal is good, not badly

- in water corroded. Good for many more years
Ii —“ietter than:Uaivanized only The galvanizing Ts intecy in epriecc? —

the vater-carrying average amounts of
sand; however, the amount of water pas:
ing through this pipe averages 10 A.F./
year

tual Mein Canal,
east of Colorado Springs,
Taouss and Farmer Turnout

Most of galvanizing is gone from invert
of pipe, but base metal is sound and not
badly corroded. Good for many wore yrs.

Fountain Mutual Diversion
Canal Desilting Pipes

rThet part of the pipe overhanging the
outlet headwall has been eroded through
the paving end the pipe itself by the
heavy load of sand and gravel removed

: from the canal by this installetion.

: This structure operates continuously

i throughout the year

Shoshone Project, Wiliwood
on, Willvood Canal,
30, Farm Turnout

+Soil around: Pure iron-type
metal galvanize
inside and cut-
side plus as.
phalt coating ot
inside

Ualvanizing on outside of pipe te in ex-
cellent condition, largely intact.Much
of interior asphalt coating still in
place; some damage to galvanizing;|
metal OK; corrosion of base metal not
bad

Fountain Mutual Irrigation
District Dam, east of
Colorado Springs. Outlet
for toe drains

25+

‘Soil around:Pure iron-type
: pipe very:

corrosive;
high in
salts,
swampy

metal galvanized,:
dipped, perforated:

Dam is founded on shales high in salts
Dam operated over 20 years before toe
drain vas installed, Area below dan
was svaupy and very high in salts,
Perforations probably speeded up cor-
rosion proce! Pipe vas completely
eaten up and had been replaced

Fountain Mutual Irrigation
District-Souers Equalizing
Reservoir,

Outlet vorks

vixtreaely : Galvanized only
i severe,

2 Pipe set

: in shale
vhich is
high in
alkali
salts and:
is vet:
most of

‘Upper end of pipe has been eaten through
So that it must be replaced, Asbestos-
bonded pipe vill probably be used for
Feplacement, Gate and guides are also
badly corroded