# Safety Compass Newsletter

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## A Publication of the Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety

### Fall 2018: Volume 12 Issue 3

Best for printing: PDF Version(1.7 MB)

To view PDF files, you can use the Acrobat® Reader®.

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*In this issue*:

A Message from the FHWA Associate Administrator for Safety, Beth Alicandri

**BY THE NUMBERS: SAFETY DATA AND ANALYSIS**

> 
The Calibrator – Calibrate, Critique, CURE

MIRE FDE and 2.0: What You Need to Know

Safety in Numbers – Get Up to Speed on Key Safety Data and Analysis Methods

New Video! Applying, Calibrating, and Developing SPFS

**SUPPORTING THE STATES AND TRIBES: FEDERAL AID PROGRAMS**

> 
ASAP Update: Eight States Awarded Funding for Safety Projects in FY 2018

**SAFETY FOCUS AREA: VULNERABLE ROAD USERS**

> 
Two Safety Innovations Take the Stage in EDC-5

Interim Approval of RRFB Brings Updated Pedestrian Resources...and a Few New Ones, Too!

FHWA Works To Establish New Test Bed for Vehicle to Pedestrian Technology

MAC in Action and Addressing Motorcycle Fatalities Head On

**STATE OF THE PRACTICE: UPDATES FROM STATES AND LOCALITIES**

> 
Variable Speed Limits, Ramp Metering, & Part-Time Shoulder Use in Maine

Local Road Safety Plans Made Simple

**NEW RESOURCE ROUNDUP**
> 
New Guide Helps Local, Regional Practitioners Achieve Zero Deaths Vision

Taking the Guesswork Out of Assessing Injury Severity

**LEARNING TOGETHER**

> 
FHWA Offers New Web-Based Training for Roadway Lighting

National Peer Exchange Focuses on Sharing Notable State DDSA Practices

New! FHWA Launches Introduction to Safety Data Analysis for Tribes

**AWARDS NEWS**

> 
FHWA’S Kelly Morton Wins FRA Spike Award!

**ANNOUNCEMENTS AND EVENTS**

> 
This Fall, “Bridge the Gap” in Rural Road Safety

New! Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) User Group

U.S. DOT Begins a New Era of Public Transit Safety

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## A Message from the FHWA Associate Administrator for Safety, Beth Alicandri

### HSIP: Helping Turn Facts into Knowledge

Did you know that States obligated a total of $4.3 billion on over 4,600 highway safety improvement projects in 2017 as part of the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP)? The States receive about $2.5 billion annually to help them implement life-saving highway safety improvement projects through a strategic, performance-driven process designed to reduce the number of fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads, including local and Tribal roadways—a unique feature of the HSIP, as most other Federal-aid Highway Programs cannot be used on local roads. 

The HSIP establishes the foundation for a successful safety management program in each State, beginning with the Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), a coordinated statewide safety plan that identifies a State's key safety needs and guides investment decisions. A State’s HSIP primarily addresses the infrastructure needs identified in the SHSP and uses data-driven safety analysis to identify highway safety improvement projects. Through Safety Performance Management, States are held accountable, ensuring that their program of highway safety improvement projects meets the safety performance targets established as part of their HSIPs.

HSIP projects come in all shapes and sizes. Some are high-value reconstruction projects, while others consist of low-cost countermeasure installations across multiple sites. Speaking of which, did you know that there are fewer urban projects than rural projects, but the average total cost per project among urban projects is greater than the average total cost per project of the rural projects?  This is just a sample of the many interesting pieces of information that we’ve discovered that improve our understanding of the safety challenge, and others are scattered throughout the issue—a treasure hunt, of sorts. If you want to learn more about how your peers and colleagues across the Nation are using this valuable funding tool to improve road safety, the 2017 HSIP National Summary Report is now available. 

While you hunt for the additional fun facts, take a moment to learn about some other treasures in this issue, all of which support the HSIP. For example, the NHI’s new Safety Data and Analysis Fundamentals course (p. 6) supports the data-driven requirements of the States HSIP. The two safety innovations adopted in Round 5 of the Every Day Counts Initiative (p. 10) address two of the primary infrastructure-related emphasis areas in many States’ SHSPs, and the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center’s newest test bed for vehicle-to-pedestrian technology (p. 14) will identify some of the Highway Safety Improvement Program projects of the future. As always, we encourage you to review our extensive online tools and resources at the Office of Safety web page and leverage these tools to save lives.

**IN MEMORIAM**

**Ray Krammes**

It is with great sadness that we report the passing of our dear colleague and friend, Dr. Ray Krammes, who served as Team Leader of the Safety Data and Analysis Tools Team in the Office of Safety and Technical Director for the Office of Safety R&D. Ray passed away on July 30, 2018, after retiring from a storied 20-year career at FHWA. The recipient of dozens of achievement awards, Ray led the way in developing, managing, and evaluating programs to improve State and local agencies’ safety data systems and analysis capabilities.  He was passionate about using data and analysis to save lives. 

Among his many accomplishments, Ray contributed significantly to the development and implementation of the Highway Safety Manual, including participating in AASHTO and TRB Highway Safety Manual Task Forces; leading the TRB HSM Task Force Software Work Group; and coordinating with AASHTO, NCHRP, and TRB. In addition, it was Ray’s vision and commitment to finding innovative solutions for improving safety that led to the development of the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model.

In addition to his technical and leadership roles, Ray served as a mentor and coach to many safety engineers, specialist and advocates, inside and outside FHWA. “Ray’s brilliant mind was surpassed only by his giant heart,” said Associate Administrator for Safety Beth Alicandri. “He made us all smarter, made everyone feel special and valued, and convinced one and all that we can save lives.  He will be sorely missed.”

**BY THE NUMBERS: SAFETY DATA AND ANALYSIS**

## The Calibrator—Calibrate, Critique, CURE

*By: Frank Gross (VHB), Craig Lyon  (Persaud & Lyon), and Stuart Thompson (FHWA)*

Safety performance functions (SPFs) are integral to  the roadway safety management process and *Highway  Safety Manual* (HSM) predictive method because they project crash frequency  for a given set of site conditions. SPFs are fundamental in several activities: 

- Screening roadway networks to identify sites  with potential for safety improvement.
- Estimating the safety performance of design  alternatives.
- Estimating the safety effects of completed  projects.

These activities are critical components of the  roadway safety management process, the purpose of which is to reduce fatalities  and serious injuries on all public roads. Given the nature of these decisions,  and the value of information from SPFs, it is important to understand the  reliability of an SPF. To help agencies gauge this, the FHWA has developed The  Calibrator, a spreadsheet-based tool to help analysts  calibrate and assess the performance of SPFs. 

### Why Use The Calibrator?

Calibration is  important, because SPFs are produced using data from specific locations and  times. The Calibrator can update (i.e., calibrate) SPFs to reflect local and  temporal conditions.

*The Calibrator’s cumulative residual (CURE) plots help analysts assess how well an SPF fits a range of data. In this example, the SPF is performing relatively well based on the general pattern and the 95 percent confidence interval. The pattern shows the cumulative residuals oscillating above and below zero. The cumulative residuals also remain within the 95 percent confidence limits over most of the range, only exceeding the lower confidence limits for a short range of AADT. The areas outside the confidence limits indicate a poor fit as indicated in the figure. Another notable observation is the sharp increase in the value of cumulative residuals at an AADT of approximately 175,000 vehicles per day. This may indicate the presence of an outlier in the data. Source: FHWA*

*Screenshot of The Calibrator Version 3.0. The updated version of the tool includes capabilities to estimate and assess calibration functions (in addition to calibration factors) and an expanded list of default SPFs for different facility types. Source: FHWA*

SPFs are produced using different functional forms,  which relates to the shape of the SPF. The Calibrator generates cumulative  residual (CURE) plots and provides goodness-of-fit measures to determine how  well the SPF performs over the range of data. 

### Did You Know?

*For more fascinating findings, view the 2017 Highway Safety Improvement Program National Summary Report*

 The target audience for The Calibrator includes those responsible for developing new SPFs or calibrating existing SPFs. Specifically, the tool will help these users:

- Assess the performance of the HSM Predictive Method on local data.
- Assess the performance of the uncalibrated HSM Part C SPFs on local data.
- Assess the performance of SPFs and crash modification factors (CMFs) from other sources on local data.
- Calibrate existing SPFs to local data.
- Calibrate the dispersion parameter of an existing SPF to local data.
- Compare the performance of multiple SPFs.
- Identify the most appropriate SPFs and CMFs to  apply from a list of alternatives.

### Version 3.0 Coming Soon!

Version 3.0 of The Calibrator will add functionality to allow users to estimate and assess calibration functions. A calibration function provides a calibration factor specific to each location. Version 3.0 will also include new SPFs that will be included in the HSM second edition, which is currently under development. The new SPFs are not yet available, but will be added as the research is finalized; stay tuned for SPF updates in fall 2018. The table below summarizes the enhancements (in bold text).

| Version 2.0                                                                                                                                       | Version 3.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     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| Calculates and provides a single calibration factor for each SPF                                                                                  | Calculates and provides a single calibration factor **or a calibration function** for each SPF                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| Calibrates the dispersion parameter as a constant or inverse linear function of segment length                                                    | Calibrates the dispersion parameter as a constant, inverse linear function of segment length, or nonlinear function of segment length                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| Provides goodness-of-fit measures to assess and compare calibration factors between two or more SPFs                                              | Provides goodness-of-fit measures to assess and compare calibration factors **and/or functions** between two or more SPFs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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| Provides default SPFs for the following facility types:	- Rural, 2-lane roads
- Rural, multilane roads
- Urban and suburban arterials
- Freeways | Will provide default SPFs for the following facility types (fall 2018):   - Rural, 2-lane roads
- Rural, multilane roads
- Urban and suburban arterials
- Freeways
- Urban and suburban, 6-lane and one-way arterials
- Updated crash types and crash severities
- New intersection types
- Roundabouts
More Information 
If you are an analyst interested in getting started with The Calibrator, you can visit The  Calibrator information page—where you can download the  software and access a training webinar and a user guide—in the FHWA Roadway Safety  Data and Analysis Toolbox.  If you have additional questions about using the tool, please contact  Stuart Thompson at stuart.thompson@dot.gov

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MIRE FDE and 2.0: What You Need to Know
*By: Robert Pollack, FHWA Office of Safety*
*To assist practitioners, FHWA developed a set of interactive graphic images to depict the MIRE FDEs for each of three roadway categories: segment, intersection, and interchange. By clicking one of the tabs with data element names on them, the user can view the data element name, element definition, and attributes suggested to describe the data element. The roadway graphic visually depicts the element and provides sample information that could be collected to describe that data element within a roadway inventory database.*
If you’re curious about the Model Inventory of  Roadway Elements Version 2.0 (MIRE 2.0) and the MIRE Fundamental Data Elements  (MIRE FDEs), you’re not alone. The FHWA Office of Safety and Office of Safety  Research and Development recently conducted a webinar to provide information  about the release of the MIRE 2.0 and to provide an update on the MIRE FDEs. Entitled  “MIRE FDE and 2.0: What You Need to Know,” the webinar was presented on June 5,  2018, to over 220 participants representing an array of data collectors,  database managers, and data users from Federal, State, and local agencies.

The webinar presented information about MIRE 2.0,  which was released in January 2018. The updated version is now more consistent  with databases such as the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS),  Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program, and Second Strategic Highway  Research Program Roadway Information Database (SHRP2 RID). The webinar  highlighted changes to MIRE 2.0 from MIRE 1.0 including:
- The process that FHWA used in developing MIRE  2.0.
- Changes to the individual MIRE data elements. 
- Changing the format of MIRE 2.0 from MIRE 1.0.

The MIRE FDE portion of the webinar covered key information  pertaining to meeting the MIRE FDE regulation and how States appear to be  progressing towards compliance with the MIRE FDE regulation. This included: 
- Critical dates for MIRE FDE compliance.
- The status of State MIRE FDE strategies.
- Inclusion of an interactive  MIRE FDE graphics application  on the FHWA Office of Safety website.

For those unable to participate in the “MIRE FDE and  2.0: What You Need to Know” webinar, FHWA has posted a link to the webinar so that individuals  can view and hear the webinar.  For more  information on the webinar or any questions pertaining to MIRE 2.0 or MIRE  FDEs, contact Bob Pollack at robert.pollack@dot.gov. 

One agency is using MIRE to look at its systems of record (namely, the linear referencing system, or LRS) with the goal of finding ways to “make things once, then use them a bunch.” To learn more, visit “DDOT Using Centerlines for Safety and Beyond,” by James Graham, GIS and Applications Manager at District Department of Transportation, in FHWA’s GIS in Transportation newsletter.

The author notes that “The [MIRE 1.0] report states unequivocally: simply having high-quality crash data is not enough. Detailed GIS roadway and traffic data are essential elements, enabling a more comprehensive safety data analysis and providing more context and understanding to the entire safety picture.”

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Safety in NumbersGet Up to Speed on Key Safety Data and Analysis Methods
*By: Mary Burke, Marketing Strategist, CHIEF, Inc.*

A new web-based course from the Office of Safety, available from the National Highway Institute (NHI), equips transportation professionals with the knowledge they need to effectively interpret safety data and use it to support critical decision-making efforts. 

By taking part in this innovative online training, participants will learn key safety data types and terms and will walk away with strategies for both identifying data weaknesses and strengthening the way safety data is used in their programs, projects, and communities.

“Data-driven safety analysis has been shown to quantitatively measure and even predict reductions in fatal and serious injury crashes,” said the Office of Safety’s Esther Strawder, who developed the course. “As such, FHWA recently put safety data system requirements in place for States to develop performance-based targets and measures. This course will help States better understand why and how data-driven safety analysis leads to safer roadways for everyone.”

In explaining the course’s unique curriculum model, Strawder noted that, “to help safety professionals get the most from this training, we developed an interactive curriculum that serves targeted content based on participant goals and the role they play in transportation safety.” The NHI’s Safety Data and Analysis Fundamentals (FHWA-NHI-380122A-D) course offers four tracks based on the student’s professional goals and responsibilities:

**Data Analysts** – For professionals in charge of integrating and analyzing datasets—including highway safety engineers, specialists, traffic engineers, highway designers, and technical analysts. This track emphasizes the applicability, uses, strengths, limitations, and requirements of safety data and collection methods, and is a must-make for anyone whose responsibility it is to analyze safety data to identify causes and potential patterns that contribute to crashes and other systemic safety issues.

**Data Collectors** – For professionals responsible for collecting, coding, and managing data to support analysis and decision making. This track emphasizes the ways data collectors support the needs of data analysts and helps managers use data to make strategic, informed decisions about safety priorities. Recommended for law enforcement officers, emergency medical service providers, trauma registrars, driver and vehicle service clerks, roadway data collectors, and anyone responsible for collecting crash, traffic, roadway, behavioral, injury, or other safety data.

**Project/Program Managers** – For transportation professionals responsible for using safety analytics to identify and prioritize safety issues, develop and implement safety countermeasures, and evaluate project/program effectiveness. This track emphasizes the tradeoffs of project alternatives in terms of costs and benefits, including safety impacts of the project/program, as well as the individual components. Recommended for transportation planners, traffic records coordinating committee members, highway safety online directors, and State and local mid-level managers (such as division and district program managers in highway safety, design, traffic, engineering, enforcement, and public health).

**Senior Managers/Safety Advocates** – For anyone looking to bridge the gap between the public and practitioners and who is responsible for developing or influencing policies and practices, setting budgets, allocating resources, and making safety investments. This track emphasizes understanding the needs of data collectors, data managers, and data analysts in terms of equipment, human resources, and organizational structure. Recommended for State and local senior managers, such as division heads/chiefs of transportation, planning, civil engineering, and public health.

From safety advocates to data analysts, make sure the numbers are on your side by registering to learn how safety data can be better leveraged for the public good.

For more information about this course or the Office of Safety’s Safety Data and Analysis program, please contact Esther Strawder at esther.strawder@dot.gov.

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Did You Know?*For more striking snippets, see the 2017 Highway Safety Improvement Program National Summary Report*New Video! Applying, Calibrating, and Developing SPFs
*By: Frank Gross, VHB, and Stuart Thompson, FHWA Office of Safety*

How much do you know about safety performance functions, or SPFs? Did you know you can use SPFs to screen roadways for sites with potential for safety improvement? Did you know you can employ SPFs to estimate and compare the safety performance of design alternatives? SPFs are also critical in using more reliable methods to estimate the safety effects of completed projects. 

If you want to brush up on your knowledge of these versatile functions and learn how you can use them to enhance safety-related decisions, view FHWA’s new training video, Safety Performance Functions—Application, Calibration, and Development. This free, interactive training video is designed to improve your knowledge of SPFs. New to SPFs? The video will provide all the information you need to get started. Familiar with SPFs? This video is still for you, because it will help you to understand the quality of SPFs and decide if it is more appropriate to calibrate existing SPFs or develop new agency-specific SPFs. No matter your level of knowledge, after completing the training, you will be able use SPFs more effectively in the roadway safety management process. 

From start to finish, you can complete the entire training in approximately 60 minutes, covering SPF application, calibration, development, and decision making. The video starts with a brief quiz to find out how much you already know about SPFs and to help you decide which training topics to focus on. The material is conveniently divided into four modules, allowing you to skip around and focus on the desired content. 
*SPFs typically represent a nonlinear relationship between crashes and traffic volume. As shown in this example, SPFs predict crash frequency for a given facility type based on the traffic volume. Source: FHWA*Module 1: SPF Application
The first module covers the basics of SPFs and SPF application. It answers questions such as:
- What are SPFs?
- How do I use SPFs?
- How do I obtain SPFs?

Do you know how to interpret the SPF in the image below? If not, complete Module 1 to learn more, including how to use the results in network screening, project-level design decisions, and safety effectiveness evaluation.
Module 2: SPF Calibration
The second module covers SPF calibration, answering questions such as:
- Why do I need to calibrate SPFs?
- How do I calibrate SPFs?
- What are the limitations of SPF calibration?

If the solid curve in the images below represents the SPF, and the individual points represent your local data, do you know which scenario would be most conducive to calibration? If not, complete Module 2 to learn more, including how to calibrate SPFs and determine if the calibration is satisfactory. This module features an Excel-based tool, The Calibrator (see related story on page 2), that will help you calibrate and assess the reliability of SPFs. 
*SPF calibration is appropriate for shifting the magnitude of predictions up or down. Calibration is not appropriate to change the shape of the SPF. Source: FHWA*Module 3: SPF Development
The third module covers SPF development, answering questions such as:
- How do I develop SPFs?
- What should I consider when developing SPFs? 

Do you know if you can use an SPF for total crashes to estimate the number of crashes by type or severity? Can you use the SPF for one facility type (e.g., rural, four-legged, signalized intersections) to estimate crashes on another facility type (e.g., urban, three-legged, stop-controlled intersections)? What about using the same SPF for network screening and safety effectiveness evaluation? Complete module 3 to learn more, including why the answers to these questions are "yes," "no," and "maybe."
Module 4: SPF Decision Process
The final module covers the SPF decision process, answering the following question:
- Is it more appropriate to calibrate existing SPFs or develop new SPFs?

Do you know what it would take in terms of time and resources to calibrate or develop an SPF? Complete Module 4 to learn how to compare these options in terms of reliability and the typical required resources as shown in the following table. 
**Resource and data requirements for calibrating and developing SPFs**Intended UseProcessSample NeededStaff Hours per SPFData Collection and PreparationStatistical AnalysisNetwork screeningCalibrateMust use entire  network to  be screened. No minimum sample specified.24 to 40n/aNetwork screeningDevelopMust use entire  network to  be screened. Minimum  sample 100-200  intersections or 100-200  miles; at least 300 crashes per year for total group.24 to 408 to 24**Design decisions**Calibrate30-50 sites;  at least 100 crashes per year for total group.150  to 350n/a**Design decisions**Develop100-200  intersections or 100-200 miles; at least 300 crashes per year for total group.450 to  105016 to 40*Source: FHWA, Safety Performance Function Decision Guide: SPF Calibration vs SPF Development, SA-14-004, September 2013.*Related Resources
Throughout the  modules, you will learn about several related resources, including guides,  software, and websites. Primary resources include the SPF  Calibration Guide, The  Calibrator, the SPF  Decision Guide, and the SPF Development  Guide. 

Given the nature of roadway  safety management decisions, and the value of information from SPFs, we hope  that you will complete this one-hour training to enhance your knowledge and  understanding of SPFs. The video will help you identify opportunities to use  SPFs throughout the roadway safety management process, hopefully improving  decisions and more effectively reducing fatalities and serious injuries on all  public roads.

For more information, training, and technical assistance on SPFs,  you can:
- Find additional SPF resources on the  FHWA Roadway Safety  Data and Analysis Toolbox .
- View a recorded webinar on  How  to Use The Calibrator .
- Request technical assistance or training through  the  FHWA  Roadway Safety Data Program .
- Contact  Stuart Thompson at  stuart.thompson@dot.gov . 

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**SUPPORTING THE STATES: FEDERAL AID PROGRAMS**ASAP Update: Eight States Awarded Funding for Safety Projects in FY 2018
*By: Esther Strawder, FHWA Office of Safety*

The Accelerating Safety Activities Program (ASAP)  specifically supports the goal of promoting safety innovation through training,  outreach, and education focusing on roadway departure, intersection,  pedestrian, and bicycle safety. The program also promotes partnerships between  the FHWA, State and local transportation agencies, and Local and Tribal  Technical Assistance Programs. Currently, ASAP funding is limited to the 23  States that are eligible to participate in the Focused Approach  to Safety. 

The Office of Safety awarded ASAP funding in the  amount of $164,103 to 11 projects from 8 States for FY 2018. FHWA received a  total of 13 proposals, which were evaluated by a technical panel and ranked  based on their merit. The recipient States also contributed at least 20 percent  of their own funds, bringing the total investmentor the  projects up to $244,248. This is the twelfth consecutive year in which ASAP is  assisting States with implementing innovations in safety. 

An announcement for the FY 2019 round of ASAP will  be sent out in February. For more information on the ASAP program, please  contact Esther Strawder at esther.strawder@dot.gov. 
*ASAP funding was awarded to a total of 11 projects from 8 States for FY 2018. Source: FHWA*
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**SAFETY FOCUS AREA: VULNERABLE ROAD USERS**Two Safety Innovations Take the Stage in EDC-5One for an Encore Performance
*By: Cate Satterfield and Becky Crowe, FHWA Office of Safety*

According to national traffic data  from the U.S. Department of Transportation, severe and fatal crashes are on the rise across the country, increasing 5.6 percent from 2015 to 2016. 

 Two crash types in particular pose a significant challenge – those  resulting from roadway lane departures and pedestrian-involved incidents. In  fact, these two crash types combined account for more than 65 percent of  roadway fatalities nationwide. 

To help reduce these crashes, the  fifth round of the FHWA Every Day Counts (EDC-5)  program includes innovations dedicated to helping State and local agencies  address these crash types. 

The Reducing Rural Roadway Departures  innovation is new for EDC-5 and the Safe Transportation for Every Pedestrian  (STEP) effort was so successful in EDC-4 that it was selected to continue in  round 5. The deployment teams that support these innovations will spend the  next 2 years promoting proven safety countermeasures and best practices to help  reduce these crash types through technical assistance, outreach, training, and  more.
*A rural curve with multiple low-cost roadway departure countermeasures applied. Source: FHWA*Reducing Rural Roadway Departures
In 2016, 18,590 lives were lost on rural roads—more  than half of all traffic deaths—even though only 19 percent of the U.S.  population lived in  rural areas. However, substantial safety improvements can be  difficult to make because of the sheer size of the rural road network. There  are almost three million miles of rural roadway in America, accounting for approximately 70 percent of public  road mileage. That network is most often operated by local agencies with  limited resources in safety analysis or planning.

Two-thirds of all rural roadway  fatalities involve a roadway departure,  where a vehicle crosses a center line, an edge line, or leaves the traveled way  where there are no pavement markings. But with so many miles of rural roadways,  it can be difficult to select the locations where applying roadway departure  countermeasures will do the most good. 

The Reducing Rural Roadway  Departures innovation includes multiple analysis, diagnostic,  and countermeasure selection tools that can help agencies identify areas on  their network that are at highest risk for rural roadway departures.  Practitioners can then systemically apply safety treatments that mitigate these  crashes and are in sync with their State's Strategic Highway Safety Plan  (SHSP). 
Did You Know?*For more intriguing information, view the 2017 Highway Safety Improvement Program National Summary Report*
For example, no agency can afford  to widen or pave shoulders on its entire roadway network, but a rural district  of a State department of transportation (DOT) may find that widening shoulders  at the highest risk curves results in an extremely high benefit-cost ratio.  Edge lines have shown crash reductions on roads with traffic volumes as low as  400 vehicles per day, but a rural County may only be able to maintain edge  lines on a small portion of its roads. In this case, the agency can still  expect to see improved safety if edge lines are systemically applied to areas  of high risk for roadway departure. 

Roadway departure countermeasures  that can be applied systemically include:
- Signing and markings to delineate lane edges and  alignment changes, helping drivers navigate.
- Rumble  strips  to alert drowsy and distracted drivers drifting from  their lane.
- Friction  treatments at curves  or other at-risk locations to reduce  loss of control.
- Shoulders,  the  SafetyEdge SM,  and clear zones to provide opportunities for a safe recovery when drivers leave  the roadway.
- Crashworthy  roadside  hardware  to help reduce the severity of roadway departure  crashes.

This initiative seeks to help rural  districts in State DOTs as well as regional planning organizations and rural  local agencies to analyze which countermeasures will be most effective in  improving the safety of their roadways, where to apply those countermeasures,  and how to apply them effectively.
Safe Transportation for Every Pedestrian (STEP)
In 2016, the Nation  witnessed the most pedestrian fatalities since 1990, with pedestrians accounting  for approximately 16 percent of all roadway fatalities (5,987). The vast  majority of these deaths (72 percent) occurred while people  crossed a roadway at mid-block (or other locations away from intersections),  while 18 percent of these fatalities occurred at intersections. 

By focusing on both urban and rural  pedestrian crossing locations, agencies can comprehensively address a  significant national safety problem and improve the quality of life for  pedestrians of all ages and abilities. The STEP innovation deployment team will promote and help agencies implement the  following cost-effective countermeasures. These countermeasures can also be applied  using a systemic approach to reduce these crashes and bring measured safety  benefits at uncontrolled and signalized pedestrian crossing locations.
*Mid-block pedestrian crossing location with crosswalk visibility enhancements. Photo courtesy of VHB.*- Rectangular rapid flash beacons  (RRFBs) are active (user-actuated) or passive (automated detection) amber LEDs  that use an irregular flash pattern. They can be placed at mid-block or  uncontrolled crossing locations and significantly increase driver yielding  behavior. 
- Leading pedestrian intervals  (LPIs) at signalized intersections allow pedestrians to walk—usually 3 to 4  seconds—before vehicles get a green signal to turn left or right. The LPI  increases visibility for pedestrians, reduces conflicts, and improves vehicular  yielding.
- Road diets  can reduce vehicle speeds  and the number of lanes pedestrians cross, and they can create space to add new  pedestrian facilities such as pedestrian crossings and refuge islands.
- Pedestrian  hybrid beacons  (PHBs) provide positive stop control in areas  with high pedestrian traffic volumes. The PHB is an intermediate option between  a flashing beacon and a full pedestrian signal.
- Pedestrian  crossing/refuge islands  allow pedestrians a safer place to  stop at the midpoint of the roadway before crossing the remaining distance. This is particularly  helpful for older pedestrians or pedestrians with limited mobility. 
- Raised  crosswalks  can serve as a traffic calming measure and reduce  vehicle speeds.
- Crosswalk  visibility enhancements , such as crosswalk lighting and  enhanced signage and markings, help drivers detect pedestrians—particularly at  night.
- With more and more drivers and pedestrians on  the roads every year, and roadway fatalities on the rise, now is a key time to  address two of our most persistent roadway safety issues. 

For more information about the Reducing  Rural Roadway Departures innovation, please contact Cate Satterfield at cathy.satterfield@dot.gov.  For more information about the STEP innovation, please contact Becky Crowe at rebecca.crowe@dot.gov. To  learn about the full series of EDC-5 innovations, please visit the EDC-5  web page.

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Interim Approval of RRFB Brings Updated Pedestrian Resources...and a Few New Ones, Too!
*By: Becky Crowe, FHWA Office of Safety*

Transportation and safety  professionals now have  access to updated  guidance to improve pedestrian safety at uncontrolled crossings. FHWA recently  updated the *Guide  for Improving Pedestrian Safety at Uncontrolled Crossing Locations* and posted additional resources through the Safe  Transportation for Every Pedestrian (STEP) program. The newest  resources include guidance for considering the Rectangular Rapid-Flashing  Beacon (RRFB), since FHWA issued a new Interim  Approval (IA-21) for the device in March 2018. Research has shown  that the RRFB can increase instances of motorists yielding to pedestrians at  marked crosswalks by rates as high as 98 percent, and may reduce pedestrian  crashes by 47 percent. 
*Rendering of a pedestrian crossing from FHWA's new RRFB Tech Sheet.*
Transportation planners and  designers began consulting the FHWA *Guide  for Improving**Pedestrian Safety at  Uncontrolled Crossing Locations*when it was first released in January 2018.  The Guide is a tool for selecting countermeasure options based on roadway  conditions and noted safety issues, and it is an important supplement to  previous pedestrian safety research. The updated version incorporates the RRFB  into tables that assist with countermeasure selection and text that further  explains special considerations for installation. The Guide explains that State  and local agencies must request and receive permission from FHWA, through  IA-21, before installing the RRFB.

The*Guide for Improving Pedestrian Safety at Uncontrolled Crossing  Locations* also clarifies the conditions where certain countermeasures (such  as high-visibility crosswalk markings) should be installed in conjunction with  other pedestrian safety improvements. For example, at multi-lane roadway  crossings with high traffic volumes (i.e., >10,000), a marked crosswalk is  supplemented with more substantial improvements like a PHB or pedestrian refuge  island to improve pedestrian safety. 

In  addition to updates to the Guide, the STEP  "tech sheets" now include the RRFB. These  tech sheets, which also describe considerations for installing crosswalk  visibility enhancements, pedestrian refuge islands, raised crosswalks, and Road  Diets, provide information to transportation planners, traffic safety  engineers, and other decisionmakers about the safety benefits and design  considerations for the STEP countermeasures. Each tech sheet is a two-page,  full-color summary that includes example illustrations, cost estimates, and  safety statistics. 

FHWA has also prepared a  series of case studies and videos to describe how the STEP counter­measures  have been installed nationwide. The case studies highlight policies and installation examples by 10 local and State  agencies. For example, one case study describes the safety benefits noted from  Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (PHBs) installed in Tampa, Florida. The five videos  illustrate the importance of installing countermeasures, such as raised crosswalks  and Road Diets, along roadways with uncontrolled crossing locations. The videos  showcase local experts and community champions involved in improving pedestrian  safety. 

In addition, FHWA is releasing new complementary guidance  for when and where to consider marking crosswalks—a decision that is the  foundation for installing other countermeasures. This guidance emphasizes the  role that crosswalks play in completing pedestrian networks, establishing  visible crossings, and supporting other pedestrian crossing improvements. The  document also corrects crosswalk marking "myths" and helps transportation and  safety professionals plan for, design, and improve crosswalks. 

For more information, visit the FHWA Office of  Safety's STEP web page or contact Becky Crowe at rebecca.crowe@dot.gov*.*

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FHWA Works To Establish New Test Bed For Vehicle To Pedestrian Technology
*By: Karen Timpone, FHWA Office of Safety, and Mafruhatul Jannat, Stephanie Roldan, and Stacy Balk, Leidos*

Incidents involving pedestrians and bicyclists comprise a  large proportion of traffic fatalities. In 2016, pedestrian and bicyclist  fatalities accounted for 18 percent of total traffic fatalities with nearly  7000 deaths occurring that year. Based on the data available to us, we know  that dangerous vehicle-pedestrian conflicts tend to occur more frequently under  conditions in which the pedestrian is difficult to detect, such as in crowded  urban settings and under low visibility. 
*Pedestrian and bicyclist crashes most commonly occur during these four scenarios. Source: FHWA.*
One possible means of mitigating the risk associated with  these conflicts is the use of external sensors and communication devices  capable of detecting and communicating the presence of at-risk pedestrians or  bicyclists to vehicles and drivers. The recent surge of connected vehicle  technology has led to the development of vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) systems  that show great potential for improving the safety of vulnerable road users  through augmented sensors and communications. These systems take many forms and  include a variety of methods such as radar and LIDAR sensors, optical cameras,  and direct wireless communications. 

In an attempt to leverage this proliferation of new  technologies to improve pedestrian safety, FHWA initiated a project to  conceptualize the first phase of a two-phase effort: to identify V2P systems  currently available on the consumer market and to assess their capabilities  with a focus on real-world implementation. Now that phase one is completed, a  V2P test bed at Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC) is under  development to execute phase two; the expected completion date for this next  phase is early 2019. 

Pedestrian incident reports indicate that pedestrian and  bicyclist incidents frequently occur in one of four scenarios: pedestrian  making a perpendicular crossing as the vehicle travels straight, turns left, or  turns right, and pedestrian traveling adjacent to the vehicle (as in the case  of bicyclists passing along the side of the vehicle). These test cases were  included in the assessment plan to evaluate system safety effectiveness. 

As part of phase one, the study team performed a technology  scan to identify all known V2P technologies, resulting in a detailed database  of a wide variety of systems. The technology scan revealed that, out of 80 V2P  products identified, very few were market-ready and accessible to the public.  Based on the common features of available products, a general assessment plan  was developed to target key system functionalities, including accuracy and  reliability of detection, user interface, and response selection following  detection. Factors related to user accessibility such as market readiness and  institutional and infrastructure requirements were also included in the  assessment plan, as these components were thought to be essential for achieving  potential safety benefits.

The study team decided that each of the three to five  systems to be evaluated would be tested in multiple trials over a selection of  various speeds, with specific measurements tailored to each system's  functionality. Systems eligible for testing would be required to perform in at  least one of the four defined test case scenarios, provide some measurable  communication output delivered to the driver/vehicle or pedestrian/bicyclist,  and function within the environment provided. Using these criteria, and due to  funding restrictions, a single V2P system was selected and procured for testing  at TFHRC to develop an assessment approach and determine the capabilities of  the test bed. Preliminary results will be presented that support the  feasibility of the assessment approach and reveal several limitations of  current V2P technology; for example, known situations in which V2P technologies  are non-functional will include low-light or nighttime conditions, periods of low  visibility (e.g., fog), when vehicles are traveling more than 31 mph, or when  cameras are in direct sunlight. Three more market-ready V2P systems have been  identified and will be tested using this assessment approach to evaluate their  safety effectiveness. FHWA anticipates that using the new test bed to assess  multiple systems will be helpful in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of  existing V2P technologies and may be used to guide the development of future  V2P systems that maximize road user safety. 

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MAC in Action and Addressing Motorcycle Fatalities Head On
*By: Guan Xu, FHWA Office of Safety*

**Per vehicle  miles traveled in 2016, motorcyclist fatalities occurred nearly 28 times more frequently  than passenger car occupant fatalities in traffic crashes.**
*Source:  NHTSA, Traffic Safety Facts, 2016 Data: Motorcycles. DOT HS 812 492. February 2018.*
Over the last 20 years,  the number of motorcycle-related fatalities has increased significantly, from  2,116 in 1997 to 4,576 in 2005 and rising to 5,286 in 2016, an overall increase  of 250 percent. To address this safety issue, Congress, through Section 1426 of  the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), authorized the Secretary of  Transportation to establish a Motorcyclist Advisory Council (MAC) to provide  advice and make recommendations concerning infrastructure issues related to  motorcyclist safety including barrier design; road design, construction, and  maintenance practices; and the architecture and implementation of intelligent transportation system  technologies. The MAC is administered through FHWA.
Did You Know?*If you find these results riveting, check out the 2017 Highway Safety Improvement Program National Summary Report*
Following the requirements  provided in FACA and with the approval of the Secretary, the MAC Charter was  created, and a 10-member MAC was established on July 28, 2017. Since then, MAC  has held two meetings, both of which were announced in advance in the *Federal Register* and were open to the  public. The most recent MAC meeting was held on Thursday, June 7, 2018 via web  conferencing, and a total of 36 people attended the meeting, including 10 MAC  members. 

During the 4-hour meeting, the attendees first heard  three presentations that delivered information covering the latest research on  infrastructure-based motorcycle crash countermeasures, an investigation of  roadside barrier concepts to mitigate motorcycle injuries to riders who are  vertical upon impact, and the results of a review of State Strategic Highway  Safety Plans that outlined actions that States are planning to improve  motorcycle safety. Following each of these presentations, MAC members and other  attendees discussed the information presented and exchanged ideas for actions  MAC members should research for follow up. MAC members also discussed goals and  next steps as to how the MAC would proceed with developing final  recommendations on infrastructure-based safety solutions to USDOT. Meeting  minutes with detailed information from this second MAC meeting will be posted  on the FHWA MAC webpage.

Members tentatively agreed to hold the third MAC meeting, which will  be held in-person in approximately 6 months, likely in December 2018, in the  Washington, DC area. An announcement for the meeting will be posted in the *Federal Register* around mid-November  2018.

For  more information about the MAC or its activities, please contact Guan Xu at guan.xu@dot.gov.

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**STATE OF THE PRACTICE: UPDATES FROM STATES AND LOCALITIES**Variable Speed Limits, Ramp Metering, & Part-Time Shoulder Use in Maine
*By: Wayne R. Emington P.E., FHWA Maine Division*

In 2010, MaineDOT published  the I-295  Corridor Study to evaluate  the long-term needs of the I-295 corridor between Scarborough and Brunswick and make recommendations for  safe and reliable transportation. Eight years later, prompted by increases in  crashes, decreases in reliability, and the availability of new transportation  technologies, MaineDOT has updated this study. The update is a technical  analysis of I-295 between Scarborough and Brunswick focused on improving safety  and reliability with short-term, mid-term, and long-term recommendations. As a  part of the update, a broad range of strategies to manage speed, harmonize  traffic flow, and improve safety at merge areas were analyzed, including variable  speed limits, ramp metering, and part-time shoulder use.

The research conducted as part of the updated I-295 Corridor Study  focused on examining new congestion-mitigating mechanisms and proven speed  management approaches and technologies now available to assist State DOTs in  establishing safe speeds, because effective speed management programs have a  direct link to reduced crashes on higher speed facilities. In reviewing FHWA's Guidelines  for the Use of Variable Speed Limit Systems in Wet Weather, and FHWA's Synthesis  of Variable Speed Limit Signs,  MaineDOT recognized that the use of VSL has potential safety and reliability  benefits. The agency also realized that VSL systems have been deployed widely in  the United States (for congestion-based active traffic management, work zones,  and in response to severe weather events). In reviewing FHWA's Ramp  Metering Website and Guide  for Planning, Evaluating, and Designing Part-Time Shoulder Use as a Traffic  Management Strategy,  MaineDOT realized that ramp metering and part-time shoulder use have  reliability and safety benefits as well.
**Strategies and Safety Improvements Analyzed for the I-295 Corridor Study**StrategiesCharacteristicsSafety ImprovementsAuxiliary Lanes- Relatively  low cost
- Targeted  toward specific interchange ramps or  short highway segments
- For improved efficiency and safety at on-ramps and off-ramps
- Increase  acceleration and/or deceleration lengths at interchange ramp junctions, reducing the number of conflicts  between slower moving and faster moving vehicles 
- Install  auxiliary lanes between closely spaced interchanges, allowing entering traffic  to accelerate to the proper speed before merging.
- Install pull-off areas for law enforcement and emergency stops
Intelligent  Transportation Systems (ITS)- Relatively  low cost
- Applies  corridor-wide or to portion of the  corridor
- For improved efficiency of existing facilities
- Reliable  travel time information in advance of major interstate decision points to avoid  last-minute maneuvers that can result in crashes
- Install  ramp metering at critical on-ramps to  smooth flow during peak periods
- Safety/service patrols
- Variable speed limits to smooth flow and reduce  severe congestion-related crashes
Interchange Improvement- Major improvements at specific interchanges
- Ramp reconfigurations  to facilitate safer vehicle movements

Although  MaineDOT discovered several innovations and approaches during the research  phase, the agency determined that it needed to learn more from its peers before  including specific recommendations in the update to the I-295 study. As a  result, the agency reached out to the Maine FHWA Division Office for technical  assistance. MaineDOT was interested in understanding the lessons other State DOT's  had learned from their deployments. Working with the local FHWA Safety &  Operations Engineer, MaineDOT successfully pursued three separate avenues of  technical assistance:
- State Transportation Innovation Council  (STIC) Project –  In 2017, MaineDOT proposed to use STIC funds to  provide training and develop standard operating procedures to implement new  operational strategies. The proposal was approved by the  Maine  State Transportation Innovation Council  in November 2017. Work to  develop standard operating procedures, technical guidance, decision matrices, a  public outreach plan, training for internal/external partners, and an implement­tation  plan is planned for 2018 and 2019.
- VSL Peer Exchange with WSDOT –  To gain the experience of seeing a VSL  deployment firsthand, MaineDOT wanted to visit a successful deployment in  another state. Working with staff having technical experience with VSL in  FHWA's Office of Transportation Management (HOTM), a short list of potential  locations was developed and  Washington  State  was determined to be the best choice for MaineDOT. A series of  conference calls between WSDOT, the FHWA Washington Division Office, HOTM,  MaineDOT and the Maine Division led to a collaboratively developed peer  exchange agenda that included presentations, a transportation management center  (TMC) observation during operational periods, a field tour of area deployments,  an in-depth tour of the TMC during off-peak hours, and a roundtable discussion.
- Multi-State Speed Management/VSL Peer  Exchange –  In collaboration  with technical experts from both HOTM and HSST, a peer exchange on speed  management was held at the Maine Turnpike on April 24th and 25th.  A Participants were solicited based on geographic location, interest in VSL,  and experience level with VSL to ensure a broad range of experiences were represented.  Participants included representatives from transportation agencies in WA, MN,  MI, ME, CO, SC, NJ, VT, CT, NH, and UT. The event structure included presentations,  a field tour of the corridor of potential deployment (I-295), a Maine Turnpike  TMC tour, and a Strengths/Weaknesses/Opportunities/ Threats exercise  culminating in a State action plan. A  pre-event webinar  was provided to ensure participants had a base level of understanding and were  aware of available FHWA resources.
Lessons Learned
The results of the technical assistance have proven valuable  as MaineDOT seeks to improve safety on the I-295 corridor. Some of the lessons  learned from this experience include the following:
- VSL can be an important component of a larger advanced  transportation demand management (ATDM) strategy or an independent system.
- VSL can have safety and/or reliability benefits  depending on circumstances (adverse weather, heavy traffic, unplanned events  such as traffic incidents).
- VSL systems should only be deployed when  identified as a strategy that supports corridor goals.
- VSL deployment should follow the systems  engineering process to clearly identify and communicate objectives,  requirements, and anticipated costs/benefits.
- It is important to include law enforcement  partners early to discuss concerns and processes for enforcing the VSL system,  if enforcement is required.
- VSL systems can have a valuable end-of-queue  warning effect for travelers, which may lead to fewer rear-end crashes.
- When calculating the system's cost, maintenance,  operations, staffing, evaluations, and end-of-life replacement costs must be  considered.
- VSL systems may be less suitable in areas with  high traffic volume and closely spaced interchanges, but ramp metering may be  advantageous in those areas.

Potential synergies exist when deploying both VSL  and Part-Time Shoulder  Use systems together, and additional research on that topic may be  beneficial.
 Next Steps
The June 2018 update  to the I-295 Corridor Study includes short-term, mid-term, and  long-term recommendations. The next step for MaineDOT is to finish drafting a  larger scope (statewide) ITS strategic plan. After learning about the important  role such a guiding document can play in VSL and ATDM deployment, and after  seeing examples from peer agencies, MaineDOT is aiming to complete this plan in  October 2018. 

In addition, now having a better understanding of  how VSL can fit into a State's transportation systems management and operations  (TSM&O) efforts, MaineDOT is also considering developing a TSM&O  strategic plan to complement the ITS strategic plan. Through the STIC project,  MaineDOT will develop standard operating procedures, technical guidance,  decision matrices, a public outreach plan, and/or an implementation plan for  the use of VSL and other ATDM strategies as needed throughout 2018 and 2019.

Finally, the FHWA Maine Division worked with FHWA to  bring a workshop on part-time shoulder use and ramp metering to Maine on July  18, 2018. A peer exchange follow up webinar will be held in fall 2018.

For more information about MaineDOT's experience and  future directions, please contact Wayne Emington at wayne.emington@dot.gov.

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Local Road Safety Plans Made Simple
*By: Hillary Isebrands, FHWA Resource Center – Safety and Design Technical Services Team, and Jerry Roche, FHWA Office of Safety*

People hear the words  "Local Road Safety Plan," and they start to think that it needs to include  rigorous analysis, have lots of pages, take a lot of time, or that they need a  consultant to write it. But the truth is, LRSPs are scalable and, often,  starting with plan as short as 10 or 15 pages that can be enhanced over time is  the best way to gain experience and perspective. 

To address local agency  concerns about how much time, effort, and cost may be involved in developing an  LRSP, the FHWA Data Driven Safety Analysis (DDSA) Team developed an LRSP video to give a  brief overview of why LRSPs can be important and to explain how easy the  four-step process is.
*A screenshot from FHWA's new LRSP video illustrates the key steps for putting together an LRSP.*
The simple video, which runs just under 2.5 minutes,  explains that all an agency needs to get started is a small group of stakeholders—from  law enforcement, EMS, public health and elected officials, for example. And an  agency doesn't need comprehensive data to create an effective plan, either.  Data sources can include crash data, maintenance logs, details of safety  audits, and even traffic violations. Then, the stakeholder team selects proven,  low-cost countermeasures to address these locations—for example, placing chevrons at a subset of an agency's curves or a installing a leading  pedestrian interval at certain signalized intersections.  Finally, the solutions are implemented to reduce crashes and fatalities on  local roads. One way this has been accomplished is by bundling the application  of multiple countermeasures into one project, even including locations within  multiple agencies. And, local agencies don't need to wait to develop  improvement projects; many strategies can be undertaken by maintenance and  enforcement partners in short order. 

FHWA developed the video in partnership with the  National Association of County Engineers (NACE) and the National Local  Technical Assistance Program Association. Both groups provided feedback on the  video and are using it to promote safety within their own programs and initiatives.  In fact, as part of the Every Day Counts Round 4 initiative, the DDSA team  partnered with NACE on a pilot project to help 25 counties in California,  Colorado, Florida, Nevada, Ohio, and Wisconsin develop LRSPs (see related story in the spring 2018 issue of *Safety  Compass*). The video was developed with the first group of NACE pilot  counties in mind, and was debuted with them to determine whether it was  effective. At present, the DDSA team is identifying States and corresponding  counties for a second round of the pilot as well.

For more information on the Local  Road Safety Plan initiative, or  to find out more about how to develop an LRSP for your community, contact Jerry  Roche at jerry.roche@dot.gov. 

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**NEW RESOURCE ROUNDUP**New Guide Helps Local, Regional Practitioners Achieve Zero Deaths Vision
*By: Chimai Ngo, FHWA Office of Safety*

As an increasing number of local and regional transportation agencies  across the country are committing to the vision of eliminating traffic  fatalities and serious injuries on their roadways, many local agencies and  metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are developing and implementing  their own transportation safety plans. To assist these and the many others that are  considering adopting the same vision, FHWA is pleased to share a new resource, *Transportation Safety Planning and the Zero  Deaths Vision: A Guide for Metropolitan Planning Organizations and Local  Communities*, which will be available in September on the Transportation Safety Planning web page.

This  Guide is designed to assist MPOs, local communities, and stakeholders in using the  safety planning process to work toward the zero deaths vision. It provides a  step-by-step process to develop, implement, and evaluate a regional or local  safety plan and highlights noteworthy practices. The Guide also presents safety  considerations necessary in the safety planning process in order to reach the  zero deaths goal. In addition, it offers suggestions on how safety  practitioners can engage in safety planning efforts, analyze data, set goals  and targets to facilitate performance-based planning, identify strategies to  address safety challenges, prepare a document that presents the plan, and  evaluate the effectiveness of the plan. 

The  most important lesson in the Guide, however, is that together, we can save  lives!

For  more information on how Transportation Safety Planning can help your locality  or MPO reduce traffic fatalities, please contact Chimai Ngo at chimai.ngo@dot.gov.

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Taking the Guesswork Out of Assessing Injury Severity
*By: Danielle Betkey, FHWA  Office of Safety*

Let's imagine for a moment that you are a law enforcement officer on the scene of a single vehicle crash. You observe that the driver of the vehicle has a head wound that is bleeding profusely. As you complete the crash report, you suspect that the driver's injuries are serious and document accordingly. However, after emergency medical services personnel evaluate the driver, the head wound turns out to just be a minor cut. Some wounds, particularly head wounds, tend to bleed more, but that does not necessarily mean it is a serious injury. So how do you classify this injury? And why does assessing the severity of an injury—and accurately and consistently reporting it—matter? 
*Click on the embedded link to view a training video that provides the MMUCC, 4th Edition injury types for reporting suspected serious injuries using the new standardized definition for serious injuries.*
Transportation safety  professionals, law enforcement, and healthcare practitioners use crash data to  help identify and solve critical highway safety issues. An estimated 2.5  million people are injured in motor vehicle crashes on our Nation's roadways  every year. Traffic injuries represent a significant loss to individuals and  society. However, many States report serious injuries using different coding  conventions and definitions. For example, one State might classify any  individual who is transported to a hospital as having a suspected serious  injury (regardless of the type of injury sustained), while another State might  classify an injury as a suspected serious injury only if an individual is  transported to a trauma center. Therefore, due to this inconsistent reporting,  the Nation's serious injury trends are challenging to compare and analyze. 

But that is all about to  change. In response to the need to improve serious injury reporting, the FHWA  and NHTSA established a single, national definition for reporting serious  injuries. The definition will aid in aligning injury classification systems and  injury coding nationwide for reporting and analysis. The definition is codified  in FHWA's Safety  Performance Management Measures Final Rule (23 CFR 490) and NHTSA's  Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grants Program Interim Final Rule  (23 CFR 1300). These Final Rules require that serious injuries be  reported using the *Model Minimum Uniform Crash  Criteria (MMUCC) 4th Edition* definition and attribute for "*Suspected  Serious Injury (A)*" as defined in the "P5. Injury Status" person data  element. While States are required to comply with this regulation beginning  April 15, 2019, it is recommended that they adopt the new definition by January  1, 2019, to have a complete and consistent crash data file for the entire 2019  calendar year.

So, thinking back to the  single vehicle crash scenario, how would a law enforcement officer know whether  an injury was serious or not when completing the crash report? The officer  could ask an emergency medical professional and/or refer to the MMUCC  definition that defines a "Suspected  Serious Injury (A)" as any injury other than fatal which results in  one or more of the following:
- Severe laceration resulting in exposure of  underlying tissues/muscle/organs or resulting in significant loss of blood.
- Broken or distorted extremity (arm or leg).
- Crush injuries.
- Suspected skull, chest or abdominal injury other  than bruises or minor lacerations.
- Significant burns (second and third degree burns  over 10 percent or more of the body).
- Unconsciousness when taken from the crash scene.
- Paralysis.

Crash reports are the main  source of injury data that can be linked directly to the crash scene, so  accurate and consistent injury classification on the crash report is important.  What does the serious injury reporting requirement mean for States? To be  considered compliant with the regulation, each State must ensure the following  requirements are met:

*The statewide crash database accurately aggregates the MMUCC 4th  Edition injury status attribute for "Suspected Serious Injury (A)";*
- The State crash database, crash data  dictionary, and crash report user manual employs the terminology and  definitions for the MMUCC 4th 
- Edition  injury status attribute for "Suspected Serious Injury (A)";
- The  police crash report employs the MMUCC 4th Edition injury status attribute for  "Suspected Serious Injury (A)"; and
- The  seven serious injury types specified in the injury status attribute for  "Suspected Serious Injury (A)" are not included in any of the other attributes  listed in the States' injury status data elements. 
*FHWA, in partnership with NHTSA, created a quick reference card for law enforcement officers to help them identify suspected serious injuries.*
The adoption of the "Suspected Serious Injury (A)" definition and  attribute by April 15, 2019, will greatly improve the accuracy of serious  injury reporting nationwide. It will help safety professionals to better assess  highway safety issues and determine effective strategies and countermeasures to  reduce such injuries in the future and save lives. Safety is the top priority  at FHWA and NTHSA, and this new requirement will help move us one step closer  to the goal of reducing traffic injuries and fatalities on our Nation's  roadways. 
Did You Know?*For more striking statistics, see the 2017 Highway Safety Improvement Program National Summary Report*
State personnel should keep in mind that many  stakeholders need to be involved to achieve compliance with the new serious  injury reporting requirement, some of which include the State department of  transportation (DOT), State highway safety office, and law enforcement  agencies—all of which play a key role. Additional stakeholders may also include  traffic records coordinating committee members and State DOT administrators.

FHWA and NHTSA developed  several resources to help States and law enforcement understand the new serious  injury definition. These resources include the following:
- NEW!  Serious  Injury Reporting Planning Tool
- Serious  Injury Reporting Fact Sheet
- MMUCC  Serious Injury Reporting Video
- MMUCC  Serious Injury PowerPoint Presentation
- Serious Injury  Reporting Visor Card
- FHWA Safety  Performance Management webpage

For more information on the new definition  for serious injuries, please contact Danielle Betkey at danielle.betkey@dot.gov. 

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**LEARNING TOGETHER**FHWA Offers New Web-based Training for Roadway Lighting
*By: Joseph Cheung P.E., FHWA Office of Safety*
Did You Know?*Based on a sample of 2017 HSIP projects, FHWA estimates that the **benefits of the HSIP outweigh the costs on a scale ranging from 5.3 to 9.8**. For more fascinating findings, see the 2017 Highway Safety Improvement Program National Summary Report*
The advent  of light-emitting diode (LED) has initiated a major transition in the  way agencies are approaching and using roadway lighting. LEDs offer the  potential for savings in  energy and maintenance costs, improved visibility, and easier control of lighting intensity.  However, along with these potential advantages, questions have  also arisen about the possibility of increased glare, light pollution, and impacts on human circadian  rhythms.

 In recent years, many transportation agencies have begun to experience a lack of "in-house" expertise about  lighting design due to retirements or personnel reassignments. To address  this knowledge gap, and to help  answer agency questions about how and when to use new lighting technologies  such as LEDs, FHWA developed a new  training course entitled "Web-based  FHWA Roadway Lighting Workshop," which is now available as a  web-based, on-demand training program. The course is based on a combination of  guidance from the *Roadway Lighting  Handbook* as well as a series of  workshops held around the country and other, more recent technical advancements  on roadway lighting design.

FHWA is  now offering no-cost, web-based training to help  practitioners get a refresher on the basics of nighttime lighting concepts and to  learn about the latest technologies for safely and effectively lighting  roadways at night. 

Other  topics include basic terminology, practices for determining whether and how lighting should be  installed and controlled, measurement  issues, and more.

The  course is divided into four modules to enable practitioners to view each module  in convenient one-hour periods: 
- Module  1: Overview of Roadway Lighting Design 
- Module  2 Lighting Hardware Design and Light Source Considerations for Roadway Lighting 
- Module  3: Street and Roadway Lighting  Design 
- Module  4: Special Topics (including Lighting Equipment  Location, Special Locations, Ambient Environments, and Spectral Effects) 
*Screenshot from FHWA's new web-based roadway lighting training, which provides an overview of nighttime lighting workshops.*
Individuals who complete this course will gain a greater understanding of the basics of roadway lighting, its potential benefits, and how decisions are made regarding its installation. They will also  learn about the technology and hardware used in roadway lighting and adaptive control systems and be able to take into consideration the criteria and calculations that underlie roadway lighting design and measurement. They will be equipped to address special situations, like the level and type of lighting needed for crosswalks and roundabouts and how to address visual perception issues and light pollution. They will also gain insight into the possible impacts of lighting on human circadian rhythms.

The primary intended  audience for this training includes traffic safety engineers from  transportation agencies whose responsibilities include making design decisions  about roadways and roadway safety systems, those who work with the public and  communicate about agency decisions regarding roadway lighting, and lighting  contractors for the design and specification of roadway lighting systems. The  initial module may also be of interest to the general public wishing to learn  more about roadway lighting.

This web-based training is  openly available free of charge. We urge you to take the "Web-based FHWA  Roadway Lighting Workshop" to improve your understanding of the many important  elements that should be taken into account when designing, installing, and  maintaining roadway lighting. For more information about this course or FHWA's Nighttime  Visibility initiative, please contact Joseph Cheung at joseph.cheung@dot.gov. 

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National Peer Exchange Focuses on Sharing Notable State DDSA Practices 
*By: Jerry Roche, FHWA Office of Safety, and Betsey Tramonte, FHWA Louisiana Division*

Over the last few years, many States have increased their use of tools to quantify the safety impacts of  project investment decisions, which is the primary concept behind FHWA's Data-Driven  Safety Analysis (DDSA) initiative—promoted as an Every Day Counts Round 4  (EDC-4) innovation. The mission of the DDSA Initiative is to integrate safety  performance into all highway investment decisions with the ultimate goal of  reducing fatal and serious injury crashes. To share these noteworthy advances,  FHWA and the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) Implementation Pooled Fund hosted a  large peer exchange entitled "DDSA Applications in Performance-Based Project  Development" in Dallas, TX July 10-12, 2018. 

More than 150 attendees  from 31 States participated, with representation from a range of project  development disciplines, including planning and programming, environment,  design, traffic operations, and safety. FHWA invited States to attend based on  two factors: their membership in the HSM Pooled fund and their notable  activities in implementing DDSA in their State's project development process.  The two major objectives of the peer exchange were 1) to share leading practices  in the use of DDSA throughout project development and 2) to develop a roadmap  to guide States' future DDSA activities as the EDC-4 period concludes in  December 2018. 
*The July 2018 DDSA National Peer Exchange drew a large crowd of engaged participants and included a road-mapping exercise, in which participants from each State met as a group to discuss and develop their individual State roadmaps. Source: FHWA*
The structure of the peer  exchange included plenary sessions for topics of interest to the entire  audience as well as more-detailed breakout sessions tailored to specific  disciplines. Demonstrations of five safety analysis tools were also conducted  in a round-robin format.  

Session topics  included: 
*Participating States included those in the HSM Implementation Pooled Fund and others that have been applying DDSA in the project development process.*- DDSA in the Project Development Process (PDP)
- Fundamentals of Data-Driven Safety Analysis
- Leading Practices in the use of the HSM
- HSM 2nd Edition Preview
- Scale and Scope of Safety Analysis in the PDP
- Benefit Cost Analysis Guide and Tool
- Safety Design-Build Project
- Implementation and Integration of DDSA
- MIRE FDE Collection Methods and Tools
- CMF/SPF Calibration and Development
- Safety Performance in Planning and Programming
- Safety Analysis in Environmental Review
- Performance-Based Practical Design and Design  Exceptions
- Intersection Control Evaluation
- Using Crash Modification Factors and developing  CMF Lists
- Safety Performance of TSMO Strategies 

After hearing brief presentations from State DOTs in the breakout sessions, attendees  participated in facilitated discussions, which helped them identify noteworthy  practices and opportunities within their organizations as well as possible  challenges and steps needed for implementation. This breakout session format  set the stage for a road-mapping exercise in which participants from each State  met as a group to discuss and develop their individual State roadmaps. These  plans reflected current DDSA activities as well as documented next steps to  further the implementation of DDSA within the phases of the project development  process. State representatives will share a copy of their plans with the DDSA  team in order to identify any remaining needs that would help States progress  in implementation. 

The complete evaluations from the peer exchange are still being  tabulated, but when asked if the peer exchange was something the attendee would  recommend to a peer, a significant number of attendees said they would. A few  highlights noted by participants include very knowledgeable presenters, the  diversity of professionals, State examples of successful projects and programs,  the variety of viewpoints from States, and the energy of the group. A final  report documenting the peer exchange will be available in the coming months.

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New! FHWA Launches Introduction to Safety Data Analysis for Tribes
*By:  Adam Larsen, Federal Lands Highways*

When properly analyzed and  displayed, safety data can help improve the effectiveness of transportation  decision making, grant applications, and safety programs. To help Tribal  employees gain the skills and knowledge needed to process transportation safety  data, FHWA is hosting a series of training sessions. 

Safety data can be analyzed  using various methods depending on what the analyst is trying to accomplish.  This web series introduces several concepts and ends with an opportunity for Tribes  to meet one-on-one with FHWA staff at the National Transportation in Indian  Country Conference to discuss specific applications. 

The free training sessions  focus on four topics: 
- Contributing  Factors Analysis  – produces simple statistics about a data set. This  training session included a demonstration on using pivot tables to analyze data  and a crash tree to organize the results. Adam Larsen, FHWA Office of Tribal  Transportation, led this session, and  a recording is now available . 
- Network  Screening Analysis  can identify locations that may be good candidates for  improvement. Tori Brinkley, FHWA Resource Center Safety & Design Team,  presented this material and  the recording is now available .
- Site  Safety Analysis  includes Road Safety Audits, reading crash reports, and  constructing collision diagrams. The presenter for this session was Bruce  Drewes of the Tribal Technical Assistance Program (TTAP), and  the recorded  webinar is now available  on the  Tribal Transportation  Safety Data Analysis page.
- The Systemic  Safety Method  allows improvements to be made to address high risk roadway  features across a road network. This session will be led by Hillary Isebrands  of the FHWA Resource Center Safety & Design Team, and a recording of the  session will be available on the  Tribal Transportation  Safety Data Analysis page  in mid-September. 

The series launched on June  20, 2018. If you would like to attend the September 5 session,  please visit our registration page. 

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**AWARDS NEWS**FHWA's Kelly Morton Wins FRA Spike Award!
Congratulations to the Office of Safety's Kelly Morton, the recipient of the Spike Award for Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)  Highway Grade Crossing Technical Leadership class! After attending and participating in the class, students voted Kelly as the participant who best contributed to the course. "Kelly's presentation on Section 130 Program Overview and her thorough responses to questions during the class helped create an exceptional learning environment," said Alisa Paton, the course instructor. Alisa works for FRA's Technical Training Standards Division (TTSD) which is led by Staff Director, Pat McFall.

The TTSD Spike is awarded based on classmates' and instructor's observations, and is determined by class vote.

Way to go, Kelly!
*Kelly Morton (left) receives Spike award from FRA certified technical trainer Alisa Paton (right). Photo courtesy of Thomas Woodhams, FRA***ANNOUNCEMENTS AND EVENTS**This Fall, "Bridge the Gap" in Rural Road Safety
In 2016, the National Working Summit on Transportation in Rural  America helped define the future for moving rural America forward by  articulating the key transportation safety issues facing these areas. The  summit culminated in a call to address rural roadway safety as an integral  element of the Road to Zero initiative. The theme for the second summit, which  will be held in Savannah, Georgia, in December 2018, is "Bridge the Gap."  Attendees will continue to identify ways to move the rural conversation forward,  focusing on identifying safety solutions and addressing such questions as:
-  How do we  create awareness and a unified voice for rural areas?
-  What  rural-specific solutions exist and how do you implement them within rural  constraints?
-  How do we  look at rural safety without peering through an "urban lens?"
-  More  importantly, how do we shift rural safety culture to get us to zero?

To join this conversation, register today! 
New! Interactive Highway Safety  Design Model (IHSDM) User Group
FHWA is  very pleased to announce the establishment of a new Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) User Group, which has been established to: 
- Provide  FHWA with a formal mechanism for obtaining input from IHSDM users regarding  IHSDM, including current capabilities (functionality, user-friendliness, etc.)  and potential future enhancements/extensions of the software. Input from User  Group members will help FHWA establish priorities for future IHSDM software  development. 
- Foster  communication between IHSDM users by providing a forum for users to share their  experiences with the software (e.g., success stories and case studies,  challenges and solutions, how they have built support for using IHSDM within an  agency). 
- Provide  a forum for discussions and presentations on specific IHSDM-related topics. 
- Serve  as a beta test group for additions and enhancements to IHSDM before the release  is made available to the public. 

A recorded  User Group kick-off meeting (web conference)  was held on Wednesday August 15, 2018, and  the slideshow  presentation is now available. For more information on IHSDM, please  contact Abdul Zineddin at abdul.zineddin@dot.gov. 

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U.S. DOT Begins a New Era of Public Transit SafetyIssuance of Two Final Safety Rules Completes Foundation of a National  Public Transportation Safety Program 
This July, the U.S. Department of Transportation's  (DOT) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) issued two final regulations to  strengthen the safety of public transportation systems, the Public  Transportation Agency Safety Plan rule and the Safety Certification Training  Program rule. With these actions, FTA has completed the regulatory framework  for the National Public Transportation Safety Program as authorized by  Congress.

The Public Transportation Agency Safety  Plan rule requires transit agencies to incorporate Safety  Management System (SMS) policies and procedures as they develop  safety plans to better manage their safety risks. SMS is a comprehensive and  collaborative approach to safety—one that many transit agencies have not  previously used. The safety plan rule takes effect on July 19, 2019, and  compliance with the rule is required within 1 year of that date. In the coming  months, FTA anticipates making guidance available to transit agencies that will  assist in their development of safety plans and implementation of SMS. The FTA  is deferring action on applicability of the rule for small and/or rural transit  systems in order to evaluate the safety risks posed by these systems and to  determine the need for future regulatory action.

The requirements of the Public  Transportation Safety Training Certification Program rule establish  a basic training curriculum to enhance  the technical competencies and capabilities of individuals responsible for the  safety oversight of rail transit systems. The rule takes effect on August 20,  2018. The publication of this final rule reduces the burden to the transit  industry from the interim training requirements by eliminating a course  requirement and allowing for equivalency training credit. 

For more  information, visit the FTA's Transit  Safety & Oversight (TSO) web page.

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The Safety Compass Newsletter
is a publication of the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.

The Federal Highway Administration publishes the Safety Compass newsletter three times a year. We can be reached at:

FHWA Office of Safety  1200 New Jersey Ave. SE  Room E71-320  Washington, DC 20590

The Safety Compass is available online at the FHWA Office of Safety web site at: https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/newsletter/safetycompass/.

We welcome your comments and highway safety-related articles. The purpose of this newsletter is to increase highway safety awareness and information and to provide resources to help save lives.

We encourage readers to submit highway safety articles that might be of value to the highway safety community. Send your comments, questions and articles for review electronically to Tara McLoughlin at: tara.mcloughlin@dot.gov

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