Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater 

Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Open-File Report 2009–1210

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual 

Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin 

Using Streamflow Data

By Warren A. Gebert, John F. Walker, and James L. Kennedy

Open-File Report 2009–1210

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, 

natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS

For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, 

visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod

To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the 

U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to 

reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Gebert, W.A., Walker, J.F., and Kennedy, J.L., 2011, Estimating 1970–99 average annual recharge in Wisconsin using 

streamflow data: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009–1210, 14 p. plus appendixes.

Cover: West Fork of the Kickapoo River, Wisconsin. Photograph by Herbert S. Garn.
iii

Contents

Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Methods...........................................................................................................................................................2

Estimation at Streamflow-Gaging Stations ......................................................................................2

Estimation at Partial-Record Sites.....................................................................................................5

Discussion.......................................................................................................................................................8

Error Analysis .................................................................................................................................................8

Example Applications..................................................................................................................................10

Selected References...................................................................................................................................11

Appendixes 1–12................................................................................................................................. 15–118

A, Locations of streamflow-gaging stations and spatial distribution of average annual 

recharge; B, locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites and spatial distribution 

of estimated average annual recharge; C, average annual base flow and corresponding 

recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations; and D, average annual base flow and 

corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations.

1. Lake Superior Basin .......................................................................................................................16

2. St. Croix River Basin ......................................................................................................................23

3, Chippewa River Basin....................................................................................................................29

4. Upper Wisconsin River Basin ........................................................................................................41 

5. Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River Basin.....................................................................................47

6. Trempealeau-Black River Basin .....................................................................................................56

7. Central Wisconsin River Basin ......................................................................................................64

8 LFox-Wolf River Basin....................................................................................................................72

9. Lake Michigan Basin......................................................................................................................82

10. Lower Wisconsin River Basin ........................................................................................................91

11. Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin......................................................................................................101

12. Rock-Fox River Basin....................................................................................................................109

Figures

1–2. Maps showing:

1. Spatial distribution of base-flow index, 1970–99, at streamflow-gaging 

stations in Wisconsin..........................................................................................................3

2. Spatial distribution of average annual recharge, 1970–99, at streamflowgaging stations in Wisconsin.............................................................................................4

3. Graph showing example relation line and estimation technique for partialrecord site Elk Creek at Elk Creek, Wisconsin.........................................................................5

4. Map showing spatial distribution of average annual recharge, 1970–99, 

at partial-record sites in Wisconsin ..........................................................................................7

5–6. Graphs showing:

5. Comparison of annual base flow estimated using the relation-line approach 

(estimated) and the Base Flow Index approach (actual) at selected 

streamflow-gaging stations ........................................................................................................9
iv

6. Comparison of annual base flow estimated using the statewide-regression 

approach (estimated) and the Base Flow Index approach (actual) at 

selected streamflow-gaging stations........................................................................................9

Tables

1. Comparison of baseflow estimates from graphical and Base Flow Index 

methods (Institute of Hydrology, 1980a, 1980b) for six streamflow-gaging 

stations in Wisconsin for water year 1967 ...............................................................................9

 2. Comparison of recharge estimates from calibrated ground-water flow models 

and techniques described in this report.................................................................................10

Conversion Factors

Inch/Pound to SI

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

Area

square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare (ha)

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) 

Flow rate

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

cubic foot per second per square mile 

[(ft3/s)/mi2] 0.01093 cubic meter per second per square kilometer [(m3/s)/km2]

inch per year (in/yr) 2.54 centimeter per year (cm/yr)
Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater 

Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

By Warren A. Gebert, John F. Walker, and James L. Kennedy

Abstract 

Average annual recharge in Wisconsin for the period 

1970–99 was estimated using streamflow data from U.S. Geological Survey continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations 

and partial-record sites. Partial-record sites have discharge 

measurements collected during low-flow conditions. The 

average annual base flow of a stream divided by the drainage 

area is a good approximation of the recharge rate; therefore, 

once average annual base flow is determined recharge can be 

calculated. Estimates of recharge for nearly 72 percent of the 

surface area of the State are provided. The results illustrate 

substantial spatial variability of recharge across the State, 

ranging from less than 1 inch to more than 12 inches per year. 

The average basin size for partial-record sites (50 square 

miles) was less than the average basin size for the gaging stations (305 square miles). Including results for smaller basins 

reveals a spatial variability that otherwise would be smoothed 

out using only estimates for larger basins. An error analysis 

indicates that the techniques used provide base flow estimates 

with standard errors ranging from 5.4 to 14 percent.

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to present the methods 

used and results of a study to determine the average annual 

recharge using base flow derived from U.S. Geological Survey 

(USGS) streamflow sites in Wisconsin. The groundwater 

component of streamflow is important since it is indicative of 

the sustained flow of the stream during dry periods, is generally of better quality, and is cooler in temperature. All three 

of these characteristics are important to the health of aquatic 

life in a stream. If recharge to the aquifers is to be preserved 

or enhanced, it is important to know the present partitioning 

of total streamflow into base flow and stormflow. An estimate 

of groundwater recharge also is important for the calibration 

and verification of groundwater models that are being used 

to investigate many of the water-supply and contamination 

problems faced by communities relying on groundwater as a 

source of drinking water (Cherkauer, 2004).

The U.S. Geological Survey operates numerous continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, which can be used 

to provide estimates of average annual base flow. In addition 

to the continuous-record stations, a substantial number of 

partial-record sites were operated during 1964–1990 throughout the State for various low-flow studies; these sites generally 

contain 1 to 15 discharge measurements made during low-flow 

conditions. The collection of partial-record sites can be used 

for additional estimates of average annual base flow. While the 

average drainage area at the 123 gaging stations used in the 

statewide analysis is 305 mi2, the average drainage area of the 

1,495 partial-record sites is around 50 mi2. The use of data at 

this scale provides estimates of average annual base flow from 

headwater streams as opposed to the higher order streams 

represented by the 123 gaging stations.

In a general sense, base flow separation provides an 

estimate of groundwater discharge to the stream. Recharge, on 

the other hand, is comprised of infiltrated water that reaches 

the water table. For average values over relatively long periods in many hydrologic settings, recharge can be represented 

by groundwater discharge (Rutledge, 2007). A reasonable 

estimate of contributing area allows conversion of the groundwater discharge in cubic feet per second to a recharge rate 

in inches. 
2 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Methods

Estimation of recharge using base flow and drainage area 

requires reasonable estimates of the average base flow in a 

stream. Groundwater recharge processes and associated base 

flow function at different scales (Scanlon and others, 2002). 

To cover a range of scales, estimates are provided using both 

continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and partialrecord sites.

Estimation at Streamflow-Gaging Stations

The recorded daily discharge at the streamflow-gaging 

stations was separated into base flow and stormflow using 

the Base Flow Index (BFI) automated hydrograph separation application (Institute of Hydrology, 1980 a, b). The BFI 

application divides the water year into N-day increments and 

the minimum flow for each N-day period is identified, where 

N is a user-specified duration in days. Minimum flows are then 

compared to adjacent minimum flows to determine turning 

points on the base-flow hydrograph. Minimum flows that are 

less than a fixed proportion (f) of adjacent minimum flows are 

designated as turning points, and a straight line is established 

between turning points. The area below this line is an estimate 

of the volume of base flow. The ratio of volume of base flow 

for the water year to the total runoff volume for the water year 

is defined to be the “base-flow index.” In contrast to manual 

procedures, the BFI application can handle large amounts of 

data and is objective. The application produces a table of base 

flow, total streamflow, and base-flow index for each water 

year, as well as summary statistics. A FORTRAN program 

that implements the Institute of Hydrology (1980a, b) method 

was written for studies of base-flow trends in the Oklahoma 

Panhandle (Wahl and Wahl, 1995) and has been modified since 

its usage during these studies to increase its usefulness and 

provide flexibility.

The BFI application was applied to the streamflow 

at 123 continuous-record gaging stations to determine the 

average annual base flow and total streamflow for each station. Trend analysis in previous studies (Gebert and Krug, 

1996; Gebert and others, 2007) found statistically significant 

trends in streamflow for the long-term period of record at 

many streamflow-gaging stations. However, only one station 

demonstrated a significant trend in streamflow for the 1970–99 

period. Furthermore, the 1970–99 period represents recent 

conditions, thus it was selected for analysis in this study. Stations were selected on unregulated streams to provide uniform 

coverage throughout Wisconsin. A 5-day interval was used, 

and the turning point proportion (f) was set to 0.90 for all stations. The interval and turning point proportion were recommended values, and inspection of the results for a few of the 

stations verified that the values provided acceptable base-flow 

separations. The resulting values for base-flow index are presented in figure 1. 

For stations with considerably less than 30 years of 

record during the 1970–99 period, a relation line was established between annual base-flow values at the station for the 

period available (correlated station) and corresponding annual 

base-flow values at a nearby streamflow-gaging station with 

a complete record (index station). The relation line was used 

to translate average annual base flow for the 1970–99 period 

at the index station to average annual base flow for the same 

period at the correlated station; this procedure is identified as 

an extended record. The estimated average annual base flow is 

then divided by the basin area to give an estimate of recharge, 

in inches, for the basin. The resulting annual recharge values 

for the 123 streamflow-gaging stations are reported in the 

Appendixes and shown in figure 2. 

In some cases, there are two or more sites on the same 

stream segment. For these cases, the recharge for the intervening area was calculated by subtracting base flow for the next 

upstream gage from the base flow from the downstream gage 

and dividing by the difference in drainage areas. The adjusted 

values for the intervening areas are depicted on the maps in 

the main report and the Appendixes; the tables in the Appendixes report the estimated base flow and recharge for the entire 

area upstream of each site.
Methods 3

Figure 1. Spatial distribution of base-flow index, 1970–99, at streamflow-gaging stations in Wisconsin.

0 25 50 MILES

0 25 50 KILOMETERS

87°W

92°W

EXPLANATION

Baseflow index,

in cubic feet per second

greater than 0.90

0.81–0.90

0.71–0.80

0.61–0.70

0.51–0.60

0.41–0.50

0.31–0.40

0.21–0.30

0.11–0.20

less than 0.11

Subbasin boundary

Open water

Stream

County boundary

47°N

43°N
4 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

0 25 50 MILES

0 5025 KILOMETERS

87°W

92°W

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches

Subbasin boundary

Open water

Stream

County boundary

47°N

43°N

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of average annual recharge, 1970–99, at streamflow-gaging stations in Wisconsin.
Methods 5

Estimation at Partial-Record Sites

Partial-record sites in Wisconsin were operated in conjunction with low-flow studies to allow estimates of low-flow 

statistics throughout Wisconsin. The low-flow studies were 

conducted for each of the 12 major river basins in the State. 

The approach described in the next two paragraphs will be 

referred to as the relation-line approach. During a low-flow 

study, 6 to 15 low-flow discharge measurements were made 

at selected partial-record sites. These measurements were 

then compared to one or more nearby streamflow-gaging 

stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

and concurrent daily discharge at the gaging station. For each 

candidate streamflow-gaging station, the measurements were 

plotted against the concurrent daily discharges, and a best-fit 

relation was drawn by hand through the points. The station 

that provided the best relation with the measurements at the 

partial-record site, based on a visual inspection of the plot, was 

chosen as the index station for the site. For each partial-record 

site, estimates of average annual base flow can be obtained 

from the established relation line with the index station. An 

example of that method is shown for the partial-record site Elk 

Creek at Elk Creek (fig. 3). In this example, 10 discharge measurements made during low-flow conditions during 1969–80 

are plotted against the recorded daily discharge on the day of 

the measurement at the Trempealeau River at Dodge index 

station to determine the relation line. The average annual base 

flow of 402 ft3

/s at the index station, determined by the baseflow separation analysis described in the previous section, is 

projected through the relation line to provide an estimate of 

the average annual base flow of 50 ft3/s at the Elk Creek at 

Elk Creek partial-record site. 

In some cases the relation line provides an unreasonable 

estimate of annual base flow. This can be due to either a poorly 

defined relation line or a relation line with a steep slope that 

results in an unreasonably high value when the annual basefow value at the index station lies outside the range of values 

used to define the relation line. For those cases, the following 

statewide-regression equation (Gebert and others, 2007) was 

used to estimate the average annual base flow at the partialrecord site:

Qb = 0.907A1.02Bf

0.52 (1)

where Qb is the average annual base flow in cubic feet per 

second, A is the drainage area in square miles, and Bf is the 

base-flow factor, in cubic feet per second per square mile. 

1

2

3

4

5

7 6

8

9

10

10

100

50

100 1,000 500

RECORDED DAILY DISCHARGE FOR THE TREMPEALEAU RIVER (05379500),

IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

MEASURED DAILY DISCHARGE AT ELK CREEK (05379300),

IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Trempealeau River

average annual baseflow is

402 cubic feet per second

Elk Creek average annual baseflow is 50 cubic feet per second Elk Creek average annual baseflow is 50 cubic feet per second 

Figure 3. Example relation line and estimation technique for partial-record site Elk Creek at Elk Creek, Wisconsin.
6 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

The base-flow factor is determined using a discharge 

measurement at the partial-record site and corresponding 

information at an index station:

Q*

90

A

Qm

Q*

r

Bf =( )( ) (2)

where Bf is the base-flow factor in cubic feet per second per 

square mile, Qm is the measured discharge at the site in cubic 

feet per second, Q*

r

 is the recorded daily discharge at the index 

station on the day the measurement was made in cubic feet per 

second, Q*

90 is the 90-percent flow-duration value at the index 

station in cubic feet per second, and A is the drainage area of 

the station in square miles. In cases where multiple measurements were made, the average of the individual base-flow 

factors was used. 

During the course of the low-flow studies, 1 to 3 discharge measurements were made at additional sites throughout 

each river basin. The approach described in the next three 

paragraphs will be referred to as the statewide-regression 

approach. The miscellaneous-measurement sites were generally chosen on first- and second-order streams with relatively 

small drainage basins. Typically, a series of discharge measurements were made over a 1 to 5 day period when flow 

conditions were low. For these sites, the discharge measurements were used along with the statewide-regression equation, 

equation 1, to estimate average annual base flow.

Application of the statewide regression requires determination of the base-flow factor, which depends on measured 

discharge at the miscellaneous site and recorded daily discharge at an index station. The additional partial-record sites 

typically have 1 to 3 discharge measurements; therefore, it was 

not possible to compare the measurements to several gaging 

stations to determine the most appropriate index station. As 

a surrogate, proximity to partial-record sites with established 

index stations and knowledge of the regional hydrology were 

used to associate index stations with the additional sites. 

Maps displaying the basin boundaries for the partialrecord sites with established index sites, the location of 

the additional partial-record sites, and the locations of the 

index stations were generated using Geographic Information 

System (GIS) techniques (Brenden and others, 2006). The 

basin boundaries of the partial-record sites with established 

index stations were shaded to indicate the index station used 

for each site. Index stations were assigned to each additional 

partial-record site based on the distribution of the index sites 

and knowledge of the local hydrology. Once the index station 

was established, the base-flow factor was determined using 

equation 2, and the resulting average-annual base flow was 

determined using equation 1. 

The results for the partial-record sites using the relationline and statewide-regression procedures are given in Appendixes 1–12 and displayed in figure 4. In some cases, there 

are two or more sites on the same stream segment. For these 

cases, recharge for the intervening area was calculated by 

subtracting base flow for the next upstream site from the base 

flow from the downstream site and dividing by the difference 

in drainage areas. The adjusted values for the intervening areas 

are depicted on figures 2 and 4 and the maps in the Appendixes; the tables in the Appendixes report the estimated base 

flow and recharge for the area upstream of each site.
Methods 7

0 25 50 MILES

0 5025 KILOMETERS

87°W

92°W

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches

Subbasin boundary

Open water

Stream

County boundary

47°N

43°N

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of average annual recharge, 1970–99, at partial-record sites in Wisconsin.
8 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Discussion

The results for streamflow-gaging stations (fig. 2) and 

partial-record sites (fig. 4) illustrate a range of estimated 

recharge rates for Wisconsin–from less than 1 in. to more than 

12 in. The area covered by the two maps accounts for nearly 

72 percent of the surface area of the State. Recharge in excess 

of 12 in. and less than 3 in. is potentially unrealistic given 

the magnitude of precipitation and evapotranspiration across 

Wisconsin. In some cases, the ground- and surface-water basin 

boundaries did not align very closely, resulting in excessively 

high or low values. Sites with values exceeding 12 in. and 

less than 3 in. were examined in detail to determine the likely 

cause of the extreme value; for cases where a drainage-area 

discrepancy was evident, the values in the Appendix tables are 

flagged accordingly.

The difference in drainage area scale for streamflow-gaging stations (average 305 mi2

) and partial-record sites (average 50 mi2

) can be used to illustrate the effect of basin scale 

on spatial variability of recharge. Since the value reported for 

a particular type of site represents an average over the entire 

drainage area, values for larger basins likely will be less variable than values for smaller areas because the larger areas will 

tend to integrate processes occurring at smaller scales. Thus, 

one would expect more variability for the partial-record sites 

(fig. 4) than the streamflow-gaging stations (fig. 2). This is 

particularly evident when comparing a value for a streamflowgaging station to the values for partial-record sites that are 

contained within the gaging station drainage boundary. For 

example, there are several streamflow-gaging stations in the 

northwest part of the State that have a number of partial-record 

sites nested within the subbasin boundary for each gaging 

station. The variability of the values for the smaller subbasins 

is appreciably higher than for the larger streamflow-gaging 

stations that contain the partial-record sites.

From the results shown in figures 2 and 4, general patterns in the average annual recharge can be seen in the State. 

The northern forested portion of the State contains some of the 

highest values, due in part to highly permeable sandy soils, a 

thick transmissive aquifer, and somewhat lower evapotranspiration. Fairly high values also are found in the central portion 

of the State (east of the Wisconsin River). This portion of the 

State, referred to as the Central Sand Plains (Martin, 1965; 

Dott and Attig, 2004), contains fairly thick, highly conductive sandy sediments and a transmissive aquifer. These basin 

properties, along with the area’s flat terrain, facilitate the 

infiltration of water into the groundwater system rather than 

becoming stormflow or evapotranspiration. There is a fairly 

uniform distribution of recharge in the southwest portion of 

the State, often referred to as the Driftless Area (Martin, 1965; 

Dott and Attig, 2004), with a predominant range of roughly 

6 to 9 in/yr. This is consistent with the relatively uniform 

underlying geology in the Driftless Area. There are somewhat low values in the central portion west of the Wisconsin 

River, where the aquifers are thin and surficial soils have 

low permeability. These factors are expected to result in less 

aquifer storage and increased surface runoff. This portion of 

the State also has some of the lowest base-flow-index values 

(fig. 1) indicating that a smaller proportion of available water 

infiltrates and becomes recharge. Low values also are evident 

along the southern border of Lake Superior and the western 

edge of Lake Michigan, likely the result of clayey surficial 

soils that inhibit infiltration.

Error Analysis

The accuracy of the average annual base-flow values 

determined by the various techniques was evaluated using 

methods appropriate to each type of estimate.

To evaluate the accuracy of estimates at streamflow-gaging stations, base flow determined by the BFI approach was 

compared to base flow determined using manual hydrographseparation techniques. In the 1970’s, hydrograph separation 

was performed at six streamflow-gaging stations using graphical techniques (Meyboom, 1961). For the 1967 water year, the 

average base flow determined by the graphical technique for 

these six streamflow-gaging stations was compared to average 

base flow determined by the BFI approach. The comparison 

for the individual stations is shown in table 1.

To evaluate the accuracy of estimates for the partialrecord sites, data for a subset of streamflow-gaging stations 

was subjected to the appropriate analysis for the relation-line 

and statewide-regression approaches. From the data set of 

123 streamflow-gaging stations, 40 stations were used in 

the regression analysis to develop the statewide-regression 

equation, equation 1. Because the remaining 83 stations have 

estimates of average annual base flow using the BFI approach, 

which is assumed to be the most accurate estimate, a subset 

of streamflow-gaging stations was selected to evaluate the 

2 approaches used at partial-record sites. 

For the relation-line approach, 12 daily-discharge values 

during base-flow periods were selected from the continuous record at each candidate station to represent low-flow 

discharge measurements. A representative index station was 

chosen, and average annual base flow was estimated using the 

procedure described earlier. Based on a comparison between 

the annual base flow estimated using the relation-line approach 

and the value from the BFI approach, the average error was 

-2.7 percent, with a standard error of 12.6 percent. The results 

are shown in figure 5.

For the statewide-regression approach, one dailydischarge value during a base-flow period was selected from 

the continuous record at each candidate station to represent a 

low-flow discharge measurement. A representative index station was chosen, and average annual base flow was estimated 

using the procedure described earlier. Comparing the annual 
Error Analysis 9

base flow estimated using the statewide-regression approach 

and the value from the BFI approach, the average error 

was -2.4 percent, with a standard error of 14.0 percent. The 

results are shown in figure 6.

Calibrated groundwater models have been developed 

by the USGS in a variety of study areas in Wisconsin. The 

recharge estimates from these models were compared to 

Table 1. Comparison of base flow estimates from graphical and Base Flow Index methods (Institute of Hydrology, 1980a, 1980b) for 

estimates produced using the methods presented in this study. 

Estimates of recharge for these groundwater study areas were 

determined using area-weighted values from streamflowgaging-station estimates (fig. 2) and partial-record estimates 

(fig. 4), as appropriate. The results are summarized in table 2.

six streamflow-gaging stations in Wisconsin for water year 1967.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; R, River; nr, near]

USGS station 

identification 

number

Station name

Base flow

(percent of 

streamflow)

Base flow

Graphical method

(ft3

/s)

Base Flow Index method

(ft3/s)

Percent 

difference

04066500 Pike River near Amberg 86 171 157 -8.2

04086000 Sheboygan River at Sheboygan 45 68 78 +15

05368000 Hay River near Wheeler 57 194 187 -3.6

05408000 Kickapoo River at LaFarge 63 100 97 -3.0

05397500 Eau Claire River near Kelly 49 126 81 -36

05436500 Sugar River near Brodhead 67 210 193 -8.1

Figure 5. Comparison of annual base flow estimated using 

the relation-line approach (estimated) and the Base Flow Index 

approach (actual) at selected streamflow-gaging stations.

Standard error = 12.6 percent

0

200

400

600

800

0 200 400 600 800

ACTUAL BASEFLOW, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

PREDICTED BASEFLOW, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 

Relation-line approach

Figure 6. Comparison of annual base flow estimated using the 

statewide-regression approach (estimated) and the Base Flow 

Index approach (actual) at selected streamflow-gaging stations.

Standard error = 14.0 percent

Statewide-regression approach

0

200

400

600

800

0 200 400 600 800

ACTUAL BASEFLOW, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

PREDICTED BASEFLOW, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 
10 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Table 2. Comparison of recharge estimates from calibrated ground-water flow models and techniques described in this report.

[in/yr, inches per year; NA, not available]

Study area

Annual recharge

(in/yr)

Reference

Ground-water 

model

Streamflow-gaging 

stations, shown in 

figure 2

Partial-record 

stations, shown in 

figure 4

Northwest Sawyer County 10.1 9.2 18.8 Juckem and Hunt, 2007

Vilas/Trout Lake 10.5 10.8 8.8 Hunt and others, 1998

Eagle River Area 9.7 NA 7.7 Graczyk and others, 2003

Necedah National Wildlife Refuge 9.5 4.2 NA Hunt and others, 2000a

Crandon Area 17.2–10.2 8.5 11.6 Kelson and others, 2002

Middle Genesee Lake 6.7 7.4 5.4 Hunt and others, 2000b

Pretty Lake 5.9 6.0 NA Hunt and Krohelski, 1996

Dane County 8.0 6.6 6.5 Hunt and Steuer, 2000; 

Hunt and others, 2001

Bayfield County 22–17 9.4 9.5 Lenz and others, 2003

LaCrosse County 8.5 8.3 8.4 Hunt and others, 2003

Western Vilas County 10 10.1 9.2 Krohelski and others, 2002

Washington County 34–12 5.4 5.1 Dunning, 2003

Milwaukee County 0.6–3 4.7 3.2 Dunning and others, 2004

Sauk County 5.2 6.2 7.7 Gotkowitz and others, 2002

Fredrick Springs 8.0 NA 7.3 Hunt and Steuer, 2000

1

 “Low” and “high” recharge, respectively.

2

 Lake clay areas and sandy uplands, respectively.

3

 General and local sandy sediments, respectively.

Example Applications

The recharge values and techniques presented in this 

report can be used to estimate recharge at a wide variety of 

scales, ranging from large basin projects with areas greater 

than 1,000 mi2 to small projects with areas less than 20 mi2.

For large-scale projects, the best estimate of recharge 

is obtained using values for the streamflow-gaging stations. 

For example, to determine recharge for an area that includes 

most of the Trempealeau River, a general estimate of recharge 

for the basin is 8 to 9 in. (fig. 2). A more detailed estimate can 

be obtained from Appendix 6–C. (Trempealeau-Black River 

Basin); the recharge for Trempealeau River at Dodge (station 

number 05379500) is 8.5 in. for the 643 mi2 drainage basin.

Another example for a large area would be to determine 

the recharge for Lafayette County. Based on inspection of 

Appendix 11–A, most of the county is within the drainage areas 

for four streamflow-gaging stations. The recharge values are 

5 to 8 in. based on the colors of the shaded areas (Appendix 

11–A). A more detailed estimate can be obtained from Appendix 

11–C ( Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin). The four streamflowgaging stations that have drainage areas in Lafayette County 

are Galena River near Buncombe (05415000), Pecatonica 

River at Darlington (05432500), East Branch Pecatonica River 

near Blanchardville (05433000), and Pecatonica River at Martintown (05434500). The recharge values and drainage areas 

are 5.6 in. and 125 mi2, 7.1 in. and 273 mi2, 8.0 in. and 221 mi2, 

and 7.9 in. and 1,034 mi2, respectively. Using a weighted average based on the portion of each drainage area contained within 

the county, the average for Lafayette County was determined to 

be 6.7 in.

For smaller-scale studies, the best estimate of recharge is 

obtained using values for the partial-record sites. For example, 

to determine recharge for the City of Tomah, inspection of 

Appendix 7–B indicates there are several partial-record sites 

in the Tomah area. Based on Appendix 7–D (Central Wisconsin 

River Basin), three partial-record sites fall within a 100 mi2

area centered around Tomah. The recharge values for the three 
Selected References 11

stations (Appendix 7–D, map numbers 113, 114 and 116) are 5.2, 

8.1 and 8.4 in., respectively. Using a weighted average based on 

the portion of each drainage area contained within the 100 mi2

area (30.4, 6.99 and 12.9 mi2, respectively), the average recharge 

for the Tomah area was determined to be 6.1 in.

To determine recharge for a location that is not covered 

by streamflow-gaging stations or partial-record sites, a streamflow measurement can be used along with the statewide equation, equation 1, to provide an estimate. The steps required to 

estimate recharge are as follows:

1. Locate a discharge measurement near the location of 

interest by querying the miscellaneous-measurement 

database (http://wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/recharge/). 

If an appropriate measurement cannot be found, make a 

discharge measurement using appropriate procedures.

2. Verify that the measurement was obtained during baseflow conditions by inspecting daily flows for streamflowgaging stations near the measurement location using 

real-time data (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wi/nwis/rt/) if 

the measurement was made within the past 18 months 

or historical data (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wi/nwis/dv/) 

otherwise. Generally a stream will return to base-flow 

conditions 5 to 7 days after an appreciable increase in 

discharge due to a runoff event. 

3. Select an appropriate nearby streamflow-gaging station to 

use as an index site. Determine the daily discharge on the 

day the measurement was made (Qr) and the 90-percent 

flow-duration value (Q90) for the gage (refer to the appropriate Appendix table for the streamflow-gaging stations 

in the basin containing the location of interest). 

4. Determine the base-flow factor from equation 2 using the 

discharge measurement (Qm) and the values determined in 

step 3 for the index station.

5. Determine base flow in cubic feet per second using equation 1. The estimate of recharge, in inches, is obtained 

using the following equation: 

A R=

13.584 • Qb (3)

where R is recharge in inches, Qb is base flow in cubic feet per 

second, and A is area in square miles.

For example to determine the recharge for 

the West Fork Kickapoo River at Avalanche, a 

query of the miscellaneous-measurement database 

(http://wi.water.usgs.gov/projects/recharge/) showed that no 

discharge measurements were available at that location; however, measurements had been made during base-flow conditions upstream and downstream of Avalanche.

For the downstream site, West Fork Kickapoo River near 

Westby (05408660), a discharge of 18 ft3/s (Qm) was measured on October 13, 1964. The drainage area (A) for this site 

is 56.8 mi2. A nearby streamflow-gaging station, Kickapoo 

River at La Farge (05408000), was selected as the index site. 

The recorded discharge at the index site on October 13, 1964 

was 96 ft3/s (Q*

r ), and the 90-percent flow-duration value was 

110 ft3/s (Q*

90) from Appendix 10–C). The base flow factor for 

the site was calculated as 0.3631 using equation (2), and the 

average annual base flow was calculated as 33.0 ft3/s using 

equation (1). Using equation 3 the average annual recharge is 

determined to be 7.9 in.

For the upstream site, West Fork Kickapoo River near 

Westby (05408538), a discharge of 8.7 ft3/s (Qm) was measured on October 13, 1964. The drainage area (A) for this site 

is 29.2 square miles. Using the same index station, the base 

flow factor for the site was calculated as 0.3414 using equation 

(2), and the average annual base flow was calculated as 16.2 

ft3/s using equation (1). Using equation 3 the average annual 

recharge is determined to be 7.5 in.

Selected References

Brenden, T.O., Clark, R.D., Jr., Cooper, A.R., Seelbach, 

P.W., Wang, L., Aichele, S.S., Bissell, E.G., and Stewart, 

J.S., 2006, A GIS framework for collecting, managing, 

and analyzing multiscale landscape variables across large 

regions for river conservation and management in American 

Fisheries Society Symposium: American Fisheries Society, 

p. 49–74. 

Cherkauer, D.S., 2004, Quantifying ground water recharge at 

multiple scales using PRMS and GIS: Ground Water, v. 42, 

no. 1, p. 97–110.

Dott, R.H., Jr., and Attig, J.W., 2004, Roadside geology of 

Wisconsin: Missoula, Mont., Mountain Press Publishing 

Company, 345 p.

Dunning, C.P., 2003, Simulation of the shallow aquifer in the 

vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, 

using analytic elements: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 02–4204, 29 p. 

Dunning, C.P., Feinstein, D.T., Hunt, R.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 

2004, Simulation of ground-water flow, surface-water flow, 

and a deep sewer tunnel system in the Menomonee Valley, 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2004–5031, 40 p.

Gebert, W.A., 1978, Low-flow characteristics of streams in 

the lower Wisconsin River basin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 77–118, 80 p.
12 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Gebert, W.A., 1979a, Red Cedar River basin, Wisconsin–

Low-flow characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 79–29, 12 p.

Gebert, W.A., 1979b, Low-flow characteristics of streams in 

the Lake Superior basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 79-38, 74 p.

Gebert, W.A., 1980, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the 

upper Wisconsin River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 80–691, 60 p.

Gebert, W.A., 1981, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the 

Central Wisconsin River Basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81–495, 

99 p.

Gebert, W.A., and Krug, W.R., 1996, Streamflow trends in 

Wisconsin’s driftless area: Journal of the American Water 

Resources Association, v. 32, no. 4, p. 733–744.

Gebert, W.A., Radloff, M.J., Considine, E.J., and Kennedy, 

J.L., 2007, Use of streamflow data to estimate base flow/

ground-water recharge for Wisconsin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 220–236.

Gotkowitz, M., Zeiler, K. Dunning, C. and Thomas, J., 2002, 

Delineation of zones of contribution for municipal wells in 

Sauk County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey Open-File Report 2002-05, 74 p.

Graczyk, D.G., Hunt, R.J., Greb, S.R., Buchwald, C.A., and 

Krohelski, J.T., 2003, Hydrology, water quality, and yields, 

from near-shore flows to four lakes in northern Wisconsin, 

1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4144, 64 p. 

Holmstrom, B.K., 1978, Low-flow characteristics of streams 

in the Rock-Fox River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 78–85, 98 p.

Holmstrom, B.K., 1979, Low-flow characteristics of streams 

in the Trempealeau-Black River basin, Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79–9, 79 p.

Holmstrom, B.K., 1980a, Low-flow characteristics of streams 

in the St. Croix River basin: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 80–696, 62 p.

Holmstrom, B.K., 1980b, Low-flow characteristics of streams 

in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River basin, Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80–749, 82 p.

Holmstrom, B.K., 1982, Low-flow characteristics of streams 

in the Lake Michigan basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 81–1193, 102 p.

Hunt, R.J., Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Improving a complex finite difference groundwater-flow model 

through the use of an analytic element screening model: 

Ground Water, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1011–1017. 

Hunt, R.J., Graczyk, D.J., and Rose, W.J., 2000a, Water flows 

in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Geological 

Survey Fact Sheet FS–068–00, 4 p. 

Hunt, R.J. and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an 

analytic element model to investigate groundwater-lake 

interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lakes and Reservoir 

Management, v. 12, no. 4, p. 487–495. 

Hunt, R.J., Lin, Y., Krohelski, J.T., and Juckem, P.F., 2000b, 

Simulation of the shallow hydrologic system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic 

elements and parameter estimation: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 00–4136, 16 p. 

Hunt, R.J., Saad, D.A., and Chapel, D.M., 2003, Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in La Crosse County, 

Wisconsin, and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 03–4154, 36 p. 

Hunt, R.J., and Steuer, J.J., 2000, Simulation of the recharge 

area for Frederick Springs, Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 

00–4172, 33 p. 

Hunt, R.J., Steuer, J.J., Mansor, M.T.C., and Bullen, T.D., 

2001, Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical 

investigation: Ground Water, v. 39, no 5, p. 702–712. 

Institute of Hydrology, 1980a, Low flow studies: Wallingford, 

Oxon, United Kingdom, Report No. 1, 41 p.

Institute of Hydrology, 1980b, Low flow studies: Wallingford, 

Oxon, United Kingdom, Report No. 3, p. 12–19.

Juckem, P.F. and Hunt, R.J., 2007, Simulation of the shallow ground-water-flow system near Grindstone Creek and 

the Community of New Post, Sawyer County, Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2007–5014, 29 p. 

Kelson, V.A., Hunt, R.J., and Haitjema, H.M., 2002, Improving a regional model using reduced complexity and parameter estimation: Ground Water, v. 40, no. 2, p. 138–149. 

Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Hydrologic 

Investigation of Powell Marsh and its Relation to Dead Pike 

Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4034, 20 p. 
Selected References 13

Lenz, B.N., Saad, D.A., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2003, Simulation of ground-water flow and rainfall runoff with emphasis 

on the effects of land cover, Whittlesey Creek, Bayfield 

County, Wisconsin, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4130, 47 p. 

Martin, L., 1965, The physical geography of Wisconsin: Madison, Wisc., University of Wisconsin Press, 608 p.

Meyboom, P., 1961, Estimating ground-water recharge 

from stream hydrographs: Groundwater Research, v. 66, 

p. 1203–1214.

Rutledge, A.T., 2007, Update on the use of the RORA Program for recharge estimation: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 3, 

p. 374–382.

Scanlon, B.R., Healy, R.W., and Cook, P.G., 2002, Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater 

recharge: Hydrogeology, v. 10, p. 18–39.

Stedfast, D.A., 1979, Low-flow characteristics of streams in 

the Pecatonica-Sugar River basin: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 79–1274, 92 p.

Wahl, K.L., and Wahl, T.L., 1995, Determining the flow of 

Comal Springs at Braunfels, Texas, in Texas Water ’95: San 

Antonio, Tex., August 16–17, 1995, American Society of 

Civil Engineers, p. 77–86.

Appendixes 1–12

A, Locations of streamflow-gaging stations and spatial distribution of average annual recharge; 

B, locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites and spatial distribution of estimated 

average annual recharge; C, average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, 

for streamflow-gaging stations; and D, average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 

1970–99, for partial-record stations.

1. Lake Superior Basin .........................................................................................................................16

2. St. Croix River Basin .........................................................................................................................23

3, Chippewa River Basin ......................................................................................................................29

4. Upper Wisconsin River Basin ........................................................................................................41

5. Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River Basin...................................................................................47

6. Trempealeau-Black River Basin.....................................................................................................56

7. Central Wisconsin River Basin .......................................................................................................64

8 LFox-Wolf River Basin......................................................................................................................72

9. Lake Michigan Basin........................................................................................................................82

10. Lower Wisconsin River Basin.........................................................................................................91

11. Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin .....................................................................................................101

12. Rock-Fox River Basin .....................................................................................................................109
6 5

4 3

2

1

90°W

92°W

46°15'N

46°45'N

0 10 20 MILES0 10 20 KILOMETERS

Lake Superior Basin

Rechar

4

Lake Superior Basin 

WISCONSIN

Appendix 1–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Lake Superior Basin and spatial distribution of estimated average annual recharge.
! !

!!

!

!

! !

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

9

8 7

6

5

3 4

1 2

78

77

76

75

74

73

72

71

7069

68 67

66

65

64 63 62

61 60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

48 49

47

46

45

44 43 42

40 41

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

31 32

30 29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12 11

10

9

8 7

6

5

3 4

1 2

78

77

76

75

74

73

72

71

7069

68 67

66

65

64 63 62

61 60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

48 49

47

46

45

44 43 42

40 41

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

31 32

30 29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12 11

10

Lake Superior Basin

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS0 12.5 25 50 MILES

Lake Superior

Basin

90°W

91°W

91°W

92°W

E

Recha

4

WISCONSIN

Appendix 1–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Lake Superior Basin and spatial distribution of estimated average annual recharge.
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004).

2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.

Appendix 1C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Lake Superior Basin.

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamfl

(ft3/s)

1 04024430 Nemadji R nr South Superior 420 1975–1999 BFI 0.4060 164 5.3 410 2 04025500 Bois Brule R at Brule 118 1970–1999 BFI .8690 152 17.5 180 3 04026500 Bad R at Mellen 98.3 1949–1955 ex rec -- 45 6.2 -- 4 04026870 Alder Ck at Upson 22.2 1973–1977 ex rec -- 9.0 5.5 -- 5 04027000 Bad R nr Odanah 597 1970–1999 BFI .4850 301 6.8 630 6 04027500 White R nr Ashland 301 1970–1999 BFI .6900 187 8.4 270 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 1

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Superior Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

1 04024036 Little Pokegama R nr S Superior 46°39'36" 92°10'01" 04025500 6.27 0.0032 equation 2 04024067 Pokegama R at S. Superior 46°39'43" 92°07'07" 04025500 26.4 .1071 equation 3 04024310 Balsam Ck nr Patzau 46°30'13" 92°14'37" 05333500 12 .1005 equation 4 04024315 Little Balsam Ck nr Patzau 46°30'13" 92°14'05" 05333500 5.05 .1882 equation 5 04024325 Balsam Ck nr Dedham 46°33'28" 92°11'05" 05333500 29.8 .0848 equation 6 04024350 Black R nr Patzau 46°26'45" 92°10'05" 05333500 54.5 .0170 relation 7 04024370 Black R nr Patzau 46°32'09" 92°07'16" 05333500 76.7 .0358 equation 8 04024380 Miller Ck Tr at Dedham 46°32'29" 92°11'52" 05333500 4.19 .0055 equation 9 04024467 Bear Ck nr S Range 46°38'51" 92°00'40" 05333500 3.53 .0727 equation 

10 04024550 Bear Ck nr Patzua 46°25'02" 92°04'45" 04025500 9.65 .0331 equation 

11 04024660 Amnicon R nr Solon Springs 46°27'42" 91°59'01" 04025500 49.8 .0201 equation 

12 04024710 Cranberry Ck nr Solon Springs 46°27'09" 91°58'05" 04025500 9.69 .0401 equation 13 04024790 Amnicon R nr Hines 46°30'13" 91°57'27" 04025500 65.4 .0642 equation 14 04024810 Little Amnicon R nr S Range 46°33'25" 91°59'00" 04025500 19.8 .0186 equation 15 04025000 Amnicon R nr Poplar 46°36'20" 91°53'20" 04025500 110 -- relation 16 04025010 Amnicon R nr S Range 46°39'00" 91°53'54" 04025500 115 .0531 equation 17 04025057 Middle R nr Hines 46°32'27" 91°52'44" 04025500 28.2 -- relation 18 04025070 Middle R nr Poplar 46°35'42" 91°49'22" 04025500 43.1 .0386 equation 19 04025100 Middle R nr Poplar 46°39'05" 91°48'15" 04025500 48.4 .0850 relation 20 04025110 Poplar R nr Hawthorne 46°31'32" 91°47'38" 04025500 13.8 .0137 equation 21 04025120 Poplar R at Poplar 46°34'58" 91°47'41" 04025500 26.3 .0273 equation 22 04025140 Poplar R nr Poplar 46°38'54" 91°47'08" 04025500 31.1 .0183 equation 23 04025300 Bois Brule R nr Solon Springs 46°26'02" 91°40'32" 04025500 24.2 1.0709 equation 24 04025450 Nebagamon Ck nr Brule 46°31'34" 91°36'54" 04025500 60.2 .2186 equation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 1

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Superior Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

25 04025518 Sandy Run at Brule 46°33'13" 91°33'33" 04025500 2.53 -- relation 26 04026001 Bois Brule R nr Brule 46°37'59" 91°35'49" 04025500 162 0.8614 equation 27 04026030 Reefer Ck nr Port Wing 46°44'54" 91°30'32" 04025500 11.6 .2900 relation 28 04026040 Iron R at Iron R 46°34'16" 91°24'59" 04025500 15 -- relation 29 04026045 Iron R nr Iron R 46°37'08" 91°25'24" 04025500 24.4 .4690 equation 30 04026060 Muskeg Ck nr Iron R 46°36'47" 91°28'11" 04025500 17.9 .2974 equation 31 04026070 Iron R nriron R 46°41'31" 91°28'07" 04025500 58.5 .3458 equation 32 04026110 E Fk nr Iron R 46°41'23" 91°25'54" 04025500 56.7 .4937 equation 33 04026120 Flag R, Flag R at Port Wing 46°46'55" 91°22'25" 04025500 31.75 .9260 relation 34 04026160 Siskiwit R at Cornucopia 46°51'17" 91°05'29" 04025500 47.4 .1386 equation 35 04026190 Sand R nr Red Cliff 46°53'00" 90°57'20" 04025500 27.4 .1550 relation 36 04026215 Raspberry R nr Sand Bay 46°55'24" 90°49'51" 04025500 13.8 .0462 equation 37 04026230 N Pikes Ck nr Bayfield 46°48'17" 90°52'45" 04027000 15.1 .1134 equation 38 040262301 Pikes Ck nr Bayfield 46°47'08" 90°52'53" 04027000 30.2 -- relation 39 04026300 Sioux R nr Washburn 46°41'20" 90°57'02" 04027000 13.6 .2400 relation 40 04026309 Sioux R nr Washburn 46°43'32" 90°54'27" 04027000 51.3 1.0240 equation 41 04026315 Little Sioux R nr Washburn 46°43'36" 90°54'26" 04027000 19.1 1.4110 equation 42 04026335 S Fish Ck nr Benoit 46°32'15" 91°03'11" 04025500 17.1 .0078 equation 43 04026341 S Fish Ck nr Ashland 46°34'06" 90°58'14" 04025500 38.4 .0112 equation 44 04026346 N Fish Ck nr Benoit 46°31'49" 91°08'51" 04025500 36 .0389 equation 45 04026350 N Fish Ck nr Ashland 46°34'45" 90°57'55" 04025500 74.4 .9290 relation 46 04026400 Spillerberg Ck nr Cayuga 46°11'48" 90°37'32" 04027000 6.59 .2270 relation 47 04026410 Bad R at Morse 46°13'27" 90°37'32" 04027000 32.1 .1167 equation 48 04026449 Iron R nr Mellen 46°16'11" 90°42'23" 04027000 26.7 .1916 equation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 1

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Superior Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

49 04026450 Bad R nr Mellen 46°16'14" 90°42'26" 04027000 82 0.2270 BFI 50 04026510 Montreal Ck at Mellen 46°19'36" 90°39'08" 04027000 26 .2776 equation 51 04026530 Tyler Fks R nr Mellen 46°16'29" 90°30'11" 04027000 21.4 .1391 equation 52 04026550 Tyler Fks R nr Upson 46°20'50" 90°29'40" 04027000 36.9 .1400 relation 53 04026560 Tyler Fks R nr Mellen 46°24'20" 90°34'09" 04027000 64.9 .1492 equation 54 04026580 Marengo R nr Grandview 46°17'20" 90°59'31" 04027000 25.5 .3917 equation 55 04026590 Marengo R nr Grandview 46°21'20" 90°58'41" 04027000 50.5 .3878 equation 56 04026600 Marengo R at Marengo 46°25'35" 90°49'05" 04027000 101 .6060 relation 57 04026620 Brunsweiler R at Marengo 46°24'47" 90°48'28" 04027000 63.4 .2118 equation 58 04026650 Trout R nr High Bridge 46°23'40" 90°46'25" 04027000 13.5 .2110 relation 59 04026740 Marengo R nr Mellen 46°25'00" 90°44'13" 04027000 195 .4048 equation 60 04026760 Silver Ck nr Mellen 46°23'12" 90°43'37" 04027000 7.69 .3412 equation 61 04026859 Potato R at Upson 46°21'59" 90°24'38" 04027000 31.1 .1595 equation 62 04026900 Potato R at Gurney 46°27'50" 90°30'25" 04027000 93.1 .2190 relation 63 04026950 Vaughncreek nr Gurney 46°28'33" 90°36'00" 04027000 18 .2597 equation 64 04027045 White R nr Delta 46°27'25" 91°14'25" 04025500 106 .5665 equation 65 04027095 White R nr Mason 46°26'10" 91°10'35" 04025500 127 .6823 equation 66 04027110 Long Lk Br at Drummond 46°29'17" 91°16'45" 04025500 23.4 .0551 equation 67 04027140 Long Lk Br nr Grandview 46°23'19" 91°07'17" 04027000 54.5 1.1370 equation 68 04027200 Twenty Mile Ck at Grandview 46°22'05" 91°05'27" 04027000 18.7 .4940 relation 69 04027250 White R at Mason 46°25'47" 91°03'02" 04027000 264 1.1527 equation 70 04027265 Spring Crek nr Mason 46°28'16" 91°03'02" 04027000 3.35 .3620 equation 71 04027650 Denomie Ck nr Odanah 46°35'40" 90°39'17" 04027000 13.9 .0016 equation 72 04027900 Laymans Ck nr Hurley 46°19'35" 90°09'20" 04027000 13.8 .0320 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 1D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Superior Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

73 04027950 Montreal Ck nr Hurley 46°23'15" 90°08'29" 04027000 49.1 0.1060 equation 74 04028650 W Fk Montreal R nr Upson 46°24'49" 90°24'16" 04027000 10.5 .0273 equation 75 04028710 W Fk Montreal R Tr nr Montreal 46°20'10" 90°24'11" 04027000 7.38 .0598 equation 76 04028985 E R nr Montreal 46°23'15" 90°15'22" 04027000 4.73 .0093 equation 77 04029700 Boomer Ck nr Saxon 46°29'40" 90°21'02" 04027000 5.33 .0280 relation 78 04029780 Fourche Ck nr Saxon 46°21'30" 90°15'55" 04027000 14.9 .0799 equation 79 04038400 S Br Ontonogon R nr Boulder Jct 46°10'24" 89°45'32" 05359500 6.14 .8384 equation 
3

2

1

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

St. Croix River Basin

91°W

46°N

45°N

92°W

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Basin boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

Subbasin boundary

4

St. Croix

River Basin

WISCONSIN

Appendix 2. St. Croix River Basin 23

Appendix 2–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the St. Croix River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual 

recharge.
! !

!

!

! !

!!

!

! !

!

! !

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! ! !

!!

! !

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

9

8 7

6 5

4

3

2 1

72

71

70

69 68

67

66 65

64 63

62

61 60

58 59

57 55 56

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44

43

42

41

40

38 39

37

36

35

34

33 32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25 24

23

22

21

20

19 18

17

16

15

14 13

12

11 10

91°W

92°W

46°N

45°N

St. Croix River Basin

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

partial and miscellaneous

records site

Stream

4

Subbasin boundary

!

WISCONSIN

St. Croix

River Basin

24 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 2–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the St. Croix Basin and spatial distribution of estimated 

average annual recharge.
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004). 2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 2C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-streamflow-gaging stations in the St. Croix River Bas

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

stream

flow 

(ft3/s)

1 05332500 Namekagon R nr Trego 488 1988–1998 BFI -- 400 11.1 -- 2 05333500 St. Croix R nr Danbury 1580 1970–1999 BFI 0.8000 1,100 9.5 1,400 3 05341500 Apple R nr Somerset 579 1970–1999 BFI .7150 290 6.7 400 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 2D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the St. Croix River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 05331582 St Croix R nr Solon Springs 46°18'24" 91°47'16" 05333500 34.8 -- relation 2 05331590 Lower Ox Ck nr Gordon 46°17'40" 91°44'13" 05333500 100 0.1700 relation 3 05331603 Eau Claire R at Gordon 46°15'09" 91°47'57" 05333500 140 -- relation 4 05331700 Moose R nr Solon Springs 46°17'10" 91°57'10" 05333500 47.8 .0220 relation 5 05331795 Castle Ck nr Clam Lk 46°13'13" 91°02'28" 05332500 13.1 .1448 equation 6 05331801 Namekegon R nr Cable 46°13'26" 91°08'52" 05332500 46.8 .2687 equation 7 05331820 Namekagon R nr Cable 46°11'18" 91°19'06" 05332500 98.8 .5196 equation 8 05331830 Big Bk nr Cable 46°11'06" 91°19'39" 05332500 25 .5102 equation 9 05331850 Namekagon R nr Seeley 46°05'57" 91°23'52" 05332500 157 .6804 equation 

10 05331870 Namekagon R at Hayward 46°00'07" 91°29'24" 05332500 206 .5380 relation 

11 05331900 Chippanazie R at Stanberry 45°59'50" 91°38'05" 05333500 34.4 .2110 relation 

12 05331945 Godfrey Ck nr Stone Lk 45°52'52" 91°33'40" 05333500 7.45 .2500 relation 13 05331950 Bean Bk nr Spring Bk 45°54'00" 91°39'40" 05333500 45.5 .7620 relation 14 05332100 Potato Ck at Trego 45°53'32" 91°49'39" 05333500 30.4 .5340 relation 15 05332700 Stuntz Ck nr Minong 46°00'45" 91°57'25" 05333500 21.1 .0980 relation 16 05333060 Ounce R nr Gordon 46°10'25" 91°40'30" 05333500 43.6 .2630 relation 17 05333080 Frog Ck nr Minong 46°06'45" 91°46'35" 05333500 29.4 .0940 relation 18 05333100 Little Frog Ck nr Minong 46°05'48" 91°46'39" 05333500 16.6 .0570 relation 19 05333510 Chases Bk nr Danbury 46°04'40" 92°15'50" 05333500 37.7 .0670 relation 20 05333996 Yellow R nr Spooner 45°49'20" 91°55'58" 05333500 74.3 .4270 relation 21 05334110 Sawyer Ck Tr nr Shell Lk 45°46'17" 91°55'44" 05332500 29.6 .1560 relation 22 05334500 Yellow R at Webster 45°53'45" 92°21'53" 05333500 284 .4920 relation 23 05335008 Spring Ck nr Danbury 45°57'44" 92°12'35" 05333500 5.44 -- relation 24 05335010 Loon Ck nr Danbury 45°59'24" 92°12'43" 05333500 17.6 -- relation 25 05335017 Loon Ck nr Danbury 45°59'28" 92°14'13" 05333500 27.7 -- relation 26 05335300 Clam R nr Frederic 45°38'23" 92°15'29" 05332500 41.6 .0210 relation 27 05335380 Bashaw Bk nr Shell Lk 45°47'02" 92°07'51" 05368000 26.6 .2720 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 2D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the St. Croix River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

28 05335500 Clam R nr Webster 45°52'52" 92°29'16" 05333500 361 0.3693 equation 29 05338900 Wood R nr Siren 45°45'00" 92°28'10" 05333500 29.2 .0180 relation 30 05338915 Wood R Tr nr Frederic 45°40'27" 92°29'58" 05341500 5.54 -- relation 31 05338928 Wood R nr Alpha 45°45'29" 92°35'41" 05333500 73 .2770 relation 32 05338940 N Fk Wood R nr Grantsburg 45°48'30" 92°33'48" 05333500 17.9 .2095 equation 33 05338950 N Fk Wood R nr Grantsburg 45°47'30" 92°37'00" 05333500 54.8 .0860 relation 34 05338975 Wood R at Grantsburg 45°46'22" 92°42'29" 05333500 153 .2360 relation 35 05340300 Trade R nr Fredric 45°37'41" 92°29'19" 05368000 6.16 .2450 relation 36 05340309 Trade R Tr nr Luck 45°35'55" 92°29'16" 05368000 2.18 .1820 relation 37 05340340 Trade R at Trade 45°38'55" 92°40'19" 05341500 78.3 .2436 equation 38 05340370 Trade R nr Trade R 45°35'58" 92°46'02" 05341500 134 .3255 equation 39 05340385 Cowan Ck nr Trade R 45°35'57" 92°46'02" 05341500 23.7 .3050 equation 40 05340400 Wolf Ck nr St Croix Falls 45°33'20" 92°43'05" 05341500 24.9 .1500 relation 41 05340460 Big Rock Ck nr St Croix Falls 45°26'45" 92°38'28" 05341500 10.5 .0544 equation 42 05340550 Lawerence Ck at Franconia 45°22'16" 92°41'37" 05341500 16.2 .2570 relation 43 053405548 Trout Bk at Osceola 45°19'18" 92°41'40" 05341500 10.5 .2339 relation 44 05340970 Apple R nr Balsam Lk 45°26'44" 92°19'35" 05341500 81.7 .2008 equation 45 05341100 Fox Ck nr Balsam Lk 45°28'34" 92°20'59" 05341500 53.9 .3373 equation 46 05341250 Beaver Bk nr Joel 45°20'51" 92°17'05" 05341500 59.8 .0958 equation 47 05341305 Apple R nr Amery 45°18'04" 92°21'48" 05341500 250 -- relation 48 05341370 Rice Ck nr Milltown 45°30'44" 92°30'07" 05341500 3.98 .0670 relation 49 05341402 Balsam Br at Balsam Lk 45°26'49" 92°27'01" 05341500 52.8 .1210 relation 50 05341410 Balsam Br nr Wanderoos 45°21'35" 92°27'13" 05341500 87.6 .2101 equation 51 05341418 Friday Ck nr Deronda 45°20'20" 92°25'02" 05341500 12.2 .0945 equation 52 05341426 Wapogasset Br nr Deronda 45°17'40" 92°27'10" 05341500 117 .1696 equation 53 05341437 Apple R at Star Prairie 45°11'49" 92°31'57" 05341500 459 -- relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

54 05341450 Horse Ck nr Star Prairie 45°15'30" 92°35'19" 05341500 47.1 0.3270 relation 55 05341690 Willow R nr New Richmond 45°08'13" 92°24'40" 05368000 87.9 .1270 relation 56 05341694 S Fk Willow R nr Cylon 45°08'01" 92°23'00" 05368000 33.3 .0870 equation 57 05341699 Willow R at New Richmond 45°07'24" 92°33'02" 05368000 196 .1660 relation 58 05341720 Willow R at Boardman 45°03'51" 92°36'52" 05368000 225 .0967 equation 59 05341730 Tenmile Ck at Boardman 45°03'43" 92°35'54" 05368000 17.5 .3300 equation 60 05341850 Kinnickinnic R nr Hammond 44°56'07" 92°31'48" 05368000 67.3 .2030 relation 61 05341860 Parker Ck nr Hammond 44°55'15" 92°30'26" 05368000 13.9 .0588 equation 62 05341880 Kinnickinnic R nr R Falls 44°52'29" 92°37'18" 05368000 115 .4190 relation 63 05341889 S Fk Kinnickinnic R at R Falls 44°51'06" 92°37'36" 05368000 18.1 .4571 equation 64 05341920 Kinnickinnic R Tr nr R Falls 44°50'36" 92°38'38" 05368000 10.4 .3549 equation 65 05346300 Trimbelle R at Trimbelle 44°43'55" 92°35'00" 05368000 43.3 .2530 relation 66 05346400 Spring Ck nr Ellsworth 44°43'09" 92°34'22" 05368000 7.93 .0292 equation 67 05346500 Trimbelle R nr Diamond Bluff 44°39'24" 92°35'28" 05368000 63.5 .3460 equation 68 05346600 Little Trimbelle R nr Bay City 44°38'01" 92°34'05" 05368000 19.4 .1150 relation 69 05355300 Isabelle Ck nr Bay City 44°37'15" 92°26'33" 05368000 31.1 .2320 relation 70 05355304 Rush R Tr at Baldwin 44°57'47" 92°23'42" 05379500 4.03 .0898 equation 71 05355308 Rush R nr Martell 44°52'03" 92°24'31" 05379500 47.3 .0210 equation 72 05355325 Rush R nr Maiden Rock 44°34'15" 92°19'44" 05379500 213 -- relation 

Appendix 2D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the St. Croix River Basin—Continued.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]
9 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

11

12

10

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

90°W

46°N

45°N

92°W

Chippewa River Basin

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Basin boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

Subbasin boundary

4

Chippewa River

Basin

WISCONSIN

Appendix 3. Chippewa River Basin 29

Appendix 3–A, Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Chippewa River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual recharge.
!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

! !!

!

!

! !!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! ! !

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!! ! !!!

!! !!

!

! !

!!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!! !

! !

!

! !

! !!!

! ! !!

!

!

!

!! !

! !

! !

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! ! ! ! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!!

!

!

!

!

!

Chippewa

River Basin

WISCONSIN

Rech

4

90°W

91°W

92°W

46°N

45°N

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS0 12.5 25 50 MILES

Chippewa River Basin

!

9 8

7

6

5

4 3

2 1

89

88

87

86 81

80

79

7678 77

75

74

73

72

71

70

69

68 67

66 65

64

63 62

61

60 59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49 48 47

46

45 44

43 42

41

40

39 38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14 13

12 11

10

169

166

165 162

206

205

204

203

202

201

200 199

198

197

196

195

194

192

193

191

190

189

188

186 187 185 182 184 183

181

180

179

178

177

175

174

170

168

167

164

163 161157

160

158 159

156

155 154 147 153

120

117

116

115

114

113

112

111

110

109

108 107

106

105

9 8

7

6

5

4 3

2 1

89

88

87

86 81

80

79

7678 77

75

74

73

72

71

70

69

68 67

66 65

64

63 62

61

60 59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49 48 47

46

45 44

43 42

41

40

39 38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14 13

12 11

10

169

166

165 162

206

205

204

203

202

201

200 199

198

197

196

195

194

192

193

191

190

189

188

186 187 185 182 184 183

181

180

179

178

177

175

174

170

168167

164

163 161157

160

158 159

156

155 154 153

152

147

120

117

116

115

114

113

112

111

110

109108 107

106

105

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!!

!!

!! ! !

! ! !!

!

! !

!!

104 102

97

103

101

100 99 98

95

9496

91

92 90

93 85

83 84

104 102

97

103

101

100 99 98

95

9496

91

92 90

93 85

83 84

82

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!! !

! !

!

! !

! !!!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!! !

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

132

134

173 176

172

171

144

139

138 137

135

136

146

145

141

140

143

142

121

119

118

151

149

148

128

122

131 150

129 127

133

130

125

124

123 126

132

134

173 176

172

171

144

139

138 137

135

136

146

145

141

140

143

142

121

119

118

151

149

148

128

122

131 150

129 127

133

130

125

124

123 126

Appendix 3–

B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Chippewa River Basin and spatial distribution of estimated average annual rechar
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004). 2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 3C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-streamflow-gaging stations in the Chippewa River B

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base 

flow 

index

Base 

flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamfl

(ft3/s)

1 05357335 Bear R nr Manitowish Waters 81.3 1970–1999 ex rec -- 50 8.4 -- 2 05358300 Pine Ck nr Oxbow 38.9 1971–1975 ex rec -- 29 10.1 -- 3 05359500 S Fork Flambeau R nr Phillips 609 1941–1975 ex rec -- 390 8.7 -- 4 05361500 S Fork Jump R nr Ogema 327 1945–1954 ex rec -- 120 5.0 -- 5 05362000 Jump R at Sheldon 576 1970–1999 BFI 0.3610 190 4.5 540 6 05364000 Yellow R at Cadott 364 1943–1961 ex rec -- 90 3.4 -- 7 05364500 Duncan Ck at Bloomer 50.3 1945–1951 BFI -- 10 2.7 -- 8 05365000 Duncan Ck at Chippewa Falls 117 1943–1955 ex rec -- 61 7.1 -- 9 05365707 North Fork Eau Claire R nr Thorp 51 1970–1999 ex rec -- 8.8 2.3 -- 

10 05366500 Eau Claire R nr Fall Ck 760 1943–1955 ex rec -- 280 5.0 -- 

11 053674464 Yellow R at Barron 153 1992–1998 ex rec -- 74 6.6 -- 

12 05368000 Hay R nr Wheeler 418 1970–1999 BFI .7600 260 8.6 350 
Appendix 3D. Average annual baseflow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin.

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 05355355 Torch R nr Clam Lk 46°06'51" 90°53'00" 05359500 43.9 0.2229 equation 2 05355361 Ghost Ck nr New Post 46°08'07" 91°02'34" 05332500 5.27 .0384 equation 3 05355370 Moose R nr Clam Lk 46°04'16" 90°51'40" 05359500 26.8 .0310 relation 4 05355390 Little Moose R nr New Post 46°03'02" 90°59'39" 05359500 8.58 .2258 equation 5 05355420 Hay Ck nr Hayward 45°59'19" 91°10'12" 05332500 18.5 .3080 relation 6 05355522 Willerth Ck nr Glidden 46°08'47" 90°30'22" 04027000 4.05 .5602 equation 7 05355524 Magee Ck nr Glidden 46°10'36" 90°31'17" 04027000 14.8 .1368 equation 8 05355530 E Fk Chippewa R nr Glidden 46°07'35" 90°33'55" 04027000 96.7 .3920 relation 9 05355534 Schraum Ck nr Glidden 46°06'58" 90°33'05" 04027000 15.37 .2715 equation 

10 05355585 Fishtrap Ck nr New Post 45°58'27" 90°56'26" 05362000 13.1 .2455 equation 

11 05356130 Couderay R nr Raddison 45°46'15" 91°15'59" 05362000 187 -- relation 

12 05356170 Brunet R nr Winter 45°47'36" 90°59'23" 05362000 66.4 .3960 relation 13 05356290 Nail Ck nr Exeland 45°37'35" 91°09'50" 05362000 26.6 .1178 equation 14 05356309 Big Weirgor Ck nr Exeland 45°36'59" 91°15'25" 05362000 41.7 .2700 relation 15 05356320 Little Weirgor Ck at Exeland 45°40'06" 91°14'07" 05362000 30.6 .9190 relation 16 05356375 Devils Ck nr Bruce 45°28'56" 91°16'48" 05362000 44.1 .1803 equation 17 05356400 Thornapple R nr Winter 45°47'02" 90°53'23" 05362000 30.9 .2140 relation 18 05356443 Thornapple R nr Ladysmith 45°31'52" 91°06'40" 05362000 159 .1499 equation 19 05356450 Little Thornapple R nr Ladysmith 45°35'05" 91°06'43" 05362000 16.3 .1680 relation 20 05356650 Soft Maple Ck at Weyerhauser 45°24'30" 91°23'59" 05362000 15.9 .2110 relation 21 05356700 Soft Maple Ck nr Bruce 45°25'04" 91°21'30" 05362000 32 .3470 relation 22 05357350 Lost Ck nr Powell 46°05'10" 89°58'40" 05359500 15 .3810 relation 23 05357395 Little Turtle R at Mercer 46°09'50" 90°03'32" 05359500 10.4 .4360 relation 24 05358168 Butternut Ck at Butternut 46°00'37" 90°29'41" 05359500 26.2 -- relation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 3

D. Average annual baseflow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

25 05358190 Flambeau R nr Park Falls 45°56'20" 90°32'18" 05359500 47.6 0.2529 equation 26 05358220 Butternut Ck nr Park Falls 45°55'00" 90°35'01" 05359500 60.9 .5209 equation 27 05358337 Log Ck nr Oxbo 45°52'24" 90°44'10" 05359500 14.8 .2127 equation 28 05359100 Springstead Ck nr Park Falls 45°55'55" 90°06'40" 05359500 17 .3060 relation 29 05359215 S Fk Flambeau R at Fifield 45°52'48" 90°24'56" 05359500 241 -- relation 30 05359249 Sailor Ck nr Fifield 45°51'13" 90°24'45" 05359500 35.3 .2531 equation 31 05359277 Smith Ck nr Lugerville 45°45'57" 90°32'58" 05359500 11.4 .0637 equation 32 05359350 Elk R nr Phillips 45°44'40" 90°13'40" 05359500 34 .2130 relation 33 05359355 Popple Ck nr Phillips 45°45'05" 90°14'46" 05359500 18.3 .1072 equation 34 053593626 Little Elk R nr Phillips 45°39'31" 90°16'17" 05362000 23.7 .0198 equation 35 05359447 Carpenter Ck nr Phillips 45°40'54" 90°33'19" 05359500 12.4 .0410 equation 36 05359600 Price Ck nr Phillips 45°43'33" 90°40'12" 05359500 16.9 .4560 relation 37 05359700 Skinner Ck nr Hawkins 45°35'29" 90°43'14" 05362000 29.8 .0520 relation 38 05359809 Deer Ck nr Phillips 45°42'24" 90°28'15" 05359500 12.9 .5069 equation 39 05359871 Squaw Ck nr Phillips 45°43'25" 90°23'11" 05359500 23 .0979 equation 40 05361050 Deer Tail Ck at Glen Flora 45°30'10" 90°53'41" 05362000 11.1 .0269 equation 41 05361100 Deer Tail Ck nr Ladysmith 45°23'33" 91°06'37" 05362000 43.9 .0440 relation 42 05361390 S Fk Jump R at Prentice 45°32'51" 90°17'30" 05362000 57.2 .0320 relation 43 05361400 Hay Ck nr Prentice 45°32'32" 90°21'37" 05362000 22.6 .0500 relation 44 05361405 Hay Ck nr Prentice 45°30'31" 90°21'35" 05362000 27.4 .1300 equation 45 05361424 Mondeaux Ck nr Ogema 45°29'18" 90°16'46" 05362000 11.1 .0685 equation 46 05361438 Holmes Ck at Ogema 45°26'45" 90°18'21" 05362000 10.4 .0130 relation 47 05361478 Fisher Ck at Wboro 45°20'47" 90°17'39" 05362000 5.48 .2300 equation 48 05361490 Silver Ck at Wboro 45°21'02" 90°17'49" 05362000 36.4 .0740 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 3D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

49 053614983 Mondeaux Ck nr Wboro 45°20'53" 90°27'52" 05362000 39.2 0.1713 equation 50 05361600 N Fk Jump R nr Phillips 45°37'45" 90°23'32" 05362000 10.5 .0252 equation 51 05361606 Needle Ck nr Catawba 45°33'15" 90°29'32" 05362000 8.9 .0366 equation 52 05361828 Web Ck nr Catawba 45°28'52" 90°35'48" 05362000 9.5 .0437 equation 53 05361920 Levitt Ck at Jump R 45°21'22" 90°46'48" 05362000 28.4 .0136 equation 54 05362472 S Fk Main Ck at Hawkins 45°30'32" 90°42'25" 05362000 16.2 .0550 relation 55 05362485 Main Ck nr Sheldon 45°20'07" 91°03'16" 05362000 138 .0771 equation 56 05362487 Main Ck nr Coranth 45°18'09" 91°03'59" 05362000 149 .0994 equation 57 05363000 Fisher R at Holcombe 45°13'20" 91°06'35" 05381000 81.5 .0390 relation 58 05363110 N Fk Ck Bob Ck nr Cornell 45°08'03" 91°12'58" 05364000 42 .0775 equation 59 05363290 O'Neil Ck nr Eagleton 45°05'26" 91°22'46" 05368000 38.6 .1529 equation 60 05363360 Mccann Ck nr Eagleton 45°05'22" 91°24'17" 05368000 29.7 .5010 equation 61 05363500 O'Neil Ck nr Chippewa Falls 45°00'32" 91°23'13" 05368000 78.1 .3730 relation 62 05363765 Yellow R nr Gilman 45°09'47" 90°46'54" 05364000 146 .0174 equation 63 05363810 Yellow R at Gilman 45°09'26" 90°49'12" 05364000 187 -- relation 64 05363943 Otter Ck at Huron 45°06'45" 90°59'11" 05364000 30.7 .1818 equation 65 05363990 Lotz R nr Boyd 44°56'39" 91°06'13" 05364000 7.66 .4715 equation 66 05364005 Yellow R at Cadott 44°56'54" 91°09'29" 05364000 365 .0767 equation 67 05364120 Big Drywood Ck nr Cadott 44°58'27" 91°13'36" 05362000 33.5 .1580 relation 68 05364125 Little Drywood Ck nr Cadott 44°59'16" 91°14'22" 05364000 33 .0180 equation 69 05364160 Paint Ck nr Chippewa Falls 44°54'52" 91°15'27" 05381000 55.5 .2620 relation 70 05364260 Duncan Ck nr New Auburn 45°11'21" 91°30'13" 05368000 11.5 .3140 relation 71 05364750 Duncan Ck at Tilden 45°01'06" 91°26'43" 05368000 97.5 .5384 equation 72 05365570 S Fk Eau Claire R nr Withee 44°54'54" 90°42'08" 05381000 28.2 .0333 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 3D. Average annual baseflow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

73 05365600 S Fk Eau Claire R nr Greenwood 44°47'58" 90°42'53" 05381000 77.6 0.0280 relation 74 05365619 S Fk Eau Claire R nr Thorp 44°46'33" 90°50'29" 05381000 122 .0321 equation 75 05365650 Hay Ck nr Fairchild 44°41'01" 90°49'49" 05366500 22.5 .0450 relation 76 05365700 Goggle-Eye Ck nr Thorp 44°58'40" 90°48'00" 05362000 6.42 .0200 relation 77 05365710 N Fk Eau Claire R nr Thorp 44°57'33" 90°51'30" 05364000 52.9 -- relation 78 05365720 Mcgrogan Ck at Thorp 44°57'28" 90°48'01" 05381000 2.22 .0050 equation 79 05365840 Wolf R at Stanley 44°57'06" 90°56'05" 05381000 30.8 .0006 equation 80 05365900 Wolf R nr Stanley 44°51'14" 90°56'23" 05381000 71.2 .0800 relation 81 05365910 Wolf R nr Stanley 44°49'40" 90°56'53" 05381000 81.3 .0490 equation 82 05365928 N Fk Eau Claire R nr Augusta 44°44'53" 90°58'00" 05366500 205 .0735 equation 83 05365954 Schoolhouse Ck at Fairchild 44°35'51" 90°57'35" 05379500 6.52 .2451 equation 84 05365958 Schoolhouse Ck at Fairchild 44°64'05" 90°57'11" 05364000 9.6 .8489 equation 85 05365970 Black Ck nr Fairchild 44°40'07" 90°59'26" 05366500 43.9 .2595 equation 86 05366080 Muskrat Ck nr Augusta 44°47'30" 91°03'28" 05366500 29.6 .0062 equation 87 05366090 Hay Ck nr Boyd 44°57'31" 91°01'11" 05364000 2.62 .5760 relation 88 05366165 Hay Ck nr Ludington 44°49'44" 91°05'24" 05381000 31.1 .0918 equation 89 05366180 Hay Ck nr Augusta 44°47'08" 91°05'29" 05366500 39.9 .0851 equation 90 05366264 Bridge Ck nr Fairchild 44°38'43" 91°01'57" 05379500 6.01 .0972 equation 91 05366267 Travis Ck nr Fairchild 44°38'25" 91°02'34" 05379500 3.53 .1537 equation 92 05366271 Bridge Ck nr Augusta 44°39'58" 91°04'45" 05379500 13.7 .0560 equation 93 05366274 Hay Ck nr Augusta 44°39'33" 91°04'47" 05379500 7.85 .1800 equation 94 05366280 Bridge Ck at Augusta 44°40'41" 91°06'15" 05379500 26.7 .1854 equation 95 05366285 Diamomd Valley Ck at Augusta 44°40'41" 91°06'24" 05379500 8.26 .2672 equation 96 05366320 Bridge Ck at Augusta 44°41'04" 91°07'33" 05379500 35.6 .1640 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 3D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

97 05366325 Thompson Valley Ck nr Augusta 44°40'35" 91°09'52" 05366500 11.1 0.3255 equation 98 05366339 Browns Ck nr Augusta 44°43'56" 91°08'39" 05366500 11.8 .0938 equation 99 05366350 Bridge Ck nr Augusta 44°44'21" 91°09'55" 05366500 71.5 .3318 equation 

100 05366400 Bears Grass Ck nr Fall Ck 44°43'51" 91°11'57" 05366500 16.2 .2710 relation 101 05366405 Bears Grass Ck Tr nr Augusta 44°43'28" 91°11'29" 05366500 7.84 .1042 equation 102 05366408 Bears Grass Ck nr Fall Ck 44°45'07" 91°11'26" 05366500 28 .3390 equation 103 05366419 Rush Ck nr Fall Ck 44°46'34" 91°14'42" 05366500 6.19 .0300 equation 104 05366440 Fall Ck at Fall Ck 44°46'05" 91°16'21" 05379500 15.9 .0860 relation 105 05366600 Otter Ck at Brackett 44°42'05" 91°20'35" 05379500 23.7 .2584 equation 106 05366660 Beaver Ck at Brackett 44°41'52" 91°21'10" 05379500 12.4 .0626 equation 107 05367032 Lowes Ck nr Eau Claire 44°44'31" 91°27'40" 05379500 53.8 .2900 relation 108 05367041 W Ck nr Eau Claire 44°45'21" 91°37'26" 05366500 18.4 .1776 equation 109 05367051 Elk Ck nr Elk Mound 44°54'00" 91°37'55" 05366500 49.5 .4975 equation 

110 05367052 Elk Ck nr Elk Mound 44°50'26" 91°39'36" 05366500 64 .3722 equation 

111 05367057 Rock Ck nr Rock Falls 44°42'15" 91°41'20" 05379500 30.5 .0956 equation 

112 05367060 Muddy Ck nr Menomonie 44°48'00" 91°46'02" 05366500 67.4 .0450 relation 113 05367063 Cranberry Ck at Meridean 44°44'06" 91°47'31" 05379500 16.9 .2022 equation 114 05367072 Fall Ck nr Meridean 44°41'02" 91°50'57" 05379500 8.21 .3516 equation 115 05367102 Red Cedar R at Birchwood 45°39'33" 91°33'36" 05362000 70.8 .1050 relation 116 05367150 Sucker Ck nr Birchwood 45°39'00" 91°31'15" 05362000 8.6 .0702 equation 117 05367190 Hemlock Ck nr Mikana 45°34'27" 91°30'46" 05368000 20.4 .3114 equation 118 05367202 Red Cedar Ck at Red Cedar Lk 

Outlet

45°35'21" 91°36'06" 05368000 151 .3530 equation 

119 05367210 Red Cedar Ck nr Mikana 45°33'59" 91°37'27" 05368000 159 .2078 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 3D. Average annual baseflow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

120 05367301 Brill R nr Nobleton 45°40'03" 91°40'48" 05368000 73.8 0.3551 equation 121 05367310 Brill R at Brill 45°36'36" 91°40'24" 05368000 84.6 .3590 relation 122 05367340 Red Cedar R nr Campia 45°33'08" 91°39'15" 05368000 258 .2444 equation 123 05367350 Red Cedar R nr Rice Lk 45°31'49" 91°42'10" 05368000 264 .4474 equation 124 05367401 Bear Ck at Haugen 45°36'35" 91°46'24" 05368000 47.6 -- relation 125 05367402 Little Bear Ck nr Haugen 45°34'21" 91°47'09" 05368000 17.2 .2353 equation 126 05367404 Bear Ck nr Rice Lk 45°32'12" 91°44'52" 05368000 77.8 .2345 equation 127 05367405 Red Cedar R at Rice Lk 45°29'55" 91°44'12" 05368000 372 .4164 equation 128 05367409 Spring Ck nr Campia 45°31'57" 91°34'48" 05368000 11.3 .0078 equation 129 05367412 Spring Ck nr Rice Lk 45°29'14" 91°41'15" 05368000 30.8 .1118 equation 130 05367417 Red Cedar ? nr Rice Lk 45°26'42" 91°45'54" 05368000 421 .4306 equation 131 05367420 Barker Ck nr Barron 45°24'31" 91°47'11" 05368000 16.5 .1850 relation 132 05367425 Red Cedar R nr Cameron 45°24'05" 91°46'39" 05368000 442 .3953 equation 133 05367427 Cranberry Ck at Cameron 45°24'30" 91°45'05" 05368000 3.45 .8150 relation 134 05367430 Yellow R nr Cumberland 45°31'54" 91°54'56" 05368000 50.4 .2360 relation 135 05367433 Hickey Ck nr Haugen 45°31'22" 91°52'33" 05368000 8.59 .4261 equation 136 05367434 Eagle Ck nr Rice Lk 45°30'09" 91°51'43" 05368000 7.04 .0976 equation 137 05367436 Yellow R nr Barron 45°26'15" 91°53'00" 05368000 85.5 .4487 equation 138 05367440 Vermillion R nr Almena 45°26'12" 91°57'56" 05341500 18.2 .3270 relation 139 05367443 Vermillion R nr Poskin 45°24'36" 91°53'20" 05368000 40.2 .2635 equation 140 05367444 Yellow R at Barron 45°23'57" 91°50'07" 05368000 141 .3640 relation 141 05367445 Quaderer Ck at Barron 45°23'57" 91°50'33" 05368000 11.5 .2455 equation 142 05367446 Yellow R at Barron 45°23'53" 91°49'59" 05368000 153 .2405 equation 143 05367447 Fourmile Ck nr Barron 45°22'58" 91°49'39" 05368000 15.6 .2386 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 3D. Average annual baseflow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

144 05367448 Yellow R nr Wickware 45°21'56" 91°47'12" 05368000 176 0.3539 equation 145 05367450 Red Cedar R nr Chetek 45°21'03" 91°44'47" 05368000 631 .3861 equation 146 05367452 Brown Ck nr Chetek 45°20'40" 91°44'25" 05368000 9.91 .1763 equation 147 05367454 Red Cedar R nr Chetek 45°19'17" 91°41'28" 05368000 648 .3653 equation 148 05367457 Silver Ck nr Rice Lk 45°28'22" 91°38'03" 05368000 3.57 .0532 equation 149 05367459 Rock Ck nr Canton 45°27'19" 91°38'37" 05368000 18.9 .0542 equation 150 05367460 Pokegama Ck nr Cameron 45°24'29" 91°39'36" 05368000 39.7 .3200 relation 151 05367461 German Ck nr Cameron 45°24'28" 91°39'10" 05368000 8.16 .0490 equation 152 05367462 Moose Ear Ck nr Strickland 45°24'28" 91°33'16" 05368000 13.2 .1107 equation 153 05367463 Moose Ear Ck nr Chetek 45°19'15" 91°35'17" 05368000 38.2 .2390 equation 154 053674633 Chetek R at Chetek 45°18'32" 91°39'04" 05368000 135 -- relation 155 05367464 Tenmile Ck nr Chetek 45°17'09" 91°33'40" 05368000 30.3 .4512 equation 156 05367468 Chetek R nr Chetek 45°16'22" 91°41'41" 05368000 212 .6017 equation 157 05367469 Red Cedar R nr Dallas 45°14'52" 91°43'26" 05368000 887 .3996 equation 158 05367474 Upper Pine Ck nr Dallas 45°16'24" 91°49'31" 05368000 8.79 -- relation 159 05367480 E Br Upper Pine Ck Tr nr Dallas 45°16'52" 91°48'30" 05368000 3.95 .3130 relation 160 05367481 E Br Upper Pine Ck at Dallas 45°16'03" 91°49'04" 05368000 9.66 .6749 equation 161 053674825 Upper Pine Ck nr Dallas 45°12'57" 91°45'46" 05368000 36.3 .4360 equation 162 05367487 Sand Ck at Sand Ck 45°10'00" 91°41'08" 05368000 20 .4899 equation 163 053674879 Lower Pine Ck nr Ridgeland 45°13'49" 91°52'49" 05368000 19.7 .0602 equation 164 05367488 S Fk Lower Pine Ck at Ridgeland 45°12'26" 91°53'37" 05368000 7.93 -- relation 165 05367490 Lower Pine Ck at Sand Ck 45°10'04" 91°42'03" 05368000 51 .3130 relation 166 05367491 Red Cedar R nr Sand Ck 45°08'34" 91°42'15" 05368000 1020 .4344 equation 167 05367492 Hay Ck nr Sand Ck 45°09'05" 91°43'40" 05368000 15.2 .2349 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 3D. Average annual baseflow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

168 05367495 Popple Ck nr Sand Ck 45°06'12" 91°43'25" 05368000 8.04 0.3123 equation 169 05367497 Trout Ck nr Sand Ck 46°06'19" 91°41'31" 05333500 30 .3202 equation 170 05367515 Eighteenmile Ck nr Colfax 45°00'06" 91°41'29" 05368000 21.5 .4177 equation 171 05367630 Hay R at Cumberland 45°31'29" 92°00'58" 05368000 12 .6948 equation 172 05367642 Hay R nr Cumberland 45°27'03" 92°00'05" 05368000 27.9 .3318 equation 173 05367700 Lightning Ck at Almena 45°25'17" 92°01'57" 05368000 19 -- relation 174 05367750 Dority Ck nr Arland 45°17'32" 91°57'45" 05368000 7.62 .4931 equation 175 05367770 Hay R nr Prairie Farm 45°15'45" 91°58'49" 05368000 92.1 -- relation 176 05367772 Turtle Ck nr Turtle Lk 45°24'27" 92°05'15" 05368000 3.76 .5350 equation 177 05367800 Turtle Ck nr Almena 45°18'33" 92°03'02" 05368000 39.4 .2740 relation 178 05367807 Turtle Ck nr Arland 45°15'20" 92°00'13" 05368000 60.8 .2856 equation 179 05367834 Hay R nr Ridgeland 45°08'10" 91°56'14" 05368000 200 .4154 equation 180 05367860 Big Beaver Ck nr Wheeler 45°06'09" 91°56'44" 05368000 18.9 .0810 equation 181 05367880 S Fk Hay R at Reeve 45°14'19" 92°08'10" 05368000 15.8 .0095 equation 182 05367930 S Fk Hay R nr Boyceville 45°04'17" 92°02'08" 05368000 89.8 .3710 relation 183 05367942 Tiffany Ck at Glenwood City 45°02'47" 92°09'24" 05368000 13.7 .3310 relation 184 05367970 Beaver Ck at Downing 45°02'46" 92°07'32" 05368000 17.6 .2440 relation 185 05367975 Tiffany Ck at Boyceville 45°02'48" 92°02'08" 05368000 69.9 .2910 relation 186 05367995 S Fk Hay R nr Wheeler 45°03'19" 91°57'21" 05368000 180 .4331 equation 187 05368100 Otter Ck nr Wheeler 45°03'36" 91°52'43" 05368000 25.8 .2660 relation 188 05368120 Hay R nr Wheeler 45°02'19" 91°52'38" 05368000 466 .4015 equation 189 05368168 Lambs Ck nr Menomonie 44°59'02" 91°53'39" 05368000 10.5 .0325 equation 190 05368740 Wilson Ck nr Knapp 44°56'37" 92°02'10" 05368000 28 .3880 relation 191 05368785 Wilson Ck nr Menomonie 44°55'05" 91°57'54" 05368000 65.3 .4979 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 3D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Chippewa River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

192 05369030 Gilbert Ck at Menomonie 44°52'27" 91°56'30" 05368000 36.4 0.3530 relation 193 05369050 Irving Ck nr Irvington 44°50'35" 91°59'00" 05379500 8.54 .2777 equation 194 05369110 Little Elk Ck nr Downsville 44°48'08" 91°54'35" 05379500 15.4 .2416 equation 195 05369380 Bear Ck nr Durand 44°37'04" 91°53'25" 05379500 37.9 .2029 equation 196 05369400 Bear Ck nr Durand 44°38'42" 91°56'09" 05379500 48.1 .2530 relation 197 05369850 Carr Ck at Woodville 44°56'38" 92°17'24" 05368000 11.8 .0006 equation 198 05369900 Eau Galle R nr Woodville 44°54'18" 92°15'51" 05368000 39.4 .1212 equation 199 05370510 Cady Ck nr Elmwood 44°47'26" 92°06'25" 05379500 22.4 1.0493 equation 200 05370525 Knights Ck nr Won 44°47'34" 92°01'46" 05379500 19.1 .1952 equation 201 05370550 Eau Galle R at Eau Galle 44°41'31" 92°00'39" 05379500 181 .3258 equation 202 05370557 Missouri Ck at Eau Galle 44°41'55" 92°01'57" 05379500 28.2 .1430 equation 203 05370900 Spring Ck nr Durand 44°34'13" 91°57'48" 05379500 6.45 .1480 relation 204 05371000 Plum Ck at Plum City 44°38'13" 92°11'10" 05379500 31.6 .1130 relation 205 05371035 Porcupine Ck at Porcupine 44°35'03" 92°05'42" 05379500 7.24 .1633 equation 206 05371270 Little Bear Ck nr Misha Mokwa 44°29'55" 92°00'35" 05379500 48.4 .2555 equation 
1

0 5 10 MILES0 5 10 KILOMETERS

89°W

46°N

45°30'N

90°W

Upper Wisconsin River Basin

Recha

4

Upper Wisconsin

River Basin

WISCONSIN

Appendix 4–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Upper Wisconsin River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual recharg
!!

!

!

! !

!

!

! !

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! ! !

!

!

9

8

7

6 5

4

3

2

1

58

57

56 54 55

53

52

51

50

49 48

47 46

45

44

43

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

34 33

32

31 30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20 19

18

17

16

15

14 13

12

11

10 9

8

7

6 5

4

3

2

1

58

57

56 54 55

53

52

51

50

49 48

47 46

45

44

43

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

34 33

32

31 30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20 19

18

17

16

15

14 13

12

11

10

89°W

89°W

90°W

90°W

46°N

45°30'N

Upper Wisconsin River Basin

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

WISCONSIN

Subbasin boundary

Upper Wisconsin

River Basin

!

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

miscellaneous and partial

records site

Stream

4

42 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 4–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Upper Wisconsin River Basin and spatial distribution of 

estimated average annual recharge.
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004). 2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 4C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-streamflow-gaging stations in the Upper Wisconsin 

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamfl

(ft3/s)

1 05393500 Spirit R at Spirit Falls 81.6 1970–1999 BFI 0.3440 32 5.3 93 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.3 Recharge likely altered by regulation.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 4D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Upper Wisconsin River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index stationa Drainage area (mi2) Baseflow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Baseflow method 

1 05390140 Muskrat Ck at Conover 46°03'27" 89°15'24" 04061000 10.2 -- relation 2 05390170 Pioneer Ck at Conover 46°03'14" 89°15'27" 04061000 42 -- relation 3 05390450 Deerskin R nr Eagle R 46°00'11" 89°04'30" 04061000 32.4 -- relation 4 05390619 Rice Ck nr Eagle R 45°56'28" 89°19'27" 04061000 26.5 -- relation 5 05390725 Plum Ck nr Sayner 45°59'23" 89°33'14" 04061000 31.6 -- relation 6 05390741 Stella Ck nr Sayner 45°59'02" 89°28'02" 04061000 6.22 -- relation 7 05391028 Horsehead Ck nr Lk Tomahawk 45°46'17" 89°35'23" 05394500 5.58 0.3565 equation 8 05391042 Tom Doyle Ck nr Mc Naughton 45°43'57" 89°30'29" 05394500 10.2 .2925 equation 9 05391055 Newbold Ck nr Rhinelander 45°41'24" 89°30'20" 05394500 10.9 .2062 equation 

10 05391069 Skunk Ck nr Rhinelander 45°41'47" 89°27'04" 05394500 7.3 .1249 equation 

11 05391085 N Pine Lk Ck nr Rhinelander 45°44'14" 89°22'05" 04074950 14 .1290 relation 

12 05391088 Pine Lk Ck nr Rhinelander 45°41'44" 89°23'04" 05394500 26.3 .0203 equation 13 05391200 Monico Ck at Monico 45°34'39" 89°08'57" 04074950 20.8 .0090 relation 14 05391223 Neptune Ck nr Monico 45°35'04" 89°14'08" 04074950 9.04 .0526 equation 15 05391250 Gudegast Ck nr Rhinelander 45°42'27" 89°14'40" 04074950 12.4 .0620 relation 16 05391265 Lost Ck nr Sugar Camp 45°45'00" 89°19'16" 04074950 12.7 -- relation 17 05391269 Jennie Webber Ck nr Rhinelander 45°43'20" 89°18'57" 04074950 18.9 .2794 equation 18 05391278 Starks Ck nr Rhinelander 45°40'08" 89°15'06" 04074950 8.59 .6901 equation 19 053913035 Haymeadow Ck nr Rhinelander 45°35'40" 89°15'55" 04074950 20.5 .0103 equation 20 05391350 Lk George Ck nr Rhinelander 45°36'00" 89°18'42" 05394500 11.9 .1289 equation 21 05391360 Bergman Ck nr Rhinelander 45°34'44" 89°21'23" 05394500 5.48 .2370 equation 22 05391450 Pelican R at Rhinelander 45°37'43" 89°25'21" 05394500 264 -- relation 23 05391900 Noisy Ck nr Rhinelander 45°33'21" 89°26'54" 05394500 35.6 .1820 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area. 3 Recharge likely altered by regulation.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 4D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Upper Wisconsin River Basin—Con

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index stationa Drainage area (mi2) Baseflow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Baseflow method 

24 05391958 Crescent Ck nr Woodboro 45°34'37" 89°30'35" 05394500 14.8 0.0809 equation 25 05392020 Big Pine Ck nr Harrison 45°28'56" 89°34'30" 05394500 29.4 .3638 equation 26 05392031 Muskelunge Ck nr Tomahawk 45°29'48" 89°42'29" 05394500 8.18 .3238 equation 27 05392102 Tomahawk R nr Minocqua 45°53'00" 89°44'32" 05394500 73 .1135 equation 28 05392150 Mishonagon Ck nr Woodruff 45°54'41" 89°45'30" 04061000 17.6 1.4130 relation 29 05392202 Squirrel R nr Minocqua 45°50'25" 89°54'08" 05393500 15.5 1.8020 equation 30 05392220 Tomahawk R nr Hazelhurst 45°48'40" 89°49'05" 05394500 165 .3966 equation 31 05392227 Threemile Ck nr Hazelhurst 45°48'57" 89°46'22" 05394500 4.97 .0737 equation 32 05392233 Kaubashine Ck nr Hazelhurst 45°47'59" 89°48'04" 05394500 18.4 .5758 equation 33 05392240 Tomahawk R nr Hazelhurst 45°45'31" 89°50'44" 05394500 189 .3989 equation 34 05392290 Willow R nr Hazelhurst 45°45'37" 90°01'28" 05394500 9.92 .4350 relation 35 053922926 Thunder R nr Tripoli 45°41'56" 90°01'19" 05394500 11.8 .1124 equation 36 05392298 Swamsauger Ck nr Hazelhurst 45°43'55" 89°55'54" 05394500 15.8 .1867 equation 37 05392305 Bear Ck nr Goodnow 45°42'37" 89°48'10" 05394500 6.2 .5407 equation 38 05392320 Rocky Run Ck nr Goodnow 45°41'37" 89°45'31" 05394500 23.2 .8660 relation 39 05392350 Bearskin Ck nr Harshaw 45°38'43" 89°41'12" 05393500 31.1 1.1680 relation 40 05392378 Swamp Ck nr Bradley 45°37'08" 89°45'03" 05394500 11.7 .3778 equation 41 05392405 Rice Ck nr Harshaw 45°38'36" 89°36'21" 05394500 18.1 .4508 equation 42 05392407 Trout Ck nr Woodboro 45°36'26" 89°36'13" 05394500 2.22 2.1841 equation 43 05392410 Little Rice Ck nr Haefford Junction 45°34'00" 89°40'15" 05394500 36.9 .5867 equation 44 05392450 Little Rice R nr Bradley 45°35'43" 89°49'28" 05394500 21.4 .0890 relation 45 05392460 Brown Ck nr Mccord 45°38'18" 89°48'58" 05394500 7.49 .0824 equation 46 05393160 Somo Ck at Clifford 45°33'17" 90°02'36" 05393500 18.8 .0409 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.3 Recharge likely altered by regulation.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 4D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Upper Wisconsin River Basin—Con

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index stationa Drainage area (mi2) Baseflow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Baseflow method 

47 05393194 Scott Ck at Tripoli 45°33'44" 90°00'27" 05393500 11.3 0.0885 equation 48 05393200 Somo R nr Tripoli 45°32'20" 89°58'10" 05393500 43.5 .1230 relation 49 05393360 Johnson Ck nr Tomahawk 45°31'33" 89°52'03" 05393500 6.41 .0588 equation 50 05393380 Hay Ck nr Tomahawk 45°30'39" 89°49'17" 05393500 3.99 .0218 equation 51 05393402 Spirit R nr Spirit 45°24'01" 90°05'22" 05393500 22 .1943 equation 52 05393440 N Fk Spirit R nr Spirit 45°28'04" 90°05'38" 05393500 10.5 .0718 equation 53 05393450 Knox Ck nr Spirit 45°29'34" 90°06'16" 05393500 7.07 .0369 equation 54 05393460 N Fk Spirit R nr Spirit 45°27'14" 90°02'24" 05393500 22.8 .0559 equation 55 05393480 Ritchie Ck nr Spirit 45°27'11" 90°01'18" 05393500 7.15 .1115 equation 56 05393520 Squaw Ck at Spirit Falls 45°27'23" 89°58'27" 05393500 19.7 .1010 relation 57 05393560 Armstrong Ck nr Tomahawk 45°26'23" 89°50'58" 05393500 13 .0410 relation 58 05393572 Coffee Ck nr Tomahawk 45°25'29" 89°48'30" 05393500 4.68 .0372 equation 
1

7

6

5

4

3

2

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

88°W

46°N

45°N

89°W

Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River Basin

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Basin boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

Subbasin boundary

4

Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo

River Basin

WISCONSIN

Appendix 5. Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River Basin 47

Appendix 5–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River Basin and spatial distribution of 

average annual recharge.
!

!

! !

!

! !

!

! !

!

! !

! !! !!

!

!

!! ! ! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

! !!

! !

!

!

! !

! !

! ! !! !

!

! !

!

!

!

! ! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

! ! !

!

!

!

! ! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

! !

! !!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

9

8 7

6 5 4 3

2

1

99

98 97

96

95

94

93

92

91

89 90 88

87

86

85

82 83 84

81 80

79

78 77

76

75

74

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

63 62 61

60

59

58

57 56

55

54 53

52 51

50

49 48

46 47

45

44

43 42

41

40 39

36

38 37

35 34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27 26

25 23 24

22

21

20

19

17 18 16

15

14 13

11 10 12

130

129

128

127

126

125

123 124

122

121

120

118 119

117

116

115

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107 106

105

104

103

102

101

100

9

8 7

6 5 4 3

2

1

99

98 97

96

95

94

93

92

91

89 90 88

87

86

85

82 83 84

81 80

79

78 77

76

75

74

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

63 62 61

60

59

58

57 56

55

54 53

52 51

50

49 48

46 47

45

44

43 42

41

40 39

36

38 37

35 34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27 26

25 23 24

22

21

20

19

17 18 16

15

14 13

11 10 12

130

129

128

127

126

125

123 124

122

121

120

118 119

117

116

115

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107 106

105

104

103

102

101

100

88°W

89°W

46°N

45°N 45°N

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River Basin

WISCONSIN

Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo

River Basin

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

miscellaneous and partial

records site

Stream

4

Subbasin boundary

48 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 5–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River Basin and spatial 

distribution of estimated average annual recharge.
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004). 2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 5C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo 

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base 

flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamflo

(ft3/s)

1 04060993 Brule R nr Florence 366 1970–1999 BFI 0.8130 280 10.5 350 2 04063700 Popple R nr Fence 139 1970–1999 BFI .5980 68 6.6 120 3 04066500 Pike R at Amberg 255 1914–1970 ex rec -- 140 7.5 -- 4 04069500 Peshtigo R at Peshtigo 1,080 1970–1999 BFI .6350 600 7.6 950 5 04071000 Oconto R nr Gillett 705 1970–1999 BFI .7710 450 8.7 590 6 04071858 Pensaukee R nr Pensaukee 134 1973–1996 BFI .3370 31 3.1 92 7 04072150 Duck Ck nr Howard 108 1970–1999 ex rec -- 12 1.5 -- 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 5D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River 

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 04059800 Brule Ck nr Alvin 45°59'36" 88°51'44" 04063700 35.6 0.4800 relation 2 04060990 Montagne Ck nr Florence 45°57'13" 88°20'25" 04063700 14.6 .3000 relation 3 040636005 Pine R above Kimball Ck 45°50'30" 88°54'56" 04063700 15.3 .1078 equation 4 04063602 Kimball Ck nr Three Lks 45°50'01" 88°59'03" 04063700 3.09 .1654 equation 5 04063604 Kimball Ck at Mouth nr Three Lks 45°50'32" 88°54'56" 04063700 13.2 .1645 equation 6 04063611 Mcdonald Ck at Mouth 45°51'38" 88°52'36" 04063700 13.5 .3518 equation 7 04063635 N Br Pine R nr Alvin 45°54'16" 88°52'17" 04063700 12.6 .1871 equation 8 04063640 N Br Pine R nr Windsor Dam 45°55'43" 88°51'38" 04063700 27.8 .2530 relation 9 04063643 Pine R Below N Br nr Alvin 45°54'32" 88°50'05" 04063700 86 -- relation 

10 04063646 Pine R nr Alvin 45°51'39" 88°46'55" 04063700 93.3 .2675 equation 

11 04063648 Jones Ck nr Alvin 45°51'34" 88°48'16" 04063700 13.6 .2298 equation 

12 04063653 Pine R nr Long Lk 45°52'26" 88°41'10" 04063700 127 -- relation 13 040636535 Lilypad Ck nr Tipler 45°56'29" 88°42'06" 04063700 10 .3470 equation 14 04063654 Stevens Ck nr Tipler 45°55'43" 88°40'08" 04063700 18.2 -- relation 15 040636545 Meadowbrook Ck nr Tipler 45°54'00" 88°42'12" 04063700 8.98 .2102 equation 16 04063655 Stevens Ck nr Long Lk 45°53'29" 88°40'29" 04063700 30.9 .2430 equation 17 040636555 Pine R Tr nr Tipler 45°53'26" 88°39'53" 04063700 3.97 .0614 equation 18 04063656 Johnson Ck nr Tipler 45°53'09" 88°38'21" 04063700 7.95 .2340 equation 19 04063657 Pine R nr Tipler 45°52'57" 88°37'51" 04063700 171 .2783 equation 20 040636575 Coldwater Ck 45°49'51" 88°41'49" 04063700 3.59 .1399 equation 21 04063658 Long Lk Outlet at Long Lk 45°50'00" 88°40'04" 04063700 10.1 .2983 equation 22 04063659 Fay Lk Outlet nr Tipler 45°52'37" 88°35'42" 04063700 22.2 .2327 equation 23 040636595 Pine R Tr nr Tipler 45°52'49" 88°35'45" 04063700 4.16 .1690 equation 24 04063660 Pine R nr Tipler 45°53'37" 88°33'30" 04063700 204 -- relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 5D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River 

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

25 04063663 Lautermans Ck nr Tipler 45°53'36" 88°29'30" 04063700 14.5 0.0297 equation 26 04063664 Pine R nr Tipler 45°53'34" 88°29'38" 04063700 227 .2362 equation 27 040636645 Kieper Ck nr Florence 45°53'50" 88°27'42" 04063700 3.06 .1532 equation 28 04063665 Wakefield Ck nr Florence 45°55'02" 88°26'35" 04063700 2.58 .2495 equation 29 04063668 Pine R Tr nr Florence 45°53'04" 88°19'26" 04063700 7.43 .2452 equation 30 04063669 Seidel Ck nr Fence 45°51'29" 88°20'54" 04063700 4.37 .1546 equation 31 04063671 Pine R nr Florence 45°50'26" 88°20'22" 04063700 266 .2365 equation 32 04063672 Popple R nr Newald 45°47'45" 88°45'26" 04063700 36.5 .1703 equation 33 040636725 Little Popple R at Newald 45°44'27" 88°43'00" 04063700 9.29 .0560 equation 34 04063674 Popple R nr Long Lk 45°47'47" 88°40'05" 04063700 58.8 .1407 equation 35 04063677 Riley Ck nr Long Lk 45°47'34" 88°36'20" 04063700 2.22 .4250 equation 36 04063680 Popple R nr Fence 45°46'00" 88°31'40" 04063700 85.4 .1550 relation 37 04063690 S Br Popple R nr Fence 45°44'40" 88°33'35" 04063700 12.3 .3600 relation 38 04063693 Simpsons Ck nr Fence 45°44'05" 88°33'50" 04063700 15.4 .3382 equation 39 04063695 S Br Popple R nr Fence 45°45'13" 88°31'54" 04063700 32.1 .3170 equation 40 04063697 Rock Ck nr Fence 45°44'59" 88°29'00" 04063700 6.53 .3206 equation 41 04063699 Mud Ck nr Fence 45°44'58" 88°28'00" 04063700 7.55 .2090 equation 42 04063710 Hendricks Ck nr Fence 45°47'42" 88°25'17" 04063700 13 .3304 equation 43 04063720 Popple R nr Florence 45°48'00" 88°23'48" 04063700 161 .2357 equation 44 04063740 Lamon Tangue Ck nr Fence 45°45'53" 88°20'17" 04063700 14.4 .2972 equation 45 04063752 Lamon Tangue Cr nr Fence 45°48'17" 88°22'24" 04063700 24.1 .2717 equation 46 04063780 Haley Cr nr Fence 45°50'50" 88°27'19" 04063700 5.32 .2811 equation 47 04063790 Patten Cr nr Fence 45°50'46" 88°25'02" 04063700 5.67 .3183 equation 48 04063800 Woods Cr nr Fence 45°49'53" 88°23'17" 04066500 41.9 .3300 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 5D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River 

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

49 04064200 Halls Cr nr Florence 45°49'11" 88°16'57" 04063700 6.7 0.4125 equation 50 04064400 Pine R Tr nr Florence 45°51'37" 88°16'09" 04063700 7.77 .2522 equation 51 04064525 Johnson Cr nr Florence 45°50'46" 88°12'28" 04063700 4.63 .1169 equation 52 04064550 Pine Cr nr Florence 45°50'39" 88°10'46" 04063700 5.64 .0763 equation 53 04064580 Lepage Cr nr Spread Eagle 45°50'45" 88°10'09" 04063700 9.84 .2775 equation 54 04064600 Pine R nr Spread Eagle 45°50'24" 88°08'24" 04063700 563 .2693 equation 55 04064900 Little Popple R at Mouth nr Aurora 45°48'11" 88°06'43" 04066500 41.3 .3076 equation 56 04065950 N Br Pemebonwon R nr Pembine 45°39'36" 87°51'15" 04066500 77.5 .1401 equation 57 04065970 S Br Pemebonwon R nr Pembine 45°39'23" 88°02'25" 04066500 26.1 .1360 relation 58 04066015 Miscauno Ck nr Pembine 45°34'24" 87°51'17" 04066500 20.4 .3377 equation 59 04066050 Chemical Ck at Goodman 45°37'43" 88°21'00" 04066500 4.66 .2500 relation 60 04066250 S Br Pike R nr Dunbar 45°32'59" 88°11'03" 04066500 79.9 -- relation 61 04066280 N Br Pike R nr Goodman 45°38'38" 88°15'00" 04066500 33.5 .6856 equation 62 04066290 N Br Pike R nr Dunbar 45°38'16" 88°11'00" 04066500 57.2 .6588 equation 63 04066300 Cole Ck nr Dunbar 45°37'42" 88°06'09" 04066500 3.62 .1100 relation 64 04066400 N Br Pike R nr Amberg 45°34'06" 88°01'00" 04066500 107 .5584 equation 65 04066550 Pike R nr Wausaukee 45°26'49" 87°52'25" 04066500 287 .3604 equation 66 04066690 Wausaukee R nr Wausaukee 45°22'26" 87°55'28" 04066500 52.9 .3766 equation 67 04067690 S Br Peshtigo R nr Argonne 45°39'02" 88°49'00" 04066500 38.5 .3499 equation 68 04067700 N Br Peshtigo R nr Argonne 45°40'22" 88°49'07" 04066500 33.6 .2300 relation 69 04067750 Camp Eight Ck nr Cavour 45°39'06" 88°40'52" 04066500 13.6 .1940 relation 70 04067790 Peshtigo R nr Asmstrong Ck 45°33'44" 88°29'44" 04066500 203 .3337 equation 71 04067800 Armstrong Ck nr Armstrong Ck 45°39'29" 88°28'44" 04063700 23.2 .2300 relation 72 04067840 Peshtigo R nr Blackwell 45°30'42" 88°26'00" 04066500 268 .3631 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 5D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River 

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

73 04067882 Rat R at Laona 45°33'27" 88°40'00" 04066500 32 0.5500 relation 74 04067890 Rat R nr Laona 45°31'59" 88°39'00" 04066500 42.8 .6785 equation 75 04067900 Rat R nr Wabeno 45°29'00" 88°29'52" 04066500 82.1 .6410 relation 76 04067920 Rat R nr Wabeno 45°26'04" 88°21'00" 04066500 105 .6096 equation 77 04067950 Otter Ck nr Lkwood 45°24'44" 88°21'00" 04066500 32.1 .5937 equation 78 04067990 Eagle Ck nr athelstane 45°24'04" 88°11'10" 04066500 37.5 .2620 relation 79 04068100 N Fk Thunder R nr Lkwood 45°19'31" 88°19'40" 04066500 17 .4760 relation 80 04068190 S Fk Thunder R nr Mountain 45°17'09" 88°17'00" 04066500 21 .2882 equation 81 04068200 Thunder R nr Lkwood 45°16'58" 88°15'00" 04066500 53.5 .4689 equation 82 04069200 Middle Inlet at Middle Inlet 45°17'47" 87°58'37" 04066500 32.6 .6339 equation 83 04069290 Middle Inlet nr Middle Inlet 45°17'38" 87°56'16" 04066500 59.2 .4570 relation 84 04069295 Upper Inlet nr Mcallister 45°17'29" 87°50'01" 04066500 7.35 .1575 equation 85 04069297 Smith Ck nr Crivitz 45°15'21" 87°59'29" 04066500 11.3 -- relation 86 04069350 S Br Beaver Ck at Beaver 45°07'50" 88°01'02" 04066500 51 .3010 relation 87 04069380 Little Peshtigo R nr Colman 45°03'23" 88°05'00" 04071000 21.3 .3521 equation 88 04069387 Little Peshtigo R at Coleman 45°04'39" 88°02'00" 04071000 34.3 .2090 relation 89 04069390 Little Peshtigo R nr Coleman 45°03'54" 87°59'44" 04071000 41.6 .2180 relation 90 04069480 Trout Ck nr Peshtigo 45°03'35" 87°46'44" 04071000 24.4 .0309 equation 91 04069690 N Br Oconto R at Wabeno 45°26'32" 88°39'00" 04071000 31.3 -- relation 92 04069800 N Br Oconto R nr Carter 45°23'50" 88°34'00" 04071000 58.2 .3995 equation 93 04069900 N Br Oconto R nr Lkwood 45°20'13" 88°27'00" 04071000 98.3 .5558 equation 94 04070063 Mccaslin Bk nr Lkwood 45°18'04" 88°29'00" 04071000 53.1 .3200 relation 95 04070100 N Br Oconto R nr Mountain 45°13'57" 88°28'30" 04071000 174 .5240 relation 96 04070300 Waupee Ck nr Mountain 45°07'52" 88°26'01" 04071000 51.4 .3380 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 5D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River 

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

97 04070420 S Br Oconto R nr Langlade 45°11'34" 88°40'00" 04071000 24 0.5432 equation 98 04070600 Hills Pond Ck nr Langlade 45°11'50" 88°37'15" 04071000 8.92 .9280 relation 99 04070606 S Br Oconto R nr Boulder Lk 45°10'17" 88°37'07" 04071000 50.47 .6024 equation 

100 04070680 1st S Br Oconto R nr Mountain 45°12'14" 88°31'00" 04071000 20.2 .5389 equation 101 04070720 S Br Oconto R nr Breed 45°03'40" 88°31'24" 04071000 143 .6156 equation 102 04070800 Pecore Ck nr Hayes 45°00'28" 88°26'55" 04071000 31.2 .3930 relation 103 04070850 Peshtigo Bk nr Suring 45°06'48" 88°16'00" 04071000 60.5 .0920 equation 104 04070860 Peshtigo Bk nr Suring 45°02'31" 88°20'00" 04071000 109 .1227 equation 105 04070950 Linzy Ck nr Underhill 44°55'09" 88°26'00" 04071000 35.8 .4699 equation 106 04071090 Christie Ck at Gillett 44°53'38" 88°18'00" 04071000 7.27 .1330 relation 107 04071100 Christie Ck nr Gillett 44°52'43" 88°16'00" 04071000 12.7 .1908 equation 108 04071500 Oconto R at Stiles 44°51'31" 88°03'00" 04071000 771 .3879 equation 109 04071703 Little R nr Lena 45°00'09" 88°01'00" 04071000 23.2 .0719 equation 

110 04071720 Kelly Bk nr Oconto Falls 44°57'05" 88°09'00" 04071000 57.9 .0959 equation 

111 04071730 Kelly Bk nr Lena 44°58'22" 88°12'45" 04071000 80 .0660 relation 

112 04071733 Kelly Bk nr Lena 44°59'24" 88°01'00" 04071000 81.44 .0461 equation 113 04071746 Little R atLena, Little R Tr at Lena 44°57'23" 88°02'00" 04071000 2.41 .2027 equation 114 04071760 Little R nr Stiles 44°53'19" 88°00'00" 04071000 170 .0542 equation 115 04071788 Pensaukee R nr Zachow 44°43'09" 88°19'00" 04071000 19.3 .1000 relation 116 04071795 Pensaukee R nr Krakow 44°45'09" 88°16'35" 04071000 35.8 .0167 equation 117 04071800 Pensaukee R nr Pulaski 44°45'48" 88°15'07" 04071000 48.8 -- relation 118 04071843 N Br Pensaukee R nr Sampson 44°47'36" 88°09'18" 04071000 39.9 .0453 equation 119 04071850 Pensaukee R nr Abrams 44°47'28" 88°02'56" 04071000 116 .0600 relation 

120 04071888 Little Suamico R nr Pulaski 44°41'03" 88°12'58" 04071000 9.73 -- relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 5D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River 

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

121 04071894 Little Suamico R Tr nr Pulaski 44°41'17" 88°11'06" 04071000 9.05 0.0126 equation 122 04071899 Little Suamico R Tr nr Pulaski 44°40'57" 88°11'02" 04071000 6.87 .0180 equation 123 04071906 Little Suamico R nr Sobieski 44°42'34" 88°04'09" 04071000 45.9 -- relation 124 04071915 Little Suamico R at Little Suamico 44°42'38" 88°00'48" 04071000 59.5 .0165 equation 125 04072000 Suamico R at Suamico 44°37'55" 88°03'09" 04071000 55.64 .0440 relation 126 04072036 Duck Ck nr Freedom 44°25'55" 88°14'45" 04071000 24 .0050 equation 127 04072041 Duck Ck Tr nr Oneida 44°26'40" 88°13'53" 04071000 17.1 .0122 equation 128 04072050 Duck Ck nr Oneida 44°27'57" 88°13'08" 04071000 95.5 .0030 relation 129 04072175 Trout Ck nr Oneida 44°31'24" 88°08'48" 04071000 14.9 .0687 equation 130 04084426 Mud Ck at Appleton 44°20'53" 88°23'00" 04071000 10.4 .0453 equation 
6

5

4

3

2

1

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS 91°W

44°N

45°N

92°W

Trempealeau-Black River Basin

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

4

TrempealeauBlack

River Basin

WISCONSIN

56 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 6–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Trempealeau-Black River Basin and spatial distribution of average 

annual recharge.
! !

!

! !!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!! !

!

!

!

! !!

!

! !

!! !

!

! !

!!

!

!

!

!

! !

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

! !

!

!

! !

! !

!

! !! !!

!

! !

! ! ! !

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!! ! !

!

!

!

! ! !

!

! !

!!

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2 1

99

98

97 96

95

94

93

92

91 90

89

87

86 85 84

83

82 81

80

79 78

77

76 75

74

73 72

71 70

69

68

66 67

65

64

63

62

61

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52 51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44 43

42 41

40

39

38

37

36 35

34 33 32

15

14

13

12

11

10

112

111

110

109

108

107 106

105

104

103

102

101 100

29

28

30

27

26

23

25 24 21

20

22

19

18

16

17

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2 1

99

98

97 96

95

94

93

92

91 90

89 88

87

86 85 84

83

82 81

80

79 78

77

76 75

74

73 72

71 70

69

68

66 67

65

64

63

62

61

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52 51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44 43

42 41

40

39

38

37

36 35

34 33 32

15

14

13

12

11

10

112

111

110

109

108

107 106

105

104

103

102

101 100

29

28

30

27

26

23

25 24 21

20

22

19

18

16

17

91°W

92°W

45°N

44°N

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS 43°N

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

Trempealeau-Black

River Basin

!

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

miscellaneous and partial

records site

Stream

4

Trempealeau-Black River Basin

WISCONSIN

Subbasin boundary

!31

Appendix 6. Trempealeau-Black River Basin 57

Appendix 6–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Trempealeau-Black River Basin and spatial distribution of 

estimated average annual recharge.
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004).

2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 6C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Trempealeau-Black River Bas

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base 

flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamfl

(ft3/s)

1 05372000 Buffalo R nr Tell 406 1970–1999 ex rec -- 270 9.0 -- 2 05379500 Trempealeau R at Dodge 643 1970–1999 BFI 0.7590 400 8.5 530 3 05381000 Black R at Neillsville 749 1970–1999 BFI .3130 200 3.7 660 4 05382000 Black R nr Galesville 2080 1970–1999 BFI .5390 1,000 6.7 2,000 5 05383000 La Crosse R nr W Salem 396 1915–1970 ex rec -- 280 9.7 -- 6 05386500 Coon Ck at Coon Valley 77.2 1936–1940;

1979–1981

ex rec -- 45 7.9 -- 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 6D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Trempealeau-Black River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 05371798 N Fk Buffalo R nr Osseo 44°35'07" 91°05'40" 05379500 8.93 0.2748 equation 2 05371830 Buffalo R at Osseo 44°34'41" 91°14'48" 05379500 72.8 -- relation 3 05371850 Buffalo R at Strum 44°33'16" 91°23'36" 05379500 123 -- relation 4 05371860 Buffalo R at Eleva 44°34'26" 91°28'09" 05379500 165 -- relation 5 05371895 Buffalo R at Mondovi 44°33'35" 91°40'38" 05379500 238 -- relation 6 05371910 Harvey Ck at Mondovi 44°34'06" 91°41'27" 05379500 36.9 .2000 equation 7 05371960 Tamarack Ck at Mondovi 44°27'14" 91°47'48" 05379500 15.4 .2149 equation 8 05377700 Cochrane Ditch at Cochrane 44°12'57" 91°49'59" 05379500 17.7 -- relation 9 05378050 Waumandee Ck nr Waumandee 44°19'34" 91°41'22" 05379500 41.6 -- relation 

10 05378060 Waumandee Ck at Waumandee 44°17'54" 91°42'14" 05379500 56.1 .4613 equation 

11 05378100 Little Waumandee Ck nr Cream 44°16'42" 91°45'17" 05379500 46.2 .3940 relation 

12 05378200 Eagle Ck nr Fountain City 44°09'49" 91°42'28" 05379500 26.6 .3500 relation 13 05379180 Trempealeau R at Hixton 44°23'07" 91°00'48" 05379500 57.6 -- relation 14 05379200 Trempealeau R at Taylor 44°19'38" 91°07'30" 05379500 110 .3720 relation 15 05379212 Tappen Coulee at Blair 44°17'31" 91°13'42" 05379500 4.48 -- relation 16 05379220 Lyons Ck nr Nfield 44°28'06" 91°04'07" 05379500 2.18 .1444 equation 17 05379224 Ellison Coulee nr Nfield 44°28'07" 91°04'29" 05379500 2.49 .2140 equation 18 05379226 Pigeon Ck at Nfield 44°27'44" 91°05'40" 05379500 13.9 .5977 equation 19 05379228 May Coulee nr York 44°27'02" 91°07'05" 05379500 2.85 .1990 equation 20 05379230 Beaver Ck nr Nfield 44°28'55" 91°07'13" 05379500 3.38 .3036 equation 21 05379232 Beaver Ck at York 44°26'59" 91°08'39" 05379500 6.58 .3702 equation 22 05379234 Pigeon Ck at York 44°27'52" 91°09'13" 05379500 33.7 .4059 equation 23 05379238 Schermerhorn Ck nr York 44°25'39" 91°07'45" 05379500 3.06 .1281 equation 24 05379240 Schermerhorn Ck nr York 44°26'20" 91°10'17" 05379500 6.06 .2010 equation 25 05379242 Pigeon Ck nr Pigeon Falls 44°26'12" 91°11'27" 05379500 43.5 .4782 equation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measuremAppendix 6

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Trempealeau-Black River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

26 05379244 Big Slough nr Pigeon Falls 44°24'49" 91°10'11" 05379500 4.67 0.1752 equation 27 05379248 Big Slough nr Pigeon Falls 44°26'02" 91°11'16" 05379500 8.53 .2031 equation 28 05379249 Pigeon Ck at Pigeon Falls 44°25'36" 91°12'41" 05379500 58.4 -- relation 29 05379254 Pigeon Ck nr Pigeon Falls 44°24'15" 91°14'33" 05379500 65.6 .4432 equation 30 05379260 Fitch Coulee nr Pigeon Falls 44°24'03" 91°14'37" 05379500 5.11 .2266 equation 31 05379263 Thompson Coulee nr Whitehall 44°23'14" 91°16'33" 05379500 2.06 .2239 equation 32 05379268 Fly Ck nr Blair 44°21'07" 91°13'24" 05379500 2.39 .2513 equation 33 05379275 Fly Ck nr Whitehall 44°22'23" 91°17'29" 05379500 9.54 .2372 equation 34 05379276 Trempealeau R at Whitehall 44°22'19" 91°18'57" 05379500 323 -- relation 35 05379296 Elk Ck nr Independence 44°25'46" 91°23'49" 05379500 56.2 .3174 equation 36 05379300 Elk Ck at Elk Ck 44°25'43" 91°24'02" 05379500 80.2 .2190 relation 37 05379320 Elk Ck at Independence 44°21'30" 91°25'11" 05379500 113 -- relation 38 05379550 Tamarack Ck nr Galesville 44°06'25" 91°27'54" 05379500 34.6 .1682 equation 39 05380801 Black R nr Whittlesey 45°12'21" 90°21'43" 05381000 34.8 .1034 equation 40 05380807 Black R at Medford 45°08'04" 90°20'41" 05381000 48.1 -- relation 41 05380820 Little Black R nr Medford 45°06'41" 90°19'45" 05381000 54.7 .0170 equation 42 05380825 Black R nr Medford 45°06'34" 90°21'17" 05381000 114 .0833 equation 43 05380870 Pine Ck nr Medford 45°03'44" 90°33'24" 05381000 36.7 .0230 relation 44 05380880 Mckenzie Ck nr Lublin 45°02'45" 90°38'20" 05381000 22.4 -- relation 45 05380886 Black R nr Withee 44°56'33" 90°38'35" 05381000 324 .0810 equation 46 05380889 S Fk Poplar R nr Riplingler 44°53'23" 90°27'37" 05381000 49.1 .0266 equation 47 05380891 N Fk Poplar R at Dorchester 44°59'55" 90°20'08" 05381000 2.41 -- relation 48 05380895 N Fk Poplar R nr Owen 44°56'37" 90°31'04" 05381000 52.6 -- relation 49 05380900 Poplar R nr Owen 44°53'10" 90°34'17" 05381000 155 .0460 relation 50 05380915 Black R at Greenwood 44°46'12" 90°36'18" 05381000 527 -- relation 51 05380945 Bear Ck at Loyal 44°44'32" 90°29'45" 05381000 3.32 -- relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 6D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Trempealeau-Black River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

52 05380950 Rock Ck at Greenwood 44°45'30" 90°35'52" 05381000 77 -- relation 53 05380970 Cawley Ck nr Neillsville 44°36'41" 90°34'29" 05381000 38.2 0.0520 relation 54 05380985 S Br O'Neill Ck at Granton 44°35'25" 90°27'40" 05381000 16.4 -- relation 55 05380990 S Br O'Neill Ck nr Neillsville 44°33'59" 90°32'14" 05381000 22.5 -- relation 56 05381055 Cunningham Ck nr Neillsville 44°31'01" 90°34'42" 05381000 44.4 .0121 equation 57 05381090 Wedges Ck nr Neillsville 44°34'24" 90°43'21" 05381000 61.2 .0489 equation 58 05381110 Wedges Ck nr Neillsville 44°30'58" 90°42'46" 05381000 110 -- relation 59 05381150 E Fk Black R nr Pittsville 44°27'12" 90°18'28" 05381000 37 .0050 equation 60 05381167 E Fk Black R nr Pray 44°24'15" 90°29'51" 05381000 238 -- relation 61 05381170 Rock Ck nr Neillsville 44°26'21" 90°35'54" 05402000 27.3 .0480 equation 62 05381173 E Fk Black R nr Hatfield 44°25'04" 90°38'22" 05381000 292 .0197 equation 63 05381240 Morrison Ck nr Hatfield 44°22'40" 90°43'16" 05379500 104 .0685 equation 64 05381250 Hay Ck nr Hatfield 44°22'29" 90°43'14" 05379500 7.83 .1206 equation 65 05381260 Dickey Ck nr Hatfield 44°20'30" 90°44'41" 05379500 11.9 .1238 equation 66 05381283 S Fk Halls Ck at Alma Center 44°26'24" 90°54'44" 05379500 8.91 -- relation 67 05381285 Halls Ck at Merrillan 44°26'50" 90°50'22" 05379500 47.2 -- relation 68 05381290 Halls Ck nr Black R Falls 44°22'01" 90°47'10" 05379500 89.3 .1837 equation 69 05381350 Levis Ck nr Black R Falls 44°18'42" 90°48'23" 05379500 39 .1860 relation 70 05381400 Robinson Ck nr Black R Falls 44°11'48" 90°50'21" 05379500 108 .3401 equation 71 05381420 Trout Run nr Melrose 44°12'18" 90°55'49" 05379500 13.7 .5232 equation 72 05381450 Big Ck nr Cataract 44°08'08" 90°54'26" 05383000 64.6 .6030 relation 73 05381495 Douglas Ck at Melrose 44°07'56" 90°59'35" 05379500 22.8 -- relation 74 05381800 Fleming Ck at Stevenstown 44°02'17" 91°10'09" 05379500 39.5 .3060 relation 75 05382010 Beaver Ck nr Taylor 44°13'16" 91°05'22" 05379500 5.62 .1811 equation 76 05382022 Beaver Ck nr Hegg 44°12'43" 91°09'26" 05379500 17.8 .2166 equation 77 05382027 N Fk Beaver Ck at Hegg 44°12'38" 91°10'40" 05379500 20.1 .2429 equation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measuremAppendix 6

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Trempealeau-Black River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

78 05382044 Bear Ck nr Beachs Corners 44°13'21" 91°14'21" 05379500 3.01 0.3065 equation 79 05382048 Bear Ck Tr nr Beachs Corners 44°13'16" 91°14'37" 05379500 2.53 .1789 equation 80 05382051 Bear Ck at Beaches Corners 44°12'37" 91°14'21" 05379500 7.21 .2632 equation 81 05382060 N Fk Beaver Ck at Ettrick 44°10'03" 91°16'13" 05379500 50.8 -- relation 82 05382071 German Coulee nr N Bend 44°09'56" 91°07'10" 05379500 2.67 .0937 equation 83 05382080 S Fk Beaver Ck nr N Bend 44°08'28" 91°10'54" 05379500 15.4 .0896 equation 84 05382087 S Fk Beaver Ck Tr nr Ettrick 44°09'12" 91°12'36" 05379500 5.3 .1980 equation 85 05382100 S Fk Beaver Ck at Ettrick 44°09'55" 91°16'05" 05379500 33.4 .1640 relation 86 05382120 Beaver Ck nr Ettrick 44°08'52" 91°19'21" 05379500 90.9 .2547 equation 87 05382130 French Ck nr Ettrick 44°13'32" 91°19'25" 05379500 2.13 .3760 equation 88 05382180 French Ck Tr nr Ettrick 44°11'31" 91°18'22" 05379500 2.23 .1015 equation 89 05382200 French Ck nr Ettrick 44°11'04" 91°18'49" 05379500 14.7 .3170 relation 90 05382204 French Ck Tr nr Ettrick 44°10'18" 91°19'24" 05379500 2.57 .1524 equation 91 05382206 French Ck nr Ettrick 44°08'57" 91°19'30" 05379500 22 .2548 equation 92 05382209 Beaver Ck nr Galesville 44°07'02" 91°20'18" 05379500 124 .2560 equation 93 05382211 Beaver Ck at Galesville 44°04'26" 91°21'58" 05379500 139 -- relation 94 05382237 Halfway Ck at Holmen 43°57'50" 91°15'25" 05379500 30.4 -- relation 95 05382265 La Crosse R nr Angelo 44°00'30" 90°42'59" 05379500 59.2 -- relation 96 05382280 Silver Ck nr Sparta 43°56'30" 90°40'49" 05382500 14.8 .4500 relation 97 05382330 La Crosse R at Sparta 43°56'11" 90°48'39" 05379500 167 -- relation 98 05382380 Little La Crosse R at Cashton 43°45'59" 90°47'52" 05408000 2.97 -- relation 99 05382410 Little La Crosse R at Helvina 43°48'21" 90°46'15" 05408000 18.3 -- relation 

100 05382500 Little La Crosse R nr Leon 43°53'45" 90°50'25" 05379500 76.8 .3322 equation 101 05382560 La Crosse R at Rockland 43°54'48" 90°55'11" 05379500 284 -- relation 102 05382590 Dutch Ck nr Bangor 43°52'41" 90°59'53" 05379500 16.4 .4509 equation 103 05382610 La Crosse R at Bangor 43°54'02" 90°59'38" 05379500 332 -- relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 6D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Trempealeau-Black River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

104 05383050 Bostwick Ck nr Barre Mills 43°51'53" 91°07'37" 05379500 40.3 0.2905 equation 105 05386300 Morman Ck nr La Crosse 43°46'00" 91°08'27" 05382500 25.2 .3800 relation 106 05386850 Coon Ck at Chaseburg 43°39'28" 91°05'22" 05379500 104 -- relation 107 05387005 Coon Ck nr Stoddard 43°39'10" 91°09'58" 05379500 128 .4184 equation 108 05387090 Springville Br Bad Axe R at 

Springville

43°35'00" 90°56'20" 05382500 8.73 -- relation 

109 05387100 N Fk Bad Axe R nr Genoa 43°33'10" 91°08'58" 05408000 80.8 .3000 relation 

110 05388370 Rush Ck nr Ferryville 43°23'22" 91°07'36" 05408500 44.8 .2530 relation 

111 05388375 Sugar Ck at Ferryville 43°22'04" 91°08'22" 05408000 25.1 -- relation 

112 05388380 Copper Ck nr Mt Sterling 43°18'58" 90°59'59" 05409890 14.2 .3900 relation 
Central 

Wisconsin

River Basin

WISCONSIN

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2 1

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

89°W

45°N

44°N

90°W

Central Wisconsin River Basin

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Basin boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

Subbasin boundary

4

64 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 7–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Central Wisconsin River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual 

recharge.
!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! ! !

!

!

!

! !

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

! !

! !

!

!

! !

! ! !

!

! ! !

!

!!

!

!

! ! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

! ! !

!

! !

!

!

! ! !

! !

!

!

!!

!

! !

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

! !

!

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

miscellaneous and partial

records site

Central Wisconsin

River Basin

Tomah

Stream

4

WISCONSIN

Subbasin boundary

9

8

7

6

5

4 3

2

1

99

98

96 97

95

94

93 92

91 90 89

88

87

86 85

84

83 82

81

80

79

78

77

76

75

74

73

72

71

70

69 67 68 66

65

64

63

62

61 60 59

58

55 56 57

54 53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46 44 45

43

42

41

40

38

39

37

36

35 34

33

31 32

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23 22

21

20

19 18

17

16

15

14 13 12

11

10

122

120 121

119

118

117

115 116

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107

106

105

104 103

102

101

100

9

8

7

6

5

4 3

2

1

99

98

96 97

95

94

93 92

91 90 89

88

87

86 85

84

83 82

81

80

79

78

77

76

75

74

73

72

71

70

69 67 68 66

65

64

63

62

61 60 59

58

55 56 57

54 53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46 44 45

43

42

41

40

38

39

37

36

35 34

33

31 32

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23 22

21

20

19 18

17

16

15

14 13 12

11

10

122

120 121

119

118

117

115 116

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107

106

105

104 103

102

101

100

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

Central Wisconsin River Basin

45°N 45°N

44°N 44°N

89°W

90°W

Appendix 7. Central Wisconsin River Basin 65

Appendix 7–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Central Wisconsin River Basin and spatial distribution 

of estimated average annual recharge.
Appendix 7C. Average annual baseflow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for gaging stations in the Central Wisconsin River Basin.

1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004).

2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamfl

(ft3/s)

1 05394000 New Wood R nr Merrill 82.2 1953–1961 ex rec -- 22 3.6 -- 2 05394500 Prairie R nr Merrill 184 1970–1999 BFI 0.6440 110 8.4 180 3 05396000 Rib R at Rib Falls 303 1926–1957 ex rec -- 100 4.7 -- 4 05397110 Eau Claire R nr Antigo 185 1975–1981 ex rec -- 72 5.3 -- 5 05397500 Eau Claire R at Kelly 375 1970–1999 BFI .5230 140 4.9 260 6 05398500 Bull Ck Jr nr Rothschild 27.4 1945–1951 ex rec -- 10 5.0 -- 7 05399000 Big Eau Pleine R nr Colby 78.1 1942–1954 ex rec -- 7.4 1.3 -- 8 05399500 Big Eau Pleine R at Stratford 224 1970–1999 BFI .1850 32 1.9 180 9 05400500 Plover R nr Stevens Point 145 1915–1919;

1945–1951

ex rec -- 120 10.8 -- 

10 05400650 Little Plover R at Plover 19 1960–1987 ex rec -- 9.6 6.9 -- 

11 05401020 Tenmile Ck Ditch 5 nr Bancroft 9.73 1965–1973 ex rec -- 7.0 9.8 -- 

12 05401050 Tenmile Ck nr Nekoosa 73.3 1970–1999 BFI .8730 54 10.0 63 13 05401100 Fourteenmile Ck nr New Rome 91.1 1965–1979 ex rec -- 31 4.6 -- 14 05401535 Big Roche A Cri Ck nr Adams 52.8 1964–1978 ex rec -- 61 15.7 -- 15 05402000 Yellow R at Babcock 215 1970–1999 BFI .2580 48 3.0 190 16 05403500 Lemonweir R at New Lisbon 507 1945–1987 ex rec -- 240 6.4 -- 17 05403630 Hulbert Ck nr Wisconsin Dells 11.2 1971–1977 ex rec -- 4.2 5.1 -- 18 05403700 Dell Ck nr Lake Delton 44.9 1958–1980 ex rec -- 26 7.9 -- 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 7D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Central Wisconsin River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 05393630 Little Pine Ck nr Tomahawk 45°23'30" 89°39'05" 05394500 21 0.2390 relation 2 05393850 Center Fk New Wood R nr Spirit 

Falls

45°22'24" 89°59'56" 05393500 5.43 .0721 equation 

3 05393910 New Wood R nr Irma 45°18'28" 89°53'21" 05393500 53 .1360 relation 4 05393916 Averill Ck nr New Wood 45°19'23" 89°51'49" 05393500 10.6 .0711 equation 5 05394002 New Wood R nr Merrill 45°14'31" 89°48'45" 05393500 85.9 .0709 equation 6 05394110 M Fk Copper R nr Hamburg 45°12'22" 89°55'12" 05393500 16.4 .1526 equation 7 05394130 S Fk Copper R nr Hamburg 45°11'07" 89°53'06" 05393500 15.8 .1183 equation 8 05394160 Copper R nr Hamburg 45°12'23" 89°47'10" 05393500 94.4 .1250 relation 9 05394200 Devil Ck nr Merrill 45°08'56" 89°47'13" 05393500 9.58 .1320 relation 

10 05394207 Devil Ck at Merrill 45°10'15" 89°43'07" 05393500 27.1 .0548 equation 

11 05394250 Prairie R at Parrish 45°25'04" 89°24'06" 05394500 37.3 .4199 equation 

12 05394310 Prairie R nr Gleason 45°20'10" 89°27'53" 05394500 61.4 .6206 equation 13 05394380 N Br Prairie R nr Gleason 45°19'57" 89°31'37" 05394500 34.8 .2790 relation 14 05394420 Silver Ck nr Parrish 45°20'39" 89°25'27" 05394500 4.08 .1790 equation 15 05394450 Big Hay Meadow Ck nr Gleason 45°17'24" 89°29'10" 05394500 32.3 .1507 equation 16 05394750 Meadow Ck nr Merrill 45°14'08" 89°40'02" 05394500 23.8 .1290 equation 17 05394768 Barnes Ck nr Merrill 45°12'13" 89°38'14" 05394500 9.9 .1147 equation 18 05394797 Prairie Ck at Merrill 45°10'55" 89°42'01" 05394500 231 .4046 equation 19 05395030 Pine R nr Merrill 45°11'27" 89°27'58" 05394500 55.2 .0520 relation 20 05395063 Pine R nr Merrill 45°09'26" 89°35'50" 05394500 118 .1114 equation 21 05395068 County Line Ck nr Merrill 45°06'14" 89°38'24" 05394500 12.7 .1285 equation 22 05395130 Trappe R nr Wausau 45°04'09" 89°34'07" 05394500 73.6 .0310 relation 23 053951312 Trappe R nr Brokaw 45°04'31" 89°36'30" 05394500 79.2 .0791 equation 24 05395504 Sheep Ranch Ck at Rib Lk 45°18'59" 90°13'01" 05393500 7.84 .1160 relation 25 05395550 Wood Ck nr Rib Lk 45°15'07" 90°07'44" 05396000 31.4 .2280 relation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS streamflow-gaging stations to establish a relation between measure

discharge. The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous Appendix 7

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Central Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

26 05395580 Rib R nr Goodrich 45°13'24" 90°07'16" 05393500 71.8 0.0941 equation 27 05395650 Rib R at Goodrich 45°08'59" 90°03'34" 05393500 131 .0866 equation 28 05395700 Rib R nr Hamburg 45°05'27" 89°59'41" 05393500 159 .0790 equation 29 05395750 Rib R nr athens 45°02'51" 89°57'17" 05393500 193 .0792 equation 30 05395850 Black Ck above Beaver Ck 45°03'58" 90°08'23" 05399500 25.4 .0296 equation 31 05395870 Black Ck at athens 45°02'09" 90°04'24" 05399500 39.9 .0780 relation 32 05395900 Black Ck nr athens 45°01'58" 90°01'48" 05393500 58.8 .0331 equation 33 05396015 Rib R nr Marathon 44°56'39" 89°51'36" 05393500 316 .0696 equation 34 05396060 Scotch Ck at Edgar 44°55'12" 89°57'02" 05399500 16.9 .0470 relation 35 05396200 Rib R at Marathon 44°56'06" 89°50'25" 05393500 365 .1250 relation 36 05396400 Little Rib R nr Hamburg 45°01'01" 89°46'14" 05397500 51 .1408 equation 37 05396830 E Br Eau Claire R nr Kempster 45°17'48" 89°05'06" 05397500 38.6 .0040 equation 38 05396920 E Br Eau Claire R at Deerbrook 45°14'02" 89°09'33" 05397500 65.7 .2430 relation 39 05397015 E Br Eau Claire R nr Antigo 45°09'39" 89°14'24" 05397500 87.2 -- relation 40 05397025 W Br Eau Claire R nr Kempster 45°17'33" 89°17'18" 05397500 17 .1722 equation 

41 05397030 Sucker Cr nr Dempster 45°15'28" 89°14'42" 05397500 6.93 .1305 equation 42 05397045 W Br Eau Claire R nr Antigo 45°12'08" 89°14'37" 05397500 51.9 .2565 equation 43 05397085 Black Bk Tr nr Antigo 45°10'54" 89°16'22" 05397500 11.4 .0787 equation 44 05397090 W Br Eau Claire R nr Antigo 45°08'25" 89°15'17" 05397500 89.7 .1290 relation 45 05397100 Eau Claire R nr Antigo 45°08'29" 89°14'15" 05397500 179 .2030 relation 46 05397120 Eau Claire R Tr nr Antigo 45°07'33" 89°13'24" 05397500 15 .0834 equation 47 05397140 Eau Claire R nr Antigo 45°05'13" 89°15'06" 05397500 215 .2309 equation 48 05397200 Spring Bk nr Antigo 45°04'18" 89°13'26" 05397500 79.2 .1380 relation 49 05398100 Black Ck nr Mosinee 44°51'04" 89°40'29" 05399500 13 .0880 relation 50 05398233 Fourmile Ck nr Mosinee 44°50'26" 89°42'08" 05397500 24.3 .4011 equation 51 05398800 W Br Big Eau Pleine R nr 

Abbotsford

44°58'25" 90°15'33" 05399500 33.1 .0175 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 7D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Central Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

52 05398950 Big Eau Pleine R nr Abbotsford 44°55'52" 90°15'02" 05399500 73.1 0.0228 equation 53 05399210 Randall Ck nr Colby 44°54'07" 90°11'33" 05399500 30.9 .0181 equation 54 05399250 Dill Ck at Colby 44°54'28" 90°20'09" 05399500 12.3 .0670 relation 55 05399350 Dill Ck nr Unity 44°51'50" 90°13'06" 05399500 46.7 .0251 equation 56 05399400 Big Ea Pleine R nr Stratford 44°51'05" 90°09'00" 05399500 174 .0307 equation 57 05399448 Hamann Ck nr Stratford 44°51'31" 90°06'35" 05399500 25.8 .0182 equation 58 05399479 Noisy Ck nr Stratford 44°49'21" 90°05'44" 05399500 12.7 .0102 equation 59 05399550 Fenwood Ck nr Stratford 44°48'03" 89°58'25" 05399500 36.9 .0421 equation 60 05399580 Freeman Ck nr Halder 44°47'11" 89°51'44" 05399500 26.5 .1210 relation 61 05400005 Peplin Ck nr Mosinee 44°46'18" 89°38'34" 05397500 6.37 .0030 equation 62 05400030 Johnson Ck nr Knowlton 44°42'51" 89°37'46" 05397500 28.6 .0515 equation 63 05400040 Little Eau Claire R nr Knowlton 44°40'49" 89°36'28" 05397500 49.2 .0274 equation 64 05400041 Little Eau Clair R Tr nr Dancy 44°40'34" 89°36'28" 05397500 3.95 .2045 equation 65 05400050 Little Eau Pleine R nr Spencer 44°46'18" 90°15'05" 05399500 28.2 .0142 equation 66 05400100 Little Eau Plein R nr Marshfield 44°43'20" 90°05'58" 05399500 78 .0070 relation 67 05400150 Little Eau Pleine R nr Rozeville 44°42'21" 90°01'27" 05399500 119 .0225 equation 68 05400200 Little Eau Pleine R nr Auburndale 44°42'21" 89°57'51" 05399500 147 .0266 equation 69 05400250 Little Eau Pleine R nr Millador 44°42'53" 89°51'55" 05399500 200 .0390 equation 70 05400300 Hay Meadow Ck nr Stevens Point 44°34'12" 89°35'32" 05398500 30.4 -- relation 71 05400330 Plover R nr Aniwa 45°02'18" 89°13'26" 05397500 6.86 .0528 relation 

72 05400370 Plover R nr Aniwa 44°59'11" 89°16'33" 05397500 19.6 .6754 equation 73 05400410 Plover R at Hatley 44°52'54" 89°20'46" 05397500 47 .7847 equation 74 05400440 Plover R at Bevent 44°46'15" 89°23'30" 05397500 80 .8667 equation 75 05400645 Little Plover R nr Plover 44°28'22" 89°31'26" 05400650 18.1 -- relation 76 05400670 Mill Ck nr Auburndale 44°35'48" 90°01'30" 05399500 20.1 .4769 equation 

77 05400685 Mill Ck at Sherry 44°34'57" 89°55'07" 05399500 41.6 .0316 equation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measuremAppendix 7

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Central Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

78 05400700 Mill Ck at Junction City 44°33'10" 89°48'28" 05399500 68.7 0.0350 relation 79 05400710 Mill Ck nr Stevens Point 44°31'08" 89°39'59" 05399500 102 .0542 equation 80 05400750 Mosquito Ck nr Rudolph 44°27'16" 89°49'38" 05400650 16.3 .0172 equation 81 05400840 Four Mile Ck nr Keller 44°22'04" 89°41'52" 05401050 75 .2850 relation 82 05400850 Buena Vista Cr nr Wisconsin Rapids 44°22'54" 89°38'51" 05401050 45.7 .3620 relation 83 05400853 Buena Vista Cr nr Wisconsin Rapids 44°22'26" 89°41'52" 05401050 53.1 .7420 relation 84 05400885 Twomile Ck nr Meehan 44°24'38" 89°40'03" 05401050 2.79 .0902 equation 85 05400905 Fourmile Ck at Wisconsin Rapids 44°20'26" 89°50'44" 05401050 165 .1388 equation 86 05400950 Moccasin Ck at Nekoosa 44°20'37" 89°53'45" 05402000 22.3 .1880 relation 87 05401075 Ditch N0 7 nr New Rome 44°14'49" 89°40'24" 05401050 10.8 .0042 equation 88 05401085 Fourteenmile Ck Tr nr Hancock 44°10'52" 89°41'58" 05401050 9.58 .1974 equation 89 05401095 Fourteenmile Ck nr New Rome 44°12'29" 89°44'15" 05401050 77 .1395 equation 90 05401110 Fourteenmile Ck nr New Rome 44°12'26" 89°50'15" 05401050 98.8 .2663 equation 91 05401149 Fourteenmile Ck at New Rome 44°13'04" 89°53'03" 05401050 102 .3484 equation 92 05401510 Big Roche at Chi Crk nr Handcock 44°10'15" 89°34'59" 05401535 9.61 .4880 relation 93 05401516 Big Roche A Cri Ck nr Hancock 44°10'13" 89°41'03" 05401535 23.2 .6527 equation 94 05401520 Big Roche A Ck Tr nr Hancock 44°08'26" 89°43'09" 05401535 15.7 .3703 equation 95 05401530 Big Roche A Cri Ck nr Friendship 44°06'43" 89°45'22" 05400650 51.4 .4230 relation 96 05401545 Big Roche A Cri Ck nr Arkdale 44°03'18" 89°50'02" 05401535 107 .5867 equation 97 05401550 Dead Horse Ck nr Arkdale 44°03'15" 89°50'25" 05401535 30.7 .0720 equation 98 05401558 Big Roche A Cri Ck nr Arkdale 44°01'04" 89°56'16" 05401535 151 .6064 equation 99 05401580 Little Roche A Cri Ck at Friendship 43°58'30" 89°49'00" 05401535 57.5 .4650 relation 

100 05401608 Little Roche A Cri Ck nr Adams 43°58'25" 89°53'52" 05401535 133 .4055 equation 101 05401630 Yellow R nr Spencer 44°41'57" 90°20'25" 05399500 27.6 .0171 equation 102 05401700 E Br Yellow R nr Marshfield 44°39'22" 90°14'33" 05381000 15.5 .0130 relation 103 05401710 Yellow R nr Marshfield 44°37'27" 90°14'47" 05402000 62.9 .0266 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharg

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, S--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 7D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Central Wisconsin River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

104 05401750 S Br Yellow R nr Marshfield 44°37'24" 90°15'03" 05381000 36 0.0340 relation 105 05401755 Yellow R nr Bakerville 44°35'55" 90°13'06" 05402000 102 .0192 relation 106 05401770 Yellow R nr Arpin 44°32'26" 90°09'33" 05402000 128 .0228 equation 107 05401880 Rocky Ck nr Pittsville 44°28'57" 90°09'02" 05402000 21.9 .0274 equation 108 05401890 Yellow R nr Pittsville 44°27'12" 90°09'00" 05402000 180 .0053 relation 109 05402170 Hemlock Ck at Vesper 44°29'04" 89°58'17" 05399500 41.2 .0010 relation 

110 05402300 Hemlock Ck nr Dexterville 44°25'00" 90°02'51" 05402000 77.2 .0197 equation 

111 05402400 Yellow R at Finley 44°12'50" 90°07'12" 05402000 379 .0502 equation 

112 05403250 White Ck nr Friendship 43°49'32" 89°52'35" 05401535 63.8 .4280 relation 113 05403300 S Fk Lemonweir R at Tomah 43°59'52" 90°29'41" 05403500 35.4 .1080 relation 114 05403308 Mud Ck at Tomah 44°00'50" 90°30'18" 05405000 7.04 .4340 relation 115 05403396 Allen Ck nr Oakdale 43°58'24" 90°20'52" 05403500 7.44 .1200 relation 116 05403400 Bear Ck nr Camp Douglas 43°58'36" 90°18'47" 05403500 33.2 .1590 relation 117 05403480 Lemonweir R Tr at Camp Williams 43°57'04" 90°13'11" 05403500 14.1 .2870 relation 118 05403520 Webster Ck nr New Lisbon 43°51'23" 90°10'25" 05408000 11.6 .2460 relation 119 05403550 One Mile Ck nr Mauston 43°45'50" 90°04'45" 05405000 30.4 .3440 relation 

120 05403576 Lyndon Ck at Lyndon Station 43°42'33" 89°42'33" 05401535 6.11 .2130 relation 121 05403586 Plainville Ck nr Wisconsin Dells 43°42'32" 89°47'15" 05401535 6.9 .1520 relation 122 05403601 Witches Gulch nr Wisconsin Dells 43°40'42" 89°47'30" 05401535 6.76 .1281 equation 
9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

17 16

15

14

13

12

11

10

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

90°W

46°15'N

46°15'N

90°W

Fox-Wolf River Basin

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Basin boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

Subbasin boundary

4

Fox-Wolf

River Basin

WISCONSIN

72 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 8–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual 

recharge.
!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!!

! !

! ! ! !

!!

! ! !

!!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!! !

!

! !!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

! !

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

! !

! !

! !!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

!

!

! ! !

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

! !

!

9

8

7

5 6

4

3

2

1

99

98 97

96

94 95

93

91 92 90

89

88

87

86

85

84

83 82

81

80

79

78

77

76

75

74

73

72 71

70 69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

44 43 42 45

41

40 39

38

37

36

35

34 33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25 24 23

22 21

20

19

17 18

16 15

14 13

12

11

10

150

149 148

147

146

145

144 143

142

140

139

138

137 136 135

134

133

132

131

130

129

128

127 126

125 124

123

122

141 121

120

119

118

117

116 115

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107

106

105

104

103

102

101 100

9

8

7

5 6

4

3

2

1

99

98 97

96

94 95

93

91 92 90

89

88

87

86

85

84

83 82

81

80

79

78

77

76

75

74

73

72 71

70 69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

44 43 42 45

41

40 39

38

37

36

35

34 33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25 24 23

22 21

20

19

17 18

16 15

14 13

12

11

10

150

149 148

147

146

145

144 143

142

140

139

138

137 136 135

134

133

132

131

130

129

128

127 126

125 124

123

122

141 121

120

119

118

117

116 115

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107

106

105

104

103

102

101 100

WISCONSIN

!

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

miscellaneous and partial

records site

Stream

4

Fox-Wolf River Basin

44°N

45°N

89°W

88°W

89°W

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

Fox-Wolf

River Basin

Subbasin boundary

Appendix 8. Fox-Wolf River Basin 73

Appendix 8–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Fox-Wolf River Basin and spatial distribution of 

estimated average annual recharge.
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004).

2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 8C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin.

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamflo

(ft3/s)

1 04072750 Lawrence Ck nr Westfield 13.44 1969–1973 ex rec -- 16 16.7 -- 2 04073050 Grand R nr Kingston 73.5 1969–1975 ex rec -- 28 5.2 -- 3 04073405 W Br White R nr Wautoma 38.9 1964–1965 ex rec -- 21 7.3 -- 4 04073500 Fox R at Berlin 1,340 1970–1999 BFI 0.8720 1,100 11.4 1,300 5 04074538 Swamp Ck at Mole Lake 46.3 1978–1986 ex rec -- 29 8.5 -- 6 04074950 Wolf R at Langlade 468 1970–1999 BFI .7820 350 10.2 450 7 04075200 Evergreen Ck nr Langlade 8.09 1968–1973 ex rec -- 10 17.6 -- 8 04075500 Wolf R nr Keshena 616 1928–1962 ex rec -- 460 10.1 -- 9 04077400 Wolf R nr Shawano 816 1970–1999 BFI .7950 620 10.3 780 

10 04077630 Red R nr Morgan 114 1970–1999 ex rec -- 110 13.1 -- 

11 04078500 Embarrass R nr Embarrass 384 1970–1999 BFI .6220 200 7.2 330 

12 04079000 Wolf R at New London 2,260 1970–1999 BFI .7560 1,470 8.8 1,900 13 04079602 Little Wolf R nr Galloway 22.6 1974–1979 ex rec -- 11 6.4 -- 14 04080000 Little Wolf R at Royalton 507 1915–1985 ex rec -- 240 6.4 -- 15 04081000 Waupaca R nr Waupaca 265 1917–1985 ex rec -- 180 9.1 -- 16 04083000 W Br Fond Du Lac R at Fond Du 

Lac

83.1 1940–1954 ex rec -- 14 2.2 -- 

17 04083500 E Br Fond Du Lac R at Fond Du Lac 78.4 1940–1954 ex rec -- 14 2.5 -- 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 8D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 04072400 Fox R nr Pardeeville 43°35'04" 89°13'39" 04073500 41 0.0720 relation 2 04072480 Fox R nr Portage 43°33'16" 89°25'53" 04073500 71.9 .2597 relation 3 04072660 Neenah Ck nr Oxford 43°45'50" 89°34'36" 04081000 33.9 -- relation 4 04072700 Neenah Ck nr Briggsville 43°40'08" 89°33'24" 04081000 80.3 .3690 relation 5 04072706 So Br Neenah Ck nr Briggsville 43°38'53" 89°36'00" 04073500 28.77 .8270 equation 6 04072715 Neenah Ck nr Endeavor 43°38'41" 89°28'07" 04073500 157.4 .6599 equation 7 040727265 Spring Ck nr Anacker 43°36'21" 89°23'12" 04073500 17.4 .1157 equation 8 04072728 French Ck nr Anacker 43°37'42" 89°24'31" 04073500 24.35 .1812 equation 9 04072732 Good Earth Ck nr Endeavor 43°39'57" 89°25'28" 04073500 16.48 .2368 equation 

10 04072743 Fox R at Montello 43°47'08" 89°19'32" 04073500 398.2 .3679 equation 

11 04072790 Wfield Ck nr Harrisville 43°54'04" 89°25'34" 05401535 48 1.0525 equation 

12 04072942 Grand R nr Fairwater 43°43'53" 88°53'10" 04073050 24.6 .0700 relation 13 04073023 Grand R at Markasan 43°42'22" 88°59'25" 04073050 57.3 .1147 relation 14 04073100 Belle Fountain Ck nr Kingston 43°41'57" 89°12'44" 04073500 37.4 .1550 relation 15 04073180 Mecan R nr Richford 44°03'04" 89°27'50" 05401535 2.98 4.1499 equation 16 04073185 Schmudlach Ck nr Richford 44°03'17" 89°27'03" 05401535 13.1 .0980 equation 17 04073190 Mecan R at Richford 44°01'33" 89°27'53" 05401535 21.6 1.0965 equation 18 04073207 W Br Little Pine Ck nr Richford 44°01'27" 89°21'08" 05401535 5.78 .9951 equation 19 04073220 Little Pine Ck nr Richford 43°59'18" 89°20'31" 05401535 11.4 .8719 equation 20 04073240 Chaffee Ck nr Coloma 43°59'01" 89°29'51" 05401535 4.28 2.5283 equation 21 04073260 S Br Wedde Ck nr Richford 44°00'10" 89°27'13" 05401535 16 .5844 equation 22 04073270 S Br Wedde Ck nr Richford 43°59'05" 89°24'25" 05401535 17.7 .6869 equation 23 04073290 Wedde Ck nr Richford 43°57'19" 89°21'53" 05401535 26 .6249 equation 24 04073300 Chaffee Ck nr Neshkoro 43°57'02" 89°21'04" 05401535 46.3 .6900 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 8D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

25 04073310 Mecan R nr Harrisville 43°54'57" 89°18'53" 05401535 98 1.1019 equation 26 04073318 Mecan R nr Germania 43°54'35" 89°17'25" 05401535 107 .9990 equation 27 04073330 Mecan R nr Neshkoro 43°53'29" 89°15'13" 05401535 122 .8398 equation 28 04073396 White R at Wautoma 44°03'54" 89°17'26" 05401535 13.7 1.3508 equation 29 04073400 Bird Ck at Wautoma 44°04'06" 89°18'08" 05401535 4.14 2.0000 relation 30 04073420 Lunch Ck nr Neshkoro 43°57'35" 89°16'30" 05401050 18.3 .4590 relation 31 04073440 White R nr Princeton 43°55'03" 89°05'01" 04073500 131 1.0863 equation 32 04073450 Sucker Ck nr Berlin 43°56'30" 89°04'47" 04073500 20.6 .3380 relation 33 04073464 Silver Ck at Ripon 43°51'14" 88°51'36" 04073050 26.7 .2554 relation 34 04073472 Puchyan R nr Green Lk 43°51'24" 88°56'40" 04073050 105 .0683 relation 35 04073900 Eightmile Ck at Fisk 43°57'20" 88°40'44" 04073500 22.9 .0012 equation 36 04074290 Wolf R nr Nashville 45°34'20" 89°01'07" 04074950 42.8 .4190 equation 37 04074350 Wolf R nr Nashville 45°31'55" 89°06'43" 04074950 60.77 .3389 equation 38 04074508 Swamp Ck nr Crandon 45°30'03" 88°54'11" 04074950 24.2 .2473 equation 39 04074520 Swamp Ck nr Crandon 45°29'52" 88°54'40" 04074950 39.2 .4057 equation 40 04074542 Gliske Ck nr Mole Lk 45°30'42" 88°58'02" 04074950 2.43 1.2692 equation 41 04074560 Squaw Ck nr Post Lk 45°29'02" 89°01'32" 04074950 9.15 .7168 equation 42 04074600 Swamp Ck nr Post Lk 45°26'27" 89°02'27" 04074950 76.5 .8574 equation 43 04074653 Pickerel Ck nr Mole Lk 45°26'37" 88°56'11" 04074950 6.13 .2010 equation 44 04074654 Pickerel Ck Tr nr Mole Lk 45°26'46" 88°57'26" 04074950 2.16 .2382 equation 45 04074657 Pickerel Ck nr Mole Lk 45°25'16" 88°56'08" 04074950 14.3 .3704 equation 46 04074666 Pickerel Ck nr Kole Lk 45°23'31" 88°58'20" 04074950 78.43 .2250 equation 47 04074685 Hunting R at Elcho 45°26'20" 89°12'18" 04074950 3.39 .4258 equation 48 04074700 Hunting R nr Elcho 45°25'10" 89°11'15" 05394500 10.7 .6010 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measureme

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic fstatewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, Sou--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 8D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

49 04074750 Hunting R at Pearson 45°22'17" 89°01'56" 04074950 35.4 1.0842 equation 50 04074753 Wolf R nr Pickerel 45°20'56" 88°59'39" 04074950 298 .4394 equation 51 04074780 Wolf R at Lily 45°18'29" 88°51'27" 04074950 332 .4191 equation 52 04074850 Lily R nr Lily 45°20'59" 88°49'52" 04071000 45.6 .5460 relation 53 04074880 Lily R at Lily 45°18'27" 88°51'14" 04071000 70.2 .4649 equation 54 04074910 Ninemile Ck at Hollister 45°14'50" 88°47'15" 04071000 21.6 .3856 equation 55 04075300 Elton Ck nr Langlade 45°06'08" 88°49'59" 04074950 25.17 .9077 equation 56 04075350 Evergreen R nr Langlade 45°04'28" 88°42'31" 04074950 54.6 .7786 equation 57 04075803 W Br Wolf R nr Neopit 45°01'06" 88°52'27" 04078500 41.8 .6728 equation 58 04075807 Little W Br Wolf R nr Zoar 45°05'02" 88°58'55" 04074950 9.19 .6219 equation 59 04075809 Rabe Ck nr Polar 45°08'23" 88°59'20" 04074950 7.2 .4648 equation 60 04075850 Little W Br Wolf R nr Neopit 44°59'11" 88°52'49" 04078500 45.84 .4039 equation 61 04075905 W Branch Red R nr Phlox 45°03'42" 89°06'08" 04078500 5.11 .8422 equation 62 04076080 W Br Wolf R at Neopit 44°58'54" 88°49'01" 04078500 98.6 .5650 relation 63 04076400 Little W Br Ck nr Neopit 45°00'54" 88°46'11" 04078500 17 .4190 relation 64 04077150 Wolf R Tr #1 at Keshena 44°53'03" 88°37'41" 04071000 6.6 .4758 equation 65 04077550 Red R nr Antigo 45°04'22" 89°00'44" 05397500 20.6 2.5900 relation 66 04077595 W Branch Red R at Mattoon 45°00'44" 89°02'03" 04078500 22 .4580 relation 67 04077670 Miller Ck nr Neopit 44°56'34" 88°49'55" 04078500 10.9 .7656 equation 68 04077675 Red R at Gresham 44°50'28" 88°45'40" 04078500 159 .5862 equation 69 04077700 Red R at Thornton 44°48'10" 88°40'24" 04071000 195 .5566 equation 70 04077800 Pickerel Ck at Cecil 44°48'32" 88°27'02" 04071000 13.2 .0653 relation 71 04077820 Duchess Ck nr Cecil 44°49'53" 88°28'02" 04071000 8.34 .0860 relation 72 04077830 Loon Lk nr Cecil 44°49'51" 88°30'06" 04071000 15.6 .4291 equation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi

2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic 

statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 8

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

73 04077871 Shawano Lk Outlet nr Shawano 44°47'29" 88°34'07" 04071000 71.2 0.7051 equation 74 04078005 Wolf R Tr nr Shawano 44°43'45" 88°33'30" 04071000 12.7 .0318 equation 75 04078010 Wolf R Tr nr Belle Plaine 44°40'29" 88°35'43" 04071000 14.8 .1118 equation 76 04078022 W Br Shioc R at Bonduel 44°44'04" 88°27'06" 04071000 5.44 .0720 relation 77 04078028 W Br Shioc R nr Bonduel 44°41'31" 88°28'44" 04071000 16.5 .1151 equation 78 04078036 E Br Shioc R nr Navarino 44°38'43" 88°29'05" 04071000 16.5 .0190 equation 79 04078039 Mink Ck nr Navarino 44°37'36" 88°29'11" 04071000 7.58 .0057 equation 80 04078050 Shioc R at Nichols 44°33'54" 88°28'58" 04071000 92.2 .0088 relation 81 04078054 Black Ck at Seymore 44°30'55" 88°20'41" 04071000 22.9 .0050 relation 82 04078055 Black Ck at Black Ck 44°28'55" 88°27'03" 04071000 44.7 .0150 relation 83 04078057 Shioc R nr Shiocton 44°29'30" 88°31'41" 04071000 184 .0288 equation 84 04078080 Bear Ck at Stephensville 44°22'15" 88°35'05" 04079000 62.5 .0230 relation 85 04078085 Black Otter Ck at Hortonville 44°20'03" 88°38'42" 04081000 15.9 .0040 relation 86 04078092 M Br Embarrass R nr Eland 44°52'00" 89°10'05" 04078500 66.5 .5898 equation 87 04078098 Railroad Ck nr Birnamwood 44°54'11" 89°12'36" 04078500 2.87 .2470 equation 88 04078100 S Br Embarrass R nr Wittenberg 44°49'37" 89°13'20" 04078500 26.4 .2860 relation 89 04078109 S Br Embarrass R nr Wittenberg 44°47'07" 89°11'03" 04078500 50.5 .2646 equation 90 04078190 S Br Embarrass R at Tigerton 44°44'30" 89°03'25" 04078500 90.5 .3270 relation 91 04078298 Embarrass R at Caroline 44°43'23" 88°52'31" 04078500 239 .3020 relation 92 04078300 Embarrass R at Caroline 44°43'25" 88°52'26" 04078500 239 .3160 equation 93 04078490 Mill Ck nr Pella 44°44'40" 88°44'48" 04078500 40.6 .2060 relation 94 04078600 N Br Pigeon R nr Marion 44°40'21" 88°56'46" 04078500 10.8 .2040 relation 95 04078605 N Br Pigeon R at Marion 44°40'29" 88°52'42" 04078500 19.6 .3030 relation 96 04078650 Pigeon R at Clintonville 44°37'20" 88°45'40" 04078500 109 .2916 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 8D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

97 04078780 Bear Ck nr Bear Ck 44°32'44" 88°45'08" 04078500 14.2 0.0178 equation 98 04078785 Bear Ck at Bear Ck 44°31'54" 88°42'37" 04078500 19.7 .0210 relation 99 04078800 Bear Ck nr Sugar Bush 44°29'21" 88°41'18" 04078500 30.6 .0110 relation 

100 04079600 Little Wolf R at Galloway 44°42'50" 89°15'47" 04078500 21.3 .2870 relation 101 04079603 Holt Ck nr Galloway 44°42'24" 89°17'53" 04078500 8.18 .1760 equation 102 04079607 Holt Ck nr Galloway 44°40'54" 89°15'57" 04078500 16.7 .2321 equation 103 04079630 Flume Ck nr Rosholt 44°37'40" 89°18'16" 04081000 19.2 .1870 relation 104 04079650 Comet Ck nr Big Falls 44°38'46" 89°06'44" 04078500 40.2 .3280 relation 105 04079657 Comet Ck nr Big Falls 44°37'15" 89°07'18" 04078500 42.6 .3433 equation 106 04079800 Whitcomb Ck nr Big Falls 44°34'05" 88°56'07" 04078500 27.4 .3900 relation 107 04079840 Blake Ck at Symco 44°30'16" 88°54'36" 04078500 30.1 .2522 equation 108 04079845 Little Wolf R at Manawa 44°27'57" 88°55'19" 04078500 311 .3410 relation 109 04079880 S Br Little Wolf R at Iola 44°30'33" 89°08'16" 04081000 30 .4140 relation 

110 04079892 S Br Little Wolf R at Scandinavia 44°27'50" 89°09'08" 04081000 50.9 .4050 relation 

111 04079900 Peterson Ck nr Scandinavia 44°26'03" 89°09'48" 04081000 25.6 .4760 relation 

112 04080800 Tomorrow R nr Nelsonville 44°30'51" 89°20'02" 04081000 46 .3520 relation 113 04080895 Tomorrow R at Amherst 44°26'49" 89°17'05" 04081000 80.1 .3060 relation 114 04081100 Walla Walla Ck nr Weyauwega 44°17'20" 88°55'53" 04081000 52.4 .3050 relation 115 04081400 Alder Ck nr Fremont 44°11'04" 88°50'44" 04081000 14.2 .0017 relation 116 04081408 Humphrey Ck nr Wild Rose 44°11'05" 89°14'45" 04081000 20.6 .3120 relation 117 04081425 Pine R at Poy Sippi 44°08'09" 88°59'46" 04081000 99.4 .6730 relation 118 04081440 Rattlesnake Ck nr Mt Morris 44°06'45" 89°11'32" 04081000 20.4 .5900 relation 119 04081450 Willow Ck nr Redgranite 44°03'19" 89°08'32" 04081000 34.8 .6790 relation 

120 04081456 Willow Ck at Redgranite 44°02'58" 89°06'11" 04081000 48.8 1.2000 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 8D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

121 04081800 Daggets Ck nr Butte Des Morts 44°05'48" 88°37'16" 04073500 10.6 0.0001 equation 122 04082650 Anderson Ck nr N Fond du Lac 43°49'53" 88°28'00" 04073500 8.01 .0048 equation 123 04082813 W Br Fond du Lac R at Rosendale 43°48'54" 88°39'00" 04073500 5.2 .1193 equation 124 04082817 W Br Fond du Lac Tr at Rosendale 43°49'10" 88°40'00" 04073500 2.85 .1480 equation 125 04082826 W Br Fond du Lac R Tr nr Rosendale 43°50'06" 88°43'00" 04073500 12.2 .0514 equation 126 04082831 Tr of Fond du Lac R nr Rosendale 43°52'49" 88°42'00" 04073500 5.59 .0099 equation 127 04082841 W Br Fond Du Lac R Tr nr Rosendale 43°51'45" 88°41'00" 04073500 2.58 .0204 equation 128 04082866 W Br Fond du Lac R Tr nr Rosendale 43°48'54" 88°38'00" 04073500 7.77 .0970 equation 129 04082871 W Br Fond du Lac R nr Rosendale 43°49'31" 88°36'00" 04073500 55.2 .0701 equation 130 04082916 W Br Fond du Lac R nr Rosendale 43°45'58" 88°31'00" 04073500 78.5 .0536 equation 131 04083025 E Br Fond du Lac R nr Fond du Lac 43°42'08" 88°36'00" 04073500 4.71 .0027 equation 132 04083160 Campground Ck nr Oakfield 43°41'24" 88°33'10" 04073050 9.57 .4980 equation 133 04083295 E Br Fond du Lac R nr Fond du Lac 43°44'52" 88°30'00" 04073500 53.1 .0630 equation 134 04083425 Parsons Ck nr Fond du Lac 43°41'50" 88°28'31" 04073500 5.7 .1267 equation 135 04083435 E Br Fond du Lac R Tr nr Fond du 

Lac

43°42'45" 88°28'00" 04073500 5.87 .1469 equation 

136 04083455 E Br Fond du Lac R nr Fond du Lac 43°43'24" 88°28'00" 04073500 73.7 .0466 equation 137 04083900 De Neveu Ck nr Fond du Lac 43°42'21" 88°25'00" 04073500 2.65 .0136 equation 138 04083935 De Neveu Ck at Eden 43°41'55" 88°21'00" 04073500 2.82 .0863 equation 139 04084020 De Neveu Ck nr Fond du Lac 43°44'46" 88°24'00" 04073500 16.4 .0460 equation 140 04084124 Taycheedah Ck nr Fond du Lac 43°47'02" 88°24'00" 04073050 14.1 .1130 equation 141 04081475 Willow Ck nr Auroraville 44°06'01" 88°03'00" 04086000 114 .3897 equation 142 04084200 Lk Winnebago Tr at Brothertown 43°58'17" 88°18'35" 04073500 5.1 .0380 equation 143 04084940 Plum Ck nr Wrightstown 44°19'02" 88°10'20" 04085200 35 .1225 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 8D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Fox-Wolf River Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

144 04085030 Apple Ck nr Kaukauna 44°19'17" 88°17'00" 04079000 15.2 0.0170 equation 145 04085051 Apple Ck nr Wrightstown 44°20'56" 88°09'41" 04079000 48.1 .0090 equation 146 04085064 N Br Ashwaubenon Ck nr 

Freedom

44°23'57" 88°11'28" 04079000 3.13 .0003 equation 

147 04085070 Ashwaubenon Ck at De Pere 44°27'17" 88°05'43" 04079000 26.6 .0004 equation 148 04085076 Dutchman Ck Tr nr De Pere 44°28'53" 88°07'29" 04079000 2.41 .0337 equation 149 04085080 Dutchman Ck nr De Pere 44°28'43" 88°04'21" 04079000 28.1 .0131 equation 150 04085110 E R at Co Hwy Pp nr De Pere 44°24'21" 88°03'12" 04085200 51.6 .0090 equation 
9

8 7

6

5

4

3

2

1

20

19

18

17

16

15 14

13

12

11

10

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

90°W

46°15'N

46°15'N

90°W

Lake Michigan Basin

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Basin boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

Subbasin boundary

4

Lake

Michigan

Basin

WISCONSIN

82 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 9–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Lake Michigan Basin and spatial distribution of 

average annual recharge.
!

!

! !

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

!! !

! !! !

!

! !

! !

!

!

! !

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

! !

!

! ! !

! !

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

! !! !

!

! !!! !!

!! !

! !

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!! !

!

!

!!

!

! !

! !!

! !

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

! !!

!

!

! ! !

!

! !

!! !

! !

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

9

8

7

6 5

4 3

2

1

17

16

15

14 13

12

11

10

24

23

28 27

25

26

22

20

21

19

18

9

8

7

6 5

4 3

2

1

99

100 98

97 93

95 94

96

92

91

89 90

88

87

86

84

85

83

82

81

80

79

78

77

76

75

74

73 72 71

70

69 68

67

66 65

63 64

62

61

60

59

58

57

56

55

53

54

52

51

50

49

48 47

46 44 45

43

42 41

40

39 38

37

36 35

34 33 3029

32

31

134

132 133

131

130

129

128

127

126

125

124 123

122

121

120 119

118

117

115 114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107 106

116

105

104 102

103

101

99

100 98

97 93

95 94

96

92

91

89 90

88

87

86

84

85

83

82

81

80

79

78

77

76

75

74

73 72 71

70

69 68

67

66 65

63 64

62

61

60

59

58

57

56

55

53

54

52

51

50

49

48 47

46 44 45

43

42 41

40

39 38

37

36 35

34 33 3029

32

31

17

16

15

14 13

12

11

10

134

132 133

131

130

129

128

127

126

125

124 123

122

121

120 119

118

117

115 114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107 106

116

105

104 102

103

101

24

23

28 27

25

26

22

20

21

19

18

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

miscellaneous and partial

records site

Stream

4

Lake Michigan Basin

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

87°W

88°W

45°N

44°N

43°N

Lake Michigan

River Basin

WISCONSIN

Subbasin boundary

Appendix 9. Lake Michigan Basin 83

Appendix 9–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Lake Michigan Basin and spatial distribution of 

estimated average annual recharge.
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004).

2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 9C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Lake Michigan Basin.

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base 

flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamflow 

(ft3/s)

1 04085200 Kewaunee R nr Kewaunee 127 1970–1995 BFI 0.4120 36 3.8 91 

2 04085281 E Twin R at Mishicot 110 1973–1996 BFI .4590 35 4.3 -- 3 04085427 Manitowoc R at Manitowoc 526 1973–1996 BFI .4950 160 4.3 330 4 04085813 Onion R at Hingham 37.2 1979–1980 ex rec -- 17 6.2 -- 5 04086000 Sheboygan R at Sheboygan 418 1970–1999 BFI .5120 150 4.7 290 6 04086150 Milwaukee R at Kewaskum 138 1969–1981 BFI -- 45 4.4 -- 7 04086200 E Br Milwaukee R at New Fane 54.1 1969–1981 BFI -- 20 5.0 -- 8 04086340 N Br Milwaukee R nr Fillmore 148 1969–1981 ex rec -- 60 5.5 -- 9 04086360 Milwaukee R at Waubeka 432 1969–1981,

1994

ex rec -- 180 5.7 -- 

10 04086500 Cedar Ck nr Cedarburg 120 1970–1999 BFI .5240 51 5.8 100 

11 04086600 Milwaukee R nr Cedarburg 607 1983–1999 BFI .5700 260 5.8 460 

12 04087000 Milwaukee R at Milwaukee 696 1970–1999 BFI .5500 290 5.7 530 13 04087030 Menomonee R at Menomonee Falls 34.7 1976–1999 BFI .4180 12 4.7 30 14 04087088 Underwood Ck at Wauwatosa 18.2 1976–1998 BFI .3900 6.0 4.5 15 15 04087120 Menomonee R at Wauwatosa 123 1970–1999 BFI .3620 40 4.4 110 16 04087160 Kinnickinnic R at Milwaukee 20.4 1977–1982 ex rec -- 8.0 5.3 -- 17 04087204 Oak Ck at South Milwaukee 25 1970–1999 BFI .2560 6.0 3.3 24 18 04087220 Root R nr Franklin 49.2 1970–1999 BFI .3030 13 3.6 45 19 04087240 Root R at Racine 190 1970–1999 BFI .3220 51 3.6 160 20 04087257 Pike R nr Racine 38.5 1972–1999 BFI .3590 13 4.6 37 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 9D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Michigan Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 040851405 Lk Mich Tr nr Champion 44°34'43" 87°53'00" 04085200 12.4 0.0032 equation 2 04085143 Lk Mich Tr nr Dyckesville 44°38'03" 87°47'00" 04085200 5.19 .0075 equation 3 04085146 Red R nr Dyckesville 44°39'37" 87°43'00" 04085200 12.8 .0043 equation 4 04085147 Red R nr Dyckesville 44°40'04" 87°44'36" 04085200 13.7 .0053 equation 5 04085150 Renard Ck nr Brussels 44°43'16" 87°42'00" 04085200 6 .0792 equation 6 04085154 Renard Ck nr Brussels 44°42'54" 87°43'00" 04085200 7.88 .0661 equation 7 04085158 Keyes Ck nr Little Sturgeon 44°49'13" 87°34'00" 04085200 14.4 .0291 equation 8 04085163 Heins Ck nr Baileys Harbor 45°04'08" 87°10'00" 04085200 4.48 .1663 equation 9 04085170 Hibbard Ck at Jacksonport 44°59'16" 87°10'31" 04085200 16.4 .1510 equation 

10 04085171 Logan Ck nr Jacksonport 44°57'28" 87°13'00" 04085200 14.7 .0466 equation 

11 04085172 Whitefish Bay Ck nr Jacksonport 44°55'22" 87°12'00" 04085200 18.6 .0285 equation 

12 04085174 Lilly Bay Ck nr Sturgeon Bay 44°50'59" 87°17'00" 04085200 20.4 .0084 equation 13 04085179 Stoney Ck nr Maplewood 44°43'43" 87°26'00" 04085200 12.6 .0145 equation 14 04085184 Ahnapee Ck nr Kolberg 44°44'55" 87°32'00" 04085200 21.7 .1751 equation 15 04085186 Ahnapee Ck at Forestville 44°41'24" 87°29'14" 04085200 32 .1390 relation 16 04085190 Silver Ck nr Algoma 44°37'49" 87°30'03" 04085200 58.2 -- relation 17 040851906 Silver Ck nr Algoma 44°36'27" 87°28'00" 04085200 63.1 .0012 equation 18 04085193 Kewaunee R Tr nr Luxemburg 44°34'37" 87°43'00" 04085200 10.6 .0034 equation 19 040851933 Kewaunne R nr Luxemburg 44°35'19" 87°42'00" 04085200 20.8 .0371 equation 20 040851939 Kewaunee R Tr nr Luxemburg 44°35'19" 87°41'00" 04085200 5.96 .0847 equation 21 040851943 Kewaunee R nr Luxemburg 44°34'18" 87°40'00" 04085200 31.5 .0605 equation 22 040851947 School Ck nr Luxemburg 44°32'42" 87°44'00" 04085200 14.6 .0144 equation 23 040851951 School Ck nr Luxemburg 44°33'20" 87°42'00" 04085200 23.7 .0054 equation 24 040851955 Luxemburg Ck at Luxemburg 44°32'41" 87°41'00" 04085200 2.78 .0780 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 9D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Michigan Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

25 040851959 Kewaunee R nr Luxemburg 44°32'41" 87°38'00" 04085200 67.2 0.0582 equation 26 040851967 Casco Ck at Casco 44°33'21" 87°37'00" 04085200 10.1 .0830 relation 27 040851983 Scarboro Ck nr Luxemburg 44°31'16" 87°38'00" 04085200 20 .0910 equation 28 040851990 Kewaunee R nr Luxemburg 44°31'00" 87°36'00" 04085200 112 .1049 equation 29 04085244 E Twin R nr Tisch Mills 44°20'32" 87°36'37" 04085200 49.7 .1070 relation 30 04085250 E Twin R Tr nr Stangelville 44°21'51" 87°39'29" 04085200 7.43 .0316 equation 31 040852508 Tisch Mills Ck at Tisch Mills 44°19'40" 87°38'10" 04085200 16.3 .0239 equation 32 04085270 Jambo Ck nr Mishicot 44°15'43" 87°40'52" 04085200 19.3 .0204 equation 33 04085306 Neshoto R nr Denmark 44°21'26" 87°48'22" 04085200 39.2 .1020 relation 34 04085314 Buck Ck nr Cooperstown 44°20'30" 87°44'30" 04085200 20.1 .0146 equation 35 04085322 Devils R nr Denmark 44°18'31" 87°49'36" 04085200 29.6 .0338 equation 36 04085323 Devils R nr Denmark 44°17'52" 87°46'19" 04085200 36.3 .0790 equation 37 04085330 W Twin R nr Francis Ck 44°12'54" 87°40'50" 04085200 150 .0940 relation 38 040853315 W Twin R Tr nr Francis Ck 44°11'48" 87°40'50" 04085200 2.43 .1785 equation 39 04085334 W Twin R Tr nr Rockwood 44°10'33" 87°40'47" 04085200 4.88 -- relation 40 04085392 Jordan Ck at New Holstein 43°57'12" 88°04'35" 04086000 3.3 .0154 equation 41 04085396 S Br Manitowoc R nr Collins 44°02'01" 88°03'00" 04086000 114 .0511 equation 42 04085400 Killsnake R nr Chilton 44°03'33" 88°08'36" 04086000 29.4 .0480 relation 43 04085403 Spring Ck at Brillion 44°10'22" 88°04'00" 04086000 8.17 .1630 equation 44 04085404 N Br Manitowoc R Tr at Hilbert 44°07'53" 88°08'00" 04086000 5.3 .0494 equation 45 04085408 Mud Ck at Reeddsville 44°08'54" 87°56'46" 04086000 32.2 .0283 equation 46 04085410 Mud Ck nr Reedsville 44°08'21" 87°57'26" 04086000 42 .0110 relation 47 040854103 Mud Ck nr Collins 44°05'03" 87°57'58" 04086000 58.8 .0005 equation 48 040854108 Manitowoc R Tr at Valders 44°04'05" 87°53'33" 04086000 5.06 .0571 equation 49 04085415 Manitowoc R nr Clark Mills 44°06'27" 87°47'57" 04086000 410 .0648 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 9D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Michigan Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

50 04085420 Branch R nr Cato 44°11'20" 87°51'04" 04085200 78.8 0.0720 relation 51 040854245 Branch R at Br 44°08'26" 87°45'55" 04085200 106 .0416 equation 52 04085435 Silver Ck nr Manitowoc 44°03'17" 87°40'50" 04086000 21.2 .0061 equation 53 04085438 Pine Ck at Newton 44°00'31" 87°43'19" 04086000 6.6 -- relation 54 04085440 Point Ck nr Newton 43°57'43" 87°42'31" 04086000 18.7 .0474 equation 55 040854423 Centerville Ck at Centerville 43°55'30" 87°44'00" 04086000 3.12 .0217 equation 56 04085445 Sevenmile Ck at Haven 43°51'14" 87°44'00" 04086000 5.6 .0622 equation 57 04085450 Pigeon R nr Howards Grove 43°53'30" 87°50'02" 04086000 18.5 .0426 equation 58 04085454 Meeme Ck nr Cleveland 43°55'20" 87°48'45" 04086000 18.2 .1101 equation 59 04085458 Pigeon R at Howards Grove 43°49'20" 87°49'28" 04086000 48.7 .1110 equation 60 04085460 Pigeon R nr Howards Grove 43°47'49" 87°48'02" 04086000 65 .0370 equation 61 04085462 Pigeon R Tr nr Kohler 43°45'50" 87°48'00" 04086000 4.57 .0035 equation 62 04085480 Sheboygan R nr Fond du Lac 43°48'33" 88°15'04" 04086000 27.4 .0020 equation 63 040854801 Sheboygan R Tr at Mtcalvary 43°49'06" 88°15'05" 04086000 12.7 .0109 equation 64 04085482 Sheboygan R at St Cloud 43°48'51" 88°09'52" 04086000 73 .0620 relation 65 04085497 Sheboygan R at Kiel 43°54'43" 88°01'45" 04086000 153 .0150 relation 66 04085510 Sheboygan R Tr nr Kiel 43°55'12" 87°59'02" 04086000 15.4 .0431 equation 67 04085600 Sheboygan R nr Lk Mich 43°51'46" 87°55'22" 04086000 185 .0524 equation 68 04085700 Sheboygan R Tr nr Plymouth 43°47'26" 87°56'31" 04086000 6.51 .3150 relation 69 04085748 Mullet R at Greenbush 43°46'39" 88°05'05" 04086000 24.4 .0471 equation 70 04085751 Mullet R at Glenbeulah 43°47'51" 88°02'28" 04086000 30 -- relation 71 04085770 Mullet R at Plymouth 43°44'50" 87°58'52" 04086000 53 .1919 equation 72 04085778 Mullet R at Sheboygan Falls 43°43'21" 87°49'37" 04086000 78.2 .2047 relation 73 04085800 Onion R nr Waldo 43°41'39" 87°57'37" 04086000 20.7 .6140 relation 74 04085810 Onion R at Hingham 43°38'28" 87°54'53" 04086000 36.2 -- relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 9D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Michigan Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

75 04085830 Onion R at Gibbsville 43°39'16" 87°49'18" 04086000 82 0.2050 relation 76 04085950 Onion R at Sheboygan Falls 43°43'16" 87°48'19" 04086000 98 .1184 equation 77 04086005 Black R nr Oostburg 43°37'56" 87°45'32" 04086000 5.38 .0558 equation 78 04086013 Sucker Ck nr Lk Church 43°29'05" 87°49'22" 04087000 6.35 .0486 equation 79 040860146 Sauk Ck Tr nr Random Lk 43°31'59" 87°55'16" 04087000 2.68 .0770 equation 80 04086015 Sauk Ck Tr nr Random Lk 43°29'05" 87°52'13" 04087000 17.9 .0260 equation 81 04086020 Sauk Ck at Port Washington 43°24'45" 87°52'49" 04087000 27.4 .0160 equation 82 04086100 Milwaukee R at Campbellsport 43°36'26" 88°15'52" 05424000 51.4 .0120 relation 83 04086130 W Br Milwaukee R nr Campbellsport 43°35'40" 88°20'20" 04087000 27.4 .1159 equation 84 04086170 E Br Milwaukee R at Dundee 43°38'58" 88°10'36" 04086200 26.3 .1541 equation 85 04086177 E Br Milwaukee R nr Dundee 43°36'58" 88°10'52" 04087000 36.2 -- relation 86 04086185 E Br Milwaukee R nr Beechwood 43°36'58" 88°09'16" 04086200 8.45 .0197 equation 87 04086210 Milwaukee R at Kewaskum 43°29'51" 88°11'41" 04087000 215 .0907 equation 88 04086226 Silver Ck nr W Bend 43°24'41" 88°13'00" 04087000 2.34 .3899 equation 89 04086237 Milwaukee R at W Bend 43°25'21" 88°10'52" 04087000 236 -- relation 90 04086240 Milwaukee R nr W Bend 43°25'34" 88°09'42" 04087000 238 .1368 equation 91 04086260 Milwaukee R Tr nr Newburg 43°24'23" 88°04'49" 04087000 2.03 .0840 equation 92 04086270 Milwaukee R at Newburg 43°26'04" 88°02'55" 04087000 265 -- relation 93 04086280 N Br Milwaukee R Tr at Adell 43°37'50" 87°57'29" 04087000 4.23 .1210 relation 94 04086285 N Br Milwaukee R nr Cascade 43°38'25" 88°01'03" 04087000 19.5 .3880 equation 95 04086292 Chambers Ck nr Cascade 43°37'51" 88°02'29" 04087000 2.89 .1920 equation 96 04086296 Melius Ck nr Batavia 43°37'12" 88°03'00" 04087000 4.02 .6329 equation 97 04086300 N Br Milwaukee R nr Cascade 43°36'03" 88°00'43" 04087000 34.2 .4650 equation 98 04086306 Batavia Ck nr Batavia 43°35'11" 88°02'07" 04087000 6.94 .1267 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 9D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Michigan Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

99 040863075 N Br Milwaukee R nr Random Lk 43°33'25" 88°03'10" 04087000 51.4 0.3428 equation 

100 04086315 Mink Ck nr Batavia 43°33'28" 88°03'20" 04087000 19 .2436 equation 101 04086319 Silver Ck at Random Lk 43°33'26" 87°58'27" 04087000 11.7 .0930 relation 102 04086322 Silver Ck nr Batavia 43°33'25" 88°02'15" 04087000 18.7 .0549 equation 103 04086326 N Br Milwaukee R nr Random Lk 43°30'45" 88°04'28" 04087000 103.53 .2394 equation 104 04086330 Stony Ck at Boltonville 43°31'33" 88°06'13" 04087000 17.9 .0605 equation 105 04086350 N Br Milwaukee R nr Fillmore 43°28'45" 88°02'05" 04087000 149 .1821 equation 106 04086404 Milwaukee R at Saukville 43°22'55" 87°57'15" 04087000 457 -- relation 107 04086405 Milwaukee R at Saukville 43°22'31" 87°57'34" 04086500 461 .2021 equation 108 04086409 Milwaukee R at Grafton 43°20'11" 87°56'57" 04087000 8.53 .2586 equation 109 04086415 Milwaukee R at Grafton 43°18'27" 87°57'08" 04087000 476 .1967 equation 

110 04086420 Cedar Cr nr W Bend 43°22'41" 88°14'47" 04086500 10.3 .1611 equation 

111 04086425 Cedar Cr nr Slinger 43°21'13" 88°14'01" 04086500 13.9 .0759 equation 

112 04086450 Cedar Cr Tr #3 nr Rockfield 43°16'50" 88°09'29" 04086500 10.7 .3680 equation 113 04086460 Cedar Cr nr Jackson 43°19'25" 88°08'32" 04086500 53.6 .2930 relation 114 04086465 Cedar Cr Tr nr Jackson 43°20'25" 88°09'41" 04086500 4.06 .0824 equation 115 04086475 Cedar Ck nr Jackson 43°20'40" 88°04'39" 04086500 84.3 .1755 equation 116 04086478 Cedar Ck Tr nr Newburg 43°24'23" 88°02'26" 04086500 2.58 .1845 equation 117 04086485 Cedar Ck Tr nr Jackson 43°21'05" 88°04'28" 04086500 13.8 .0965 equation 118 04086700 Pigeon Ck at Mequon 43°13'57" 87°59'01" 04087000 11.6 .0399 equation 119 04086800 Milwaukee R at Brown Deer 43°10'39" 87°57'20" 04087000 656 .1627 equation 

120 04087020 Menomonee R at Menomonee 

Falls

43°11'32" 88°07'58" 04087120 30.7 .1530 relation 

121 04087040 Menomonee R at Butler 43°06'51" 88°03'56" 04087120 60.6 .1420 relation 122 040872162 Tr To Root R Tr nr Muskego 42°55'25" 88°05'46" 04087240 3.07 .0108 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 9D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lake Michigan Basin—Continued.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

123 04087224 E Branch Root R Canal nr 

Sturtevant

42°43'09" 87°58'56" 04087240 5.51 0.0196 equation 

124 04087227 W Br Root R Canal at Union 

Grove

42°41'23" 88°01'56" 04087240 3.94 .0801 equation 

125 040872325 Root R Canal nr Raymond 42°48'02" 87°59'32" 04087240 54.8 .0788 equation 126 04087235 Root R nr Caledonia 42°50'30" 87°54'50" 04087240 150 .0310 relation 127 04087238 Hoods Ck nr Sturtevant 42°43'14" 87°55'23" 04087240 3.38 .0089 equation 128 040872383 Hoods Ck nr Sturtevant 42°44'19" 87°54'40" 04087240 8.84 .0085 equation 129 04087248 Pike R nr Sturtevant 42°39'38" 87°52'23" 04087257 17.9 .3422 equation 130 04087251 Pike Ck Tr nr Somers 42°37'16" 87°53'42" 04087257 2.09 .0228 equation 131 04087252 Pike Ck nr Somers 42°38'23" 87°52'54" 04087257 13.08 .0219 equation 132 04087254 Pike Ck Tr nr Somers 42°38'39" 87°52'54" 04087257 2.71 .0384 equation 133 040872635 Pike R nr Kenosha 42°39'11" 87°49'24" 04087257 45.9 .1613 equation 134 04087269 Pike Ck at Kenosha` 42°35'58" 87°50'25" 04087257 2.37 .1073 equation 
8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0 10 20 MILES0 10 20 KILOMETERS

90°W

43°N

43°30'N

91°W

Lower Wisconsin River Basin

Rechar

4

Lower

Wisconsin

River Basin

WISCONSIN

Appendix 10–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual recharge.
!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

! !!!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!!!

!

!

!

!!

!!

! !! !

!!

!

!

!

! !

! !

!

!!

!!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!! !

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

! !!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

! !

!

9

8

76

5

4

3

2 1

99

100

98

97 96

95

94

93

91 92

90

89 88

86 87

85

8384

82 81

79 80

78 77

75

76

73 74

71

72 69 70 66 68 67

65

64

63 62

61 60

59

58 57

56

55

54 53

52

51 50 49 48

47

46

45 44

41 43

42

40 39

38 37 36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26 25

24

23

22

21

20

18 19

17

16

15

14

13 12

11

10

166

165 164

163

162

161

160

159

157

158

156

155 154

153

152

151

150

149

147 148

146

145

144

143

142

141

140

139

138

137

136

135

134

133 132

131

130

129 123

128

127

126

125

124

122

119

120

121

118

117

116

115

114

113

112 111

108 107

106

105

104 102

101

103

9

8

76

5

4

3

2 1

99

100

98

97 96

95

94

93

91 92

90

89 88

86 87

85

8384

82 81

79 80

78 77

75

76

73 74

71

72 69 70 66 68 67

65

64

63 62

61 60

59

58 57

56

55

54 53

52

51 50 49 48

47

46

45

44

43

41

42

40 39

38 37 36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26 25

24

23

22

21

20

18 19

17

16

15

14

13 12

11

10

166

165 164

163

162

161

160

159

157

158

156

155 154

153

152

151

150

149

147 148

146

145

144

143

142

141

140

139

138

137

136

135

134

133 132

131

130

129 123

128

127

126

125

124

122

119

120

121

118

117

116

115

114

113

112 111

110

108 107

106

105

104 102

101

103

90°W

91°W

43°N

Lower Wisconsin River Basin

0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS0 12.5 25 50 MILES Lower

Wisconsin

River Basin

WISCONSIN

EXPLA

Recharge, in 

≥ 12

11–1110–109–9.98–8.97–7.96–6.95–5.94–4.93–3.92–2.91–1.9

< 1

WaterOpen Basin U.S. Gmiscerecord

Stream

4

Subba

Appendix 10–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin and spatial distribution of estimated average annua
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004). 2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 10C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base 

flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamflow 

(ft3/s)

1 05404116 S Br Baraboo R at Hillsboro 39.1 1989–1999 ex rec -- 12 4.1 -- 2 05405000 Baraboo R nr Baraboo 609 1970–1999 BFI 0.6400 270 6.0 430 3 05406500 Black Earth Ck at Black Earth 45.6 1970–1999 BFI .8420 32 9.5 38 4 05406640 Otter Ck nr Highland 16.8 1971–1975 ex rec -- 6.5 5.3 -- 5 05408000 Kickapoo R at La Farge 266 1970–1999 BFI .7540 140 7.4 190 6 05408500 Knapp Ck nr Bloomingdale 8.44 1955–1969 ex rec -- 3.3 5.3 -- 7 05409890 Nederlo Ck nr Gays Mills 9.46 1935–1960;

1979–1981

ex rec -- 4.6 6.6 -- 

8 05410490 Kickapoo R at Steuben 687 1970–1999 BFI .8430 454 9.0 540 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 10D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 05404025 Middle Br Duck Ck nr Rio 43°29'54" 89°11'30" 05405000 7.72 0.1795 equation 2 05404027 Middle Br Duck Ck nr Rio 43°29'20" 89°14'47" 05405000 28 .4963 equation 3 05404030 N Br Duck Ck nr Pardeeville 43°30'47" 89°14'10" 05405000 33.6 .5220 relation 4 05404033 Duck Ck at Wyocena 43°29'45" 89°18'54" 05405000 79.6 .2220 relation 5 05404050 Cleaver Ck Tr nr Elroy 43°46'00" 90°14'57" 05405000 4.16 .1166 equation 6 05404080 Baraboo R at Elroy 43°44'23" 90°16'02" 05405000 59.4 .2935 equation 7 05404100 Baraboo R nr Union Center 43°42'18" 90°15'59" 05405000 73.1 .2870 relation 8 05404118 Hills Ck nr Hillsboro 43°40'19" 90°19'02" 05405000 16.2 .2612 equation 9 05404123 Baraboo R at Wonewok 43°39'08" 90°13'40" 05405000 174 .2702 equation 

10 05404125 Gardner Ck at Wonewoc 43°38'32" 90°11'24" 05405000 4.45 .0623 equation 

11 05404127 Crossman Ck nr Lavalle 43°37'36" 90°10'08" 05405000 19.9 .1018 equation 

12 05404133 Mcglynn Ck nr Cazenovia 43°32'24" 90°10'23" 05405000 23.9 .2624 equation 13 05404134 Mcglynn Ck nr Ironton 43°32'27" 90°10'12" 05405000 33.5 .1169 equation 14 05404137 Little Baraboo R nr Lavalle 43°33'50" 90°07'59" 05405000 69 .2099 equation 15 05404140 W Br Big Ck nr La Valle 43°38'41" 90°05'01" 05405000 11.9 .1718 equation 16 05404175 Copper Ck nr Reedsburg 43°31'05" 89°56'53" 05405000 8.25 .3500 equation 17 05404200 Narrows Ck at Loganville 43°26'32" 90°02'06" 05405000 40.1 .1440 relation 18 05404205 Narrows Ck Tr nr Rock Springs 43°28'20" 90°00'14" 05405000 4.57 .2402 equation 19 05404250 Narrows Ck nr Rock Springs 43°28'31" 89°56'02" 05405000 68.1 .2000 equation 20 05404400 Seeley Ck nr N Freedom 43°25'37" 89°55'51" 05405000 12.4 .2518 equation 21 05405560 Rocky Run nr Poynette 43°27'21" 89°24'24" 05405000 32.9 .4129 equation 22 05405600 Rowan Ck at Poynette 43°23'11" 89°23'43" 05406500 10.4 .5030 relation 23 05405800 Spring Ck at Lodi 43°19'00" 89°31'40" 05405000 37 .5750 relation 24 05405812 Spring Ck nr Lodi 43°20'14" 89°33'34" 05405000 45.5 .3094 equation 25 05405820 Wisconsin R Tr nr Merrimac 43°24'33" 89°38'08" 05405000 2.82 .1224 equation 26 05405850 Wisconsin R Tr nr Merrimac 43°23'56" 89°40'30" 05405000 3.16 .3390 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 10D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

27 05406060 Blum'S Ck at Roxbury 43°15'06" 89°40'34" 05406500 9.27 0.0035 equation 28 05406110 Honey Ck nr Plain 43°20'38" 90°03'58" 05405000 14 .1807 equation 29 05406200 Honey Creek Nr Plain 43°15'31" 89°57'15" 05406500 55.93 .1630 relation 30 05406220 N Br Honey Ck nr Leland 43°18'10" 89°55'55" 05405000 35.3 .3902 equation 31 05406230 E Br Honey Ck nr Witwen 43°18'02" 89°50'41" 05405000 23 .1529 equation 32 05406240 Otter Ck nr Prairie Du Sac 43°21'30" 89°47'30" 05405000 17.9 .0339 equation 33 05406300 Honey Ck nr Sauk City 43°15'35" 89°48'16" 05405000 187 .2350 relation 34 05406400 E Br Blue Mounds Ck nr Black Earth 43°06'30" 89°49'00" 05406500 29 .6790 relation 35 05406430 Blue Mounds Ck nr Mazomanie 43°08'41" 89°50'40" 05406500 55 .5707 equation 36 05406450 Black Earth Ck nr Cross Plains 43°05'16" 89°34'52" 05406500 3.32 .1428 equation 37 054064509 Black Earth Ck nr Cross Plains 43°05'49" 89°37'32" 05406500 9.53 -- relation 38 05406455 Black Earth Ck at Cross Plains 43°06'25" 89°38'22" 05406500 11.3 .5464 equation 39 054064685 Brewery Cr nr Cross Plains 43°07'33" 89°37'40" 05406500 9.3 .1061 equation 40 05406475 Brewery Cr nr Cross Plains 43°06'43" 89°38'46" 05406500 12.5 .0571 equation 41 05406487 Black Earth Ck nr Cross Plains 43°07'05" 89°40'57" 05406500 27 .5833 equation 42 05406489 Black Earth Ck above Garfoot Ck 43°06'56" 89°41'18" 05406500 33 -- relation 43 054064915 Garfoot Ck nr Cross Plains 43°06'43" 89°40'54" 05406500 3.91 .6284 equation 44 05406494 Black Earth Ck nr Cross Plains 43°07'02" 89°41'24" 05406500 39.1 -- relation 45 05406510 Black Earth Ck atVermont Ck 43°08'34" 89°45'18" 05406500 48.4 .4909 equation 46 05406513 Vermont Cr nr Black Earth 43°05'24" 89°44'19" 05406500 6.1 .4338 equation 47 05406515 Vermont Ck at Mouth 43°08'33" 89°45'18" 05406500 14.9 -- relation 48 05406524 Halfway Prairie Cr at Mazomanie 43°10'37" 89°46'48" 05406500 16.7 -- relation 49 05406527 Marsh Valley Cr nr Black Earth 43°09'45" 89°44'19" 05406500 8.1 .2172 equation 50 054065295 Marsh Valley Cr at Mazomanie 43°10'34" 89°46'40" 05406500 10.5 -- relation 51 05406548 Black Earth Ck nr Mazomanie 43°09'46" 89°51'46" 05406500 105 -- relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.v

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 10D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

52 05406573 Trout Ck nr Barneveld 43°02'52" 89°56'48" 05406500 8.37 -- relation 53 05406575 Trout Ck at Co Hwy T nr Barneveld 43°03'52" 89°57'10" 05406500 12.1 -- relation 54 05406577 Trout Ck nr Ridgeway 43°04'08" 89°57'57" 05406500 13.5 -- relation 55 05406580 Mill Ck nr Barneveld 43°04'54" 89°58'35" 05406500 66.5 0.2084 equation 56 05406600 Mill Ck nr Spring Green 43°09'15" 90°01'38" 05406500 96.8 .5570 relation 57 05406605 Lowery Ck nr Spring Green 43°08'00" 90°03'52" 05406500 8.76 .4405 equation 58 05406615 Rush Ck nr Spring Green 43°07'33" 90°06'41" 05406500 13.9 -- relation 59 05406643 Flint Ck nr Clyde 43°01'24" 90°13'35" 05406500 16.7 .1871 equation 60 05406646 Otter Ck nr Highland 43°05'18" 90°15'03" 05406500 60.5 .4065 equation 61 054066478 Tr To Otter Ck Tr nr Highland 43°04'36" 90°16'50" 05406500 10.3 .2367 equation 62 05406648 Otter Ck Tr nr Highland 43°05'21" 90°15'26" 05406500 19.8 .3692 equation 63 05406650 Otter Ck nr Clyde 43°06'48" 90°12'53" 05406500 95.6 .3530 relation 64 05406680 Bear Ck nr Plain 43°17'09" 90°12'29" 05406500 37.5 .4964 equation 65 05406700 Bear Ck nr Lone Rock 43°12'54" 90°13'27" 05406500 65.5 .3400 relation 66 05406704 Pine R nr Yuba 43°32'42" 90°26'45" 05408000 9.64 .3521 equation 67 05406706 Pine R Tr nr Yuba 43°33'03" 90°26'03" 05408000 7.37 .3691 equation 68 05406708 Tr To Pine R Tr nr Yuba 43°33'02" 90°25'57" 05408000 8.13 .3493 equation 69 05406710 Pine R at Yuba 43°32'22" 90°25'50" 05408000 27.2 -- relation 70 05406711 Indian Ck nr Yuba 43°31'40" 90°24'57" 05408000 2.59 .3308 equation 71 05406714 Pine R nr Hub City 43°29'24" 90°22'00" 05408000 41.1 .4987 equation 72 05406716 Melancthon Ck nr Yuba 43°32'08" 90°21'15" 05408000 4.66 .5505 equation 73 05406717 Melancthon Ck nr Hub City 43°29'25" 90°21'39" 05408000 14.3 .5225 equation 74 05406718 Pine R nr Hub City 43°29'13" 90°21'50" 05408000 55.5 .5159 equation 75 05406719 Soules Ck at Hub City 43°28'25" 90°21'20" 05408000 4.4 .3733 equation 76 05406722 Hawkins Ck at Hub City 43°27'40" 90°21'20" 05408000 15.2 .4852 equation 77 05406732 W Br Pine R nr Bloom City 43°29'30" 90°27'50" 05408000 14.6 .4353 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 10D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

78 05406735 W Br Pine R Tr nr Bloom City 43°29'10" 90°29'24" 05408000 2.47 0.5801 equation 79 05406737 Tr To W Br Pine R Tr nr Bloom 

City

43°28'57" 90°29'30" 05408000 2.59 .3728 equation 

80 05406740 W Br Pine R Tr at Bloom City 43°29'12" 90°27'56" 05408000 6.13 .4881 equation 81 05406743 W Br Pine R nr Rockbridge 43°26'58" 90°22'22" 05408000 37.6 -- relation 82 05406745 Pine R at Rockbridge 43°26'43" 90°21'43" 05408000 117 -- relation 83 05406748 S Buck Ck at Buck Ck 43°25'13" 90°21'37" 05408000 4.95 .2267 equation 84 05406750 Pine R nr Buck Ck 43°24'30" 90°21'40" 05408000 128 .5020 relation 85 05406752 Fancy Ck nr Bloom City 43°27'26" 90°29'58" 05408000 4.14 .3020 equation 86 05406765 Fancy Ck Tr nr Gillingham 43°25'35" 90°27'58" 05408000 6.21 .3763 equation 87 05406770 Fancy Ck Tr at Gillingham 43°25'36" 90°26'45" 05408000 2.28 .3682 equation 88 05406780 Fancy Ck nr Richland Center 43°23'08" 90°23'20" 05408000 28.4 -- relation 89 05406781 Horse Ck nr Gillingham 43°22'37" 90°26'44" 05408000 3.44 .4684 equation 90 05406789 Brush Ck at Richland Center 43°20'42" 90°23'41" 05408000 6.77 .3558 equation 91 05406793 Center Ck at Richland Center 43°20'02" 90°23'41" 05408000 2.57 .2882 equation 92 05406795 Pine R at Richland Center 43°19'50" 90°23'20" 05408000 190 -- relation 93 05406820 Pine R nr Richland Center 43°18'29" 90°20'58" 05408000 198 .5150 relation 94 05406825 Spring Ck nr Richland Center 43°18'47" 90°20'36" 05408000 2.74 .1648 equation 95 05406845 Ash Ck nr Richland Center 43°16'28" 90°22'42" 05408000 7.95 .3246 equation 96 05406850 Ash Ck nr Richland Center 43°17'16" 90°20'03" 05408000 18.4 .2510 relation 97 05406851 Pine R at Twin Bluffs 43°16'37" 90°18'38" 05408000 224 .4694 equation 98 05406853 Willow Ck nr Loyd 43°26'17" 90°14'30" 05408000 9.28 .3159 equation 99 05406858 Willow Ck Tr nr Loyd 43°25'25" 90°13'00" 05408000 3.67 .1305 equation 

100 05406860 Tr To Willow Ck Tr nr Loyd 43°25'16" 90°12'21" 05408000 3.52 .1061 equation 101 05406863 Willow Ck Tr nr Loyd 43°24'41" 90°14'12" 05408000 9.96 .3148 equation 102 05406864 Willow Ck Tr nr Loyd 43°23'54" 90°13'36" 05408000 2.63 .3141 equation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 10

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

103 05406865 Willow Ck nr Richland Center 43°23'41" 90°14'30" 05408000 32.4 0.5145 equation 104 05406867 Willow Ck Tr nr Loyd 43°23'33" 90°14'59" 05408000 2.94 .2290 equation 105 05406875 Willow Ck nr Richland Center 43°19'54" 90°17'27" 05408000 54.7 .5014 equation 106 05406877 Little Willow Ck nr Neptune 43°22'35" 90°18'24" 05408000 6.71 .3397 equation 107 05406879 Little Willow Ck Tr nr Ithaca 43°21'05" 90°18'19" 05408000 2.32 .3205 equation 108 05406882 Little Willow Ck nr Richland 

Center

43°19'55" 90°17'22" 05408000 13.9 .3332 equation 

109 05406885 Willow Ck Tr nr Sextonville 43°17'52" 90°18'04" 05408000 2.29 .1360 equation 

110 05406886 Willow Ck at Sextonville 43°16'47" 90°18'09" 05408000 79.5 .4597 equation 

111 05406889 Willow Ck Tr at Sextonville 43°16'44" 90°18'02" 05408000 2.95 .0725 equation 

112 05406890 Willow Ck nr Richland Center 43°16'44" 90°18'12" 05408000 82.5 .5150 relation 113 05407003 Mill Ck nr Boaz 43°23'38" 90°33'14" 05408000 19.5 .3564 equation 114 05407013 Mill Ck nr Boaz 43°17'57" 90°31'24" 05408000 61.5 .5220 equation 115 054070182 Foreman Hollow nr Montfort 42°59'45" 90°23'42" 05406500 4.88 .2676 equation 116 054070187 Blue R Tr nr Highland 43°00'24" 90°24'30" 05406500 3.93 .0088 equation 117 05407021 Blue R nr Highland 43°01'53" 90°27'53" 05406500 29.8 .3902 equation 118 054070215 Big Rock Br nr Highland 43°03'08" 90°27'12" 05406500 9.42 .0575 equation 119 05407023 Blue R nr Muscoda 43°05'37" 90°29'03" 05406500 50 .3542 equation 

120 05407024 Six Mile Br nr Muscoda 43°06'18" 90°28'09" 05406500 11.3 .2107 equation 121 05407026 Big Spring Br nr Muscoda 43°04'40" 90°25'03" 05406500 7.26 .1738 equation 122 05407029 Big Spring Br nr Muscoda 43°06'15" 90°29'30" 05406500 12 .3454 equation 123 05407030 Blue R nr Blue R 43°07'41" 90°30'44" 05406500 79.6 .4486 equation 124 05407037 Fennimore Fk nr Castle Rock 43°00'33" 90°34'56" 05414000 7.1 .1031 equation 125 05407040 Fennimore Fk nr Castle Rock 43°02'12" 90°33'31" 05414000 23.3 .0281 equation 126 05407042 Fennimore Fk Tr nr Castle Rock 43°01'53" 90°32'53" 05414000 15.5 .1734 equation 127 05407044 Fennimore Fk Tr at Castle Rock 43°02'40" 90°31'54" 05414000 3.73 .0186 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 10D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

128 05407045 Fennimore Fk Tr nr Blue R 43°04'31" 90°33'17" 05414000 10.7 0.1989 equation 129 05407050 Fennimore Fk nr Blue R 43°07'06" 90°32'00" 05414000 77.2 .4180 relation 130 05407054 Blue R nr Boscobel 43°08'12" 90°31'13" 05406500 161 .4081 equation 131 05407061 Sand Br nr Muscoda 43°09'19" 90°29'29" 05406500 8.42 .2787 equation 132 05407063 Blue R nr Blue R 43°10'30" 90°30'21" 05406500 186 -- relation 133 05407064 Blue R at Blue R 43°11'20" 90°33'40" 05406500 193 .3515 equation 134 05407078 W Fk Knapp Ck nr Excelsior 43°15'47" 90°39'17" 05410500 17.1 .4970 equation 135 05407080 Knapp Ck nr Wport 43°12'19" 90°38'25" 05410500 85.1 .5290 relation 136 05407100 Richland Ck nr Plugtown 43°11'12" 90°44'24" 05410500 19.2 .5880 relation 137 05407130 Saunders Ck at Boscobel 43°08'39" 90°42'27" 05413500 17.1 -- relation 138 05407200 Crooked Ck nr Boscobel 43°06'27" 90°42'19" 05413500 12.9 .6680 relation 139 05407250 Big Green R nr Wauzeka 43°01'16" 90°46'34" 05413500 22.5 .2489 equation 140 05407260 Big Green R nr Wauzeka 43°03'54" 90°50'18" 05413500 48.4 .3916 equation 141 05407280 Little Green R nr Wauzeka 43°03'22" 90°50'29" 05413500 16.5 .3730 equation 142 05407360 Kickapoo R at Wilton 43°48'40" 90°31'56" 05408000 34.9 -- relation 143 05407380 Pee Ck nr Wilton 43°47'21" 90°32'27" 05408000 9.87 .2180 equation 144 05407400 Morris Ck Tr nr Norwalk 43°51'10" 90°37'32" 05383000 4.59 .2150 relation 145 05407411 Morris Tr at Norwalk 43°49'41" 90°36'55" 05408000 19.9 -- relation 146 05407470 Kickapoo R at Ontario 43°43'18" 90°35'15" 05408000 117 -- relation 147 05407490 Brush Ck at Ontario 43°43'32" 90°36'19" 05408000 31.2 .3957 equation 148 05407500 Kickapoo R at Ontario 43°42'52" 90°35'13" 05408000 151 -- relation 149 05407710 Billings Ck nr Ontario 43°41'16" 90°33'56" 05408000 23 -- relation 150 05407800 Warner Ck nr La Farge 43°39'06" 90°35'40" 05408000 24.9 .5100 equation 151 05407900 Weistee Ck nr La Farge 43°37'55" 90°38'52" 05408000 18 .4540 equation 152 05408200 Bear Ck nr La Farge 43°34'27" 90°37'24" 05408000 23.4 .3980 equation 153 05408300 Camp Ck nr Viola 43°30'07" 90°38'59" 05408000 16 .6526 equation 154 05408700 W Fk Kickapoo R nr Viroqua 43°33'44" 90°45'45" 05408500 63.5 .4490 relation 
[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]

1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

Appendix 10

D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Lower Wisconsin River Basin—Co

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2

)

Base flow 

factor

(ft3/s/mi2

)

Base flow 

method

155 05408800 Bishops Ck nr Viroqua 43°32'55" 90°49'15" 05408000 7.27 0.4090 relation 156 05409000 W Fk Kickapoo R nr Readstown 43°28'35" 90°44'30" 05408000 106 -- relation 157 05409500 Kickapoo R at Soldiers Grove 43°23'40" 90°46'35" 05408000 530 -- relation 158 05409800 Tainter Ck nr Gays Mills 43°22'13" 90°51'41" 05408000 38.3 .5150 relation 159 05409860 S Fk Nederlo Ck nr Gays Mills 43°21'36" 90°54'31" 05409890 4.11 -- relation 160 05409870 Nederlo Ck nr Gays Mills 43°21'30" 90°53'49" 05409890 6.7 -- relation 161 05410600 Pine Ck nr Steuben 43°10'25" 90°53'39" 05413500 26.6 .4860 relation 162 05410650 Plum Ck nr Wauzeka 43°07'41" 90°54'42" 05413500 16.4 .3656 equation 163 05410750 Little Kickapoo Ck nr Wauzeka 43°04'41" 90°55'51" 05413500 9.94 .1378 equation 164 05410850 Millville Ck nr Wauzeka 43°01'55" 90°55'50" 05413500 16.3 .3845 equation 165 05410910 Dutch Hollow Ck nr Wauzeka 43°02'02" 90°57'34" 05413500 4.57 .0780 equation 166 05411000 Gran Grae Ck nr Wauzeka 43°02'36" 90°59'15" 05413500 17.1 .3800 relation 
0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

89°30'W

43°N

42°30'N

91°W

Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin

PecatonicaSugar

River Basin

Lafayette County

WISCONSIN

9

8

7

6 5

4

3

2 1

Recha

4

Appendix 11–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual recharge.
!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !

! !

!

!

! !

!

! !

!

!

!!

!

! ! !

!

!

!

!

! ! !

!

! !

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! !!

!!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

! ! ! ! ! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

! 

9 8

7

6 5

4 3 2

1

99

98

97

96

95

94

93

92

91

90

89 88

87

86

85

84

83

82

81

80

79

78

77 76

73 74 75 72

71

70

69

68

67

65 66

64

63 62

61 60 59

58

56 57

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48 47

46 45

44

43

42 41

40

39 38

34 37

36

35

33

30

32 31

29 28

27

26

25

24 23

22

21 20

19

18

16 17

15 14

13

12

11

10

117

116 

114 113

111 112

110 109

108

107

10

101

100

Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin

0 12.5 25 50 12.5 25 

90°W

91°W 

90°W

Pecatonica-Sugar

River Basin

WISCONSIN

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.910–10.99–9.98–8.97–7.96–6.95–5.94–4.93–3.92–2.91–1.9

< 1

WatershedOpen waterBasin boundary

U.S. Geological Surveymiscellaneous and partialrecords site

Stream

! 4

Subbasin boundary

Appendix 11–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin and spatial distribution of estimated average annua
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004). 2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 11C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basi

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamflo

(ft3/s)

1 05413500 Grant R at Burton 269 1970–1999 BFI 0.7560 140 6.8 180 2 05414000 Platte R nr Rockville 142 1970–1999 BFI .7450 78 7.5 110 3 05415000 Galena R at Buncombe 125 1948–1992 ex rec -- 52 5.6 -- 

4 05432500 Pecatonica R at Darlington 273 1970–1999 BFI .6900 140 7.1 210 5 05433000 E Br Pecatonica R nr Blanchardville 221 1970–1999 BFI .7760 130 8.0 170 6 05433500 Yellowstone R nr Blanchardville 28.5 1955–1979 ex rec -- 14 6.7 -- 

7 05434500 Pecatonica R at Martintown 1034 1970–1999 BFI .7510 600 7.9 810 

8 05436000 Mt Vernon Ck nr Mt Vernon 16.4 1955–1980 ex rec -- 18 14.9 -- 9 05436500 Sugar R nr Brodhead 523 1970–1999 BFI .7490 290 7.6 400 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 11D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 05411510 Sandy Ck nr Bagley 42°52'45" 91°04'30" 05413500 18.9 0.0290 relation 2 05413000 Grant R nr Lancaster 42°51'37" 90°46'22" 05413500 50.9 .3407 equation 3 05413100 Little Grant R nr Lancaster 42°51'47" 90°47'59" 05413500 45.5 .3540 relation 4 05413140 Blake Fk at Bloomington 42°52'51" 90°55'22" 05413500 17.9 .2260 relation 5 05413250 Blake Fk nr Beetown 42°50'11" 90°50'11" 05413500 39.7 .1900 equation 6 05413400 Pigeon Ck nr Lancaster 42°48'59" 90°43'24" 05413500 6.93 .4390 relation 7 05413415 Pigeon Ck nr Beetown 42°47'11" 90°48'59" 05413500 21 .2788 equation 8 05413430 Grant R nr Beetown 42°45'43" 90°51'51" 05413500 195 .2911 equation 9 05413450 Rattlesnake Ck nr Cassville 42°46'28" 90°55'18" 05413500 44.7 .2060 relation 

10 05413600 Boice Ck nr Potosi 42°43'43" 90°45'35" 05413500 26.3 .3480 relation 

11 05413700 Platte R nr Livingston 42°55'38" 90°30'06" 05414000 9.67 .3035 equation 

12 05413720 Platte R Tr nr Livingston 42°55'49" 90°30'57" 05414000 6.78 .3201 equation 13 05413750 Plate R nr Stitzer 42°54'23" 90°32'48" 05414000 27 .2963 equation 14 05413770 Crow Br nr Livingston 42°53'37" 90°29'18" 05414000 2.17 .2920 equation 15 05413780 Crow Br nr Stitzer 42°53'56" 90°32'45" 05414000 8.89 .2420 relation 16 05413790 Leggett Ck nr Stitzer 42°56'00" 90°35'25" 05414000 4.45 .2051 equation 17 05413805 Newell Ck nr Stitzer 42°55'57" 90°34'14" 05414000 4.64 .2518 equation 18 05413810 Leggett Ck nr Stitzer 42°54'08" 90°33'45" 05414000 18.4 .2009 equation 19 05413850 Platte R Tr #2 nr Lancaster 42°51'42" 90°36'46" 05414000 13.3 .1726 equation 20 05413880 Bacon Br nr Ellenboro 42°50'46" 90°34'38" 05414000 7.56 .0850 relation 21 05413900 Platte R nr Lancaster 42°50'22" 90°36'06" 05414000 90.8 .2990 relation 22 05413930 Austin Br nr Ellenboro 42°49'07" 90°38'03" 05414000 5.52 .4810 relation 23 05413960 Willow Br nr Ellenboro 42°47'27" 90°36'08" 05414000 7.88 .1846 equation 24 05413970 Mcpherson Br nr Ellenboro 42°47'09" 90°37'43" 05414000 5.12 .4147 equation 25 05413980 Culver Br nr Ellenboro 42°45'26" 90°36'35" 05414000 3.11 .3377 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 11D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

26 05414030 Platte R Tr #3 nr Tennyson 42°41'46" 90°39'08" 05414000 7.19 0.3353 equation 27 05414060 Little Platte R at Arthur 42°50'33" 90°26'49" 05414000 9 .2743 equation 28 05414070 Little Platte R Tr at Arthur 42°50'30" 90°26'51" 05414000 3.48 .0564 equation 29 05414080 Little Platte R Tr nr Arthur 42°49'33" 90°29'11" 05414000 4.44 .1022 equation 30 05414150 Little Platte R nr Platteville 42°45'23" 90°29'40" 05414000 54 .1870 relation 31 05414200 Bear Br nr Platteville 42°45'46" 90°30'06" 05414000 2.72 .3770 relation 32 05414205 Young Br nr Platteville 42°45'43" 90°31'56" 05414000 2.34 .0820 relation 33 05414210 Roundtree Br at Platteville 42°44'02" 90°30'22" 05414000 12.5 .4750 relation 34 05414220 Little Platte R nr Dickeyville 42°39'34" 90°34'07" 05414000 96.6 .2270 relation 35 05414227 Blockhouse Ck at Platteville 42°41'10" 90°29'12" 05415000 8.19 .2501 equation 36 05414242 French Ck nr Georgetown 42°38'25" 90°28'38" 05415000 5.76 .1571 equation 37 05414245 French Ck nr Georgetown 42°39'23" 90°30'40" 05415000 9.94 .1497 equation 38 05414250 Blockhouse Ck nr Dickeyville 42°39'22" 90°34'24" 05415000 36.3 .2330 relation 39 05414265 Mcadam Br nr Dickeyville 42°38'45" 90°34'42" 05414000 13.2 .2665 equation 40 05414270 Little Platte R nr Dickeyville 42°39'24" 90°35'40" 05414000 148 .2168 equation 41 05414759 Menominee R nr Kieler 42°32'34" 90°36'09" 05414000 12 .1450 relation 42 05414800 Sinsinawa R nr Hazel Green 42°32'02" 90°28'53" 05415000 24.9 .2040 relation 43 05414890 Galena R nr Cuba City 42°38'27" 90°23'49" 05415000 15.2 .2704 equation 44 05414900 Pats Ck nr Elk Grove 42°40'03" 90°22'40" 05415000 8.5 .1910 relation 45 05414910 Galena R nr Cuba City 42°38'03" 90°22'16" 05415000 33.2 .2435 equation 46 05414925 Madden Br nr Cuba City 42°37'53" 90°21'20" 05415000 21.9 .2017 equation 47 05414935 Galena R nr Benton 42°34'00" 90°21'14" 05415000 71 .2240 relation 48 05414950 Shullsburg Br at Shullsburg 42°34'44" 90°14'26" 05415000 7.72 .1330 relation 49 05414970 Shullsburg Br at Lead Mine 42°33'42" 90°19'54" 05415000 31.1 .4000 equation 50 05415038 Scrabble Br nr Hazel Green 42°30'52" 90°24'10" 05415000 4.69 .2050 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 11D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

51 05432050 Pecatonica R Tr nr Livingston 42°55'46" 90°24'13" 05432500 4.32 0.2450 relation 52 05432100 Pecatonica R nr Mineral Point 42°48'43" 90°15'30" 05432500 68.8 .2480 relation 53 05432170 Mineral Point Br nr Mineral Point 42°50'31" 90°14'07" 05432500 32.1 .2425 equation 54 05432207 E Pecatonica R Tr nr Linden 42°55'13" 90°15'42" 05432500 2.03 .1970 relation 55 05432219 Pedler Ck nr Linden 42°54'27" 90°14'59" 05432500 13.6 .2290 relation 56 05432230 E Pecatonica R nr Mifflin 42°51'18" 90°17'12" 05432500 39.8 .2095 equation 57 05432270 Brewery Ck at Mineral Point 42°51'13" 90°10'38" 05432500 6.74 .2220 relation 58 05432300 Rock Br nr Mineral Point 42°50'02" 90°09'15" 05432500 4.83 .2480 relation 59 05432350 Bonner Br at Belmont 42°44'02" 90°19'42" 05432500 5.62 .2580 relation 60 05432400 Bonner Br at Calamine 42°44'31" 90°10'15" 05432500 34.5 .3232 equation 61 05432410 Pecatonica R at Calamine 42°44'28" 90°10'08" 05432500 232 .2543 equation 62 05432508 Otter Ck nr Waldwick 42°47'49" 90°06'28" 05432500 8.36 .3830 relation 63 05432512 Otter Ck Tr nr Waldwick 42°47'58" 90°05'48" 05432500 2.36 .2948 equation 64 05432514 Otter Ck nr Fayette 42°46'13" 90°05'43" 05432500 19.8 .3069 equation 65 05432518 Otter Ck nr Fayette 42°43'06" 90°04'40" 05432500 30.6 .2780 equation 66 05432520 Otter Ck Tr nr Fayette 42°43'06" 90°04'34" 05432500 5.25 .0640 equation 67 05432522 Otter Ck Tr nr Darlington 42°41'15" 90°03'40" 05432500 8.21 .1750 relation 68 05432525 Otter Ck nr Darlington 42°40'32" 90°03'51" 05432500 49.3 .2420 relation 69 05432550 Ames Br nr Darlington 42°39'26" 90°05'34" 05432500 44.3 .2610 relation 70 05432600 Wolf Ck at Gratiot 42°34'49" 90°01'27" 05432500 27.6 .1740 relation 71 05432645 Spafford Ck nr S Wayne 42°33'30" 89°53'51" 05432500 43.4 .2410 relation 72 05432740 Pecatonica R nr Hollandale 42°53'11" 89°54'26" 05433000 52.8 .3097 equation 73 05432800 Dodge Br at Hollandale 42°52'49" 89°56'18" 05432500 66 .3440 relation 74 05432900 Blue Mounds Br nr Hollandale 42°52'46" 89°51'38" 05433000 31 .3782 equation 75 05432924 Pleasant Vallet Br Tr nr Blanchardville 42°52'30" 89°47'13" 05433000 9.83 .6977 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 11D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

76 05432928 Pleasant Valley Br nr 

Blanchardville

42°52'13" 89°48'33" 05433000 21.5 0.5345 equation 

77 05432940 Pleasant Valley Br nr Hollandale 42°51'54" 89°51'26" 05433000 33 .3349 equation 78 05433200 Sawmill Ck nr Blanchardville 42°45'46" 89°51'33" 05433000 21.9 .3931 equation 79 05433400 Yellowstone R nr Waldwick 42°48'01" 89°58'38" 05433000 18.7 .1430 equation 80 05433620 Dougherty Ck at Argyle 42°41'53" 89°51'18" 05433000 27.1 .3545 equation 81 05433700 Whiteside Ck nr Argyle 43°40'10" 89°53'13" 05432500 19.9 .4100 relation 82 05434260 Skinner Ck nr Browntown 42°35'32" 89°46'30" 05432500 47.3 .2880 equation 83 05434300 Jordan Ck nr Browntown 42°36'38" 89°47'08" 05432500 14.3 .3410 relation 84 05434317 Skinner Ck at Browntown 42°34'48" 89°48'09" 05432500 71 .3030 relation 85 05435030 Honey Ck nr Monroe 42°35'54" 89°40'05" 05432500 4.74 .5740 relation 86 05435100 Honey Ck nr Martintown 42°30'51" 89°46'03" 05432500 32.8 -- relation 87 05435290 Richland Ck nr Monroe 42°33'41" 89°34'39" 05436500 10.9 .2880 relation 88 05435300 Twin Grove Br nr Monroe 42°31'47" 89°34'22" 05436500 6.43 .2500 relation 89 05435325 Richland Ck at Clarno 42°31'02" 89°38'46" 05436500 39.3 .2720 equation 90 05435900 Sugar R Tr nr Pine Bluff 43°02'48" 89°38'42" 05436500 7.42 .0261 equation 91 05435910 Sugar R at Riley 43°01'31" 89°37'18" 05436500 14.2 .2852 equation 92 05435936 Badger Mill Ck nr Verona 42°59'31" 89°30'49" 05436500 14.9 .0207 equation 93 05435943 Badger Mill Ck at Verona 42°58'38" 89°32'21" 05436500 20.3 .1770 relation 94 05435950 Sugar R nr Verona 42°56'58" 89°32'40" 05436500 82.7 .1940 relation 95 05435959 Sugar R at Paoli 42°56'01" 89°31'35" 05436500 88.7 .2580 relation 96 05435970 W Br Sugar R nr Mt Horeb 42°58'28" 89°44'05" 05436500 2.5 .6048 equation 97 05435980 W Br Sugar R nr Mt Vernon 42°54'47" 89°37'19" 05436500 32.7 -- relation 98 05435983 Fryes Feeder nr Mt. Vernon 42°57'46" 89°40'28" 05436500 4.56 .2879 equation 99 05435991 Mt Vernon Ck at Mt Vernon 42°57'15" 89°40'04" 05436500 9.27 .3250 equation 

100 05435993 Mt Vernon Ck at Mt Vernon 42°57'15" 89°40'01" 05436500 9.29 1.4151 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 11D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Pecatonica-Sugar River Basin—C

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

101 05436076 Sugar R at Belleville 42°51'40" 89°32'01" 05436500 172 0.4260 relation 102 05436190 Sugar R nr Dayton 42°47'59" 89°29'12" 05436500 233 .3334 equation 103 05436200 Gill Ck nr Bklyn 42°49'38" 89°26'43" 05436500 3.33 .2070 relation 104 05436215 Allen Ck at Bklyn 42°50'24" 89°22'09" 05436500 10.8 .1320 relation 105 05436225 Allen Ck at Evansville 42°46'30" 89°17'34" 05436500 27.5 .1280 relation 106 05436250 Allen Ck nr Albany 42°44'11" 89°25'57" 05436500 70.5 .2570 relation 107 05436270 Little Sugar R nr New Glarus 42°50'39" 89°39'24" 05436500 10.5 .4950 equation 108 05436281 Little Sugar R at New Glarus 42°48'52" 89°37'49" 05436500 22.4 .3930 relation 109 05436285 Legler School Br at New Glarus 42°48'13" 89°38'07" 05436500 4.01 .3872 equation 

110 05436300 Little Sugar R nr New Glarus 42°47'11" 89°35'21" 05436500 39.6 .3760 relation 

111 05436360 W Br Litle Sugar R at Monticello 42°44'46" 89°35'57" 05436500 29 .4409 equation 

112 05436362 W Br Little Sugar R at Monticello 42°44'43" 89°35'02" 05436500 33.6 .4460 relation 113 05436380 Burgy Ck nr Monticello 42°42'52" 89°35'56" 05436500 14 .2568 equation 114 05436400 Little Sugar R nr Monticello 42°43'30" 89°31'44" 05436500 118 .3490 relation 115 05436440 Searles Ck nr Brodhead 42°38'43" 89°26'47" 05436500 19.3 .0659 equation 116 05436510 Sylvester Ck nr Monroe 42°38'03" 89°34'21" 04073500 6.06 .3300 relation 117 05436542 Juda Br at Juda 42°35'30" 89°29'43" 05436500 8.13 .3570 relation 118 05436600 Sylvester Cr nr Brodhead 42°36'07" 89°24'51" 05436500 44.7 .2880 relation 119 05436700 Taylor Ck nr Brodhead 42°35'35" 89°21'29" 05436500 26.1 .1630 relation 
Rock-Fox

River Basin

WISCONSIN

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

0 10 20 MILES

0 10 20 KILOMETERS

88°W

42°30'N

43°30'N

89°30'W

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Basin boundary

Open water

Stream

U.S. Geological Survey

streamflow-gaging station

Subbasin boundary

4

Rock-Fox River Basin

Appendix 12. Rock-Fox River Basin 109

Appendix 12–A. Locations of streamflow-gaging stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin and spatial distribution of average annual 

recharge.
0 12.5 25 50 KILOMETERS

0 12.5 25 50 MILES

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

! ! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

! !!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! !!

! !!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!!

!

!

!

!

! ! ! !

! !

!

!

! !

!

!

!! ! ! !

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

! !

!

!

!

!

! !

!

! ! ! !

! !

! !

!

!

!

!

!

! !

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

99 98

97

96

95

94

92 93

90 91

89

88

87

86

85

83 84

80

82

81

78 79 77

76 75 74

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61 60

58 59

57 56

55

54

51

53

52

50

49

48

47

46 45

44

43

41 42

40

39

38 37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22 21

20 19 18

17 16

15

14

13 12

11

10

147 146

145

144

143

142

141

140 139

138

136 137 135 134 133

132

131 130 129

128

127

126

125 124

123

122

121

120

119

118

117 115

116

114 113

111 112 110

109

108

106 107

105 104103 102

101 100

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

99 98

97

96

95

94

92 93

90 91

89

88

87

86

85

83 84

80

82

81

78 79 77

76 75 74

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61 60

58 59

57 56

55

54

51

53

52

50

49

48

47

46 45

44

43

41 42

40

39

38 37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22 21

20 19 18

17 16

15

14

13 12

11

10

147 146

145

144

143

142

141

140 139

138

136 137 135 134 133

132

131 130 129

128

127

126

125 124

123

122

121

120

119

118

117 115

116

114 113

111 112 110

109

108

106 107

105 104103 102

101 100

89°W

43°N

WISCONSIN

EXPLANATION

Recharge, in inches 

≥ 12

11–11.9

10–10.9

9–9.9

8–8.9

7–7.9

6–6.9

5–5.9

4–4.9

3–3.9

2–2.9

1–1.9

< 1

Watershed

Open water

Basin boundary

U.S. Geological Survey

miscellaneous and partial

records site

Stream

! 4

Rock-Fox

River Basin

Subbasin boundary

Rock-Fox River Basin

110 Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data

Appendix 12–B. Locations of miscellaneous and partial-record sites in the Rock-Fox River Basin and spatial distribution of 

estimated average annual recharge.
1 Water year is a 12-month period from October 1 through September 30, and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends (for example, the 2004 water year occurred O

ber 30, 2004). 2 Discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; mi2, square mile; ft3/s, cubic foot per second; BFI, Baseflow Index; ex rec, extended record; R, River; Bk, Brook; BrTr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, South; E, East; W, West; --, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 12C. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for streamflow-gaging stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin.

Map 

number

USGS

station 

ID

Station name

Drainage 

area

(mi2)

Period of 

analysis

(water years1)

Base flow 

method

Base flow 

index

Base flow

(ft3/s)

Recharge

(inches)

Total 

streamflow 

(ft3/s)

1 05423000 W Br Rock R nr Waupun 40.7 1950–1981 ex rec -- 17 5.7 -- 2 05423500 S Br Rock R at Waupun 63.6 1970–1999 ex rec -- 25 5.3 -- 3 05424000 E Br Rock R nr Mayville 179 1950–1970 ex rec -- 50 3.8 -- 4 05426000 Crawfish R at Milford 762 1970–1999 BFI 0.6010 320 5.8 530 5 05426250 Bark R nr Rome 122 1980–1999 ex rec -- 66 7.4 -- 6 05427000 Whitewater Ck at Whitewater 22.8 1927,

1944–1954

ex rec -- 16 9.5 -- 

7 05427507 Koshkonong Ck nr Rockdale 150 1978–1982 ex rec -- 62 5.6 -- 8 05427718 Yahara R at Windsor 73.6 1970–1999 ex rec -- 15 2.7 -- 9 05427800 Token Ck nr Madison 24.3 1976–1980 ex rec -- 22 12.3 -- 

10 05427900 Sixmile Ck nr Waunakee 41.1 1977–1981 ex rec -- 8.2 2.7 -- 

11 05427943 Pheasant Br nr Middleton 9.61 1978–1981 ex rec -- 1.0 1.4 -- 

12 05427948 Pheasant Br at Middleton 18.3 1975–1999 BFI .3460 1.5 1.1 5.0 13 05431486 Turtle Ck nr Clinton 2.57 1970–1999 BFI .6720 97 6.6 50 14 05543830 Fox R at Waukesha 126 1970–1999 BFI .5730 64 6.9 110 15 05544200 Mukwonago R at Mukwonago 74.1 1974–1998 BFI .6050 33 6.0 55 16 05545750 Fox R at New Munster 811 1970–1998 BFI .6260 420 7.1 670 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 12D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin.

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

1 05423300 S Branch Rock R Tr nr Waupun 43°39'46" 88°48'55" 05423500 12.6 -- relation 2 05423510 W Branch Rock R nr Waupun 43°38'04" 88°41'08" 05423500 113 0.1824 equation 3 05423800 E Branch Rock R Tr nr Slinger 43°23'06" 88°18'29" 04086500 4.42 1.6090 relation 4 05423825 E Branch Rock R at Allenton 43°25'01" 88°20'29" 05424000 28.1 -- relation 5 05423840 E Branch Rock R Tr #2 nr Nenno 43°27'51" 88°23'15" 05424000 17.3 .0579 equation 6 05423850 Kohlsville R nr Kohlsville 43°29'02" 88°22'03" 05424000 20 .0686 equation 7 05423890 E Branch Rock R Tr nr Lomira 43°34'00" 88°26'24" 05424000 3.7 -- relation 8 05423947 Kummel Ck nr Theresa 43°32'32" 88°26'33" 05424000 28.7 .0617 equation 9 05423960 E Branch Rock R at Theresa 43°31'08" 88°27'15" 05424000 140 -- relation 

10 05424071 Dead Ck Tr nr Clyman 43°20'34" 88°42'00" 05426000 5.3 .0188 equation 

11 05424085 Wildcat Ck nr Iron Ridge 43°23'07" 88°32'46" 05426000 21 -- relation 

12 05424093 Rubicon Ck nr Slinger 43°19'56" 88°18'32" 04087000 5.24 .0800 relation 13 05424097 Rubicon R at Hartford 43°19'12" 88°23'15" 04087000 27.8 .0820 relation 14 05424100 Rubicon R nr Hartford 43°17'36" 88°27'32" 04086500 60 -- relation 15 05424150 Rubicon R nr Hustisford 43°19'25" 88°33'56" 05426000 80.5 .0960 equation 16 05424158 Baker Ck nr Lebanon 43°15'41" 88°36'29" 05426000 8.63 .0863 equation 17 05424190 Ashippun R nr Alderly 43°14'46" 88°25'44" 05426000 18.6 .1890 equation 18 05424200 Ashippun R nr Oconomowoc 43°10'21" 88°27'32" 05426000 33.8 .3330 relation 19 05424250 Ashippun R nr Monterey 43°10'20" 88°32'48" 05426000 44.6 .1781 equation 20 05424270 Rock R Tr nr Ixonia 43°09'52" 88°35'58" 05426000 3.74 .0077 equation 21 05425300 Oconomowoc R nr Pipersville 43°06'30" 88°37'05" 05426000 123 .1433 equation 22 05425320 Rock R Tr nr Pipersville 43°07'21" 88°39'54" 05426000 5.31 .0229 equation 23 05425340 Rock R Tr nr Watertown 43°08'51" 88°40'20" 05426000 8.39 .0365 equation 24 05425392 Clyman Ck nr Clyman 43°16'11" 88°43'28" 05426000 2.38 .0592 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 12D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin—Continued

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

25 05425400 Silver Ck nr Watertown 43°13'35" 88°43'54" 05426000 21.9 0.0870 relation 26 05425520 Rock R Tr nr Milford 43°09'11" 88°47'04" 05426000 9.88 .1426 equation 27 05425560 Johnson Ck at Johnson Ck 43°04'34" 88°46'33" 05426000 43.9 .0130 equation 28 05425580 Crawfish R nr Fall R, X 43°21'52" 89°02'55" 05426000 54.2 -- relation 29 05425600 N Br Crawfish R nr Columbus 43°25'13" 89°02'07" 05426000 69.1 -- relation 30 05425650 N Br Crawfish R nr Fall R 43°22'17" 89°02'54" 05426000 80 .0151 equation 31 05425700 Robbins Ck nr Columbus 43°20'48" 89°01'55" 05426000 8.01 .0920 relation 32 05425716 Crawfish R at Columbus 43°20'09" 89°00'34" 05426000 164 -- relation 33 05425830 Maunesha R nr Sun Prairie 43°13'11" 89°08'06" 05426000 34.45 -- relation 34 05425840 Maunesha R at Marshall 43°09'57" 89°03'28" 05426000 70.6 .1060 relation 35 05425847 Maunesha R at Waterloo 43°11'18" 88°59'09" 05426000 91.3 -- relation 36 05425860 Stony Bk nr Waterloo 43°09'30" 88°58'56" 05426000 14.2 .1463 equation 37 05425898 Beaver Ck Tr nr Randolph 43°30'19" 89°01'24" 05423500 4.58 -- relation 38 05425900 Beaver Ck nr Randolph 43°31'00" 88°58'23" 05423500 34.3 .0431 equation 39 05425926 Beaverdam R Tr at Reeseville 43°18'13" 88°50'28" 05426000 3.51 .0216 equation 40 05425960 Crawfish R Tr nr Lk Mills 43°07'02" 88°53'10" 05426000 5.11 .1384 equation 41 05425983 Rock Ck at Lk Mills 43°04'43" 88°54'48" 05426000 15 .0397 equation 42 05425988 Rock Ck at Lk Mills 43°04'43" 88°54'06" 05426000 15.7 -- relation 43 05426045 Deer Ck nr Fort atkinson 42°57'05" 88°48'34" 05426000 23.9 .1882 equation 44 05426060 Bark R at Hartland 43°07'11" 88°20'07" 05426000 30.2 .4340 relation 45 05426200 Bark R nr Sullivan 42°59'03" 88°34'30" 05426000 104.7 .2570 relation 46 05426230 Bark R at Rome 42°59'10" 88°36'58" 05426000 114 .3313 equation 47 05426260 Duck Cr nr Sullivan 43°02'28" 88°35'07" 05426000 7.44 -- relation 48 05426300 Duck Ck nr Sullivan 42°57'41" 88°40'41" 05426000 33.1 .1150 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 12D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin—Continued

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

49 05426330 Bark R at Hebron 42°55'38" 88°41'07" 05426000 163 0.1159 equation 50 05426400 Scuppernong R nr Palmyra 42°53'10" 88°32'29" 05426000 24.8 .4500 relation 51 05426425 Scuppernong R above Mud Ck 42°53'53" 88°37'24" 05426000 35.24 .2875 equation 52 05426430 Scuppernong R Below Mud Ck 42°54'02" 88°38'13" 05426000 50.4 .2319 equation 53 05426437 Spring Ck nr Whitewater 42°52'26" 88°38'23" 05426000 10.1 1.1277 equation 54 05426450 Steel Bk Tr nr Whitewater 42°49'48" 88°40'23" 05426000 3.19 .4692 equation 55 05426460 Bark R nr Hebron 42°53'40" 88°42'06" 05426000 254 .1608 equation 56 05426900 Whitewater Ck nr Whitewater 42°48'14" 88°42'11" 05431486 20.6 -- relation 57 05427008 Spring Bk nr Whitewater 42°47'29" 88°45'28" 05431486 11.05 .2473 equation 58 05427010 Spring Bk at Whitewater 42°49'08" 88°44'41" 05431486 16.28 -- relation 59 05427013 Whitewater Ck at Whitewater 42°50'34" 88°44'02" 05431486 42.7 .3170 relation 60 05427014 Whitewater Ck Tr nr Whitewater 42°51'18" 88°43'08" 05431486 3.95 -- relation 61 05427017 Whitewater Ck nr Whitewater 42°51'26" 88°44'26" 05431486 49.39 .3061 equation 62 05427037 Whitewater Ck at Cold Spring 42°53'33" 88°46'22" 05431486 70 -- relation 63 05427130 Rock R Tr nr Busseyville 42°56'05" 88°54'28" 05426000 8.73 .0922 equation 64 05427200 Allen Ck nr Fort atkinson 42°53'54" 88°51'35" 05431486 10.2 .0700 relation 65 05427223 Rock R Tr nr Busseyville 42°55'27" 88°57'07" 05426000 9.83 .1158 equation 66 05427230 Otter Ck nr Milton 42°49'19" 88°55'52" 05426000 47.4 .0360 relation 67 05427350 Koshkonong Cr nr Deerfield 43°04'25" 89°04'25" 05426000 68.6 .3440 relation 68 05427430 Koshkonong Ck at London 43°03'31" 89°00'35" 05426000 108 .2369 equation 69 05427510 Koshkonong Ck nr Busseyville 42°54'44" 89°00'15" 05426000 161 .2348 equation 70 05427550 Saunders Ck at Albion 42°52'43" 89°03'57" 05431486 21.2 .2430 relation 71 05427640 Yahara R at Deforest 43°14'58" 89°20'37" 05406500 39.2 -- relation 72 05427700 Yahara R nr Deforest 43°12'59" 89°20'58" 05406500 48.6 .1010 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 12D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin—Continued

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

73 05427767 Token Ck nr Token Ck 43°11'53" 89°17'35" 05406500 4.78 -- relation 74 05427910 Sixmile Ck nr Waunakee 43°08'49" 89°26'13" 05406500 48.3 0.0987 equation 75 05427927 Spring Ck nr Waunakee 43°08'34" 89°27'56" 05406500 9.95 -- relation 76 05427930 Spring Ck nr Waunakee 43°08'25" 89°26'32" 05406500 12.6 -- relation 77 05427952 Pheasant Br at Middleton 43°06'22" 89°29'01" 05406500 24.5 -- relation 78 05428600 W Br Starkweather Ck at Madison 43°06'00" 89°20'18" 05426000 10.08 -- relation 79 05428650 E Br Starkweather Ck at Madison 43°05'58" 89°19'54" 05426000 7.41 -- relation 80 05429570 Door Ck Tr at Cottage Grove 43°04'19" 89°12'52" 05426000 2.73 -- relation 81 05429580 Door Ck nr Cotage Grove 43°02'54" 89°13'54" 05426000 12.24 -- relation 82 05429600 Door Ck nr Mcfarland 43°00'46" 89°14'08" 05426000 26.7 .1240 relation 83 05430040 Oregon Br nr Oregon 42°55'24" 89°21'22" 05436500 21.4 .0609 equation 84 05430055 Oregon Br nr Oregon 42°55'10" 89°18'50" 05436500 27.9 .0974 equation 85 05430085 Rutland Br Badfish Ck nr Bklyn 42°53'45" 89°19'15" 05436500 5.94 1.0575 equation 86 05430300 Marsh Ck nr Janesville 42°43'15" 89°03'30" 05436500 35.8 .4320 relation 87 05430400 Fisher Ck nr Janesville 42°39'44" 89°03'31" 05436500 3.93 .0453 equation 88 05430450 Markham Ck nr Janesville 42°38'48" 89°04'00" 05436500 9.99 .0792 equation 89 05430525 Bass Ck at Footville 42°39'45" 89°12'32" 05436500 14 -- relation 90 05430530 Stevens Ck nr Footville 42°41'16" 89°10'31" 05436500 7.22 .0741 equation 91 05430535 Stevens Ck Tr nr Footville 42°41'13" 89°10'13" 05436500 3.18 .1095 equation 92 05430560 Bass Ck Tr at Hanover 42°38'36" 89°10'29" 05436500 14.7 .1069 equation 93 05430580 Bass Ck at Hanover 42°38'31" 89°09'44" 05436500 47 .2165 equation 94 05430600 Bass Ck nr Janesville 42°37'20" 89°07'45" 05436500 57.9 .2920 relation 95 05430610 Bass Ck at Afton 42°36'04" 89°03'36" 05436500 65.5 .2483 equation 96 05430650 Rock R Tr nr Beloit 42°33'53" 89°03'04" 05436500 12.3 .0806 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 12D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin—Continued

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

97 05431005 Turtle Ck nr Delavan 42°40'59" 88°41'16" 05431486 14.2 -- relation 98 05431010 Turtle Ck Tr nr Delavan 42°39'27" 88°37'42" 05431486 6.59 0.0286 equation 99 05431015 Jackson Ck nr Elkhorn 42°38'45" 88°32'29" 05431486 9.69 -- relation 

100 05431016 Johnson Ck at Mounds Rd nr 

Elkhorn

42°38'27" 88°33'39" 05431486 16.8 .1041 equation 

101 05431070 Turtle Ck nr Allens Grove 42°37'51" 88°46'30" 05431486 111 .2848 equation 102 05431200 Little Turtle Ck nr Allens Grove 42°32'12" 88°48'04" 05431486 18.2 .3160 equation 103 05431250 Ladd Ck nr Allens Grove 42°32'20" 88°44'50" 05431486 6.35 -- relation 104 05431300 Ladd Ck nr Allens Grove 42°33'14" 88°46'12" 05431486 12.6 .1895 equation 105 05431350 Little Turtle Ck Tr nr Allens Grove 42°33'53" 88°46'35" 05431486 6.46 .1707 equation 106 05431400 Little Turtle Ck at Allens Grove 42°34'33" 88°45'40" 05431486 42.4 .0810 relation 107 05431420 Little Turtle Ck Tr nr Allens Grove 42°35'06" 88°44'28" 05431486 11.2 -- relation 108 05431480 Spring Bk nr Clinton 42°36'04" 88°49'44" 05431486 10 .0523 equation 109 05431600 Turtle Ck Tr # 4 at Shopiere 42°34'38" 88°55'24" 05431486 3.32 .1198 equation 

110 05431740 Spring Bk nr Beloit 42°30'37" 88°59'05" 05431486 9.33 .1618 equation 

111 05437180 E Fk Raccoon Ck nr Beloit 42°30'41" 89°07'16" 05436500 10.6 .1890 relation 

112 05437200 E Fk Racoon Ck Tr nr Beloit 42°30'44" 89°06'40" 05436500 4.64 .1140 relation 113 05437210 E Fk Raccoon Ck nr Beloit 42°30'15" 89°07'02" 05436500 16.2 .2350 relation 114 054382832 Raccoon Ck nr Sharon 42°30'33" 88°39'47" 05431486 11.2 -- relation 115 05527662 Brighton Ck nr Paddock Lk 42°34'57" 88°04'04" 05545750 16.6 .0572 equation 116 05527672 Salem Br nr Salem 42°33'48" 88°05'29" 05545750 3.77 .1237 equation 117 05527675 Brighton Ck nr Bristol 42°34'42" 88°02'56" 05545750 25.5 .0562 equation 118 05527700 Des Plaines R nr Kenosha 42°32'37" 88°00'04" 05545750 56.2 .0210 equation 119 05527720 Des Plaines R nr Pleasant Priarie 42°33'14" 87°57'08" 05545750 71.5 .0331 equation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.]Appendix 12D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin—Continued

Map

number

USGS 

station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

120 05527895 Dutch Gap Canal nr Benet Lk 42°29'43" 88°00'18" 05545750 16.1 0.0364 equation 121 055437888 Fox R Tr nr Sussex 43°07'17" 88°09'54" 05543830 5.39 .2276 equation 122 055437901 Fox R nr Sussex 43°06'27" 88°10'20" 05543830 22.01 .0578 equation 123 055437907 Fox R Tr nr Sussex 43°05'27" 88°12'19" 05543830 10.5 .3694 equation 124 05543800 Fox R nr Waukesha at Watertown 

Rd

43°03'12" 88°11'41" 05543830 77.4 .1150 relation 

125 05543808 Zion Ck nr Pewaukee 43°03'27" 88°18'50" 05545750 3.4 .3046 equation 126 05543850 Pebble Ck nr Waukesha 42°59'39" 88°17'22" 05543830 17.3 .3360 relation 127 05544080 Jericho Ck nr Jericho 42°51'32" 88°25'57" 05545750 12.2 .1625 equation 128 05544320 Fox R at Big Bend 42°52'34" 88°12'38" 05545750 322 .2410 relation 129 05544350 Fox R at Waterford 42°45'46" 88°12'48" 05545750 357 .2787 equation 130 05544838 Honey Ck at E Troy 42°46'53" 88°25'31" 05431486 40.9 .2979 equation 131 05544850 Honey Ck nr E Troy 42°47'18" 88°22'00" 05431486 48.4 -- relation 132 05544970 Honey Ck at Honey Ck 42°44'54" 88°18'36" 05431486 74.2 -- relation 133 05544990 Honey Ck nr Burlington 42°43'09" 88°18'03" 05545750 84.8 -- relation 134 05545080 Sugar Ck nr Elkhorn 42°42'54" 88°33'44" 05431486 27.2 -- relation 135 05545109 Sugar Ck nr Spring Prairie 42°43'21" 88°28'17" 05431486 54.8 -- relation 136 05545110 Suger Ck nr Troy 42°43'55" 88°24'21" 05431486 60.9 -- relation 137 05545118 Sugar Ck Tr nr Honey Lk 42°43'01" 88°21'50" 05431486 4.95 -- relation 138 05545120 Sugar Ck nr Vienna 42°42'54" 88°20'31" 05431486 76.4 .2080 relation 139 05545203 White R Tr at Lyons 42°39'43" 88°21'21" 05431486 4.11 .1722 equation 140 05545208 White R Tr nr Lyons 42°39'40" 88°20'15" 05431486 2.9 .1298 equation 141 05545240 White R Tr nr Pell Lk 42°35'14" 88°20'23" 05431486 10.5 .3455 equation 142 05545300 White R at Burlington 42°39'57" 88°19'03" 05431486 110 .2715 relation 
1 Low-flow discharge measurements at partial-record stations were compared to one or more nearby USGS gaging stations to establish a relation between measured discharge 

The nearby gaging station that provided the best relation with the partial-record station was chosen as the index station and was associated with nearby miscellaneous measurem

2 Mismatch between surface-water and ground-water drainage area. [USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ID, identification number; dd°mm'ss", degrees, minutes, seconds; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic foot per second per square mile; ft3/s, cubic 

statewide regression equation; relation, established relation line with index station; R, River; Bk, Brook; Br, Branch; Fk, Fork; Ck, Creek; Tr, Tributary; nr, near; N, North; S, So--, not determined in historical low-flow reports. See references for full list of low-flow reports.] Appendix 12D. Average annual base flow and corresponding recharge, 1970–99, for partial-record stations in the Rock-Fox River Basin—Continued

Map number USGS station ID Station name Latitude (dd°mm'ss") Longitude (dd°mm'ss") Index station1 Drainage area (mi2) Base flow factor (ft3/s/mi2) Base flow method 

143 05545329 Honey Ck at Burlington 42°40'53" 88°16'34" 05545750 288 0.1888 equation 144 05545600 Hoosier Ck nr Burlington 42°39'30" 88°14'01" 05545750 20.7 .1250 relation 145 05545955 Basset Ck nr Twin Lks 42°32'27" 88°13'40" 05545750 5.09 .2007 equation 146 05548150 N Br Nippersink Ck nr Genoa City 42°30'15" 88°23'01" 05431486 13.6 .5660 relation 147 05548170 N Br Nippersink Ck at Genoa City 42°29'51" 88°20'00" 05431486 41.7 .3237 equation 

Publishing support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Science 

Publishing Network, Columbus Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning the research in this report, 

contact the

Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center

U.S. Geological Survey

8505 Research Way

Middleton, Wisconsin 53562

http://wi.water.usgs.gov/

—Estimating 1970–99 Average Annual Groundwater Recharge in Wisconsin Using Streamflow Data— Open-File Report 2009–1210

Printed on recycled paper