-,~EO 81'"" xi'" S'<!'

j 8 t, UNITED STATES ENVIRO MENTAL PROTECTIO AGENCY

S 'ffi WASHINGTON D.C., 20460

Cl

; ~'110. .6...fJ QfFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY

....,. G' AND POLLllTlOS' PREVENTION

,,( PRO~

March 11,2011

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Summary of Product Chemistry, Environmental Fate, and

Ecotoxicity Data for the p-Chloro-m-Cresol and Sodium p-Chlorom~Cresolate Registration Review Decision Document.

Active Ingredients

p-Chloro-m-Cresol

Sodium p-Chloro-m-Cresolate

DP Barcode: 383014

PC Code

064206

064205

CAS No.

59-50-7

15733-22-9

Case#

3046

50 II

FROM:

TO:

THRU:

Introduction

Srinivas Gowda, Microbiologist S"1ri ~vo.S Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch (RASSB)

Antimicrobials Division (751 OP)

Seiichi Murasaki, Chemical Review Manager

Regulatory Management Branch II

Antimicrobials Division (7510P) .A~. / ; /

Nader Elkassabany, Branch Chief / f {h# V t

Siroes Mostaghimi, Peer Reviewer~_ 1/I,A<Yd_

Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch (RAS

Antimicrobials Division (751 OP)

(

The first product containing p-chloro-rn-cresol as an active ingredient was

registered in the United States in 1968 for use as an industrial preservative. Currently

there are three products registered with p-chloro-m-cresol as an active ingredient for the

material preservative uses listed in Table I. A manufacturing use product is registered

for fonnulation as a preservative against bacteria or as an antimicrobial for the following

uses: industrial adhesives, general preservatives for leather, paper products, textiles,

fibers and cordage, metalworking (cuning) fluids, industrial coatings and resin or latex or

polymer emulsions; and for general hard non-porous surface use in residential,

commercial, industrial and institutional. End-use products are registered for use as a

material preservative for the protection of chrome or vegetable tanned leather, glues,

Page I of24
adhesives, pigment slurries, building materials such as joint cements and concrete 

additives, metalworking fluids, materials in the textile industry, paper, polishes, waxes, 

protein solutions, ceramic glazes, fire extinguishing materials, cleaning solutions and 

detergents. A Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) was issued by EPA in January 

1997.

The first product containing Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate as an active ingredient 

was registered in the United States in 2000 for use as an industrial preservative and 

disinfectant. Currently there are six products registered with sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate 

as an active ingredient for the material preservative and disinfectant uses listed in Table 2.

Table 1. Registered Active Product of p-Chloro-m-Cresol 

Registration # Registration Name Company 

Name 

Formulation 

Type 

% of 

Active 

Ingredient

39967-8 

Preventol® CMK 

Parachlorometacresol (PCMC) 

LANXESS 

Corporation 

Technical 

Chemical 

Solid 

99.9 

39967-9 Preventol® WB LANXESS 

Corporation 

Soluble 

Concentrate 29.6 

39967-12 Preventol® CMK Preservative LANXESS 

Corporation 

End Use Product 

Pellets 99.9 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-8 

Preventol® CMK 

For Manufacturing Use 

Technical Chemical 

p-Chloro-m-cresol 99.9% 

For formulation as a preservative against bacteria or as an antimicrobial for the following 

uses: 

(1) Only for formulation into microbiocide for the following use(s): industrial adhesives, 

general preservatives for leather, paper products, textiles, fibers and cordage, 

metalworking (cutting) fluids, industrial coatings and resin or latex or polymer 

emulsions. 

(2) General hard non-porous surface use in residential, commercial, industrial and 

institutional. 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-9 

Preventol® WB 

Soluble Concentrate 

Industrial Microbiocide (Dilutable Concentrate) 

p-Chloro-m-cresol 29.6% 

o-Phenylphenol 12.5% 

 Page 2 of 24
Preservative for the Leather Industry. 

Preservative for the Protection of Chrome or Vegetable Tanned Leather, Glues, 

Adhesives, Pigment Slurries, Building Materials such as Joint Cements and Concrete 

Additives, Metalworking Fluids, Materials in the Textile Industry, Paper, Polishes, 

Waxes, Protein Solutions, Ceramic Glazes, Fire Extinguishing Materials, Cleaning 

Solutions and Detergents. 

Preventol® WB Technical Information Sheet 

Preventol WB prevents damage and deterioration caused by mold and bacteria to leather, 

glues, adhesives, pigment slurries, building materials (e.g. concrete additives, joint 

cements), metal working fluids, materials in the textile industry, materials in the paper 

industry, oil field materials (e.g. drilling muds), polishes, waxes; protein solutions, 

ceramic glazes, fire extinguishing materials, cleaning solutions and detergents. Due to its 

special combination of active ingredients, Preventol WB has a wide spectrum of activity, 

including mold, fungi, bacteria and yeasts. It is readily soluble in water and easy to use. 

Uses: 

LEATHER 

Storage of raw hides - Protection against preservation damage. 

Soaking of hides, particularly dried hides - No damage caused by soaking. 

Pickled pelts - Protection of pelts against mold, even during shipping over long distances. 

Wet Blues - Prevention of mold formation and damage from bacteria, even during 

prolonged storage and shipping. 

Vegetable tanning floats - No tanning material loss due to mold formation, 

decomposition or acid formation. 

All types of finished leather - Gives long-lasting leather protection against the formation 

of mold. 

ADHESIVES AND GLUES 

Bone glues 

Skin glues 

Casein containing glues 

Other animal glues 

Starch based glues (liquid) 

Starch based glues (solid) 

Dextrin adhesives 

Cellulose adhesives 

Other plant based adhesives 

Polyvinyl acetate adhesives 

Acrylic adhesives 

Styrene butadiene adhesives 

Other adhesive emulsions 

Gumarabic and similar adhesives 

 Page 3 of 24
PIGMENT SLURRIES 

Kaolin slurry 

Calcium carbonate slurry 

Talcum slurry 

Iron oxide slurry 

MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY 

Joint cements 

Concrete additives 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

METALWORKING FLUIDS 

Metalworking fluids-Mineral Oil Based 

Metalworking fluids (concentrates) 

Metalworking fluids (ready for use) 

Metalworking fluids-Non-Mineral Oil Based 

Metalworking fluids (concentrates) 

Metalworking fluids (ready for use) 

MATERIALS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY 

Printing thickeners (liquid) 

Printing thickeners (solid) 

Sizes and finishing agents 

Yam humidifiers 

Printing thickeners (liquid) 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY 

Filler suspensions and coating compounds 

Rosin paper sizes 

Starch slurries 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS 

Polishing and wax material 

Protein solutions 

Ceramic glazes 

Fire extinguishing materials 

Cleaning solutions, detergents 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-12 

Preventol® CMK Preservative 

p-Chloro-m-cresol 99.9% 

For the Preservation of Adhesives, Glues, Joint Cements, Polymer Dispersions and 

Emulsions, Metalworking/Cutting Fluids, Dyes, Industrial Lubricants, Pigments And 

Filler Suspensions, Materials in the Building Industry (e.g., Concrete Additives, Joint 

 Page 4 of 24
Cements), Paint and Coatings; Paper, Textile, Photo, Oil Industries And Leather at all 

Stages of Production. 

Technical Information Sheet.

PREVENTOL CMK Preservative is a high purity chemical suggested as a preservative 

against bacteria, mold fungi and yeast deterioration for industrial water based 

compositions, such as adhesives, joint cements, and latex emulsions to impart package 

stability, leather at all stages of production and metalworking fluids and cutting oils. 

Recommended use: 

ADHESIVES AND GLUES: 

Bone glues 

Skin glues 

Fish glues 

Leather glues 

Gelatin based glues 

Casein containing adhesives 

Other animal glues 

Starch based glues (liquid) 

Starch based glues (solid) 

Dextrin adhesives 

Hydroxyethyl cellulose adhesives 

Methyl cellulose adhesives 

Other plant based adhesives 

Polyvinyl acetate adhesives 

Polyvinyl alcohol adhesives 

Acrylic adhesives 

Styrene butadiene (SBR latex) adhesives 

Other adhesive emulsions 

Gumarabic and similar gums 

Rosin paper sizes 

JOINT CEMENTS: 

Vinyl latex based 

Protein based 

Other joint cement materials 

POLYMER DISPERSIONS: 

AND EMULSIONS 

Acrylic 

Polyvinylacetate (PVA) 

Vinyl/Acrylic 

Styrene Butadiene (SBR Latex) 

Other Polymer emulsions 

 Page 5 of 24
LEATHER: 

Pickle solutions and pickled hides 

Chrome leather (calculated on pelt weight) 

Leather pasting adhesives 

Leather pigment finishes 

LUBRICOOLANTS AND MINERAL OIL BASED PRODUCTS: 

Straight oils (Mineral-oil based) 

(Concentrates) 

(ready for use) 

Soluble oils (oil emulsions, aqueous) 

(concentrates) 

(ready for use) 

Semi-synthetic (emulsions, aqueous) 

(concentrates) 

(ready for use) 

Synthetic (solutions) 

(concentrates) 

(ready for use) 

MATERIALS IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY: 

Inks 

Fount solutions 

Printing pastes 

Other printing materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY: 

Bitumen emulsions 

Concrete additives 

Other building materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE 

COATINGS INDUSTRY: 

Dyestuff paste, knifing fillers and plastic putty 

Casein based coatings 

Paints 

Other auxiliaries and coating materials 

Synthetic resin dispersions 

MATERIALS IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY: 

Rosin paper sizes 

Filler suspensions and coating compounds 

Starch slurries 

Pigment slurries 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

 Page 6 of 24
MATERIALS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY: 

Spinning Preparations 

Sizes and finishing agents 

Yarn humidifiers 

Printing thickeners (solid) 

Printing thickeners (liquid) 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE PHOTO INDUSTRY: 

Gelatin 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE OIL INDUSTRY: 

Biopolymers, solid 

(xanthan, starch, galactomannan, etc.) Biopolymers, liquid 

(drilling muds) 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS: 

Polishing and wax material 

Protein solutions 

Cleaning solutions, detergents 

Ceramic glazes 

Fire extinguishing materials 

Materials and auxiliaries in the leather industry 

Cosmetic and toiletry raw materials 

Industrial Lubricants 

Table 2. Registered Active Product of Sodium p-Chloro-m-Cresolate

Registration # Registration Name Company

 Name 

Formulation 

 Type 

% of 

Active 

Ingredient

39967-21 Preventol CMK-NA LANXESS 

Corporation 

Formulation 

Intermediate Solid 

MUP 71 

39967-22 Preventol CMK-NA 

Preservative 

LANXESS 

Corporation 

Ready-to-Use Solid 

MUP 71 

39967-25 Preventol CMK 40 LANXESS 

Corporation 

Soluble 

Concentrate 

MUP 

46.13 

39967-26 Preventol WB Plus LANXESS 

Corporation 

Soluble 

Concentrate 31.9 

39967-27 Preventol CMK-NA 

Preservative Solution 

LANXESS 

Corporation 

Soluble 

Concentrate 

MUP 

34.5 

 Page 7 of 24
% of Company Formulation Registration # Registration Name Active Name Type Ingredient

39967-46 Preventol CT-L LANXESS 

Corporation 

Soluble 

Concentrate 37.3 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-21 

Preventol® CMK-Na 

Formulation Intermediate 

Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate 71.0% 

Only for formulation as a disinfectant, fungicide, bactericide, or preservative for the 

following uses: 

(a) Disinfectant uses: Industrial, Hospital, Household, Institutional, and Hard Surface 

Disinfection. 

(b) Preservation uses: Industrial Preservatives for Leather/Leather Products, 

Polymer/Resin/Latex Emulsions, Coatings, Paints, Specialty Industrial Products, 

Materials in the Building Industry (concrete additives/masonry and joint cements), 

Adhesives, Glues, Metalworking/Cutting Fluids, Materials in the Paper Industry (wet end 

additives, industrial processing chemicals), Textiles, Materials in the Photographic 

Industry, Thickeners (starch, cellulose, guar, etc.), Air Filter Oils, Starches, Clay Slurries, 

Slurries, Printing Inks, Graphite, and Hard Surface Treatment Products (polishes, waxes, 

ceramic glazes). 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-22 

Preventol CMK-NA Preservative 

Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate 71.0% 

For Use in the Manufacture of Adhesives and Glues, Polymer Dispersions and 

Emulsions, Leather, Lubricoolants and Mineral Oil Based Products, Materials in the 

Printing Industry, Materials in the Building Industry (E.G., Concrete Additives, Joint 

Cements), Paint and Coatings, Materials in the Oil Industry, Pigment Slurries (Kaolin, 

Calcium Carbonate, and others), Polishes, Waxes, Protein Solutions, Ceramic Glazes, 

Fire Extinguishing Materials, Cleaning Solutions and Detergents. 

Technical Information Sheet 

See under EPA Reg. No. 39967-12 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-25 

Preventol CMK 40 

Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate 46.13% 

Industrial Microbiocide: Preservative For Use In The Manufacture Of Adhesives And 

Glues, Polymer Dispersions And Emulsions, Material In The Leather Industry (For The 

Protection Of Chrome Or Vegetable Tanned Leather), Lubricoolant And Mineral Oil-

 Page 8 of 24
Based Products, Materials In The Printing Industry, Building Materials Such As Joint 

Cements And Concrete Additives, Materials In The Oil Industry, Pigment Slurries, 

Materials In The Textile Industry, Paper, Polishes, Waxes, Protein Solutions, Ceramic 

Glazes, Fire Extinguishing Materials, Cleaning Solutions And Detergents, Industrial 

Lubricants. 

Technical Information Sheet 

ADHESIVES AND GLUES 

Bone glues 

Skin glues 

Casein containing glues 

Other animal glues 

Starch based glues (liquid) 

Methyl Cellulose adhesives 

Other plant based adhesives 

Polyvinyl alcohol adhesives 

Acrylic adhesives 

Styrerie butadiene adhesives 

Other adhesive emulsions 

Gumarabic and similar adhesives 

POLYMER DISPERSIONS AND EMULSIONS 

Acrylic 

Polyvinylacetate (PVAc) 

Styrene Sutadiene (SBR Latex) 

Other polymer emulsions 

LEATHER 

Pickle solutions and pickled hides 

Chrome leather (on pelt weight) 

Leather pasting adhesives 

Leather pigment finishes 

METAL WORKING FLUIDS 

Straight oils (Mineral-oil based) 

Soluble oils (oil emulsions, aqueous) 

Semi-synthetic (emulsions, aqueous) 

Synthetic (solutions) 

MATERIALS IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY 

Inks 

Fount solutions 

Printing pastes 

Other printing materials and auxiliaries 

 Page 9 of 24
MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY 

Joint cements materials 

Bitumen emulsions 

Concrete additives 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE COATINGS INDUSTRY 

Dyestuff paste, knifing fillers and plastic putty 

Casein based coatings 

Synthetic resin dispersions 

Other auxiliaries and coating materials 

MATERIALS IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY 

Filler suspensions and coating compounds 

Rosin paper sizes 

Starch slurries 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY 

Printing thickeners (liquid) 

Sizes and finishing agents 

Yarn humidifiers 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE OIL INDUSTRY 

Biopolymers, liquid (drilling muds) 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

PIGMENT SLURRIES 

Kaolin slurry 

Calcium carbonate slurry 

Talcum slurry 

Iron oxide slurry 

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS 

Polishing and wax materials 

Protein solutions 

Ceramic glazes 

Fire extinguishing materials 

Cleaning solutions, detergents 

Industrial Lubricants 

Industrial Lubricants with incidental food contact 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-26 

Preventol WB Plus 

Industrial Microbiocide 

 Page 10 of 24
Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate 31.9% 

Sodium 0-phenylphenol 13.1% 

Sodium pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide 1.2% 

Preservative For The Leather Industry, For The Protection Of Chrome Or Vegetable 

Tanned Leather, Glues, Adhesives, Pigment Slurries, Building Materials Such As Joint 

Cements And Concrete Additives, Metal Working Fluids, Materials In The Textile, 

Paper, Polishes Waxes, Protein Solutions, Ceramic Glazes, Fire Extinguishing Materials, 

Cleaning Solutions And Detergents. 

Preventol WB Technical Information sheet 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-27 

Industrial Microbiocide 

Preventol CMK-NA Preservative Solution 

Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate 34.5% 

Industrial Microbiocide; For Use As A Preservative In The Manufacture Of Adhesives 

And Glues, Polymer Dispersions And Emulsions, Leather Industry (For The Protection 

Of Chrome Or Vegetable Tanned Leather), Lubricoolant And Mineral Oil-Based 

Products, Materials In The Printing Industry, Building Materials Such As Joint Cements 

And Concrete Additives, Materials In The Oil Industry, Pigment Slurries, Materials In 

The Textile Industry, Paper, Polishes, Waxes, Protein Solutions, Ceramic Glazes, Fire 

Extinguishing Materials, Cleaning Solutions, And Detergents. 

Technical Information Sheet 

For Use As A Preservative In The Manufacture Of Adhesives And Glues, Polymer 

Dispersions And Emulsions, Leather Industry (For The Protection Of Chrome Or 

Vegetable Tanned Leather), Lubricoolant And Mineral Oil-Based Products, Materials En 

The Printing Industry, Building Materials Such As Joint Cements And Concrete 

Additives, Materials In The Oil Industry, Pigment Slurries, Materials In The Textile 

Industry, Paper, Polishes. Waxes, Protein Solutions, Ceramic Glazes, Fire Extinguishing 

Materials, Cleaning Solutions, And Detergents. 

ADHESIVES AND GLUES 

Bone glues 

Skin glues 

Casein containing glues 

Other animal glues 

Starch based glues (liquid) 

Starch based glues (solid) 

Methyl Cellulose adhesives 

Other plant based adhesives 

Polyvinyl alcohol adhesives 

Acrylic adhesives 

Styrene butadiene adhesives 

 Page 11 of 24
Other adhesive emulsions 

Gumarabic and similar adhesives 

POLYMER DISPERSIONS AN]) EMULSIONS 

Acrylic 

Polyvinylacetate (PVAc) 

Styrene Butadiene (SBR Latex) 

Other polymer emulsions 

LEATHER 

Pickle solutions and pickled hides 

Chrome leather (on pelt weight) 

Leather pasting adhesives 

Leather pigment finishes 

METAL WORKING FLUIDS 

Straight oils (Mineral-oil based) 

Soluble oils (oil emulsions, aqueous) 

Semi-synthetic (emulsions, aqueous) 

Synthetic (solutions) 

MATERIALS IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY 

Inks 

Fount solutions 

Printing pastes 

Other printing materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY 

Joint cements materials 

Bitumen emulsions 

Concrete additives 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE COATINGS INDUSTRY 

Dyestuff paste, knifing fillers and plastic putty 

Casein based coatings 

Synthetic resin dispersions 

Other auxiliaries and coating materials 

MATERIALS IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY 

Filler suspensions and coating compounds 

Rosin paper sizes 

Starch slurries 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY 

 Page 12 of 24
Printing thickeners (liquid) 

Sizes and finishing agents 

Yarn humidifiers 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

MATERIALS IN THE OIL INDUSTRY 

Biopolymers, liquid (drilling muds) 

Other materials and auxiliaries 

PIGMENT SLURRIES 

Kaolin slurry 

Calcium carbonate slurry 

Talcum slurry 

Iron oxide slurry 

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS 

Polishing and wax materials 

Protein solutions 

Ceramic glazes 

Fire extinguishing materials 

Cleaning solutions, detergents 

EPA Reg. No. 39967-46 

Preventol CT-L 

Sodium p-chloro-m-cresol -3 7.3% 

2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one - 2.0% 

Industrial Microbiocide: Preservative For The Leather Industry, For The Protection Of 

Chrome Or Vegetable Tanned Leather. 

For the Preservation of Pickled Pelts and Preservation during Chrome Tannage. 

Science Findings 

The Agency has conducted a review of the available product chemistry, 

environmental fate, and ecotoxicity data for p-chloro-m-cresol and sodium p-chloro-mcresolate. The findings are summarized below. 

Product Chemistry Summary of p-Chloro-m-Cresol (99.9% TGAI) 

Common Name: p-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC); Parachlorometacresol; 

4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 

Chemical Name: 4-Chloro-3-cresol 

Trade and Other Names: Preventol, Preventol CMK, Raschitk, Aptal 

OPP Chemical Code: 064206 

CAS Registry Number: 59-50-7

 Page 13 of 24
Case: 3046 

Chemical Family: Phenol

Molecular Formula: C7H7OCl

Molecular weight: 142.58

Molecular Structure: 

Color: White/colorless 

Physical State: Crystalline solid 

Odor: Phenolic

Stability: Stable at normal and elevated temperature over a period of 

14-day period. Corrosive to metals and forms complex 

compounds with transition metal ions. Slow discoloration 

of the chemical occurs in the presence of sunlight. 

Oxidation/Reduction: N/A

Flammability-Flash Point: 224.4oF (118oC)

Explodability: N/A

Storage Stability: Stable for 12 months.

Miscibility: N/A 

Corrosion Characteristics: Not corrosive to its packaging (plastic woven bag).

Dielectric breakdown voltage: N/A

pH: 5.6 (saturated aqueous solution) at 25 oC 

UV/Visible absorption: Not provided.

Viscosity: N/A. Product is not liquid.

Melting point: 63-65 oC (measured) 

Boiling Point: Approximately 235-239 oC 

 Page 14 of 24
Density: 49.93 lbs/ft3 (800 kg/m3

) 

Dissociation Constant: 9.4 ± 0.1 at 25 oC 

Log Ko/w or log P: 3.02 (measured) 

Solubility: Water: 4 g/L at 25oC 

Ethanol: 500 g/L 

Toluene 300 g/L 

10% aqueous NaOH solution 320 g/L 

Soluble in alkalies, organic solvents, fats, and oils. 

More soluble in hot than in cold water; freely soluble in 

alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, fixed oils, terpenes, 

acetone, aqueous alkaline solution, and petroleum ether. 

Vapor Pressure: < 0.2 mm Hg at 25o C (estimated from the boiling point 

using PC-nomo-5). 

5 mm Hg at 100 oC 

Henry's Law Constant: 2.45E-06 atm-m3/mole 25oC (Source: EPI Suite). 

Enf. Analytical Method: Gas Chromatography

Product Chemistry Summary of Sodium p-Chloro-m-Cresolate (71% Technical) 

Common Name: p-Chloro-m-cresol, sodium salt; Sodium p-chloro-mcresolate; Parachlorometacresolate, sodium salt; Sodium 

Parachlorometacresolate; 

Chemical Name: Sodium 4-chloro-3-cresolate; Sodium 4-chloro-3-

methylphenolate; Sodium p-chloro-m-methylphenate; 

Sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate 

Trade and Other Names: Preventol, Preventol CMK, Raschitk, Aptal 

OPP Chemical Code: 064205 

CAS Registry Number: 15733-22-9

Case: 5011 

Chemical Family: Phenol

Molecular Formula: C7H6OCl·Na

Molecular weight: 164.56 g/mol

Molecular Structure: 

 

Color: White to pale yellow 

 Page 15 of 24
Physical State: Solid 

Odor: Nearly odorless or slightly phenolic

Stability: This is a stable material. 

Oxidation/Reduction: N/A. Product contains no oxidizer or reducing action.

Flammability-Flash Point: >185 oC (365 °F)

Explodability: N/A 

Storage Stability: Stable for >24 months.

Miscibility: N/A 

Corrosion Characteristics: Not corrosive to its packaging.

Dielectric breakdown voltage: N/A

pH: Approx. 10.5-11.5 at 1 g/L water 

UV/Visible absorption: Not reported.

Viscosity: N/A Product is not liquid

Melting point/ 

Freezing Point: 94oC (201.2°F) 

Boiling Point: Not applicable. Product is solid. 

Density: 1.36 g/cm3 at 20 oC 

Bulk Density: Approx. 700 kg/m

3

Specific Gravity: Approx. 1.36 

Dissociation Constant: 9.4 ± 0.1 at 20 oC 

Log Ko/w or log P: 2.86 at a concentration of 1 g/L 

Solubility: Water: 580 g/L at 20 oC 

Water: 700 g/L at 50 oC 

Ethanol: approx. 2000 g/L 

Toluene <0.5 g/L 

 Page 16 of 24
Acetonitrile: 2400 g/L 

Ethyl acetate: approx. 10 g/L (0.9%) 

Vapor Pressure: 1.6 x 10-4 hPa (at 21 oC) (0.00012 mm Hg or 1.2 x 10-4 mm 

Hg) 

Henry's Law Constant: 8.17E-007 atm-m3/mole at 25 oC (Source: EPI Suite) 

Enf. Analytical Method: Gas Chromatography

All product chemistry data requirements have been satisfied for the active 

ingredients p-chloro-m-cresol and sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate. 

Environmental Fate Summary 

The Agency has not received any guideline environmental fate studies on pchloro-m-cresol or sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate, and fate studies are required to conduct 

an environmental fate assessment for material preservatives (including p-chloro-m-cresol 

and sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate) that may potentially pass through waste water 

treatment plants (WWTPs) and may be discharged into terrestrial and aquatic 

environments. For this assessment the Agency anticipates needing those data outlined on 

page 19 of this document. 

Water Quality 

Neither p-Chloro-m-cresol nor sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate are identified as a cause 

of impairment for any water bodies listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean 

Water Act, based on information provided at 

http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation_cy.cause_detail_303d?p_cause_group_id

=885 . In addition, no Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) have been developed for pchloro-m-cresol and sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate, based on information provided at 

http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation.tmdl_pollutant_detail?p_pollutant_group

_id=885&p_pollutant_group_name=PESTICIDES . More information on impaired water 

bodies and TMDLs can be found at http://www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/. The Agency invites 

submission of water quality data for this pesticide. To the extent possible, data should 

conform to the quality standards in Appendix A of the OPP Standard Operating Procedure: 

Inclusion of Impaired Water Body and Other Water Quality Data in OPP’s Registration 

Review Risk Assessment and Management Process (see: 

http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/ppdc/2006/november06/session1-sop.pdf ), in order to 

ensure they can be used quantitatively or qualitatively in pesticide risk assessments. 

Ecological Effects Summary 

The registrant has submitted ecological effects studies for both terrestrial and 

aquatic animals. These data are adequate to provide the Agency with sufficient 

information to determine appropriate label precautions, and may be seen in Table 2 

below. 

 Page 17 of 24
a. Toxicity to Terrestrial Animals 

Birds, Acute and Subacute

p-Chloro-m-cresol is slightly toxic to avian species on an acute oral and 

subacute dietary basis. 

b. Toxicity to Aquatic Animals 

Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates 

p-Chloro-m-cresol is highly toxic to cold water fish and moderately toxic 

to aquatic invertebrates. 

c. Toxicity to Aquatic Plants 

(1) Freshwater Algae 

No algal toxicity data have been submitted. For the ecological risk 

assessment, including an endangered species assessment for all uses, the 

Agency anticipates needing the algal toxicity data outlined on page 19 of 

this document. 

Table 2. Ecotoxicity Data Summary for p-Chloro-m-cresol

GUIDE 

LINE 

COMMON 

NAME 

TAXONOMIC 

NAME 

TEST

TYPE

% 

AI 

STUDY

TIME

DOSE

TYPE

TOXI

CITY

TOX 

LEVEL NOEL STUDY STATUS 

TOX 

CATEGORY MRID 

Avian Acute Oral Toxicity 

850.2100 Bobwhite 

quail 

Colinus 

virginianus 

O 99.9 14 D LD50 1540 MGK 250 Acceptable Slightly 

toxic 

42692401

Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity

850.2200 Bobwhite 

quail 

Colinus 

virginianus 

D 99.9 8 D LC50 >3180 PPM 3180 Acceptable Slightly 

toxic 

42692402

Freshwater Fish Acute Toxicity

850.1075 Rainbow 

trout 

Oncorhynchus 

mykiss 

SR 99.9 96 hr LC50 917 PPB 366 Acceptable Highly 

toxic 

42692403

Freshwater Invertebrate Acute Toxicity

850.1010 Water 

flea 

Daphnia 

magna 

S 99.9 48 hr EC50 2300 PPB 1730 Acceptable Moderately 

Toxic 

42692404

Adverse Ecological Incidents 

There are no reported incidents in the Agency' s Ecological Incident Information 

System (EIIS) regarding p-chloro-m-cresol and sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate. The 

absence of documented incidents does not necessarily mean that such incidents did not 

occur.

 Page 18 of 24
Ecological Effects Risk Assessment 

An ecological risk assessment was not conducted on the p-chloro-m-cresol and 

sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate use patterns described in this document. p-Chloro-m-cresol

and sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate uses that have potential for environmental exposure are 

material preservatives discharges. The Agency needs to conduct environmental fate and 

ecological risk assessments for material preservatives that potentially pass through waste 

water treatment plants (WWTPs) and may be discharged into terrestrial and aquatic 

environments. For this ecological risk assessment, including an endangered species 

assessment for all uses, the Agency anticipates needing the algal toxicity data outlined on 

page 19 of this document. 

The Agency has not conducted a risk assessment that supports a complete 

endangered species determination. The ecological risk assessment planned during 

registration review will allow the Agency to determine whether p-chloro-m-cresol’s and 

sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate’s use has “no effect or “may affect” federally listed 

threatened or endangered species (listed species) or their designed critical habitats. When 

an assessment concludes that a pesticide’s use “may affect” a listed species or its 

designated critical habitat, the Agency will consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service and/or National Marine Fisheries Services (the Services), as appropriate. 

Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicity Data Gaps and Anticipated Work 

Environmental fate and ecological risk assessments have not been conducted for pchloro-m-cresol and sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate. The Agency needs to conduct 

environmental fate and ecological risk assessments for material preservatives that potentially 

pass through waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and may be discharged into terrestrial 

and aquatic environments. Therefore, the Agency anticipates needing the proposed 

environmental fate and ecotoxicity data for p-chloro-m-cresol and sodium p-chloro-mcresolate and/or any of its major degradation products that are of potential concern for all 

registered uses of p-chloro-m-cresol and sodium p-chloro-m-cresolate. The following 

environmental fate and ecotoxicity data are needed to conduct an environmental fate and 

ecological risk assessment: 

• The Agency anticipates needing the following data to conduct a complete 

environmental fate assessment for material preservative uses: 

o (GLN 835.2120) Hydrolysis; 

o (GLN 835.2240) Photodegradation in water; 

o (GLN 850.6800) Modified Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition; 

o (GLN 835.1110) Activated Sludge Sorption Isotherm; and 

o (GLN 835.3110) Ready Biodegradability. 

• The Agency anticipates needing the following algal toxicity data in order to conduct 

a complete ecological risk assessment, including an endangered species assessment: 

o (GLN 850.5400) algal toxicity (Tier II) using freshwater green alga, Selenastrum 

capricornutum. 

 Page 19 of 24
Appendix A. Environmental Fate Guideline Study Justifications

Guideline Number: 835.2120 

Study Title: Hydrolysis

Practical Utility of the Data 

1) What is the value of the study? 

Data characterizing the rate of hydrolytic degradation of p-chloro-m-cresol and/or the formation and 

decline of degradates is important in determining the persistence and concentrations of p-chloro-m-cresol 

and potential degradates over time in various aquatic environments. For outdoor uses, p-chloro-m-cresol 

can reach surface water through direct contact or discharge to WWTPs. P-chloro-m-cresol may also reach 

surface water or groundwater through run-off or leaching processes. The Agency will evaluate the 

potential risks of concern. 

2) How would the data be used? 

The data would establish the significance of chemical hydrolysis as a route for degradation and identify, if 

possible, the hydrolytic transformation products formed that may adversely affect non-target organisms and 

may contaminate water and food source of aquatic organisms. The data would also help establish the 

hydrolytic half-life of p-chloro-m-cresol and possibly degradates, and assist in developing a degradation 

pathway. 

3) How could the data affect the risk assessment? 

The results of hydrolysis data would indicate if p-chloro-m-cresol is persistent or if it degrades into other 

products that may adversely affect nontarget organisms and may contaminate their food and water and 

possibly soil. 

4) What is triggering the need for this data? 

Hydrolysis data is needed to conduct the fate assessment to support material preservatives uses for pchloro-m-cresol. 

Guideline Number: 835.2240 

Study Title: Photodegradation in water

Practical Utility of the Data 

1) What is the value of the study? 

Biocides introduced into aqueous systems in the environment can undergo photolytic transformation by 

sunlight. Results from the photolysis study will indicate the stability and persistence of p-chloro-m-cresol

and potential degradates in an aquatic environment when exposed to sunlight. The Agency will evaluate 

the potential risks of concern. 

2) How would the data be used? 

The data would establish the significance of chemical photolysis as a route for degradation and identify, if 

possible, the photolytic degradation products formed that may adversely affect non-target organisms and 

may contaminate water and food source of aquatic organisms. The data would also help establish the 

photolytic half-life of p-chloro-m-cresol and possibly degradates, and assist in developing a degradation 

pathway. 

3) How could the data affect the risk assessment? 

The results of photolysis data would indicate if p-chloro-m-cresol is persistent or if it degrades into 

degradation products that may adversely affect nontarget organisms and may contaminate their food. The 

results of the photolysis data would expand the understanding of the results of the hydrolysis data since 

environmental aquatic conditions usually involve exposure to sunlight. 

 Page 20 of 24
Guideline Number: 835.2240 

Study Title: Photodegradation in water

4) What is triggering the need for this data? 

Aqueous photodegradation data is needed to conduct the fate assessment to support material preservative 

uses for p-chloro-m-cresol. 

Guideline Number: 835.1110 

Study Title: Activated Sludge Sorption Isotherm

Rationale for Requiring the Data 

Data from this study are needed to determine the sorption potential of activated sludge for the removal 

of specific chemical compounds in biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). If the chemical is 

not sorbed or biodegraded, then it would pass through a biological treatment system unaffected, 

potentially contaminating surface and drinking waters where it may then have the potential to adversely 

affect nontarget organisms. EPA needs activated sludge sorption study data to assess the distribution of 

the antimicrobial chemical among the solid, aqueous, and vapor phases of WWTPs. Specifically, this 

study identifies those chemicals which sorb to sludge biomass.

Practical Utility of the Data 

1. How will the data be used?

The data will be used to assess exposure and risk to non-target endangered and non-endangered species. 

Exposure data are integral parts of the risk equation for determining the impact of pesticides to beneficial 

nontarget organisms through direct exposure from their food sources and habitat. 

In addition, the data will be used to determine whether or not additional studies and/or label restrictions are 

needed. If the data indicate that the chemical does not sorb to sludge and instead partitions more readily to 

water, then the chemical has the potential to pass through the WWTP and therefore could be discharged in 

to the aquatic environment. This determination could trigger further data requirements to assess the 

chemical’s impact upon release. 

 

2. How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? 

If the data show that the chemical negatively impacts the aquatic environment or the effectiveness of the 

WWTP, then the risk assessments for this chemical may need to be revised to reflect the magnitude of 

potential risk derived from the new data. The risk assessment may result in the Agency requiring label 

restrictions that would be necessary for the products to meet the “no unreasonable adverse effects” 

requirements of FIFRA (e.g., changes to the directions for disposal). 

In addition, EPA is required by section 7(a)(2) of the ESA to ensure that any action it authorizes or takes 

“...is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered or threatened species or result in 

the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat” and to use the best scientific data available” in 

carrying out this obligation. The data EPA intends to call in are necessary to inform the determination 

required by the ESA as to whether continued registration of a pesticide is not likely to jeopardize the 

species or its critical habitat. Absent this data EPA may not be able to conclude that this pesticide will not 

harm endangered species and may therefore need to consider other limitations on the use of the pesticide in 

order to fulfill the Agency’s statutory obligations under the ESA. The lack of these data will limit the 

flexibility that the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the ESA and could result in 

use restrictions which are unnecessarily severe. 

 Page 21 of 24
Guideline Number: 835.1110

Study Title: Modified Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition

Rationale for Requiring the Data

The modified activated sludge, respiration inhibition test is needed to identify whether this pesticide 

could harm microorganisms found in biological wastewater treatment systems. The Agency will utilize 

these data to conduct the environmental fate assessment and to determining the potential impact of this 

chemical on waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) via effects on WWTP microbes. This test is also 

necessary to enable EPA to establish correct concentrations for use in the ready biodegradability test.

Practical Utility of the Data

1. How will the data be used? 

The data will be used to assess exposure and risk to non-target endangered and non-endangered species. 

Exposure data are integral parts of the risk equation for determining the impact of pesticides to beneficial 

non-target organisms through direct exposure from their food sources and habitat. 

In addition, the data will be used to determine whether or not additional studies and/or label restrictions 

are needed. The study will identify the inhibitory effect of this chemical on the treatment plant’s 

microorganisms’ respiration at a particular concentration and will identify the EC50, the effective 

concentration at which the respiratory rate is reduced by 50%. EPA will use the data to determine the 

chemical’s potential to directly harm the non-target organisms and/or the microbial treatment processes 

present in a WWTP. The data will also determine suitable non-inhibitory concentrations to be used in 

biodegradability tests. 

2. How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

If the data show a high degree of respiratory inhibition, higher-tiered environmental fate studies may be 

required and the risk assessments for this chemical may need to be revised to address the impact of the 

potential risk. The risk assessment may result in the Agency requiring label restrictions that would be 

necessary for the products to meet the “no unreasonable adverse effects” requirements of FIFRA (e.g., 

changes to the directions for disposal). 

In addition, EPA is required by section 7(a)(2) of the ESA to ensure that any action it authorizes or takes 

“...is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered or threatened species or result in 

the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat” and to use the best scientific data available” in 

carrying out this obligation. The data EPA intends to call in are necessary to inform the determination 

required by the ESA as to whether continued registration of a pesticide is not likely to jeopardize the 

species or its critical habitat. Absent this data EPA may not be able to conclude that this pesticide will not 

harm endangered species and may therefore need to consider other limitations on the use of the pesticide in 

order to fulfill the Agency’s statutory obligations under the ESA. The lack of these data will limit the 

flexibility that the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the ESA and could result in 

use restrictions which are unnecessarily severe.

 Page 22 of 24
Guideline Number: 835.3110 

Study Title: Ready Biodegradability

Rationale for Requiring the Data

For antimicrobial chemicals that go down-the-drain and reach a WWTP, as part of its screening-level 

environmental fate assessment, EPA will analyze the potential impact of the antimicrobial chemical on the 

microorganisms in the biological treatment processes of a WWTP. Biodegradation is an important 

environmental pathway in which the antimicrobial is broken down by bacteria. This study supplies 

information on the rate of breakdown and the completeness of the degradation to carbon dioxide and water. 

A ready biodegradability study would allow the Agency to determine whether the chemical achieves ‘‘pass 

levels’’ for ready biodegradability (e.g., 70% removal of dissolved organic carbon). 

Practical Utility of the Data

1. How will the data be used? 

The data will be used to assess exposure and risk to non-target endangered and non-endangered species. 

Exposure data are integral parts of the risk equation for determining the impact of pesticides to beneficial 

non-target organisms through direct exposure from their food sources and habitat. 

In addition, the data will be used to determine whether or not additional studies and/or label restrictions 

are needed. If the chemical does not achieve a ‘‘pass level’’ for ready biodegradability, then the Agency 

would determine that the chemical has the potential to pass through the WWTP and therefore may be 

discharged in to the aquatic environment potentially resulting in exposure to non-target species. This 

determination would trigger further data requirements to assess the chemical’s impact on the aquatic 

environment upon release. 

2. How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making? 

If the chemical is found to be readily biodegraded, then impact on WWTP would be identified as minimal 

and most likely no further studies or label restrictions would be required. If a low rate of biodegradability 

is identified, then higher-tiered environmental fate studies may be triggered and the risk assessments for 

this chemical may need to be revised to reflect the magnitude of potential risk derived from the chemical’s 

lack of biodegradability. The risk assessment may result in the Agency requiring label restrictions that 

would be necessary for the products to meet the “no unreasonable adverse effects” requirements of FIFRA 

(e.g., changes to the directions for disposal). 

In addition, EPA is required by section 7(a)(2) of the ESA to ensure that any action it authorizes or takes 

“...is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered or threatened species or result in 

the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat” and to use the best scientific data available” in 

carrying out this obligation. The data EPA intends to call in are necessary to inform the determination 

required by the ESA as to whether continued registration of a pesticide is not likely to jeopardize the 

species or its critical habitat. Absent this data EPA may not be able to conclude that this pesticide will not 

harm endangered species and may therefore need to consider other limitations on the use of the pesticide in 

order to fulfill the Agency’s statutory obligations under the ESA. The lack of these data will limit the 

flexibility that the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the ESA and could result in 

use restrictions which are unnecessarily severe. 

 

 Page 23 of 24
 Page 24 of 24

Appendix B: Ecological Guideline Study Justifications 

Guideline Number: 850.5400 

Study Title: Algal toxicity (Tier II) using freshwater green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum

Practical Utility of the Data 

1) What is the value of the study? 

As part of an initial risk assessment, one indicator plant species is tested for phytotoxicity. This study 

would allow the Agency to categorize p-chloro-m-cresol as toxic or non-toxic to plants. If toxic, additional 

higher tier plant tests would be needed. An endangered species assessment for endangered or threatened 

plants is not possible without this study. 

2) How would the data be used? 

This study would be used to evaluate the toxicity of p-chloro-m-cresol to non-target plants in terrestrial and 

aquatic ecosystems. 

3) How could the data affect the risk assessment? 

Adverse effects to non-target plants in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems may result in mitigation to protect 

species at risk. Mitigation might include reduced label dosages, neutralization of effluents prior to 

discharge into water, restrictions on use in sensitive ecosystems or where endangered species are present, or 

other mitigation measures. 

4) What is triggering the need for this data? 

Increased concern from state regulators and the public to evaluate impacts on WWTP operations, 

endangered species, and persistence in the environment, since initial registration, have triggered the need 

for this study. Green algae are critical to ecosystem health and productivity.