the end terminals. It is this action which can cause rope failure
unless you set up careful and systematic inspection procedures,
Boom pendant supports on your machines deserve the same periodic
attention given the other operating ropes. This and other problems
simulated on the testing equipment are shown below.

PX-D-52153 NA

Most boom pendants will fail in the zone next to the
base of the swaged socket.

PX-D-52154 NA

Conventional zine sockets did not perform very well
in impact fatigue tests.

PX-D-S2155 NA

Failure on ropes with flemish eye splices began near
the end of the pressed ferrule.

16


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10


Good Care Comes First

Cold weather starting aids should be used as a last resort because
of their explosive effect (vs. diesel fuel) on the pistons. Avoid
using vapor aids over freezing temperatures. It is easier on the
engine to maintain a fully charged battery, burn the proper fuels
and use the recommended oil. Engines are easier to start and
operators don't heat up either.

3 OK OK Ok

WEED RAKE
(Suggestion SWF-1-65-78)

A suggestion by V. Carrol Donner, of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife, is a rather simple implement resembling a garden rake,
considerably oversized and used with a small dragline, replacing

the regular bucket. It was built and first used to remove dense
growths of pondweed, (Potamogeton spp.), from a canal. This
pondweed restricted waterflow severely and, allegedly, raised water
levels in Truckee-Carson Irrigation District's drains, causing com-
plaints from farmers.

It was used on several sections of the canal in 1964, and it is claimed
that about 85-90 percent of the pondweed is removed. It required
approximately 3 days to clear 1 mile of the canal. The best time

for treatment is when the pondweed is nearing maturity. It is very
effective in removing pondweed, and can be used without removing
water from the canal or without dangerous side affects as with
chemicals.

In the spring of 1965, after a very windy winter, a drain contained
more loose, blown-in, alkali weeds than ever before. It was decided
to try this rake and the dragline to pull the weeds out onto the bank
where they could be burned. The results of this trial were more
dramatic than results of the original trial on the canal.

In 1964, 15 days were spent with the same dragline and operator (with
regular bucket) removing weeds from 4 miles of the drain and an
adjacent canal. In 1965, with the "'rake,'' weeds were removed from
5 miles of the drain and 1/2 mile of the adjacent canal in 4-1/2 days.
It has since been used on sections of other canals where there was a
need for the removal of weeds and other debris. The rake is quite
effective in "ripping up" bars formed by weeds that have silted into
the bottoms of canals. The dragline operators are very enthusiastic
about this implement.

The implement as originally built was made mostly from scrap iron
and material on hand. Strength of material indicated on Figure 1,

20


IRRIGATION SERVICE TO URBAN AREAS
ON THE SALT RIVER PROJECT

By
J. Frank Chambers, Manager, Irrigation Services Department
History

Early in 1951 we felt the first major impact resulting from the
urbanization of farmlands in our Project. At that time it became
very apparent that we must revise our system of water distribution
to include the needs of Residential Subdivision lots in addition to our
Municipal and Farm accounts. Because of the size of the Project
and the large number of users to be served and the additional ser-
vice to be provided, we split the distribution operations into five
separate distribution areas; each serving approximately 50,000 acres,
each with a field office and a Watermaster in charge, plus the neces-
sary zanjerol/ and clerical manpower to provide the necessary serv-
ice to the users. At this same time, we also set up our Subdivision
Operations headquarters.

It was imperative that an efficient method of scheduling irrigation water
for subdivision lots be devised. Where previously we had served an
80-acre farm account, we now found as many as 320 subdivision accounts,
each with its individual water right and irrigation facilities. After a

long and thorough study, we found that a method of scheduling these

lots and small acreages by groups, in sequence, was the answer. As

a result, our present schedule board system was placed in operation.

Currently, we are serving over 30,000 residential lots, whose
individual acreage ranges from 0.20 acre to 5.00 acres, mostly less
than l acre. In doing so, we maintain 1,200 schedule boards, each
as centrally located in the subdivision as possible.

Municipal Accounts

The Project has municipal contracts with five cities and towns within
its boundaries which allows them to pay the assessments and other
charges on lands not using water, which are usually urbanized lands.
The prorated share of water for these lands is diverted into their
domestic water system.

The majority of the area, however, is composed of residential lots
and the greatest user of project water for domestic purposes is the
city of Phoenix which in 1964 paid the assessments and other charges
on 35,000 acres. Under the terms of the contracts all domestic
water must be delivered within the boundaries of the Salt River Res-
ervoir District.

T/A spanish word used in the Southwest to denote one who controls the
delivery of water.



Field service conditions were simulated in impact
fatigue unit.

PX—-D-52151 NA

Independent wire rope core remained intact after
testing to 315 factor,

PX-D-52152 NA

With a conventional eye splice, failure occurs where
the first tucks are made.

PX-D-52348 NA

On return loop ropes, failure occurred at the base of
the load-supporting sleeve.

17


ORILL HOLES (AS MARKED),
USE DEEP CLEVISES FOR
FASTENING RAKE TO BAIL
CHAINS.

BUILD HITCH SUITABLE FOR
HITCHING DRAG GABLE HERE-

Kf

(_---HOLE NEAR
BALANCE POINT

END SECTION DETAIL

OVER-SIZE ‘RAKE’

FOR REMOVING LOOSE WEEDS, DEBRIS FROM CANALS
AND DRAINS WITH LIGHT DRAGLINE. IT CAN BE USED
ALSO FOR REMOVAL OF PONDWEED FROM CANALS.

MATERIAL NEEDED:

4" CHANNEL IRON, 2 PCS. 10'LONG, 2 PCS. 6 8" LONG - 180 LBS
3" x 3"X 5/16" ANGLE, | PC. 10' LONG 49 LBS.
2"x 2"x 1/4" ANGLE, 14 PCS. 19" LONG 71 LBS.

TOTAL 300 LBS.
WELD ALL JOINTS AND SEAMS AS NEEDED.

Figure 1

23



Keep Battery at Full Charge

By using the proper weight oil with the most modern machinery,
starting is not a problem if the battery is kept at full charge. A
battery loses half of its power at freezing temperatures and if it is
not fully charged to begin with, its efficiency is drastically reduced.

Use Proper Fuel

Fuel is another consideration for easy winter starting. Fuel used
should have a cloud point below expected ambient temperatures. A
No, 2 fuel should be used whenever possible or use cold weather
fuels recommended by your supplier.

Fuel requirements should meet four basic qualifications: cleanli-
ness, chemical purity, proper burning characteristics and low igni-
tion point.

Use Clean Fuel

Cleanliness means freedom from water, dirt and other noncombustible
ingredients. Fuel leaves the refinery clean, but in transportation,
storage and fuel tank containers, it picks up rust, water, and dirt.
Recommended maintenance of fuel filters will help eliminate this
problem.

Use Pure Fuel

The fuel should be chemically pure, that is, it should be within the
recommended limits for ash, carbon sulphur (when sulphur content
exceeds more than 1/2 of 1 percent, more frequent oil change periods
will be required). These materials form sludge and sediment. In
addition to making the fuel hard to ignite, they also form harmful
residues in the combustion chamber.

Use High Specific Gravity

The power characteristics of a fuel are related to the API gravity.
A high specific gravity contains more fuel heat units per gallon and
therefore more power output. High volatility is required to enable
complete vaporization, clean combustion and low residue formation.

Use High Ignition Quality

Fuel ignition quality is expressed as a ''cetane'' number. The higher

the number, the higher the fuel quality. The higher cetane fuels
have better ignition characteristics to facilitate starting and improve
combustion.

19



PX-D-S2156NA

In impact fatigue machine, this rope had a relative
service factor of 280.

Operating conditions vary so much that it is difficult to establish

a boom support retirement procedure. The number of loading and
unloading cycles can change from 1 hour to the next. A machine
may be digging harder because an operation is behind schedule; or it
may be working in severe weather conditions. The life of boom sus-
pension ropes will vary with any one of these factors.

But, by regularly inspecting ropes, making a notation of broken wires
and other irregularities, you can get a good idea of how they are
holding up. Take them apart when they've been retired from service
so that you can check the condition of the core.

Steps to Follow

Here are some of the things that should be checked during a scheduled
inspection:

1. Clean away the lubricant in the valleys between the strands
and look for broken wires near the base of the socket.

2. Inspect the rope at the base of the end fitting where it is
bent around a thimble and spliced to the main body of the rope.
The splice itself, including a hand splice, mechanical splice, or
friction grip should also be checked.

3. Remove the lubricant from the valleys between the strands on
the main body of the rope and check for broken wire.

4. Once the inspections have been completed, relubricate those
areas where lubricant was removed before returning the rope to
service.

5. If two wires are broken, the rope should be removed from
service. After a boom pendant has been taken down, cut off a

14


In the event a private delivery ditch is in need of maintenance or
repair, or if a private pipeline or stand box is broken, a notice is
posted on the schedule board informing the users that no water will
be delivered until the maintenance or repair has been completed.
A copy of a typical notice is shown as Exhibit II on page 9.

Customer Service

A centralized Irrigation Customer Service Office is in operation
from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. daily. The office is staffed with the
necessary manpower to handle the load. They receive and handle,
or route, requests and complaints pertaining to all phases of irriga-
tion. In addition, they have complete information concerning the
status of all irrigation accounts, such as assessments or charges;
also, the total water delivered to date, the amount of water which
can be purchased, plus the current credit balance, etc. The type
and volume of work handled by the Customer Service Office is illus-
trated by the monthly report shown as Exhibit III on page 10.

The effects of urbanization are very evident in this area, since the
majority of the calls received by the Customer Service Office pertain
to subdivision accounts. When advice by telephone will not suffice,
field personnel is dispatched to assist the customer.

Educational Programs

Many educational aids are provided for the urban customer. A form
letter and a booklet, "Irrigation For Small Acreages,"' is distributed.
The booklet states briefly how subdivision irrigation operates, and
the form letter, Exhibit IV on page 11, answers some of the questions
that the users may have.

Evening meetings also are arranged with groups in new areas,
whenever possible, so that a project representative can explain
irrigation using plats and charts of the area.

New Methods in Progress

Prior to January 1, 1965, all subdivision water orders were
scheduled manually, as previously described. At the present time,
we have about 50 percent of our subdivision scheduling converted to
computer, which results in greater efficiency and a reduced man-
power requirement. A copy of the schedule as printed by computer
is shown as Exhibit V on page 12.

SUMMARY
The rate of urbanization growth in our Project has been very con-

sistent during the past 10 years. In 1955, our total urbanized area
amounted to about 25,000 acres, compared to approximately 70, 000


P25-0-52142 NA

Photograph No. 1

P25-D-52143 NA

Photograph No.

to


Water Rights

Water is appurtenant to the land on the Project regardless of land use,
which means that all urbanized lands retain the same basic water
rights as farmlands. As each subdivision lot is sold, the prorated
share of the original acreage water right is assigned to it.

The quantity of water is prorated on an acre-foot basis; the quantity
available is dependant on the supply.

Schedule Boards

Whenever it appears to the subdivision office that there are a sufficient
number of active irrigation accounts in an area to warrant establish-
ing a schedule board, then, a field check is made. The section plat
of the area is taken to the field and the actual irrigation facilities of
the subdivided area are checked and noted on the plats, such as, tile
lines, valves, and diversion boxes, shown as Exhibit I on page 8.

The person checking all these details then begins to coordinate all of
the information. The information should contain the name of the sub-
division, the board location, the location of the delivery gate, the
necessary time to allow for filling the ditch and the sequence or print-
ing order of all accounts. After all of the necessary changes in rec-
ords is completed, a new board as shown in Photographs No. 1 and

2 on page 3 is installed.

Ordering

Subdivision accounts are scheduled every 14 days, April through
September, and every 28 days, October through March. The sheets
are removed from the boards on the morning of a given day and re-
turned to the board by 5:00 p.m. the following day with the individual
time assigned. When the sheet is returned to the board for the cur-
rent run, the sheet for the following run is posted beneath, allowing
the user to determine his time for one run and to sign up for the next
run with only one trip to the board.

All subdivision water needs are included in the regular water order
for the farms and city needs daily. The zanjeros are notified by the
Water Transmission Supervisor when they can pick up the water in
the heads of the laterals which they operate.

Subdivisions are grouped as evenly as possible throughout the 14- and
28-day schedules. An average of 85 boards per day are scheduled
during the 14-day schedule, and 42 per day during the 28-day schedule.
For those accounts over 1 acre, occasional special runs are granted
between schedules.


short piece of rope near the fitting and open. Carefully check the
inner wires and count the number broken. This is also a good
time to check the condition of the independent wire rope core.
Even though variation in operating conditions make it difficult, it
may give you some idea of when to retire a boom support rope.

When you remove a boom hoist rope from service, follow the same
procedure in checking the internal condition of the rope. Cut the
rope at a spot that has been in contact with the sheaves, or ata
point near the end fitting which attaches to the boom or frame.

6. Another recommendation on boom hoist ropes. Periodically
move the point at which the rope contacts the sheaves. This can
be done by cutting off a short length from the tiedown end, provid-
ing there is sufficient extra length on the drum end. Rotating the
sheaves 90° at the same time will also change their point of con-
tact with the rope.

A number of ideas are currently being investigated that show promise
for lengthening the service life of boom suspension ropes. Here are
some that are being studied:

1. Field conditions on boom suspension ropes are being simulated
with the aid of a new impact fatigue machine. The relative factors
and illustrations of failures shown in photographs on the following
pages were developed in tests conducted on this equipment.

2. A new independent wire rope core which is more flexible and
has greater compression resistance has been designed and tested.
It gives better support to the outer strands and also has higher
resistance to vibrational fatigue.

3. Coated wires are being studied for use in independent wire
rope cores.

4, Better lubrication methods are being investigated for use in
wire rope production and also during field servicing operations.

All of these developments, it is hoped, will contribute to the produc-
tion of an even higher quality product.

In spite of this work, however, a sound inspection program will
always be the heart of a safe, efficient operation. Don't ever think
that a boom support rope won't wear out because it doesn't operate
over sheaves and drums. It does operate--but in a different way.

Next time you're checking your equipment, take a good close look at

the boom pendants as the machine picks up and releases a load. You
will be able to see how the rope rotates and works at the area near

15



Accounting for Water Delivered

It is vital to the welfare of the Salt River Project that all water
available be carefully conserved and that none be wasted. There-
fore, a system of Water Accounting was installed many years ago,
whereby, daily reports are received from every point of diversion
on the entire Project to its final distribution--the user. From the
daily reports, we compile a Monthly Water Balance Report and a
Water Delivery Record which shows the actual Canal and Lateral
loss in making the deliveries to the users.

The annual assessment charge for water delivered is prorated on an
acreage basis, plus, accounting costs for each shareholder, i.e.,
assessment per year for 0.20 acre--70 cents. Accounting costs may
vary from $5 to $10 per account. Figure 1 below is a typical assess-
ment statement,

SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS’ ASSOCIATION |<... 9:.4,

Valley
[_TWIS 1s YOUR ACCOUNT NO. ASSESSMENT STATEMENT P.O, Box'1900"s

ex] cat [eave] user

Tsec [mse foe

1 [14 folos0 [102026 [1 [en [ae
LT.S&IOEXEI9EK6 Vista Inc, Esr:

CASHIER'S STUB

ICLOSE THIS STUB

PLEASE FILL IN BELOW

REMITTANCE

Youn Doe
2501 W AucusTa Ave.
PHoEnix, AZ 85013

RETAIN THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS

You Doe
2501 W Augusta Ave.
Puoenix, Az. 85013

OFFICE USE ONLY |

O.Fee [I

7/25

bs

10.00

a

5 |Assmnr. le

oO}

Gh

| Lee IE
|

}

| 30) 5 | +70

BC

R DUE DATE canner

Figure 1

Operation and Maintenance of Facilities

The Project's point of obligation is the established delivery point,
which is normally the high point along the perimeter of each 160 acres,
or each quarter section. The Project is responsible for maintain-

ing and operating the facilities to this point.

Beyond the delivery point, the system is termed "private" and is
jointly owned by all who are served by it. Operation and maintenance
beyond this point is their responsibility. Although there is no legal
obligation beyond the established delivery point, considerable time

is spent by Subdivision Section personnel within the subdivision areas
in advising and assisting the users.



on page 23, is greater than that originally used, since field trial
quickly revealed weak spots. It is felt that material indicated is
adequate, but conditions at other stations may indicate a need for
change. It is possible also that spacing of teeth might be reduced
to probably 7 inches for use in pondweed removal, but for general
work, the 9-inch spacing is working very well.

Photographs of this device are shown below and on the following
page.

P247-D-52145 NA

Photograph No. 1

Dragline and ''Weed Rake" at work.

21


‘Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation

“RRIGATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

BULLETIN NO. 55

January, February, March 1966

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Irrigation Service to Urban Areas on the Salt River Project

How to Spot and Correct Trouble in Wire Rope Boom Supports
Save Battery with Cold Weather Starting Aids

TM Weed Rake

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acres at the end of 1964, an average of 4,500 acres per year going
from farm to urbanized lands,

For many years prior to our present system of water distribution to
subdivided lands, the Association offered what was known as "Special
Service for Subdivisions." The Association assumed the full respon-
sibility for the operation and maintenance of all private facilities
within the subdivision, plus the actual delivering and irrigating of
each lot. The cost of the service was prorated over each lot. Finally
this cost increased to over $50 per year per lot. The Association,
finally, discontinued this type of service. Now, the individual does
his own irrigating according to the established schedule on the board
or hires a private irrigator.

We extend an open invitation to all who may be suffering from urban-
ization pains. With many years! experience back of us, we believe
we have most of the answers and can provide a prescription which
will give some relief. This we can do in a couple of days if you have
the time to visit our Subdivision Office.

With our present schedule board type of delivery for small acreage
users, we have been able to handle the organization of farmlands and
feel that we will for years to come. Photograph No. 3 below and on
cover of this issue of the Bulletin is an example of the subdivision
irrigation,

Photograph No, 3



Scheduling

After the schedule sheets are removed from the boards by the
schedulers, they are returned to the subdivision officer where they
are checked for credit balances, maximum orders allowable, notices
of a delay, or a cancellation due to construction, etc.; each order is
then tabulated to arrive at a total order for each subdivision.

When the total hours required for each subdivision is determined,

the orders are then telephoned to the appropriate Water Distribution
Field Office and, then is picked up by the zanjero and included in his
total orders for the day. He determines the on and off time for each
subdivision and calls it back to the schedulers, who then break the
total hours down into the individual assigned time. The sheets are
then returned to boards, which completes another cycle for this group
of subdivisions.

Delivery

The zanjero delivers on schedule to the established Association
delivery point, just as he does with farm deliveries.

Measuring

We use two types of measuring devices: The Clausen-Pierce Weir
Rule and a Calipre, or Meter Probe, depending on the type of facili-
ties. The normal amount of water delivered to subdivisions is 50
miners inches.

Clearing Accounts for Service

This is one of the most difficult and exacting duties of the Water
Accounting Office. The payment of the annual assessments entitles
the user to a certain amount of water and all water above the amount
must be covered by additional payments. All payments of assess-
ments and additional water charges must be made in advance of the
delivery of water and, as a protection to the user who may have his
land leased, great care must be exercised that no delivery be made
until the account has been released for service.

At the same time, it is imperative to avoid unnecessary delay
between the clearing of the account in the office and its clearance

in the Distribution Field Office or the Subdivision Section Office.

As a result, the Water Accounting Office furnishes the Distribution
Offices and the Subdivision Office, at least once a day, with a record
of each account which has been cleared for service that day.



©x-D-52349 NA

Ropes with wedge sockets fail on the live end near
the base of the socket bowl.

SAVE BATTERY WITH COLD WEATHER STARTING AIDS1/

Diesels depend on the heat generated in compression to ignite the
fuel. In cold weather, drag caused by stiff, cold oil, reduces the
cranking speed. Compression heat produced is absorbed into the
cylinder walls and the fuel never reaches the ignition point.

Cold weather starting aids can therefore provide an easy method
of starting diesels.

Two basic aids are used, according to some service engineers:
a fluid or vapor with a low ignition point and an air heater.

Combustible Fluid Most Common

The fluid type is the most common. Usually a capsule of highly
combustible liquid is crushed ina tube. The liquid is then forced
through a vaporizing nozzle into the air intake system. A small
amount of heat will ignite the fluid and help turn the engine.

An off shot of the liquid-type primer is the pressurized can. With
this method, the fluid is vaporized as it leaves the can. The spray
is directed into the air intake and ignited in the cylinder.

The air heater is a small oil burner with an electric ignition. Once
ignited, the oil heats the intake air raising the cylinder tempera-
ture and allowing the diesel fuel to ignite. A variation of this uses
an electrical heating element to accomplish fuel ignition.

T/Reprinted from WESTERN CONSTRUCTION, November 1965, by
permission of the Editor.

18


A timely article ''Save Battery with Cold Weather Starting Aids," is
included in this issue of the Bulletin, page 18; and a weed rake devel-
oped by V. Carrol Donner of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wild-
life, page 20, is described.


EXHIBIT IV
MAILED TO NEW CUSTOMERS

SALT RIVER PROJECT
P.0. 80x 1980
PHOENIX 1, ARIZONA

TO ALL PROPERTY OWNERS IN THIS AREA:

In an effort to assist you in the ordering and the application of your
irrigation water, and perhaps answer some questions you have, we submit the
following items of information:

The Salt River Project delivers water to the high point of each 1/4
section (160 acres) of land. From this point, all irrigation facilities are
owned by all who receive water from them. Any maintenance is the responsi-
bility of this group. The delivery point for your area is 46th. st. & Garfield

, and the number of the Project gate that serves you is _] - 6 - 27
. Please refer to this number when contacting us regarding your
delivery. This will assist us in locating your account without delay.

The schedule sheet you sign for water is located at 3 ‘Kinle:

Please note the two printed dates at the top of this sheet. We
will remove it from the board by 7 AM on the first date, and return it with
individual time assigned by 7 PM on the following day. When the sheet for
one schedule period is returned to the board, the sheet for the next schedule
period is posted beneath it. You can check your time for one irrigation
and sign for the next with only one trip to the board.

It is your responsibility to divert the water to your lot from the
person preceeding you at the start of your irrigation time. This includes
making any necessary changes in irrigation facilities required to direct
the water to your property.

Adherence to the schedule is necessary, for only one person is
scheduled to receive water at a given time. Taking water off schedule
will deprive a neighbor or contribute to flooding.

We wish to bring to your attention that you are responsible for the
water during your assigned time. If you neglect to contain the water within
your property you could be held liable for damage. Do not order water un-
less you will be home to direct its application or make arrangements with
someone else to do so.

If, during your irrigation period, you are not receiving the proper
flow of irrigation water, check the system from your lot to the afore-
mentioned Project delivery point. If it appears insufficient water is
coming through the gate and into your system, call 273-5275. A represent-
ative will be dispatched to determine the difficulty and will make necessary
arrangements to rectify the situation.

If properly handled, irrigation water is a great blessing in our arid
valley. If improperly handled, damaged property and streets can result.
Your cooperation in putting our limited water supply to beneficial use will
be appreciated by the community.

Thank you,
Salt River Project

Residential Irrigation Division
KMcC:mr

11



HOW TO SPOT AND CORRECT TROUBLE
IN WIRE ROPE BOOM SUPPORTS

By R. O. Kasten1/

Wire rope used for boom supports on shovels, cranes, clamshells,
draglines, and backhoes are usually neglected during periodic main-
tenance checks at times. Even though boom support ropes are not
thought of as operating ropes--bending over and around sheaves and
drums--it is vital that they be given regular inspections. Under-
standing the factors that cause wear, and knowing what to look for is
the key to the problem.

Vibration is one of the prime causes of failure in boom suspension
ropes. When working efficiently, a machine is constantly picking
material up, and dropping or unloading it. This cycle of loading and
unloading produces vibrations of some amplitude and frequency in the
boom support ropes. These vibrations progress through the ropes to
the fitting, and then to the machine frame. The vibrations are
dampened at the fitting, and it is here that most failures in boom
pendant supports occur.

Another condition--also difficult to control--is overloading. A

safety factor of five is generally recommended for boom support

ropes. Often though, an equipment manufacturer may design them to

a lower safety factor. Thus, if the equipment is loaded beyond the
recommended limits, the boom suspension ropes may be severely over-
loaded. This does not mean they will fail immediately, but it can
definitely limit the service life of the ropes.

One type of failure that can often occur in boom pendants is the
break up of the independent wire rope core (IWRC). The needlelike
pieces visible in the center of the photograph shown on the following
page are what remains of a conventional core after a rope has been
subjected to extreme vibration and overloading.

As the IWRC breaks up, it no longer supports the outer strands of the
rope. Without proper core support, the outer strands bear against
each other, elongate excessively, and wear prematurely.

The answer to these problems, of course, is careful, systematic in-
spection. Do not neglect them when going over the other ropes on
your equipment.

I/Mr. Kasten is manager, Wire and Wire Rope Products, Product
Engineering and Development, Sheffield Division, Armco Steel Corp.
The article is reprinted from Engineering and Mining, April 1964, by
permission of the Editor.

13



IRRIGATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Bulletin No. 55

JANUARY, FEBRUARY, and MARCH 1966

INTRODUCTION

The conversion of irrigation lands to subdivisions surrounding our
cities has created problems for many of the organizations operating
our project irrigation systems. A good example of the problems that
must be considered are found on the Salt River Project which sur-
rounds what has become the metropolis of Phoenix, Arizona. An
article by J. Frank Chambers, Manager of the Irrigation Services
Department of the Salt River Valley Water Users' Association, begin-
ning on page 1 of this issue of the bulletin, explains the methods used
and procedures followed on the Salt River Project in delivering water
to the subdivisions and individual homeowners. For the excellently
prepared discussion of the problem, we wish to thank Mr. Chambers,
as wellas Mr. Henry Shipley, Assistant General Manager, and Mr. R. J.
McMullin, General Manager of the project water users association, In
transmitting the article, Mr. Shipley states:

"This report, due to its complexity, may discourage irrigation dis-
tricts; however, once getting into it, it isn't that difficult. The only
recommendation I have to make is that if possible, the cost of this
type of service should be set up at a higher rate than the conventional
farm assessment cost. Again, this factor would be controlled by the
existing by-laws of the organization.

One factor which was not mentioned in this report is the establishment
of improvement districts to provide irrigation facilities. This has been
done in our area in some instances by subdivisions when the sub-divider
did not provide irrigation facilities. The people organized an improve-
ment district, which made it possible to obtain a bond issue for the
construction of the necessary irrigation facilities.

The monthly cost of sprinkling a lawn during the summer months for
the average lot would run from $15 to $30. The monthly cost from
using irrigation water would be approximately $2."

In addition to the above article, there will be found beginning on page 13,
a very interesting discussion on ''How to Spot and Correct Trouble in
Wire Rope Boom Supports,'' by R. O. Kasten, Manager, Wire Rope Prod-
ucts, Product Engineering and Development, Sheffield Division, Armco
Steel Corporation. Tests being made of wire rope on a specially devel-
oped machine also are described.



P247-D-52147 NA

Photograph No, 3

22


The Irrigation Operation and Maintenance bulletin is published quart-
erly, for the benefit of irrigation project people. Its principal pur-
pose is to serve as a medium of exchanging operation and maintenance
information. It is hoped that the reports herein concerning labor-
saving devices and less costly equipment and procedures, developed
by resourceful project people, will result in improved efficiency and
reduced costs on the systems of those operators adapting these ideas
to their needs.

To assure proper recognition of those individuals whose suggestions
are published in the bulletins, the suggestion number as well as the
person's name is given. All Bureau offices are reminded to notify

their Suggestions Award Committee when a suggestion is adopted.

OK OK OK Ok

Division of Irrigation Operations
Office of Chief Engineer
Denver, Colorado

A perfect irrigation--not a drop in the
street.



EXHIBIT IL

NOTICE OF CUTOFF

SUBDIVISION SECTION

SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS* ASSOCIATION

TO ALL USERS IN RANCHO VenTuRA 3 23

This office has received flooding complaints regarding the
condition of the private or community irrigation facilities that
serves or affect the following described area: Tiere ARE TWO SREAKS
IN THE IRRIGATION TILE LINE SERVING YOUR AREA, THESE FREAKS ARE LOCATED AT
THE REAR OF 4628 AND 4634 E WILSHIRE AND ARE STAKED FOR YOUR cENEFIT. THESE
MUST LE REPAIRED TO PREVENT FURTHER FLOODING AND LOSS OF WATER.

In some areas, the users organize a work party of them-
selves to maintain or repair the irrigation facilities and
other areas hire someone and all share the cost.

The above described condition must be corrected by
May 15, 1965 or water service to this
area will be discontinued.

Your cooperation in clearing up this condition will be
greatly appreciated by all concerned. Please notify 273-5693
when this has been completed and water service will be resumed.
If you desire additional information regarding this cut off
Please call Mr. _Doe at 273-5693.

SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS'* ASSOCIATION

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