II 

Calendar No. 523 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3606 

To reauthorize the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, and for 

other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JANUARY 17, 2024 

Mr. PADILLA (for himself, Ms. MURKOWSKI, Mr. WYDEN, Mr. MERKLEY, and 

Mr. TESTER) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

SEPTEMBER 24, 2024 

Reported by Ms. CANTWELL, with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To reauthorize the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 

1977, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Earthquake 

5 Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act of 

6 2024’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. MODIFICATION OF FINDINGS. 

2 Section 2 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

3 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7701) is amended— 

4 (1) in paragraph (1)— 

5 (A) by striking ‘‘50 States, and the Com6 monwealth of Puerto Rico,’’ and inserting 

7 ‘‘States and Tribal jurisdictions’’; 

8 (B) by striking ‘‘of them’’ and inserting 

9 ‘‘States’’; and 

10 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

11 ‘‘Almost half of the United States population 

12 resides in areas that are at risk or experiencing 

13 a damaging earthquake during the 50-year pe14 riod beginning on the date of the enactment of 

15 the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction 

16 Program Reauthorization Act of 2024’’; 

17 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

18 (A) by inserting after the first sentence the 

19 following: ‘‘A 2023 report by the Federal Emer20 gency Management Agency and the United 

21 States Geological Survey (FEMA P–366) esti22 mates the annualized earthquake losses to the 

23 national building stock is $14,700,000,000 per 

24 year and the total economic exposure to earth25 quake losses (buildings and contents) across the 

26 nation is $107,800,000,000,000.’’; and 


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1 (B) in the third sentence— 

2 (i) by striking ‘‘and construction’’ and 

3 inserting ‘‘, construction, evaluation, and 

4 retrofitting’’; 

5 (ii) by striking ‘‘and (E)’’ and insert6 ing the following: ‘‘(E) inventories of build7 ings and infrastructure with high seismic 

8 risk, especially those that are critical to 

9 community resilience, (F) programs that 

10 require or incentivize replacement or ret11 rofit of existing buildings and infrastruc12 ture with high seismic risk, especially those 

13 that are critical to community resilience, 

14 and (G)’’; 

15 (3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘Tribal,’’ 

16 after ‘‘local,’’; 

17 (4) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘could pro18 vide’’ and all that follows through the period at the 

19 end and inserting ‘‘is necessary to provide the sci20 entific understanding needed to improve and expand 

21 the earthquake early warning system.’’; 

22 (5) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘cave-ins’’ and 

23 inserting ‘‘collapse’’; 

24 (6) in paragraph (9)— 


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1 (A) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘and 

2 local’’ and inserting ‘‘local, and Tribal govern3 ment’’; and 

4 (B) in the second sentence, by striking 

5 ‘‘transfer knowledge and information to’’ and 

6 inserting ‘‘exchange knowledge and information 

7 between’’; and 

8 (C) in the third sentence, by striking 

9 ‘‘specifications, criteria’’ and inserting ‘‘guide10 lines, codes, standards’’; 

11 (7) in paragraph (12)— 

12 (A) in the second sentence— 

13 (i) by striking ‘‘When earthquakes 

14 occur, the built environment is generally’’ 

15 and inserting ‘‘Relatively newer buildings 

16 and infrastructure have generally been’’; 

17 (ii) by striking ‘‘and is’’ and inserting 

18 ‘‘when earthquakes occur, but most are’’; 

19 and 

20 (B) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘In 

21 addition, buildings and infrastructure built to 

22 older codes and standards may pose significant 

23 risk of injury, loss of life, or irreparable dam24 age. A 2021 report submitted to Congress pur25 suant to section 8(b), as amended by section 5 


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1 of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction 

2 Program Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public 

3 Law 115–307), by the Federal Emergency 

4 Management Agency and the National Institute 

5 of Standards and Technology (FEMA P2090/ 

6 NST SP–1254) provides recommendations for 

7 improving post-earthquake functional recovery 

8 time of the built environment to support com9 munity resilience goals and many of these rec10 ommendations still need to be implemented.’’; 

11 and 

12 (8) in paragraph (13)— 

13 (A) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘in 

14 2011’’ after ‘‘a study’’; 

15 (B) in the second sentence, by inserting 

16 ‘‘(in 2011 dollars)’’ after ‘‘$300,000,000’’; and 

17 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

18 ‘‘The cost of actual seismic retrofits to reduce 

19 known risks is not included in such valuation.’’. 

20 SEC. 3. MODIFICATION OF PURPOSE. 

21 Section 3 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

22 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7702) is amended— 

23 (1) in paragraph (1)— 

24 (A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting 

25 ‘‘, local, and Tribal government’’; and 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘locations and structures’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘buildings and infrastructure’’; 

3 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

4 (A) by striking ‘‘and construction’’ and in5 serting ‘‘, construction, evaluation, and retro6 fitting’’; and 

7 (B) by inserting ‘‘housing and care facili8 ties for vulnerable populations,’’ after ‘‘occu9 pancy buildings’’; and 

10 (3) in paragraph (4)— 

11 (A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting 

12 ‘‘, local, and Tribal government’’; and 

13 (B) by striking ‘‘encourage consideration 

14 of’’ and inserting ‘‘incorporate’’. 

15 SEC. 4. MODIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS. 

16 Section 4 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

17 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7703) is amended— 

18 (1) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘, including 

19 secondary effects such as earthquake-caused 

20 tsunamis’’; and 

21 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

22 ‘‘(11) The term ‘Tribal government’ has the 

23 meaning given the term ‘tribal government’ in sec24 tion in section 421 of the Congressional Budget Act 

25 of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658). 


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1 ‘‘(12) The term ‘functional recovery’ means a 

2 post-earthquake performance state in which a build3 ing or lifeline infrastructure system is maintained, 

4 or restored, to safely and adequately support the 

5 basic intended functions associated with the pre6 earthquake use or occupancy of a building, or the 

7 pre-earthquake service level of a lifeline infrastruc8 ture system.’’. 

9 SEC. 5. IMPROVEMENTS TO NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZ10 ARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM. 

11 (a) PROGRAM ACTIVITIES.—Subsection (a)(2) of sec12 tion 5 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 

13 (42 U.S.C. 7704) is amended— 

14 (1) in subparagraph (B)— 

15 (A) in the matter before clause (i)— 

16 (i) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and insert17 ing ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; and 

18 (ii) by striking ‘‘and constructing’’ 

19 and inserting ‘‘, designing, constructing, 

20 evaluating, and retrofitting’’; 

21 (B) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘voluntary 

22 consensus codes for earthquake hazards reduc23 tion’’ and inserting ‘‘consensus codes for earth24 quake hazards reduction, including improved 

25 post-earthquake functional recovery,’’; 


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1 (C) in clause (iii), by striking ‘‘and haz2 ards reduction; and’’ and inserting ‘‘functional 

3 recovery, and other hazards reduction topics;’’; 

4 (D) in clause (iv)— 

5 (i) by inserting ‘‘and maintaining’’ 

6 after ‘‘publishing’’; 

7 (ii) by inserting ‘‘tsunami suscepti8 bility,’’ after ‘‘liquefaction susceptibility,’’; 

9 and 

10 (iii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 

11 a semicolon; and 

12 (E) by adding at the end the following: 

13 ‘‘(v) development of best practices and 

14 guidelines to create an inventory of and 

15 conduct seismic performance evaluations of 

16 buildings, structures, and lifeline infra17 structure with high seismic risk, especially 

18 those that are critical to community resil19 ience; and 

20 ‘‘(vi) the provision of technical assist21 ance upon request by a State, local, or 

22 Tribal government regarding— 

23 ‘‘(I) the creation of an inventory 

24 of buildings, structures, and lifeline 

25 infrastructure; 


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1 ‘‘(II) the performance of seismic 

2 performance evaluations; and 

3 ‘‘(III) cost-effective best practices 

4 for retrofitting existing buildings, 

5 structures, and lifeline infrastruc6 ture.’’; 

7 (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 

8 and inserting a semicolon; 

9 (3) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as sub10 paragraph (E); and 

11 (4) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol12 lowing: 

13 ‘‘(D) improve the understanding of— 

14 ‘‘(i) the multiple hazards associated 

15 with earthquakes, including liquefaction, 

16 tsunamis, landslides, structural fires, and 

17 the compounding effects of climate on 

18 these hazards; and 

19 ‘‘(ii) potential mitigation measures for 

20 such hazards; and’’. 

21 (b) DUTIES OF INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COM22 MITTEE ON EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION.—Sub23 section (a)(3)(D)(ii) of such section is amended— 


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1 (1) in subclause (V), by inserting ‘‘and associ2 ated secondary hazards’’ before the period at the 

3 end; and 

4 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

5 ‘‘(VIII) Coordinating with the 

6 Chair of the Federal Communications 

7 Commission on the timely broad8 casting of emergency alerts generated 

9 by the earthquake early warning sys10 tem.’’. 

11 (c) BIENNIAL REPORT.—Subsection (a)(4)(A) of 

12 such section is amended by striking ‘‘under paragraph 

13 (3)(D)(i)(I)’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘under 

14 paragraph (3)(D)(ii)(I)’’. 

15 (d) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—Subsection (a)(5)(A) of 

16 such section is amended— 

17 (1) by striking ‘‘and local government’’ and in18 serting ‘‘, local, and Tribal governments’’; and 

19 (2) by inserting ‘‘social,’’ after ‘‘scientific,’’. 

20 (e) LEAD AGENCY FOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRO21 GRAM AGENCIES.—Subsection (b)(1) of such section is 

22 amended— 

23 (1) in subparagraph (A)— 

24 (A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting 

25 ‘‘local, and Tribal governments’’; and 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘plan and constructing’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘planning, designing, con3 structing, evaluating, and retrofitting’’; 

4 (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and 

5 (D) as subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and 

6 (3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the fol7 lowing: 

8 ‘‘(C) improve the understanding of earth9 quake-caused fires and support the development 

10 of engineering tools and construction methods 

11 that mitigate the risk of fire following earth12 quakes; 

13 ‘‘(D) develop, in coordination with the Ad14 ministrator of the Federal Emergency Manage15 ment Agency, best practices and guidelines for 

16 a State, local, or Tribal government to create 

17 an inventory of buildings, structures, or lifeline 

18 infrastructure that are critical to community re19 silience or otherwise have high seismic risk; 

20 ‘‘(E) provide, in coordination with the Ad21 ministrator of the Federal Emergency Manage22 ment Agency, technical assistance to a State, 

23 local, or Tribal government requesting such as24 sistance with respect to the creation of an inVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:05 Sep 25, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3606.RS S3606

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1 ventory of buildings, structures, or lifeline in2 frastructure;’’. 

3 (f) RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL EMERGENCY

4 MANAGEMENT AGENCY.—Subsection (b)(2) of such sec5 tion is amended— 

6 (1) in subparagraph (A)— 

7 (A) in clause (i)— 

8 (i) by inserting ‘‘and Tribal govern9 ments’’ after ‘‘States’’; 

10 (ii) by striking ‘‘safety inspections’’ 

11 and inserting ‘‘performance evaluations’’; 

12 and 

13 (iii) by inserting ‘‘and improve post14 earthquake functional recovery’’ after 

15 ‘‘seismic safety’’; 

16 (B) in clause (ii), by inserting ‘‘, including 

17 Tribal entities,’’ after ‘‘appropriate audiences’’; 

18 (C) in clause (iii)— 

19 (i) by striking ‘‘of seismic resistant’’ 

20 and inserting ‘‘to all appropriate audi21 ences, including Tribal governments, of’’; 

22 and 

23 (ii) by inserting ‘‘that enhance seismic 

24 safety, improve post-earthquake functional 


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1 recovery, and reduce losses from earth2 quakes’’ after ‘‘and lifeline infrastructure’’; 

3 (D) in clause (iv)— 

4 (i) in striking ‘‘and local’’ and insert5 ing ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; and 

6 (ii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 

7 a semicolon; 

8 (E) by redesignating clause (v) as clause 

9 (vi); and 

10 (F) by inserting after clause (iv) the fol11 lowing: 

12 ‘‘(v) shall provide technical assistance 

13 to State, local, or Tribal governmental en14 tities in the creation of evacuation plans in 

15 the event of an earthquake, landslide, tsu16 nami, or other earthquake-related hazard; 

17 and’’; and 

18 (2) in subparagraph (B)— 

19 (A) in the subparagraph heading, by in20 serting ‘‘AND TRIBAL’’ after ‘‘STATE’’; 

21 (B) in the matter before clause (i), by in22 serting ‘‘or Tribal government’’ after ‘‘State’’; 

23 and 


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1 (C) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘safety’’ and 

2 inserting ‘‘performance, community resilience, 

3 or public awareness’’. 

4 (g) RESPONSIBILITIES OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGI5 CAL SURVEY.—Subsection (b)(3) of such section is 

6 amended— 

7 (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and 

8 local’’ and inserting ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; 

9 (2) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ‘‘, the 

10 Chair of the Federal Communications Commission,’’ 

11 after ‘‘Agency’’; 

12 (3) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) 

13 through (K) as subparagraphs (J) through (O), re14 spectively; 

15 (4) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol16 lowing: 

17 ‘‘(D) coordinate with the Administrator of 

18 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin19 istration and the Administrator of the Federal 

20 Emergency Management Agency on data shar21 ing and resource allocation to support a timely 

22 response to oceanic earthquakes and tsunamis; 

23 ‘‘(E) in consultation with the Chair of the 

24 Federal Communications Commission, ensure 

25 that earthquake alerts and early warnings are 


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1 broadcast as rapidly and reliably as possible, in 

2 the predominant languages in the affected re3 gion, to ensure maximum warning time for 

4 nearby persons; 

5 ‘‘(F) expand the earthquake early warning 

6 system within and to additional high earth7 quake hazard areas, including making improve8 ments as practicable to improve detection and 

9 increase the time between warning messages 

10 and perceptible ground motion; 

11 ‘‘(G) coordinating with affected State and 

12 Tribal governments on earthquake early warn13 ing system improvements;’’; 

14 (5) in subparagraph (H), as redesignated by 

15 paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘the Chair of the Fed16 eral Communications Commission,’’ after ‘‘Agency,’’; 

17 (6) in subparagraph (K), as redesignated by 

18 paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting a 

19 semicolon; 

20 (7) in subparagraph (L), as redesignated by 

21 paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 

22 inserting a semicolon; and 

23 (8) in subparagraph (N), as redesignated by 

24 paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘maps of natural haz25 ards associated with earthquakes and’’. 


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1 (h) RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL SCIENCE

2 FOUNDATION.—Subsection (b)(4)(A) of such section is 

3 amended— 

4 (1) in clause (iii), by inserting ‘‘including up5 dated tsunami and liquefaction risk maps,’’; and 

6 (2) in clause (vii), by striking ‘‘Historically 

7 Black Colleges and Universities and those serving 

8 large proportions of Hispanics, Native Americans, 

9 Asian-Pacific Americans, and other underrep10 resented populations’’ and inserting ‘‘institutions de11 scribed in section 371(a) of the Higher Education 

12 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a))’’. 

13 SEC. 6. SEISMIC PERFORMANCE PROPERTY STANDARDS. 

14 Section 947 of the Cranston-Gonzales National Af15 fordable Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 7704a) is amended— 

16 (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘safety’’ both 

17 places it appears and inserting ‘‘performance’’; and 

18 (2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘shake-related 

19 property damage’’ and inserting ‘‘seismic-related 

20 property damage to improve the post-earthquake 

21 functional recovery time’’. 

22 SEC. 7. SEISMIC STANDARDS. 

23 Section 8 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

24 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7705b) is amended— 


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1 (1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘under para2 graph (1)’’ and inserting ‘‘under subsection (a)’’; 

3 and 

4 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

5 ‘‘(c) IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.— 

6 Each Program agency, as part of their Program respon7 sibilities, shall execute research, projects, grants, and 

8 other activities that support, promote, advance, or other9 wise implement the recommendations in the report sub10 mitted pursuant to subsection (b) to improve the perform11 ance of the built environment in terms of post-earthquake 

12 reoccupancy and functional recovery time. 

13 ‘‘(d) BIENNIAL REPORTS.— 

14 ‘‘(1) BIENNIAL REPORTS TO INTERAGENCY CO15 ORDINATING COMMITTEE.—No later than June 30, 

16 2025, and not less frequently than once every 2 

17 years thereafter, each Program agency shall submit 

18 to the Interagency Coordinating Committee a report 

19 on activities and progress made to support, promote, 

20 or advance the implementation of the recommenda21 tions included in the report submitted pursuant to 

22 subsection (b). 

23 ‘‘(2) INCLUSION IN BIENNIAL REPORTS OF

24 INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COMMITTEE.—The 

25 Interagency Coordinating Committee shall include 


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1 the information received under paragraph (1) in 

2 each biennial report submitted under section 5(a)(4), 

3 including consideration of a prioritized work plan to 

4 coordinate activities among the Program agencies 

5 and the necessary Program budget to fully imple6 ment the recommendations described in paragraph 

7 (1).’’. 

8 SEC. 8. IMPROVEMENTS TO POST-EARTHQUAKE INVES9 TIGATIONS PROGRAM. 

10 Section 11 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

11 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7705e) is amended, in the matter be12 fore paragraph (1)— 

13 (1) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘domestic 

14 and international’’ after ‘‘investigate major’’; and 

15 (2) in the fifth sentence, by inserting ‘‘Federal 

16 Emergency Management’’ before ‘‘Agency’’. 

17 SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

18 (a) GENERAL AUTHORIZATION FOR PROGRAM.—Sub19 section (a)(8) of section 12 of the Earthquake Hazards 

20 Reduction Act of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7706) is amended— 

21 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ 

22 and inserting a comma; and 

23 (2) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the fol24 lowing: 

25 ‘‘(K) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2024, 


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1 ‘‘(L) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2025, 

2 ‘‘(M) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2026, 

3 ‘‘(N) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2027, 

4 and 

5 ‘‘(O) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2028,’’. 

6 (b) UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.—Sub7 section (b)(2) of such section is amended— 

8 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 

9 and inserting a semicolon; 

10 (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 

11 at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

12 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

13 ‘‘(K) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2024, of 

14 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

15 available for completion of the Advanced Na16 tional Seismic System established under section 

17 13; 

18 ‘‘(L) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2025, of 

19 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

20 available for completion of the Advanced Na21 tional Seismic System established under section 

22 13; 

23 ‘‘(M) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2026, of 

24 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

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1 tional Seismic System established under section 

2 13; 

3 ‘‘(N) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, of 

4 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

5 available for completion of the Advanced Na6 tional Seismic System established under section 

7 13; and 

8 ‘‘(O) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2028, of 

9 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

10 available for completion of the Advanced Na11 tional Seismic System established under section 

12 13.’’. 

13 (c) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.—Subsection 

14 (c)(2) of such section is amended— 

15 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ 

16 and inserting a comma; 

17 (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 

18 at the end and inserting a comma; and 

19 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

20 ‘‘(K) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, 

21 ‘‘(L) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, 

22 ‘‘(M) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, 

23 ‘‘(N) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, 

24 and 

25 ‘‘(O) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.’’. 


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1 (d) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND

2 TECHNOLOGY.—Subsection (d)(2) of such section is 

3 amended— 

4 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ 

5 and inserting a comma; 

6 (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 

7 at the end and inserting a comma; and 

8 (3) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the fol9 lowing: 

10 ‘‘(K) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2024, 

11 ‘‘(L) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2025, 

12 ‘‘(M) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2026, 

13 ‘‘(N) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, and 

14 ‘‘(O) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2028,’’. 

15 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

16 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Earthquake 

17 Hazards Reduction Program Reauthorization Act of 2024’’. 

18 SEC. 2. MODIFICATION OF FINDINGS. 

19 Section 2 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

20 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7701) is amended— 

21 (1) in paragraph (1)— 

22 (A) by striking ‘‘50 States, and the Com23 monwealth of Puerto Rico,’’ and inserting 

24 ‘‘States and Tribal jurisdictions’’; 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘of them’’ and inserting 

2 ‘‘States’’; and 

3 (C) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘Al4 most half of the United States population resides 

5 in areas that are at risk or experiencing a dam6 aging earthquake during the 50-year period be7 ginning on the date of the enactment of the Na8 tional Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 

9 Reauthorization Act of 2024’’; 

10 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

11 (A) by inserting after the first sentence the 

12 following: ‘‘A 2023 report by the Federal Emer13 gency Management Agency and the United 

14 States Geological Survey (FEMA P-366) esti15 mates the annualized earthquake losses to the na16 tional building stock is $14,700,000,000 per year 

17 and the total economic exposure to earthquake 

18 losses (buildings and contents) across the nation 

19 is $107,800,000,000,000.’’; and 

20 (B) in the third sentence— 

21 (i) by striking ‘‘and construction’’ and 

22 inserting ‘‘, construction, evaluation, and 

23 retrofitting’’; 

24 (ii) by striking ‘‘and (E)’’ and insert25 ing the following: ‘‘(E) inventories of buildVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:05 Sep 25, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S3606.RS S3606

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1 ings and infrastructure with high seismic 

2 risk, especially those that are critical to 

3 community resilience, (F) programs that re4 quire or incentivize replacement or retrofit 

5 of existing buildings and infrastructure 

6 with high seismic risk, especially those that 

7 are critical to community resilience, and 

8 (G)’’; 

9 (3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘Tribal,’’ 

10 after ‘‘local,’’; 

11 (4) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘could pro12 vide’’ and all that follows through the period at the 

13 end and inserting ‘‘is necessary to provide the sci14 entific understanding needed to improve and expand 

15 the earthquake early warning system.’’; 

16 (5) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘cave-ins’’ and 

17 inserting ‘‘collapse’’; 

18 (6) in paragraph (9)— 

19 (A) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘and 

20 local’’ and inserting ‘‘local, and Tribal govern21 ment’’; and 

22 (B) in the second sentence, by striking 

23 ‘‘transfer knowledge and information to’’ and in24 serting ‘‘exchange knowledge and information be25 tween’’; and 


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1 (C) in the third sentence, by striking ‘‘speci2 fications, criteria’’ and inserting ‘‘guidelines, 

3 codes, standards’’; 

4 (7) in paragraph (12)— 

5 (A) in the second sentence— 

6 (i) by striking ‘‘When earthquakes 

7 occur, the built environment is generally’’ 

8 and inserting ‘‘Relatively newer buildings 

9 and infrastructure have generally been’’; 

10 (ii) by striking ‘‘and is’’ and inserting 

11 ‘‘when earthquakes occur, but most are’’; 

12 and 

13 (B) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘In 

14 addition, buildings and infrastructure built to 

15 older codes and standards may pose significant 

16 risk of injury, loss of life, or irreparable damage. 

17 A 2021 report submitted to Congress pursuant to 

18 section 8(b), as amended by section 5 of the Na19 tional Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 

20 Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115– 

21 307), by the Federal Emergency Management 

22 Agency and the National Institute of Standards 

23 and Technology (FEMA P2090/NST SP-1254) 

24 provides recommendations for improving post25 earthquake functional recovery time of the built 


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1 environment to support community resilience 

2 goals and many of these recommendations still 

3 need to be implemented.’’; and 

4 (8) in paragraph (13)— 

5 (A) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘in 

6 2011’’ after ‘‘a study’’; 

7 (B) in the second sentence, by inserting ‘‘(in 

8 2011 dollars)’’ after ‘‘$300,000,000’’; and 

9 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

10 ‘‘The cost of actual seismic retrofits to reduce 

11 known risks is not included in such valuation.’’. 

12 SEC. 3. MODIFICATION OF PURPOSE. 

13 Section 3 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

14 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7702) is amended— 

15 (1) in paragraph (1)— 

16 (A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting ‘‘, 

17 local, and Tribal government’’; and 

18 (B) by striking ‘‘locations and structures’’ 

19 and inserting ‘‘buildings and infrastructure’’; 

20 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

21 (A) by striking ‘‘and construction’’ and in22 serting ‘‘, construction, evaluation, and retro23 fitting’’; and 


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1 (B) by inserting ‘‘housing and care facili2 ties for vulnerable populations,’’ after ‘‘occu3 pancy buildings’’; and 

4 (3) in paragraph (4)— 

5 (A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting ‘‘, 

6 local, and Tribal government’’; and 

7 (B) by striking ‘‘encourage consideration 

8 of’’ and inserting ‘‘incorporate’’. 

9 SEC. 4. MODIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS. 

10 Section 4 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

11 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7703) is amended— 

12 (1) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘, including 

13 secondary effects such as earthquake-caused 

14 tsunamis’’; and 

15 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

16 ‘‘(11) The term ‘Tribal government’ has the 

17 meaning given the term ‘tribal government’ in section 

18 in section 421 of the Congressional Budget Act of 

19 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658). 

20 ‘‘(12) The term ‘functional recovery’ means a 

21 post-earthquake performance state in which a build22 ing or lifeline infrastructure system is maintained, or 

23 restored, to safely and adequately support the basic 

24 intended functions associated with the pre-earthquake 


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1 use or occupancy of a building, or the pre-earthquake 

2 service level of a lifeline infrastructure system. 

3 ‘‘(13) The term ‘earthquake forecast’ means a 

4 statement of probabilities that 1 or more earthquakes 

5 within a clearly specified magnitude range may occur 

6 within a specified time interval and geographic re7 gion.’’. 

8 SEC. 5. IMPROVEMENTS TO NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZ9 ARDS REDUCTION PROGRAM. 

10 (a) PROGRAM ACTIVITIES.—Subsection (a)(2) of sec11 tion 5 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 

12 (42 U.S.C. 7704) is amended— 

13 (1) in subparagraph (B)— 

14 (A) in the matter before clause (i)— 

15 (i) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and insert16 ing ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; and 

17 (ii) by striking ‘‘and constructing’’ 

18 and inserting ‘‘, designing, constructing, 

19 evaluating, and retrofitting’’; 

20 (B) by amending clause (ii) to read as fol21 lows: 

22 ‘‘(ii) development of standards, guide23 lines, and voluntary standards, guidelines, 

24 and consensus codes for earthquake hazards 

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1 line infrastructure, including post-earth2 quake recovery-based performance objectives 

3 that address reoccupancy and downtime of 

4 community-prioritized buildings, structures, 

5 and services provided by lifeline infrastruc6 ture;’’; 

7 (C) in clause (iii), by striking ‘‘and hazards 

8 reduction; and’’ and inserting ‘‘functional recov9 ery, and other hazards reduction topics;’’; 

10 (D) in clause (iv)— 

11 (i) by inserting ‘‘and maintaining’’ 

12 after ‘‘publishing’’; 

13 (ii) by inserting ‘‘in coordination with 

14 the National Tsunami Hazards Mitigation 

15 Program, tsunami susceptibility,’’ after 

16 ‘‘liquefaction susceptibility,’’; and 

17 (iii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 

18 a semicolon; and 

19 (E) by adding at the end the following: 

20 ‘‘(v) subject to the availability of funds, 

21 development of best practices and guidelines 

22 to create an inventory of and conduct seis23 mic performance evaluations of buildings, 

24 structures, and lifeline infrastructure with 


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1 high seismic risk, especially those that are 

2 critical to community resilience; and 

3 ‘‘(vi) subject to the availability of 

4 funds, the provision of technical assistance 

5 upon request by a State, local, or Tribal 

6 government regarding— 

7 ‘‘(I) the creation of an inventory 

8 of buildings, structures, and lifeline in9 frastructure; 

10 ‘‘(II) the performance of seismic 

11 performance evaluations; and 

12 ‘‘(III) cost-effective best practices 

13 for retrofitting existing buildings, 

14 structures, and lifeline infrastructure.’’; 

15 (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 

16 and inserting a semicolon; 

17 (3) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as sub18 paragraph (E); and 

19 (4) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol20 lowing: 

21 ‘‘(D) improve the understanding of— 

22 ‘‘(i) the multiple hazards associated 

23 with earthquakes, including liquefaction, 

24 tsunamis, landslides, structural fires, and 


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1 the compounding effects of climate on these 

2 hazards; and 

3 ‘‘(ii) potential mitigation measures for 

4 such hazards; and’’. 

5 (b) DUTIES OF INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COM6 MITTEE ON EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS REDUCTION.—Sub7 section (a)(3)(D)(ii) of such section is amended— 

8 (1) in subclause (V), by inserting ‘‘and associ9 ated secondary hazards’’ before the period at the end; 

10 and 

11 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

12 ‘‘(VIII) Coordinating with the 

13 Chair of the Federal Communications 

14 Commission on the timely broadcasting 

15 of emergency alerts generated by the 

16 earthquake early warning system.’’. 

17 (c) BIENNIAL REPORT.—Subsection (a)(4)(A) of such 

18 section is amended by striking ‘‘under paragraph 

19 (3)(D)(i)(I)’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘under 

20 paragraph (3)(D)(ii)(I)’’. 

21 (d) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—Subsection (a)(5)(A) of 

22 such section is amended— 

23 (1) by inserting ‘‘the Chair of the Scientific 

24 Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee and’’ after 

25 ‘‘including’’; 


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1 (2) by striking ‘‘and local government’’ and in2 serting ‘‘, local, and Tribal governments’’; and 

3 (3) by inserting ‘‘social,’’ after ‘‘scientific,’’. 

4 (e) LEAD AGENCY FOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRO5 GRAM AGENCIES.—Subsection (b)(1) of such section is 

6 amended— 

7 (1) in subparagraph (A)— 

8 (A) by striking ‘‘and local’’ and inserting 

9 ‘‘local, and Tribal governments’’; and 

10 (B) by striking ‘‘plan and constructing’’ 

11 and inserting ‘‘planning, designing, con12 structing, evaluating, and retrofitting’’; 

13 (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) 

14 as subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and 

15 (3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the fol16 lowing: 

17 ‘‘(C) improve the understanding of earth18 quake-caused fires and support the development 

19 of engineering tools and construction methods 

20 that mitigate the risk of fire following earth21 quakes; 

22 ‘‘(D) develop, in coordination with the Ad23 ministrator of the Federal Emergency Manage24 ment Agency, best practices and guidelines for a 

25 State, local, or Tribal government to create an 


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1 inventory of buildings, structures, or lifeline in2 frastructure that are critical to community resil3 ience or otherwise have high seismic risk; 

4 ‘‘(E) provide, in coordination with the Ad5 ministrator of the Federal Emergency Manage6 ment Agency, technical assistance to a State, 

7 local, or Tribal government requesting such as8 sistance with respect to the creation of an inven9 tory of buildings, structures, or lifeline infra10 structure;’’. 

11 (f) RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL EMERGENCY MAN12 AGEMENT AGENCY.—Subsection (b)(2) of such section is 

13 amended— 

14 (1) in subparagraph (A)— 

15 (A) in clause (i)— 

16 (i) by inserting ‘‘and Tribal govern17 ments’’ after ‘‘States’’; 

18 (ii) by inserting ‘‘and performance 

19 evaluations’’ after ‘‘safety inspections’’; and 

20 (iii) by inserting ‘‘and improve post21 earthquake functional recovery’’ after ‘‘seis22 mic safety’’; 

23 (B) in clause (ii), by inserting ‘‘, including 

24 Tribal entities,’’ after ‘‘appropriate audiences’’; 

25 (C) in clause (iii)— 


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1 (i) by striking ‘‘of seismic resistant’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘to all appropriate audiences, 

3 including Tribal governments, of’’; and 

4 (ii) by inserting ‘‘that enhance seismic 

5 safety, improve post-earthquake functional 

6 recovery, and reduce losses from earth7 quakes’’ after ‘‘and lifeline infrastructure’’; 

8 (D) in clause (iv)— 

9 (i) in striking ‘‘and local’’ and insert10 ing ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; and 

11 (ii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 

12 a semicolon; 

13 (E) by redesignating clause (v) as clause 

14 (vi); and 

15 (F) by inserting after clause (iv) the fol16 lowing: 

17 ‘‘(v) shall provide technical assistance 

18 to State, local, or Tribal governmental enti19 ties in the creation of evacuation plans in 

20 the event of an earthquake, landslide, tsu21 nami, or other earthquake-related hazard; 

22 and’’; and 

23 (2) in subparagraph (B)— 

24 (A) in the subparagraph heading, by insert25 ing ‘‘AND TRIBAL’’ after ‘‘STATE’’; 


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1 (B) in the matter before clause (i), by in2 serting ‘‘or Tribal government’’ after ‘‘State’’; 

3 and 

4 (C) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘safety’’ and 

5 inserting ‘‘performance, community resilience, or 

6 public awareness’’. 

7 (g) RESPONSIBILITIES OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGI8 CAL SURVEY.—Subsection (b)(3) of such section is amend9 ed— 

10 (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and local’’ 

11 and inserting ‘‘, local, and Tribal’’; 

12 (2) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ‘‘, the 

13 Chair of the Federal Communications Commission,’’ 

14 after ‘‘Agency’’; 

15 (3) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through 

16 (K) as subparagraphs (L) through (Q), respectively; 

17 (4) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol18 lowing: 

19 ‘‘(D) coordinate with the Administrator of 

20 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis21 tration and the Administrator of the Federal 

22 Emergency Management Agency on data sharing 

23 and resource allocation to support a timely re24 sponse to oceanic earthquakes and tsunamis; 


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1 ‘‘(E) in consultation with the Chair of the 

2 Federal Communications Commission, ensure 

3 that earthquake alerts and early warnings are 

4 broadcast as rapidly and reliably as possible, in 

5 the predominant languages in the affected region, 

6 to ensure maximum warning time for nearby 

7 persons; 

8 ‘‘(F) expand the earthquake early warning 

9 system within and to additional high risk haz10 ard areas, including making improvements as 

11 practicable to improve detection and increase the 

12 time between warning messages and perceptible 

13 ground motion; 

14 ‘‘(G) coordinating with affected State and 

15 Tribal governments on earthquake early warning 

16 system improvements; 

17 ‘‘(H) issue earthquake forecasts, when ap18 propriate, for aftershocks associated with signifi19 cant earthquakes in the United States;’’; 

20 (5) in subparagraph (I), as redesignated by 

21 paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘the Chair of the Federal 

22 Communications Commission,’’ after ‘‘Agency,’’; 

23 (6) in subparagraph (L), as redesignated by 

24 paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting a 

25 semicolon; 


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1 (7) in subparagraph (M), as redesignated by 

2 paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 

3 inserting a semicolon; and 

4 (8) in subparagraph (O), as redesignated by 

5 paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘maps of natural hazards 

6 associated with earthquakes and’’. 

7 (h) RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUN8 DATION.—Subsection (b)(4)(A) of such section is amend9 ed— 

10 (1) in clause (iii), by inserting ‘‘including up11 dated tsunami and liquefaction risk maps,’’; and 

12 (2) in clause (vii), by striking ‘‘Historically 

13 Black Colleges and Universities and those serving 

14 large proportions of Hispanics, Native Americans, 

15 Asian-Pacific Americans, and other underrepresented 

16 populations’’ and inserting ‘‘institutions described in 

17 section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 

18 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a))’’. 

19 SEC. 6. SEISMIC PERFORMANCE PROPERTY STANDARDS. 

20 Section 947 of the Cranston-Gonzales National Afford21 able Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 7704a) is amended— 

22 (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘safety’’ both 

23 places it appears and inserting ‘‘performance’’; and 

24 (2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘shake-related 

25 property damage’’ and inserting ‘‘seismic-related 


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1 property damage to improve the post-earthquake func2 tional recovery time’’. 

3 SEC. 7. SEISMIC STANDARDS. 

4 Section 8 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

5 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7705b) is amended— 

6 (1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘under para7 graph (1)’’ and inserting ‘‘under subsection (a)’’; and 

8 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

9 ‘‘(c) IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.—Each 

10 Program agency, as part of their Program responsibilities, 

11 shall execute research, projects, grants, and other activities 

12 that support, promote, advance, or otherwise implement the 

13 recommendations in the report submitted pursuant to sub14 section (b) to improve the performance of the built environ15 ment in terms of post-earthquake reoccupancy and func16 tional recovery time. 

17 ‘‘(d) BIENNIAL REPORTS.— 

18 ‘‘(1) BIENNIAL REPORTS TO INTERAGENCY CO19 ORDINATING COMMITTEE.—No later than September 

20 30, 2025, and not less frequently than once every 2 

21 years thereafter, each Program agency shall submit to 

22 the Interagency Coordinating Committee a report on 

23 activities and progress made to support, promote, or 

24 advance the implementation of the recommendations 


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1 included in the report submitted pursuant to sub2 section (b). 

3 ‘‘(2) INCLUSION IN BIENNIAL REPORTS OF

4 INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COMMITTEE.—The 

5 Interagency Coordinating Committee shall include the 

6 information received under paragraph (1) in each bi7 ennial report submitted under section 5(a)(4), includ8 ing consideration of a prioritized work plan to co9 ordinate activities among the Program agencies and 

10 the necessary Program budget to fully implement the 

11 recommendations described in paragraph (1).’’. 

12 SEC. 8. IMPROVEMENTS TO POST-EARTHQUAKE INVESTIGA13 TIONS PROGRAM. 

14 Section 11 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act 

15 of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7705e) is amended, in the matter before 

16 paragraph (1)— 

17 (1) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘domestic 

18 and international’’ after ‘‘investigate major’’; and 

19 (2) in the fifth sentence, by inserting ‘‘Federal 

20 Emergency Management’’ before ‘‘Agency’’. 

21 SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

22 (a) GENERAL AUTHORIZATION FOR PROGRAM.—Sub23 section (a)(8) of section 12 of the Earthquake Hazards Re24 duction Act of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7706) is amended— 


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1 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ and 

2 inserting a comma; and 

3 (2) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the fol4 lowing: 

5 ‘‘(K) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2024, 

6 ‘‘(L) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2025, 

7 ‘‘(M) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2026, 

8 ‘‘(N) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2027, and 

9 ‘‘(O) $10,590,000 for fiscal year 2028,’’. 

10 (b) UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.—Sub11 section (b)(2) of such section is amended— 

12 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 

13 inserting a semicolon; 

14 (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 

15 at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

16 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

17 ‘‘(K) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2024, of 

18 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

19 available for completion of the Advanced Na20 tional Seismic System established under section 

21 13; 

22 ‘‘(L) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2025, of 

23 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

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1 tional Seismic System established under section 

2 13; 

3 ‘‘(M) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2026, of 

4 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

5 available for completion of the Advanced Na6 tional Seismic System established under section 

7 13; 

8 ‘‘(N) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, of 

9 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

10 available for completion of the Advanced Na11 tional Seismic System established under section 

12 13; and 

13 ‘‘(O) $100,900,000 for fiscal year 2028, of 

14 which not less than $36,000,000 shall be made 

15 available for completion of the Advanced Na16 tional Seismic System established under section 

17 13.’’. 

18 (c) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.—Subsection 

19 (c)(2) of such section is amended— 

20 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ and 

21 inserting a comma; 

22 (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 

23 at the end and inserting a comma; and 

24 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

25 ‘‘(K) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, 


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1 ‘‘(L) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, 

2 ‘‘(M) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, 

3 ‘‘(N) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, and 

4 ‘‘(O) $58,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.’’. 

5 (d) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH6 NOLOGY.—Subsection (d)(2) of such section is amended— 

7 (1) in subparagraph (I), by striking ‘‘, and’’ and 

8 inserting a comma; 

9 (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking the period 

10 at the end and inserting a comma; and 

11 (3) by inserting after subparagraph (J) the fol12 lowing: 

13 ‘‘(K) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2024, 

14 ‘‘(L) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2025, 

15 ‘‘(M) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2026, 

16 ‘‘(N) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2027, and 

17 ‘‘(O) $5,900,000 for fiscal year 2028,’’. 


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Calendar No. 523 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3606 

A BILL 

To reauthorize the Earthquake Hazards Reduction 

Act of 1977, and for other purposes. 

SEPTEMBER 24, 2024 

Reported with an amendment 


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