FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

A Policy on Geometric 

Design of Highways 

and Streets, 6th Edition

A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 6th Edition, 2011, commonly referred to as the “Green Book,” contains the 

current design research and practices for highway and street geometric design. The document provides guidance to highway 

engineers and designers who strive to make unique design solutions that meet the needs of highway users while maintaining the 

integrity of the environment. It is also intended as a comprehensive reference manual to assist in administrative, planning, and 

educational efforts pertaining to design formulation. Design guidelines are included for freeways, arterials, collectors, and local 

roads, in both urban and rural locations, paralleling the functional classification used in highway planning. The book, similarly, is 

also organized into the following functional chapters to stress the relationship between highway design and function: Highway 

Functions, Design Controls and Criteria, Elements of Design, Cross-Section Elements, Local Roads and Streets, Collector Roads 

and Streets, Rural and Urban Arterials, Freeways, Intersections, and Grade Separations and Interchanges. AASHTO Guidance 2011

https://bookst

ore.transporta

tion.org/collec

tion_detail.as

px?ID=110 $338.00 $270.00

Member price 

of $250 (hard 

copy) and $200 

(electronic)

A Review of Pedestrian 

Safety Research in the 

United States and 

Abroad

The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of research studies on pedestrian safety in the United States; some foreign 

research also is included. Readers will find details of pedestrian crash characteristics, measures of pedestrian exposure and 

hazard, and specific roadway features and their effects on pedestrian safety. Such features include crosswalks and alternative 

crossing treatments, signalization, signing, pedestrian refuge islands, provisions for pedestrians with disabilities, bus stop location, 

school crossing measures, reflectorization and conspicuity, gradeseparated crossings, traffic-calming measures, and sidewalks and 

paths. Pedestrian educational and enforcement programs also are discussed.

This report is an update resulting from two earlier reports. The most recent was Synthesis of Safety Research: Pedestrians, by C.V. 

Zegeer (FHWA-SA-91-034, Aug. 1991). The earlier work was Chapter 16, “Pedestrian Ways” by R.C. Pfefer, A. Sorton, J. Fegan, 

and M.J. Rosenbaum, which was published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in Synthesis of Safety Research 

Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements (from Volume 2, Dec. 1982). This updated report includes results from numerous 

studies, foreign and domestic. A review of pedestrian safety research from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the 

United Kingdom is given at: www.walkinginfo.org/rd/international.htm.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2004

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/p

ublications/re

search/safety/

pedbike/0304

2/03042.pdf n/a Free

Achieving Multimodal 

Networks: Applying 

Design Flexibility and 

Reducing Conflicts

Multimodal transportation networks provide access to jobs, education, health care, recreation, transit, and other essential services in 

urban, suburban, and rural areas throughout the United States. Interconnected pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure makes walking 

and bicycling a viable transportation choice for everyone and this contributes to the health, equity, and quality of life of our 

communities.

This publication is a resource for practitioners seeking to build multimodal transportation networks. The publication highlights ways 

that planners and designers can apply the design flexibility found in current national design guidance to address common roadway 

design challenges and barriers. It focuses on reducing multimodal conflicts and achieving connected networks so that walking and 

bicycling are safe, comfortable, and attractive options for people of all ages and abilities.

This resource includes 24 design topics, organized into two themes. The 12 design topics in Part 1 focus on design flexibility. The 12 

topics in Part 2 focus on measures to reduce conflicts between modes. Each design topic is four pages in length and includes 

relevant case studies and references to appropriate design guidelines.

This document covers a wide range of solutions to achieve multimodal transportation networks. It includes solutions for streets and 

intersections, and has information about shared use paths and other trails that can serve both transportation and recreation 

purposes. It includes information about crossing main streets, bridges and underpasses, and about interactions with freight and 

transit. This resource addresses common concerns and perceived barriers among planning and design professionals and provides 

specific information about flexible design treatments and approaches.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2016

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/en

vironment/bic

ycle_pedestri

an/publicatio

ns/multimoda

l_networks/ n/a Free

Applying the Americans 

with Disabilities Act in 

Work Zones: A 

Practitioners Guide

A basic requirement of work zone traffic control, as provided in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), is that the 

needs of pedestrians, including those with disabilities, must be addressed in temporary traffic control plans (TCPs) in accordance 

with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), Title II, Paragraph 35.130. The ADA is a Federal law that requires that 

pedestrians with physical and/or mental disabilities be accommodated not only in completed, publicly accessible facilities, but also 

during times of construction or improvement. This document provides State and local transportation agencies with strategies and 

technical guidance on how to design TCPs that address pedestrian access during construction, including the needs of those with 

disabilities. This document: describes the challenges faced by disabled pedestrians; outlines considerations to planning and 

designing strategies to manage pedestrians in a work zone; and provides examples to further assist practitioners in setting up work 

zones and making them safe for all pedestrians.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2012

https://www.w

orkzonesafety

.org/trainingresources/fhw

a_wz_grant/a

tssa_ada_gui

de/ n/a free

Bicycle Facility Design

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This training will assist planners and designers in learning how to apply the existing standards and how to 

deal with other technical issues involved. The availability of Federal, State, and local transportation funding for bicycle facilities that 

serve transportation and recreational users is resulting in a dramatic increase in the number of bicycling (and shared use) facilities 

being planned and built. Although there are no Federal design standards for bicycle facilities, the AASHTO Guide for the 

Development of Bicycle Facilities, or a modification thereof, serves as a design guide. As with most guides, the AASHTO guide 

cannot address every possible scenario so designers often need to apply engineering judgment where specific information is not 

provided. The training fee includes a copy of the AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities.

OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to: List the needs of bicyclists as transportation facility users; 

Identify common roadway and traffic conditions that affect bicyclists;Describe the characteristics of a roadway and a shared-use path 

that are designed to accommodate bicyclists; List the benefits to the transportation system of accommodating bicyclists with different 

abilities; Recognize opportunities to accommodate bicyclists during the planning, design, construction, and operational phases of a 

project.

TARGET AUDIENCE: Federal, State, or local engineers with planning, design, construction, or maintenance responsibilities; bicycle 

specialists, transportation planners, landscape architects, as well as decisionmakers at the project planning level. NHI Information 2013

http://www.nh

i.fhwa.dot.gov

/training/cour

se_search.as

px?tab=0&ke

y=bicycle&sf=

0&course_no

=142046 n/a n/a

Enrollment cost 

per person: 

$700

10/24/2017 1 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Bicycle Road Safety 

Audit Guidelines and 

Prompts Lists

Road Safety Audits (RSAs) are a formal safety examination of an existing or future roadway or off-road facility and are conducted by 

an independent, experienced, multidisciplinary team. The purpose of the Bicycle Road Safety Audit Guidelines and Prompt Lists is 

to provide transportation agencies and RSA teams with a better understanding of the safety of cyclists in the transportation system 

when conducting an RSA. These Guidelines present the RSA team with an overview of basic principles of the safety of cyclists and 

potential issues affecting cyclists. They also provide information on how to conduct an RSA and effectively assess the safety of 

cyclists. Prompt lists describe safety considerations when conducting a cyclist-specific RSA. These Guidelines will help RSA teams 

evaluate and suggest a multimodal approach to safety by improving the safety of cyclists and all roadway users.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Safety Assessment 2012

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/fhwas

a12018/ Free Free

Hard copies 

can be 

requested 

here: 

http://safety.fh

wa.dot.gov/ped

_bike/ped_bike

_order/

Bicycle Safer Journey

Bicycle Safer Journey helps educators, parents and others who care about bicycle safety to get the conversation started with 

children and youth. Three videos — one for each of three age groups — accompanied by a quiz or discussion and an educator's 

resource library can be used as an introduction to bicycle safety skills or to augment a comprehensive curriculum.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2017

http://www.pe

dbikeinfo.org/

bicyclesaferjo

urney/ n/a Free

Bicycle Safety Guide 

and Countermeasure 

Selection System 

(BIKESAFE)

The Bicycle Safety Guide and Countermeasure Selection System is intended to provide practitioners with the latest information 

available for improving the safety and mobility of those who bike. The online tools provide the user with a list of possible engineering, 

education, or enforcement treatments to improve bicycle safety and/or mobility based on user input about a specific location.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://pedbike

safe.org/BIKE

SAFE n/a Free

Bicycling and Walking 

in the United Stated 

2014 Benchmarking 

Report

This is the fourth biennial Benchmarking Project which began in 2003. Researchers analyzed data from the 50 States and from 50 

large and 17 small and midsized U.S. cities to document trends in bicycling and walking. This report uses case studies from around 

the world to illustrate efforts taken to support bicycling and walking. Chapter topics include: mode share, public health, safety, 

policies and funding, infrastructure, multimodal, programs, and personnel.

CDC 

Funded 

Resource Information 2014

http://www.bi

kewalkallianc

e.org/downlo

ad-the-2014-

benchmarkin

g-report $39.95 Free

Member price 

34.95

Bicycling and Walking 

in the United States 

2016 Benchmarking 

Report

This is the fifth biennial Benchmarking Project which began in 2003. Researchers analyzed data from the 50 States and from 50 

large and 18 small and midsized U.S. cities to document trends in bicycling and walking. This report uses case studies from around 

the U.S. to illustrate efforts taken to support bicycling and walking. This 2016 edition has been reformatted from previous editions. 

The report starts with a review of research showing the impact of biking and walking projects, next, state and city level statistics are 

presented, and finally, a tool box section provides resources for readers to collect and compare data on bicycling and walking in 

their area. Topics include: active transportation and health, safety, economic impacts, infrastructure, legislation and regulation, 

funding, and public opinion.

CDC 

Funded 

Resource Information 2016

http://www.bi

kewalkallianc

e.org/resourc

es/benchmar

king $39.95 Free

Member price 

34.95

Bikeability Checklist

The Bikeability Checklist (undated), produced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Information Center, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, allows community members to rate the safety and efficiency of using 

a bicycle to get around. A user can review the questions on the checklist, then take a ride in the community to shops, work, or a 

friend's house. Upon returning from the ride, the user can answer the questions listed in the checklist.

The checklist also includes suggestions for making a community safer for bicycling. These suggestions are organized based on the 

categories covered in the checklist and divided into actions that can improve conditions immediately and those that will take more 

time. The checklist also includes an extensive resources section.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2014

http://www.pe

dbikeinfo.org/

pdf/bikeability

_checklist.pdf n/a Free

Bikesharing and Bicycle 

Safety

The growth of bikesharing in the United States has had a transformative impact on urban transportation. Major cities have 

established large bikesharing systems, including Boston, Chicago, Denver, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, New York City, Salt Lake City, 

the San Francisco Bay Area, Seattle, Washington DC, and others. These systems began operating as early as 2010, and no 

fatalities have occurred within the US as of this writing. However, three have happened in North America—two in Canada and one in 

Mexico. Bikesharing has some qualities that appear inherently unsafe for bicyclists. Most prominently, helmet usage is documented 

to be quite low in most regions. In addition, bikesharing is also used by people who bicycle less frequently, and by tourists, who are 

often less familiar with the local terrain. In this study, researchers take a closer look at bikesharing safety from qualitative and 

quantitative perspectives. Through a series of four focus groups, they discussed bikesharing usage and safety with bikesharing 

members and nonmembers in the Bay Area. They further engaged experts nationwide from a variety of fields to evaluate their 

opinions and perspectives on bikesharing and safety. Finally, researchers conducted an analysis of bicycle and bikesharing activity 

data, as well as bicycle and bikesharing collisions to evaluate injury rates associated with bikesharing when compared with 

benchmarks of personal bicycling. The data analysis found that collision and injury rates for bikesharing are lower than previously 

computed rates for personal bicycling. Experts and focus group participants independently pointed to bikesharing rider behavior and 

bikesharing bicycle design as possible factors. In particular, bikesharing bicycles are generally designed in ways that promote 

stability and limited speeds, which mitigate the conditions that contribute to collisions. Data analysis also explored whether there 

was evidence of a “safety in numbers benefit” that resulted from bikesharing activity. However, no significant impact from bikesharing 

activity on broader bicycle collisions could be found within the regions in which they operate. Discussion and recommendations are 

presented in the conclusion.

University 

Transportati

on Center Information 2016

http://transwe

b.sjsu.edu/P

DFs/research

/1204-

bikesharingand-bicyclesafety.pdf n/a free

10/24/2017 2 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Capacity Analysis of 

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Facilities 

Recommended 

Procedures for the 

"Bicycles" Chapter of 

the Highway Capacity 

Manual

The objective of this project was to develop revised operational analysis procedures for transportation facilities with pedestrian and 

bicyclist users. This document contains both new and revised procedures for analyzing various types of exclusive and mixed–use 

bicycle facilities. These procedures are recommended to determine the level of service for bicycle facilities on the basis of previous 

domestic and international bicycle operations research conducted to date. This document only addresses procedures for streets, 

roads, and intersections with designated bicycle facilities. In addition to this report, there were two additional reports produced as 

part of this effort on Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 1998

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/p

ublications/re

search/safety/

pedbike/9810

8/ n/a Free

Capacity Analysis of 

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Facilities 

Recommended 

Procedures for the 

"Pedestrians" Chapter 

of the Highway 

Capacity Manual

The objective of this project is to develop revised operational analysis procedures for transportation facilities with pedestrian and 

bicyclist users. This document describes the effects of pedestrians and bicyclists on the capacity of signalized intersections. These 

procedures augment the existing Highway Capacity Manual signalized intersection Level of Service procedures for locations with 

substantial pedestrian and/or bicycle traffic conflicting with vehicular turning movements. This document incorporates the results of 

a multi-regional data-collection effort that confirms the validity of a conflict zone occupancy approach to analyze pedestrian and 

bicycle effects on signalized intersection capacity.

In addition to this report, there were two additional reports produced as part of this effort on Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and 

Bicycle Facilities. These reports are subtitled as:

Recommended Procedures for the "Bicycles" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual (FHWA-RD-98-108)

Recommeded Procedures for the "Signalized Intersection" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual (FHWA-RD-98-106)

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 1998

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/pedbike/981

07/ n/a Free

Capacity Analysis of 

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Facilities 

Recommended 

Procedures for the 

"Signalized 

Intersections" Chapter 

of the Highway 

Capacity Manual

The objective of this project is to develop revised operational analysis procedures for transportation facilities with pedestrian and 

bicyclist users. This document describes the effects of pedestrians and bicyclists on the capacity of signalized intersections. These 

procedures augment the existing Highway Capacity Manual signalized intersection Level of Service procedures for locations with 

substantial pedestrian and/or bicycle traffic conflicting with vehicular turning movements. This document incorporates the results of 

a multi-regional data-collection effort that confirms the validity of a conflict zone occupancy approach to analyze pedestrian and 

bicycle effects on signalized intersection capacity.

In addition to this report, there were two additional reports produced as part of this effort on Capacity Analysis of Pedestrian and 

Bicycle Facilities. These reports are subtitled as:

Recommended Procedures for the "Bicycles" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual (FHWA-RD-98-108)

Recommeded Procedures for the "Signalized Intersection" Chapter of the Highway Capacity Manual (FHWA-RD-98-106)

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 1998

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/p

ublications/re

search/safety/

pedbike/9810

6/index.cfm n/a Free

Case Studies in 

Delivering Safe 

Comfortable and 

Connected Pedestrian 

and Bicycle Networks

To better understand the different ways in which communities are improving their pedestrian and bicycle networks, Federal Highway 

Administration (FHWA) Division Offices gathered and compiled examples of pedestrian and bicycle network improvement projects 

initiated by state departments of transportation (DOTs), metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), counties, cities, and other local 

entities. The effort identified a total of 86 projects from all States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, each of which 

highlighted a project that was intended to improve the transportation network for pedestrians and bicyclists. The network examples 

were used to develop brief case studies of successful projects. Examples were identified, evaluated, and categorized into several 

key project types, including: Planning and Prioritization, Shared Use Paths, Corridor Improvements, Bridges, On-Road Facilities, 

and Intersections and Crossing Improvements. The examples provide agencies with ideas about how they can improve networks for 

pedestrians and bicyclists and will serve as a source of inspiration for communities who are interested in making network 

improvements.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2016

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/en

vironment/bic

ycle_pedestri

an/publicatio

ns/network_r

eport/ n/a Free

Characteristics of 

Emerging Road and 

Trail Users and Their 

Safety

This study was undertaken to clarify the operational characteristics of an increasingly diverse group of trail and other nonmotorized 

transportation users. Three "Ride for Science" data collection events were conducted to obtain the physical dimensions, turning 

capabilities, lateral operating space, acceleration, speed, and stopping sight distance of trail users. The results confirmed the great 

diversity in the operating characteristics of various road and trail user types. Some examples of findings include: Sweep Width - The 

85th percentile inline skater had a 1.5-m (4.9-ft) sweep width, wider than the AASHTO recommended width for bike lanes; Design 

Speed - Recumbent bicyclists had the highest observed 85th percentile speeds of 29 km/h (18 mph), less than AASHTO's minimum 

design speed; Horizontal Alignment - Most users did not reduce their speeds for turning radii greater than 16 m (52.5 ft); Stopping 

Sight Distance - A recumbent cyclist in the 85th percentile requires a stopping sight distance of 32.7 m (107.3 ft) on wet pavement, 

less than the AASHTO value; Signal Clearance Intervals - Five-second clearance intervals would provide insufficient time for most 

users (85th percentile users) to clear a five-lane [18.3-m (60-ft) wide] intersection; and Characteristics of Segway® Users - Many 

characteristics of Segway users were comparable with those of other emerging trail users. These findings suggest that design 

guidelines may need to be revised to incorporate the needs of emerging trail users. The results of this study can be used to help 

design professionals adequately design roadway and shared use path facilities to meet the operational and safety needs of this 

growing group of users.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2004

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/p

ublications/re

search/.../pav

ements/.../res

earch/safety/

04103/index.c

fm n/a Free

10/24/2017 3 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Checklist for 

accommodating 

pedestrians in 

temporary traffic control 

areas

The need to provide improved consistency and quality of pedestrian traffic control devices has become more important with the 

implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), which was passed to eliminate barriers to employment, 

transportation, public accommodations, public services, and telecommunications. The ADA requires that pedestrians with physical 

and/or mental disabilities be accommodated not only in completed facilities, but also during times of construction. The Texas 

Department of Transportation sponsored a project to investigate methods for accommodating pedestrians in work zones that meet 

the evolving requirements being developed as a result of the ADA. This checklist document was developed to assist in considering 

pedestrians within the public right-of-way. Advice on pedestrians is contained in several locations – this document groups the advice 

to reflect the different stages of a project. The four stages used within the checklist are:ƒ Stage 1. Feasibility; Stage 2. Project 

Assessment;ƒ Stage 3. Temporary Traffic Control Plan Development;ƒ Stage 4. Construction In-Field Review.

The checklist provides topics and issues to be considered within each stage. It also provides examples or discussion for these 

topics. After the user gains familiarity with the checklists, the examples and discussions are not needed. Therefore, the Appendix 

provides a summary of the key topics to consider when using the checklist.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2007

http://d2dtl5n

nlpfr0r.cloudf

ront.net/tti.ta

mu.edu/docu

ments/0-5237-

P1.pdf n/a free

Crash Modification 

Factors Clearinghouse

A crash modification factor (CMF) is a multiplicative factor used to compute the expected number of crashes after implementing a 

given countermeasure at a specific site. The Crash Modification Factors Clearinghouse houses a Web-based database of CMFs 

along with supporting documentation to help transportation engineers identify the most appropriate countermeasure for their safety 

needs. Using this site, you can search to find CMFs or submit your own CMFs to be included in the clearinghouse.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2017

http://www.c

mfclearingho

use.org/ n/a Free

Crash-Type Manual for 

Bicyclists

Approximately one out of six highway fatalities in the United States is a bicyclist or pedestrian each year. Estimates for 1995 indicate 

that 61,000 bicyclists were injured and 830 were killed in traffic crashes. These crashes can be classified or "typed" by their 

precipitating actions, predisposing factors, and characteristic populations and/or location that can be targeted for intervention.

The information provided in the following guide is the result of a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) research study that 

applied the basic National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) bicycle and pedestrian typologies to a sample of bicycleand pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes from six States with the purpose of refining and updating the crash type distributions. 

Particular attention was given to roadway and locational factors in order to identify situations where engineering, educational, and/or 

regulatory countermeasures might be effectively implemented to reduce the frequency of the crashes.

This informational guide should be of interest to State and local bicycle and pedestrian coordinators, transportation planners, and 

transportation engineers involved in safety and risk management. Other interested parties include those in education, enforcement, 

and the medical profession.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 1996

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/pedbike/961

04/ n/a Free

Crash-Type Manual for 

Pedestrians

Bicyclists or pedestrians are involved in approximately one out of six highway fatalities each year. This research was conducted in 

order to better understand the precipitating actions, predisposing factors and characteristic populations involved. Some of the factors 

reviewed include: walking into vehicle intersection, driver violations, midblock dart out, suicides, domestic/dispute related, backing 

vehicles, walking alone, exiting/entering parked vehicle, vehicle turn/merge and assaults with vehicles. A greater understanding of 

the causes could help to identify situations where better engineering, increased public awareness and the enactment of regulatory 

countermeasures could help reduce the number of injuries and fatalities.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 1996

http://ntl.bts.

gov/lib/10000/

10300/10391/i

ntro1.pdf n/a Free

Creating Healthier 

Generations - A Look at 

the 10 Years of the 

Federal Safe Routes to 

School Program

In August 2005, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) was passed. 

The law included a new Federal Safe Routes to School (SRTS) Program which had the ambitious goal to improve the ability of 

primary and middle school students to walk and bicycle to school safely. This report examines the accomplishments of the Federal 

SRTS Program over the 10-year period since it was enacted.

The Federal SRTS Program provided the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) with over $1 billion in dedicated funding for 

implementation through State departments of transportation (DOTs). In July 2012, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st 

Century Act (MAP-21) was enacted. Under MAP-21, SRTS activities were eligible to compete for funding alongside other eligible 

activities under the Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP). TAP funding was apportioned to State DOTs and urbanized areas 

with populations over 200,000.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2015

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/en

vironment/saf

e_routes_to_

school/resour

ces/ten_year_

report/index.c

fm n/a Free

Delivering Safe, 

Comfortable, and 

Connected Pedestrian 

and Bicycle Networks: A 

Review of International 

Practices

The purpose of this study was to identify noteworthy and innovative international designs, treatments, and other practices that have 

potential to improve bicycle and pedestrian safety and access and increase walking and bicycling in the United States. This report 

covers treatments and practices from a total of 11 countries, covering six thematic areas: (1) network infrastructure, (2) limited auto 

traffic areas, (3) signalization, traffic control, and intelligent transport systems, (4) policy change, (5) criteria or methods for 

prioritizing improvements, and (6) goals and network performance measures. A number of treatments and practices appear to have 

significant potential to help improve bicycle and pedestrian network safety, comfort, and connectivity in the U.S. Additional study and 

actions are needed to better understand, test, and refine the most promising designs and practices for use by U.S. jurisdictions.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2015

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/en

vironment/bic

ycle_pedestri

an/publicatio

ns/global_be

nchmarking/p

age00.cfm n/a Free

10/24/2017 4 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Designing for 

Pedestrian Safety

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The Designing for Pedestrian Safety course is intended to help state and local transportation engineering 

professionals address pedestrian safety issues through design and engineering solutions. The training course includes a field 

exercise in the application of the principles, concepts, and strategies covered in the course. Also the participants will share and 

prioritize potential policies, programs, and strategies.

OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to: Describe the influence of planning factors: land use, street 

connectivity, access management, site design, and level of service; Describe how pedestrians should be considered and provided 

for during the planning, design, work zone, maintenance, and operations phases; Describe how human behavior affects the 

interaction between pedestrians and drivers; Identify good practices and effective solutions to enhance pedestrian safety and 

accessibility.

TARGET AUDIENCE: This course is intended primarily for state DOT staff involved with the Highway Safety Improvement Program, 

and for FHWA Safety Specialists. These specialists shall include: Engineers, planners, traffic safety and enforcement professionals, 

public health and injury prevention professionals, and decision-makers who have the responsibility of improving pedestrian safety at 

the state or local level. NHI Information 2009

http://www.nh

i.fhwa.dot.gov

/training/cour

se_search.as

px?tab=0&ke

y=380089&co

urse_no=380

089&res=1 n/a n/a

Enrollment cost 

per person: 

$450

Designing Walkable 

Urban Thoroughfares 

(with CNU)

The ITE Recommended Practice, Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach, advances the 

successful use of context sensitive solutions (CSS) in the planning and design of major urban thoroughfares for walkable 

communities. It provides guidance and demonstrates for practitioners how CSS concepts and principles may be applied in roadway 

improvement projects that are consistent with their physical settings. The report's chapters are focused on applying the principles of 

CSS in transportation planning and in the design of roadway improvement projects in places where community objectives support 

walkable communities-compact development, mixed land uses and support for pedestrians and bicyclists, whether it already exists 

or is a goal for the future. 

This document was produced in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency and in 

partnership with the Congress for the New Urbanism. ITE Guidance 2010

http://www.ite

.org/css/ $37.50 Free

Member price 

of $30

Developing a 

Pedestrian Safety 

Action Plan

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The Developing a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan course is designed to help state and local officials learn 

"HOW TO" address pedestrian safety issues in the development of a pedestrian safety action plan, program, and activities tailored to 

their community. It is also intended to assist agencies in the further enhancement of their existing pedestrian safety plan, programs, 

and activities, including involving partners and stakeholders, collecting and analyzing data and information, prioritizing issues and 

concerns, selecting and implementing an optimal combination of education, enforcement, engineering strategies. The training 

course includes a field exercise in the application of the principles, concepts, and strategies covered in the course. Also the 

participants will share and prioritize potential policies, programs, and strategies.

OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to: Develop and implement a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan 

addressing your specific issues, problems, needs and resources; Describe how pedestrians should be considered and provided for 

during the planning, design, work zone, maintenance, and operations phases; Describe how human behavior affects the interaction 

between pedestrians and drivers; Identify good practices and effective solutions to enhance pedestrian safety and accessibility.

TARGET AUDIENCE: This course is intended primarily for state DOT staff involved with the Highway Safety Improvement Program, 

and for FHWA Safety Specialists. These specialists shall include: Engineers, planners, traffic safety and enforcement professionals, 

public health and injury prevention professionals, and decision-makers who have the responsibility of improving pedestrian safety at 

the state or local level. NHI Information 2009

http://www.nh

i.fhwa.dot.gov

/training/cour

se_search.as

px?tab=0&ke

y=380090&co

urse_no=380

090&res=1 n/a n/a

Enrollment cost 

per person: 

$450

Developing Safety 

Plans: a Manual for 

Local Road Owners

Local road practitioners across the country play a critical role in addressing crash risks at the local level and may be able to identify 

the specific or unique conditions that contribute to crashes within their jurisdictions. The Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) offers a 

foundation for consensus and focus. It defines key emphasis areas and strategies that impact local rural roads and provides a 

framework to accomplish safety enhancements at the local level. The LRSP helps communities take a proactive stance in reducing 

and preventing local road fatalities and injuries. This document guides the development of an LRSP.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2012

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/l

ocal_rural/trai

ning/fhwasa1

2017/ n/a Free

Engineering Speed 

Management 

Countermeasures: A 

Desktop Reference of 

Potential Effectiveness 

in Reducing Crashes

"This chart summarizes studies about the effectiveness of engineering countermeasures. Studies where an increase in crashes were 

reported are also shown since this information is also relevant in selection of countermeasures."

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/s

peedmgt/ref_

mats/eng_co

unt/2014/redu

cing_crashes.

cfm n/a Free

10/24/2017 5 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Evaluation of Low Cost 

Traffic Calming for 

Rural Communities – 

Phase II 

The main goal of the research described in this report was to evaluate countermeasures that agencies can use to reduce speeds as 

drivers enter rural communities located on high-speed roadways. The objectives of this study were as follows: Identify and 

summarize countermeasures used to manage speeds in transition zones; Demonstrate the effectiveness of countermeasures that 

are practical for high- to low-speed transition zones; Acquire additional information about countermeasures that may show promise 

but lack sufficient evidence of effectiveness; Develop an application toolbox to assist small communities in selecting appropriate 

transition zones and effective countermeasures for entrances to small rural communities.

The team solicited small communities that were interested in participating in the Phase II study and several communities were also 

recommended. The treatments evaluated were selected by carefully considering traffic-calming treatments that have been used 

effectively in other countries for small rural communities, as well as the information gained from the first phase of the project. The 

treatments evaluated are as follows:Transverse speed bars; Colored entrance treatment; Temporary island; Radar-activated speed 

limit sign; Speed feedback sign.

The toolbox publication and four focused tech briefs also cover the results of this work.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2013

http://www.int

rans.iastate.e

du/research/d

ocuments/res

earchreports/updat

ed_rural_traffi

c_calming_w

_cvr2.pdf n/a Free

Evaluation of Safety, 

Design, and Operation 

of Shared-Use Paths

Shared-use paths are becoming increasingly busy in many places in the United States. Path designers and operators need 

guidance on how wide to make new or rebuilt paths, and on whether to separate the different types of users. The current guidance 

is not very specific; it has not been calibrated to conditions in the United States, and does not accommodate the range of modes 

found on a typical U.S. path. The purpose of this project was to develop a level of service (LOS) estimation method for shared-use 

paths that overcomes these limitations. The research included the development of the theory of traffic flow on a path, an extensive 

effort to collect data on path operations, and a survey through which path users expressed their degree of satisfaction with the paths 

shown in a series of videos. Based on the theory developed and the data collected, the researchers developed an LOS estimation 

method for bicyclists that requires minimal input and produces a simple and useful result. Factors involved in the estimation of an 

LOS for a path include the number of times a typical bicyclist meets or passes another path user, the number of those passings that 

are delayed, the path width, and whether the path has a centerline. The method considers four other types of path users besides 

the adult bicyclists for whom the LOS is calculated—pedestrians, joggers, child bicyclists, and skaters. This report documents the 

research conducted during the project. Other products of the effort include Report No. FHWA-HRT-05-138, Shared-Use Path Level 

of Service Calculator: A User’s Guide (for the LOS procedure and the spreadsheet calculation tool); and a TechBrief, Publication No. 

FHWA-HRT-05-139, Evaluation of Safety, Design, and Operation of Shared-Use Paths.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2006

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/pedbike/051

37 n/a Free

Everyone Walks

In January 2015 the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) surveyed 40 State Highway Offices on their pedestrian safety 

programs, laws, and policies. This document presents State measures addressing pedestrian safety, distraction, educating roadway 

users, enforcing laws, and funding. Included in this report are 21 key points for States to consider when developing pedestrian 

policies.

Governors 

Highway 

Safety 

Association Information 2015

http://www.gh

sa.org/html/p

ublications/sf

ped.html n/a Free

Factors Contributing to 

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Crashes on Rural 

Highways

The goals of this study were to examine the differences between pedestrian and bicycle crashes in urban and rural settings in North 

Carolina and to identifyproblem areas (specific crash types and crash locations) on rural highways that are of high priority for safety 

treatment and treatment development. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2011

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/10052/1005

2.pdf n/a Free

Fatality Analysis 

Reporting System 

(FARS) Encyclopedia

NHTSA 

Sponsored 

Resource Information 2017

http://wwwfars.nhtsa.dot

.gov/Main/ind

ex.aspx n/a Free

FHWA Course on 

Bicycle and Pedestrian 

Transportation

This Student Workbook contains 24 lessons of resource material that is intended for use in university courses on bicycle and 

pedestrian transportation. The lessons span a wide range of topics including an introduction to bicycling and walking issues, 

planning and designing for bicycle and pedestrian facilities, and supporting elements and programs. This is the second edition of 

the Student Workbook; the first edition was published as Report No. FHWA-RD-99-198.

Lesson-based slideshows (scripted slideshows for all 24 lessons) and an overview lecture (a scripted slideshow for a one- or twolecture overview in existing undergraduate or graduate transportation courses) are also available to assist in course development 

and delivery. The key learning outcomes in the course material are as follows:

• Students should recognize the legitimacy of the bicycle and pedestrian modes in a balanced transportation system.

• Students should understand how policy, planning, and engineering practices can be improved to create a more balanced 

transportation system.

• Students should be familiar with basic policies, practices, tools, and design principles and know how to use them to create bicycle 

and pedestrian-friendly communities. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2006

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/p

ublications/re

search/safety/

pedbike/0508

5/ n/a Free

FHWA Pedestrian 

Forum FHWA Newsletter on pedestrian safety

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2017

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/ped

forum/ n/a Free

10/24/2017 6 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

FHWA Planning it Safe FHWA Newsletter on transportation safety

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2012

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/pl

anning/transp

ortation_safet

y_planning/p

ublications/ne

wsletter/ n/a Free

Final Detailed Findings 

Report for Marketing 

Plan and Outreach 

Materials that Promote 

Pedestrian and Bicyclist 

Safety to Different 

Hispanic Populations in 

the United States

According to a 2004 report by the Center for Applied Research and The Media Network, an average of 545 Hispanic pedestrians and 

79 Hispanic bicyclists are killed in crashes with motor vehicles every year. These numbers are likely to increase as the Hispanic 

population in the U.S. continues to increase. There is a clear need to include Hispanics as part of the target audience in any 

pedestrian/bicycle safety education program. With that need in mind, the Federal Highway Administration sponsored this project, 

"Marketing Plan and Outreach Materials that Promote Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety to Different Hispanic Populations in the United 

States".

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2005

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/hisp

anic/ n/a Free

Guide for Maintaining 

Pedestrian Facilities for 

Enhanced Safety

A Guide for Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities for Enhanced Safety provides guidance for maintaining pedestrian facilities with the 

primary goal of increasing safety and mobility. The Guide addresses the needs for pedestrian facility maintenance; common 

maintenance issues; inspection, accessibility, and compliance; maintenance measurers; funding; and construction techniques to 

reduce future maintenance.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2013

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/fhwas

a13037/ Free Free

Hard copies 

can be 

requested 

here: 

http://safety.fh

wa.dot.gov/ped

_bike/ped_bike

_order/

Guide for Maintaining 

Pedestrian Facilities for 

Enhanced Safety 

Research Report

A Guide for Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities for Enhanced Safety provides guidance for maintaining pedestrian facilities with the 

primary goal of increasing safety and mobility. The Guide addresses the needs for pedestrian facility maintenance; common 

maintenance issues; inspection, accessibility, and compliance; maintenance measurers; funding; and construction techniques to 

reduce future maintenance.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2013

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/fhwas

a13037/resea

rch_report/ n/a Free

Guide for the 

Development of Bicycle 

Facilities, 4th Edition

This guide provides information on how to accommodate bicycle travel and operations in most riding environments. It is intended to 

present sound guidelines that result in facilities that meet the needs of bicyclists and other highway users. Sufficient flexibility is 

permitted to encourage designs that are sensitive to local context and incorporate the needs of bicyclists, pedestrians, and 

motorists. However, in some sections of this guide, suggested minimum dimensions are provided. These are recommended only 

where further deviation from desirable values could increase crash frequency or severity.

This guide has been updated from the previous guide published in 1999. The fact that new guidance is presented herein does not 

imply that existing bicycle facilities are inadequate or unsafe, nor does it mandate the initiation of improvement projects. The intent of 

this document is to provide guidance to designers and planners by referencing a recommended range of design values and 

describing alternative design approaches. AASHTO Guidance 2012

https://bookst

ore.transporta

tion.org/collec

tion_detail.as

px?ID=116 $203.00 162

Member pricing 

available

Guide for the Planning, 

Design, and Operation 

of Pedestrian Facilities

The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance on the planning, design, and operation of pedestrian facilities along streets and 

highways. Specifically, the guide focuses on identifying effective measures for accommodating pedestrians on public rights-of-way. 

Appropriate methods for accommodating pedestrians, which vary among roadway and facility types, are described in this guide. The 

primary audiences for this manual are planners, roadway designers, and transportation engineers, whether at the state or local level, 

the majority of whom make decisions on a daily basis that affect pedestrians. This guide also recognizes the profound effect that 

land use planning and site design have on pedestrian mobility and addresses these topics as well. AASHTO Guidance 2014

https://bookst

ore.transporta

tion.org/collec

tion_detail.as

px?ID=131 $133.00 $111.00

Member price 

of $84

Guide to Promoting 

Bicycling on Public 

Lands

Federal lands, including units of the National Park Service, National Forests, National Wildlife Refuges, and Bureau of Land 

Management lands are at a critical juncture. Increasing numbers of automobiles in some areas have led to congestion, poor air 

quality, damage to natural resources, and degraded visitor experience. At the same time, growth in the number of bicyclists on some 

of the most scenic roadways has led to motorist–bicyclist conflicts and concern for everyone’s safety. Increased fuel costs and 

climate change have spawned efforts to reduce fuel consumption and minimize the "carbon footprint" of Federal land agencies. 

Sixty-one percent of adults in the United States are overweight or obese and childhood obesity rates are soaring. Bicycling networks 

are one part of the solution to these issues.

 This report provides guidance to Federal land managers on how to promote bicycling. Bicycling facilities are important 

transportation and recreation links to connect gateway communities, visitor centers, campgrounds, trailheads, and other attractions 

on Federal lands. This report presents benefits of bicycling, successful bicycling programs, policies that support bicycling, issues 

and challenges faced by land managers, and useful resources available to help meet these challenges. Bicycle transportation 

networks have significant positive impacts for the environment, health and visitor experience on Federal lands. Federal land 

managers have the opportunity to serve as positive national role models by mainstreaming bicycling to create sustainable 

transportation networks.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2008

http://flh.fhwa

.dot.gov/innov

ation/td/bikes/

documents/0

2_title_forwar

d_toc.pdf n/a Free

10/24/2017 7 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Guidebook on 

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Volume Data Collection 

(NCHRP Report 797)

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 797: Guidebook on Pedestrian and Bicycle Volume Data 

Collection describes methods and technologies for counting pedestrians and bicyclists, offers guidance on developing a nonmotorized count program, gives suggestions on selecting appropriate counting methods and technologies, and provides examples of 

how organizations have used non-motorized count data to better fulfill their missions. 

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2015

http://www.trb

.org/Main/Blu

rbs/171973.a

spx $71.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$53.25

Handbook for 

Designing Roadways 

for the Aging 

Population

The proportion of the United States population age 65 and over will increase significantly in the coming decades. The effects of 

aging on people as drivers and pedestrians are highly individual. Challenges that may impact people as they age include declining 

vision, decreased flexibility and psychomotor performance, and changes in perceptual and cognitive performance. Design practices 

that explicitly recognize these changes will better serve this growing segment of the nation's population.

This Handbook for Designing Roadways for the Aging Population provides practitioners with a practical information source that links 

aging road user performance to highway design, operational, and traffic engineering features. This Handbook supplements existing 

standards and guidelines in the areas of highway geometry, operations, and traffic control devices.

The information in this Handbook should be of interest to highway designers, traffic engineers, and highway safety specialists 

involved in the design and operation of highway facilities. In addition, this Handbook will be of interest to researchers concerned with 

issues of aging road user safety and mobility.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/o

lder_users/ha

ndbook/ n/a Free

Highway Capacity 

Manual (HCM), 5th 

Edition

The Transportation Research Board's (TRB) fifth edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2010), incorporates results from 

more than $5 million of research completed since the publication of the HCM2000. This latest edition significantly updates the 

methodologies that engineers and planners use to assess the traffic and environmental effects of highway projects.

Transportati

on 

Research 

Board Guidance 2010

http://hcm.trb

.org/ $220.00 $220.00

Member price 

of $165

Highway Safety Manual

The AASHTO Highway Safety Manual (HSM), published in 2010, presents a variety of methods for quantitatively estimating crash 

frequency or severity at a variety of locations. For the first time, a complete collection of quantitative safety analysis methods are 

available. AASHTO Guidance 2010

http://www.hi

ghwaysafety

manual.org/P

ages/default.

aspx $624.00 $520.00

Member price 

of $480 (hard 

copy) and $400 

(electronic)

How to Develop a 

Pedestrian Safety 

Action Plan

The purpose of this guide on “How to Develop a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan” is to present an overview and framework for state 

and local agencies to develop and implement a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan tailored to their specific problems and needs. A 

Pedestrian Safety Action Plan is a plan developed by community stakeholders that is intended to improve pedestrian safety in the 

community. An objective of the guide is to help state and local officials know where to begin to address pedestrian safety issues. It is 

also intended to assist agencies in further enhancing their existing pedestrian safety programs and activities, including identifying 

safety problems and selecting optimal solutions. This guide is primarily a reference for improving pedestrian safety through street 

redesign and the use of engineering countermeasures as well as other safety-related treatments and programs that involve the 

whole community. This guide can be used by engineers, planners, traffic safety and enforcement professionals, public health and 

injury prevention professionals, and decision-makers who have the responsibility of improving pedestrian safety at the state or local 

level. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2009

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/ped

_focus/docs/f

hwasa0512.p

df Free Free

Hard copies 

can be 

requested 

here: 

http://safety.fh

wa.dot.gov/ped

_bike/ped_bike

_order/

Human Factors 

Assessment of 

Pedestrian Roadway 

Crossing Behavior

Pedestrian–vehicle crashes are both common and deadly. The majority of pedestrian fatalities occur outside marked intersection 

crosswalks. The influences of pedestrian and environmental factors on crossing location choice were examined. A literature review 

covering factors intrinsic to pedestrians is provided. In addition, pedestrian crossings at 20 different locations were recorded and 

analyzed. The vast majority of crossings (89 percent of the total observed) took place in the marked intersection crosswalks. Drivers 

are likely to yield to pedestrians. However, while drivers are more likely to yield to pedestrians in the marked crosswalk, pedestrians 

and vehicles are equally as likely to yield to one another outside the marked crosswalk. The data also suggest that measures that 

reduce the perceived affordances to cross the roadway (e.g., flowerbeds that separate the sidewalk from the roadway) also reduce 

the proportion of crossings outside the marked crosswalks. It also appears that pedestrians cross when perceived control of the 

crossing is greatest. Measures to increase perceived control have the potential to increase (e.g., visible countdown clocks) or 

decrease (e.g., large medians) crossings in the marked crosswalk. A model to predict pedestrian crossing location is provided. The 

model uses various environmental variables as predicting factors and was shown to successfully predict an average of 90 percent of 

the crossings.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2014

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/13098/1309

8.pdf n/a Free

Implementing Bicycle 

Improvements at the 

Local Level

This implementation manual is intended for local governments who want to make improvements to existing conditions that affect 

bicycling. Thirteen of the most typical situations or factors that impact bicycle use are considered. For each situation or factor the 

manual provides (as appropriate) a problem overview, a solution overview, implementation strategies, objectives, resource 

requirements, subtasks, a schedule, specifications, and references. The intent is to make it relatively easy and straightforward for a 

local public works or transportation department to identify specific problems and deal with them, generally as part of the agency's 

routine functions. The information provided is based on the approaches and techniques developed over the past two decades by 

some of the most bicycle-friendly communities and leading practitioners. The categories covered are (1) major urban streets, (2) 

minor urban street traffic, (3) minor street/major street crossings, (4) breaking bicycling barriers, (5) trail networks, (6) transit 

connections, (7) roadway bridge modifications, (8) railroad crossings, (9) traffic signals, (10) drainage grates and utility covers, (11) 

rural road shoulders, (12) bicycle parking, and (13) maintenance.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 1998

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/98105/9810

5.pdf n/a Free

10/24/2017 8 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Integration of Safety in 

the Project 

Development Process 

and Beyond

The ITE informational report, Integration of Safety in the Project Development Process and Beyond: A Context Sensitive Approach, 

builds upon the above referenced ITE FHWA Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach (RP) and 

the dialog that was initiated with ITE members in support of advancing the implementation of context sensitive solution (CSS). This 

report focuses on the consideration of safety in the project development process and its relationship to highway design elements 

considering project context from a quantitative, substantive, analytical, and technical perspective. This document was produced in 

cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration. ITE Information 2015

http://www.ite

.org/css/ $37.50 Free

Member price 

of $30

Intersection Safety 

Briefs

This document contains a series of Issue Briefs on various intersection safety-related topics. This is the Second Edition of these 

briefs. The target audience for the Issue Briefs consists of traffic engineers and transportation and safety professionals. Many 

products have developed over the past two years that will help practitioners evaluate causes of intersection crashes and potential 

solutions. The Issue Briefs provide practitioners with a substantial number of references and resources for subsequent review and 

consideration. The materials could also be used by a far wider audience of people and organizations who want to promote 

intersection safety issues within their area of influence. The topics included in this edition are as follows: (1) Introduction; (2) The 

National Intersection Safety Problem; (3) Traffic Control Devices: Uses and Misuses; (4) Stop Signs; (5) Signals; (6) Engineering 

Countermeasures to Reduce Red Light Running; (7) Red-Light Cameras; (8) Intersection Safety Countermeasures; (9) Pedestrian 

Safety; (10) Older Drivers; (11) ADA Considerations at Intersections; (12) Human Factors; (13) Access Management; (14) 

Roundabouts; (15) Road Safety Audits; (16) Work Zones; and (17) Resources. The format of the Issue Briefs has changed with the 

second edition. They are now three-hole punched and can easily be placed in a notebook for quick access and for reproduction as 

required. ITE Guidance 2004

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/i

ntersection/re

sources/fhwa

sa10005/brief

_17.cfm n/a Free

Making Local and Rural 

Roads Safer for 

Pedestrians and 

Bicycles

There are several enhancements that can be introduced to improve safety for pedestrians and bicyclists. The safety treatments 

shown in the table below can be employed to improve pedestrian and bicycle safety at intersections in particular. The table also 

shows the associated crash modification factor (CMF) or crash reduction, the safety issue addressed, and the typical cost of 

implementation. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/l

ocal_rural/trai

ning/fhwasa1

4090/ped_bik

e.pdf n/a Free

Manual on Uniform 

Traffic Control Devices 

(MUTCD), 2nd edition

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, or MUTCD defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and 

maintain traffic control devices on all public streets, highways, bikeways, and private roads open to public travel. The MUTCD is 

published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F.

The MUTCD, which has been administered by the FHWA since 1971, is a compilation of national standards for all traffic control 

devices, including road markings, highway signs, and traffic signals. It is updated periodically to accommodate the nation's changing 

transportation needs and address new safety technologies, traffic control tools and traffic management techniques.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2012

http://mutcd.f

hwa.dot.gov/ n/a Free

Materials for Hispanic 

Pedestrians and 

Bicyclists

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2017

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/hisp

anic/materials

/ n/a Free

National Pedestrian 

Safety Campaign 

The Federal Highway Administration's Pedestrian Safety Campaign was developed in 2003 and consists of ready-made outreach 

materials that States and communities can customize and use locally. The Campaign materials have been used in over 400 

communities nationwide, and we no longer have hard copy materials available. Everything that was included in the Pedestrian 

Safety Campaign Planner is available here for download and use. The threefold purpose of the campaign is to (1) sensitize drivers to 

the fact that pedestrians are legitimate road users and should always be expected on or near the roadway, (2) educate pedestrians 

about minimizing risks to their safety, and (3) develop program materials to explain or enhance the operation of pedestrian facilities, 

such as crosswalks and pedestrian signals.

This Pedestrian Safety Campaign website includes materials designed for use in television, radio, cinema, and print advertising. 

Some of the materials included are available in both English and Spanish. States and local communities are responsible for 

implementing the campaign through local television and radio stations and print media. A Campaign Planning Step by Step Guide 

that explains in detail how to implement the campaign successfully at the local level is also provided. All you need is a lot of 

determination and commitment to fixing the problem and selling your ideas to others!

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2011

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/l

ocal_rural/pe

dcampaign/ n/a Free

10/24/2017 9 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

NCHRP Report 500 Vol 

18 A Guide for 

Reducing Collisions 

Involving Bicycles

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500, Vol. 18, Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO 

Strategic Highway Safety Plan: A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Bicycles provides strategies that can be employed to 

reduce collisions involving bicycles.

In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety 

Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal 

Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on 

Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's 

goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and 

an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy.

Over the next few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) will be developing a series of guides, 

several of which are already available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The 

guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief 

introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model 

implementation process.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.trb

.org/main/Blu

rbs/156839.a

spx $55.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$41.25

NCHRP Report 500, 

Volume 10: A Guide for 

Reducing Collisions 

Involving Pedestrians

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO 

Strategic Highway Safety Plan Volume 10: A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Pedestrians provides strategies that can be 

employed to reduce the number of collisions involving pedestrians.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.trb

.org/Main/Blu

rbs/154863.a

spx $24.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$18

NCHRP Report 546 

Incorporating Safety 

into Long-Range 

Transportation Planning

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 546/CD ROM CRP-CD-62, examines where and how 

safety can be effectively addressed and integrated into long-range transportation planning at the state and metropolitan levels. The 

report includes guidance for practitioners in identifying and evaluating alternative ways to incorporate and integrate safety 

considerations in long-range statewide and metropolitan transportation planning and decision-making processes.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.trb

.org/Main/Blu

rbs/156716.a

spx $29.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$21.75

NCHRP Report 600: 

Human Factors 

Guidelines for Road 

Systems

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 600: Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems: 

Second Edition provides data and insights of the extent to which road users’ needs, capabilities, and limitations are influenced by 

the effects of age, visual demands, cognition, and influence of expectancies. NCHRP Report 600 provides guidance for roadway 

location elements and traffic engineering elements. The report also provides tutorials on special design topics, an index, and a 

glossary of technical terms. The second edition of NCHRP 600 completes and updates the first edition, which was published 

previously in three collections. NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.trb

.org/Main/Blu

rbs/167909.a

spx $79.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$59.25

NCHRP Report 674 

Crossing Solutions at 

Roundabouts and 

Channelized Turn 

Lanes for Pedestrians 

with Vision Disabilities

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 674: Crossing Solutions at Roundabouts and Channelized 

Turn Lanes for Pedestrians with Vision Disabilities explores information related to establishing safe crossings at roundabouts and 

channelized turn lanes for pedestrians with vision disabilities.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2011

http://www.trb

.org/Publicati

ons/Blurbs/16

4715.aspx $60.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$45 (hard 

copy) 

NCHRP Report 770 

Estimating Bicycling 

and Walking for 

Planning and Project 

Development: A 

Guidebook

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 770: Estimating Bicycling and Walking for Planning and 

Project Development: A Guidebook contains methods and tools for practitioners to estimate bicycling and walking demand as part of 

regional-, corridor-, or project-level analyses. 

The products of the research include a guidebook for practitioners on a range of methods for estimating bicycling and walking 

activity and a CD-ROM containing a GIS Walk Accessibility Model, spreadsheets, and the contractor’s final report, which documents 

the research and tools that operationalize the methods described in the guidebook.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.trb

.org/Publicati

ons/Blurbs/17

1138.aspx $78.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$58.50 (hard 

copy) 

NCHRP Report 783: 

Evaluation of the 13 

Controlling Criteria for 

Geometric Design

"In 1985, the FHWA designated 13 specific design elements as controlling criteria for roadway design (see Mitigation Strategies for 

Design Exceptions). The 13 controlling criteria are (1) design speed, (2) lane width, (3) shoulder width, (4) bridge width, (5) 

structural capacity, (6) horizontal alignment, (7) vertical alignment, (8) grade, (9) stopping sight distance, (10) cross slope, (11) 

superelevation, (12) vertical clearance, and (13) horizontal clearance. Federally assisted highway construction and reconstruction 

projects must meet the established design criteria for these elements, or a formal design exception must be prepared and approved. 

Different procedures apply to rehabilitation projects, but these design elements are still key considerations in design. Since their 

designation, the 13 controlling criteria and their pplication have not been reconsidered as new knowledge has been gained about 

the relationships between geometric design elements and safety and operations.

In NCHRP Project 17-53, MRIGlobal and their subcontractors (Quincy Engineering and HQE, Inc.) investigated what is known about 

the safety and operational effects of the 13 controlling and other important geometric design criteria. Several small studies were 

done to augment the information found in the literature. This information was used to assess the sensitivity of safety and operations 

to design decisions for these criteria for different types of roads. The research also addressed how to reduce confusion related to the 

definitions of the controlling criteria."

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.trb

.org/Publicati

ons/Blurbs/17

1358.aspx $58.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$43.50 (hard 

copy) 

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FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

NCHRP Report 803 

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Transportation Along 

Existing 

Roads—ActiveTrans 

Priority Tool Guidebook

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 803: Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing 

Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook presents a tool and guidance that may be used to help prioritize improvements to 

pedestrian and bicycle facilities, either separately or together as part of a “complete streets” evaluation approach. 

The guidebook is supplemented by a CD that contains a programmed spreadsheet to facilitate implementation of the ActiveTrans 

methodology, as well as a final report that documents the research approach, findings, and conclusions. 

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2015

http://www.trb

.org/Publicati

ons/Blurbs/17

2459.aspx $71.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$53.25 (hard 

copy) 

NCHRP Report 811 

Institutionalizing Safety 

in Transportation 

Planning Processes

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 811: Institutionalizing Safety in Transportation Planning 

Processes: Techniques, Tactics, and Strategies provides field-tested guidance on institutionalizing the integration of safety into 

transportation planning and programming processes. The guidebook also provides ways to measure the effectiveness and success 

of integration efforts.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2015

http://apps.tr

b.org/cmsfee

d/trbnetprojec

tdisplay.asp?

projectid=250

2 $51.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$38.25

NHCRP Report 766 

Recommended Bicycle 

Lane Widths for Various 

Roadway 

Characteristics

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 766: Recommended Bicycle Lane Widths for Various 

Roadway Characteristics presents an analysis of the research and design guidance for bicycle lane widths on existing travel lane 

widths and parking lane widths. The conclusions are most applicable to urban and suburban roadways with level grade and a 

posted speed limit of 30 mph and should be used cautiously for the design of roadways with motor vehicle speeds outside of the 

range of 25 to 35 mph, and in particular for higher-speed roadways.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.trb

.org/Publicati

ons/Blurbs/17

1010.aspx $52.00 Free

Affiliate price of 

$39 (hard 

copy) 

Non-Motorized User 

Safety A Manual for 

Local Rural Road 

Owners

Many of the roads in the U.S. are non-Interstate, local and rural roads that are maintained and operated by local agencies, such as 

towns, counties, and Tribal governments. Non-motorized modes of travel, such as biking, walking, and riding horses or horse-drawn 

carriages can be expected along these roads and may face safety concerns when utilizing the same roadway as motorized travelers. 

This Non-Motorized User Safety Manual focuses on low-volume local rural roadways and rural villages and describes a process that 

can be used to address the safety of non-motorized users. It provides a concise "toolbox" of resources and information for 

addressing non-motorized safety concerns, and provides evaluation methods for locally-implemented initiatives to address the safety 

of non-motorized users.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources guidance 2012

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/l

ocal_rural/trai

ning/fhwasa0

10413/ n/a Free

Nonmotorized 

Transportation Pilot 

Program Final Report

Section 1807 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) P.L. 109-59 

established the Nonmotorized Transportation Pilot Program (NTPP) in August 2005. Over the span of 4 years, the NTPP provided 

roughly $25 million annually in contract authority allocated equally among four pilot communities (Columbia, Missouri; Marin County, 

California; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Sheboygan County, Wisconsin) “to construct ... a network of nonmotorized transportation 

infrastructure facilities, including sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and pedestrian and bicycle trails, that connect directly with transit 

stations, schools, residences, businesses, recreation areas, and other community activity centers.” From its inception, the NTPP was 

designed as a demonstration program to gather statistical information on transportation mode share shifts before and after the 

implementation of nonmotorized transportation infrastructure and educational or promotional programs. The program was intended 

to “demonstrate the extent to which bicycling and walking can carry a significant part of the transportation load, and represent a 

major portion of the transportation solution, within selected communities.”

Throughout the program to date, the four communities, each with unique physical and demographic characteristics, identified and 

implemented a locally devised strategy to significantly increase the use of nonmotorized transportation, along with the 

accompanying safety, environmental, and health benefits. This report represents the culmination of that initial implementation and 

analytical effort. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2012

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/en

vironment/bic

ycle_pedestri

an/ntpp/ n/a Free

Nonmotorized 

Transportation Pilot 

Program: Continued 

Progress in Developing 

Walking and Bicycling 

Networks

In 2005, the United States Congress directed the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to develop the Nonmotorized 

Transportation Pilot Program (NTPP). The program provided over $25 million in contract authority to four pilot communities 

(Columbia, Missouri; Marin County, California; Minneapolis area, Minnesota; and Sheboygan County, Wisconsin) for pedestrian and 

bicycle infrastructure and nonmotorized programs. This report summarizes the progress and results of the NTPP from August 2005 

through December 2013, updating and expanding upon the analysis from the Report to the U.S. Congress on the Outcomes of the 

Nonmotorized Transportation Pilot Program, submitted by the Federal Highway Administration in April 2012. This report analyzes the 

results through December 2013 of the NTPP in terms of program implementation, transportation mode shift toward walking and 

bicycling and associated improvements pertaining to access and mobility, safety and public health, and the environment and 

energy. From 2007 to 2013, the pilot communities observed an estimated 22.8 percent increase in the number of walking trips and 

an estimated 48.3 percent increase in the number of bicycling trips. This report examines how the NTPP pilot communities provide 

examples to other communities interested in implementing and evaluating nonmotorized investments.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2014

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/en

vironment/bic

ycle_pedestri

an/ntpp/ n/a Free

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Crash Analysis Tool 

(PBCAT)

The Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT) is a crash typing software product intended to assist state and local 

pedestrian/bicycle coordinators, planners and engineers with improving walking and bicycling safety through the development and 

analysis of a database containing details associated with crashes between motor vehicles and pedestrians or bicyclists.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://www.pe

dbikeinfo.org/

pbcat_us/ n/a Free

Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Facility Design 

Resource Index

The Design Resource Index identifies the specific location of information in key national design manuals for various pedestrian and 

bicycle design treatments. The Design Resource Index will help practitioners quickly access the right resources and should reduce 

the amount of time it takes to search through multiple design guides to find the information they need. The Design Resource Index 

consists of three separate matrices: On-Street Bicycle Facilities, Shared Use Paths, and Pedestrian Facilities. The Design Resource 

Index incorporates national resource manuals and guidelines published by FHWA, ITE, AASHTO, NACTO, and the U.S. Access 

Board. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2015

http://www.pe

dbikeinfo.org/

planning/facili

ties_designre

sourceindex.c

fm n/a Free

10/24/2017 11 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Pedestrian and Bicyclist 

Intersection Safety 

Indices

The Pedestrian and Bicycle Intersection Safety Indices (Ped ISI and Bike ISI) are a set of models that enable users to identify 

intersection crossings and intersection approach legs that should be the greatest priority for undergoing indepth pedestrian and 

bicycle safety assessment. This TechBrief summarizes the final report which had the development of these indices as its primary 

objective.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2007

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/pedbike/061

30/ n/a Free

Pedestrian and Bicyclist 

Road Safety 

Assessments

Beginning in the fall of 2014, the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) field offices began organizing pedestrian 

and bicycle safety assessments, on-the-ground examinations of transportation facilities conducted by a multidisciplinary, multiagency team. By June of 2015, field offices from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Transit Administration (FTA), 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), and Federal Railroad 

Administration (FRA) had hosted or participated in 52 assessments, one in every State, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. 

More than 1,500 people, including elected officials, field office leaders, and representatives from local, regional, State, Federal, and 

nongovernmental agencies took part, helping advance Secretary Foxx’s Safer People, Safer Streets Initiative for pedestrian and 

bicycle safety. The purpose of the assessments was for teams to consider site-specific recommendations as well as to envision 

broader systemic changes needed to improve safe walking and bicycling. While simply conducting an assessment does not 

immediately fix problems, the act of bringing together many partners to focus their attention on these issues lays the groundwork for 

effective interagency collaboration going forward. This report highlights some of the varied and creative methods used to conduct 

the assessments. It discusses examples of both infrastructure and non-infrastructure barriers identified through the assessments; 

how specific communities used the assessments to discuss and address barriers; and resources (existing and under development) 

to support communities in ensuring safe and convenient access to walking and bicycling. USDOT guidance 2015

https://www.tr

ansportation.

gov/fastlane/c

ollaborationhelpsimprovepedestrianand-bicyclistsafety free Free

Pedestrian and Bicyclist 

Traffic Control Device 

Evaluation Methods

This report offers traffic engineering practitioners information on how to evaluate roadway traffic control devices used by pedestrians 

and bicyclists. Though presented in the context of devices meant for pedestrian and bicyclist facilities, the guidance provided can be 

applied in a more general sense to evaluations of traffic control devices in all settings. The evaluation methods report is designed for 

practitioners (State transportation departments and county or city engineers and planners) but could also be helpful to traffic safety 

students and researchers. Personnel without specialized statistical analysis skills should be able to use the report. It presents a 

detailed plan for practitioners to follow from the initial problem identification stages to documenting the evaluation effort. The first 

step of any evaluation is to clearly formulate the research question by identifying the motorist, pedestrian, or bicyclist behavior that 

poses a safety or operational problem. Candidate traffic control devices and other countermeasures can then be identified as 

potential solutions to that problem. The evaluation methods described in this report include user surveys or interviews, visibility 

studies, driving performance studies, observational traffic studies, and crash analyses. The selection of the appropriate evaluation 

method will consider cost, time, research aims, and available research equipment and staff.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2011

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/p

ublications/re

search/safety/

pedbike/1103

5/11035.pdf n/a Free

Pedestrian 

Countermeasure Policy 

Best Practice Report

Safety is the number one priority for the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and it's the agency's policy to provide safe and 

effective pedestrian accommodation wherever possible. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) encourages the use of specific 

proven pedestrian safety countermeasures that can help achieve local, State and National safety goals.

One such countermeasure is raised medians. FHWA's Safety Office has encouraged the consideration of raised medians in curbed 

sections of multilane roadways in urban and suburban areas, particularly in areas with a combination of high volumes of traffic, a 

significant number of pedestrians, and intermediate or high travel speeds.1 Another proven countermeasure is the use of 

walkways/paved shoulders. FHWA's Office of Safety has promoted the evidence-based safety benefits of accessible sidewalks or 

walkways along both sides of streets and highways in urban areas—particularly near school zones and transit locations—and where 

there is frequent pedestrian activity. This report highlights State departments of transportation (DOTs) that have developed policies 

related to these countermeasures.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2013

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/fhwas

a11017/ n/a Free

Pedestrian Facility 

Design Course

COURSE DESCRIPTION: To emphasize the importance of planning for pedestrians, the course focuses on case examples involving 

corridor and intersection design issues. Participants are engaged through lecture, discussion, video demonstrations of problem 

areas in corridors and intersections, small group problem identification, and the development of design alternatives. This training 

was developed to provide information and application opportunities to those involved in the design of pedestrian facilities. The 

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires newly constructed and altered sidewalks to be accessible and usable by people with 

disabilities, and accessibility improvements need to be implemented for existing facilities.

OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to: List the characteristics of pedestrians and motorized traffic 

that influence pedestrian facility design; Apply the concepts of universal design and applicable design reference material to 

redesigning an existing location and/or designing a new location that meets the needs of motorized and nonmotorized users; Given 

a case example, identify potential conflicts between pedestrians and other traffic and propose design options that improve access 

and safety; Given a case example, analyze the network for improvement options to meet the needs of pedestrian and other traffic. 

TARGET AUDIENCE: Engineers with planning, design, construction, or maintenance responsibilities; pedestrian and bicycle 

specialists, disability and orientation specialists, transportation planners, architects, landscape architects, as well as decisionmakers 

at the project planning level. NHI Information 2016

http://www.nh

i.fhwa.dot.gov

/training/cour

se_search.as

px?tab=0&ke

y=bicycle&sf=

0&course_no

=142045 n/a n/a

Enrollment cost 

per person: 

$700

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FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Pedestrian Hybrid 

Beacon Guide

A pedestrian hybrid beacon (PHB) is a traffic control device similar to a European pedestrian signal (PELICAN) that was imported to 

the US and adapted by engineers in Arizona to increase motorists’ awareness of pedestrian crossings at uncontrolled marked 

crosswalk locations. A PHB is distinct from pre-timed traffic signals and constant flash warning beacons because it is only activated 

by pedestrians when needed.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/fhwas

a14014/ Free Free

Hard copies 

can be 

requested 

here: 

http://safety.fh

wa.dot.gov/ped

_bike/ped_bike

_order/

Pedestrian Road Safety 

Audit Guidelines and 

Prompt Lists

A road safety audit (RSA) is a formal safety examination of a future roadway plan or project or an in-service facility that is conducted 

by an independent, experienced multidisciplinary RSA team. All RSAs should include a review of pedestrian safety; however, some 

RSAs may be conducted to improve an identified pedestrian safety problem. The Pedestrian Road Safety Audit Guidelines and 

Prompt Lists provides transportation agencies and teams conducting an RSA with a better understanding of the needs of 

pedestrians of all abilities. The Guide has two primary sections: Knowledge Base and the Field Manual. The Knowledge Base 

section discusses the basic concepts with which the RSA team should be familiar before conducting an RSA, such as 

understanding the characteristics of all pedestrians, analyzing pedestrian crash data, pedestrian considerations in the eight-step 

RSA process, and use of the Guide. The Field Manual section includes the guidelines and prompt lists. The guidelines provide 

detailed descriptions of potential pedestrian safety issues while the prompt lists are a general listing of potential pedestrian safety 

issues. The guidelines and prompt lists will help familiarize RSA teams with potential pedestrian issues and help them identify 

specific safety concerns related to pedestrian safety throughout the RSA process.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2007

http://www.pe

dbikeinfo.org/

cms/downloa

ds/PedRSA.r

educed.pdf n/a Free

Pedestrian Safer 

Journey

Pedestrian Safer Journey helps educators, parents and others who care about pedestrian safety to get the conversation started with 

children and youth. Three videos — one for each of three age groups — accompanied by a quiz or discussion and an educator's 

resource library can be used as an introduction to pedestrian safety skills or to augment a comprehensive curriculum.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2017

http://www.pe

dbikeinfo.org/

pedsaferjourn

ey/ n/a Free

Pedestrian Safety 

Guide and 

Countermeasure 

Selection System 

(PEDSAFE)

The Pedestrian Safety Guide and Countermeasure Selection System is intended to provide practitioners with the latest information 

available for improving the safety and mobility of those who walk. The online tools provide the user with a list of possible 

engineering, education, or enforcement treatments to improve pedestrian safety and/or mobility based on user input about a specific 

location.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2013

http://pedbike

safe.org/PED

SAFE/ n/a Free

Pedestrian Safety 

Guide for Transit 

Agencies

The guide is intended to provide transit agency staff with an easy-to-use resource for improving pedestrian safety. The guide 

includes a variety of approaches to address common pedestrian safety issues that are likely to arise near transit stations, bus stops, 

and other places where transit (bus or rail) is operated. It provides references to publications, guides and other tools to identify 

pedestrian safety problems. Descriptions of engineering, education and enforcement programs that have been effectively applied by 

transit agencies are included as well as background information about pedestrian safety and access to transit.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2008

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/ped

_transit/ped_t

ransguide/ab

out.cfm Free Free

Hard copies 

can be 

requested 

here: 

http://safety.fh

wa.dot.gov/ped

_bike/ped_bike

_order/

Pedestrian Safety 

Strategic Plan 

Recommendations for 

Research and Product 

Development

Pedestrian fatalities continue to be a major highway safety problem in the U.S., with pedestrians accounting for approximately 12 

percent of all traffic-related deaths. This Pedestrian Safety Strategic Plan: Recommendations for Research and Product 

Development is based on a comprehensive analysis of pedestrian crash data trends and factors, a detailed review of more than 200 

reports and publications on pedestrian safety, and input from more than 25 expert stakeholder members. The Federal Highway 

Administration (FHWA) led the development of the Strategic Plan to address these safety concerns and equip professionals with 

knowledge, resources, and information needed to identify problems and implement solutions related to the roadway environment. 

The Strategic Plan identified 28 new research topics to address four primary categories of research needs: problem identification 

and data collection, analysis and decision making, innovative research and evaluation, and technology transfer. Detailed research 

problem statements were developed for each of the 28 proposed research topics, including the research goals, background, and 

schedule. The Strategic Plan also recommends updates to existing FHWA technology transfer tools and resources based on an 

evaluation by potential end-users. Dissemination activities identified by the Strategic Plan include event marketing, successful 

practices guides, in-person and web-based training, and software development. Recommended innovative strategies for distributing 

information include convening interactive webinars, developing a video-share website, and utilizing 3D visualization tools. 

Recommendations are made for Strategic Plan implementation, while keeping in mind the importance of interagency collaboration. 

Potential barriers to successful plan implementation are identified along with possible solutions. A recommended timeline for 

activities is also included, which covers a 15-year period. Strategies for plan review, evaluation, and updates are also included which 

ensures that the Strategic Plan will be a flexible, living document. Recommendations for research and product development are 

intended to be addressed through a collaborative approach between various agencies and offices. A cooperative effort is suggested 

to address the variety of crash problems discussed in the Strategic Plan.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2010

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/pss

p/fhwasa1003

5/ n/a Free

10/24/2017 13 of 21
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Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

PedSafe 

Countermeasures Las 

Vegas Phase 2 Final 

Report

The goals of the program are to deploy and evaluate countermeasures (that were identified and developed in Phase 1) to help 

improve pedestrian safety and walkability (and reduce/minimize risk). The intent of this program is to serve as an example of what 

would lead to the implementation of successful pedestrian safety countermeasures across the nation. Some of the countermeasures 

deployed in Phase 2 have been selected in consultation with Florida (Miami-Dade County) team and San Francisco team. This is to 

permit a comparative evaluation of countermeasures at three different locations in the country.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2008

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/ped_

scdproj/lasve

gas/pedsafet

y_lasvegas.p n/a Free

PedSafe 

Countermeasures 

Miami Dade Phase 2 

Final Report

This report presents the methods and key findings from the Miami‐Dade comprehensive pedestrian safety planning and engineering 

project. It is one of three such projects in the nation funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to evaluate:

In Phase I: The effectiveness of a pedestrian safety plan to target higher‐injury areas;

In Phase II: The implementation of a range of mostly low‐to‐moderate‐cost, innovative engineering safety improvements.

This report concentrates on the Phase II countermeasure implementation efforts, minimizing duplication with earlier reports, and 

focusing primarily on the experience and overall lessons learned.

This project had three primary goals:

1.) The installation of pedestrian countermeasures;

2.) The scientific evaluation of the countermeasures in order to determine their efficacy; and

3.) To produce a significant crash reduction along the treated high crash corridors.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2008

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/ped_

scdproj/miami

/ch1.cfm n/a Free

PedSafe 

Countermeasures San 

FransicoPhase 2 Final 

Report

This report presents the methods and key findings from San Francisco PedSafe, a comprehensive pedestrian safety planning and 

engineering project. It is one of three such projects in the nation funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to evaluate:

In Phase I: The effectiveness of a pedestrian safety plan targeted to higher-injury areas;

In Phase II: The implementation of a range of mostly low-to-moderate-cost, innovative safety improvements.

This report concentrates on the Phase II countermeasure implementation efforts, minimizing duplication with earlier reports, and 

focusing primarily on the implementation experience and overall lessons learned. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2008

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/ped_

scdproj/sf/pe

dsafety_sf.pd

f n/a Free

Planning and Designing 

for Pedestrian Safety

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The Planning and Designing for Pedestrian Safety is a combination of the information from the 2-day 

"Developing a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan" (NHI-380089) and 2-day "Designing for Pedestrian Safety" (NHI-380090) course. This 

comprehensive course is designed to help state and local officials learn "HOW TO" address pedestrian safety issues in the 

development of a pedestrian safety action plan, and specific programs and activities tailored to their community. It is also intended to 

assist agencies in the further enhancement of their existing pedestrian safety plan, programs, and activities, including involving 

partners and stakeholders, collecting and analyzing data and information, prioritizing issues and concerns, selecting and 

implementing an optimal combination of education, enforcement, engineering strategies. This course goes into more detail on 

engineering strategies than the "Developing a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan" (NHI-380089) course. This course includes two field 

exercises in the application of the principles, concepts, and strategies covered in the course. Also the participants will share and 

prioritize potential policies, programs, and strategies.

OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to: Describe the role that planning and street design play in 

pedestrian safety; Demonstrate how pedestrians should be considered and provided for during the planning, design, work zone 

maintenance, and operations phases of the pedestrian safety action plan; Describe how human behavior issues related to 

pedestrians and drivers interacting safely and common pedestrian crash types; Identify good practices and effective solutions to 

enhance pedestrian safety and accessibility; Explain the significance of land-use, street connectivity, and site design in helping to 

make a safer pedestrian environment; Recognize human behavior issues related to pedestrians and drivers interacting safely and 

common pedestrian crash types; Collect and analyze data in a meaningful way to identify safety deficiencies and priorities for 

improvement; Employ commonly used and effective pedestrian crash countermeasures; Effectively involve stakeholders to create 

publicly supported and trusted policies, programs, and projects.

TARGET AUDIENCE: Engineers, planners, traffic safety and enforcement professionals, public health and injury prevention 

professionals, and decision-makers who have the responsibility of improving pedestrian safety at the state or local level. NHI Information 2009

http://www.nh

i.fhwa.dot.gov

/training/cour

se_search.as

px?tab=0&ke

y=380091&co

urse_no=380

091&res=1 n/a n/a

Enrollment cost 

per person: 

$530

PLANSAFE: 

Forecasting the Safety 

Impacts of SocioDemographic Changes 

and Safety 

Countermeasures

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) CRP-CD-78 provides safety forecasting software and 

accompanying guidance that is designed to help independently forecast the safety impacts of changes in socio-demographics and 

safety investments, both engineering and behavioral.

NCHRP 

Resources Guidance 2011

http://www.trb

.org/Main/Blu

rbs/163790.a

spx n/a Free

PlanWorks

PlanWorks: Better planning. Better projects. is a web resource that supports collaborative decision-making in transportation 

planning and project development. PlanWorks is built around key decision points in long-range planning, programming, corridor 

planning, and environmental review. PlanWorks suggests when and how to engage cross-disciplinary partners and stakeholder 

groups. This system can help build consensus throughout these processes.

PlanWorks has four major components:

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2017

https://fhwaa

pps.fhwa.dot.

gov/planwork

s/ n/a Free

10/24/2017 14 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Primer on Safety 

Performance Measures 

for the Transportation 

Planning Process

This Primer is a tool to help State and local practitioners, transportation planners, and decision-makers identify, select, and use 

safety performance measures as a part of the transportation planning process. The Primer draws from current literature, professional 

experience, and State DOT and MPO practice. Key elements of the Primer include: a definition of performance measures; a step-bystep description and flowchart showing how safety performance measures can be identified and integrated into the transportation 

planning process; characteristics of effective performance measures; a checklist to assess an organization's current status with 

respect to the use of safety performance measures in the transportation planning and decision-making process; a list of references; 

and case studies of noteworthy practice.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2009

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/t

sp/fhwahep0

9043/ n/a Free

Promoting Pedestrian 

and Bicyclist Safety to 

Hispanic Audiences

This marketing plan, which uses available reference materials and additional research in the form of focus group session results, 

showcases a strategy for marketing pedestrian and bicycle safety issues/concerns to different Hispanic populations in the United 

States.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2005

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/hisp

anic/ n/a Free

Proven Safety 

Countermeasures Best 

Practices and 

Recommendations 

Reports

In January 2012, FHWA issued a “Guidance Memorandum on Promoting the Implementation of Proven Safety Countermeasures”. 

This guidance takes into consideration the latest safety research to advance a group of countermeasures that have shown great 

effectiveness in improving safety. Safety practitioners are encouraged to consider this set of countermeasures that are researchproven, but not widely applied on a national basis.

 Each fact sheet provides more detailed descriptions, related research studies, and evaluations of each of these countermeasures. 

Further information on each countermeasure can also be found at the Crash Modification Factors Clearinghouse 

(http://www.cmfclearinghouse.org/).

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2012

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

provencounte

rmeasures/ n/a Free

Public Right-of-Way 

Accessibility Guidelines 

(PROWAG)

The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board is proposing accessibility guidelines for the design, construction, 

and alteration of pedestrian facilities in the public right-of-way. The guidelines ensure that sidewalks, pedestrian street crossings, 

pedestrian signals, and other facilities for pedestrian circulation and use constructed or altered in the public right-of-way by state 

and local governments are readily accessible to and usable by pedestrians with disabilities. When the guidelines are adopted, with 

or without additions and modifications, as accessibility standards in regulations issued by other federal agencies implementing the 

Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Architectural Barriers Act, compliance with the 

accessibility standards is mandatory.

Access 

Board Guidance 2011

http://www.ac

cessboard.gov/gui

delines-andstandards/str

eetssidewalks/pu

blic-rights-ofway/proposedrights-of-wayguidelines n/a Free

Recommended Design 

Guidelines to 

Accommodate 

Pedestrians and 

Bicycles at 

Interchanges

The final version of Recommended Design Guidelines to Accommodate Pedestrians and Bicycles at Interchanges (RP-039) has 

been approved for publication. It is currently being balloted with the ITE board of direction and if approved, copies of the final 

recommended practice will be made available. 

While some local and regional jurisdictions have recommended practices on interchange designs that accommodate pedestrians 

and bicyclists, currently there is not a collection of consensus best practices available in the United States or Canada. In response, 

the ITE Pedestrian and Bicycle Council initiated a series of interactive workshops over the course of three consecutive years from 

2008 to 2010 to discuss interchange design issues and opportunities with regard to pedestrian and bicyclist safety and 

accommodation. The ITE Traffic Engineering Council served as a co-sponsor of these workshops. At the conclusion of the fourth 

debrief workshop, the Pedestrian and Bicycle Council Executive Committee made a decision to develop a report that would 

document the consensus recommendations from the workshops in an effort to improve pedestrian and bicyclist safety and 

accommodation at interchanges. 

This ITE report compiles design guidelines for accommodating pedestrians and bicyclists at interchanges with respect to safety and 

accessibility. The guidelines identify specific dimensions, safety features, signage, pavement markings, design geometries, and 

other treatments. These best practices may provide insight into future updates of statewide or federal highway design manuals. ITE Guidance 2014

http://ecomm

erce.ite.org/I

MIS/ItemDetai

l?iProductCo

de=RP-039 $43.75 n/a

Member price 

of $35

Resident’s Guide for 

Creating Safer 

Communities for 

Walking and Biking

This guide is intended to assist residents, parents, community association members, and others in getting involved in making 

communities safer for pedestrians and bicyclists. The guide includes facts, ideas, and resources to help residents learn about traffic 

problems that affect pedestrians and bicyclists and to find ways to help address these problems and promote safety among all road 

users. The guide includes information on identifying problems, taking action to address pedestrian and bicycle concerns, finding 

solutions to improve safety, and resources to get additional information.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2015

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

PED_BIKE/pe

d_cmnity/ped

_walkguide/in

dex.cfm Free Free

Hard copies 

can be 

requested 

here: 

http://safety.fh

wa.dot.gov/ped

_bike/ped_bike

_order/

10/24/2017 15 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Road Diet Case Studies

Improving safety is a top priority for the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) remains 

committed to reducing highway fatalities and serious injuries on our Nation’s roadways through the use of proven safety 

countermeasures, including Road Diets. Along with the development of the Road Diet Informational Guide, the FHWA Office of 

Safety commissioned a series of 24 case studies highlighting Road Diet implementations throughout the United States. The aim of 

this document is to provide State and local agencies and Tribal governments with examples and advice that can assist them in 

planning and implementing Road Diets in their own jurisdictions.

Many of the concepts described in this publication are illustrated in photographs and drawings. The drawings are for illustrative 

purposes only; they are not to scale and should not be used for design purposes. It is important to note that the lettering styles, 

arrows and symbols used in these case studies are not always consistent with those prescribed in the Manual on Uniform Traffic 

Control Devices (MUTCD). When employing treatments included in the case studies, only MUTCD-approved lettering styles, arrows 

and symbols should be used. Additionally, any highway agency wishing to implement a treatment that has not been included in the 

most recent edition of the MUTCD must request experimentation approval from the FHWA.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2015

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/r

oad_diets/cas

e_studies/ n/a Free

Road Diet Desk 

Reference

The Road Diet Desk Reference is a resource to assist transportation agencies during their decision-making process in regards to 

considering, implementing, and evaluating Road Diet conversions. The information in the document is derived from the Road Diet 

Informational Guide.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2015

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/r

oad_diets/des

k_ref/ n/a Free

Road Diet Informational 

Guide

A classic Road Diet converts an existing four-lane undivided roadway segment to a three-lane segment consisting of two through 

lanes and a center two-way left turn lane (TWLTL). A Road Diet improves safety by including a protected left-turn lane for mid-block 

left-turning motorists, reducing crossing distance for pedestrians, and reducing travel speeds that decrease crash severity. 

Additionally, the Road Diet provides an opportunity to allocate excess roadway width to other purposes, including bicycle lanes, onstreet parking, or transit stops. This Informational Guide includes safety, operational, and quality of life considerations from research 

and practice, and guides readers through the decision-making process to determine if Road Diets are a good fit for a certain corridor. 

It also provides design guidance and encourages post-implementation evaluation.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/r

oad_diets/info

_guide/ n/a Free

Road Safety Audits 

(RSAs)

A Road Safety Audit (RSA) is the formal safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an 

independent, multidisciplinary team. It qualitatively estimates and reports on potential road safety issues and identifies opportunities 

for improvements in safety for all road users. The FHWA works with State and local jurisdictions and Tribal Governments to integrate 

RSAs into the project development process for new roads and intersections, and also encourages RSAs on existing roads and 

intersections.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/r

sa/ n/a Free

Roadside Design 

Guide, 4th Edition 

The Roadside Design Guide presents a synthesis of current information and operating practices related to roadside safety and is 

written in dual units—metric and U.S. Customary.

The guide is intended to be used as a resource document from which individual highway agencies can develop standards and 

policies. It includes a synthesis of current information and operating practices related to roadside safety. It focuses on safety 

treatments that can minimize the likelihood of serious injuries when a motorist leaves the roadway. This guide was written for use by 

design engineers and professionals involved in roadside safety and is considered a significant toll that combines current research 

with practical experience.

The 2011 edition of the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide has been updated to include hardware that has met the evaluation criteria 

contained in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety 

Performance Evaluation of Highway Features and begins to detail the most current evaluation criteria contained under the Manual 

for Assessing Safety Hardware, 2009 (MASH). For the most part, roadside hardware tested and accepted under older guidelines that 

are no longer applicable has not been excluded in this edition. AASHTO Guidance 2011

https://bookst

ore.transporta

tion.org/collec

tion_detail.as

px?ID=105 $218.00 $182.00

Member price 

of $168 (hard 

copy) and $140 

(electronic)

Roadway Safety Data 

Dashboards

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2017

https://rspcb.

safety.fhwa.d

ot.gov/safety

cop.aspx

Rumble Strips and 

Rumble Stripes

Safe accommodation of all road users can be considered when designing and applying rumble strips. Rumble strips are primarily a 

safety device for passenger vehicles. For other road users, particularly bicyclists, they may cause concerns. A part of the success in 

accommodating the variety of road users present on our roadways is the use of flexibility in the design and placement of rumble 

strips.

To fulfill their purpose, tires must drop into the rumble and cause enough vibration or noise inside the vehicle to get the driver's 

attention. There are opportunities to reduce the impacts of rumble strips on other road users by adjusting dimensions and location. 

This section explores information about how to accommodate all road users with effective rumble strip design and implementation. 

Coordination with local bicycling organizations is highly recommended when developing policies and projects.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2017

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/r

oadway_dept/

pavement/ru

mble_strips/a

ccommodatin

g-allusers.cfm n/a Free

10/24/2017 16 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Safe Routes to School 

Online Guide

This guide is a comprehensive online reference manual designed to support the development of Safe Routes to School (SRTS) 

programs. It provides links to other SRTS publications and training resources. Readers of the online guide can pick and choose 

specific topics based on their interests and needs, such as guidelines for adult school crossing guards, tools to create school route 

maps, and ways to include children with disabilities in SRTS initiatives.

One of the basic tenets of pedestrian and bicycle safety is that to be effective, safety programs must be comprehensive – involving 

engineering, education, enforcement and evaluation. The online guide supports that premise by providing “one-stop shopping” on 

all aspects of SRTS. Plus it adds additional elements that apply to school programs, such as motivating students to walk and 

bicycle to school – or “encouragement”.

This online guide contains several chapters. Each chapter is subdivided into sections. The sections within each chapter are easily 

identified with sub-links. Simply click on each sub-link within a chapter and you will enter a particular section. USDOT Guidance 2015

http://guide.s

aferoutesinfo.

org/ n/a Free

Safe Routes to School 

Toolkit

In August 2000, the Marin County Bicycle Coalition and Walk Boston, with funding from the National Highway Traffic Safety 

Administration (NHTSA), began to develop a national model Safe Routes to School program. To demonstrate the benefits of the 

Safe Routes to School program, the Marin County Bicycle Coalition recruited nine pilot schools in four locations. Each school 

received guidance, forms, newsletters, and other promotional materials. A transportation engineer was hired to assist in developing 

plans to increase safety on routes to school. Every school held periodic Walk and Bike to School Days and participated in the 

Frequent Rider Miles contest which rewarded children who came to school walking, biking, by carpool, or by bus. At the end of the 

pilot program there was a 57% increase in the number of children walking and biking to school and a 29% decrease in the number 

of children arriving by car (those not in a carpool). This toolkit resulted from the experiences of the Marin County pilot program and 

from other Safe Routes to School programs in the United States, in the Canadian province of British Columbia, and in the United 

Kingdom. NHTSA Guidance 2002

http://www.nh

tsa.gov/peopl

e/injury/pedbi

mot/bike/SafeRoutes2002/toc.html n/a Free

Safety Analyst

Safety Analyst is a set of software tools used by state and local highway agencies for highway safety management. Safety Analyst 

implements state-of-the-art analytical procedures for use in the decision-making process to identify and manage a systemwide 

program of site-specific improvements to enhance highway safety by cost-effective means. The software automates procedures to 

assist highway agencies in implementing the six main steps of the highway safety management process, including: network 

screening, diagnosis, countermeasure selection, economic appraisal, priority ranking, and countermeasure evaluation. Safety 

Analyst was developed as a cooperative effort by FHWA and participating state and local agencies. The software is available for 

licensing as an AASHTOWare product. AASHTO Guidance 2015

http://www.sa

fetyanalyst.or

g/ n/a $15,000.00 annual fee

Safety Effects of 

Marked versus 

Unmarked Crosswalks 

at Uncontrolled 

Locations: Final Report 

and Recommended 

Guidelines

Pedestrians are legitimate users of the transportation system, and they should, therefore, be able to use this system safely. 

Pedestrian needs in crossing streets should be identified, and appropriate solutions should be selected to improve pedestrian safety 

and access. Deciding where to mark crosswalks is only one consideration in meeting that objective. The purpose of this study was to 

determine whether marked crosswalks at uncontrolled locations are safer than unmarked crosswalks under various traffic and 

roadway conditions. Another objective was to provide recommendations on how to provide safer crossings for pedestrians. This 

study involved an analysis of 5 years of pedestrian crashes at 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 unmarked comparison sites. All 

sites in this study had no traffic signal or stop sign on the approaches. Detailed data were collected on traffic volume, pedestrian 

exposure, number of lanes, median type, speed limit, and other site variables. Poisson and negative binomial regressive models 

were used. The study results revealed that on two-lane roads, the presence of a marked crosswalk alone at an uncontrolled location 

was associated with no difference in pedestrian crash rate, compared to an unmarked crosswalk. Further, on multilane roads with 

traffic volumes above about 12,000 vehicles per day, having a marked crosswalk alone (without other substantial improvements) was 

associated with a higher pedestrian crash rate (after controlling for other site factors) compared to an unmarked crosswalk. Raised 

medians provided significantly lower pedestrian crash rates on multilane roads, compared to roads with no raised median. Older 

pedestrians had crash rates that were high relative to their crossing exposure. More substantial improvements were recommended to 

provide for safer pedestrian crossings on certain roads, such as adding traffic signals with pedestrian signals when warranted, 

providing raised medians, speed-reducing measures, and others.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2005

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/04100/0410

0.pdf n/a Free

School Site Planning, 

Design and 

Transportation

This report provides information to aid school and local officials, engineers, architects, planners, and developers in creating 

walkable, community-based schools. A major emphasis is on the design of new schools for maximum walkability, traffic safety, and 

efficiency. This report also addresses these issues for the improvement or redevelopment of existing school sites. ITE Guidance 2013

http://ecomm

erce.ite.org/I

MIS/ItemDetai

l?iProductCo

de=IR-137 $43.75 $31.50

Member price 

of $35 ($25 for 

e copy)

10/24/2017 17 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Separated Bike Lane 

Planning and Design 

Guide

This Separated Bike Lane Planning and Design Guide outlines planning considerations for separated bike lanes (also sometimes 

called “cycle tracks” or “protected bike lanes”) and provides a menu of design options covering typical one and two-way scenarios. It 

highlights different options for providing separation, while also documenting midblock design considerations for driveways, transit 

stops, accessible parking, and loading zones. It provides detailed intersection design information covering topics such as turning 

movement operations, signalization, signage, and on-road markings. Case studies highlight best practices and lessons learned 

throughout the document. The Guide consolidates lessons learned from practitioners designing and implementing separated bike 

lanes throughout the U.S. It attempts to capture the current state of practice, while still recognizing that the understanding of this 

facility type is still evolving and that there is a need for design flexibility. To encourage continued development and refinement of 

techniques, the guide identifies specific data elements to collect before and after implementation to enable future analysis across 

facilities in different communities. It identifies potential future research, highlights the importance of ongoing peer exchange and 

capacity building, and emphasizes the need to create holistic ways to evaluate the performance of a separated bike lane.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2015

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/e

nvironment/bi

cycle_pedestr

ian/publicatio

ns/separated

_bikelane_pd

g/page00.cfm n/a Free

Separated Bikeways

The purpose of this report, developed by the ITE Pedestrian and Bicycle Council, is to present existing information about separated 

bikeways, consider the current and potential utility of separated bikeways in the United States and Canada, and promote the 

development of research statements for further investigation of the application, safety, and mobility performance of separated 

bikeways. Separated bikeways are one- or two-way exclusive bikeways parallel to the roadway yet physically separated from moving 

traffic by different vertical buffers. Separated bikeways are distinct from shared use paths, which are intended for bicycles and 

pedestrians. They also differ from bicycle lanes, which are on-street bicycle facilities separated from adjacent motor vehicles through 

the use of simple pavement markings and signage. This report does not address conventional bicycle lanes nor buffered bicycle 

lanes (conventional lanes with a designated buffer space between bicyclists and vehicles).

Specifically, this report: Identifies some of the locations, designs, and operational attributes of separated bikeway facilities already 

constructed, including examples of European design practices;

Summarizes safety studies that have been conducted on these facilities; and Presents the need for additional research that could 

assist in the development of guidelines and standards for the construction of these facilities where appropriate in the U.S. and 

Canada. ITE Guidance 2013

http://ecomm

erce.ite.org/I

MIS/ItemDetai

l?iProductCo

de=IR-135 $43.75 $31.50

Member price 

of $35 ($25 for 

e copy)

Shared-Use Path Level 

of Service Calculator

Shared-use paths are becoming increasingly busy in many places in the United States. Path designers and operators need 

guidance on how wide to make new or rebuilt paths and whether to separate the different types of users. The current guidance is 

not very specific, has not been calibrated to conditions in the United States, and does not accommodate the range of modes found 

on a typical U.S. path. The purpose of this project was to develop a level of service (LOS) estimation method for shared-use paths 

that overcomes these limitations. The research included the development of the theory of traffic flow on a path, an extensive effort to 

collect data on path operations, and a survey during which path users expressed their degree of satisfaction with the paths shown 

on a series of videos.

Based on the theory developed and the data collected, the researchers developed an LOS estimation method for bicyclists that 

requires minimal input and produces a simple and useful result. The method requires only four inputs from the user: One-way user 

volume in the design hour, mode split percentages, trail width, and presence or absence of a centerline. Factors involved in the 

estimation of an LOS for a path include the number of times a typical bicyclist meets or passes another path user and the number of 

those passes that are delayed. The method considers five types of path users when calculating adult bicyclists' LOS, including other 

adult bicyclists, child bicyclists, pedestrians, runners, and in-line skaters.

This report provides step-by-step instructions on how to use the LOS procedure and spreadsheet calculation tool, which can be 

downloaded from the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Web site at www.tfhrc.org. Other products of the effort include 

FHWA-HRT-05-137 Evaluation of Safety, Design, and Operation of Shared-Use Paths: Final Report, which documents the research 

and the spreadsheet calculation tool and is the basis of FHWA-HRT-05-139 Evaluation of Safety, Design, and Operation of SharedUse Paths TechBrief.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2006

https://www.f

hwa.dot.gov/

publications/r

esearch/safet

y/pedbike/051

38/ n/a Free

Speed Management 

Toolbox for Rural 

Communities

The primary objective of this toolbox is to summarize various known traffic-calming treatments and their effectiveness. This toolbox 

focuses on roadway-based treatments for speed management, particularly for rural communities with transition zones. Education, 

enforcement, and policy strategies should also be considered, but are not the focus of this toolbox. The research team identified 

treatments based on their own research, a review of the literature, and discussion with other professionals. This toolbox describes 

each treatment and summarizes placement, advantages, disadvantages, effectiveness, appropriateness, and cost for each 

treatment. The categories of treatments covered in this toolbox are as follows: horizontal physical displacement, vertical physical 

displacement, narrowing, surroundings, pavement markings, traffic control signs, and other strategies.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2013

http://www.int

rans.iastate.e

du/research/d

ocuments/res

earchreports/rural_

traffic_calmin

g_toolbox_w_

cvr.pdf n/a Free

Systemic Safety Project 

Selection Tool

The Systemic Safety Project Selection Tool presents a process for incorporating systemic safety planning into traditional safety 

management processes. The Systemic Tool provides a step-by-step process for conducting systemic safety analysis; considerations 

for determining a reasonable distribution between the implementation of spot safety improvements and systemic safety 

improvements; and a mechanism for quantifying the benefits of safety improvements implemented through a systemic approach. 

The tool is intended for use by transportation safety practitioners in state, county, and local government agencies to plan, 

implement, and evaluate systemic safety improvement programs and projects that best meet their capabilities and needs.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2013

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/s

ystemic/fhwa

sa13019/ n/a Free

10/24/2017 18 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Technical Guide for 

Conducting Bicycle 

Safety Assessment for 

California Communities

This document describes the California BSA process and provides guidelines for BSA evaluators to conduct BSAs. It synthesizes 

current best practices and research on bicycling safety and provides guidelines for bicycling safety applications tailored to meet the 

needs of local communities in California. While this book targets California communities, the methods described are applicable 

outside California. Users of this guidebook outside of California should substitute national or locally adopted standards, practices, or 

references as needed. This guidebook is intended for use by transportation professionals, not the general public. This guidebook is 

based on material contained in the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) report, Bicycle Road Safety Audit Guidelines and 

Prompt Lists http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/tools_solve/fhwasa12018), incorporating elements from additional resources as 

deemed appropriate for California practice. It is modeled after the Technical Guide for Conducting Pedestrian Safety Assessments 

for California Communities (www.techtransfer.berkeley.edu/pedsafety/psa_handbook.pdf), produced by the University of California, 

Berkeley’s award-winning Pedestrian Safety Assessment program.

NHTSA 

Sponsored 

Resource Guidance 2013

http://www.te

chtransfer.ber

keley.edu/ser

vices/bicyclesafetyassessments n/a Free

Technical Guide for 

Conducting Pedestrian 

Safety Assessment for 

California Communities

The first edition of this guidebook was based on material contained in the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) report, 

Pedestrian Road Safety Audit Guidelines and Prompt Lists (July 2007). The award-winning California PSA Program updated this 

second edition to incorporate current best practices and the collective experience of our team of evaluators who have conducted 78 

PSAs in California over the past five years.

NHTSA 

Sponsored 

Resource Guidance 2013

http://www.te

chtransfer.ber

keley.edu/ser

vices/pedestri

an-safetyassessments n/a Free

The Pedestrian and 

Bicyclist Highway 

Safety Problem As It 

Relates to the Hispanic 

Population in the United 

States 

The overall goal of the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Research Program is to increase 

pedestrian and bicycle safety and mobility.

 The following document describes the level of involvement of Hispanics in pedestrian and bicycle crashes.

 Possible approaches for local pedestrian and bicycle safety programs targeting Hispanics are presented.

 The results of this research will be useful to transportation researchers, engineers, planners and safety professionals involved in 

improving pedestrian and bicyclist safety and mobility.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2004

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/hisp

anic/ n/a Free

Toolbox of 

Countermeasures and 

Their Potential 

Effectiveness for 

Pedestrian Crashes

This issue brief documents estimates of the crash reduction that might be expected if a specific countermeasure or group of 

countermeasures is implemented with respect to pedestrian crashes. The crash reduction estimates are presented as Crash 

Reduction Factors (CRFs). As some studies reviewed included bicycle crashes in their analysis, some of the crash reduction 

estimates include bicyclists.

Traffic engineers and other transportation professionals can use the information contained in this issue brief when asking the 

following types of question: Which countermeasures might be considered at the signalized intersection of Maple and Elm streets, an 

intersection experiencing a high number of pedestrian crashes? What change in the number of pedestrian crashes can be expected 

with the implementation of the various countermeasures?

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2008

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/ped_t

ctpepc/ n/a Free

Traffic Calming

"This Traffic Calming Web site was developed by the Institute of Transportation Engineers with financial support from the Federal 

Highway Administration in the interest of information exchange. The contents should not be construed as an endorsement. The 

United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof." ITE Information 2016

http://www.ite

.org/traffic/ind

ex.asp n/a Free

Traffic Control Devices 

Handbook 

The Handbook augments the 2009 Edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The Traffic Control Devices 

Handbook, 2nd Edition provides guidance and information to implement the provisions of the MUTCD. The objective of the 

Handbook is to bridge the gap between the MUTCD requirements and field applications. Additional guidance is provided on the new 

MUTCD requirements to clarify these MUTCD provisions. The Handbook does not establish policy, procedures, or standards for an 

agency, or set the "standard-of-care" for decisions on traffic control devices. It is meant as guidance material to assist in determining 

the appropriate device(s) for a specific condition based on judgment and/or study. The Handbook includes 16 chapters covering the 

wide variety of traffic control devices available to meet public need. There are chapters on low-volume, rural roads as well as 

residential streets. Separate chapters are provided for signs, markings, traffic signals, railroad-highway grade crossings and 

temporary (construction) traffic controls. One chapter addresses installation considerations for traffic control devices. Another 

discusses the human-factor considerations in the application of traffic control devices. The specific issues of traffic control devices 

for schools, pedestrians and bicyclists are each addressed in separate chapters. ITE Guidance 2013

http://ecomm

erce.ite.org/I

MIS/ItemDetai

l?iProductCo

de=IR-112A $62.50 n/a

Member price 

of $50

Traffic Monitoring Guide

FHWA has released a 2013 edition of the Traffic Monitoring Guide (TMG) which provides the most up to date guidance to State 

highway agencies in the policies, standards, procedures, and equipment typically used in a traffic monitoring program. The TMG 

presents recommendations to help improve and advance current programs with a view towards the future of traffic monitoring and 

with consideration for recent transportation legislation resulting from MAP-21. The needs for traffic data at both the Federal and 

State levels will continue to require that States have a well-designed traffic monitoring program to support all business areas. Traffic 

data and information is needed to assess current and past performance and to predict future performance. Improved traffic data, 

including data on ramps, is needed for reporting in the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) and there are now 

opportunities to utilize traffic data from Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to support coordination of planning and operations 

functions at the Federal and State levels.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2013

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/po

licyinformatio

n/tmguide/ n/a Free

10/24/2017 19 of 21
FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Traffic Safety Facts 

Bicyclists and Other 

Cyclists NHSTA regularly produces fact sheets and reports on bicycle safety and statistics.

NHTSA 

Sponsored 

Resource Information 2015

http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot

.gov/Cats/list

publications.a

spx?Id=45&S

howBy=Categ

ory n/a Free

Traffic Safety Facts 

Pedestrians NHSTA regularly produces fact sheets and reports on pedestrian safety and statistics.

NHTSA 

Sponsored 

Resource Information 2015

http://wwwnrd.nhtsa.dot

.gov/Cats/list

publications.a

spx?Id=13&S

howBy=Categ

ory n/a Free

Transportation Planners 

Safety Desk Reference

This report is a reference document on safety for use by transportation planners. It serves as a companion to the National 

Cooperative Highway Research Program’s (NCHRP) Report 500 Guidance for Implementation of the American Association of State 

Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Strategic Highway Safety Plan. The report describes an overview of transportation 

safety, the potential roles that transportation planners can play to advance it, a framework for incorporating safety into the 

transportation planning process, available sources that may be accessed to fund safety programs, and a menu of possible safety 

strategies.

This report will be of interest to transportation planning staff who wish to more effectively incorporate safety into the planning 

process and improve safety on their transportation systems, including state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning 

organizations, and other organizations involved in transportation decision-making. It is being distributed electronically via the 

Transportation Planning Safety Working Group, FHWA, and other web sites. 

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2010

http://tsp.trb.

org/assets/FR

_Safety%20Pl

anner_1_17_

07FINAL.pdf n/a Free

Transportation Planning 

Handbook

This is a reference for practicing transportation professionals involved with the administrative, technical and legal aspects of 

transportation planning. It is a must for anyone in the governmental, consulting and educational fields working with the planning of 

the transportation infrastructure. Written by 22 highly respected authors in the field of transportation, and reviewed by leading 

transportation professionals, the new edition breaks chapters down into three categories: basic understanding, application contexts 

and strategy-specific planning. Basic information covers legal framework; urban travel characteristics and modeling; environmental 

considerations; land use and urban design; evaluation and prioritization methods; and asset management. Application chapters 

focus on various planning contexts such as statewide; corridor; metropolitan; activity centers and site impact analysis; rural and 

tribal; transportation terminals; and recreational areas. Strategies are explained in relation to transit, operations, parking, safety, 

freight and pedestrians/bicycles. ITE Guidance 2016

http://ecomm

erce.ite.org/I

MIS/ItemDetai

l?iProductCo

de=LP-695 $150.00 n/a

Member price 

of $110

Transportation Planning 

Process Briefing Book

This book provides an overview of transportation planning and will be useful for government officials, transportation decisionmakers, 

planning board members, transportation service providers, interested stakeholders, and the public. It covers the basics and key 

concepts of metropolitan and Statewide transportation planning, along with references for additional information.

Part I discusses transportation planning and its relationship to decisionmaking. This section is general and provides a broad 

introduction to the planning process.

Part II presents short descriptions of the key products that are prepared as part of the transportation planning process.

This book has been updated to reflect recent changes in Federal legislation concerning the requirements for transportation planning 

at the metropolitan, and Statewide and nonmetropolitan levels. It is an informational publication that replaces its predecessor of the 

same title published in 2007.

This report, along with a collection of related informational resources, is available electronically on the Transportation Planning 

Capacity Building website at www.planning.dot.gov and is updated periodically to include additional topics or information.

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Information 2015

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/pl

anning/public

ations/briefin

g_book/ n/a Free

Urban Bikeway Design 

Guide

The purpose of the NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide (part of the Cities for Cycling initiative) is to provide cities with state-of-thepractice solutions that can help create complete streets that are safe and enjoyable for bicyclists.

The NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide is based on the experience of the best cycling cities in the world. The designs in this 

document were developed by cities for cities, since unique urban streets require innovative solutions. Most of these treatments are 

not directly referenced in the current version of the AASHTO Guide to Bikeway Facilities, although they are virtually all (with two 

exceptions) permitted under the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The Federal Highway Administration has 

posted information regarding MUTCD approval status of all of the bicycle related treatments in this guide and in August 2013 issued 

a memorandum officially supporting use of the document. All of the NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide treatments are in use 

internationally and in many cities around the US.

To create the Guide, the authors have conducted an extensive worldwide literature search from design guidelines and real-life 

experience. They have worked closely with a panel of urban bikeway planning professionals from NACTO member cities, as well as 

traffic engineers, planners, and academics with deep experience in urban bikeway applications. NACTO Guidance 2012

http://nacto.or

g/publication/

urbanbikewaydesign-guide/ $50.00 $49.99

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FHWA Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Reference Tool Database

Resource Name Abstract Category

Resource 

Type 

(FHWA)

Last 

Updated Link

Hard Copy 

$ E-Copy $

Availability 

Notes

Urban Street Design 

Guide

A blueprint for designing 21st century streets, the Guide unveils the toolbox and the tactics cities use to make streets safer, more 

livable, and more economically vibrant. The Guide outlines both a clear vision for complete streets and a basic road map for how to 

bring them to fruition. NACTO Guidance 2013

http://nacto.or

g/publication/

urban-streetdesign-guide/ $50.00 $49.99

Urban Street Design 

Guide Overview Overview document released prior to full guide NACTO Guidance 2012

Overview 

document 

released prior 

to full guide

USDOT PedSafe 

Countermeasures Final 

System Impact Report

FHWA awarded three cooperative agreements to Las Vegas, NV; Miami-Dade, FL; and San Francisco, CA to demonstrate and 

evaluate the effectiveness of a combined pedestrian safety engineering and intelligent transportation systems (ITS)-based areawide 

countermeasures program for reducing pedestrian fatalities, injuries, conflicts, and other surrogate measures of safety.

Each of the field teams conducted two-phase studies, which included self-evaluations of the pedestrian countermeasures that were 

ultimately selected and deployed. The objectives of the evaluations were to assess the safety and mobility impacts of the pedestrian 

countermeasures deployed through the collection and analysis of quantitative data. A wide range of data was collected. Data 

included safety surrogate measures of effectiveness (MOEs) (e.g., driver and pedestrian behavioral data), driver mobility MOEs (e.g., 

travel times and speeds along corridors), and pedestrian mobility MOEs (e.g., average pedestrian delays).

FHWA also sponsored an independent national evaluation of the countermeasures as well as a cross-cutting study of the teams’ 

findings. This report presents and discusses the evaluation results for 18 pedestrian safety countermeasures (or combination of 

countermeasures) and contains cross-cutting analyses, where possible, of those countermeasures that were deployed by more than 

one of the field teams. Lessons learned by the field teams throughout the course of the project are also synthesized and presented 

herein.

Overall, the implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive pedestrian safety program proved to be a very challenging 

undertaking for each of the three field teams involved. There were many lessons learned over the course of the more than 6- year 

project, ranging from assembling and maintaining communications with a diverse set of project partners, to countermeasure 

selection and procurement, to the details associated with the successful application of particular countermeasures. The quantitative 

results are fairly mixed and in some cases inconsistent. Nonetheless, there were many notable and promising findings from the field 

tests and evaluations that might be applied by other jurisdictions in their efforts to improve the safety of pedestrians. USDOT Information 2009

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

ped_bike/tool

s_solve/ped_

scdproj/sys_i

mpact_rpt/sy

s_impact_rpt.

pdf n/a Free

USDOT Policy 

Statement on Bicycle 

and Pedestrian 

Accommodation 

Regulations and 

Recommendations

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) is providing this Policy Statement to reflect the Department’s support for the 

development of fully integrated active transportation networks. The establishment of well-connected walking and bicycling networks 

is an important component for livable communities, and their design should be a part of Federal-aid project developments. Walking 

and bicycling foster safer, more livable, family-friendly communities; promote physical activity and health; and reduce vehicle 

emissions and fuel use. Legislation and regulations exist that require inclusion of bicycle and pedestrian policies and projects into 

transportation plans and project development. Accordingly, transportation agencies should plan, fund, and implement improvements 

to their walking and bicycling networks, including linkages to transit. In addition, DOT encourages transportation agencies to go 

beyond the minimum requirements, and proactively provide convenient, safe, and context-sensitive facilities that foster increased use 

by bicyclists and pedestrians of all ages and abilities, and utilize universal design characteristics when appropriate. Transportation 

programs and facilities should accommodate people of all ages and abilities, including people too young to drive, people who 

cannot drive, and people who choose not to drive. USDOT Policy 2010

http://www.fh

wa.dot.gov/en

vironment/bic

ycle_pedestri

an/guidance/

policy_accom

.cfm n/a Free

USLIMITS2: A tool to 

aid practitioners in 

determining appropriate 

speed limit 

recommendations

"USLIMITS is a web based tool designed to help practitioners set reasonable, safe, and consistent speed limits for specific segments 

of roads. USLIMITS is applicable to all types of roads ranging from rural local roads and residential streets to urban freeways.

User-friendly, logical, and objective, USLIMITS2 is of particular benefit to local communities and agencies without ready access to 

engineers experienced in conducting speed studies for setting appropriate speed limits. For experienced engineers, USLIMITS2 can 

provide an objective second opinion and increase confidence in speed limit setting decisions."

FHWA 

Sponsored 

Resources Guidance 2014

http://safety.f

hwa.dot.gov/

uslimits/ n/a Free

Virginia Department of 

Transportatation Work 

Zone Pedestrian and 

Bicycle Guidance

The purpose of this guidance is to present basic guidelines for work zone traffi c control for pedestrians and bicyclists. It is a 

supplement to the current edition of the 2011 Virginia Work Area Protection Manual. These recommendations and examples apply to 

temporary traffi c control zones, as found in construction, maintenance, permit and utility work areas. This information is intended to 

illustrate the principles of proper work zone traffi c control for pedestrians and bicyclists, but is not a standard. The Virginia Work 

Area Protection Manual contains the standards for temporary traffi c control zones for roadways in Virginia and can be accessed at 

VirginiaDOT.org, Business Center.

State 

Resource Guidance 2016

http://www.vir

giniadot.org/b

usiness/resou

rces/wztc/201

6_WZ_Ped_B

ikeGuide.pdf n/a free

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