Page 1 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

United States Government Accountability Office

Washington, DC 20548

January 31, 2012

Congressional Committees

Subject: Defense Infrastructure: DOD Did Not Fully Address the Supplemental 

Reporting Requirements in Its Energy Management Report

This report formally transmits our January 2012 briefing to committees in response 

to section 332(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 

20101 (section 332) and our response to House Report 111-1662 regarding the 

Department of Defense’s (DOD) energy- efficiency programs. The act and House 

report directed DOD to report on a specific set of energy issues and directed GAO to 

review DOD’s report and submit to Congress a report on our findings. A summary of 

the eight required energy- efficiency reporting issues is included as enclosure I. 

Details on our findings and the basis for them are provided in enclosure II. 

Background

The House Report (H.R. Rep. No. 111-166) directed the Secretary of Defense to 

conduct an assessment of seven specific energy issues and to submit the findings 

and recommendations resulting from the assessment to the Senate Committee on 

Armed Services and the House Committee on Armed Services. Also, the National 

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, section 332(b), states that the first 

report submitted by the Secretary of Defense under 10 U.S.C. § 2925(a) (DOD’s 

Annual Energy Management Report) after the date of the enactment of the NDAA for 

Fiscal Year 2010 shall include information on a similar list of eight specific energy 

issues.3

The first report submitted by DOD in response to 10 U.S.C. § 2925(a) after the date 

of the enactment of the NDAA for Fiscal Year 2010 was its Fiscal Year 2009 Annual 

Energy Management Report, issued in May 2010. As we previously reported,4

 

1

Pub. L. No.111-84 (2009).

the 

2

The committee report accompanying H.R. 2647, a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for 

Fiscal Year 2010.

3

There is considerable overlap between the two lists of issues, and seven of the eight issues are 

substantively similar. The one issue that is in section 332 that is not reflected in the committee report 

(H.R. Rep. No. 111-166) relates to DOD’s making a determination of the cost and feasibility of 

developing or acquiring equipment or systems that would result in maximized use of renewable 

energy sources at contingency locations. 

4

GAO, Defense Infrastructure: Department of Defense’s Energy Supplemental Report, GAO-10-988R 

(Washington, D.C.: Sept. 29, 2010).
Page 2 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Energy Management Report did not include information on 

the eight specific issues identified by the NDAA for Fiscal Year 2010. DOD officials 

stated that they planned to comply with the reporting requirement by including the 

required information in their Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management Report. 

The officials noted that the Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management Report 

would be the first report commenced and developed under the expanded section 

332 reporting requirements. DOD’s Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management 

Report was issued in July 2011.

Scope and Methodology

To examine the extent to which DOD’s Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy 

Management Report addresses the expanded reporting requirements contained in 

the NDAA for Fiscal Year 2010, we analyzed the report and compared it with the 

legislative requirements. Additionally, we interviewed officials in the Office of the 

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Installations and Environment; and in the Office 

of the Assistant Secretary of Operational Energy Plans and Programs, to ascertain 

what changes, if any, were incorporated into the 2010 Report to address the 

reporting requirements, and what challenges DOD faced in complying with those 

reporting requirements. We determined that the data were sufficiently reliable for the 

purposes of our review.

We conducted this performance audit from November 2011 through January 2012 in 

accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. Those 

standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain sufficient, appropriate 

evidence to provide a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on 

our audit objective. We believe that the evidence obtained provides a reasonable 

basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objective. 

Summary

Our analysis showed that DOD’s Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management 

Report fully addressed two, did not address one (issue 4), and partially addressed 

five of the eight expanded reporting requirements (see table 1). In some cases, it 

was difficult to determine the extent to which DOD had addressed an issue because 

information related to a specific reporting requirement was fragmented or scattered 

throughout the report. With regard to the one issue not addressed, DOD indicated it 

had plans to address it in a separate report tentatively scheduled to be published in 

early 2012.
Page 3 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Table 1: Extent to Which DOD’s Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management 

Report Addressed the Eight Expanded Reporting Requirements (Issues) Mandated 

by Section 332 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010

 a

DOD plans to address this in a separate report tentatively scheduled to be published in early 2012.

For additional information on the results of our work, see the briefing at pages 7 

through 21 of this report.

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation

In oral comments on a draft of our briefing, officials from the Office of the Deputy 

Under Secretary of Defense for Installations and Environment (Facilities Energy) 

commented that they believed the finding that DOD has not addressed issue number 

4 is inaccurate. Department officials stated that they are in the process of preparing 

a report in response to Section 333 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense 
Page 4 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20095

- - - - 

that will address this issue and provided 

GAO a copy of the draft. In our report we acknowledged that the department plans to 

issue a separate report on this issue and shared a draft of the report with GAO. 

However, because the department previously told us it planned to include the 

required information in its fiscal year 2010 Annual Energy Management Report but 

did not, we stand behind our finding that DOD’s 2010 report did not address this 

issue. DOD also provided technical comments, which we have incorporated into this 

report as applicable.

We are sending copies of this report to appropriate congressional committees and to 

the Secretary of Defense. In addition, this letter will be made available at no charge 

on the GAO website at http://www.gao.gov.

Should you or your staff have any questions concerning this report, please contact 

James R. McTigue, Jr., at (202) 512-7968 or mctiguej@gao.gov or Frank Rusco at 

(202) 512-3841 or ruscof@gao.gov. Contact points for our Offices of Congressional 

Relations and Public Affairs may be found on the last page of this letter. Key 

contributors to this correspondence are listed in enclosure III. 

James R. McTigue, Jr., Acting Director 

Defense Capabilities and Management 

Frank Rusco, Director

Natural Resources and Environment

Enclosures-3 

 

5

Pub. L. No. 110-417 (2008)
Page 5 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

List of Committees

The Honorable Carl Levin

Chairman

The Honorable John McCain

Ranking Member

Committee on Armed Services

United States Senate

The Honorable Howard McKeon

Chairman

The Honorable Adam Smith

Ranking Member

Committee on Armed Services

House of Representatives
Page 6 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure I

Summary of Section 332(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for 

Fiscal Year 2010 (Pub. L. No. 111-84, 2009)): Additional Material Required for 

DOD’s First Expanded Report 

1. A determination of whether the tools that exist as of the date of the enactment of 

this Act, including the Energy Conservation Investment Program and the Energy 

Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) Program, are sufficient to support 

renewable energy projects to achieve the Department’s installation energy goals, or 

if new funding mechanisms would be beneficial.

2. A determination of the cost and feasibility of a policy that would require new power 

generation projects established on installations to be able to switch to provide power 

for military operations in the event of a commercial grid outage. 

3. An assessment of the extent to which state and regional laws and regulations and 

market structures provide opportunities or obstacles to establish renewable energy 

projects on military installations.

4. A determination of the cost and feasibility of developing or acquiring equipment or 

systems that would result in maximized use of renewable energy sources at 

contingency locations.

5. An assessment of the feasibility of meeting the Department’s renewable energy 

goals with on-base renewable energy production rather than with renewable energy 

credits.

6. An analysis of the percentage of new construction projects subject to the 

Department’s current building construction sustainable design standards 

(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards) that include a 

renewable energy component, and a determination as to whether the criteria of the

Department’s design standards, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, 

are consistent with the overall goals, including renewable energy goals, of the 

Secretary.

7. The feasibility and cost of developing net-zero energy installations and a detailed 

assessment, by installation, of power production (including renewable energy) 

measured against energy consumption.

8. A determination of whether a dedicated funding mechanism for renewable energy 

projects for stand-alone facilities, including National Guard and Reserve centers, 

would encourage greater use of renewable energy sources both at existing facilities 

and in new construction.
Page 7 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II 

Defense Infrastructure: DOD Did Not Fully 

Address the Supplemental Reporting 

Requirements in Its Energy Management Report

Briefing for Congressional 

Committees

January 2012

Page 1

Enclosure II
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Enclosure II

2

Contents

Introduction

Researchable Objective

Scope and Methodology

Summary and Findings

Discussion of Energy Issues 1 through 8

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation

Related GAO Product
Page 9 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Introduction

The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for fiscal year 20101 House Report 

111-166, directed the Department of Defense (DOD) to conduct assessments and 

report on a specific set of energy issues. By doing so, the committee stated that DOD 

could identify impediments that inhibit installations from furthering their renewableenergy goals and make recommendations for actions to address those impediments. 

Furthermore, the committee report and NDAA directed the GAO Comptroller General 

to review DOD’s report and submit to Congress a report on such review. 

On September 29, 2010, we reported2 that DOD’s first submission following the 

enactment of the NDAA, the Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Energy Management Report, did 

not include information on the eight specific issues as required. We also reported that 

according to DOD officials, DOD planned to comply with the reporting requirement by 

including the required information in its Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management 

Report. That report was issued in July 2011. 1Pub. L. No. 111-84, § 332 (2009).

2GAO, Defense Infrastructure: Department of Defense’s Energy Supplemental Report, GAO-10-988R (Washington, D.C.: Sept. 29, 2010).

3
Page 10 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Researchable Objective

To what extent does the Fiscal Year 2010 Department of Defense Annual Energy 

Management Report address the supplemental reporting requirements mandated by 

the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010? 

4
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Enclosure II

Scope and Methodology

To conduct this work we did the following:

• We examined the extent to which DOD’s Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy 

Management Report addressed the reporting requirements from the fiscal year 

2010 NDAA, by reviewing the report and comparing it with the legislative 

requirements.

• We interviewed officials in the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, 

Installations and Environment; and in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of 

Operational Energy Plans and Programs about any changes that might have been 

incorporated into the 2010 report to address the legislative requirements, and about 

any challenges in complying with the reporting requirements.

• We conducted this performance audit from November 2011 through January 2012 

in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. Those 

standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain sufficient, 

appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions 

based on our audit objective. We believe that the evidence obtained provides a 

reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objective.

5
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Enclosure II

6

Summary and Findings

Table 1. Extent to which DOD’s Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management Report addresses the eight supplemental 

reporting requirements (issues) mandated by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010.

aDOD plans to address this in a separate report tentatively scheduled to be published in early 2012.
Page 13 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Issue 1: A determination of whether the tools that exist as of the date of the enactment of this Act, including the 

Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP)3 and the Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs)4

Program, are sufficient to support renewable energy projects to achieve the Department’s installation energy goals, 

or if new funding mechanisms would be beneficial. 

• DOD reported: DOD determined that it is currently taking advantage of existing tools as well as exploring 

other financing mechanisms for renewable energy projects. DOD’s report emphasizes that all the military 

departments plan on continuing the use of existing tools and discusses using other financing alternatives. 

For example, while some projects may be cost-prohibitive if the department must rely solely on existing 

tools, such as military construction or ECIP appropriations, other funding mechanisms such as third-party 

financing from utilities and private developers could provide the level of funding needed for these projects. 

• What GAO found: In its report DOD discusses both existing tools–such as the ECIP and the ESPCs–and 

new funding mechanisms–such as third-party financing. DOD’s report provides specific information on 

funding and includes examples of the various tools that the department currently employs, and is pursuing, 

in order to fund projects to meet its energy goals. Furthermore, according to Officials from the Office of the 

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Installations and Energy, DOD has the tools to execute renewableenergy projects appropriately by using both appropriated funding as well as leveraging other funding 

mechanisms.

• What GAO concluded: DOD fully addressed this issue.

3Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP)–An Office of the Secretary of Defense centrally managed, project-oriented element within the Defensewide military construction account that is programmed annually and represents the primary direct DOD investment in energy and water conservation. 

4Energy Savings Performance Contracts allow federal agencies to hire a contractor to develop energy-conservation or renewable-energy projects with the 

expectation that the annual savings from the project will fund the project’s annual costs. 

7
Page 14 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

8

Issue 2: A determination of the cost and feasibility of a policy that would require new power 

generation projects established on installations to be able to switch to provide power for military 

operations in the event of a commercial grid outage. 

• DOD reported: DOD considered the feasibility of a new policy to address this issue; however, it did not 

address cost. In its report DOD determined the following in terms of feasibility: 

• The department can benefit from the flexibility to decide whether new power-generation projects 

must be able to operate independently from the commercial grid based primarily on protecting 

critical DOD missions.

• A requirement to include this capability will increase costs due to requirements for new 

infrastructure, such as installing electrical transmission lines to areas on an installation where they 

would not normally be installed. 

• What GAO found: DOD did not address the cost element of this issue in its report. According to DOD 

officials, cost is difficult to address due to risk that is regional and site-specific. Further, DOD officials 

explained that the Defense Critical Infrastructure Program considers costs of a variety of resources, such 

as water and electricity, in its evaluations of how to protect an installation. The results of these evaluations 

are contained in classified assessments. 

• What GAO concluded: DOD has partially has addressed this issue in that it determined feasibility, but has 

not addressed the cost element of the issue. 
Page 15 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Issue 3: An assessment of the extent to which state and regional laws and regulations and 

market structures provide opportunities or obstacles to establish renewable energy projects on 

military installations. 

• DOD reported:The Department discussed the consideration of market and regulatory factors when 

planning renewable-energy projects. For example, the report emphasizes the importance of three factors: 

local demand for energy, local/regional energy prices, and regulatory incentives. In its discussion of 

regulatory incentives, DOD refers to several market structures, such as low-cost loans, loan guarantees, 

grants, and tax incentives.

• What GAO found: It is unclear whether DOD’s assessment included a review of state and regional laws and 

regulations, and if so, there is no explanation of how DOD assessed the various state and regional laws 

and regulations in its report. According to officials from the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of 

Defense, Installations and Energy, laws and regulations were assessed and the results of those 

assessments are summarized in a by-installation chart included in the report. However, there is no 

reference to the chart in the section of the report that addresses this issue, and there are no references on 

the chart to laws and regulations.

• What GAO concluded: DOD has partially addressed this issue by discussing market structures, but it is 

unclear from reading the report whether, how, or to what extent state and regional laws and regulations 

were assessed. 

9
Page 16 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Issue 4: A determination of the cost and feasibility of developing or acquiring equipment or 

systems that would result in maximized use of renewable energy sources at contingency 

locations. 

• DOD reported: This issue was not addressed in DOD’s Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management 

Report.

• What GAO found: DOD officials had previously stated that they would address the reporting requirements 

in their Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Energy Management Report. However, the report does not include a 

discussion of this issue. According to officials from the Office of the Secretary of Defense’s Office of 

Operational Energy Plans and Programs, this issue will be addressed in a report that they are preparing in 

response to other legislation. That report is currently being reviewed by the department with a target 

release date in early 2012.

• What GAO concluded: The fiscal year 2010 report that DOD submitted to the Congressional committees 

did not address this issue. 

10
Page 17 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Issue 5: An assessment of the feasibility of meeting the Department’s renewable energy goals 

with on-base renewable energy production rather than with renewable energy credits.5

• DOD reported: The department is subject to two statutory renewable-energy targets: one mandates that renewable 

energy produced or procured must total a specific percentage of total facility electricity consumption by 2025, and 

the other mandates that a specific percentage of electricity consumption come from renewable sources.6 DOD 

reports that it conducted a preliminary assessment of renewable-energy potential at its installations using fiscal year 

2009 data that determined the department is well positioned to meet its 2025 goal. The report notes that to add 

certainty to the assessment, DOD will need additional in-depth feasibility studies on a project-by-project basis at the 

installation level. In meeting the second goal, DOD reports that the statute has established targets, such as 

increasing renewable-energy consumption to 5 percent in fiscal year 2010, and while it has not met this requirement, 

the department continues to make progress. According to the report, DOD expects that without using renewableenergy certificates it can attain the 2025 goal, but it does not expect to attain the other goal. 

• What GAO found: DOD’s report includes an assessment of the feasibility of meeting the department’s renewable 

energy goals with on-base renewable-energy production rather than with renewable-energy certificates. DOD’s 

results are clearly provided in trend analysis at both the service and department wide level.

• What GAO concluded: DOD has fully addressed this issue. As stated in its report, DOD has conducted an 

assessment and reported its conclusion on the feasibility of meeting its renewable-energy goals with on-base 

renewable-energy production rather than with renewable-energy certificates.

5Although the statute refers to renewable-energy credits, in its report DOD referred to them as renewable-energy certificates. Renewable-energy certificates 

are tradable, non tangible energy commodities, that can be bought and sold between multiple parties, and represent the environmental attributes of 

renewable-energy generation. Generation of renewable energy in effect produces two products: the energy and accompanying renewable-energy certificate.

6(1)Title 10 U.S.C. § 2911(e) mandates that renewable energy (electric and non electric) produced or procured must total 25 percent of total electricity 

consumption by the year 2025, and (2) the Energy Policy Act of 2005 mandates that 5 percent of electricity consumption come from renewable sources, 

increasing to 7.5 percent by 2013.

11
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Enclosure II

Issue 6: An analysis of the percentage of new construction projects subject to the Department’s current building 

construction sustainable design standards (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards)7 that 

include a renewable energy component, and a determination as to whether the criteria of the Department’s design 

standards, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, are consistent with the overall goals, including 

renewable energy goals, of the Secretary. 

• DOD reported: On-site renewable energy generation at the facility level does not contribute significantly to the 

Department’s renewable energy generation. DOD plans to achieve renewable energy goals by initiating largescale, renewable energy generation projects, which are not incorporated into current Leadership in Energy and 

Environmental Design standards. Those standards are consistent with renewable energy goals, but likely will 

not significantly contribute to adding generation capacity. Furthermore, DOD is including new approaches to 

renewable technology in the overall design for new military construction to make its infrastructure more energy 

self-sufficient. 

• What GAO found: DOD provided a list of new construction and funded renewable energy initiatives for both the 

Army and the Air Force, including a variety of renewable energy projects such as solar, wind, and geothermal. 

The Navy did not submit its data to DOD for inclusion in the report. The report does not include an analysis of 

the percentage of new construction projects subject to DOD’s design and the Leadership in Energy and 

Environmental Design standards. Although DOD’s design standard criteria appear to be consistent with 

renewable energy goals, DOD informed us that these renewable energy projects will not significantly contribute 

to meeting renewable energy goals.

• What GAO concluded: DOD has partially addressed this issue. The report does not include data on the Navy, 

nor does it provide an analysis of the percentage of new construction projects subject to the Department’s 

current building construction sustainable design standards that include a renewable energy component.

7Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards – are an internationally recognized green building certification system. Green building practices are 

construction and maintenance practices designed to make efficient use of resources, reduce environmental problems, and provide long-term financial and health 

benefits through lower annual operating costs and better indoor air quality. According to DOD, DOD Instruction 4170.11 and Executive Order 13514 require new 

buildings to be constructed to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Silver standards, where cost effective. 

12

Index point for: GAO-12-79, page 24, footnote 1 for LEED definition in footnote and page 1, first 

paragraph after the word “quality” in the footnote.
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Enclosure II

Issue 7: The feasibility and cost of developing net-zero energy installations8 and a detailed 

assessment, by installation, of power production (including renewable energy) measured 

against energy consumption.

• DOD reported: Net-zero energy is a concept of energy self-sufficiency, based on minimized demand and use 

of local renewable-energy sources. DOD determined that net-zero assessments on an installation require indepth analyses of energy use, the potential for energy-consumption reduction, the potential for on-site 

renewable-energy production, and local grid modifications required to control energy supply from morediverse and often intermittent sources. DOD identified four pilot installations and several other net-zero 

energy candidate installations and reported that a more-comprehensive and in-depth net-zero feasibility 

study for each installation will be required to develop cost estimates. Furthermore, each military department 

will refine its net-zero energy installations focus based on results from ongoing and planned studies.

• What GAO found: DOD officials reported that although the feasibility of net-zero installations was assessed, 

cost was not assessed.

• What GAO concluded: DOD has partially addressed this issue. DOD’s report describes its approach for 

evaluating the feasibility of net-zero energy installations; however, it does not address the cost aspect of the 

issue. 

8A net-zero energy installation is one that produces as much energy on-site or nearby as it consumes in its buildings and facilities, and maximizes the use of 

renewable energy resources.

13
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Enclosure II

Issue 8: A determination of whether a dedicated funding mechanism for renewable energy 

projects for stand-alone facilities, including National Guard and Reserve centers, would 

encourage greater use of renewable energy sources both at existing facilities and in new 

construction. 

• DOD reported: DOD components will execute energy projects that are cost-effective over their life cycles, 

both at stand-alone facilities and those that are connected with the commercial grid. The report also notes 

that DOD has not identified a need for any funding mechanisms for renewable-energy projects beyond 

those currently available. 

• What GAO found: According to DOD officials, existing funding mechanisms are sufficient to encourage 

greater use of renewable-energy sources both at existing facilities and in new construction. They also said 

the department has determined it will have the tools to execute renewable-energy projects appropriately by 

using appropriated funding and third-party financing. 

• What GAO concluded: DOD has partially addressed this issue. DOD’s response to this issue in its report 

was not complete. For example, the report does not specifically address whether a dedicated funding 

mechanism would encourage greater use of renewable-energy sources, and it does not address National 

Guard and Reserve centers in the discussion of stand-alone facilities.

14
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Enclosure II

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation

15

In oral comments on a draft of this briefing, officials from the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for 

Installations and Environment (Facilities Energy) commented that they believed the finding that DOD has not 

addressed issue number 4 is inaccurate. Department officials stated that they are in the process of preparing a 

report in response to Section 333 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 that 

will address this issue and provided GAO a copy of the draft. In our briefing we acknowledged that the department 

plans to issue a separate report on this issue and provided GAO a copy of the draft. However, because the 

department previously told us it planned to include the required information in its fiscal year 2010 Annual Energy 

Management Report but did not, we stand behind our finding that DOD’s 2010 report did not address this issue. DOD 

also provided technical comments, which we have incorporated into this briefing as applicable. 
Page 22 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Related GAO Products

16

Defense Infrastructure: Department of Defense’s Energy Supplemental Report. GAO-10-988R. Washington, 

D.C.: September 29, 2010.

Defense Infrastructure: Department of Defense Renewable Energy Initiatives. GAO-10-681R. Washington, 

D.C.: April 26, 2010.

Defense Infrastructure: DOD Needs to Take Actions to Address Challenges in Meeting Federal Renewable 

Energy Goals. GAO-10-104. Washington, D.C.: December 18, 2009.

Defense Critical Infrastructure: Actions Needed to Improve the Consistency, Reliability, and Usefulness of 

DOD’s Tier 1 Task Critical Asset List. GAO-09-740R. Washington, D.C.: July 17, 2009.

Federal Energy Management: Addressing Challenges through Better Plans and Clarifying the Greenhouse 

Gas Emission Measure Will Help Meet Long-term Goals for Buildings. GAO-08-977. Washington, D.C.: 

September 30, 2008.

Defense Management: Overarching Organizational Framework Needed to Guide and Oversee Energy 

Reduction Efforts for Military Operations. GAO-08-426. Washington, D.C.: March 13, 2008.

Advanced Energy Technologies: Budget Trends and Challenges for DOE’s Energy R&D Program. GAO-08-

556T. Washington, D.C.: March 5, 2008.

Transmission Lines: Issues Associated with High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission Lines along 

Transportation Rights of Way. GAO-08-347R. Washington, D.C.: February 1, 2008.

Advanced Energy Technologies: Key Challenges to Their Development and Deployment. GAO-07-550T. 

Washington, D.C.: February 28, 2007.
Page 23 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Related GAO Products (cont.)

17

Department of Energy: Key Challenges Remain for Developing and Deploying Advanced Energy Technologies 

to Meet Future Needs. GAO-07-106. Washington, D.C.: December 20, 2006.

Renewable Energy: Increased Geothermal Development Will Depend on Overcoming Many Challenges. GAO06-629. Washington, D.C.: May 24, 2006.

Energy Savings: Performance Contracts Offer Benefits, but Vigilance Is Needed to Protect Government 

Interests. GAO-05-340. Washington, D.C.: June 22, 2005.

National Energy Policy: Inventory of Major Federal Energy Programs and Status of Policy Recommendations. 

GAO-05-379. Washington, D.C.: June 10, 2005. 

Meeting Energy Demand in the 21st Century: Many Challenges and Key Questions. GAO-05-414T. 

Washington, D.C.: March 16, 2005.

Capital Financing: Partnerships and Energy Savings Performance Contracts Raise Budgeting and Monitoring 

Concerns. GAO-05-55. Washington, D.C.: December 16, 2004.

Geothermal Energy: Information on the Navy’s Geothermal Program. GAO-04-513. Washington, D.C.: June 4, 

2004.
Page 24 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure II

Page 18

GAO on the Web

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Contact

Managing Director, Public Affairs, youngc1@gao.gov

(202) 512-4800, U.S. Government Accountability Office

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Page 25 GAO-12-336R Defense Infrastructure

Enclosure III

GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments

GAO Contacts 

James R. McTigue, Jr., at (202) 512-7968 or mctiguej@gao.gov or Frank Rusco at 

(202) 512-3841 or ruscof@gao.gov

Staff Acknowledgments

In addition to the contacts named above, GAO staff who made key contributions to this 

report include Harold Reich, Assistant Director; Ernie Hazera, Assistant Director; Tim 

Burke; Larry Bridges; Cheryl Weissman; Charles Perdue, and Michael Willems.

(351660)
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