3K OOK OK OK Ok

HOW TO KEEP A SAFETY PROGRAM ALIVE 1/
by
Murphy W, Bradhurst

John MacDougall, the operator of a drill press, didn't wear his safety
goggles one day and got a steel splinter in his eye. The entire plant
was galvanized into action. The word came down from on high, super-
visors called meetings, sent memos, used strong language. Some of
them posted penalties for infractions of safety rules. Others prowled
their departments on inspection tours. All safety devices were in con-
stant use--for about two weeks. But gradually the crisis faded, the
employees and the supervisors became careless. And in about two
months, there was another avoidable accident.

Most company safety programs are sound; it's in the follow-through

that they falldown. This is where the supervisor comes in, for he's
the only one who's mainly responsible for safety.

T/Reproduced by permission of the editor from an article appearing
in Supervisory Management, February 1966.

17



Hospital Medical Surgical Insurance

A District paid employee benefit program provides healthinsurance under
a Blue Cross plan. Family coverage is optional at employee expense.

Life Insurance

A life insurance coverage for all employees with the Very Good Life
and Accident Company is paid by the District as follows:

$1, 000 life insurance in case of death.
$1, 000 in case of dismemberment.
Family coverage is optional at employee expense.

Social Security

All employees are covered by Social Security. For the employee's
retirement, the law provides that the employee shall currently pay
4,2 percent on the first $6,600 of his gross wages, and the District
shall pay a like amount into the Social Security Program.

Employment Security

The district participates in the State Employment Security program
(Unemployment Compensation) for wages paid up to $3, 000 annually.

State Employees' Retirement

The District participates in the State Retirement Program which
requires that the employee pay 3 percent of the first $400 of his
wages and 6 percent of his gross annual wages over $400. The Dis-
trict contributes 9.1 percent of gross wages paid.

Nepotism and Employment of Members of a Family

It is the policy of the Board of Directors that the Manager shall not
employ any member of his own family or any relative of a member
of the Board of Directors without the Board's consent as recorded in
the minutes of official meetings. It is also the policy of the Board
that the Manager shall similarly secure permission to employ more
than one member of a family.

District Houses
The rental rate to District employees, on District-owned houses,

is $40 per month without regard to location or specifications. The
monthly rental is deducted from the employee's pay each month.

11



For the benefit of others seeking a standard sign design, copies of

the drawing can be obtained from the Office of Chief Engineer, Bureau
of Reclamation, Attention: Code 410, Denver Federal Center, Denver,
Colorado 80225.

*

f
*
*
*

OIL ADDITIVE STICKS TO ITS JOB 1/

Oils that form a tough film of chemical "ball bearings" are helping
industry to meet exacting new equipment demands.

The proprietary product is a wear-arresting agent that is creating new
dimensions in oil efficiency and endurance, The finely blended new chem-
ical was born of over 20 years of research.

Adding the new agent to industrial oils causes oil molecules to bind to~
gether forming high film strength. In addition, the substance is drawn
to rubbing surfaces forming a boundary lubrication film, one molecule
at a time.

Developed by a firm in Texas, the treated oils are: hydraulic oil, air
compressor oil, turbine oil and air tool lubricant.

Ball Bearing Blanket

The "ball bearing" blanket of molecules allows opposing rubbing sur-
faces to slide by one another with less friction.

Even precision metal surfaces are imperfect. They have millions of
microscopic jagged peaks. These peaks, grinding against those on the
opposing surface under pressure, cause an ordinary lubricant to rup-
ture, allowing metal-to-metal contact, seizure and wear,

The additive reacts with the hot, high points just before seizure, pro-
ducing a high-temperature synthetic lubricant. The high points flow,
relieving pressure, seizure and wear. The altered metal has a surface
which is much smoother and easier to lubricate, according to the
developer.

Tests Tell

Since the additive was perfected, it has been exhaustively tested. The
most significant of these tests was a radioactive wear-study experiment.

T/Reproduced by permission of the editor from an article appearing in
The Iron Age, May 12, 1966 issue.

21



Angle iron

Split rim

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welded to lug,

Broke tug--~~

Weld 3 gussets
(y'plote)

“Fuss Nute
lock wasner.

Dio. to fit
type of
wheel

WHEEL ADAPTER

(BOLTS TO.AXLE WITH STAN
TRACTOR LUGS)

F sree ptore

Ligh tensile-low hydrogen weld

Pc B'xe" Disc Broke tugs,
srondord on 8-82 ond 8-80
‘irerafe wnee's,size 56x'6,

paRD

B-52 OR KB-5O AIRCRAFT WHEEL
AND 56 X16, 32-38 PLY TIRE

ADAPTATION OF AIRGRAFT WHEELS
TO INDUSTRIAL TRACTOR



The supervisor's job, and it's a tough one, is to make sure that safety
isn't a spasmodic, sometime thing. He has to keep the workers inter-
ested in safety. This isn't easy, because safety can become a pretty
tired subject. But here are some suggestions on what supervisors can
do to make employees safety-conscious. They are based on programs
that have worked for other companies.

1. Get employees actively working on a safety program. Pick out

a couple of workers to act as safety inspectors each month. Rotate
the assignment, so that everybody gets a crack at it. Give thema
checklist of what to watch for in the way of safety violations. At the
end of the month, have them turn in a report on any unsafe practices
and conditions they have noticed. Of course, serious problems should
be reported at once. It helps if they have special badges indicating
they are inspectors.

At one company that tried this kind of program, workers reported
306 unsafe conditions in a 12-month period. Almost all were impor-
tant enough to require action.

2, Rate the safety performance of every worker in the department.
And make sure that everyone knows that safety is an important cate-
gory in the performance rating.

3. After an accident, capitalize on the natural curiosity that results.
Explain in detail what happened,

4, Publicize cases where safety equipment has prevented an acci-
dent. Some companies maintain displays of cracked safety glasses,
dented hard hats, etc., with the name of the worker who avoided
having an accident because he was protected: "Joe Blank can still
see because he was wearing these safety glasses."

5. Another gimmick is the "X marks the spot" technique--putting
signs up wherever an accident occurred. A typical sign might read
something like this: "Injury No. 12 occurred here, Joe Johnson
slipped on a grease spot, sprained his ankle."

6. Try to sell employees on the need for reporting "near misses"
as well as actual accidents. It may seem to an inexperienced per-
son that the cause of a near accident is something that will never
happen again. But if the incident is reported and studied by a safety
expert, it may reveal certain conditions that should be changed,

7, Have safety offenders prepare a written report stating what they
should have done to avoid the accident. This may stop them from

making the same mistake again, Also, don't forget that safety viola-
tors are choice candidates to serve on the safety committee.

18


ARIZONA BOATING & WATER SPORTS LAWS...

(condensed form) Chapter 3, Article 1

5-303 Any persom who operates amy watercralt ia a careless or
heedless manner is guilty of careless operation.

5-304 Wo person shall operate any watercratt or swirs in 2 man-
ner which shall omreasonably or ennecessarily interfere with other
watercraft. Anchoring or swimming te heavily traveled channels,
or blockiog launching areas shall constitute sech interference.

5-305 Ho person who is under the Influence of intoxicating liquor,

marcotics or habitforming drugs, shall operate @ watercraft. Any
passenger found in such condition is subject to 13-379, D&D,

5-306 The operator of any watercratt involved in an accident
‘shall immediately stop at the scene, give his name and address fo
the person streck or the operator or occupants of the watercraft
collided with. He shall render fo any person injured, reasonable 2s-
sistance, and promptly report such accident to the nearest or most
convenient law enforcement agency.

5-306.1 The operator of a watercraft under power shall yield the
tight of way fo any craft not ender power. Normal traffic on the
‘waterways of this state shall be counter-clockwise, Watercraft leav-
Ing the shoreline area shall yield right of way.

5-306.2 No person shall operate a watercraft a a speed greater
than is reasonable and predent under the conditions.

5-3064 Every watercraft on the waters of this state shall be
numbered by the Arizona State Highway Departmest.

SALT RIVER PROJECT LAKES

CENTRAL ARIZONA’S WATER PLAYGROUND

HORSESHOE LAKE

5-306.5 The identification number shall be placed om both sides
of the bow and clearly visible. The certificate of member shall be
available at all times on the watercraft while in operation.

5-307 No watercraft shall be loaded with passengers or cargo
beyond its safe carrying capacity.

5-308 No watercraft shall have In tow a person or persons wnless
such watercraft be occupied by at least two persons. One person
shall operate the boat and the second person shall observe the
towed person. No watercraft shall have fa tow a person om water
skis, surfboard or other contrivance after dark.

5-309 All watercraft shall camry a U.S.C. approved life facket,
buoy, or buoyant cushion in serviceable condition for each person
(on board, Any child under eight years of age shall wear 2 fife pro-
Server at all times while on board a watercraft.

5-310 All watercraft when anchored ia a normal passageway shall
from sunset to sunvise display a steady light. All watercraft whee
under way at night shall exhibit a white light aft to show 360° aad
2 combined bow light lower than the white light, showing green to
starboard and red to port.

5-301 Dumping refuse or debris on the shoreline or waterways is
Prohibited.

5-313 Penalty for violations of this chapter shall be by @ fina,
and/or imprisonment.

24

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Photograph No. 5

KK RK

15


An old city of 31,000 people, Westfield contains 100 miles of sanitary
sewers. 70 miles a year are cleaned on a preventive-maintenance
schedule. Radios in five cars and trucks help to maintain contact,

but it is expected that more of them will be obtained to help get toemer-
gencies faster and deploy both sewer and street equipment more efficiently.

This year's budget contains a relatively big item for sewer photography,
but whenever someone questions it, itis explained how these funds have
proved that they can save ten to 50 times their value. It almost seems
that this item should hop over the line and appear inthe credit column
instead of taking up that needless debit space.

HORROR K

POLICIES AND PRACTICES CONCERNING EMPLOYMENT

Amemorandum was prepared for use ina discussion by Burdell Curtis,
E. H. Neal, and John V. Walker1/ at the 15th Annual Irrigation Oper-
ator's Conference, in Boise, Idaho, January 18-19, 1966. It was used
as anillustration to suggest that each district should establishits own
policies and practices concerning employment of its personnel. The
points covered are presented herein as they were in the illustrative
memorandum. It should not be construed that the figures or state-
ments are correct and applicable to every irrigation district.

Your Irrigation District

Memorandum of Policies and Practices Concerning Employment

The following is a statement of Policies and Practices, approved by
the District's Board, concerning particulars of employment.

Work Year

Because of weather andclimatic conditions the District's ''work year''is
from March 1 to the last day of February of the following year. The Dis-
trict's "work year", based on 40-hour week, is 2,080 hours, an average
of 173.3 hours monthly.

Annual Leave

Annual leave is earned by permanent employees, only, andthe amount of
leave which may be earnedis governed by the length of time the employee
has been employed by the district. The maximum accumulated annual

T/Burdell Curtis, E. H. Neal and John V. Walker are Manager, Burley
Trrigation District; Regional Supervisor of Irrigation, Region 1; and
Engineer, Division of Irrigation, Region 1, respectively.



This particular 8-inch sewer line became troublesome a few years
ago. Stoppages occurred and the sewer rods labored under increasing
difficulty to break through. It had been decided to dig up and replace
the entire section between manholes, a difficult and expensive task
because of the need to bypass the flow, hurdle the water and gas serv-
ices and replace the street surfacing, until the merits of inspecting
the line from the inside were made known by an equipment company

of Newark, New Jersey.

Photography techniques vary. Some employ a television camera to
furnish a continuous record of the sewer as the pick-up unit moves
forward. Others use equipment that furnishes prints either in color
or black and white every few feet. But Westfield, N. J. chose a new
technique that literally transports the viewer into the sewer, three-
dimensional shots snapped by a twin-lens, flash-equipped camera,
shown in Photograph No. 1. The result is a 3-D record of the sewer

Photograph No. 1


Military surplus aircraft tires and wheels are available and the
wheels can be adapted to fit wheel-type tractors at a cost of about
$5 per wheel. Photograph No. 1 on page 1 is a close-up view of

the adapted tire and wheel. Photograph No. 2 is a view of the trac-
tor with a 15-foot 3-gang rotary mower attached. Figure 1 on

page 2 illustrates method of adaptation.

Photograph No. 2

OK OK OK OK

PHOTOGRAPHING SEWERS DOESN'T COST A CENT
by
B. F. Murphy1/

. . . Because it shows how to avoid spending thousands of dollars
for needless reconstruction.

Before replacing an old sewer line, check it from inside the pipe to
determine its exact condition. When this was done in Westfield,
New Jersey, it was found that only 94 feet of pipe needed replacing
instead of the entire 300-foot stretch between manholes. At a con-
servative estimate of $10 per foot for replacement, sewer photog-
raphy did not cost one cent; in fact, the net saving after paying the
bill for the investigation totalled about $2,000.

I/Mr. Murphy is Street and Sewer Superintendent of Westfield,

New Jersey. The article is reprinted from The American City,
March 1965, by permission of the Editor.


TOUGH COMPACT FRONT LOADER

(Reprinted by permission of GRIST, January-February 1966 issue, a
publication by the National Conference on State Parks, Washington, D.C.)

A new 4-wheel drive front loader capable of turning in its own tracks,
strong enough to handle 1, 000 pounds, and able to run for an hour ona
gallon of gasoline is being produced by a manufacturing company in
North Dakota, It is an unusually versatile machine which not only
handles all the usual front loader jobs but is easily converted to rotary
snow plow or fast-acting backhoe, using attachments available from the
manufacturer,

Use and demonstrations of a small front-end loader indicate it has
numerous applications.

Jack Fink, Assistant Chief of Equipment Maintenance, National Capital
Region, NPS, reports on one recent demonstration in which the loader
unloaded a carload of salt in just a little more than an hour, or about half
the time required with previous unloading methods, This speed is due in
part to the fact that the machine's 47-inch turning radius permits it to
turn around inside a boxcar. Yet it is strong enough to perform many of
the tasks often handled by machines twice as large.

The 4-wheel drive on the machine has dust free units sealed in oil.
There are no transmissions or differentials, There are double-acting
lift and tilt hydraulic cylinders to control the load.

Elimination of hand labor is the outstanding feature of the compact,
powerful little machine which has been accepted by the Government for
use by the Park Service and Job Corps, as well as the Forest Service.

This is the only front-loader known that will dump a load over the top of
an 8-foot wall yet is compact enough to fit into a 1/4-ton pickup truck.

Attachments for the loader include a tree digger, snow plows, sweepers,

post hole auger, pallet fork, backhoe, manure fork, tamper, and post
driver.

Some park operations for which the loader has special adaptability
include foot trail construction, sidewalk building, road work, excavation,
tree planting and removal, masonry hauling and general cleanup work,
Photographs of the loader are shown on the following page.

If further information is desired, write the Chief Engineer, Bureau of

Reclamation, Attention: Code 410, Denver Federal Center, Denver,
Colorado 80225.

16


regular intervals. The photographs told where the ponding began
and it is known which sections of pipe to replace.

Photograph No. 2

Next followed an i vestigation of the 36-inch sewer main under a
street. This line puzzled and worried the staff. Several sections
of the asphaltic-concrete pavement had s iddenly given way. The
underlying material had just disappeared and continued to settle.
Not only costly in terms of patching material and labor, these sud-
den depressions posed continuing and unexpected hazards to traffic.

The camera crew consider ed floating the equipment downstream in
this 36-inch pipe running half full, but finally decided to attach bigger
skids to raise the twin-lens unit out of the flow. It was reasoned that
a float could twist and turn enough to reduce the value of some pic-
tures. But on skids, the camera would alv be under positive
control.

These photographs indicated that several of the connections to this deep
sewer hadfailed. The camera showed plainly which of the claypipe risers
had broken away and settled to cause the cavities under the street.


With the compression ring made radioactive, an engine was operated
to simulate severe field conditions. The oil flowed past a Geiger
counter into the oil pump inlet. Thus it was possible to relate top
ring wear to the Geiger count of the circulating oil.

As wear occurs in this test, more radioactive particles contaminate
the oil, and the degree of contamination can be measured accurately.

The treated oil allowed only 2.7 mg per hour less. An identical oil
without the monomolecular chemical allowed 3.5 mg per hour metal
loss.

How Long, How Well

How long and how well can an oil stand up to the terrific pounding work-
ing parts must take? The universally accepted Timken test is a good
indicator. It is used to measure the load per square inch an oil film
can withstand before rupturing.

The new agent was thus tested against four major oils. Duplicate tests
were conducted to preclude error. Result: The new oil withstood pres-
sures of nearly 25, 000 psi; others only pressures of between 7, 990 to
14, 425 psi.

Field tests are equally impressive. Hauling heavy machinery was caus-
ing fantastic strains on the trucking fleet of a California firm. 'Heads
often cracked from overheating, and the engines were suffering undue
carbonization and sludging, '' reported the owner.

Stopped Cracking Heads

The new oil was then substituted for the ordinary brand of oil being used.
The monomolecular action caused a sharp drop in engine heat; heads
stopped cracking. Other ingredients helped eliminate sludging.

Other quality advances demonstrated by the agent combat other major
obstacles to good lubrication: temperature, rust, corrosion, deposits,
foam and water.

If further information is desired, write the Chief Engineer, Bureau of

Reclamation, Attention: Code 410, Denver Federal Center, Denver,
Colorado 80225,

dk ok ok ok ok

22


Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation

IRRIGATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

a BULLETIN NO. 57

July, August, September 1966

In This Issue:

Adaptation of Aircraft Wheels to Industrial Tractor

Photographing Sewers Doesn't Cost a Cent

Typical Memorandum of Policies and Practices Concerning Employment
New Type “Ditcher”

Tough Compact Front Loader

How to Keep a Safety Program Alive

Weight Limit Signs

Oil Additive Sticks to Its Job

Don't Be a Litter Bug

Arizona Boating and Water Sports Laws


40 hours weekly, particularly in the spring - and the ditch riders
during the irrigation season, the work schedule may be arranged
to put in the extra hours deemed necessary. This extra time will,

however, be at the regular rate of pay.
Hours of Work

Normal working days are from 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (including
travel time) with 30 minutes offfor lunch. Work in the field, however,
will not stor before 4 p.m. On those days when more than 30 minutes!
return travel time is required, the work day will be lengthened ac-
cordingly and overtime will be paid. On the other hand, if return
travel time is less than 30 minutes, the lunch hour will be extended
and quitting time adjusted to permit return to project headquarters by
4:30 p.m. Leaving the job in the field before 4 p.m. is bad practice
and should occur only under unusual circumstances.

Overtime:

Overtime schedules will not start until 4:30 p.m. and, in general,
will be authorized only by the Manager; overtime hours (over the
normal eight-hour working day) are shown on the time tickets,
thus: one hour extra, 4:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.

Pay Period

The District's pay period is monthly, with the wages payable on or
before the Sth B of the month immediately following. Those em-
ployees who desire paychecks twice monthly, will be issued payroll
advances about the 20th of the month and may have up to approximately
the amount of their net earnings for the first 15days of the month.

Earnings Record

The District maintains for each employee a complete and accurate
record of hours worked, hours of annual and sick leave earned, wages
earned, wages paid and leave used. These records are subject to
review during the annual audit of the District's accounts by a
Certified Public Accountant.

Payroll Deductions

Payroll deductions include Federal and State withholding taxes,
social security, and such others as are authorized by law or by the
employee.

Legal Holidays

The eight recognized standard holidays are observed by the District
and are considered as days worked unless they fall on Saturday or on

9



leave which may be carried over from one work year to the next, is
160 hours, or 20 days.

Annual Leave Earning Schedule:

First year 5 days

Second through fourth year 10 days each year
Fifth through ninth year 15 days each year
Tenth year, and beyond 20 days each year

Approval of Leave:

Annual leave is to be taken only upon the approval of the man-
agement. It is expected that employees earning more than

10 days leave annually will take about 5 days leave during
December, January, and February.

Payment for Accrued Leave:

Upon termination of District employment, any unused annual
leave up to 20 days or 160 hours will be paid to the employee.

Sick Leave
Sick leave will be earned only by permanent employees.

Sick Leave Earning Schedule:

Six (6) days annually will be earned at the rate of 1/2 day
per month.

Accumulative:

There is no limit as to the number of hours an employee may
accumulate to his sick leave credit.

Sick leave is intended to be an insurance against loss of pay because
of illness, or of accidents, and is therefore not to be used indis-
criminately by the employee. Its use must be confirmed and approved
by an employee's supervisor. It is not payable upon termination of
employment.

Working Hours, Extra Time

Daily working hours are established by the management, in accord with
the needs of the project and with due consideration for travel time and
any other circumstances affecting a day's work.

Recognizing that there are times of the year when it will be highly
advantageous for the District, for its employees to work more than


line. It provides the same breathtaking effect that your grandparents
obtained with their stereoscope on long winter evenings. Only twin-
jens cameras can furnish this depth of vision to identify even familiar

objects that often puzzle viewers when seen in only two dimensions.

The photographs of this line clearly showed the locations of leaking
joints, tree roots, cracked pipe, and grade discrepancies. They
also showed how the sediment and roots had traveled downstream to
indicate falsely that the entire line was defective, whereas the pipe
and joints in this area were perfectly sound. About $100 was spent
to save $2,000, and that makes a lot of sense in anyone's budget.

With such gratifying results on the first application, the equipment
was sent next into a 10-inch sewer. This line suffered from the
same symptoms as the first one. The skid-mounted camera moved
easily to the 279-foot mark, photographing merrily away. Then it
refused to budge another inch. Rather than calling the flexible sewer
rodder to the scene, the camera was quickly jerked back and trans~
ferred to the downstream manhole. It then approached the obstruc-
tion from the opposite side. It moved easily 167 feet before stopping
against the downstream end of the obstruction. This located the
trouble exactly, and a few hours later the photographs showed that
the only trouble with this line consisted of a few bad joints where
tree roots and sediment enter the sewer. Only these few sections

of pipe must be replaced.

Good Technique

Photograph No. 2, page 6, indicates how skids adapt the apparatus

to different pipe sizes; the twin lenses must be at the center of the
pipe to provide a check on line and grade. Good technique calls for
the camera to travel downstream as it snaps away. This provides
two advantages. Because it moves with instead of against the stream,
flow interruptions are minimal. In addition, the lenses are protected
from sprays of water that might otherwise almost inundate them. In
going upstream in the above described operation, a few photographs
were lost because of this spray, but the 3-D effect, visible from pre~
ceding pictures taken at 2-foot intervals, provided an adequate record.
Whenever the lens became wet, a coupled heater automatically dried
it off in a matter of seconds.

With a particular goal in mind, a camera was also sent upstream in
another 8-inch line. This 300-foot length includes 20 feet of cast
iron pipe under a little brook. Also scheduled for replacement, this
line suffered from intermittent stoppages and our augers had a diffi-
cult time negotiating it from one manhole to the other. Surprisingly,
the line under the creek turned out to be perfectly sound and on grade.
Downstream, however, the pipe wove up and down like a roller
coaster. Debris settled in the depressions and stopped the flow at



8. At least one company is using a camera to take on-the-spot
accident photos. The pictures make it possible to study the con-
ditions that caused the accident, and can be posted on bulletin
boards to dramatize the mishap.

9. As much as possible, try to get safety into the home. The

truly safe worker has to make safety more or less a way of life.

To develop interest in safety at home, one company publishes a
safety quiz for employees' wives in the company magazine. At
frequent intervals, a plant safety man picks one of the wives' names
at random and phones her to see if she knows the answer to the
safety question. If she does, she gets a $10 grocery order,

Supervisors can do a lot to reduce accident rates if they are aware of
certain accident facts. For example, there are accident "seasons" and
accident "hours." Generally, more accidents occur in late summer and
early fall, and during the hours just before lunch and just before quit-
ting time.

Supervisors should also remember that new workers are a definite
safety liability. Research by one of the big automakers showed that
nearly half of all its accidents were caused by workers who had been
on the job less than a year.

The Danger of Monotony

There are also specific kinds of jobs that need close attention from the
supervisor because they have built-in accident factors. Repetitive jobs
are dangerous because they can become monotonous. The worker who
is bored may be inattentive and, as a result, ripe for an accident. One
solution to this problem is to try to break up the work by giving the em-
ployee other assignments or by having several workers take turns on
the job.

WEIGHT LIMIT SIGNS

Posting of weight limit signs will be required on all Bureau of Reclama-
tion bridges. The weight limit signs are to be made in accordance with
Standard Design Drawing No. 40-D-6093 on the following page. It will be
noted from the drawing that the sign is in conformance with standards
specified by the Bureau of Public Roads.

The signs are to be placed, one at each end of a bridge on the right
side of the roadway facing traffic. The supporting channel posts are
to be embedded below the ground surface as shown on the drawing and
as close to the bridge ends as practicable.

19



ADAPTATION OF AIRCRAFT WHEELS TO INDUSTRIAL TRACTOR
(Suggestion RSMRG-65S-4)

Roy B. Wooldridge and Claude S. Ramzel of the Middle Rio Grande
Project suggested that all wheel-type tractors used in pulling rotary
mowers for control of phreatophyte regrowth in the Rio Grande
floodway be fitted with 32- to 38-ply aircraft tires to avoid the nu-
merous flats on standard tractor tires encountered by the contrac~
tor who originally cleared this land.

Experience gained during the initial cutting of the area by contract
indicated that a considerable portion of equipment maintenance
costs was for repairs to the tractor tires. The brush once cut
leaves a 4- to 6-inch sharp pointed stub which easily punctures
standard tractor tires. During the contract the minimum tire re-
pair bill was $160 for a single month plus the additional cost caused
by the tractor downtime.

Photograph No. 1

The 32- to 38-ply aircraft tires were used on a trial basis during
the first 6 months maintenance period. Their use eliminated all
flats during this period, and accordingly the tires are now con-
sidered standard equipment. The photograph on the cover of this
issue of the bulletin is a view of a rubber-tired industrial tractor
modified with protective cab and using 22- to 32-ply aircraft tires
and converted rims.


Fire Insurance

Employees living in District houses should carry their own fire and other
protection on personal property; the District insures only the buildings.

Telephones

Recognizing that it is of primary importance to the District and an
advantage to the water users to have access by telephone to certain
of the employees of the District, the District pays the regular monthly
telephone bills for the following District officers and employees:

Manager and Assistant Manager
Watermasters

Regular Ditch Riders

Foreman

Purchases of Supplies, Repairs, Etc. for the District

Although the district does not adhere strictly to purchase order methods,
all purchases must be directly authorized by the management and routed
through the purchasing officer. The invoices must be marked to show
where the item is to be used and signed by the person getting the mate-
rial. The invoice copies or tickets must be turned in to the office
without delay.

RK KK

NEW TYPE "DITCHER"

The machine shown in Photograph No. 1 on the following page has been
designed to clean ditches, laterals, and canals while a stream of water
is running or when ditches are dry. Being able to efficiently clean and
dig ditches at any time makes the machine very useful, economical and
water conserving.

The machine is built in different sizes to fit the different size tractors.
It is very maneuverable and easy to handle. It can work very close to
headgates or checks; lifts up over and continues on working in the ditch
without damage to ditch banks or headgates.

Several views of the ditcher are shown on the following pages.

Both sides of the ditch can be cleaned at the same time by using the

double boom or extension unit, Photograph No. 3, depositing the dirt
and debris equally on each bank.

12


Photograph No. 2

Photograph No. 3

14


IRRIGATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Bulletin No, 57

July, August, September 1966

INTRODUCTION

This issue of the Bulletin contains several suggestions for adaptation
of equipment to your possible needs and two pieces of equipment that
appear to have use on an irrigation project. One concerns the use of
aircraft wheels on an industrial tractor to avoid numerous flat tires
that were being encountered in the cutting of brush on the Middle Rio
Grande Project. Another concerns the photographing of the interior
of pipelines to simplify the location of stoppages and the breakage of
pipelines. These are the first two articles in this issue of the Bulletin.
A new type ditching machine is described, beginning on page 12, and
on pages 16 and 17 there is shown and described a new four-wheel-
drive, front-end loader capable of turning in its own tracks, strong
enough to handle 1,000 pounds, and able to run for an hour on a gallon
of gasoline.

Beginning on page 7 is a typical memorandum of policies and practices
concerning employment suggested for study and possible use by irriga-
tion organizations. In the competitive field of employment and human
relations of today, irrigation districts must formalize their employ-
ment policies and practices. One easy way is to set down in a memo-
randum those items which affect the everyday lives of employees of a
district. Such a memorandum can also serve as a tool of good manage-
ment to keep officials aware of constantly changing regulations. It is
good practice to have the Board of Directors adopt a memorandum
of employment at the start of each year and have it recorded in the
official minutes as part of the business of the district.

Beginning on page 21 is an article concerning oils that form a tough
film upon the addition of a new agent to industrial oils. This article,
reproduced from Iron Age, reports a reduction in wear of up to 24.2
percent has been proved by adding the new wear-reducing agent to
the industrial oils.

Two articles on safety are included in this issue of the Bulletin, be-
ginning on pages 17 and 19. The first, "How to Keep a Safety Program
Alive, "' points out that most safety programs are sound; it is in the
follow-through that they fall down. The second describes and pre-
sents a drawing of weight limit signs now being required on all

Bureau of Reclamation bridges.

The final articles in this issue of the Bulletin concern steps taken by
the Salt River Project to control littering about their project facilities.



LITTER-LUGGER

If you have a problem with litter, why not do like the Salt River
Project, try the "litter-lugger. "

DON’T BE A
LITTER-BUG

USE THIS

LITTER-LUGGER

PUT YOUR EMPTY CANS, BOTTLES AND
TRASH IN THIS BAG WHILE HAVING
FUN AT THE SALT RIVER PROJECT
LAKES-THEN LUG YOUR LITTER HOME!

LEAVE YOUR RECREATION AREA CLEAN
FOR THE NEXT GUY-ENCOURAGE
HIM TO LEAVE IT CLEAN FOR you!

THIS LITTER-LUGGER PROVIDED AS A SERVICE OF THE

SALT RIVER PROJECT

23



The Irrigation Operation and Maintenance bulletin is published quar-
terly, for the benefit of irrigation project people. Its principal pur-
pose is to serve as a medium of exchanging operation and mainte-
nance information. It is hoped that the reports herein concerning
labor-saving devices and less costly equipment and procedures, de-
veloped by resourceful project people, will result in improved effi-
ciency and reduced costs on the systems of those operators adapting
these ideas to their needs.

To assure proper recognition of those individuals whose suggestions
are published in the bulletins, the suggestion number as well as the
person's name is given. All Bureau offices are reminded to notify

their Suggestions Award Committee when a suggestion is adopted.

OR KOK OK

Division of Irrigation Operations
Office of Chief Engineer
Denver, Colorado

Rubber-tired industrial tractor
modified with protective cab and
using 22-32-ply aircraft tires and
converted rims.



Sunday. These are: New Year's Day, Washington's Birthday,
Memorial Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Veterans' Day,
Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

Private Vehicle Mileage

Employees using their private vehicles on District business which has
been approved by the management are reimbursed monthly for the
mileage driven at the rate of 8 cents per mile.

Special Accident Leave

To cover the waiting period between the date of an "on-the-job" acci-
dent which causes the employee to quit work, and the date the State

Industrial Accident coverage becomes effective as far as wage com-
pensation is concerned, a special 5-day accident leave is allowed in
addition to normal sick leave.

Accident Insurance

Under the State Workmen's Compensation Law, the employer is required
to carry insurance against "on-the-job" accidents and "occupational
disease. '' The District is accordingly insured under the State Insurance
Fund. The District's liability to an employee because of accidents or
sickness caused by his occupation, is covered by this state insurance.

This disability compensation is limited to those benefits provided in the
Workmen's Compensation Law. Normal sick leave special accident
leave, and industrial accident insurance are provided at the expense of
the district to protect the employee against possible loss of pay.

Accident Reports

Use Caution and Prevent Accidents. --But be sure to report immediately
all accidents which do happen; this is important. An accident report
protects both the employee and the District.

Liability Insurance

The comprehensive public liability insurance carried by the district
covers all of the district's activities and the employees of the dis-
trict while engaged in these activities.

When injuries or property damages are the result of the negligence
of an employee, both the employer and the employee are liable.

It is not considered necessary that the employee carry special liability

insurance to protect himself while engaged in district business when
operating district equipment or his own vehicle on a mileage basis.

10


Photograph No. 1

There are many other uses for the machine--filling trenches and
ditches, leveling dikes, cleaning and making feeder or tail ditches.

It can dig deep or just stir moss in a canal, Photograph No. 2, The
machine will work while going forward or backward, Photograph

No. 3. If siphon tubes are running on one side of a ditch, the machine
can clean the other side without disturbing the tubes, PhotographNo. 4.

Another important feature about the ditcher--it is easily raised toa
traveling position, giving road width clearance and maneuverability,

Photograph No, 5.

If further information is desired, write the Chief Engineer, Bureau
of Reclamation, Attention: Code 410, Denver Federal Center,
Denver, Colorado 80225.

13