A news update of research, technology, and development from the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT),

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

FHWA R&T Now

 

 

 

 

 

 

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

A news update of research, technology, and development from the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), 

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 

March/April 2019 

Transportation Secretary Announces New Council to Move Technology Forward 

Elaine L. Chao, U.S. Secretary of Transportation, delivered remarks at the South by Southwest 

(SXSW) Conference on March 12, 2019, in Austin, TX. 

Secretary Chao noted that the Department of Transportation (DOT) would present informationsharing sessions and host three panels at SXSW. The two information sessions were “The New Urban 

Mobility Partnership,” and “By Land, Air, and Sea: The Future of Freight.” Panels focused on 

transportation accessibility, cybersecurity, and innovations in rural mobility. 

Secretary Chao stressed that the future will see even safer travel, and transportation options will 

expand for the benefit of everyone, especially communities that have been underserved. While the 

DOT remains tech-neutral, it will also be innovation-friendly. 

In her remarks, Secretary Chao noted that new technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, “have 

the potential to transform transportation”; however, creating guidance on autonomous technology 

in cars or trucks could straddle two or more of the Department’s operating administrations. In the 

case of autonomous technology, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Federal Motor 

Carrier Safety Administration could be involved. 

During her SXSW speech, Secretary Chao announced the creation of the Nontraditional and 

Emerging Transportation Technology (NETT) Council, an internal body at the DOT tasked with 

identifying and resolving jurisdictional and regulatory gaps that may impede the deployment of new 

technology. 

Secretary Chao noted that the NETT Council will be “a one-stop shop for innovators and 

stakeholders to work with DOT to implement new cross-modal technologies.” 

FHWA Executive Director Leads Meeting with World Road Association 

Thomas D. Everett, Executive Director of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), delivered a 

welcome address and introduction to U.S. representatives to the technical committees and task 

forces at the January 2019 Transportation Research Board’s Annual Meeting. Executive Director 

Everett, who serves as the First Delegate to the World Road Association (WRA), spoke about 

FHWA’s broader commitment to transportation. This commitment, he said, affords the United 

States the opportunity to exert an active role globally on key road-related issues. 

Everett praised the work done by FHWA and the American Association of State Highway and 

Transportation Officials (AASHTO) staff who serve on technical committees and task forces. He 

told committee members that their involvement in the technical work of the WRA creates 

important opportunities that ensure U.S. perspectives are captured in WRA’s products. 
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The products––reports, guidelines, webinars, 

fact sheets, and other information tools––are 

useful for the worldwide professional roads 

community. 

While noting the important work of 

committee members and organizations in the 

final products of the committees and task 

forces, Everett also encouraged members to 

increase the distribution of the products and 

to seek ways to help distribute the products 

to the U.S. transportation community. 

For more information, contact Agnes Vélez, 

202–366–5771, Agnes.Velez@dot.gov. 

INFRASTRUCTURE 

Research Underway on Multiyear, Large 

Diameter, Open-End Piles Project 

Dr. Jennifer Nicks, a geotechnical research 

engineer at FHWA’s Turner-Fairbank Highway 

Research Center (TFHRC), is leading the 

multiyear Bearing Resistance of Large Diameter 

Open-End Piles (LDOEPs) project, which aims to 

calibrate resistance factors for pipe piles that 

are 30 inches in diameter or larger. Piles can be 

manufactured from wood, concrete, or steel, 

and are driven into the soil until a hard stratum 

is reached, which provides stability for the pile. 

Nicks notes that the American Association of 

State Highway and Transportation Officials Load 

and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge 

Design Specifications “provide resistance factors 

for commonly used static and dynamic analysis 

methods to estimate bearing resistance, but the 

calibrations are based on load tests for openend piles that are less than 24 inches in 

diameter.” With the increasing use of LDOEPs, 

Nicks continued, “the reliability of those 

resistance factors was unknown on piles greater 

than 30 inches.” Large diameter open-end piles 

are often preferred by the industry over similarsized drilled shafts and/or pile groups because 

they provide a cost-effective solution and 

address constructability and environmental 

concerns. Large open-end piles are also a good 

solution for supporting larger lateral, seismic, 

and axial loads. The final report detailing the 

study and providing design recommendations is 

expected later in 2019. 

As part of the initial stages of this project, the 

FHWA Deep Foundation Load Test Database 

(DFLTD v.2) was revamped for functionality with 

current operating system environments. An 

additional 150 LDOEP load tests were added to 

the database. Researchers, professors, students, 

consultants, and contractors from around the 

world have downloaded DFLTD v.2 more than 

350 times to date. The database is useful for 

preliminary design assumptions, other research 

efforts, and LRFD calibrations. 

Source: FHWA 

A group of 42-inch diameter, spiral weld, open-end 

pipe piles for a main bridge pier support.(1) 

Nicks brings a wealth of knowledge and 

experience to her research at TFHRC, where she 

has been since March 2010. She serves as Chair 

of the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB’s) 

Geosynthetics Committee, Vice-Chair of the 

Geo-Institute (G-I) of the American Society of 

Civil Engineer’s Geotechnics of Soil Erosion 

Committee, and is a member of various councils 

and committees, including TRB’s Hydraulics and 

Hydrology Committee, the G-I’s International 

Activities Council, Deep Foundations Institute’s 

Driven Pile and Women in Deep Foundations 

Committees, and the International Society for 

Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering’s 

Innovation and Development Committee. 

Nicks holds a Bachelor’s of Science degree in 

Civil Engineering (Structures), a Masters in 

Engineering, and a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering 

(Geotechnical), all from Texas A&M University. 

For more information on the Bearing Resistance 

of LDOEPs project, contact Jennifer Nicks, 

202–493–3075, Jennifer.Nicks@dot.gov. 

1 Hannigan, PE, Patrick J., Rausche, PhD, PE, Frank, Likins, PE, 

Garland E., et al. (2016). Design and Construction of Driven 

Pile Foundations – Volume I, Report No. FHWA-NHI-16-009, 

FHWA, Washington, DC. 

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LTBP InfoBridgeTM Provides Valuable Bridge 

Data to Researchers 

The Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) 

Program released the LTBP InfoBridgeTM Web 

portal at the Transportation Research Board’s 

Annual Meeting in January 2019. The portal is a 

user-friendly Web application that includes 

intuitive tools for finding, viewing, and analyzing 

bridge performance information. It provides for 

storage, retrieval, dissemination, analysis, and 

visualization of data collected through State, 

national, and LTBP Program efforts. These 

capabilities will provide users with the ability to 

assess bridge performance on a network of 

bridges or on individual bridges. 

The Web portal also gives users the ability to 

share data selections and summary reports 

efficiently. The FHWA’s goal is to make LTBP 

InfoBridgeTM a comprehensive resource that will 

enable researchers to develop tools and 

products that will enhance the understanding of 

the performance of highway bridge assets, 

leading to more efficient design, construction, 

rehabilitation, maintenance, preservation, and 

management of bridges. 

Since the InfoBridge release, LTBP Program staff 

have conducted two webinars to demonstrate 

the capabilities of the portal. One webinar was 

for internal FHWA Division and Program offices 

and the second webinar was for external FHWA 

partners. 

The LTBP Program is an FHWA long-term 

research effort to help the bridge community 

better understand bridge performance. The 

overall objectives of the Program are to monitor 

representative samples of bridges nationwide to 

collect, document, maintain, manage, and 

disseminate high-quality quantitative 

performance data over an extended time 

horizon. The LTBP Program is designed to collect 

critical performance data that are not available 

elsewhere and merge them with data gathered 

from available sources. 

For more information, contact Jean Nehme, 

202–493–3042, Jean.Nehme@dot.gov. 

Growing Use of Ultra-High Performance 

Concrete Seeks to Strengthen Nation’s Bridges 

Dr. Benjamin Graybeal, Team Leader for Bridge 

Engineering Research, represented the FHWA at 

the February 28 meeting of the American 

Association of State Highway and Transportation 

Officials (AASHTO) Bridges and Structures 

Technical Committee on Concrete Design. 

Graybeal delivered a 90-minute invited lecture 

on emerging use of ultra-high performance 

concrete (UHPC), with a specific focus on UHPC 

structural design guidelines that FHWA is 

developing for AASHTO. There is growing 

interest in using UHPC for primary structural 

elements in bridges. Owners and designers 

currently lack consensus guidance for this 

application; this AASHTO committee seeks to 

remedy the situation by engaging FHWA’s deep 

well of knowledge in the technology. 

The AASHTO Technical Committee on Concrete 

Design is charged with maintaining the AASHTO 

LRFD provisions related to structural concrete. 

They formally convene meetings four times a 

year. Reggie Holt, HIBS, serves as the official 

FHWA liaison to the committee. Ben Graybeal, 

HRDI, serves as an invited technical expert. This 

most recent meeting was held in conjunction 

with the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute 

meetings that were concurrently occurring in 

Louisville, KY. 

For more information, contact Benjamin 

Graybeal, 202–493–3122, 

Benjamin.Graybeal@dot.gov. 

FHWA Hosts Japanese Delegation on Bridge 

and Structures Research 

As part of the bilateral cooperation between 

FHWA and Japan, FHWA staff from the Offices 

of Infrastructure Research and Development, 

International Programs, and Infrastructure 

hosted representatives from Japan’s National 

Institute for Land and Infrastructure 

Management (NILIM) at FHWA’s TurnerFairbank Highway Research Center on March 21 

and 22, 2019. 

The meeting resulted in an information 

exchange and discussion on research and 

development related to bridges and structures 

in both countries. The focus was on four areas 

of mutual interest with potential collaboration 

opportunities: 

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1. Refinement of bridge inspection practices,

bridge instrumentation, nondestructive

evaluation, and health monitoring.

2. Design, rehabilitation, and retrofitting for

enhanced durability and preservation.

3. Guidelines and use of refined numerical

calculations for design and assessment.

4. Innovative materials for design and

construction.

The United States and Japan have a long and 

successful history of cooperation. Since 1984, 

the two countries have held bridge engineering 

workshops and technical exchanges, bringing 

together engineers and researchers for technical 

discussions on various bridge issues, such as 

earthquake protection, reduction of wind 

damage, bridge management, and highperformance materials. Most recently, on July 

16–17, 2018, FHWA with the California 

Department of Transportation hosted the 31st 

U.S.–Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop

focusing on “innovative bridge design and

preservation.” These exchanges have proven an

effective means of improving bridge technology,

safety, and best practices in both countries.

Additionally, cooperative activities have

included joint postevent reconnaissance,

especially after major earthquakes.

The next U.S.–Japan Workshop will be in Japan 

in 2020. 

For more information, contact Sheila Duwadi, 

202–493–3106, Sheila.Duwadi@dot.gov. 

FHWA Publishes Report and Moderates 

Webinar on Superheavy Loads on Flexible 

Pavements 

A recently published FHWA report examines the 

movement of superheavy loads (SHLs) on the 

Nation’s highways. SHLs are much larger and 

heavier than the materials that standard trucks 

haul. Gross vehicle weights of SHLs can often 

exceed several million pounds and require 

specialized trailers for transporting the material. 

Additionally, the pavements on which SHLs will 

travel must be examined to ensure they are 

structurally adequate to accommodate the SHL. 

To support this research, FHWA’s Nadarajah 

Sivaneswaran will moderate a Transportation 

Research Board webinar on Tuesday, April 23, 

2019. The webinar will examine procedures for 

analyzing the impacts of moving SHLs on flexible 

pavements. The procedures are detailed in a 10-

volume series of reports, consisting of a final 

report and 9 appendices. The webinar will also 

review the Superheavy Load Pavement Analysis 

Package (SuperPACK) software, a program 

developed to evaluate specific cases of SHLvehicle movements. Volume X – Appendix I 

describes the major components of SuperPACK: 

preanalysis modules, analysis modules, and an 

analysis engine. 

For more information, contact Nadarajah 

Sivaneswaran, 202–493–3147, 

Nadarajah.Sivaneswaran@dot.gov. 

EXPLORATORY ADVANCED RESEARCH 

FHWA Welcomes New National Research 

Council Research Associates 

In January 2019, FHWA welcomed five new 

National Research Council (NRC) research 

associates to the Agency. Through the 

Exploratory Advanced Research (EAR) Program, 

FHWA participates in the NRC Research 

Associateship Program (RAP) by inviting 

postdoctoral researchers with appropriate 

backgrounds to investigate specific problems on 

a short-term basis across a wide range of topics 

and disciplines. 

Source: FHWA 

The research associates are (from left): Heng Liu, 

Mohammad Goli, Sattar Dorafshan, Milena 

Rangelov, and Zhou Yang. 

The new associates and their research projects 

are: 

• Dr. Heng Liu – “Artificial Intelligence-Aided

Bridge Condition Assessment System Using

Deep Learning Approaches.”

• Dr. Mohammad Goli – “Design and

Implementation of a Model Predictive

Control-Based Framework for Vehicle

Platooning.”

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• Dr. Sattar Dorafshan – “Networks for

Interpretation of Nondestructive Evaluation

of Bridges.”

• Dr. Milena Rangelov – “Integrating Life Cycle

Thinking into Current Pavement Practices.”

• Dr. Zhuo Yang – “Initiation of an Effective

Highway Performance Management Strategy

by Integrating Multiple Transportation Data

Sets.”

More information about the RAP can be found 

here or by contacting Jim Shurbutt at 

202–493–3420, Jim.Shurbutt@dot.gov. 

The EAR Program’s Research Associates 

Program 2018 booklet contains summary 

descriptions of some of the recent projects that 

current and former NRC associates have 

investigated during their tenure at FHWA. 

Advanced Research Program Marks 10th 

Anniversary 

The FHWA’s Exploratory Advanced Research 

(EAR) Program published the EAR Program 

Research Results catalog, which was updated to 

include summary descriptions of research 

results through 2018. The catalog’s publication 

marks the 10th anniversary of the EAR Program 

providing research results. The EAR Program 

addresses longer term, higher risk breakthrough 

research with the potential for long-term 

improvements to transportation systems. 

The results of EAR Program-funded projects may 

include new fundamental insights about how 

they can be applied in highway transportation. 

These projects may lead to new research 

methods, models, or data that can accelerate 

applied research or to new system concepts or 

prototypes, including laboratory testing and, 

possibly, limited field testing. The EAR Program 

does not fund projects through 

commercialization or deployment. Rather, 

results must be taken up by the research 

community, with the support of other funding 

sources. FHWA is committed to transitioning the 

results of EAR Program-funded projects and 

takes an active role in demonstrating results to 

audiences critical to continuing the research and 

development cycle. 

Through 11 solicitations, the EAR Program has 

awarded 88 projects (19 of which are ongoing) 

involving both Government and academic 

researchers. These projects represent the 

investment of $88 million in FHWA funds and 

leverage $28 million in matching funds. 

More information about the EAR Program is 

available on its website. 

OPERATIONS 

New White House Report on Aging Populations 

Includes Section on Transportation 

On March 5, 2019, the White House Office of 

Science and Technology Policy released a report 

titled Emerging Technologies to Support an 

Aging Population. The report identifies six areas 

in which emerging technologies can assist aging 

Americans and provides recommendations for 

continued research and development to meet 

those needs. The six areas are key activities of 

daily living; cognition; communication and social 

connectivity; personal mobility; transportation; 

and access to healthcare. 

According to the transportation section of the 

report, “Movement around and beyond the 

community is key for individuals to be able to 

access social, health, and business facilities.” 

The transportation section addresses various 

stages of the aging process from the driving 

skills of older adults to examining new 

technologies that could help older adults use 

public transportation more safely and easily. 

In addition to being a member of the Task Force 

on Research and Development for Technology 

to Support Aging Adults, Mohammed Yousuf at 

FHWA’s TFHRC coauthored the section on 

transportation. 

For more information on this initiative, contact 

Mohammed Yousuf, Program Manager for the 

Accessible Transportation Technology Research 

Initiative, 202–493–3199, 

Mohammed.Yousuf@dot.gov. 

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I I 

I I • I I 

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 

FHWA Hosts “Moving Innovation from 

Research to Implementation” Boot Camp 

The first Moving Innovation from Research to 

Implementation Boot Camp was held at TFHRC 

on February 21. The boot camp focused on how 

researchers can communicate their projects and 

achievements to nonresearchers, and was 

designed to be interactive. The session fostered 

active participation by encouraging researchers 

to ask questions and share best practices and 

success stories. The boot camp included 

exercises in developing elevator pitches and 

conducting market research. 

Success stories shared by the researchers 

included effectively implementing Ultra-High 

Performance Concrete material, building 

support for the Evaluation of Low Cost Safety 

Improvements project, and creating an 

ecosystem for Cooperative Automation 

Research Mobility Applications (CARMA). The 

boot camp also included a session on the 

Technology Readiness Level tool and an 

overview of FHWA resources designed to help 

transfer technologies and programs within 

FHWA. 

A second boot camp is scheduled for May 13 at 

TFHRC. 

For more information, contact Mary Huie, 

202–493–3460, Mary.Huie@dot.gov. 

SAFETY 

New Bicycle Simulator Added to Virtual Reality 

Lab 

The Human Factors (HF) team at FHWA’s TFHRC 

launched research on a bicycle collision 

avoidance system. The study is being conducted 

in TFHRC’s Virtual Reality Laboratory (VRL) on a 

bicycle simulator, and will evaluate different 

hazard alerts to inform a bicyclist of possible 

threats. The VRL at TFHRC began operation in 

the spring of 2016. 

Two alerts tested include a visual alert, received 

through a mounted virtual cell phone displaying 

the direction of the hazard, and a haptic alert 

(vibrations received in the bike’s handlebars). 

The bicycle collision research is the first VRL 

study to use a bicycle and is a component of 

vehicle-to-bicyclist communication. 

The research conducted in the lab will use 

virtual reality (VR) technology to investigate 

safety issues relevant to pedestrians and 

bicyclists in a safe, controlled environment. 

Using VR in a simulated environment has been 

employed as a testing tool in many contexts and 

disciplines. 

A crash involving pedestrians, bicyclists, and 

motor vehicles could result in serious injury and 

even death; consequently, researchers have 

focused efforts to investigate these safety issues 

in the customized environment of immersive 

VR. Like other forms of simulated environments, 

VR has the advantage of providing a safe 

environment in which researchers can learn 

from mistakes that might otherwise cause injury 

in the real world. For example, VR has often 

been used to teach safe crossing behaviors to 

both adults and children. Additionally, VR 

environments can be changed based on the 

goals of the study. For example, in the VR 

environment, the researcher can change the 

weather from a clear, sunny day to a snowy day 

with slick roads by simply pressing a button. 

Source: FHWA 

The bicycle simulator in TFHRC’s VR laboratory. The 

bike is positioned in front of a television screen, 

which shows the simulation that a user would see 

when using the VR headset. 

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The virtual reality headset. 

In addition to conducting the bicycle study in 

the VRL, members of the HF team attended the 

April 2019 MassDOT Transportation Innovation 

Conference, the largest conference of its kind in 

Massachusetts. The HF team demonstrated the 

bicycle simulator as part of an interactive 

demonstration of the latest transportation 

technologies. 

For more information, contact Brian Philips, 

Ph.D., Human Factors Team Leader, 202–493– 

3468, Brian.Philips@dot.gov. 

RECENT RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS 

Infrastructure 

Development of Experiment Design: SPS-12 

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement 

Preservation Study 

Technical Note Design and Construction of FieldCast UHPC Connections 

LTBP Newsletter –– Winter 2019 

Impact of Environmental Factors on Pavement 

Performance in The Absence of Heavy Loads 

Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge 

System - Bid Price Analysis and Cost 

Comparisons with Alternative Foundation 

Systems 

Lightweight Concrete: Shear Performance 

Tension Testing of Ultra-High Performance 

Concrete 

Corrosion Forecasting and Failure Projection of 

Post-Tensioned Tendons in Deficient 

Cementitious Grout 

Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program 

A Performance Based Approach for Loading 

Definition of Heavy Vehicle Impact Events 

Gateway to Bridge Performance Information 

Analysis Procedures for Evaluating Superheavy 

Load Movement on Flexible Pavements, 

Volume III: Appendix B, Superheavy Load 

Configurations and Nucleus of Analysis Vehicle 

Analysis Procedures for Evaluating Superheavy 

Load Movement on Flexible Pavements, 

Volume V: Appendix D, Estimation of Subgrade 

Shear Strength Parameters Using Falling 

Weight Deflectometer 

Analysis Procedures for Evaluating Superheavy 

Load Movement on Flexible Pavements, 

Volume VII: Appendix F, Failure Analysis of 

Sloped Pavement Shoulders 

Analysis Procedures for Evaluating Superheavy 

Load Movement on Flexible Pavements, 

Volume IX: Appendix H, Analysis of Cost 

Allocation Associated With Pavement Damage 

Under a Superheavy Load Vehicle Movement 

Analysis Procedures for Evaluating Superheavy 

Load Movement on Flexible Pavements, 

Volume X: Appendix I, Analysis Package for 

Superheavy Load Vehicle Movement on 

Flexible Pavement (SuperPACK) 

Safety 

Simulator Assessment of Alternative Lane 

Grouping at Signalized Intersections 

Motorcycle Crash Causation Study: Final Report 

Motorcycle Crash Causation Study: Volume 1-

Data Collection and Variable Naming 

Motorcycle Crash Causation Study: Volume 2-

Coding Manual 

Applications of Knowledge Discovery in Massive 

Transportation Data: The Development of a 

Transportation Research Informatics Platform 

(TRIP) 

Efficient Messaging for Changeable-Message 

Signs During Nonrecurring Events 

EAR 

Cultivating Materials Science Research to 

Benefit Surface Transportation Initiatives 

The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine 

Learning in Federally Supported Surface 

Transportation Initiatives 

Exploratory Advanced Research Associates 

Program 2018 

EAR Program Research Results - Updated 

Through 2018 

Exploratory Advanced Research Program 

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General 

Publications – Sharing the Results of Your 

Highway Research with the World 

FHWA R&T Now – November/December 2018 

FHWA R&T Now – January/February 2019 

Research and Innovative Solutions for the 

Nation's Highway Challenges 

RECENT PERIODICALS 

Public Roads—Spring 2019 

This issue includes: Setting a Course to 

Interoperability; A Conversation With Frederick 

“Bud” Wright; Are Your Roads Weather Savvy?; 

Measuring Maturity; Making Connections 

The issue is available online. 

For more information, contact Lisa Shuler, 

Lisa.A.Shuler@dot.gov. 

Innovator—March/April 2019 

The issue includes the following articles: Virtual 

Public Involvement: Using Today’s Technology 

to Engage Transportation Stakeholders More 

Effectively; Project Bundling; Agencies 

Streamline Environmental and Permitting 

Reviews to Delivers Projects Faster; Success 

Stories: Every Day Counts Advances FHWA 

Strategic Plan; Rhode Island Goes Digital for 

Interchange Project; States Innovate!; Explore 

How States Innovate 

The issue is available online. 

LINKS 

Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center: 

https://highways.dot.gov/research/ 

Resource Center: 

www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/ 

National Highway Institute: 

www.nhi.fhwa.dot.gov/home.aspx 

Please forward this newsletter to others you 

think might find it interesting and/or useful. 

Suggestions may be submitted to 

FHWA_Now@fhwa.dot.gov. 

ABOUT FHWA R&T NOW 

FHWA R&T Now is a newsletter containing 

information and updates about research, 

technology, and development from the U.S. 

Department of Transportation, Federal Highway 

Administration. The newsletter is an electronic 

newsletter and is updated approximately every 

other month. 

Send your comments, questions, and feedback 

to FHWA_Now@dot.gov. 

Online access: 

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Mail: 

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Key Words—LTPP, UHPC, concrete, virtual 

reality, pavement performance, large diameter 

open-end piles, bridges, superheavy loads, 

flexible pavement, bicycle, simulators. 

Notice—This document is disseminated under 

the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of 

Transportation in the interest of information 

exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no 

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Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in 

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