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Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets

307 Nebraska Reports

STATE v. DENTON

Cite as 307 Neb. 400

State of Nebraska, appellee, v. 

Elijah W. Denton, appellant.

___ N.W.2d ___

Filed October 2, 2020. No. S-19-939.

1. Appeal and Error. To be considered by an appellate court, an alleged 

error must be both specifically assigned and specifically argued in the 

brief of the party asserting the error.

2. Constitutional Law: Statutes: Appeal and Error. The constitutionality 

of a statute presents a question of law, which an appellate court independently reviews.

3. Constitutional Law: Rules of the Supreme Court: Statutes: Appeal 

and Error. An appellant challenging the constitutionality of a statute 

must strictly comply with Neb. Ct. R. App. P. § 2-109(E) (rev. 2014).

4. Constitutional Law: Rules of the Supreme Court: Statutes: Notice: 

Appeal and Error. Neb. Ct. R. App. P. § 2-109(E) (rev. 2014) requires 

that a party presenting a case involving the federal or state constitutionality of a statute must file and serve notice thereof with the Supreme 

Court Clerk by separate written notice or in a petition to bypass at the 

time of filing such party’s brief.

5. Constitutional Law: Rules of the Supreme Court: Statutes: Appeal 

and Error. Strict compliance with Neb. Ct. R. App. P. § 2-109(E) (rev. 

2014) is necessary whenever a litigant challenges the constitutionality of a statute, regardless of how that constitutional challenge may 

be characterized.

Appeal from the District Court for Lancaster County, Jodi 

L. Nelson, Judge, on appeal thereto from the County Court 

for Lancaster County, Joseph E. Dalton, Judge. Judgment of 

District Court affirmed.

David Tarrell, of Berry Law Firm, for appellant.

Nebraska Supreme Court Online Library

www.nebraska.gov/apps-courts-epub/

10/30/2020 12:07 AM CDT
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Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets

307 Nebraska Reports

STATE v. DENTON

Cite as 307 Neb. 400

Robert E. Caples, Assistant Lincoln City Prosecutor, for 

appellee.

Heavican, C.J., Miller-Lerman, Cassel, Stacy, Funke, 

Papik, and Freudenberg, JJ.

Cassel, J.

INTRODUCTION

Elijah W. Denton implicitly attacks the constitutionality of 

a state statute 1 prohibiting jury trials for criminal cases arising 

under city ordinances. Denton was denied a jury trial for the 

alleged violation of a municipal ordinance prohibiting battery, 2

despite a separate ordinance 3 imposing a 10-year ban upon 

possession of firearms by a person convicted of violating the 

battery ordinance. On appeal to this court from his conviction and sentence under the battery ordinance, Denton failed 

to comply with the procedural rule governing constitutional 

challenges to statutes. 4 Because we strictly apply the rule, we 

affirm the judgment.

BACKGROUND

Denton’s legal challenge does not rely upon any facts underlying his conviction. Thus, we need not summarize them.

Instead, Denton relies upon three city ordinances. The battery ordinance 5 defined the crime of which he was convicted. For a conviction under the battery ordinance, a penalty ordinance 6 prescribed a maximum penalty of 6 months’ 

imprisonment, a $500 fine, or both, 7 and directed that the 

1 Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-2705 (Reissue 2016).

2 Lincoln Mun. Code § 9.12.010(b) (1997) (battery ordinance).

3 See Lincoln Mun. Code § 9.36.100 (2008) (firearm ban ordinance).

4 See Neb. Ct. R. App. P. § 2-109(E) (rev. 2014).

5 See § 9.12.010(b) (“[i]t shall be unlawful for any person intentionally, 

knowingly, or recklessly to: 1. Cause bodily injury to another person; or 2. 

Strike another person”).

6 Lincoln Mun. Code § 1.24.010 (2006) (penalty ordinance).

7 § 1.24.010(a).
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Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets

307 Nebraska Reports

STATE v. DENTON

Cite as 307 Neb. 400

penalty be “cumulative with and in addition to . . . any other 

penalty, punishment, or sentence specified by this code.” 8

The firearm ban ordinance stated in relevant part: “It shall 

be unlawful for any person to possess any firearm within the 

corporate limits or on any property of the City of Lincoln 

outside the corporate limits when that person has been convicted of any one of the following offenses within the last ten 

years: . . . the [battery ordinance].” 9

Prior to trial, Denton filed a written motion for jury trial. 

After a hearing, the county court pronounced a denial of 

the motion. The court’s written order overruled the motion, 

because “any possible collateral consequences under the 

Lincoln Municipal Code does not make the instant offense a 

serious offense thus entitling [Denton] to a trial by jury under 

either the U.S. or Nebraska Constitutions.”

Following a bench trial, the county court convicted Denton 

of violating the battery ordinance. The court imposed only a 

$250 fine.

Denton timely appealed the county court judgment to the 

district court. The district court relied in part upon § 25-2705, 

which states in pertinent part that “[e]ither party to any case 

in county court, except criminal cases arising under city . . . 

ordinances, . . . may demand a trial by jury.” The district court 

affirmed the county court’s judgment.

Denton filed a timely appeal to the Nebraska Court of 

Appeals. At the time he filed his appellate brief, he did not 

file or serve either “a separate written notice or [a] notice in 

a Petition to Bypass” regarding “the federal or state constitutionality” of § 25-2705. 10 We moved Denton’s appeal to 

our docket. 11

8 § 1.24.010(c).

9 § 9.36.100.

10 See § 2-109(E).

11 Neb. Rev. Stat. § 24-1106(3) (Cum. Supp. 2018).
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Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets

307 Nebraska Reports

STATE v. DENTON

Cite as 307 Neb. 400

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

Denton’s brief on appeal assigns only one error: The district 

court erred in affirming the county court’s denial of his motion 

for a jury trial.

[1] Prior to filing his brief in the Court of Appeals, Denton 

filed a “Notice of Errors.” In that document, Denton also 

assigned that the district court erred in affirming the county 

court’s denial of his disclosure motion. But to be considered by 

an appellate court, an alleged error must be both specifically 

assigned and specifically argued in the brief of the party asserting the error. 12 Denton does not assign nor argue the alleged 

disclosure motion error in his brief, and therefore, we will not 

address it.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

[2] The constitutionality of a statute presents a question of 

law, which an appellate court independently reviews. 13

ANALYSIS

[3,4] An appellant challenging the constitutionality of a statute must strictly comply with § 2-109(E). 14 Section 2-109(E) 

requires that a party presenting a case involving the federal or 

state constitutionality of a statute must file and serve notice 

thereof with the Supreme Court Clerk by separate written 

notice or in a petition to bypass at the time of filing such party’s brief. 15 The party must also provide the Attorney General 

with a copy of its brief. 16 Without strict compliance with 

12 State v. Dixon, 306 Neb. 853, 947 N.W.2d 563 (2020).

13 State v. Jenkins, 303 Neb. 676, 931 N.W.2d 851 (2019), cert. denied ___ 

U.S. ___, 140 S. Ct. 2704, 206 L. Ed. 2d 844 (2020).

14 See, State v. Epp, 299 Neb. 703, 910 N.W.2d 91 (2018); State v. Boche, 

294 Neb. 912, 885 N.W.2d 523 (2016).

15 Epp, supra note 14.

16 See Boche, supra note 14.
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Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets

307 Nebraska Reports

STATE v. DENTON

Cite as 307 Neb. 400

§ 2-109(E), this court will not address a constitutional challenge to a statute. 17

Section 2-109(E) ensures that this court has notice of a constitutional challenge. 18 As the Nebraska Constitution empowers 

this court to declare a legislative act unconstitutional only by 

a supermajority of at least five judges, the court must secure a 

full court to hear an appeal regarding the constitutionality of a 

statute. 19 Section 2-109(E) assists the court to do so.

Section 2-109(E) also guarantees that notice of a constitutional challenge to a statute is provided to the Attorney 

General. The statutes may not precisely articulate the Attorney 

General’s duty to defend the constitutionality of state statutes. 20 But in State v. Douglas,

 21 we recognized that the 

Attorney General has some duties which are not purely statutory and are sometimes referred to as the “common-law duties 

of the office.” There, we cited a treatise which articulates the 

common-law duties of the Attorney General, including that he 

or she must defend duly adopted statutory enactments that are 

not unconstitutional. 22 Because the Attorney General cannot 

defend the constitutionality of a statute if the Attorney General 

has not been notified of the challenge, strict compliance with 

§ 2-109(E) is necessary to ensure that the appeal may be 

staffed and handled accordingly. 23

[5] Because notice is needed, strict compliance with 

§ 2-109(E) is necessary whenever a litigant challenges the 

17 See, Epp, supra note 14; Boche, supra note 14.

18 See Boche, supra note 14.

19 See id. See, generally, Neb. Const. art. V, § 2.

20 See, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 84-203 (Reissue 2014) (“authorized to . . . defend 

. . . any . . . matter . . . in which the state may be . . . interested”); Neb. 

Rev. Stat. § 84-205(10) (Reissue 2014).

21 State v. Douglas, 217 Neb. 199, 349 N.W.2d 870 (1984).

22 See, id.; 7 Am. Jur. 2d Attorney General § 5 (2017) (citing Com. ex rel. 

Beshear v. Com. ex rel. Bevin, 498 S.W.3d 355 (Ky. 2016)).

23 See Boche, supra note 14.
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Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets

307 Nebraska Reports

STATE v. DENTON

Cite as 307 Neb. 400

constitutionality of a statute, regardless of how that constitutional challenge may be characterized. 24 It does not matter if the litigant explicitly challenges a statute, as this court 

remains bound to the requirements of article V of the Nebraska 

Constitution. 25 Therefore, as long as this court must determine the constitutionality of a statute in deciding an appeal, 

§ 2-109(E) applies. 26

Here, Denton implicitly challenges the constitutionality of 

§ 25-2705, which precludes a defendant from obtaining a jury 

trial for the criminal prosecution of an ordinance. 27 Denton 

argues that § 25-2705 cannot apply to him because his constitutional right to a jury trial was triggered by the additional 

penalties he will suffer from being convicted of violating the 

assault ordinance. 28 Even if we agree with Denton, we cannot 

provide him a jury trial without declaring § 25-2705 unconstitutional as applied in his case, because the statute leaves no 

discretion for a court to grant a jury trial for the criminal prosecution of a city ordinance violation. 29

Because Denton implicitly challenged the constitutionality 

of § 25-2705, he needed to comply with § 2-109(E). Denton 

did not provide a separate notice or a petition to bypass to 

the Supreme Court Clerk. 30 On appeal to this court, the State 

is represented by an assistant city attorney. Our record does not 

show that the Attorney General received a copy of Denton’s 

brief. 31 Consequently, Denton failed to provide notice to this 

court and the Attorney General. He did not strictly comply 

24 See Smith v. Wedekind, 302 Neb. 387, 923 N.W.2d 392 (2019).

25 See id. See, generally, Neb. Const. art. V, § 2.

26 See Wedekind, supra note 24.

27 See State v. Cozzens, 241 Neb. 565, 490 N.W.2d 184 (1992).

28 See § 9.36.100(a).

29 See Cozzens, supra note 27.

30 See § 2-109(E).

31 See id.
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Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets

307 Nebraska Reports

STATE v. DENTON

Cite as 307 Neb. 400

with § 2-109(E), and therefore, we cannot consider Denton’s 

only assigned error.

CONCLUSION

Denton implicitly challenged the constitutionality of a statute, but he failed to provide notice as required by § 2-109(E). 

Because we are unable to reach the merits of his appeal, we 

affirm the judgment of the district court.

Affirmed.