UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

### JUN 262012

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION



### SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Triphenyltin Hydroxide (TPTH) also known 

## as Fentin Hydroxide (083601) FROM:

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### TO: Tara Chandgoyal, PlantPathologist Biological Analysis Branch Cynthia Doucoure, Environmental Protection Specialist

### (J,~ Science Information and Analysis Branch John Faulkner, ' Economist 

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### Economic Analysis Branch 

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### Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) ArnetJones,Chief

# ~~ Biological Analysis Branch (/ Diann Sims, Chief

# £J.~ Science Information and Analysis Branch 

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### Economic Analysis Branch Biological and Economic Anal is Division 03P) Susan Bartow, Chemical ReviewManager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 4 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) 

### ProductReview Panel date: May 30, 2012 INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthe pest managementroles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status oftriphenyltinhydroxide (TPTH) also know as fentin hydroxide, and eventually the general
. Page 

### 1 of8public. This document builds upon the data already provided inthe "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also provided to Registration Review teams by BEAD. The document is based on information and data available to BEAD as ofJune 1,2012. Triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) was first registered inthe U.S. in 1971 for use as a fungicide. The TPTH Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED), which includes a comprehensive reassessment ofthe use patterns ofregistered products for use onpecans, potatoes, and sugar beets, was approved on September 30, 1999. TPTH is in an organotin compound that belongs to Group 30 fungicide (FRAC, 2012). This fungicide is non-systemic with mainly protective action. 

### It inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, ATP Synthase enzyme in fungi to inhibit/restricttheir growth. This fungicide is effective against early and late blight ofpotatoes (caused byAlternaria and Phytophthora spp., respectively), leafspot ofsugarbeets (caused by Cercospora sp.), and pecan scab (caused by Fusicladium effusum).
COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) is formulated as a wettable powder and flowable concentrate. Application methods include ground and aerial sprays, as well as chemigation (irrigation supply water system).


### USE SITES Agricultural Use Sites Triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) is registered for use on pecans, potatoes and sugarbeets Non-Agricultural Use Sites TPTH is not labeled for use on non-agricultural sites. USAGE Agricultural Use Trend, 1998-2010 TPTH use inthe U.S., as reported in private market research surveys, decreased substantially between 1998 and 2010 as shown in Figure 1. A similar trend was found for total acrestreated as shown in Figure 2. During the 1998-2010, agricultural usage ofTPTH averaged approximately 330,000 pounds annually and was applied on average to 1,460,000 acres at an overall average a.i. rate of0.23 lbs/acre.

Page 2 of8Figure 1: TPTH: Pounds A.I. Applied, 1998-2010**700,~ ~----------------------------------------------------------------** 

1998 1999**2~** 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Source: Proprietary Data, 1998-2010 Figure 2. TPTH: Total Acres Treated, 1998-2010**3IOOO,~** 

## -r-------------------------------------------------------------

1998 1999**2~** 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year

.. . Source: Proprietary Data, 1998-2010 Agricultural Use 2006-2010 During the 2006-2010 period, use ofagricultural usage ofTPTHwas relatively stable. Approximately 230,000 pounds ofTPTH were applied annually to 950,000 acres on average at an overall average a.i. rate ofO.24Ibs/acre
. The top crops intenns ofpounds ofTPTH applied Page 3 of8were pecans (62%) followed by sugar beets (29%) and potatoes (9%). See Figure 3. While there were similar results for total acres treated, the percentage ofpotato acres treated was higher than the percentage ofpounds a.i. applied, implying that application rates are somewhat lower than the overall average application. The percentage ofpecan acres treated was lower thanthe percentage ofpoUnds applied, which means the applicationrate is somewhathigherthan the overall average application rate. See Table 1. Figure 3. TPTH Usage: Top Crops, 2006-2010 

## Pounds A.I. Applied Total Area Treated

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2010

Table 1. TPTH: Average Application Rates for Potatoes, Pecans, and Sugarbeets Crop-II .iII % ofAvg. Avg. Pounds % ofAvg. Avg. Total Avg A.I. Rate PoundsA.I. A.I. Applied Total Area Area (lbs a.i. IIIII' Applied by Crop Treated Treated by applied/area (230,000) (950,000) Crop treated bytrop) by Crop III by Crop Potatoes 9 20;700 17 161,500 0.13 Pecans 62 142,600 52 494,000 0.28 Sugarbeets 29 66,700 31 294,500 0.23

Page 4 of8The top states interms ofpounds ofTPTH applied were Georgia (55%) followed by Minnesota (22%) and North Dakota (9%). Similar results were found for total acres treated as shown in Figure 4. Georgia is a majorproducer ofpecans and, as with pecans, the percent oftotalpounds applied in Georgia is greater thanthe percent oftotal acres treated, which means application rates in Georgia are higher than average. Figure 4: TPTH Usage: Top States, 2006-20lOr--
____________ --.. 

### Pounds A.I. Applied

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2010 Agricultural Usage by Crop Reporting District NORTH DAKOTA

10% 

### Total Acres Treated

Another measure ofusage is the use intensity. In this analysis, the use intensity is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per acre ofland in farms. This differs from the application rate, which is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per treated acres. Figure 5 spatially represents TPTH's use intensity inthe U.S., which is relatively greater in Georgia. As noted above, Georgia is a major producer ofpecans, which are treated at higher-than-average rates, leading to relatively high use intensity. Use in Alabama also likely reflects use on pecans, but acreage inpecans is probably a smaller proportion oftotal farmland, which leads to a lower use intensity than observed in Georgia. The medium intensity area in Minnesota and North Dakota shows areas inpotato and sugar beetproduction and may indicate a high proportion ofthose crops in total farmland and/or a relatively high percent ofthe crop treated with TPTH.

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### Figure 5. TPTH Usage by 

### Crop Reporting District (2006-2010)

Average Pounds Per 1,000 Acres of Farmland

_ <0.6 0.6 - 1
.9 D 2.0-3
.8 3
.9 - 15.0

_ 15
. 1-26
This is a map ofagricultural pesticide usage at the Crop Reporting District (CRD) leveL CRDs are boundaries created by USDA NASS which are aggregates of counties (USDA, 2010). Pesticide usage is displayed as average pounds (for the years 2006-2010) per 1,000 acres offarmland in a CRD to normalize for the variation in farmland between CRDs. Farmland acreage was obtained from USDA (2007). Usage is based on private market surveys ofpesticide use in agriculture (Proprietary Data, 2006-2010). The survey data are limited to the states that represent the top 80-90% ofacreage for the individual crops, therefore, use may be occurring in regions outside the scope ofthe survey. CRDs showing no usage ofpesticides may be due to either the lack ofpesticide use in the region or non-participation in the agricultural surveys. In addition, across the years, there may be variations in the specific crops included in the CRD survey. This may result in a lower annual average for the CRD.
Sources: Proprietary Data. 2006-2010 USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. USDA, 2007. Census ofAgriculture.


### Page 6 of8BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO TPTH (TRIPHENYLTIN HYDROXDE) Triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) belongs to Group 30 fungicide (FRAC, 2012). This group of fungicides has lowto mediumrisk ofdeveloping resistance inphytopathogenic fungi. Cercospora beticola causes leafspot disease ofsugar beets. TPTH was widely used on sugar beets (MN, ND, and ID) for the control ofthis fungal pestfor many years. As a result ofthis the fungal pathogen developed resistance/tolerance against it (Briere etal., 2001; Weiland, 2002). In 2000-2001 tetraconazole and azoxystrobin were registered for the control ofCercospora beticola on sugarbeets. The growers started using the newfungicides and TPTH use on sugarbeets declined.
HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FOR TPTH (TRIPHENYLTIN HYDROXIDE) There are no recent BEAD assessments (including section 18 use) for triphenyltin hydroxide in BEAD's Official Records.
INFORMATION THAT MAY BE USEFUL FORBEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON TPTH (TRIPHENYLTIN HYDROXIDE) Obtaining additional information onthe following items would improve future BEAD assessments ofthe importance ofTPTH and may be required as part ofthe registration review of this pesticide. This fungicide is registered for use onthree crops (pecans, potato and sugar beets). BEAD is not aware ofany additional information that is necessary to improve future assessments as itrelates to registration review ofthis fungicide.
REFERENCES Briere, S.C., Franc, G.D and Kerr, E. D. 2001. Fungicide Sensitivity Characteristics of Cercospora beticola Isolates Recovered from the High Plains ofColorado, Montana, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Benzimirnidazole and Triphenyltin Hydroxide. http://assbtjsbr.org/JSBRNo138/JSBRVoI38N02pll1toI20FungicideSensitivityCharacteristicsofCerecospo rabeticolaIsolatesRecoveredfortheHighPlains.pdf FRAC. 2012. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http://www.frac.info/frac/publication/anhangiFRAC%20Code%20List%202011-final.pdf Proprietary Data, 1998-2010

Page 7 of8USDA, 2006-2010
. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. Online: http://www.ers.usda.govlbriefinglarms/resourceregions/resourceregions.htm#nass
. USDA, 2007. Census ofAgriculture. Online: http://www.agcensus.usda.gOY/Publications/2007/index.asp
. Weiland, 

### J. 2002. A Survey for the Prevalence and Distribution ofCercospora beticola Tolerant to Triphenyltin Hydroxide and Tetraconazole and Resistantto Thiophanate Methyl in 2001. http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publicationslPublications.htm?seg no 115=131579

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