recompression constitute the test for bond. The development
at any time during the test procedure of a crack, separation,
or other opening which is at any point over 1/4-inch deep in
the sealing compound or between the sealing compound and the
mortar block, shall constitute failure of the test specimen.
The depth of the crack, separation, or opening shall be meas-
ured perpendicularly to the side of the sealing compound show-
ing the defect. The failure of at least two test specimens in

a group of three representing a given sample of sealing com-
pound shall be cause for rejection of the batch or lot repre-
sented by the sample.

(4) Adhesion to concrete. --The sealer shall be of such nature
that it will adhere to dry, dust-free concrete or to damp con-
crete free from surface moisture.

(5) Separation and settling.--The sealer shall show no separa-
tion or settling when tested as specified in 3fe)

(b) Composition requirements

Ingredients T Required percent by weight Test method
|
Rubber i 5.0 minimum ‘See subparagraph
+ 3(f)
Filler (inert) 35.0 maxiraum ASTM D 147-41
Nonvolatile 40.0 minimum See subparagraph
matter, excluding 3(g)
inert filler and ;
rubber
Water 3.0 maximum | ASTM D 95-58
3. Tests

(a) A batch of approximately 1,200 grams is necessary for these
tests.

(b) Penetration. --The sealer shall conform to the requirements
of 2(a)(1) when tested in accordance with the procedure described
in Federal Specification SS-R-406c, Method 223.12, Section 5.
Evaporation of solvent shall be performed as described in Section
7.5 of Method 223.12. Placement of the sealer in the container
shall be performed in such a manner as to avoid entrapment of air.

(c) Flow test.--The sealer shall conform to the requirements of

2(a)(2) when tested as described in Method 223.12, Section 6.2, of
Federal Specification SS-R-406c.

18


AUTOMATIC CHECK CONTROL
SCHEMATIC OIAGPAM - TULELAYE TRIG. DISTRICT

4LECTRODES "CONTROL BOx —_7
F (Suing Wei)? y —
8 t
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PRIMAR? Prcunans | Nees
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my pare LS o&
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Sede NDAL Fy AK z rN
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To PAM aK IC Ss a y
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hd] esc ue I
————

Dacram No. 2

12



TULELAKE IRRIGATION DISTRICT AUTOMATION PROGRAM

The Tulelake Irrigation District located in Northern California,
operates the irrigation and drainage facilities of the Tulelake Division
of the Klamath Project. The Klamath Project is one of the oldest in
the West, with some of the storage facilities completed in 1910. The
Tulelake facilities, however, were installed in the early 1920's.

Operation of the Tulelake Division facilities was transferred
from the Bureau of Reclamation to the Tulelake Irrigation District,
January 1, 1957. To date the District has been conducting a sizable
maintenance and rehabilitation program to improve service and reduce
operating costs. Two of the early improvements were: (1) a two-way
radio system, which permitted centralized water control from the
District's office, and (2) the installation of time switches to start and
stop low-head pumps furnishing supplemental irrigation water from
drains.

In 1958, District Manager, Maurice K. Strantz recognized a
need for remote control of certain water control structures and for
automatic control of others. A study of benefits received vs. costs
was made for each system of control. For the first phase of this over-
all Automation Program, the Manager and his staff designed and in-
stalled one remote control system to operate the Lower Lost River
Diversion Dam and an automatic system, on the order of the Bureau's
"Tittle Man" checks, 1/, to control water elevations above major
checks on the water supply system. These systems operated during
the 1959 irrigation season.

Remote Control of Diversion Dam

ae id |

Hoist Mechanization

The remote control of the Lower
Lost River Diversion Dam was ac-
complished in two steps. The first
step was to mechanize existing gate
hoists which were of the open,
double gear, two-speed, hand-oper-
ated, pedestal-lift type with gear
ratios of 24:1 on the low speed
shaft. While the District consid-
ered discarding the gears and pur-
chasing a commercial electric
valve operator, which fits over the
gate stem, it was found considerably
cheaper to adapt gear motors to
existing gearing arrangements as
shown in the photograph at left, in
which the driving sprocket replaces
a shaft stop collar.

I7 Release #20, page 1, Operation and Maintenance Equipment and
Procedures bulletin, April, May, and June 1957.

2



(d) Bond test.--The sealer shall conform to the requirements of
2(a)(3) when tested as described in Method 223.12, Section 7, of
Federal Specification SS-R-406c, except that the opening between
the mortar blocks for placing the filler shall be 2- by 2- by
1/2-inch.

(e) Separation and settling. --The sealer shall conform to the re-
quirements of 2(a)(5) after being stored at 120° F for 72 hours in
a 3/4-full closed container, 2.75 inches in diameter (1/2-pint can).

(f) Rubber content. --Manufacturer's certification or formulation
showing that the material contains the specified amount of virgin
synthetic rubber, shall be furnished with each batch or lot of
sealer sampled.

(g) Nonvolatile matter .--Weigh about 10 grams of the sample in
a weighed flat-bottomed metal dish about 5 to 8 cm in diameter.
Heat the dish with its contents in an oven maintained at 105° -
110° C (221° - 230° F), for 24 hours, cool and weigh. From the
weight of the residue left in the dish and from the weight of the
original sample taken, compute the percentage of nonvolatile
matter, correcting for the rubber and filler content.

4. Test samples. The contractor shall submit a representative 1-
quart sample of the sealer for preliminary tests and approval. The
sample shall be submitted at least 30 days before the material is to
be used. The Government reserves the right at any time to further
sample and test the material received on the job by the contractor.

OK OK OK ROK

CARRIAGE FOR CURRENT METER
(Suggestion No. R1-59-202)

There are several Yakima Project canals, ranging from 900 to
2300 cfs. capacity, in which the velocities range from 5 to 10 fps.
These are measured with current meters, suspended from cables with
30 to 50 pound lead weights below the meter to hold it in place in the
swift flowing water. The cable by which the meter is lowered into the
water is handled by special type of reel. This device was designed
primarily for use of cable way gaging stations, where the operator
mounts the reel on the cable car for making current meter measure-
ments.

The standard method of measuring canals with handline, 30#
weight, and stayline was found to be inaccurate, due to the high veloci-
ties encountered at three canals and to the very rough surface at Roza
intake. As all these canals are concrete lined, levels were run so the
depth could be computed from the gage readings. However, it was
difficult to feel the bottom with the 30# weight for setting the meter to

19



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By using a "'Y"' con-
nection in the hose
line, two lead lines
were possible. A third
air connection supplied
air for cleaning the
grooves immediately
ahead of the mastic
guns as shown in the
photograph at left.

In a high percentage
of the grooves the lining
was cracked to subgrade.
After the mastic had set
for a few days, tests
were made to determine
the depth of mastic
penetration in these
very small cracks. In
most cases the mastic had penetrated the crack to the subgrade, and
in all cases much below the bottom of the groove.

During most of the time this work was in progress the air
temperatures during the day were from 80° to 100°. In the canal
prism the temperature was much higher due to sun reflection from the
white pigmented compound used for curing the concrete canal lining
and to lack of air circulation. It was noted that the mastic pumped
much easier and smoother when the temperature was high. If this
work were to be done when the temperature was low, it would probably
be necessary to use some system of heating the mastic before using.

As the mastic was applied it was left slightly irregular in the
grooves, due to the reciprocating pump action; after a few weeks, in-
spection of the work showed the mastic to be almost level in the grooves
and nearly flush with the concrete along the sides of the grooves. At
no place was the mastic showing any indication of sagging, flowing or
pulling away from the concrete.

Mastic used conformed to that presently required by Bureau
specifications for ''Sealing compound, rubberized, Cold Application,
Ready-mixed, for Joints in Concrete Canal Lining", February 25, 1960,
given on the following page.

It was necessary to route 9,194 feet of groove. Mastic was
placed in 68, 304 feet of groove, using 1,248 gallons, a yield of 54.73
feet of groove per gallon of mastic. The time allowed on this contract
was 60 calendar days; the contractor started work on August 19 and
completed the work on October 8, 1959, using only 86.7 per cent of
the contract time.

16


Experience indicated that errors of that magnitude would not
adversely affect operations and that the 4-foot operating level would
be useful in other locations. Equipment with a greater range and
greater accuracy is obtainable but at a somewhat higher cost.

The District chose the telephone answering relay connection
instead of a pair of leased telephone lines. In this case the initial
lease line rental was twice that of the answering relay, and it appeared
that with experience the leased line system would be proportionately
even more expensive.

Automatic Gate Control System

In searching for an economical and simple means of installing
a control system to keep stable water levels above checks, automatic
check installations designed, installed and operated by the Bureau of
Reclamation were observed and their plans studied. The Bureau's
"Little Man" checks used the floats, micro switches and timers to
accomplish this.

Another system of liquid level control called the Floatless
Liquid Level Control System was studied extensively. This system is
used in many industrial pump reservoir applications. The District
chose this system over the float system for the following reasons:

1. Electrode system has no moving parts, greatly reducing
maintenance problems.

2. Electrode system permits stilling well construction to be
very simple and inexpensive.

3. No enclosure is needed on stilling well.

4. Accuracy compares favorably.

5. Bulk of electrical equipment may be located at the motor con-
trol box with only electrodes located at stilling well. This equipment

can be located at any distance from the electrodes.

Mechanization of Gate Hoists

Like the remote system, the automatic gate control system
was designed and installed in two steps. The first step was to mechanize
existing gate hoists, which were radial type with gear ratio of 96:1,
with two gates mounted side by side at each check, as shown in the
photograph at the top of the following page. The most feasible and
economical method of motorization proved to be the use of double-shaft
horizontal-gear motors, located between the two gate hoists driving 10
to 18 feet of shafting, as shown in the photograph at the bottom of the
next page. A 1/4 horsepower-gear-motor rotating at 87.5 rpm driving


A.C. power supply for
tone equipment. At
bottom left is 22-Volt
D.C. power supply for
the decoder. Pulsating
and slow release arma-
tures are located at
rear of the cabinet. At
bottom right are the
function relays.

Selector Dial

Remote controlling
equipment located at
the office, as shown
in the photograph be-
low, includes on the front panel, the power off-on switch, the gate open-
close switch, position and level indicator and the selector dial. In the
cabinet are tone trans-
mitters 765 and 665,
tone receiver 465 and
22-V, A.C. power sup-
ply.

The selector dial sends
out pulses when dialed
over one tone channel
to the decoder located
at the diversion dam.
The decoder uses a
code wheel, a pulsing
armature, a slow re-
lease armature, anda
set of code pins to se-
lect and close the de-
sired function relay,
i.e., with reference to
Diagram 1, page 6, it
selects Fl, and Fl,
when number 66 is
dialed, F2, and F2p
when 68 is dialed, F3
for number 62 and func-
tion relay F4 when the
Code 64 is dialed.



A one-half-horsepower gear motor driving the low speed shaft
at 51 r.p.m. and providing a maximum torque of 30 ft. lb. is required
for seating the gates. This speed lifts the gate at a rate of 0.19 feet
per minute, operating three 7'x6' gates simultaneously, providing an
area change of 4 sq. ft. per minute. Slow speeds were used to protect
the existing bronze collar bearings and un-machined cast gear train.

Double throw limit switches were placed in a central location
on the face of the dam to work off of each gate stem. A manual by-pass
was added so that the gates can be individually seated. A single mag-
netic reversing starter was installed to control all 3 motors. A hand-
off-automatic selector switch was also added.

The cost of motorizing each gate was $400.

The second step consisted of selecting and installing a remote
control system that best suited requirements. In dealing with companies
that specialize in remote systems, it was found that it is necessary to
make the following decisions.

1. Is mode of communication carrier to be radio or wire?

2. If wire, what type of connection is desirable, constant or
occasional?

3. What degree of accuracy is required?
4. What operations must be made with equipment?
5. What is overall remote control program?

The remote control system which was installed by the District
was provided by a firm specializing in telemetering and automatic con-
trol equipment. The system consists of a group of components working
in pairs to accomplish the necessary functions. The components are
shown schematically in Diagram 1 on page 6 and are described and
illustrated in subsequent paragraphs.

Tone Transmitter and Tone Receiver

This is the basic component of the system. Three transistor
transmitters operating on a 22-V, DC power source generate a steady
audible tone at465, 665 and 765 cycles per second. Three transistor
receivers operate at the opposite end of the circuit to receive either
465, 665 or 765 cycles per second, thus creating three separate tone
channels.

The equipment located at the dam, and as shown in the photo-
graph at the top of page 4, consists of from top left to top right the
tone transmitter 465, tone receiver 665, tone receiver 765 and 22-Volt



The cost of the mastic delivered to the job site was $1,903.73,
or $1.525 per gallon. The total cost of the contract, including the cost
of the mastic, was $12,083.63 or $0.1769 per lin. ft. of groove. How-
ever, this unit figure is not entirely representative, since only 9,194
lin. ft. of groove were routed, while all the grooves were sandblasted.
The bid prices are not necessarily indicative of the true cost of each
item, as the contractor admitted that the routing of grooves, was under-
bid. However, we understand informally that while the contractor made
no large profit, he definitely did not lose money on the overall job.

RRR ROKR

SPECIFICATIONS
for
Ready-Mixed, Rubberized, Cold Application,
Sealing Compound for Joints in Concrete Canal Lining

1. Scope. This specification covers a cold-applied, ready-mixed com-
pound for use in sealing joints in concrete canal lining.

2. Material. The compound shall be resilient and adhesive material
capable of Sealing joints in concrete effectively against the infiltration
of moisture throughout repeated cycles of expansion and contraction.
The compound shall be a ready-mixed, homogeneous blend of asphalt,
virgin synthetic rubber, inert filler and suitable solvents. The con-
sistency of the compound shall be such that it may be readily applied
at 70° F either by extrusion from a caulking gun or by troweling into
the joints without the use of additional solvents or adulterants. The
composition shall be such that the material will not flow from the joints
after placing.

(a) Performance requirements
(1) Penetration. --The sealer when subjected to the test Speci-
fied in 3(b) shall conform to the penetration requirements given
on the next page:

At 32° F (after removal of solvent), 200 g, 60 sec., notless
than 1.0 cm.

At 77°F (as sampled), 150 g, 5 sec., not less than 2.75 cm.

At 77° F (after removal of solvent), 150 g, 5 sec. , not more
than 2.20 cm.

(2) Flow.--The sealer shall not show a flow in excess of 0. 5
centimeters when tested as specified in 3(c).

(3) Bond.--The sealer shall not fail in adhesion or cohesion
when tested as specified in 3(d). Five cycles of extension and

17



Step 1: Using the District's telephone, the number of the diversion
dam is dialed. The automatic answering relay, furnished by the tele-
phone company and located at the dam, responds to the ring and sends
a bell tone back as soon as it has completed the circuit. As soon as
the bell is heard, the operator is ready to proceed with Step 2.

Step 2: The power switch on the equipment located at the office is
turned on, energizing the equipment and putting a tone generated by T
765 across the lines to be received by R 765.

Step 3: To read the water level above the dam, the operator dials
Code Number 62 on the selector dial. This code is fed into the
decoder by the tone channel 765 and the decoder selects and
closes F3 (Function Relay #3). This puts the upstream level trans-
mitter and tone channel 465 into action thus actuating the position and
level indicator to give the water level reading.

Step 4: The water level below the dam is selected by Code No. 64,
closing relay F4 and is read as described in Step 3.

Step 5: To read the position of the three 6'x7' gates at the dam,
either Code Number 66 or 68 may be dialed depending on whether it is
anticipated that the gate will be moved up or down. If Code 68 is
dialed, the decoder selects and closes function relays F2, and F2p.
The closing of F2p puts the gate position transmitter and tone channel
465 into action again causing the position and level indicator to respond
to give the desired reading.

Knowing the head acting on the gates and the discharge area,
the present discharge is calculated. The operator, knowing whether or
not a new flow is desired, can then compute the required discharge area.
If the gates are to be closed, all the operator has to do is key the gate
switch which puts tone channel 665 on the line operating through F2g
(Relay was closed with F2p in Step 4) to close gates. Gates will con-
tinue to close as long as T 665 is keyed. If the gates were to be opened,
Code 66 on the selector dial would have to be dialed first, closing Flg
and Fly. Gate switch key then may be closed causing gates to open.

It is possible to monitor the position of the gates as they are moving,
since either Fl, or F2p remains closed as long as either Fl and F2g
is closed, and the levels are transmitted back to the office.

Using the above operating procedure, all the desired informa-
tion, area computations, and gate movements for an area change of 8
sq. ft. (resulting in flow change from 30 c.f.s. to79 c.f.s. depending
on the discharge head) may be made in a 3-minute phone call. Accuracy
of this type of equipment is estimated at 1 per cent of the range of meas-
urement. The District selected a common operating range of 4 feet for
water levels and gate position.



Department of the Interior
Bureau of Reclamation

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES
RELEASE NO. 32

April, May and June 1960

a=]
a
=
e&
=
ED
a)
s
==
Cee
——
CD
a
1

=> CONTENTS

(-*) Weed Knife

s Tulelake Irrigation District Automation Program

— Protective Cover for Padlocks

Cfo Filling Grooves in Concrete Lining

Specifications for Joint Sealing Compound \S
Carriage for Current Meter W


through a worm and worm gear (ratio 10:1) moves each gate simultane-
ously at a vertical lift rate of 0. 14 feet per minute. The slow speeds
involved proved to be beneficial both mechanically and from an opera-
tion standpoint. Smooth operation at these slow speeds was provided
with the shaft of 1-inch diameter supported at 6-foot spans. A rotary
limit switch was connected directly to a horizontal shaft on the gate
hoist to limit the gate movement to a fully-closed and fully-opened
position.

Cost of purchasing and installing gear motor, magnetic revers-
ible starter, limit switch, mounting pedestals, gear train, and miscel-
laneous wiring and fabricating necessary to mechanize the gates amounted
to $900 per check.

Electrical Equipment

The second step was to select and install the necessary élec=
trical equipment to operate the motorized gate so as to keep the water
above the check at a desired elevation, varying less than 0.10 feet.

The essential features are shown in the general view of the check and
gates in the photograph at the top of the previous page. The corrugated
metal pipe stilling well near the right bank upstream from the 550 cfs
check contains the electrodes. The control cabinet on the right of the
check operating deck, houses the electrical operation and control equip-
ment.

In the photograph at left,

Ti more detail of the stilling

well assembly can be seen.
| . The electrode holder con-
taining two shielded elec-
trodes are being held at the
right with electrical cable
attached. The electrode
holder is watertight and
needs no enclosure. The
electrodes fit into the 4-
inch diameter aluminum
tube which also acts as a
second stilling well. The
tube containing the elec-
trodes may easily be moved
vertically on the bracket
mounted in the corrugated
pipe stilling well in the
foreground, and the desired
water level above the check
selected. An important
safety feature of the float-
less control system is that
the electrode circuit is on
the secondary side of the
induction relay, thus the

10




Level Transmitter

The level transmitter, located at the dam, and mounted in the
stilling well immediately upstream from the dam, as shown in the fore-
ground of the photograph above, transmits the position of the water
level or of a gate over a second tone channel to the Position and Level
Indicator located at the office. The gate position transmitter also is
shown in the above photograph at upper left on top of the dam.

The level transmitter employs a measuring element and an im-
pulse transmitting unit. The position and level indicator employs a
receiver mechanism, consisting of two differential units driven by a
constant speed synchronous motor. The differential units are linked
to an indicator, which seeks and finds a position corresponding to the
indicator at the transmitter. In this system, the level is transmitted
as a function of time interval between transmitter pulses.

Operation

Using Diagram 1, page 6, again one may follow the complete
operation obtainable with this system. The operation of receiving two
water levels, the position of the gates and the movement of the gate up
or down may best be described in five steps.


the bottom depth of observation. Using the hand line with a stayline the
larger cable takes the shape of a large bow in these high water veloc-
ities and makes it very difficult to set the meter accurately for the
bottom observations. Use of a 50# weight on a handline is too laborious
to handle in high velocities. Hence, this method of using the Canfield
reel with the small steel cable and stayline would make conditions allow-
ing for more accurate measuring. Distribution of storage costs is based
on the results of these measurements.

In adapting the Canfield reel for use on a canal gaging bridge,
the hydrographers devised a metal stand, upon which to mount the reel,
with a footing which the operator stood on to counterbalance the weight
of the equipment. This method of handling the meter and lead weight
in swift flowing water was not only awkward but extremely dangerous
to the hydrographer who had to counterbalance both the weight of the
measuring equipment and the force of flowing water, as well as manip-
ulate himself and equipment across a wet or icy gaging bridge.

Because of this hazard and
a desire to improve gaging
methods, Mr. Mont M.
Chambers developed the
roller-type carriage shown
on Drawing 33-109-105 on
the following page. The
carriage as shown on the left
is made to ride on top of a
2x6" timber railing and fitted
with rollers to permit easy
movement across the bridge.
A 2"x8" wooden arm forms
the part upon which to mount
P33-109-5840 the Canfield reel. This is
‘ shown in more detail in the
photograph in the lower left.

The advantages of using
this equipment are many.
The operator is free to move
about as he pleases, the
water depth readings and
setting of the meter at re-
quired depths can be ac-
complished more simply and
accurately, and the device
facilitates recording notes
and moving the meter to
measuring positions. Elim-
ination of the extreme safety
hazard which existed under
RS2409- 5888 7 the former methods used is
the greatest advantage.

20


WEED KNIFE
(Suggestion - R1-59-185)

Trouble has been experienced at all Roza pumping plants, and
at the Chandler Power and Pumping plant, Yakima Project, Washington,
from weeds and debris collecting on plant trashracks and weed screens
in such a way as to be very difficult to remove. Floyd L. O'Banion,
Plant Mechanic, made a knife for cutting, and thereby loosening weeds
and debris from the trashracks and screens which have greatly reduced
the weed removal problem.

The knife can be made quite quickly and easily from a part of
an old automobile spring, welded to a 1/2" pipe coupling, cut, pointed
and sharpened as required as shown below. The pipe coupling can then
be screwed to the required length of ordinary 1/2" water pipe, to be
used as a handle for the knife.

Since material for the knife is readily available from used
material, the main cost is in cutting, welding, and sharpening the
spring. Maximum cost is estimated at $7.

Pipe

Knife blade made trom car spring shaped
hondie-~.,

4 ond sharpened, welded to pipe coupling

_--$Pipe coupling

4

-+->- Variable -—---~

WEED KNIFE

TO FACILITATE THE REMOVAL OF WEEDS
FROM WEED SCREENS

coupling



Experience during last season's operation showed that the com-
bination of rate of gate travel and flow under gate were such that time
delay is probably unnecessary to prevent the gate from hunting. The
only apparent advantage obtained was a reduction of running time. The
floatless liquid level control equipment with accessories was purchased
and installed at a cost of $100 per installation.

The District has found that installation of these automatic
checks has provided several benefits:

1. Nearly constant water levels are maintained, providing more
constant flows into laterals and into the farm headgates.

2. Planned changes in flow through checks are more rapidly
made than is possible by manual gate regulation.

3. The time required by operating personnei to adjust gates is
eliminated, resulting in substantial savings to the District.

4. Rate of filling or emptying canal can be more easily and
precisely controlled.

KK KKK

PROTECTIVE COVER FOR PADLOCKS
(Suggestion R1-59-109)

Considerable difficulty has been encountered during the winter
months in unlocking padlocks on the Palisades Switchyard facilities in
Idaho. Moisture from snow and rain collects in the lock tumblers and
around the shackle and then freezes making it necessary to heat the lock
before it can be removed. Joseph A. Fisher, Powerplant Operator,
suggested a cover to protect the padlocks on the disconnect, selector,
and ground switches, thus preventing this condition and saving consider-
able time in performing emergency switching which could prevent a pro-
longed outage. It also speeds-up routine switching and eliminates the
unpleasant task of thawing padlocks.

The cover is held in place by a pin in the switch operating
handle swivel which will allow it to swivel vertically only. During
operation of a switch, the cover can be raised, the padlock removed
and with the switch operating handle raised, the cover is held in the
raised position and rotates with the handle. Upon completion of the op-
eration, as the handle is lowered, the cover will drop down over the
padlock.

In the sketch on the following page the dimensions and two
views of the cover are shown.

13



experimenting for two days. A small, light-weight, high-speed air-
powered chipping gun was used next; but with the conventional wide-
point chisel considerable spalling of the concrete was noted. This
method was discontinued. The next system tried as shown on the

cover page of this issue of the bulletin, was the same as above but
instead of using the chisel, a 1-1/2'' bushing head was cut down to

about 1/4" at the tip and 3/4" at the top. The chipping gun was held

at about 60° from the slope of the groove and no spalling was evident.
The high speed of the gun effectively removed the concrete and deepened
the grooves to the desired depth.

After completing the sandblasting and routing of the grooves
a mastic pump was set up and this phase of the contract was started.
The mastic was Government-furnished.

At first only a small mastic pump was used in a 5-gallon con-
tainer; this was not very successful due to time lost transferring the
mastic from the large 55-gallon drums to the small 5-gallon can.

The contractor then brought a large air-powered pump. This
pump was mounted in a tripod high enough to fit into a 55-gallon drum
as shown in the photograph above. It was found that by redesigning
the tip of the pipe on the end of the mastic hose from round to a slot,
much better penetration of the mastic into the grooves was obtained.


OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES

Release No. 32

April, May, and June - 1960

INTRODUCTION

This bulletin, published quarterly, is circulated for the
benefit of irrigation project operation and maintenance people. Its
principal purpose is to serve as a medium of exchanging operation and
maintenance information. It is hoped that the labor-saving devices or
less costly equipment developed by the resourceful water users will be
a step toward commercial development of equipment for use on irriga-

tion projects in a continued effort to reduce costs and increase operating
efficiency.

We wish to thank Mr. Maurice K. Strantz, Manager, Tulelake
Irrigation District, Tulelake, California, who has prepared the article
on the Tulelake Irrigation District's Automation Program appearing in
this issue of the bulletin beginning on page 2. Mr. Strantz wishes to
emphasize the time and effort spent by his Assistant, Ed Lance, in
following through on the remote control installations and the important
practical operating experience of Watermaster, Harold Kniskern, which
was essential in the final selection of designs to meet operational needs.

To assure proper recognition of those individuals whose sug-
gestions are published in this and subsequent bulletins, the suggestion
number as well as the person's name is given. All Bureau offices are
reminded to notify their Suggestions Awards Committee when a sug-
gestion is adopted.

Attached to this issue of the bulletin is an up-to-date index of
material contained in Releases No. 1 through 32. The new index
supersedes the one dated September 1959, which can be destroyed.

KOK ROK Ok Kk OK *

Division of Irrigation Operations
Commissioner's Office
Denver, Colorado



COVER PAGE

Filling of the grooves in the concrete lining of the Putah South
Canal, Solano Project, California, was accomplished by contract
ina minimum of time. A description of the operation is presented
beginning on Page 14. Photo No. P413-D-21264


electrode circuit current
is generated within the

relay and has no connec-
tion with the power line.

In the photograph at
left, an automatic check
control box is shown with
the main circuit breaker
at top left, the magnetic
reversible starter at top
right, time clocks for
lights in left center, ad-
justable timer in right
center, and floatless
electrode induction relays
on the bottom.

Operation

Referring to Diagram 2,
on the following page,
lee, operation of the automatic
control system can be best
described under 3 water

= | 2a level conditions:

1, When Water Level
Raises Enough to Make Contact with Upper Electrode. ormally open
circuit between electrode U and Saou is closed causing secondary side
of induction relay U to energize. This closes contacts energizing ‘'up"
side of the magnetic starter. Gate moves up in time intervals controlled
by a synchronous motor operated cycle timer. Timer may be set to
desired percentage of running time, In other words, a three-minute
timer set to run 50% of the time will cause the gate to move up for 90
seconds, stopfor 90 seconds, then move upward again. The controlled
movement will continue until gate has opened enough to lower water
level so that upper electrode is clear of water.

2. When Water Level is Contacting Lower Electrode and is Below
Upper Electrode. This is the operating fovel. Under these conditions
both induction relays remain open and gear motor remains at rest.

3. When Water Level Drops Below Lower Electrode. Normally
closed circuit between electrode D and ground is then opened causing
secondary side of induction relay D to de-energize. A spring closes
relay contacts energizing ''down'' side of magnetic starter. Gate will

continue to move downward as controlled by timer until water level
raises, immersing Electrode D, again putting system to rest.

11



FILLING GROOVES IN CONCRETE LINING

The excellent manner in which grooves in the concrete lining
of the Putah South Canal, Solano Project, California, were routed,
cleaned and filled by contract in a minimum of time has prompted
Project Construction Engineer, H. E. Horton, Winters, California, to
outline the procedures followed so that they may be applied to similar
work elsewhere.

The grooves were cleaned by sandblasting, regardless of
whether the groove was to be routed. The contractor did an excellent
cleaning job using No. 1 Monterey sand, a 200-pound capacity sand pot
and a 210-cfm mobile air compressor. The cleaning operation was
rapidly accomplished with as much as 10,000 lineal feet of groove being
cleaned in an 8-hour day with only two operators.

The first groove routing was done using an air saw with an
8" cutting stone. This proved to be very slow and was abandoned after

14