FELSENTHAL AND OVERFLOW

NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES

TRANSPORTATION STUDY

Existing Conditions Report

US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division

in cooperation with US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge

January 2012

Contract No. DTFH71-09-D-00001, Task Order: 11-017
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge

Transportation Study  

Existing Conditions Report

Contract No. DTFH71­09­D­00001

Task 11­017

US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration

Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division  

in cooperation with the US Fish and Wildlife Service

January 2012
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report i   

Table of Contents

1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 South Arkansas Refuges Complex......................................................................................... 1

1.2 USFWS Mission and Goals..................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Purpose of the Transportation Study.................................................................................... 2

1.4 Study Areas ........................................................................................................................... 2

1.4.1 Felsenthal NWR..................................................................................................................... 2

1.4.2 Overflow NWR ...................................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Study Schedule...................................................................................................................... 6

1.6 Overview of Existing Conditions Report ............................................................................... 6

2. Felsenthal NWR Existing Conditions..................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 7

2.1.1 Felsenthal NWR History ........................................................................................................ 7

2.1.2 Regional Location.................................................................................................................. 7

2.1.3 Visitation Summary and Profile ............................................................................................ 8

2.1.4 Entrances to the Refuge........................................................................................................ 8

2.2 Regional Transportation Conditions ..................................................................................... 9

2.2.1 Regional Roadway Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 9

2.2.2 Historic Traffic Volumes...................................................................................................... 12

2.2.3 Area Transportation Mode Split ......................................................................................... 13

2.2.4 Crash Summary ................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.5 Planned Area Transportation Improvement Projects......................................................... 14

2.3 Refuge Transportation and Infrastructure.......................................................................... 14

2.3.1 Refuge Roads ...................................................................................................................... 14

2.3.2 Refuge Visitor Center and Office ........................................................................................ 17

2.4 Transportation Issues.......................................................................................................... 17

2.4.1 Turn lane improvements at Visitors Center Entrance on US 82 ......................................... 18

2.4.2 Large number of trucks on US 82 (Figure 2.16) .................................................................. 18

2.4.3 Sight Distance at Refuge exits on US 82.............................................................................. 19

2.4.4 Speeding on US 82 .............................................................................................................. 19

2.4.5 Signage Improvements ....................................................................................................... 20
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Existing Conditions Report ii   

2.4.6 Trail Enhancements............................................................................................................. 20

2.4.7 Siltation and Slip areas at Boat Ramps ............................................................................... 20

2.4.8 Determine Formal Access Points to the Refuge ................................................................. 20

2.5 Other Considerations.......................................................................................................... 20

2.5.1 Community Features........................................................................................................... 20

2.5.2 Demographic Profile of Study Area..................................................................................... 22

2.5.3 Environmental Justice Impacts ........................................................................................... 22

2.5.4 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................... 24

2.5.5 Habitat................................................................................................................................. 24

2.5.6 Floodplains and Wetlands................................................................................................... 27

2.5.7 Cultural Resources .............................................................................................................. 27

3. Overflow NWR Existing Conditions..................................................................................................... 28

3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 28

3.1.1 Overflow NWR History ........................................................................................................ 28

3.1.2 Regional Location................................................................................................................ 28

3.1.3 Visitation Summary and Profile .......................................................................................... 29

3.1.4 Entrances to the Refuge...................................................................................................... 29

3.2 Regional Transportation Conditions ................................................................................... 30

3.2.1 Regional Roadway Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 30

3.2.2 Historic Traffic Volumes...................................................................................................... 31

3.2.3 Area Transportation Mode Split ......................................................................................... 31

3.2.4 Crash Summary ................................................................................................................... 32

3.2.5 Planned Area Transportation Improvement Projects......................................................... 32

3.3 Refuge Transportation and Infrastructure.......................................................................... 32

3.3.1 Refuge Roads ...................................................................................................................... 32

3.3.2 Water Transportation Access.............................................................................................. 33

3.4 Transportation Issues.......................................................................................................... 33

3.4.1 Determine Formal Access Points to the Refuge ................................................................. 33

3.4.2 Enhance Visitor Experience................................................................................................. 33

3.5 Other Considerations.......................................................................................................... 33

3.5.1 Community Features........................................................................................................... 33

3.5.2 Demographic Profile of Study Area..................................................................................... 33
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report iii   

3.5.3 Environmental Justice Impacts ........................................................................................... 35

3.5.4 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................... 37

3.5.5 Habitat................................................................................................................................. 37

3.5.6 Floodplains and Wetlands................................................................................................... 39

3.5.7 Cultural Resources .............................................................................................................. 39

4. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... 39

References .................................................................................................................................................. 40

List of Tables

Table 2.1: Hunting and Fishing by time of year at Felsenthal NWR ............................................................. 8

Table 2.2: Historic AADT Volumes on US 82 ............................................................................................... 13

Table 2.3: Mode Split Percentage for Ashley, Bradley and Union Counties............................................... 13

Table 2.4: Crashes by Type for US 82 in the Vicinity of the Refuge 2008 ‐ 2010........................................ 14

Table 2.5:  Population for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR......................................................... 22

Table 2.6:  Poverty Levels for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR................................................... 23

Table 2.7: Median Household Income for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR................................23

Table 2.8:  Individuals by Race for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR............................................ 24

Table 2.9: Habitat Type at Felsenthal NWR ................................................................................................ 26

Table 3.1:  Hunting by time of year at Overflow NWR ............................................................................... 29

Table 3.2: Historic Traffic Volumes on SR 8 and SR 173 ............................................................................. 31

Table 3.3: Mode Split Percentage for Ashley County ................................................................................. 32

Table 3.4: Crashes by Type on SR 8 in the Vicinity of the Refuge 2008 ‐ 2010........................................... 32

Table 3.5:  Population for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR .......................................................... 35

Table 3.6:  Poverty Level for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR ...................................................... 35

Table 3.6:  Median Household Income for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR ................................36

Table 3.7:  Individuals by Race for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR ............................................. 36

Table 3.8:  Overflow NWR Habitat Type and Acreages .............................................................................. 37
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report iv   

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Overall Site Location Map........................................................................................................... 3

Figure 1.2: Felsenthal NWR Location Map.................................................................................................... 4

Figure 1.3: Overflow NWR Location Map ..................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2.1: Felsenthal NWR Entrance Sign.................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2.2: US 82 in the vicinity of the Refuge Visitors Center..................................................................... 9

Figure 2.3: North Road south of US 82 ....................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2.4: New Lock 6 Road....................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2.5: Timber bridge on Bradley County Road 65 S ............................................................................ 11

Figure 2.6: Truck restrictions on Bradley County Road 65 S Timber Bridge ............................................... 12

Figure 2.7: Bradley County Road 53............................................................................................................ 12

Figure 2.8: Woodland Wildlife Trail Trailhead ............................................................................................ 15

Figure 2.9: Sand Prairie Trail Trailhead at the Crossett Campground ........................................................ 15

Figure 2.10: Old Beer Joint Boat Ramp ....................................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.11: Felsenthal Lock and Dam Boat Ramp...................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.12: Port of Crossett Boat Ramp .................................................................................................... 17

Figure 2.13: Felsenthal NWR Visitors Center.............................................................................................. 17

Figure 2.14: Left‐Turn lane into Visitors Center.......................................................................................... 18

Figure 2.15: Example of Truck traffic on US 82........................................................................................... 19

Figure 2.16: Sight Distance for US 82 (Westbound) ................................................................................... 19

Figure 2.17: Felsenthal NWR Community Resources ................................................................................. 21

Figure 2.18: Felsenthal NWR Habitat Type ................................................................................................. 25

Figure 2.19: Red Cockaded Woodpeckers Marked Trees........................................................................... 27

Figure 3.1: Overflow NWR Entrance Sign ................................................................................................... 28

Figure 3.2: Directional sign for Refuge in Hamburg.................................................................................... 29

Figure 3.3: Direction sign for Refuge Headquarters ................................................................................... 30
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report v   

Figure 3.4: Ashley County Road 34 ............................................................................................................. 31

Figure 3.5: Overflow NWR Community Resources..................................................................................... 34

Figure 3.6: Overflow NWR Habitat Type..................................................................................................... 38

Appendix

Supporting Data Tables
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 1   

1. Introduction

1.1 South Arkansas Refuges Complex

South Arkansas Refuges Complex is a complex of three National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in Arkansas.

The Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge is located west of Crossett, Arkansas with approximately 65,000

acres of mainly bottomland hardwood forest.  The Overflow National Wildlife Refuge is located between

Hamburg, Arkansas and Parkdale, Arkansas with approximately 14,000 acres of mostly bottomland

hardwood forest.  Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge is the third National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in the

Complex. Only the Felsenthal and Overflow NWR’s are evaluated as part of this project.

The Ouachita and Saline Rivers pass through the Felsenthal NWR and the Refuge has the largest green‐

tree reservoir in the world.   A green‐tree reservoir is a bottomland hardwood forest that is carefully

flooded during the dormant season of the hardwood forest communities to provide habitat for

wintering waterfowl.  Felsenthal Refuge is also the location of a number of red cockaded woodpecker

nests.

Overflow NWR also has a green‐tree reservoir and serves the mallard, wood duck, and other waterfowl

in the Mississippi flyway.  Overflow NWR also has cropland acreage that is currently farmed.

1.2 USFWS Mission and Goals

The NWR System is administered through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) under the

Department of the Interior. The mission of the USFWS is to:

“Work with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats for the

continuing benefit of the American people.”

The goals of the USFWS are aimed at fulfilling this mission. Primary USFWS goals are to:  

• Sustain fish and wildlife populations including migratory birds, endangered species, anadromous

fish, and marine animals;

• Conserve a network of lands and waters, including the NWR System; and

• Provide Americans opportunity to understand and participate in the conservation and use of fish

and wildlife resources.  

The USFWS manages refuges across the country. The passage of the NWR System Improvement Act of

1997 defines the mission of the NWR System as:  

“...to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where

appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, plant resources and their habitats within the United States

for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.”

The goals of the Wildlife Refuge System are to:  

• Preserve, restore, and enhance threatened and endangered species in their natural ecosystems.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 2   

• Perpetuate the migratory bird resource.

• Preserve a natural diversity and abundance of fish and wildlife ecology.

• Provide the public an understanding and appreciation of fish and wildlife ecology.

• Provide Americans opportunity to understand and participate in the conservation and use of fish

and wildlife resources.  

The NWR System Improvement Act of 1997 identified six wildlife‐dependent recreational uses that are

recognized as priority public uses of refuge lands, including:  

• Hunting  

• Fishing  

• Wildlife Observation  

• Wildlife Photography  

• Environmental Education  

• Environmental Interpretation  

1.3 Purpose of the Transportation Study

The Transportation Study will evaluate existing conditions and propose short‐  and long‐range

transportation solutions that will improve the mobility for visitors and staff to and within the Refuges.

The study will document the existing transportation infrastructure within the Refuges and will look at

major roads and other regional transportation facilities adjacent to or providing access to the Refuges.

This Existing Conditions Report will be incorporated into the Transportation Study for the Felsenthal and

Overflow NWRs.

1.4 Study Areas

The Felsenthal and Overflow NWRs boundaries are shown in Figure 1.1.  

1.4.1 Felsenthal NWR

The Felsenthal NWR is located in southern Arkansas in Ashley, Bradley, and Union Counties. The public

access area is mainly located in Ashley County; however, some access routes to the Refuge include

roadways in Bradley County and Union County.  The general transportation study area for the Felsenthal

NWR is shown in Figure 1.2.  

Existing conditions for the Felsenthal NWR are discussed in Section 2.

1.4.2 Overflow NWR

The Overflow NWR is located in southern Arkansas in Ashley County. The Overflow NWR transportation

study area is shown in Figure 1.3.  

Existing conditions for the Overflow NWR are discussed in Section 3.
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Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges

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Contract No.: DTFH71-09-D-00001

Felsenthal NWR Location Map

Figure 1.2 - Felsenthal NWR Location Map

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Complex Headquarters

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Arkansas Geographic Information Office

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Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges

Transportation Study

Contract No.: DTFH71-09-D-00001

Overflow NWR Location Map

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Refuge Headquarters

Source:

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Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 6   

1.5 Study Schedule  

The Transportation Study is targeted to take approximately nine months to complete. Milestones during

this process include the Existing Conditions Report, Preliminary Candidate Alternatives Report, the Short

and Long Range Improvement Plan, and Transportation Study Report. In addition, a Public Involvement

Plan has been developed that outlines public outreach activities, including two public information

meetings and two public mailings.  

The USFWS and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) will meet three times with a stakeholders

group, which includes representatives of the US and State legislators representing the area, the AHTD,

the Army Corps of Engineers, Ashley County, Union County, Bradley County, the City of Crossett, the City

of Hamburg, the City of Parkdale, the Crossett Chamber of Commerce, and representatives from two

major land owners and businesses ‐ Plum Creek Timber Company and Georgia Pacific Corporation.

1.6 Overview of Existing Conditions Report

The purpose of the Existing Conditions Report is to document existing transportation conditions at

Felsenthal and Overflow NWRs. This information will be included in the Transportation Study report,

which will also identify future transportation needs and potential solutions to meet those needs.  

Section 2 of this report describes Felsenthal NWR existing conditions, while Section 3 describes

Overflow NWR existing conditions.  
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 7   

2. Felsenthal NWR Existing Conditions

2.1 Overview

Felsenthal NWR (Figure 2.1) is part of the South Arkansas Refuges Complex, and is managed and

maintained by the USFWS. It comprises an area of 65,000 acres.  

Figure 2.1:  Felsenthal NWR Visitors Center/Headquarters Entrance Sign

The Refuge objectives include:

• Provide habitat for migratory waterfowl and other birds

• Provide habitat and protection for endangered species such as the red cockaded woodpecker

and threatened species such as the American alligator and the bald eagle

• Provide recreation and environmental education for the public

• Protect cultural resources

2.1.1 Felsenthal NWR History

The Felsenthal NWR was established in 1975 as mitigation for the US Army Corps of Engineers creation

of the Ouachita and Black Rivers Navigation Project and Felsenthal Lock and Dam.    It is a natural

depression area and the Saline and Ouachita Rivers run through the Refuge along with a network of

sloughs, bayous, and lakes.

2.1.2 Regional Location

Felsenthal NWR is located in southern Arkansas. US 82 travels east‐west through the Refuge. Figure 1.2

shows the location of the Felsenthal NWR.  

In addition to US 82, Ashley, Union, and Bradley County roads and private roads also provide access to

the Refuge.  
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 8   

2.1.3 Visitation Summary and Profile

Approximately 400,000 people visited the Refuge last year.  Though official counts are not taken,

Refuge‐wide visitation estimates are based on the number of hunting/fishing permits.

Public use opportunities include hiking, fishing, wildlife observation, photography, hunting (youth and

adult hunts), environmental education and interpretation, and camping.

Hunts and fishing seasons and events at the Refuge are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Hunting and Fishing by time of year at Felsenthal NWR

Month(s) Activity

April Quota adult and youth turkey hunts

June Youth fishing derby

October to January Squirrel, rabbit, beaver, nutria, coyote, and feral hog hunting

October to January Archery deer hunting

November Quota gun deer hunt

November to January Quail, raccoon, and opossum hunting

November to January Waterfowl hunt

2.1.4 Entrances to the Refuge

There are a number of public entrances to the Felsenthal NWR.   

Major entrances on US 82 are listed below and noted on the Refuge map shown in Figure 1.2.

• Felsenthal Visitors Center/Refuge Complex Offices

• Shallow Lake Road area

• Old Beer Joint area

• Pine Island Access

Other access points are located off of North Road and Jones Lake Road from the west, through New Lock

6 Road to the US Army Corps of Engineers boat ramps south of the Refuge, and via Bradley County Road

53 and Bradley County Road 65 S from the north accessing Eagle Lake, Pereogeethe Lake, and Prairie

Island. The Refuge can also be accessed from the north at Charivari Creek, from the east at McIntyre

Bay, Goose Lake, and the Ouachita Bridge, and from the west at Locust Ridge.  

Most entrances to the Felsenthal NWR are not gated.  Paved parking areas exist at some boat ramps and

at the Visitors Center.  There is an unpaved parking area at the trailheads of the Sand Prairie Trail at the

Crossett Campground and off Pine Island Road.   
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 9   

Wayfinding signs for the Refuge are very limited on US 82.  Notification for westbound travelers of the

Visitors Center location only occurs in the vicinity of the entrance to the Visitors Center.   

2.2 Regional Transportation Conditions

This section describes the existing regional transportation infrastructure and traffic conditions.  

2.2.1 Regional Roadway Infrastructure

The Felsenthal NWR is located just west of the City of Crossett. The public access areas are served by US

82, North Road (private), Eagle Lake Road, New Lock 6 Road, Bradley County Road 65 S and Bradley

County Road 53.  US 82 and New Lock 6 Road are paved roadways, and all other access roads are packed

dirt with gravel.  Based on discussion with stakeholders and Refuge staff, these roadways are considered

the transportation network that will be evaluated for this project.  

Various other Ashley County, Bradley County, and Union County roads also provide access to the

additional access points stated in the previous section.   

2.2.1.1 US 82

US 82 is a two‐lane road with a posted speed limit of 55 mph and partially paved shoulders (Figure 2.2).   

The volume of truck‐traffic on this section of highway is very high and is a significant portion of the

traffic on this roadway as it serves timber industry activities.    Per Arkansas State Highway and

Transportation Department (AHTD) 2010 traffic counts; this roadway has Annual Average Daily Traffic

(AADT) volumes of 2,700 vehicles.  AHTD counts show that truck traffic makes up approximately 30% of

the traffic on US 82.   

Figure 2.2: US 82 in the vicinity of the Refuge Visitors Center
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 10   

The Sufficiency Rating formula is a method of evaluating highway bridge data by calculating several

factors (structural adequacy, safety, serviceability, functional obsolescence, and special reductions) to

obtain a numeric value that is indicative of the bridge’s sufficiency to remain in service and its funding

eligibility. The result of the Sufficiency Rating formula is a percentage in which 100 is an entirely

sufficient bridge and 0 is an entirely deficient bridge, bridges with sufficiency ratings of lower than 50

qualify for federal funding. Per the AHTD, the sufficiency ratings for the bridges on US 82 in Ashley and

Union Counties range from 56 to 84.

2.2.1.2 Jones Lake Road

Jones Lake Road is a packed dirt and gravel road.  It is located on the west side of the Refuge and travels

from the North Road to Jones Lake.

2.2.1.3 North Road (private)

North Road is a privately owned, packed dirt and gravel road.    It travels north‐south on the western

edge of the Refuge and is shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3:  North Road south of US 82

2.2.1.4 New Lock 6 Road (Figure 2.4)

New Lock 6 Road is a paved two‐lane roadway that is built on fill.  It travels east‐west from the Town of

Felsenthal to the Felsenthal Lock and Dam and boat ramp at the southern edge of the Refuge.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 11   

Figure 2.4:  New Lock 6 Road

2.2.1.5 Bradley County Road 65 S

Bradley County Road 65 S is a packed dirt and gravel roadway on the north side of the Refuge.  Bradley

County Road 65 S provides access to Pereogeethe Lake.    Figure 2.5 shows a timber bridge on the

roadway.  This bridge is weight limited to 4 tons for trucks with a short wheelbase and 7 tons for trucks

with a longer wheelbase (Figure 2.6).

Figure 2.5: Timber bridge on Bradley County Road 65 S
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 12   

Figure 2.6: Truck restrictions on Bradley County Road 65 S Timber Bridge

2.2.1.6 Bradley County Road 53

Bradley County Road 53 is a packed dirt and gravel roadway.  It provides access to Eagle Lake on the

north side of the Refuge.  One of the bridges on this road is being repaired at this time, as illustrated in

Figure 2.7.

Figure 2.7:  Bradley County Road 53

2.2.2 Historic Traffic Volumes

AHTD collected the following historical AADT data on US 82 in the vicinity of the Refuge from 2006 –

2010 as shown in Table 2.2.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 13   

Table 2.2: Historic AADT Volumes on US 82

Location Year

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US 82, east of the Felsenthal NWR 2,800 2,900 2,700 2,700 2,700

      Source: AHTD data

Traffic growth has remained relatively flat in this area over the past five years.

2.2.3 Area Transportation Mode Split

Mode split analysis identifies the method of travel (automobile, transit, walk or bike) people in a defined

geographic area take, expressed as a percentage of trips. As the main public access areas for the

Felsenthal NWR are in Ashley, Bradley, and Union Counties, data from the counties was used to

determine mode split. Approximately 93% of trips in Ashley County, 84% of trips in Bradley County, and

93% of the trips in Union County were taken by automobile. Analyzing mode split helps determine the

transportation demand characteristics of the local community. As the most congested time on roadways

often corresponds with the traditional work day, modal split analysis is often conducted based on how

people get to work. Journey‐to‐work data was obtained from the 2005  ‐  2009 American Community

Survey and is summarized for Ashley County, Bradley County, and Union County in Table 2.3. The 2005 ‐

2009 American Community Survey 5‐year estimates are based on the average traffic between 2005  ‐ 

2009.

Table 2.3: Mode Split Percentage for Ashley, Bradley and Union Counties

Mode Ashley County Bradley County Union County

Automobile 92.65% 83.74% 92.82%

Transit 0.28% 0.09% 0.01%

Walk/Bike 2.46% 11.21% 0.86%

Other 3.27% 3.16% 4.19%

Work at Home 1.34% 1.80% 2.12%

Source: 2005‐2009 American Community Survey 5‐Year Estimates

2.2.4 Crash Summary

Based on information provided by the AHTD for 2008  ‐ 2010, there were 11 crashes on US 82 in the

vicinity of the Refuge.  Of these crashes, 55% of the crashes were single vehicle crashes and almost 75%

were not located at intersections. Table 2.4 shows the number of crashes by crash type for this section

of US 82.  
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 14   

Table 2.4: Crashes by Type for US 82 in the Vicinity of the Refuge

2008 ‐ 2010

Crash Type Number of Accidents

Single Vehicle 6

Angle 2

Sideswipe 1

Rear‐end 1

Head on 1*

                    *Resulted in a fatality

                          Source: AHTD

Based on the latest data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, there were two traffic fatalities in

the vicinity of the Refuge on US 82, one in 2007 and one in 2008.   

2.2.5 Planned Area Transportation Improvement Projects

The AHTD, Districts 2 and 7, do not have any planned improvements identified in the vicinity of the

Refuge.

2.3 Refuge Transportation and Infrastructure

This section describes the existing transportation infrastructure within the Felsenthal NWR.  

2.3.1 Refuge Roads

Roadways within the Refuge are maintained by the Refuge and are mainly packed dirt with gravel.

However, the roadway and parking lot serving the Visitors Center/Complex Headquarters/Woodland

Wildlife Trail is paved.  

There are also a number of ATV trails in the Refuge.  

2.3.1.1 Woodland Wildlife Trail

The Woodland Wildlife Trail is a 0.43 mile wheelchair accessible trail adjacent to the Visitors Center as

shown in Figure 2.8.   
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 15   

Figure 2.8: Woodland Wildlife Trail Trailhead

2.3.1.2 Sand Prairie Trail

The Sand Prairie Trail (Figure 2.9) is a native trail that is 2.78 miles long.  It can be accessed from Pine

Island Road or through the Crossett Campground.

Figure 2.9:  Sand Prairie Trail Trailhead at the Crossett Campground

2.3.1.3 Water Transportation Access

There are six boat ramp locations located on the Refuge and accessed off of Refuge roads, Pine Island,

Deep Slough, Old Beer Joint (Figure 2.10), Shallow Lake, Jones Lake, Pereogeethe Lake, and Eagle Lake.  

Other boat ramp locations that provide access to the Refuge from off‐Refuge sites include the Felsenthal

Lock and Dam (Figure 2.11), Grand Marias Recreation Site and at the Port of Crossett (Figure 2.12).

These latter locations provide access to the Refuge but are not maintained by the Felsenthal NWR.  
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 16   

Figure 2.10: Old Beer Joint Boat Ramp

Figure 2.11:  Felsenthal Lock and Dam Boat Ramp
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 17   

Figure 2.12:  Port of Crossett Boat Ramp

2.3.2 Refuge Visitor Center and Office

The Visitors Center and Refuge Headquarters office is located on the eastern edge of the Refuge on US

82 and is shown in Figure 2.13.    The Visitors Center includes hands‐on, interactive exhibits showing

various areas of the Refuge and features cultural and historical information.    The Refuge Complex

headquarters are also within the Visitors Center building.  The parking area at the Visitors Center has 39

parking spaces (two of which are handicapped).   As stated previously, the Woodland Wildlife Trail is

adjacent to the Visitors Center.

Figure 2.13: Felsenthal NWR Visitors Center

2.4 Transportation Issues

Based on information collected during the site visit, the review of the existing conditions information,

the review of previous studies and discussions with stakeholders, there are some transportation issues

and opportunities to be studied further.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 18   

2.4.1 Turn lane improvements at Visitors Center Entrance on US 82

The westbound left‐turn lane into the Visitors Center is shown in Figure 2.14.    Based on field

observations and comments from stakeholders, there is concern that the current length of the turn lane

storage and taper is too short, given the roadway’s existing speed and vehicle volumes.  As measured in

the field, the storage length is 100 feet with a taper length of 150 feet.   

The potential for increasing the lengths of the turn lane and taper will be reviewed during the

Transportation Study based on the speed and traffic volume on US 82.  The results will be reviewed and

coordinated with the AHTD for a formal review.  

Also, the potential for adding an eastbound right‐turn lane will be reviewed as there are safety concerns

from stakeholders regarding eastbound vehicles entering the Visitors Center.  The through traffic on US

82 travels at a high rate of speed and closes in quickly on the vehicles turning into the Refuge,

potentially resulting in rear‐end collisions.

Figure 2.14:  Left‐Turn lane into Visitors Center

2.4.2 Large number of trucks on US 82 (Figure 2.15)

It was noted during the field observation visits that there is much higher than average truck traffic on US

82.  As stated previously, trucks comprise 30% of the traffic volume on US 82 based on AHTD data.  This

truck traffic is also traveling at high speeds since the speed limit is posted at 55 mph. This issue will be

reviewed further during the Transportation Study.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 19   

Figure 2.15: Example of Truck traffic on US 82

2.4.3 Sight Distance at Refuge exits on US 82

The sight distance measured in the field looking to the west as vehicles exit the Visitors Center entrance

measured to be approximately 325 feet due to the vertical curve in the roadway. This sight distance

from the driveway is shown in Figure 2.16.   

Figure 2.16: Sight Distance for US 82 (Westbound)

This will be studied further in the Transportation Study and the distance will be compared to

recommended site distance for these conditions.  

2.4.4 Speeding on US 82

It was noted by the stakeholders that there is concerns that traffic on US 82 is traveling higher than the

posted speed.  Based on discussions with the AHTD, a speed study can be requested for this area.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 20   

2.4.5 Signage Improvements

There is very limited directional signage for the Refuge on the surrounding roadways.  On US 82, there is

one directional sign to the Visitors Center and signs at the Refuge boundary.    There is very limited

signage in Crossett or other surrounding areas identifying how to get to the Refuge or the distance to

the Refuge.  This will be reviewed with the AHTD and County representatives during the study.

The Refuge has recently implemented a highway advisory radio broadcast to notify the public of

information about the Refuge. These broadcasts can include safety notifications and information, such

as the prescribed burning that occurs within the Refuge, and directional and general information about

Refuge events.  Signs with the information on the highway advisory radio are located within the Refuge.  

There are no signs on the adjacent public roadways identifying this highway advisory station.  This will

be reviewed during the study with the AHTD.

2.4.6 Trail Enhancements

Currently, there is no formal trail map for the Refuge.  The development of this map and the addition of

new walking/biking trail routes will be considered to enhance the visitors’ experience.

As part of the trail map development, the development of an auto‐tour in the Refuge route will also be

considered.

2.4.7 Siltation and Slip areas at Boat Ramps

One item noted by the stakeholders was the siltation at boat ramps, as it is sometimes troublesome to

get the boat from the ramp to the channel.  It was also noted that there is no location for a boater to

moor his boat after putting it into the water.  The potential of adding a slip at various locations such as

Crossett Harbor was suggested.

2.4.8 Determine Formal Access Points to the Refuge

Some of the Refuge access points are via private roads.  If these private roadways fall into disrepair or if

a bridge fails, access to the Refuge in that area is compromised.    A recommended process will be

outlined in the Transportation Study, beginning with identifying the critical Refuge access points, then

coordination with the private land owners as an opportunity to develop a formal agreement to maintain

access to key Refuge entrances.

2.5 Other Considerations

2.5.1 Community Features

Based on a review of the area for parks, schools, places of worship, cemeteries, and civic buildings in the

study area, it was found that there are no major community facilities in the immediate vicinity of the

Felsenthal NWR. Crossett, Arkansas has elementary, middle, and high schools; civic buildings; and places

of worship within approximately five and ten miles of the Refuge.  Smaller cities and towns have civic

facilities and places of worship in the vicinity of the Refuge boundary.    Figure 2.17 shows the

approximate locations of these features.
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Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges

Transportation Study

Contract No.: DTFH71-09-D-00001

Felsenthal NWR Community Resources

Figure 2.17 - Felsenthal NWR Community Resources

Visitors Center and

Complex Headquarters

Source:

Arkansas Geographic Information Office

US Department of Agriculture

US Fish and Wildlife

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USFWS Refuge Boundary

State Boundary

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Municipalities

Bodies of Water

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Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 22   

2.5.2 Demographic Profile of Study Area

Felsenthal NWR is located in three counties in southeast Arkansas: Ashley County, Bradley County, and

Union County. All three counties containing the Refuge have experienced a decline in population over

the past decade of almost 10%. In addition, the nearby municipalities of Crossett and Strong, Arkansas

saw a reduction in population between 2000 and 2010 of approximately 10% and 14%, respectively.  

The Refuge is not immune to the impacts a declining population has on a community and could result in

decreased user demand at the Refuge and impact the overall economic vitality of the region. Analyzing

the transportation network in and around the Refuge ensures that the USFWS can provide acceptable

levels of mobility, operation, and safety.  

Table 2.5 shows the population figures in the counties and cities in proximity to the Refuge.

Table 2.5:  Population for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR

Location 2000 2010 Total Change Percent Change

Arkansas 2,673,400 2,915,918 242,518 9.1%

Ashley County 24,209 21,853  ‐2,356  ‐9.7%

City of Crossett 6,097 5,507  ‐590  ‐9.7%

Bradley County 12,600 11,508  ‐1,092  ‐8.7%

Union County 45,629 41,639  ‐3,990  ‐8.7%

City of Strong 651 558  ‐93  ‐14.3%

Source: 2010 US Census

2.5.3 Environmental Justice Impacts

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

“Environmental Justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race,

color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of

environmental laws, regulations, and policies. EPA has this goal for all communities and persons across

this Nation. It will be achieved when everyone enjoys the same degree of protection from

environmental and health hazards and equal access to the decision‐making process to have a healthy

environment in which to live, learn, and work.”

For this plan, poverty level, income, and race in counties and municipalities in proximity to the Refuge

were analyzed.  

Poverty

The percentage of individuals living below the national poverty level is 13.5%. Arkansas has a higher

than normal percentages of individuals living below the poverty level at 17.7%. The three Arkansas

counties containing Felsenthal NWR are all greater than the national average, with all of the counties

exceeding 20%. Municipalities located near the Refuge are also experiencing higher than normal poverty

levels, when compared with national averages.  
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 23   

Table 2.6 shows the percentage of individuals living below the poverty level in the counties and

municipalities in proximity to the Refuge.

Table 2.6:  Poverty Levels for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR

Location Population

Population with income in

the past 12 months below

poverty level

Percent Below  

Poverty Level

United States 293,507,923 39,537,240 13.5%

Arkansas 2,755,680 488,788 17.7%

Ashley County 21,637 4,393 20.3%

City of Crossett 4,872 1,310 26.9%

Bradley County 11,856 4,140 34.9%

Union County 42,226 8,714 20.6%

City of Strong 249 48 19.3%

Source: 2005‐2009 American Community Survey 5‐year estimates

Detailed information on poverty level can be found in the Appendix.

Income

Median household income in Arkansas ($38,542) is below the national median household income of

$51,425 based on 2005 – 2009 American Community Survey 5‐year Estimates. Table 2.7 shows the

median household income in the study area and within select municipalities relative to the national

median. Additional detailed information on income can be found in the Appendix.

Table 2.7: Median Household Income for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR

Median Household Income

United States $51,425

Arkansas $38,542

Ashley County $33,007

City of Crossett $25,889

Bradley County $26,207

Union County $35,732

City of Strong $26,250

Source: 2005‐2009 American Community Survey 5‐year estimates  
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 24   

Race

Whites comprise approximately 65% of the population in the three counties containing the Refuge.

Blacks or African Americans comprise approximately 12%. The state average of Blacks or African

Americans is 15% and the nation average is 12.6%. No other race categories make up a significant

percentage of the population in the study area.  

Table 2.8 shows the numbers of individuals by race in the study area and within select municipalities

relative to national and state values. Detailed information on race is also included in the Appendix.

Table 2.8:  Individuals by Race for Counties and Cities near Felsenthal NWR

Location United States Arkansas

Ashley

County

City of

Crossett

Bradley

County

Union

County

City of

Strong

Total 308,745,538 2,915,918 21,853 5,507 11,508 41,639 558

White Alone 223,553,265 2,245,229 15,143 3,025 6,934 26,276 176

Black or African

American Alone 38,929,319 449,895 5,640 2,326 3,173 13,721 339

American Indian and

Alaska Native Alone 2,932,248 22,248 70 8 56 143 1

Asian Alone 14,674,252 36,102 40 26 27 207 1

Native Hawaiian and

Other Pacific Islander

Alone

540,013 5,863 3 0 1 14 0

Some Other Race Alone 19,107,368 99,571 709 63 1,162 756 30

Two or More Races 9,009,073 57,010 248 59 155 522 11

Source: 2010 US Census

2.5.4 Air Quality

The Felsenthal NWR is located in three counties, Ashley County, Bradley County, and Union County. All

three of these counties are currently in attainment for all of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS) criteria pollutants.  

2.5.5 Habitat

The Felsenthal NWR is comprised of a variety of habitats including bottomland hardwood forest, prairie,

upland pine forest, and open water.  As stated previously, this is a natural depression with a multitude

of rivers, creeks, sloughs, bayous, swamps, etc.   During winter (from November to late spring), up to

21,000 acres of the bottomland hardwood forest can be flooded, making the location attractive to

wintering waterfowl.    Table 2.9 shows the breakdown of habitat type and Figure 2.18 illustrates the

locations of the various habitats.
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Ashley Road 227

Bradley 60 Rd

Bolding Rd

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Bradley 53 Rd

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Bradley 61 Rd

Bradley 63 Rd

Ballard Rd

Bradley 151 Rd

Pagan Rd

Pine Tree Rd

Ashley Road 246

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Cooter Rd

Darling Trl

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Union Rd 824

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Jones Lake Rd

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/

Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges

Transportation Study

Contract No.: DTFH71-09-D-00001

Felsenthal NWR Habitat Type

Figure X.X - Felsenthal NWR Habitat Type

Visitors Center and

Complex Headquarters

Source:

Arkansas Geographic Information Office

US Department of Agriculture

US Fish and Wildlife

Legend

USFWS Refuge Boundary

State Boundary

County Boundary

Habitat Type

Bottomland Hardwood Forest

Open Water

Prairie

Road

Upland Pine Forrest

US Highway

State Highway

Other Road

Railroad

Bodies of Water

Municipalities
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 26   

Table 2.9: Habitat Type at Felsenthal NWR

Habitat Type Acres

Subcategory Subcategory Acreage

Permanent Water 15,000

Forestland 49,383

Pine 9,490

Pine‐Hardwood 705

Bottomland Hardwood 39,000

Upland Hardwood 188

Open Fields, Prairies, and Nonproductive Areas 617

Total 65,000

Source: Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation Plan, 2010

As discussed in the Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation

Plan, 2010 (CCP), flooding is the Refuge’s means of managing water levels and is called green‐tree

reservoir management.  Felsenthal NWR has the largest green‐tree reservoir in the world with the ability

to flood approximately 36,000 acres each winter.    Tree species in the green‐tree reservoir area are

primarily overcup oak‐water hickory but also includes nuttall oak, willow oak, and/or sweetgum.   

Forestland is also actively managed through prescribed burning, thinning, regeneration, and stand

improvement to enhance and maintain optimum habitat conditions for many birds, waterfowl, and

resident wildlife.  The Timber‐Wildlife Management Plan (1995) dictates that sound silviculture practices

be performed to provide a diversity of habitat.    In upland areas, the timber is managed for the

endangered red cockaded woodpecker, and artificial nests are placed in mature pines to supplement the

other cavities.

The current wildlife list for the Felsenthal NWR contains at least 200 species of birds (100 species that

nest), 40 species of mammals, 70 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 90 fish species.  Over 300,000

waterfowl have been found in the Refuge in a given year.  Felsenthal NWR has the only population of

the endangered red cockaded woodpeckers on NWRs in the state.  Trees that host colonies (Figure 2.19)

are marked with white bands within the Refuge.    Felsenthal NWR also hosts bald eagles during the

winter.   
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 27   

Figure 2.19: Red Cockaded Woodpeckers Marked Trees

Twenty‐four of the 30 threatened and endangered species in Arkansas can be found at Felsenthal NWR,

most of which are aquatic species.    The red cockaded woodpecker, bald eagles, alligator snapping

turtles, Rafinesque’s big‐eared bat, southeastern myotis bat are known to be located on the Refuge.  

The potential for pondberry (an endangered plant) exists but has not been documented on the Refuge.

Similarly, the pink mucket mussel has been found in the vicinity of the Refuge but not within the Refuge

Boundary.  There have also been coordinated black bear management efforts throughout the years at

the Refuge.  

2.5.6 Floodplains and Wetlands

As discussed in the habitat section of the report, most of the Refuge is considered wetlands.

2.5.7 Cultural Resources

The Felsenthal NWR is the located in an area where Caddo Indian activity dates back 5,000 years ago.  

This was also an area where farming settlements existed from 900 – 1600 AD. On the Refuge, there are

remains of seasonal fishing camps, temple mounds with ceremonial plaza and Indian villages.  Before

the Civil War, agriculture was the primary land use for this area.  The war curbed large‐scale agricultural

development and larger plantations were sold off in pieces after the war.  Timber then became a main

industry in the area.    This area also experienced an “oil boom” in the 1920s, which resulted in high

bromine concentrations, which has now helped Arkansas, be the largest producer of bromine in the

world.  The Visitors Center at the Refuge showcases the history of this area.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 28   

3. Overflow NWR Existing Conditions

3.1 Overview

Overflow NWR (Figure 3.1) is part of the South Arkansas Refuges Complex, and is managed and

maintained by the USFWS. It comprises an area of approximately 14,000 acres in Ashley County,

Arkansas.  

Figure 3.1: Overflow NWR Entrance Sign

The Refuge objectives are:

• Provide diversity of habitat types for migratory waterfowl and other birds

• Provide habitat and protection for threatened bald eagle

• Provide opportunities for environmental and ecological research

• Provide a variety of recreational opportunities consistent with primary wildlife objectives

• Expand the public’s understanding of and appreciation for the environmental with special

emphasis on natural resources

3.1.1 Overflow NWR History

Established in 1980, to protect one of the remaining bottomland hardwood forests, Overflow NWR

provides unique opportunities for visitors.  There are a number of sloughs and creeks within the Refuge.

3.1.2 Regional Location

Overflow NWR is located in Ashley County, Arkansas, five miles west of Wilmot, Arkansas.  The Refuge

can be accessed via SR 173 and SR 8.  Figure 1.3 shows the location of the Overflow NWR.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 29   

3.1.3 Visitation Summary and Profile

Approximately 15,000 people visit the Overflow NWR annually. Though official counts are not taken

Refuge‐wide, visitation estimates are based on the number of hunting permits issued.

Public use opportunities include trails, wildlife observation, photography and hunting.

Annual scheduled hunting seasons at the Refuge are shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1:  Hunting by time of year at Overflow NWR

Month(s) Activity

October Muzzleloader deer hunting

October to January Archery deer hunting

October to January Rabbit/Squirrel hunting

November to January Waterfowl hunting

3.1.4 Entrances to the Refuge

The primary public use opportunity in the Refuge is waterfowl hunting.   Visitors also visit for wildlife

observation and photography.    Fishing is currently prohibited as studies have shown that the fish

population is contaminated with agricultural and industrial chemicals.   

Parking areas are located off SR 8, SR 173, Ashley County Road 34, and five unpaved roads on the west

side of the Refuge.  However, it should be noted that not all access points are accessible at this time due

to the conditions of the private roads.

Wayfinding is very limited around the Refuge.  Directional signing was observed in Hamburg, as shown

in Figure 3.2.  Additional wayfinding signs were also located along SR 8 in the vicinity of the entrance to

the Overflow NWR headquarters, as shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.2: Directional sign for Refuge in Hamburg
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 30   

Figure 3.3:  Direction sign for Refuge Headquarters

3.2 Regional Transportation Conditions

This section describes the existing regional transportation infrastructure and traffic conditions.

3.2.1 Regional Roadway Infrastructure

Overflow NWR is located west of Wilmot, Arkansas and has public access points on SR 8, SR 173 and

Ashley County Road 34, along with five unpaved roadways.  These roadways define the transportation

network that will be reviewed for this project.

3.2.1.1 SR 8  

SR 8 is a two‐lane roadway with a posted speed of 55 mph.   The Refuge is located on SR 8 between

Hamburg and Parkdale, Arkansas.    Per AHTD 2010 traffic counts, this roadway carries 580 Annual

Average Daily Traffic (AADT) just west of Parkdale in the vicinity of the Refuge.   

As stated previously, the Sufficiency Rating formula is a method of evaluating highway bridge data by

calculating several factors to obtain a numeric value that is indicative of the bridge’s sufficiency to

remain in service and its funding eligibility. The result of the Sufficiency Rating formula is a percentage in

which 100 is an entirely sufficient bridge and 0 is an entirely deficient bridge, bridges with sufficiency

ratings of lower than 50 qualify for federal funding. Per the AHTD, the sufficiency ratings for the bridges

on SR 8 in Ashley County in the vicinity of the Refuge are both approximately 73.

3.2.1.2 SR 173

SR 173 is a two‐lane roadway with a posted speed limit of 55 mph.  The Refuge is located on SR 173 west

of Wilmot. Per AHTD 2010 traffic counts; this roadway carries 50 AADT just east of the Refuge.   

Per the AHTD, the sufficiency rating for the bridge on SR 173 in Ashley County in the vicinity of the

Refuge is approximately 84.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 31   

3.2.1.3 Ashley County Road 34

Ashley County Road 34 (Figure 3.4) is a two‐lane roadway with a posted speed limit is 45 mph.   This

roadway connects SR 8 and SR 173 on the eastern side of the Refuge.

Figure 3.4:  Ashley County Road 34

3.2.2 Historic Traffic Volumes

Arkansas State Highway and Transportation collected the following historical data on SR 8 and SR 173 in

the vicinity of the Refuge from 2006 – 2010 as shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Historic Traffic Volumes on SR 8 and SR 173

Location Year

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

SR 8, west of Parkdale 640 610 610 520 580

SR 173, east of the Overflow NWR 40 40 60 50 50

Source: AHTD

Traffic growth has remained relatively flat in this area over the past five years.

3.2.3 Area Transportation Mode Split

Mode split analysis identifies the transportation method (automobile, transit, walk or bike) people in a

defined geographic area use, expressed as a percentage of trips. Approximately 93% of trips in Ashley

County were taken by automobile. Analyzing mode split helps determine the transportation demand

characteristics of the local community. As the most congested time on roadways often corresponds with

the traditional work day, modal split analysis is often conducted based on how people get to work.

Journey‐to‐work data was obtained from the 2005 ‐ 2009 American Community Survey and compiled for

Ashley County is summarized in Table 3.3. The 2005  ‐  2009 American Community Survey 5‐year

estimates are based on the average of travel between 2005 ‐ 2009.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 32   

Table 3.3: Mode Split Percentage for Ashley County

Mode Ashley County

Automobile 92.65%

Transit 0.28%

Walk/Bike 2.46%

Other 3.27%

Work at Home 1.34%

                                                    Source: 2005‐2009 American Community Survey 5‐Year Estimates

3.2.4 Crash Summary

Based on information provided by the AHTD from 2008  ‐ 2010, there were 13 crashes on SR 8 in the

vicinity of the Refuge.  Of these crashes, 54% of the crashes were single vehicle crashes. Table 3.4 shows

the number of crashes by crash type for this section of SR 8.

Table 3.4: Crashes by Type on SR 8 in the Vicinity of the Refuge

2008 ‐ 2010

Crash Type Number of Accidents

Single Vehicle 7*

Rear‐End 2

Head On 2

Angle 2

Source: AHTD  

*One accident resulted in a fatality

There were no reported crashes from 2008 – 2010 in the vicinity of the Refuge on SR 173 based on

AHTD data.

Based on the latest data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and AHTD data, there was one

fatality in 2009 on Ashley County Road 364 on the southeast side of the Refuge and one fatality on SR 8

in the vicinity of the Refuge in 2008.

3.2.5 Planned Area Transportation Improvement Projects

The AHTD, District 2, does not have any planned improvements identified in the vicinity of the Refuge.

3.3 Refuge Transportation and Infrastructure

This section describes the existing transportation infrastructure within the Overflow NWR.  

3.3.1 Refuge Roads

Roadways within the Refuge and maintained by the Refuge are mainly packed dirt with gravel, and the

parking areas are packed dirt with gravel.  There are no formal walking/biking trails in the Refuge.   

There are also a number of ATV trails in the Refuge.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 33   

3.3.2 Water Transportation Access

Boat landings occur throughout the Refuge with most being in the southern area of the Refuge.  

3.4 Transportation Issues

Based on observations during the site visit, review of the existing conditions information, review of

existing reports, and discussions with stakeholders, there are some transportation issues/opportunities

to be studied further.

3.4.1 Determine Formal Access Points to the Refuge

Many of the Refuge access points are via private roads.  If these private roadways fall into disrepair or if

a bridge fails, access to the Refuge in that area is compromised.    A recommended process will be

outlined in the Transportation Study, beginning with identifying the critical Refuge access points, then

coordination with the private land owners as an opportunity to develop a formal agreement to maintain

access to key Refuge entrances.

3.4.2 Enhance Visitor Experience

There is currently no formal education program for visitors or a formal trail map for the Refuge.  The

addition of the walking/biking trail routes could be created to enhance the visitors’ experience.

As part of the trail map development, the development of an auto‐tour route should also be considered.

3.5 Other Considerations

3.5.1 Community Features

A review of parks, schools, places of worship, cemeteries, and civic buildings immediately around the

study area for the Overflow NWR was performed. The closest schools to this area are in Hamburg or

Wilmont, Arkansas. Civic buildings for the Cities of Parkdale and Wilmot are both within approximately

five miles from the Refuge.  Civic buildings in the city of Hamburg are approximately 15 miles from the

Refuge.  Figure 3.5 shows the approximate locations of these community features.

3.5.2 Demographic Profile of Study Area

Overflow NWR is located in Ashley County, Arkansas.    Ashley County has experienced a decline of

growth over the past decade with a reduction of almost 10%. In addition, the nearby municipalities of

Hamburg, Parkdale, and Wilmot saw reductions in population between 2000 and 2010 of approximately

6%, 27%, and 30%, respectively.  

The Refuge is not immune to the impacts a declining population has on a community and could result in

decreased user demand at the Refuge and impact the overall economic vitality of the region. Analyzing

the transportation network in and around the Refuge ensures that the USFWS can provide acceptable

levels of mobility, operation, and safety.  

Table 3.5 shows the population figures in the counties and cities in proximity to the Refuge.
nm

XW

XW XW

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#*

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£¤165

Ashley Co.

Morehouse Parish

Arkansas

Louisiana

¬«8

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342

Ashley 182 339

Co Rd 323

Co Rd 29

31

329

314

32

343

33

943

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317

166

334

State Hwy 52 E

35

945

353

State Hwy 173

Camp Rd

Co Rd 319

327

Co Rd 318

369

326

Co Rd 346

352

US Hwy 165 S

Ashley Road 34

Co Rd 364

Co Rd 316

371

341

Co Rd 333

344

336

340

Co Rd 315

49

Co Rd 949

Co Rd 49

Co Rd 354

Co Rd 308

Co Rd 358

351

Co Rd 360

Bayou St

172

Cowpen Rd

Co Rd 347

2nd

Sunshine

332

3rd

Co Rd 343

337

Cedar Valley Rd

367

Parker St

Co Rd 374

Tanksley Rd

Ashley 371 Rd

US Hwy 165 S

Co Rd 308

Wilmot

Parkdale

0 1 2 0.5

Miles

/

Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges

Transportation Study

Contract No.: DTFH71-09-D-00001

Overflow NWR Community Resources

Figure 3.5 - Overflow NWR Community Resources

Refuge Headquarters

Source:

Arkansas Geographic Information Office

US Department of Agriculture

US Fish and Wildlife

Legend

USFWS Refuge Boundary

State Boundary

County Boundary

Municipalities

Bodies of Water

US Highway

State Highway

Other Road

Railroad

^_ Law Enforcement

XW Cemetery

!( Places of Worship

#* Civic Building

nm School
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 35   

Table 3.5:  Population for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR

Location 2000 2010 Total Change Percent Change

Arkansas 2,673,400 2,915,918 242,518 9.1%

Ashley County 24,209 21,853  ‐2,356  ‐9.7%

City of Hamburg 3,039 2,857  ‐182  ‐6.0%

City of Parkdale 377 277  ‐100  ‐26.5%

City of Wilmot 786 550  ‐236  ‐30.0%

Source: 2010 US Census

3.5.3 Environmental Justice Impacts

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

“Environmental Justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race,

color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of

environmental laws, regulations, and policies. EPA has this goal for all communities and persons across

this Nation. It will be achieved when everyone enjoys the same degree of protection from

environmental and health hazards and equal access to the decision‐making process to have a healthy

environment in which to live, learn, and work.”

For this plan, poverty level, income, and race in counties and municipalities in proximity to the Refuge

were analyzed.  

Poverty

The percentage of individuals below the poverty level at the national level is 13.5%. Arkansas’ poverty

level is higher than national levels of percent of individuals below the poverty level at 17.7%. The

poverty level for Ashley County is greater than the national average at 20.3%, Hamburg, the largest

municipality in close proximity to the Refuge, also has a high percentage below the poverty level at

almost 30%.  

Table 3.6 shows the percentage individuals below the poverty level in Ashley County and the City of

Hamburg.

Table 3.6:  Poverty Level for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR

Location Population

Population with income in

the past 12 months below

poverty level

Percent Below  

Poverty Level

United States 293,507,923 39,537,240 13.5%

Arkansas 2,755,680 488,788 17.7%

Ashley County 21,637 4,393 20.3%

City of Hamburg 2,734 808 29.6%

Source: 2005‐2009 American Community Survey 5‐year estimates
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 36   

Detailed information on poverty level can be found in the Appendix.

Income

Median household income in Arkansas ($38,542) is below the national median household income of

$51,425 based on US Census data. Table 3.6 shows the median household income in the study area and

within select municipalities relative to the national median. Additional detailed information on income

can be found in the Appendix.

Table 3.6:  Median Household Income for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR

Median Household Income

United States $51,425

Arkansas $38,542

Ashley County $33,007

City of Hamburg $30,469

Source: 2005‐2009 American Community Survey 5‐year estimates  

Race

Whites comprise the majority of the population in Ashley County at approximately 69%. Blacks or

African Americans comprise approximately 26%. The state average of Blacks or African Americans is 15%

and the nation average is 12.6%. Although not the majority, Blacks or African Americans comprise a

significant portion of the population. No other race categories make up a significant percentage of the

population in the study area.  

Table 3.7 shows the numbers of individuals by race in Ashley County and the City of Hamburg relative to

national and state values. Detailed information on race is also included in the Appendix.

Table 3.7:  Individuals by Race for Counties and Cities near Overflow NWR

Location United States Arkansas Ashley

County

City of

Hamburg

Total 308,745,538 2,915,918 21,853 2,857

White Alone 223,553,265 2,245,229 15,143 1,664

Black or African American Alone 38,929,319 449,895 5,640 859

American Indian and Alaska Native

Alone 2,932,248 22,248 70 20

Asian Alone 14,674,252 36,102 40 4

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific

Islander Alone 540,013 5,863 3 1

Some Other Race Alone 19,107,368 99,571 709 273

Two or More Races 9,009,073 57,010 248 36

           Source: 2010 US Census
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 37   

3.5.4 Air Quality

The Overflow NWR is located in Ashley County. The county is currently in attainment for all of the

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) criteria pollutants.  

3.5.5 Habitat

The Overflow NWR is comprised primarily of a bottomland hardwood forest with a portion of the Refuge

having been previously converted to cropland.  Table 3.8 shows the habitat types and their acreages.  

Figure 3.6 shows these habitat types.

Table 3.8:  Overflow NWR Habitat Type and Acreages

Habitat Types Acres

Cropland/Moist Soil Rotation 600

Cropland only 245

Grassland Management 35

Moist Soil only 520

Reforested 2,020

Marsh 50

CRP Pine 179

Beaver Ponds & Scrub/Shrub Wetlands 1,500

Bottomland Hardwood Forest 8,625

Upland Hardwood/Pine 175

Administrative 24

Total 13,973

Source: CCP, 2010

Based on the CCP, 4,000 acres of the bottomland hardwood forest can be flooded annually as the green‐

tree reservoir, similar to the Felsenthal NWR.   

The bottomland hardwood forest mainly contains willow oak and overcup oak.   Other trees include

hickory, elm, green ash, bald cypress and tupelo gum.

The cropland has 600 acres in moist soil rotation and 250 acres is used for crops such as rice, corn,

soybeans and sometimes winter wheat and milo.   

The current wildlife list for the Overflow NWR contains at least 200 species of birds (100 species that

nest), 40 species of mammals, 70 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 90 fish species.  Over 300,000

waterfowl have been found in the Refuge in a given year.  Overflow NWR also hosts bald eagles during

the winter.   

Twenty‐four of the 30 threatened and endangered species in Arkansas can be found at Overflow NWR,

most of which are aquatic species.  The least tern, bald eagles, alligator snapping turtles, Rafinesque’s

big‐eared bat, southeastern myotis bat are known to be located on the Refuge.    The potential for

pondberry (an endangered plant) exists but has not been documented on the Refuge. Similarly, the pink

mucket mussel has been found in the vicinity of the Refuge but not within the Refuge Boundary.  There

have also been coordinated black bear management efforts throughout the years at the Refuge.  
£¤165

Ashley Co.

Morehouse Parish

Arkansas

Louisiana

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¬«173

342

Ashley 182

339

Co Rd 323

Co Rd 29

329

314

343

943

31

37

32

317

33

166

334

State Hwy 52 E

35

353

State Hwy 173

Camp Rd

945

Co Rd 319

327

Co Rd 318

369

326

Co Rd 346

352

US Hwy 165 S Ashley Road 34

Co Rd 364

Co Rd 316

173

371

341

Co Rd 333

344

336

340

Co Rd 949

Doc Mayo Rd

Co Rd 354

49 Co Rd 308 359

Chitlin Trl

351

172

Cowpen Rd

Co Rd 363

332

Co Rd 38

337

Merganser Rd

Cedar Valley Rd

Armstrong Rd

Tanksley Rd

Ashley 371 Rd

Co Rd 308

Wilmot

Parkdale

0 1 2 0.5 / Miles

Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges

Transportation Study

Contract No.: DTFH71-09-D-00001

Overflow NWR Habitat Type

Figure 3.6 - Overflow NWR Habitat Type

Refuge Headquarters

Source:

Arkansas Geographic Information Office

US Department of Agriculture

US Fish and Wildlife

Legend

Study Area Refuge

State Boundary

County Boundary

Municipalities

US Highway

State Highway

Other Road

Railroad

Habitat Type

Moist Soil

Bottomland Hardwood Forest

Open Water
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 39   

3.5.6 Floodplains and Wetlands

As discussed in the habitat section of the report, most of the Refuge is considered wetlands.

3.5.7 Cultural Resources

Similar to the area around the Felsenthal NWR, the Overflow NWR is the located in an area where

Caddo Indian activity dates back 5,000 years ago.    This was also an area where farming settlements

existed from 900 – 1600 AD. In the 1800s this land was acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase and

the Indians were eventually moved.  Before the Civil War, agriculture was the primary land use for this

area.  The war curbed large‐scale agricultural development and larger plantation were sold off in pieces

after the war.  Timber became a main industry in the area.  For over 100 years, the land in and around

the Refuge has been farmed which resulted in a nearly complete loss of wetlands and associated

wetlands.      

4. Conclusion

The information from this Existing Conditions report will be used in the Transportation Study to develop

short‐, medium‐, and long‐term recommendations.
Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Transportation Study January 2012

Existing Conditions Report 40   

References

Felsenthal NWR and Overflow NWR Visitation Data

Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan, October 2010

Felsenthal and Overflow National Wildlife Refuges Fact Sheets and Maps

2005 – 2009 American Community Survey 5‐year Estimates

2000 Census

2010 Census

Discussion with FHWA staff

Discussion with USFWS staff

Discussion with stakeholders

Site Visit

Area traffic counts, truck percentage data, bridge sufficiency data, planned improvements data, and

crash data from AHTD
   

APPENDIX  

Supporting Data Tables  
C17002. RATIO OF INCOME TO POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS - Universe:

POPULATION FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

United States Arkansas Louisiana Ashley County, Arkansas Bradley County, Arkansas

Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error

Total: 293,507,923 +/-15,551 2,755,680 +/-1,171 4,285,810 +/-1,068 21,637 +/-848 11,856 +/-173

Under .50 17,124,388 +/-123,530 194,770 +/-5,149 336,474 +/-8,572 1,485 +/-442 1,720 +/-746

.50 to .99 22,412,852 +/-139,923 294,018 +/-6,457 453,160 +/-7,946 2,908 +/-616 2,420 +/-835

1.00 to 1.24 12,916,533 +/-69,974 166,180 +/-5,030 228,620 +/-6,442 1,369 +/-420 849 +/-254

1.25 to 1.49 13,265,892 +/-65,424 163,597 +/-4,598 224,763 +/-6,510 1,354 +/-419 1,006 +/-366

1.50 to 1.84 18,480,297 +/-75,034 219,694 +/-6,052 291,882 +/-6,174 2,388 +/-479 827 +/-327

1.85 to 1.99 7,985,406 +/-41,799 94,379 +/-3,738 123,882 +/-4,748 1,129 +/-475 287 +/-150

2.00 and over 201,322,555 +/-432,726 1,623,042 +/-10,757 2,627,029 +/-13,056 11,004 +/-790 4,747 +/-1,189

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

B19013. MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2009 INFLATIONADJUSTED DOLLARS) - Universe: HOUSEHOLDS

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

United States Arkansas Louisiana Ashley County,

Arkansas

Bradley County,

Arkansas

Estimate

Margin

of

Error

Estimate

Margin

of

Error

Estimate

Margin

of

Error

Estimate Margin

of Error Estimate Marginof Error

Median household income in the past 12 months (in 2009 inflation-adjusted dollars) 51,425 +/-83 38,542 +/-288 42,167 +/-259 33,007 +/-2,200 26,207 +/-3,273

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

Main Search Feedback FAQs Glossary Site Map Help

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 1 of 2

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_200... 11/29/2011
the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

Standard Error/Variance documentation for this dataset:

Accuracy of the Data

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 2 of 2

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_200... 11/29/2011
C17002. RATIO OF INCOME TO POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS - Universe:

POPULATION FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

Union County, Arkansas Morehouse Parish, Louisiana Union Parish, Louisiana Crossett city, Arkansas Hamburg city, Arkansas

Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error Estimate Margin of Error

Total: 42,226 +/-538 27,856 +/-296 22,393 +/-243 4,872 +/-846 2,734 +/-20

Under .50 4,226 +/-820 4,176 +/-792 2,250 +/-517 263 +/-192 162 +/-128

.50 to .99 4,488 +/-731 3,693 +/-729 2,635 +/-729 1,047 +/-398 646 +/-251

1.00 to 1.24 2,973 +/-615 1,176 +/-333 1,181 +/-328 233 +/-172 151 +/-99

1.25 to 1.49 2,164 +/-492 1,574 +/-355 1,172 +/-393 224 +/-177 141 +/-129

1.50 to 1.84 3,786 +/-659 2,835 +/-669 1,331 +/-402 567 +/-283 337 +/-166

1.85 to 1.99 803 +/-275 838 +/-415 1,115 +/-447 57 +/-78 80 +/-82

2.00 and over 23,786 +/-1,100 13,564 +/-792 12,709 +/-858 2,481 +/-608 1,217 +/-195

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

B19013. MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2009 INFLATIONADJUSTED DOLLARS) - Universe: HOUSEHOLDS

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

Union County,

Arkansas

Morehouse

Parish,

Louisiana

Union Parish,

Louisiana

Crossett city,

Arkansas

Hamburg city,

Arkansas

Estimate Margin

of Error Estimate Marginof Error Estimate Marginof Error Estimate Marginof Error Estimate Marginof Error

Median household income in the past 12 months (in 2009 inflation-adjusted dollars) 35,732 +/-2,238 31,264 +/-1,696 35,788 +/-2,923 25,889 +/-4,641 30,469 +/-6,718

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

Main Search Feedback FAQs Glossary Site Map Help

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 1 of 2

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_200... 11/29/2011
While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

Standard Error/Variance documentation for this dataset:

Accuracy of the Data

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 2 of 2

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_200... 11/29/2011
C17002. RATIO OF INCOME TO POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS - Universe:

POPULATION FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

Strong city, Arkansas

Estimate Margin of Error

Total: 249 +/-92

Under .50 24 +/-26

.50 to .99 24 +/-27

1.00 to 1.24 15 +/-28

1.25 to 1.49 34 +/-31

1.50 to 1.84 52 +/-54

1.85 to 1.99 0 +/-119

2.00 and over 100 +/-51

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

B19013. MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2009 INFLATIONADJUSTED DOLLARS) - Universe: HOUSEHOLDS

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

Strong city, Arkansas

Estimate Margin of Error

Median household income in the past 12 months (in 2009 inflation-adjusted dollars) 26,250 +/-8,278

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Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 1 of 2

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

Standard Error/Variance documentation for this dataset:

Accuracy of the Data

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 2 of 2

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B17001. POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS BY SEX BY AGE - Universe:

POPULATION FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

United States Arkansas Louisiana Ashley County,

Arkansas

Bradley County,

Arkansas

Estimate Margin of

Error Estimate Marginof Error Estimate Margin ofError Estimate

Margin

of

Error

Estimate Margin

of Error

Total: 293,507,923 +/-15,551 2,755,680 +/-1,171 4,285,810 +/-1,068 21,637 +/-848 11,856 +/-173

Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: 39,537,240 +/-250,842 488,788 +/-8,350 789,634 +/-11,838 4,393 +/-686 4,140 +/-1,382

Male: 17,404,017 +/-121,411 212,199 +/-4,366 327,541 +/-6,258 1,865 +/-403 2,209 +/-878

Under 5 years 2,246,058 +/-24,934 28,959 +/-1,303 45,760 +/-1,684 179 +/-96 217 +/-73

5 years 387,217 +/-5,900 4,968 +/-464 8,672 +/-782 0 +/-119 85 +/-68

6 to 11 years 2,180,473 +/-22,990 29,527 +/-1,235 47,762 +/-1,914 242 +/-92 196 +/-73

12 to 14 years 1,021,800 +/-11,500 12,266 +/-718 21,441 +/-1,201 144 +/-76 36 +/-37

15 years 360,373 +/-5,273 4,080 +/-482 7,045 +/-542 18 +/-24 11 +/-13

16 and 17 years 671,257 +/-7,114 7,701 +/-646 13,953 +/-974 74 +/-51 20 +/-25

18 to 24 years 2,636,966 +/-17,239 28,796 +/-1,388 49,916 +/-2,132 307 +/-202 278 +/-204

25 to 34 years 2,052,232 +/-15,047 25,636 +/-1,453 30,968 +/-1,350 162 +/-107 543 +/-357

35 to 44 years 1,784,478 +/-16,228 21,192 +/-1,129 26,897 +/-1,312 198 +/-89 426 +/-237

45 to 54 years 1,721,899 +/-13,923 20,081 +/-928 31,194 +/-1,365 264 +/-83 189 +/-152

55 to 64 years 1,221,965 +/-11,321 15,425 +/-732 23,413 +/-1,037 184 +/-80 142 +/-160

65 to 74 years 603,536 +/-5,225 7,100 +/-536 11,603 +/-674 28 +/-21 35 +/-31

75 years and over 515,763 +/-5,002 6,468 +/-450 8,917 +/-562 65 +/-51 31 +/-28

Female: 22,133,223 +/-133,914 276,589 +/-4,960 462,093 +/-6,792 2,528 +/-375 1,931 +/-546

Under 5 years 2,172,424 +/-23,155 28,519 +/-1,203 45,210 +/-1,629 223 +/-50 238 +/-103

5 years 373,941 +/-5,320 4,804 +/-521 9,062 +/-775 98 +/-83 0 +/-119

6 to 11 years 2,111,885 +/-23,991 28,114 +/-1,348 46,104 +/-1,846 267 +/-106 170 +/-105

12 to 14 years 992,831 +/-11,853 12,187 +/-661 22,271 +/-1,035 61 +/-50 77 +/-65

15 years 348,452 +/-4,741 3,954 +/-383 7,374 +/-675 70 +/-60 8 +/-9

16 and 17 years 691,091 +/-7,805 9,393 +/-658 13,928 +/-744 82 +/-46 71 +/-71

18 to 24 years 3,415,171 +/-16,005 38,090 +/-1,573 73,487 +/-2,164 393 +/-151 193 +/-79

25 to 34 years 3,231,361 +/-23,404 41,804 +/-1,487 65,256 +/-1,844 327 +/-101 300 +/-112

35 to 44 years 2,566,593 +/-22,348 28,721 +/-1,289 49,844 +/-1,677 274 +/-93 109 +/-73

45 to 54 years 2,137,461 +/-17,274 26,521 +/-1,160 45,491 +/-1,674 340 +/-98 298 +/-236

55 to 64 years 1,636,813 +/-11,738 20,480 +/-848 35,067 +/-1,193 153 +/-63 159 +/-168

65 to 74 years 1,056,243 +/-5,863 14,051 +/-653 22,738 +/-902 76 +/-44 146 +/-139

75 years and over 1,398,957 +/-8,675 19,951 +/-892 26,261 +/-1,019 164 +/-92 162 +/-61

Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: 253,970,683 +/-261,705 2,266,892 +/-8,577 3,496,176 +/-11,825 17,244 +/-944 7,716 +/-1,413

Male: 126,523,466 +/-128,282 1,130,260 +/-4,859 1,740,692 +/-6,279 8,759 +/-462 3,810 +/-867

Under 5 years 8,253,489 +/-25,433 70,809 +/-1,257 110,579 +/-1,767 489 +/-96 244 +/-47

5 years 1,588,955 +/-9,989 14,510 +/-886 20,604 +/-1,162 97 +/-55 48 +/-36

6 to 11 years 9,875,803 +/-25,283 87,092 +/-1,743 134,427 +/-2,221 722 +/-157 260 +/-85

12 to 14 years 5,256,613 +/-16,438 43,470 +/-1,284 72,458 +/-1,864 405 +/-96 145 +/-65

15 years 1,816,107 +/-8,125 16,233 +/-697 25,443 +/-952 110 +/-40 65 +/-38

16 and 17 years 3,662,772 +/-9,661 32,854 +/-898 52,598 +/-1,268 346 +/-57 166 +/-83

18 to 24 years 11,056,411 +/-16,708 93,393 +/-1,420 175,074 +/-1,836 557 +/-133 79 +/-145

25 to 34 years 17,783,656 +/-17,579 155,796 +/-1,556 241,724 +/-1,931 1,163 +/-229 381 +/-201

35 to 44 years 19,063,617 +/-18,299 159,522 +/-1,327 247,660 +/-1,435 1,224 +/-145 525 +/-235

45 to 54 years 19,398,444 +/-17,680 168,549 +/-1,146 267,544 +/-1,522 1,322 +/-96 634 +/-189

55 to 64 years 14,317,270 +/-12,617 137,782 +/-934 199,349 +/-1,085 1,181 +/-80 527 +/-161

65 to 74 years 8,281,353 +/-5,744 88,502 +/-673 114,938 +/-743 875 +/-60 420 +/-56

75 years and over 6,168,976 +/-5,516 61,748 +/-569 78,294 +/-753 268 +/-232 316 +/-45

Female: 127,447,217 +/-138,354 1,136,632 +/-5,097 1,755,484 +/-6,984 8,485 +/-578 3,906 +/-592

Under 5 years 7,865,763 +/-24,309 66,677 +/-1,302 103,710 +/-1,689 478 +/-87 116 +/-69

5 years 1,528,879 +/-9,646 13,078 +/-752 22,510 +/-1,030 57 +/-57 37 +/-37

6 to 11 years 9,393,512 +/-28,618 82,586 +/-1,460 125,382 +/-2,043 599 +/-131 355 +/-87

12 to 14 years 4,984,504 +/-16,497 42,246 +/-1,197 68,178 +/-1,650 369 +/-124 118 +/-60

15 years 1,725,768 +/-6,885 14,640 +/-650 23,399 +/-1,120 231 +/-92 48 +/-28

16 and 17 years 3,454,552 +/-9,703 30,143 +/-787 50,059 +/-1,010 211 +/-66 80 +/-40

18 to 24 years 9,743,603 +/-14,342 82,318 +/-1,556 147,752 +/-2,121 470 +/-140 148 +/-69

25 to 34 years 16,553,243 +/-24,998 144,801 +/-1,507 227,471 +/-2,153 1,030 +/-122 401 +/-59

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35 to 44 years 18,694,939 +/-24,385 159,504 +/-1,397 249,472 +/-1,762 1,253 +/-118 631 +/-109

45 to 54 years 19,940,647 +/-19,795 173,827 +/-1,129 279,997 +/-1,757 1,189 +/-98 586 +/-220

55 to 64 years 15,171,205 +/-12,953 145,674 +/-976 211,249 +/-1,259 1,299 +/-63 582 +/-112

65 to 74 years 9,396,764 +/-6,856 96,842 +/-859 131,553 +/-1,000 634 +/-231 343 +/-209

75 years and over 8,993,838 +/-10,446 84,296 +/-931 114,752 +/-1,143 665 +/-145 461 +/-107

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

Standard Error/Variance documentation for this dataset:

Accuracy of the Data

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 2 of 2

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_200... 11/29/2011
B17001. POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS BY SEX BY AGE - Universe:

POPULATION FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

Union County,

Arkansas

Morehouse

Parish, Louisiana

Union Parish,

Louisiana

Crossett city,

Arkansas

Hamburg city,

Arkansas

Estimate Margin

of Error Estimate Margin ofError Estimate Marginof Error Estimate Marginof Error Estimate Marginof Error

Total: 42,226 +/-538 27,856 +/-296 22,393 +/-243 4,872 +/-846 2,734 +/-20

Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: 8,714 +/-755 7,869 +/-813 4,885 +/-744 1,310 +/-413 808 +/-268

Male: 3,730 +/-403 3,364 +/-399 2,102 +/-404 504 +/-258 366 +/-168

Under 5 years 467 +/-133 323 +/-130 335 +/-122 64 +/-79 6 +/-12

5 years 167 +/-80 89 +/-60 6 +/-9 0 +/-119 0 +/-119

6 to 11 years 555 +/-125 596 +/-138 369 +/-148 44 +/-42 62 +/-63

12 to 14 years 304 +/-124 302 +/-100 219 +/-105 71 +/-56 58 +/-62

15 years 72 +/-47 114 +/-76 134 +/-92 11 +/-20 7 +/-12

16 and 17 years 156 +/-83 103 +/-53 110 +/-93 5 +/-9 8 +/-13

18 to 24 years 587 +/-164 333 +/-143 139 +/-106 205 +/-184 27 +/-30

25 to 34 years 263 +/-117 427 +/-140 188 +/-95 10 +/-16 62 +/-72

35 to 44 years 350 +/-138 350 +/-155 142 +/-99 15 +/-25 14 +/-16

45 to 54 years 414 +/-116 270 +/-97 162 +/-89 58 +/-42 104 +/-81

55 to 64 years 234 +/-111 186 +/-80 158 +/-86 13 +/-20 10 +/-17

65 to 74 years 73 +/-41 98 +/-49 50 +/-37 0 +/-119 5 +/-8

75 years and over 88 +/-49 173 +/-53 90 +/-44 8 +/-17 3 +/-7

Female: 4,984 +/-488 4,505 +/-517 2,783 +/-417 806 +/-234 442 +/-163

Under 5 years 553 +/-106 534 +/-99 184 +/-68 110 +/-78 49 +/-52

5 years 60 +/-74 20 +/-31 111 +/-83 0 +/-119 16 +/-26

6 to 11 years 285 +/-116 512 +/-138 87 +/-80 66 +/-57 53 +/-46

12 to 14 years 272 +/-115 251 +/-96 236 +/-124 11 +/-18 24 +/-36

15 years 38 +/-43 65 +/-47 20 +/-24 23 +/-30 0 +/-119

16 and 17 years 189 +/-73 192 +/-83 111 +/-70 24 +/-33 0 +/-119

18 to 24 years 901 +/-122 280 +/-103 239 +/-116 227 +/-122 79 +/-87

25 to 34 years 438 +/-136 725 +/-159 457 +/-133 92 +/-66 50 +/-43

35 to 44 years 522 +/-122 388 +/-109 348 +/-143 55 +/-43 25 +/-30

45 to 54 years 612 +/-157 468 +/-128 239 +/-105 84 +/-65 82 +/-62

55 to 64 years 525 +/-109 382 +/-107 236 +/-76 29 +/-30 30 +/-22

65 to 74 years 178 +/-64 272 +/-87 203 +/-59 26 +/-29 9 +/-9

75 years and over 411 +/-109 416 +/-93 312 +/-114 59 +/-60 25 +/-38

Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: 33,512 +/-914 19,987 +/-839 17,508 +/-750 3,562 +/-782 1,926 +/-268

Male: 16,259 +/-600 9,864 +/-403 8,792 +/-382 1,773 +/-397 891 +/-164

Under 5 years 1,013 +/-140 691 +/-130 422 +/-103 64 +/-42 89 +/-39

5 years 227 +/-107 77 +/-55 71 +/-49 41 +/-47 5 +/-8

6 to 11 years 1,019 +/-157 663 +/-162 586 +/-149 79 +/-66 80 +/-48

12 to 14 years 617 +/-130 321 +/-89 303 +/-108 50 +/-49 10 +/-12

15 years 389 +/-108 245 +/-104 126 +/-77 6 +/-11 14 +/-17

16 and 17 years 432 +/-98 219 +/-101 118 +/-60 106 +/-64 49 +/-39

18 to 24 years 1,220 +/-179 949 +/-155 787 +/-106 133 +/-95 55 +/-50

25 to 34 years 1,896 +/-218 1,013 +/-161 1,135 +/-109 256 +/-181 113 +/-52

35 to 44 years 2,291 +/-140 1,410 +/-182 1,212 +/-92 209 +/-106 162 +/-64

45 to 54 years 2,623 +/-153 1,519 +/-115 1,469 +/-86 230 +/-99 105 +/-59

55 to 64 years 2,205 +/-115 1,386 +/-77 1,216 +/-98 290 +/-95 82 +/-42

65 to 74 years 1,321 +/-49 807 +/-61 846 +/-45 244 +/-81 76 +/-35

75 years and over 1,006 +/-93 564 +/-63 501 +/-51 65 +/-78 51 +/-56

Female: 17,253 +/-502 10,123 +/-543 8,716 +/-446 1,789 +/-438 1,035 +/-162

Under 5 years 910 +/-131 429 +/-96 557 +/-57 70 +/-55 57 +/-41

5 years 236 +/-93 153 +/-102 88 +/-55 0 +/-119 11 +/-13

6 to 11 years 1,235 +/-188 641 +/-117 556 +/-146 98 +/-60 81 +/-48

12 to 14 years 700 +/-172 329 +/-104 322 +/-135 115 +/-69 64 +/-48

15 years 178 +/-95 135 +/-73 133 +/-63 55 +/-44 74 +/-65

16 and 17 years 506 +/-81 237 +/-87 223 +/-65 52 +/-38 8 +/-11

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18 to 24 years 886 +/-124 965 +/-103 696 +/-117 131 +/-91 59 +/-50

25 to 34 years 2,055 +/-159 1,034 +/-159 980 +/-109 161 +/-89 101 +/-51

35 to 44 years 2,342 +/-132 1,480 +/-109 1,090 +/-118 183 +/-79 211 +/-89

45 to 54 years 2,719 +/-160 1,722 +/-131 1,509 +/-92 291 +/-107 93 +/-49

55 to 64 years 2,058 +/-110 1,314 +/-109 1,209 +/-75 318 +/-109 112 +/-48

65 to 74 years 1,594 +/-77 935 +/-87 844 +/-73 164 +/-83 79 +/-43

75 years and over 1,834 +/-149 749 +/-142 509 +/-121 151 +/-95 85 +/-54

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

Standard Error/Variance documentation for this dataset:

Accuracy of the Data

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 2 of 2

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_200... 11/29/2011
B17001. POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS BY SEX BY AGE - Universe:

POPULATION FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED

Data Set: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

Survey: American Community Survey

NOTE. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population

Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of

housing units for states and counties.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Survey Methodology.

Strong city, Arkansas

Estimate Margin of Error

Total: 249 +/-92

Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: 48 +/-38

Male: 25 +/-23

Under 5 years 4 +/-8

5 years 0 +/-119

6 to 11 years 0 +/-119

12 to 14 years 0 +/-119

15 years 0 +/-119

16 and 17 years 4 +/-8

18 to 24 years 12 +/-15

25 to 34 years 0 +/-119

35 to 44 years 0 +/-119

45 to 54 years 5 +/-9

55 to 64 years 0 +/-119

65 to 74 years 0 +/-119

75 years and over 0 +/-119

Female: 23 +/-18

Under 5 years 0 +/-119

5 years 0 +/-119

6 to 11 years 0 +/-119

12 to 14 years 0 +/-119

15 years 0 +/-119

16 and 17 years 0 +/-119

18 to 24 years 13 +/-14

25 to 34 years 0 +/-119

35 to 44 years 3 +/-5

45 to 54 years 4 +/-6

55 to 64 years 3 +/-6

65 to 74 years 0 +/-119

75 years and over 0 +/-119

Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: 201 +/-86

Male: 102 +/-45

Under 5 years 0 +/-119

5 years 0 +/-119

6 to 11 years 8 +/-14

12 to 14 years 9 +/-10

15 years 4 +/-6

16 and 17 years 5 +/-7

18 to 24 years 0 +/-119

25 to 34 years 6 +/-7

35 to 44 years 14 +/-17

45 to 54 years 20 +/-13

55 to 64 years 8 +/-11

65 to 74 years 28 +/-24

75 years and over 0 +/-119

Female: 99 +/-49

Under 5 years 0 +/-119

5 years 0 +/-119

6 to 11 years 5 +/-9

12 to 14 years 0 +/-119

15 years 0 +/-119

16 and 17 years 17 +/-26

18 to 24 years 0 +/-119

25 to 34 years 11 +/-15

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Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 1 of 2

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35 to 44 years 0 +/-119

45 to 54 years 8 +/-8

55 to 64 years 25 +/-19

65 to 74 years 11 +/-13

75 years and over 22 +/-15

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2005-2009 American Community Survey

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling

variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of

error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of

error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to

sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of

the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

While the 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the November 2008 Office of Management and

Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of

the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic

entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census

2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the

ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were

available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.

2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to

compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest

interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.

4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.

5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended

distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.

6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not

appropriate.

Standard Error/Variance documentation for this dataset:

Accuracy of the Data

Detailed Tables - American FactFinder Page 2 of 2

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_200... 11/29/2011
P3 RACE

Universe: Total population2010 Census Summary File 1

NOTE: For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/sf1.pdf.

United States Arkansas Louisiana Ashley County,

Arkansas

Bradley

County,

Arkansas

Union C

Arkan

Total: 308,745,538 2,915,918 4,533,372 21,853 11,508  White alone 223,553,265 2,245,229 2,836,192 15,143 6,934  Black or African American alone 38,929,319 449,895 1,452,396 5,640 3,173  American Indian and Alaska Native alone 2,932,248 22,248 30,579 70 56  Asian alone 14,674,252 36,102 70,132 40 27  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 540,013 5,863 1,963 3 1  Some Other Race alone 19,107,368 99,571 69,227 709 1,162  Two or More Races 9,009,073 57,010 72,883 248 155 

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Crossett city,

Arkansas

Hamburg city,

Arkansas

Strong city,

Arkansas

Total: 5,507 2,857 558 White alone 3,025 1,664 176 Black or African American alone 2,326 859 339 American Indian and Alaska Native alone 8 20 1 Asian alone 26 4 1 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 1 0 Some Other Race alone 63 273 30 Two or More Races 59 36 11

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census.

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