20	April	2015 1

TABLE	OF	CONTENTS

• Section	1:	General

• Section	2:	Air	Vehicle	and	Systems	Description

• Section	3:	Operating	Limitations &	Restrictions

• Section	4:	Performance

• Section	5:	Emergency	Procedures

• Section	6:	Weight	and	Balance/Equipment	List

• Section	7:	Handling,	Service	and	Maintenance

• Section	8:	Supplements

• Section	9:	Checklist

SECTION	– 1 GENERAL

INTRODUCTION

Our	core	principal	is	based	on	the	idea	that	showcasing	our	client’s	projects is	paramount	to	our	success.		At all	times	

you	should	remember	that	you	represent	the	client,	the	UAS	industry,	and	Upstate	Aerial.		If	at	any	time	you	as	an	

individual	or	crew	feel	that	operating	an Upstate	Aerial	UAS	conflicts	with	the	previously	mentioned,	or	may	cause	harm	

to	property	or	the	bystanders,	DO	NOT	FLY.		

This	manual shall	be	used	to	establish	the	minimum	standard	of	care	for	all	aircraft	and	operational	procedures	for	

Upstate	Aerial	Photography	&	Editing,	LLC.		It	contains	the	checks	to	be	accomplished	during	normal	and	emergency	

procedures,	and	performance.		Checklists	in	this	manual	shall	be	printed,	laminated	in	plastic,	and	kept	with	the	UAS	

flight	crew	at	all	times.	

Insurance	is	a	critical	component	of	Upstate	Aerial’s	operational	procedures.		Not	only	would it	be	expensive	to	repair	an	

aircraft	in	the	event	of	an	incident,	but	you	yourself	may	be	liable	for	damages	to	persons	or	property	if	it	is	determined	

that	you	operated	in	an	unsafe	manner.		All	clients	shall	be	provided	with	proof	of	Upstate	Aerial’s	insurance	upon	

request.		

This	manual	has	been	produced	from	a	condensation	of	the	manufactures	aircraft	manual(s)	and	Upstate	Aerials	

established	operational	procedures.		Checklist	procedures	denoted	with	an	*	indicate	performance	steps	mandatory	for	

all	thru-flights.		Emergency	procedures	that	are	underlined shall	be	performed	without	reference	to	the	checklist.		Flight	

control	LED	error	message	legends	shall	be	memorized	so	that	the	pilot	and	visual	observer	know	what	to	do	without	

hesitation.		At	the	completion	of	each	flight	the	pilot	in	command	(PIC)	shall	be	responsible	for	filling	out	flight	log.

In	an	effort	to	minimize	costs	and	maximize	spare	parts	availability,	many	COTS	(commercial	off the	shelf)	components	

have	been	utilized.	Some	may	have	slight	modifications	to	better	suit	this	application.		Most	COTS	products	have	

separate	data	sheets,	assembly	manuals	and	instruction	manuals.	They	are referenced in	this	document, with	key	factors	

being	emphasized.

As	with	all	high	technology	products	utilizing	constantly	evolving	software,	it	is	important	to	periodically check	for	online	

upgrades	to	the	COTS	components,	including	hardware,	firmware	and	software.
20	April	2015 2

AERODYNAMIC	KNOWLEDGE

Upstate	Aerial	pilots	and	visual	observers	should	understand	the	basic	principals	of	rotorcraft	flight.		Although	detailed	

FAA	handbooks	do	not	yet	exist	for	UAS’s,	Upstate	Aerial	believes	that	existing	FAA	handbooks	for	full	size	aircraft	

provide	a	wealth	of	knowledge	that	allow	us	ensure	our	operations	adhere	to	the	most	stringent	standards	of	safety.			

All	pilots	and	visual	observers	are	required	to	review	the	following	chapters	from	the	Helicopter	Instructors	Handbook	

(FAA-H-8083-4)	and	be	able	to	describe	how	concepts	in	the	handbook	apply	to	UAS	rotor	systems:

o Chapter	3	– Aerodynamics	of	Flight

o Chapter	7	– Weight	&	Balance

o Chapter	8	– Helicopter	Performance

o Chapter	10	– Basic	Flight	Maneuvers

o Chapter	11	– Advanced	Flight	Maneuvers

o Chapter	12	– Helicopter	Emergencies	

o Chapter	17	– Single	Pilot	Resource	Management,	Aeronautical	Decision-Making,	and	Risk	Management

In	addition to	the	above	it	should	be	understood	that	as	batteries	are	used	in	a	flight,	the	amount	of	available	reserve	

power	is	constantly	decreasing.		While	UAS’s	may	have	enough	power	to	lift	off	initially	on	a	full	charge,	the	power	

reserve	at	partial	charge	may	be	too	low	to	allow	for	safe	maneuvering	which	may	result	in	a	hard	landing	or	crash.			Due	

to	this,	operations	without	battery	monitoring	or	loading	of	a	rotorcraft	above	limits	prescribed	in	this	manual	is	

prohibited

USE	OF	WORDS	SHALL,	WILL,	SHOULD,	AND	MAY

Within	this	technical	manual	the	word	“shall”	is	used	to	indicate	a	mandatory	requirement.	The	word	“will”	is	used	to	

express	a	declaration	of	purpose.	The	word	“should”	is	used	to	indicate	a	non-mandatory	but	preferred	method	of	

accomplishment.	The	word	“may”	is	used	to	indicate	an	acceptable	method	of	accomplishment.
20	April	2015 3

GENERAL	CHARACTERISTICS

• Economical	due	to	extensive	use	of	COTS	products

• Low	Visual	Signature

• Low	Aural	Signature

• Quick	Launch	and	Recovery

• Short	Training	Period

• Simple	Operation

• Waypoint	Navigation

• Backpackable

• VTOL

• Quick	Repairs

• Redundant	Flight	Systems

• Safety	Return	to	Home	during	lost	link	or	low	battery

• High	Degree	of	Mission	Success

• GPS	navigation	aid

• Various	sensors

• 24lb	max	takeoff	weight

• Operating	Temp	Range:	-5°C	to	+60°C

• Flight	Modes:	Manual	and	GPS	aided	waypoint	navigation

• Maximum	Operating	Altitude:	1000	meters

• Maximum	Operation	Wind	Conditions:	10	m/s

• Propulsion	System:	LiPoly	batteries

• Takeoff:	Manual	or	Automatic

• Landing:	Manual	or	Automatic

• Takeoff/Recovery	Area:	5m	square
20	April	2015 4

TYPICAL MISSION	PROFILES

• ISR	(Intelligence,	Surveillance,	and	Reconnaissance)

• Corporate	events	(ie:	banquets,	conventions,	awards	ceremonies,	expositions,	demonstrations)

• Outdoor	events	(ie:	boating	regattas,	automobile	racing,	moto-cross,	sporting)

• Promotional	video	and	commercial	production	for	businesses	and	film	industry

• Thermal	video	for	solar	industry

• Thermal	and	HD	video	for	commercial	grade	towers	I.E.	Cell	Towers,	Radio	Towers

• Thermal	video	for	construction	inspections

• Real	estate	video	showcasing	of	residential	and	commercial	grade	properties	for	the	purpose	of	resale

• Aerial	mapping	and	plotting of	commercial	and	residential	land.	(ie:	topography	for	new	construction,	

agricultural	planning	and	inspection	of	new	and	existing	crops)

• Imaging	for	photogrammetry	for	the	Architectural,	Engineering,	and	Construction	(AEC)	industry

WARNINGS

• Never	power	a	video	transmitter	or	receiver	without	an	antenna	connected	or	overload	failure	will	occur.

• Great	care	must	be	taken	with	the	batteries.	Much	of	this	manual	and	supplemental	information	is	devoted	to	

the	use	and	care	of	the	batteries,	especially	the	flight	batteries.	They	are	less	volatile	than	gasoline,	though	they	

should	be	treated	with	the	same	respect.	Become	very	familiar	with	proper	techniques	of	their	use.

• Batteries	are	highly	flammable	and	can	explode,	especially	when	fully	charged.	Improper charging,	vibration,	

impact,	high	discharge,	etc.	can	lead	to	explosion	and	fire.	

• Batteries	shall be	charged	under	constant	supervision	in	LiPo	Guard	safety	bags using	proper	precautions as	

directed	by	the	battery	manufacturer.

• Batteries	shall	stored	in	LiPo	Guard	safety	bags	when	not	in	use.

• Store	batteries	between	20%	- 60%	charged	state.	Fully	charge	just	before	use.

• Fully	charged	batteries	which	are	not	to	be	used	within	24	hours	should	be	discharged	to	20% - 60%	charged	

state.		Batteries	shall	not	be	stored above	60%	charged	state.

• Discharging	LiPo batteries	in	excess	of	80%	of	their	rated	capacity	may cause	harm	to	the batteries.

• Using	more	than	one	battery	at	a	time	requires	the	proper	wiring	harness	so	that	the	voltage	is no	more	than	

25.2V (S900).	Over	voltage	will	cause	serious	damage	to	electrical	equipment.

• Proper	CG	is critical	to	performance.	Airframe	shall not	be	overloaded as	prescribed	in	Section	5	of	this	manual.

• Propellers	should be	balanced	to	avoid	excessive	vibration.

• GPS/Compass	shall be	forward	facing	as	indicated	by	the	arrow	on	the	compass	puck.

• Never use	GPS	Mode	without	GPS	lock (6	satellites	minimum).

• Low strength	thread	locking	compound	shall	be	used	on	all	screws.

• Wireless	Video	and	Data	ranges	vary	considerably	on	many	factors	including	weather, equipment,	and	

obstructions.	Be	prepared	for	com	failures.
20	April	2015 5

SECTION	2 - AIR	VEHICLES	AND	SYSTEMS	DESCRIPTION

IMPORTANT	DIMENSIONS

• Distance	Diagonal	Base	Out	to	Out (Arms	Extended):	

o 38.375” – DJI	S900

o 24.25”	– DJI	S550

• Height	with	GPS/Compass	up:	

o 24.75” – DJI	S900

o 18.25”	– DJI	S550

• DJI Inspire

o 17.24” x 17.76” x 11.85”

WEIGHTS

• 10.36lbs	– 18.07lbs	– DJI	S900

• 2.65lbs	– 5.28lbs	– DJI	S550

• 6.47lbs	– DJI	Inspire	(including	battery)

MOTORS

• Manufacturer:	DJI-Innovations/	SunnySky	Motors

• Number	of	motors:	4	- 6

• Motor	Sator	Size:	

o 41mm	x	14mm – DJI S900

o 22mm	x 12mm – DJI	S550

o 35mm	x	10mm	– DJI	Inspire

• Motor	Model	Number:	

o DJI	4114	Pro – DJI	S900

o SunnySky	x2212 – DJI	S550

o DJI	3510 – DJI	Inspire

• Motor	KV/RPM:	

o 400 – DJI	S900

o 980 – DJI	S550

o 700	– DJI	Inspire

• Motor	Max	Power:	

o 500	Watts – DJI	S900

o 300 Watts	– DJI	S550

o 555	Watts	– DJI	Inspire
20	April	2015 6

PROPELLERS

• Manufacturer:	DJI-Innovations

• Material:	High	Strength	Performance	Engineered	Plastics/	Carbon	Fiber

• Number	of	propellers:	4-6

• Propeller	model	number:	

o DJI	1552 – DJI	S900 (HSPEP)

o DJI	1038 – DJI	S550 (CF)

o DJI	1345 – DJI	Inspire (HSEP)

• Number	of	blades per	motor	mount:	2

• Propeller	Diameter:	10”	– 15”

• Propeller	Pitch	(fixed):	3.8”	- 5.2”

• Max	rpm:	10,000	rpm

ELECTRONIC	SPEED	CONTROLS

• Manufacturer:	DJI-Innovations

• Number	of	speed	controls:	4-6

• Speed	control	model	number:	

o DJI	40A	Opto – DJI	S900

o DJI	15A Opto– DJI	S550

o Internal – DJI	Inspire

• Rating	in	amps:	15	- 40	Amps	continuous

• Signal	Frequency:	30	- 450	Hz

• Drive	PWM	Frequency:	8	KHz

AUTOPILOT

• Manufacturer:	DJI-Innovations

• Autopilot	Model	Number:	

o DJI	A2 – DJI	S900

o DJI	Naza	V2	– DJI	S550

o Internal	– DJI	Inspire

• Components:	GPS/Compass,	IMU,	Master	Controller,	Power	Distribution	System,	LED	Indicator	Lighting	System,	

Data	Transceiver,	GCS	Software

• Operating	Temp	Range:	-5°C	to	+60°C (DJI	A2),	-10°C	to	+50°C (Naza	V2)

• Software	Compatible:	Windows	XP	sp3	/	Windows	7 /	Windows	8
20	April	2015 7

AUTOPILOT (cont)

• Hovering	Accuracy:	Vertical/	Horizontal	

o ±	0.5m	– ±	1.5m – A2

o ±	0.8m	– ±	2.5m – Naza	V2

o ±	0.5m	– ±	2.5m – Inspire

• Max	Yaw	Angular	Velocity

o 150°/s – A2

o 200°/s – Naza	V2

o 150°	– Inspire

• Max	Tilt	Angle

o 35°	– All

• Accent/	Decent	

o 6m/s,	6m/s	– A2

o 6m/s,	4.5m/s	– Naza	V2

o 5m/s,	4m/s	– Inspire

GIMBALS

• Distributor:	DJI-Innovations	

• Model	Number:	

o Zenmuse	Z15-GH3	– DJI	S900

o Zenmuse	H3-3D	– DJI	S550

o Zenmuse	X3	– DJI	Inspire

• Supported	Camera/	Lens

o Panasonic	GH3/	Olympus	M.Zuiko	12mm	– Zenmuse	Z15-GH3

o Go-Pro	Hero	3-4	– Zenmuse	H3-3D

o X3	– Zenmuse	X3

• Working	Current:	Static/Dynamic

o 200mA	(@25V),	400mA	(@25V)	– Zenmuse	Z15-GH3

o 400mA	(@12V),	600mA	(@12V)	– Zenmuse	H3-3D

o 750mA,	900mA	– Zenmuse	X3

• Operating	Temp	Range:	-10°C	to	+50°C	

• Controlled	Angle	Accuracy

o ±0.01°	– Zenmuse	Z15-GH3

o Tilt/Roll:	±0.02°;Yaw:	±0.03°	– Zenmuse	H3-3D

o ±0.03°	– Zenmuse	X3

• Maximum	Controlled	Rotation	Speed

o Pan	axis:	±130°/s,	Tilt	axis:	±130°/s,	Roll	axis:	±30°/s	– Zenmuse	Z15-GH3

o Tilt	axis:	±130°/s	– Zenmuse	H3-3D

o Pitch:	120°/s,	Pan:	180°/s	– Zenmuse	X3
20	April	2015 8

GIMBALS	(cont)

• Controlled	Rotation	Range

o Pan:	±360°	continuous	rotation,	Tilt:	±360°	continuous	rotation,	Roll:	±40°	– Zenmuse	Z15-GH3

o Tilt	axis	control:	-130	~	+45°	– Zenmuse	H3-3D

o Pitch:	-90°	to	+30°,	Pan:	±320°	– Zenmuse	X3

WIRELESS	LINKS

• Distributor:	DJI-Innovations /	Feelworld	/	ImmersionRC

• Frequencies:

o 2.4	Ghz	Datalink	– DJI	Ground	Station

o 2.4	Ghz	Command	&	Control/	Video	– DJI	Lightbridge

o 5.8	Ghz	Video – Freeworld	PVR1032/	Immersion	A/V	Tx

• Power	Comsumption

o 460mW	– DJI	Ground	Station

o 700mA	(Air),	600mA	(Ground)	– DJI	Lightbridge

o 13W - Feelworld

o 3W	– Immersion	A/V	Tx

• Input/Output:	FM,	RF,	Audio,	Video,	HDMI

• Usable	Range:	Less	than	2	km
20	April	2015 9

FLIGHT	BATTERY

• Manufacturers:	Various	COTS	suppliers.	Refer	to	manufacturer	data	sheets.

• Battery	chemistry	recommended:	Lithium	Polymer

• Battery	Capacity	Minimums	(UAS):	

o 16,000	mah	– DJI	S900

o 8,000	mah	– DJI	S550

o 4,500	mah	– DJI	Inspire

o Per	manuf	– Tx/	Rx/	Video

• Battery	cell	count	required:	

o DJI	S900	– 6S	(6	cells	in	series)

o DJI	S550	– 3S	(3	cells	in	series)

o DJI	Inspire	- 6S	(6 cells	in	series)

o Per	manuf.	– Tx/	Rx/	Video

• Battery	Voltage:	

o DJI	S900	– 21V	minimum	at	hover,	22.2V	nominal,	25.2V	maximum

o DJI	S550	– 10.4V	minimum	at	hover,	10.5V	nominal,	12.6V	maximum	

o DJI	Inspire	– 21V	minimum	at	hover,	22.2V	nominal,	25.2	maximum

• Battery	Minimum	Rated	Discharge	Rate:	

o DJI	S900	– 182.4	Wh

o DJI	S550	– 88.8	Wh

o DJI	Inspire	– 99.9	Wh

• Battery	Minimum	Charge	Rate:	0.5C	per	1000mah	rating	

• Battery	Maximum	Charge	Rate:	1C	per	1000mah	rating

• Battery	Rest	Time	between	discharging	and	charging: 0-30	minutes

• Batteries	used	simultaneously:	1-4

• Recommended	Battery	Discharge	Amount:	80-90%

WIRELESS	COMMUNICATIONS

• Refer	to	the	specific	manuals	for	complete	performance	ratings/	operational	instructions.

• Never	power	a	video	transmitter	or	receiver	without	an	antenna	connected	or	overload	failure	will	occur.

• LOS	is	required	for	all	wireless	communications

• The	higher	the	GCS	antennas,	the	better	the	range	and	reception

• Any	wireless	communication	device	may	have	severe	degradation	due	to	proximity	to	other	admitters	such	as	

cell	towers.		Pre-flight	planning	is	essential	to	minimize	lost	wireless	communications	during	operations.

• Range	should be	constantly	monitored.

• Alternate	antenna	types	may	be	utilized	to	improve	link/range.	(ie:	patch,	helical,	omni,	etc.),	but	shall	tested	

prior	to	commercial	operations.

• RSSI	(Received	Signal	Strength	Indication)	should	be	monitored	for	indication	of	communication	drop	out.
20	April	2015 10

SECTION	– 3 OPERATING	LIMITATIONS &	RESTRICTIONS

AIRSPEED/	MANUVERING LIMITATIONS

• Takeoff	is	prohibited	when	winds	are	in	excess	of:

o 17	kts	– DJI	S550/	DJI	Inspire

o 22	kts	– DJI	S900

• Vne	– Velocity	to	Never	Exceed:	22	m/s

• Vna	– Typical	Vertical	Maneuvering	Speed:	13.5	m/s

• Aerobatic	maneuvers	are	prohibited.		Aerobatic	maneuvers	are	defined	as	any	maneuver	in	excess	of	30°	pitch	

and	60°	roll.

• G-loading	maximum:	2G

• Negative	G’s	are	prohibited

• Control	beyond	Line	Of	Sight	(LOS)	of	either	the	Pilot	or	Visual	Observer	is	prohibited

POWER	&	POWERPLANT	LIMITATIONS

• 40	Amps	max	per	motor

• 15 - 40	Amps	max	per	speed	control

• Do	not	exceed	80%	discharge	of	rated	battery	capacity

• Do	not	charge	batteries	which	are	warmer	than	air	temperature

• Batteries	shall	be	allowed	to	cool	after	use	and	before	charging

• Leave	an	air	gap	between	batteries	when	multiple	batteries	are	used	simultaneously

WEIGHT	LIMITS

• Takeoff	Weight	Max:	

o 18 lbs – DJI	S900

o 5.3lbs	– DJI	S550

o 6.5lbs	– DJI	Inspire

• Weight	shall	be verified prior	to	takeoff	if	any	change	in	equipment	is	made

CENTER	OF	GRAVITY	(CG)	LIMITS

• 3mm	from	the	center	of any	of	the	three	pairs	of	arms

• CG	must	be	checked	before	every	flight	to	ensure	batteries	were	installed	in	the	proper location	(all	arm	pairs)
20	April	2015 11

TEMPERATURE	LIMITS

• UAS	(all):	-10°C	to	+40°C

• H3-3D/	GH3:	-10°C	to	+50°C

• X3:	0°C	to	+40°C

• A2:	-5°C	to	+60°C

• Naza	V2:	-10°C	to	+50°C

• IMU:	Room	temperature	if	possible	before	the	flight

• Batteries	above	5°C	before	flight

WEATHER	LIMITS

• Takeoff	when	lighting	is	reported	within	5NM	is	prohibited

• Light	dust	and	light	rain	require	the	use	of	a	shield	for the	electronics	in	the	center	section.

• Light	dust	and	light	rain	are	acceptable	for	the	unshielded	motor	and	ESC.

WARNING:	UAS	shall	not	be	flown	in	visible	moisture	when	ambient	temperatures	are	at	or	below	0°C to	prevent	

the	possibility	of	blade	icing.

WIRELESS	LINK

• Wireless	links	will	be	stable	in	LOS	(line	of	sight)	in	most	conditions

• Wireless	links	are	always	susceptible	to	shorter	ranges	due	to:

o Transmission devices	in	the	area

o Atmospheric	conditions

o Antennas	not	aligned	properly

o Improper	voltage

o Antenna	blockage	from	UAS in	certain	azimuths	or	positions

o Multipath	– reflection	off	buildings	or	ground, which	cause	multiple	signals	to arrive	at	different	times	

and/or	phase.
20	April	2015 12

SECTION	4 – PERFORMANCE

UAS	KEY	PARAMETERS

DJI S900

• Max	Takeoff	Weight:	18	lbs

• Weight	with	Zenmuse	and	flight	equipment		– no	camera,	no	battery:	10.63	lbs

• Weight	of	Panasonice	camera:	2	lbs

• Max	Battery	Weight:	5.37	lbs

• Estimated	Flight	Times	using	80%	of	battery:

• 8,000	mah	battery:	8.4 min

• 10,000	mah battery:	10 min

• 12,000	mah	battery:	11.7 min

DJI	S550

• Max	Takeoff	Weight:	5.28 lbs

• Weight	with	Zenmuse	and	all	flight	equipment	including	Go-Pro	–		no	battery:	3.8 lbs

• Max	Battery	Weight:	1.31 lbs

• Estimated	Flight	Times	using	80%	of	battery:

• 5,000	mah battery:	10.8min

• 8,000	mah	battery:	11.5min

DJI	Inspire

• Max	Takeoff	Weight:	6.5	ls

• Estimated	Flight	Times	using	90%	of	battery:

• 4,400	mah	battery:	18 min

• 5,700	mah	battery:	18 min

Note:	Flight	times	above	are	averages	based	on	Upstate	Aerial	tests. Pilots	may	experience	longer	or	shorter	flight	

times	based	on	a	variety	of	factors	including	but	not	limited	to:	mission	profile	weight,	environmental	conditions,	

and	flying	profile.		While	the	above	times	should	be	fairly	accurate,	it	is	imperative	that	each	pilot	and	visual	

observer	factor	all	potential	conditions	into	pre-flight	planning	to	minimize	risk	to	persons	or	property.
20	April	2015 13

PREFLIGHT	CHECKLIST

1. Map	Recon	of	flying	area	

a. Hazards	noted

b. Primary	and	alternate	landing	areas	identified	– 5	meter	square	area	minimum

Note:		Area	must	be	clear	of	people	and	overhead	obstacles

c. Flight	boundaries	defined

d. Flight	plan/	shot	list	developed

e. NOTAM	filed	48-72	hours	in	advance	if	within	controlled	airspace

2. Confirm	all	communication	radios	are	operational

a. Radio	with	ATC

b. Radios	with	crewmembers

3. Confirm	clear	for	takeoff	with	ATC

4. PERFORM	CREW	BRIEF	– Review	manual	flight	plan,	or

5. Load	auto	flight	plan	if	using	one

Warning:	 Total	flight	time	shall	be	under	10	minutes	to	avoid	low	battery

6. Overall	UAS	condition	and	security

a. Check	structural	integrity of:		Center	plates,	arms,	motor	mounts,	blades,	landing	gear,	battery	tray

b. Verify	connections:	Flight	controller,	FPV,	camera,	IMU,	GCU,	GPS,	landing	gear	servos,	Tx	Receiver,	no	

burns	on	wiring

c. Verify:	Arms	locked,	no	screws	missing,	bushing	wear

d. Gimbal:	Freedom/	range	of	movement,	binding	stop	limits

e. Camera:	Remove	lens	cap,	lens	cleaned,	SD	card	installed	and	formatted,	battery,	WB,	ISO,	Shutter

f. Note:	Ensure	data	on	card	has	been	saved	to	archive	disk	first!

7. Install	batteries

a. Verify	battery	security	to	avoid	a	shift	in	the	Center	of	Gravity

b. Verify	battery	voltage	fully	charged

c. Battery	monitor	low	warning	alarm	set

8. Check	CG	(Center	of	Gravity)

a. Lift	the	copter	on	each	pairs	of	arms.

b. Verify	CG	is	within	5mm	limits

c. If	 UAS	 is	 out	 of	 CG	 rearrange	 the	 equipment	 so	 that Inertial	 Measurement	 Unit	 (IMU)	 is pointing	

forward.

9. GPS/Compass	installed,	limited	free	play,	pointing	forward.

Note:		This	device	must	be	installed	with	a	screw	to	hold	it	in	place	so	that	it	cannot	vibrate	easily.	

Warning: If	GPS	does	not	point	forward,	the	corrections	in	ATTI	and	GPS	mode	will	result	in	UAS	crash.	

10. Position	UAS	for	takeoff – DO	NOT	power	on
20	April	2015 14

11. Verify	switch	positions	on	Pilot	and	Visual	Observer	Tx

a. Throttle	down,	

b. RTH	– Off

c. Gain	switch	– As	required

d. Manual	Flight	Mode	Switch	to	manual	(not	ATTI	or	GPS	mode)

e. Flight	Path	Switch	Off	– Not	Course	or	Home	or	POI

f. Battery	voltage	(above	6.5v)

12. Power	on	Pilot	Tx

a. Verify	correct	UAS	selected

b. Verify	gains	range	set	from	200	– 350.

c. Countdown	timers	– 20	mins

Note:	Use	the	highest	gains	possible	but	does	not	cause	oscillation.

Note:		Timer	should	engage	at	1⁄4	throttle	and	trigger	an	alarm	at	the	proper	time.	This	is	a	backup	alarm	in	case	

the	indicator	lights	on	the	copter	are	not	visible.

13. Power	on	Visual	Observer Tx

a. Verify	camera	selection

b. Battery	voltage	(above	6.5v)

c. HDMI	switch	Off

d. Freestyle	switch	Off	(FPV	On)

14. Engage	power	to	UAS

Note:	If	using	Y-harness	it	is	preferable	to	connect	the	batteries	to	the	Y	harness	first,	then	engage	power.

15. Verify	3	or	6	quick	chirps	(UAS	dependent)	confirming	LiPoly	batteries	are	recognized	by	the	ESC

Warning: Hearing	less	than	6	chirps	indicates	fewer	cell	battery	packs	are	being	recognized	which	is	incorrect.	

Check	for	improper	or	damaged	batteries.

16. Wait	for	GPS	lock	– minimum	6	satellites

Note:		Do	not	move	or	vibrate	the	multi-copter	until	30	seconds	after	full	GPS	Lock

Note:		If	the	GPS	takes	more	than	5	minutes	to	lock	reposition	UAS	and	attempt	GPS	lock	again

17. Check	Rx	Voltage	from	both	Tx’s	(transmitters)

Note:		Voltage	should	be	between	4.4v	– 6v.	

18. Engage	Attitude	Mode	– Must	achieve	double	amber	flash

19. Engage	GPS	Mode	– Must	achieve	double	purple	flash

20. Engage	Course	Lock mode	– Must	achieve	double	green	flash

21. Disengage	Course	Lock	mode	– Must	achieve	double	purple	flash.	

Note:		Stay	in	this	mode	until	just	prior	to	takeoff,	after	takeoff	at	any	time,	or	do	not	use.

22. Set	throttle	to	center	position	– Must	achieve	single	purple	flash	when	in	GPS	mode.
20	April	2015 15

23. Use	the	trim	buttons	on	the	transmitter	to	check	that	the	sticks	are	centered.	

a. Trim	roll	to	the	right,	counting	the	number	of	clicks	until	a	double	flash	occurs.	

b. Center	roll	trim.	

c. Trim	to	the	left,	counting	the	number	of	clicks	until	a	double	flash	occurs.

d. Verify	equal	number	of	clicks	each	side	of	center.

e. Repeat	steps	a	– d	to	trim	Roll,	Pitch,	Yaw.

f. Note:		Step	21	ensures	flight	controller	will	recognize	all	the	sticks	are	neutralized	and	engage	GPS	

mode.

24. Calibrate	GPS/Compass.

a. Note:	Calibrate	shall be	done	before	the	first	flight	each	day	OR	if	receiving	continuous	red	blinks	or	

continuous	white	blinks.

b. Flip	GPS	mode	switch	7	times	very	quickly	from	manual	to	GPS	ending	with	the	switch	in	the	manual	

position.

c. Verify	blue	indicator	light.	

d. Lift	and	rotate	the	UAS	1.5	turns	in	a	horizontal	position.

e. Verify	green	flashing	light	indicating	step	C	complete.

f. Rotate	UAS	vertically	1.5	turns

g. Verify	white	flashing	light	indicating	GPS/Compass	calibration complete.

h. Note:	Repeat	steps	a-f	if	required.

25. Power	off UAS	then	back	on	with	UAS	pointed	in	the	correct	heading	for	course	lock.

26. Power	on	Camera,	verify	operational

27. Power	on	FPV

a. Verify	FPV	settings	and	battery

b. Verify	iOSD	readings:	UAS	battery	reading,	satellites,	altitude

Warning:		If	altitude	reading	is	incorrect	and	GCU	is	used	for	mission,	altitude	for	waypoints	will	be	off	by	same	

amount.		Reset	using	GCU	software	as	required

28. Verify	Gimbal	operation

a. Lift	UAS	arm	to	approx.	30	degrees,	verify	gimbal	remains	aligned	with	horizon	

29. Power	on	Goggles	(if	required)

30. Start	video	recording
20	April	2015 16

NORMAL	TAKEOFF

1. Engage	GPS	mode	– double	purple	flash	when	the	throttle	is	down.

2. Switch	to	Course	Lock	mode	if	required	– Purple	flashes	replaced	with	green	flashes.

Note:		Flying	in	Course	Lock	mode	is	not	required,	but	helpful	in	many	instances.

Note:		Flying	in	Manual	mode	is	not	recommended

3. Announce	loudly:	“CLEAR”

4. Engage	the	motors.	

a. Within	1	second:		Advance the	throttle	up	1/8	– 1/4.	

Note:		The	UAS	should	not	lift	off	until	about	1/2	stick	is	reached.

5. Verify	data	and	video	links	before	lifting	off.	

Warning:		If	anything	is	not	working	properly,	disengage	motors	and	resolve	issue.

6. Announce	loudly:	“TAKING	OFF”

7. Advance	throttle	to	ascent	to	3	meters.	

a. Decrease	throttle	to	1/2 to	engage	the	GPS	hold.

b. Verify	links,	GPS,	attitude,	purple	flash.

c. Verify	that	the	UAS	holding	position	within	.5m	in	all	directions.

d. Verify	flight	controls	by	moving	UAS:	Left,	Right,	Forward,	Back,	Slight	Climb,	Descent

e. If	using	Course	Lock	mode	verify	operation	by:

i. Rotating	UAS	90	degrees	

ii. Forward	Pitch	control

Warning:		If	UAS	not	stable,	land	and	resolve	issue

8. Verify	camera	operation

9. Proceed	with	manual	mission	or	for	autopilot	operation

a. Ascend	to	10	meters

b. Command	Visual	Observer to	proceed	with	mission.

Note:		Two-way	positive	transfer	shall	always	be	used	for	mission	handoff

Note:		Pilot	shall	monitor	the	informational	LED	and	be	ready	to	take	over	in	manual	mode	when	necessary.

Warning:		White	flashes	indicate	flight	controller	issue,	Amber	flashes	indicates	low battery,	Red	flashes	indicate	

loss	of	GPS	or	severe	battery	condition.		If	any	of	these	signals	appear	– Land	As	Soon	As	Possible

Warning:		10	seconds	or	more	of	loss	of	GPS	signal	will	stop	waypoint	guidance	and	any	GPS	hold	and	put	UAS	in	

manual	mode.

Note:		Pilot	to	request	copter	flight	battery	voltage	readout	from	Visual	Observer	periodically.
20	April	2015 17

LANDING	CHECKS	/	SHUTDOWN

1. Clear	landing	zone	and	announce	landing	prior	to	touchdown

2. Tilt	camera/	sensors	up	to	avoid	damage	to	lens’s

3. Verify	landing	gear	position down

4. Power	down	immediately	upon	landing

5. Stop	camera/	sensor	recording

6. Power	down	as	required: camera,	video	monitor,	goggles,	etc.

7. Disconnect	UAS	from	battery	(note	power	used	during	flight	for	logbook)

8. Turn	off	transmitters	(note	time	of	flight	for	logbook)

POST	FLIGHT	CHECKS

1. Notify	ATC	when	operations	are	complete	(if	required)

2. Check	UAS	motor	temperatures.	

Note:	Motors,	which	are	excessively	hot,	should	be	further	inspected	and	possibly	replaced.

3. Check	battery	temperatures.	

Note:	Battery	temperatures	should	only	be	slightly	above	ambient	temperature,	not	be	hot	to	the	touch.	

4. Inspect	UAS	for	damage	or	missing	parts.

5. Review	footage	from	all	cameras.

6. Verify	equipment	inventory	and	stow	for	travel

7. Fill	out	logbook.

AIRCRAFT	FLIGHT	&	MAINTANENCE LOG	BOOKS

All	flight	operations,	to	include	maintenance	test,	and	training	flights	shall	be	documented.			Upstate	Aerial’s	standard	

electronic	form	that	shall	be	used	to	document	the	following:	

• Date/	Time	of	day

• Time	of	flight	(in	tenth’s	of	an	hour)/	Accumulated	hours	of	operation

• Mission	Profile	(see	codes)

• Repair,	alteration,	equipment	changes	(if	applicable)

• UAS	flown/	UAS serial	number

• Battery	serial	number(s)

• Mah	remaining	(each	battery)

• Pilot,	Visual	Observer,	Sensor Operator,	Maintenance	Test	Pilot Names/	Last	4	of	SS#	(as	applicable)

• Remarks
20	April	2015 18

SECTION	5 – EMERGENCY	PROCEDURES

MOTOR	FAILURE

• Land	As	Soon	As	Possible

Note:	Hexi-copter	operation	is	possible	with	one	motor/ESC/propeller	failure.		The	two	motors	adjacent	to	the	failed	

motor/ESC	will	be	increased	in	thrust	automatically	by	the	flight	controller	to	overcome	the	loss.		This	may	result	in	

ampere	rating	exceedence	by	remaining	motors/ESCs

COMMUNICATION	FAILURE

Video	Link	Failure

• Land	As	Soon	As	Practicable

• Ensure	GCS	station	antennas	are	perpendicular	to	the	UAS.	Do	not	point	the	antenna	at	the	UAS.

• Yaw	the	UAS to	change	the	antenna	position

Note:	Transmitters	produce	heat	when	in	operation.	When	overheated	they	may	have	thermal	protection	which	

interrupts	use	temporarily.	Use	of	a	heat	sink	or	fan	may	be	required	especially	with	high	ambient	temperatures.

Tx/Rx	Link	Failure

• Initiate	Fail	Safe	Mode – Land	As	Soon	As	Possible

• Verify	LOS	with	UAS	– walk	in	the	general	direction	of	the	UAS

• Ensure	Tx	antenna	is	vertical.	Do	not	point	the	antenna	at	the	UAS.

• If	link	is	restored	– Land	As	Soon	As	Practicable	– verify	Rx	condition	upon	landing

Note:	Failsafes	on	the	RC	link	should	be	set	so	that	the	UAS	returns	to	home.	If	UAS	initiates	heading	change,	the	

antenna	may	move	into	a	more	desirable	position	restoring	flight	control	link.		A	LRS	(long	range	system)	can	be	

used	as	a	permanent	solution.	This	is	higher	in	wattage	and	usually	on	433	Mhz.

Data	Link	Failure

• Attempt	to	take	control	of	UAS.		If	UAS	does	not	response	to	control	input	– Land	As	Soon	As	Possible

• If	UAS	responds	to	control	inputs	– Land	As	Soon	as	Practicable

Note:	Visual	Observer	shall	monitor	data	link	air	and	ground	signal	indications	at	all	times.		Pilot	shall	monitor	UAS.		

900	Mhz	do	not	lose	link	without	some	warning.		Do	not	use	900	Mhz	near	cell	phone	towers.	
20	April	2015 19

LOW	BATTERY	POWER

• Land	As	Soon	As	Practicable

Note:	Fail-safes	should	be	set	such	that	in	the	event	of	low	battery	power,	either	due	to	a	failure,	or	too	long	of	a	

flight,	the	warning	light	on	the	flight	control	system	will	constantly	flash	amber (level	1 warning).			Auto	landing	will	

occur	when battery	power	is	low (level	2	warning)	which	could	result	in	the	UAS	landing	in	an	undesirable	location	

such	as	a	tree	or	a	lake.	

Note:	Landing	with	80-90%	of	battery	depleted	is	best.	Batteries	should	always	be	drawn	down	equally.

Warning: Do	not	mix	partially	charged	batteries.	Only	use	completely	charged	batteries.		Over	discharging	a	battery	

can	permanently	damage	the	battery	and	shall	be	avoided.

GCS	FAILURE

• Attempt	to	take	control	of	UAS

• If	UAS	does	not	response	to	control	input	– Initiate	Fail	Safe – Land	As	Soon	As	Possible

• If	UAS	responds	to	control	inputs	– Land	As	Soon	as	Practicable

COMPASS	CALIBRATION	ERROR

• Recalibrate	Compass

Note:	If	the	compass	is	out	of	calibration	the	warning	light	will	flash	red.	This	is	the	same	signal	as	low	voltage.	If	the	

voltage	is	correct,	there	is	a	calibration	error.

FIRE

• Land	As	Soon	As	Possible

• Disconnect	the	battery	ASAP	unless	doing	so	would	cause	injury

Warning: Never	attempt	to	put	out	a	battery	fire.	Use	a	CO2	fire	extinguisher	to	put	out	fires	surrounding	the	

battery.	

FORCED	LANDINGS

• Clear	landing	zone	if	possible	

• Loudly	Announce	landing

Note:		Alternate	emergency	landing	zones	should	be	chosen	before	takeoff.
20	April	2015 20

SECTION	6 – WEIGHT	AND	BALANCE

CG

• CG	is	critical	to	the	efficient	operation	of any	UAS

• Main components	typically	added	to,	or	removed	from	a	UAS	depending	on	mission	profile	are	the	sensors,	

cameras,	and batteries.

• Sensors and	cameras	are	typically	located	at	front	of	the	UAS

• Batteries	shall	be located	in	a position	to	offset	all	other	components and	maintain	CG.

• CG	must	be	tested	on	the	ground	and	in	flight	after	any	addition,	removal,	or	reconfiguration of components	

on	the	UAS

• Ground	tests	of	CG	shall	be	performed	by	lifting	the	UAS with	fingers	on	the	opposite	bottom arms	(ie:	3	and	

9	o’clock	position).	Check	all	pairs	of	arms.	The	CG	should	be	no	more	than	5mm	off	in	any	on	the	checks.	

• Flight	CG	shall	be	performed	after	each	takeoff	and	prior	to	mission	flying.		Upon	takeoff	the	UAS	shall	be	

tested	for	fore	aft,	sideward,	and	hover	flight	to	ensure	safe	operational	control	can	be	maintained	and	drift	

is	minimal.

WEIGHT

• Weight	is	critical	to	the	operation	of	any	aircraft,	especially	rotor	wing	aircraft.	

• At	full	throttle	the	motors	have	a	finite amount	of	thrust.		As	the	batteries	are	operated,	they	lose	power.	

• Do	not	overload	the	aircraft	or	there	will	not	be	sufficient	reserve	power	to	maneuver	at	lower battery	

levels.

SECTION	7 - HANDLING,	SERVICE	AND	MAINTENANCE

PROPELLER	CARE

• Propellers	must	be	checked	each	flight	for	nicks	or	cracks

• Pay	special	attention	for	hairline	fractures	near	the	motor	hub

• Although	propellers	are	designed	to	last	indefinitely,	they	shall	be	replaced	during	annual	inspections	as	a	

minimum

BATTERY	CARE	AND	USE

• Refer	to	instruction sheet	included	from	the	battery	manufacturer.

• Batteries	are	highly	flammable	and	can	explode,	especially	when	fully	charged.	Improper charging,	vibration,	

impact,	high	discharge,	etc.	can	lead	to	explosion	and	fire.	Batteries	must be	charged	under	constant	

supervision	and	using	proper	precautions.

• Batteries	fully	charged	must	be	handled	with	extreme	care.
20	April	2015 21

BATTERY	CARE	AND	USE (cont)

• Any	battery	which	“puffs” up	is	considered	damaged	and	must	not	be	used.	It	is	in	a	dangerous state.

• Never	charge	a	puffed	up	battery.

• Any	battery	which	holds	less	than	80%	of	its	rated	capacity	should	be	discarded.

• Cycle	test	each	battery	after	every	50	cycles, or	if	a	battery	is	suspected	to	have	lost	a significant	amount	of	

its	capacity	to	determine	the	current	capacity.

• Properly	dispose	of	batteries.	Battery	shall	be	fully	discharged	fully	and	taken	to	a	recycler	such	as	a	home	

improvement	store.

• Always	charge	flight	batteries	under	“balance”	mode.

• Flight	Battery	Maximum	Charge	Rate:	1C per	rated	1000mah.	Charge	rates	higher	than	1C	will damage	the	

battery	and	pose	potential	fire	hazard.	

• Maximum	charge	rating	per	the	manufacturer	will	provide	300+	cycles,	although	1000+	cycles	are	possible.

• Battery	Rest	Time	between	discharging	and	charging:	30	minutes	minimum.

• Do	not	charge	if	the	battery	is	more	than	2°C	warmer	than	ambient,	especially	if	the temperature	is	above	

20°C.	The	outer	surface	is	cooler	than	the	inner	core	after	use.	Damage will	occur	when	charging	a	warm	

battery.

• As	battery	temperature	approaches	freezing	the	capacity	of	Lithium	Polymer	batteries decrease.	Keep	

warmer	than	5°C	before	installing	into	the	UV	(unmanned	vehicle).

• Recommended	Battery	Discharge	Amount:	80%.	Discharging	below	80%	of	the	capacity	will	decrease	the	life	

cycles.		Lower	discharge rates	improve	the	life	cycles.

• Fully	charged	batteries	that	are	not	to	be	used	within	24	hours	of	flight	shall be	discharged	and	stored	to	

40% - 60%	charged	state	using	the	battery	discharger.

• Using	more	than	one	battery	at	a	time	requires	the	proper	wiring	harness	so	that	the	voltage	is no	more	

than	25.2V.	Over	voltage	will	cause	serious	damage	to	electrical	equipment.

PREVENTATIVE	MAINTENANCE

• Quarterly	Inspection	or	at	100 hours,	whichever	occurs	first

• An	approved	technician	shall disassemble	the	UAS, inspect	all	components	for wear	and	replace	any	

components	as	required.

• Capacity	test	of	all	batteries

• Upgrade	firmware	and	software	to	latest	revisions (more	frequently	if	required)

• Annual	inspection	or	at	500	hours,	whichever	occurs	first

• An	approved	technician	shall	disassemble	the	UAS,	inspect	all	components	for wear	and	replace	any	

components	as	required.

• Replace	all	8	motors.

• Capacity	test	all	batteries

• Upgrade	firmware	and	software	to	latest	revisions.
20	April	2015 22

SECTION	8 - SUPPLEMENTS

COTS	components	have	been	utilized	in	the	construction	of	all	Upstate	Aerial	UAS’s.	All	instruction	manuals,	operating

handbooks,	warning	notices,	and	more	are	available	as	separate	documents.	Components,	which	may	have	separate	

documentation, follow.	Links	to	these	documents	are	available	on	the	manufacture	website.	Print	out	the significant	

documents	and	keep	in	a	notebook	with	the	copter	at	all	times.

AIRFRAME

AUTOPILOT	SYSTEM

BATTERIES

BATTERY	CHARGER

CAMERA	MANUAL

CAMERA	GCS

DATA	WIRELESS	LINK

GIMBAL	CAMERA	MOUNT

LAPTOP	COMPUTER

MOTORS

ONBOARD	REGULATOR

PROPELLERS

RC/MANUAL	COMMAND	&	CONTROL	SYSTEM

SPEED	CONTROLS	(ESCs)

VIDEO	CAPTURE	HARDWARE

VIDEO	CAPTURE	SOFTWARE

VIDEO	WIRELESS	LINK
20	April	2015 23

SECTION	9	– CHECKLISTS

SCOPE

This	checklist	contains	the	checks	to	be	accomplished	during	normal	and	emergency	procedures,	and	detailed	

procedures.		These	checklists should	be	printed	kept	with	the	Pilot	and	Visual	Observer	as	they	provide	steps	necessary	

for	safe	operational	flight	and	data	collection.	

NORMAL	PROCEDURES

Normal	procedures	are	a	condensation	of	the	amplified	checklist	appearing	in	the	Performance section of	the	Operators	

Manual.		A	thru-flight	checklist	is	provided	in	this	section	that	consist	of	an	asterisked	(*)	Thru-Flight	item.		

EMERGENCY	PROCEDURES

The	requirements	of	this	section	of	the	checklist	are	drawn	from	the	Emergency	Procedures	portion of	the	Operators	

Manual.		The	underlined	items	are	the	steps	that	must	be	performed	immediately	without	reference	to	the	checklist.

SYMBOLS	PRECEDING	NUMBERED	STEPS

• *	- Indicates	performance	of	steps	is	mandatory	for	all	thru-flights.		Thru-flights	are	defined	as	any	flight	

that	requires	the	UAS	to	be	powered	down	and	hand	carried	from	one	location	to	another.		If	the	UAS	is	

stowed	for	travel	all	Normal	Procedural	steps	shall	be	completed	prior	to	takeoff.

• ★ – Indicates	a	detailed	procedure	for	this	step	is	located	in	the	performance	section	of	the	checklist.

• ¢ - Indicates	duties	which	are	normally	the	responsibility	of	the	Visual	Observer.

REPORTING	ERRORS	AND	RECOMMENDING	IMPROVEMENTS

You	can	improve	this	manual.		If	you	find	any	mistakes	or	if	you	know	of	any	way	to	improve	these	procedures,	please	

let	us	know.		You	can	send	your	comments	to	our	email	address	at:	bscott@upstateaerial.com or	

ccody@upstateaeril.com
20	April	2015 24

PREFLIGHT	CHECKLIST

1. Map	Recon	of	flying	area	– NOTAM	filed

Note:		Area	must	be	clear	of	people	and	overhead

obstacles

¢* 2. Confirm	all	communication	radios	are	

operational

3. Confirm	clear	for	takeoff	with	ATC

4. PERFORM	CREW	BRIEF	– Review	manual	

flight	plan,	or

¢* 5. Load	auto	flight	plan	if	using	one

Warning:		Total	flight	time	shall	be	under	10	minutes	to	

avoid	low	battery

★ 6. Overall	UAS	condition	and	security

Note:	Ensure	data	on	card	has	been	saved	to	archive	

disk	first!

* 7. Install	batteries.	Set	Alarm

* 8. Check	CG	(Center	of	Gravity)

9. GPS/Compass	installed,	limited	free	play,	

pointing	forward.

Warning: If	GPS	does	not	point	forward,	the	corrections	

in	ATTI	and	GPS	mode	will	result	in	UAS	crash.

* 10. Position	UAS	for	takeoff – DO	NOT	power	

on

★* 11. Verify	switch	positions	on	Pilot	and	Visual	

Observer	Tx

* 12. Power	on	Pilot	Tx	

Note:	Use	the	highest	gains	possible	but	does	not	cause	

oscillation.

Note:		Timer	should	engage	at	1⁄4	throttle	and	trigger	an	

alarm	at	the	proper	time.	This	is	a	backup	alarm	in	case	

the	indicator	lights	on	the	copter	are	not	visible.

¢★* 13. Power	on	Visual	Observer Tx

* 14. Engage	power	to	UAS

Note:	If	using	Y-harness	it	is	preferable	to	connect	the	

batteries	to	the	Y	harness	first,	then	engage	power.

* 15. Verify	3	or	6	quick	chirps	(UAS	dependent)	

confirming	LiPoly	batteries	are	recognized	

by	the	ESC

Warning: Hearing	less	than	6	chirps	indicates	fewer	cell	

battery	packs	are	being	recognized	which	is	incorrect.	

Check	for	improper	or	damaged	batteries.

* 16. Wait	for	GPS	lock	– minimum	6	satellites

Note:		Do	not	move	or	vibrate	the	multi-copter	

until	30	seconds after	full	GPS	Lock

Note:		If	the	GPS	takes	more	than	5	minutes	to	

lock	reposition	UAS	and	attempt	GPS	lock	again

* 17. Check	Rx	Voltage	from	both	Tx’s	

(transmitters)

18. Note:		Voltage	should	be	between	4.4v	– 6v.

19. Engage	Attitude	Mode	– double	amber	flash

20. Engage	GPS	Mode	– double	purple	flash

21. Engage	Course	Lock mode	– double	green	

flash

22. Disengage	Course	Lock	mode	– double	

purple	flash.

Note:		Stay	in	this	mode	until	just	prior	to	takeoff,	after	

takeoff	at	any	time,	or	do	not	use.

23. Set	throttle	to center	position	– single	

purple	flash	when	in	GPS	mode.

★ 24. Use	the	trim	buttons	on	the	transmitter	to	

check	that	the	sticks	are	centered.

★ 25. Calibrate	GPS/Compass.

26. Power	off	UAS	then	back	on	with	UAS	

pointed	in	the	correct	heading	for	course	

lock.

* 27. Power	on	Camera,	verify	operational

¢* 28. Power	on	FPV

Warning:		If	altitude	reading	is	incorrect	and	GCU	is	

used	for	mission,	altitude	for	waypoints	will	be	off	by	

same	amount.		Reset	using	GCU	software	as	required

¢* 29. Verify	Gimbal	operation

¢* 30. Power	on	Goggles	(if	required)

* 31. Start	video	recording
20	April	2015 2

NORMAL	TAKEOFF

* 1. Engage	GPS	mode	– double	purple	flash	when	

the	throttle	is	down.

* 2. Switch	to	Course	Lock	mode	if	required	– green	

flashes. 3.

Note:		Flying	in	Course	Lock	mode	is	not	required,	but	

helpful	in	many	instances.

Note:		Flying	in	Manual	mode	is	not	recommended

* 4. Announce	loudly:	“CLEAR”

* 5. Engage	the	motors.	6.

Note:		The	UAS	should	not	lift	off	until	about	1/2	stick	is	

reached.

¢* 7. Verify	data	and	video	links	before	lifting	off.	 8.

Warning:		If	anything	is	not	working	properly,	disengage	

motors	and	resolve	issue.

* 9. Announce	loudly:	“TAKING	OFF”

★* 10. Advance	throttle	to	ascent	to	3	meters.	

Warning:		If	UAS	not	stable,	land	and	resolve	issue

¢* 11. Verify	camera	operation

* 12. Proceed with	manual	mission	or	for	autopilot	

operation

Note:		Two-way	positive	transfer	shall	always	be	used	for	

mission	handoff

Note:		Pilot	shall	monitor	the	informational	LED	and	be	

ready	to	take	over	in	manual	mode	when	necessary.

Warning:		White	flashes	indicate	flight	controller	issue,	

Amber	flashes	indicates	low	battery,	Red	flashes	indicate	

loss	of	GPS	or	severe	battery	condition.		If	any	of	these	

signals	appear	– Land	As	Soon	As	Possible

Warning:		10	seconds	or	more	of	loss	of	GPS	signal	will	

stop	waypoint	guidance	and	any	GPS	hold	and	put	UAS	in	

manual	mode.

Note:		Pilot	to	request	copter	flight	battery	voltage	

readout	from	Visual	Observer	periodically.

LANDING	CHECKS	/	SHUTDOWN

¢ 1. Tilt	camera/	sensors	up	to	avoid	damage	to	

lens’s

2. Verify	landing	gear	position	down

3. Power	down	immediately	upon	landing

4. Stop	camera/	sensor	recording

¢ 5. Power	down	as	required:	camera,	video	

monitor,	goggles,	etc.

6. Disconnect	UAS	from	battery	(note	power	

used	during	flight	for	logbook)

7. Turn	off	transmitters	(note	time	of	flight	for	

logbook)

8. Clear	landing	zone	and	announce	landing	prior	

to	touchdown

POST	FLIGHT	CHECKS

¢ 1. Notify	ATC	when	operations	are	complete	(if	

required)

2. Check	UAS	motor	temperatures.	 a.

Note:	Motors,	which	are	excessively	hot,	should	be	

further	inspected	and	possibly	replaced.

3. Check	battery	temperatures. a.

Note:	Battery	temperatures	should	only	be	slightly	

above	ambient	temperature,	not	be	hot	to	the	touch.

4. Inspect	UAS	for	damage	or	missing	parts.

5. Review footage	from	all	cameras.

6. Verify	equipment	inventory	and	stow	for	

travel

7. Fill	out	the	logbook.
20	April	2015 2

DJI	A2 LED	INDICATIONS
20	April	2015 3

DJI	Naza	V2 LED	INDICATIONS
20	April	2015 4

DJI	INSPIRE	LED	INDICATIONS