Filed 8/26/13 P. v. Rodriguez CA4/3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

THE PEOPLE,

 Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

MARK ANTHONY RODRIGUEZ,

 Defendant and Appellant.

 G047053

 (Super. Ct. No. 08ZF0044)

 O P I N I O N

Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Richard 

M. King, Judge. Affirmed.

Susan S. Bauguess, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for 

Defendant and Appellant.

Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant 

Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Steve Oetting and Lise 

S. Jacobson, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

* * *
2

A jury convicted defendant Mark Anthony Rodriguez of robbery (Pen. 

Code, § 211) and active participation in a criminal street gang (Pen. Code, § 186.22, 

subd. (a)) in a second trial after the first jury was unable to reach a verdict. The jury 

found a principal in the robbery used a firearm (Pen. Code, § 12022.53, subds. (b), (e)(1)) 

and found the gang enhancement (Pen. Code, § 186.22, subd. (b)(1)) true. The court 

sentenced defendant to 13 years in state prison, consisting of a three-year middle term on 

the robbery conviction and a consecutive 10-year term on the firearm enhancement. 

Defendant contends the trial court erred in admitting evidence, cumulative error requires 

reversal, the evidence was insufficient to support the convictions, and the court erred in 

imposing restitution fines. Finding no such errors, we affirm.

I

FACTS

The Robbery and Defendant’s Statements

On June 29, 2008, at about 2:10 a.m., Ronald Santa Cruz was working as a 

cashier at a Shell gas station in Irvine. Two young men entered the gas station. One of 

the men, Armando Hernandez, demanded the money in the register and threatened to 

shoot Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz saw Hernandez had a gun and gave him the money. The 

other man attempted to throw a container of energy drinks at Santa Cruz, but the 

container was apparently too heavy. A video camera inside the gas station recorded the 

incident.

After the robbery, Santa Cruz saw the two men walk to the back of the gas 

station. That was the last he saw of the men; he did not see them leave in a car.

In October 2008, Detective Jeff Mundy of the Anaheim Police Department 

twice interrogated defendant about the robbery and a shooting that occurred earlier the 
3

evening of the robbery.1 Over defendant‟s objection, the court ruled evidence of 

defendant‟s statements concerning the earlier shooting were admissible under Evidence 

Code2 section 1101, subdivision (b) to show knowledge and intent, and the probative 

value of the evidence was not outweighed by any prejudicial effect of the evidence. The 

court found the statements were not obtained in violation of Miranda3 and held no 

extrinsic evidence of the purported murder would be admitted. A video of the 

interrogations was played for the jury.

In discussing the night of the robbery and shooting that occurred earlier that 

evening, defendant initially claimed he was picked up by four strangers in a car after the 

shooting had already occurred, they drove on a freeway to a Del Taco, and then dropped 

him off at his grandmother‟s house. He denied knowing anything about the shooting. 

Later, defendant said he was picked up in an alley in Anaheim by known Citron Street 

gang members. Defendant, sat behind the driver, the individual he identified as 

“Grumpy.” Defendant said he knew Grumpy better than he knew the three others in the 

car. Defendant knew the passenger sitting next to him had a gun.

There was a discussion about gang members from “Folks,” a rival gang, 

having been seen in the neighborhood. As they drove, they saw two “baldies” they 

thought were members of Folks. The car stopped across the street from the suspected 

rivals and three of the passengers got out of the car to “hit them up” the suspected rivals. 

Defendant said that when members of one gang hit up someone from a rival gang, a fight 

will result. He added that when the person hitting up a suspected rival has a gun, that 

 

1 The murder charge arising out of the shooting was dismissed twice and 

the subject of our decision in People v. Rodriguez (2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 326, affirming 

an order barring a third prosecution.

2 All further statutory references are to the Evidence Code unless otherwise 

stated.

3 Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436.
4

person will shoot the suspected rival. Upon being hit up, one of the Folks members fired 

a shot and yelled, “Folks.” They ran and the three companions of defendant who left the 

car gave chase. One of the two Folks members was then shot and killed. Defendant 

admitted that had the Folks rival not fired a shot, he would have gotten out of the car to 

throw a punch at the rivals. 

After the shooting incident, the group drove to Irvine. On the way, the 

right front passenger and the right rear passenger said they wanted to “come up” or steal 

some money. The Shell gas station was selected as the target because it was empty. 

Defendant expected the money to come from the cash register. The right front passenger 

and the right rear passenger were dropped off on the street behind the gas station and 

went inside. Defendant knew what they were going to do. The robbers were gone about 

10 or 15 minutes.

The others in the car drove around looking for them. They saw the robbers 

hiding in bushes. While looking for the robbers, defendant kept an eye out for the police 

because he did not want the robbers to get arrested. He would have warned the others 

had he seen any police. The robbers got back into the car and the group drove to a Del 

Taco. The robbery netted less than $100. On the way to Del Taco, the right front 

passenger, Hernandez, gave the right rear passenger about $20 or $25. Hernandez paid 

for the food Del Taco. After eating, the group dropped defendant off in Anaheim, near 

his grandmother‟s residence.

Gang Evidence

Three different Anaheim police officers testified about the Citron Street 

gang. Investigator Kelly Phillips testified to the history of the gang, the predicate act 

convictions of two members of the gang, and that the gang‟s primary activities are felony 

vandalism and aggravated assault. He concluded Citron Street is a criminal street gang 

with about 60 active members as of June 2008.
5

Phillips said a “hit up” is a challenge by a gang member to a member of 

another gang. He said that if members of rival gangs are involved, the hit up will likely 

lead to violence. In gang culture, violence equates to respect, and respect is the same as 

fear. Phillips explained that the concept of “backup” may consist of helping another gang 

member assault someone, acting as a lookout, by distracting police, or otherwise assisting 

another member of the gang commit a crime. He said gang members are expected to 

backup each other and gang members do not generally commit crimes with nongang 

members. Backup allows the direct perpetrator of a crime to act bolder, knowing they 

have support from other gang members. The purpose of backup is to ensure the success 

of the crime undertaken.

Phillips said most gangs have a rule that when one member is in a car and 

has a gun, he will inform other gang members in the car of the gun‟s presence. That way 

the others can take steps to keep the gun from being found in the event the police stop the 

car. In a hypothetical that closely tracked the facts of the case, Phillips opined the 

robbery would benefit the Citron Street gang because most gangs pay taxes on its profits 

to the Mexican Mafia and because word of the robbery creates respect.

Officer Paul Delgado was a gang investigator in 2008. He knows 

defendant. Delgado opined defendant was an active participant in the Citron Street gang 

based on his contacts with defendant, defendant‟s admission that he often hangs out with 

Citron Street gang members, and defendant did not deny his moniker—a nickname given 

a gang member—is Panther.

Delgado participated in the execution of a search warrant for defendant‟s 

residence. Police found a Department of Motor Vehicles document in defendant‟s name, 

a plastic coffee cup with gang writing on it, two envelopes addressed to defendant and 

sent by incarcerated Citron Street gang members, and a 70-sheet notebook containing 

gang writings, including “Bad Boys,” another name used by the Citron Street gang.
6

Detective Mundy testified defendant was an active participant in the Citron 

Street gang. He has contacted defendant with other members of the Citron Street gang in 

territory claimed the gang. Those contacts were significant to Mundy because gang 

members do not usually “hang out” with nongang members and because defendant does 

not live in Citron Street territory.

Mundy also testified to the contents of defendant‟s MySpace page. That 

page contained a photograph of defendant and the statement “Free the Homies,” which 

Mundy said is common in the gang culture when a gang member or gang members have 

been arrested. Approximately a week after defendant‟s arrest, Mundy saw “CST X3 Free 

Lil Panther” graffiti in the Citron Street neighborhood. Another photograph from 

MySpace showed defendant making a “C” with his right hand, a sign defendant admitted 

is used by members of the Citron Street gang.

II

DISCUSSION

A. Sections 1101 and 352

Section 1101, subdivision (a) provides that “evidence of a person‟s 

character or a trait of his or her character (whether in the form of an opinion, evidence of 

reputation, or evidence of specific instances of his or her conduct) is inadmissible when 

offered to prove his or her conduct on a specified occasion.” An exception to this rule 

exists when the crime or act is “relevant to prove some fact (such as motive, opportunity, 

intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, absence of mistake or accident, . . .) other 

than his or her disposition to commit such an act.” (§ 1101, subd. (b).) 

A “trial court is vested with wide discretion in determining the 

admissibility of evidence.” (People v. Karis (1988) 46 Cal.3d 612, 637.) “„Like other 

circumstantial evidence, admissibility [pursuant to section 1101, subdivision (b)] depends 

on the materiality of the fact sought to be proved, the tendency of the prior crime to prove 

the material fact, and the existence vel non of some other rule requiring exclusion.‟ 
7

[Citation.]” (People v. Jones (2012) 54 Cal.4th 1, 49.) We review the trial court‟s 

evidentiary rulings, including those “that turn on the relative probativeness and prejudice 

of the evidence in question” for an abuse of discretion. (People v. Hamilton (2009) 45 

Cal.4th 863, 930.) An abuse of discretion will be found only when the trial court‟s 

decision is found to be arbitrary, capricious, or whimsical and “exceeds all bounds of 

reason, all of the circumstances being considered. [Citations.]” (People v. Giminez

(1975) 14 Cal.3d 68, 72.) We find no such abuse here.

Over defendant‟s objection, the trial court admitted into evidence his 

statement that prior to the robbery, he was in the same car with the same gang members 

when they hit up gang members from a rival gang. Although defendant had intended to 

get out of the car and backup the Citron Street gang members by assaulting the rivals, he 

stayed inside the car when one of the two “baldies” shot at the Citron Street gang 

members. The court found the evidence relevant on the issues of defendant‟s knowledge 

and intent at the time of the robbery. 

At trial, defendant argued against admission because there had been no trial 

with respect to the uncharged shooting. This issue need not detain us long. A prior trial 

and/or conviction is not required before evidence of the conduct may be admitted under 

section 1101, subdivision (b). (See People v. Williams (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 587, 607 

[in drug prosecution, evidence of defendant‟s prior drug use and convictions generally 

admissible to prove knowledge of narcotic nature of drug].) Moreover, the statute does 

not refer to prior convictions. It authorizes evidence of crimes, civil wrongs or other acts 

when relevant. While the crimes and civil wrongs may be adjudicated in other 

proceedings, the same may not hold true for “other act[s]” admissible under the statute. 

Additionally, evidence of an act that occurred after the charged offense is admissible 

(People v. Griffin (1967) 66 Cal.2d 459, 464-465; People v. Taylor (1986) 180 

Cal.App.3d 622, 626 [section 1101, subdivision (b) does not require uncharged act to 

occur prior to charged offense]), making the existence of a conviction in those instances 
8

less likely. Consequently, there is no reason to conclude a prior conviction is required 

before evidence of another crime may be admitted under subdivision (b) of section 1101.

Defendant maintains that if the trial court was correct about there being “no 

facts that demonstrate any involvement by the defendant in the uncharged shooting other 

than being present,” then the same must be said about his involvement in the robbery. In 

both instances defendant remained in the car while the shooting or robbery were 

committed. However, defendant ignores the fact that his statement about the shooting 

incident demonstrated he knew about the role of backing up other gang members and that 

he was expected to backup the Citron Street gang members in the car. He also admitted 

he would have gotten out of the car and assaulted the Folks gang members had they not 

first fired a shot. Shortly after that incident, the same group drove to Irvine. A robbery 

was discussed on the drive and carried out when two of the group robbed the attendant at 

the Shell station. While two went into the Shell station, the car left the station and 

returned, the driver and remaining passengers (including defendant), looking for the 

robbers and keeping an eye out for the police. They found the robbers hiding in a bush, 

stopped, picked them up, made good their escape and went to Del Taco, where one of the 

robbers apparently bought food for the everyone in the car. The evidence was admissible 

under section 1101, subdivision (b) to show defendant‟s knowledge and intent.

Defendant argues that even if the evidence was admissible pursuant to 

section 1101, subdivision (b), it was substantially more prejudicial than probative and 

should have been excluded under section 352. That section authorizes a court to exclude 

evidence when the probative value of particular evidence is substantially outweighed by a 

substantial danger of undue prejudice. (§ 352; People v. Pearson (2013) 56 Cal.4th 393, 

457.) A trial court has broad discretion under section 352 and we review the trial court‟s 

decision for an abuse of discretion. (People v. Riccardi (2012) 54 Cal.4th 758, 808-809.)

While other crimes evidence is inherently prejudicial, it may still be 

admissible if it is substantially probative. (People v. Carpenter (1997) 15 Cal.4th 312, 
9

380.) Evidence of defendant‟s knowledge of the role of backup and his stated intent to 

backup members of Citron Street had a strong tendency to demonstrate he was not just 

merely present when the same gang members robbed the Shell gas station shortly after 

the shooting. It also showed he knew of the gang‟s commission of violent crimes, an 

element of active participation in a criminal street gang (§ 186.22, subd. (a)), an offense 

defendant was charged with committing. (People v. Rodriguez (2012) 55 Cal.4th 1125, 

1130.) Additionally, the evidence tended to prove defendant specifically intended to 

promote, further, or assist in the robbery as required by the charged gang enhancement (§ 

186.22, subd. (b)(1)). (In re Daniel C. (2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 1350, 1358.)

The trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting defendant‟s 

statements concerning his conduct in the shooting incident that occurred shortly before 

the robbery. With the trial court‟s ruling prohibiting other evidence of the shooting, the 

jury was left with one version—that a Folks gang member shot first, and defendant 

stayed in the car during the incident—limiting the potential for undue prejudice.

B. Evidence of Mundy’s Statements During Defendant’s Interrogation

During defendant‟s interrogation, Mundy made statements to the effect that 

he did not believe defendant. Defendant asserts the court erred in permitting the jury to 

hear the recording of his interrogation without redacting those portions wherein Mundy 

expressed a belief that defendant was not being truthful. He maintains Mundy‟s 

statements were not admissible because a witness‟s opinion of a defendant‟s guilt does 

not aid a jury as it is “as competent as the witness to weigh the evidence and draw a 

conclusion on the issue of guilt.” (People v. Torres (1995) 33 Cal.App.4th 37, 47.)

Defendant does not allege he objected to Mundy‟s statements and our 

review of the record has not disclosed an objection to the inclusion of Mundy‟s statement 

in the recording of defendant‟s interrogations. By not objecting on the ground now 

asserted on appeal, defendant “deprived the trial court of an opportunity to make a fully 
10

informed ruling on the issue. [Citations.]” (People v. Lindberg (2008) 45 Cal.4th 1, 48.) 

Because he did not raise the issue in the trial court, defendant has forfeited this argument. 

(People v. Pearson, supra, 56 Cal.4th at p. 439.)4

C. The Evidence Supports the Judgment

1. Robbery

Defendant next argues the evidence does not support his conviction for 

robbery. Contrary to his assertion, the evidence did not establish, at most, that he was but 

a passenger in the vehicle when the robbery occurred.

“„In assessing the sufficiency of the evidence, we review the entire record 

in the light most favorable to the judgment to determine whether it discloses evidence 

that is reasonable, credible, and of solid value such that a reasonable trier of fact could 

find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.‟ [Citation.]” (People v. Steele

(2002) 27 Cal.4th 1230, 1249.) We must accept all assessments of credibility made by 

the trier of fact and determine if substantial evidence exists to support each element of the 

offense. (See People v. Carpenter, supra, 15 Cal.4th at p. 387.) We presume in support 

of the judgment the existence of every fact that could reasonably be deduced from the 

evidence. (People v. Kraft (2000) 23 Cal.4th 978, 1053.) We may reverse for lack of 

substantial evidence only if “„upon no hypothesis whatever is there sufficient substantial 

evidence to support [the conviction].‟ [Citation.]” (People v. Bolin (1998) 18 Cal.4th 

297, 331.) In making this inquiry, it is important to note we do not ask ourselves whether 

we believe the evidence established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. (Jackson v. 

Virginia (1979) 443 U.S. 307, 318-319.) “Instead, the relevant question is whether, after 

 

4 Because we find the trial court did not err in admitting evidence of 

defendant‟s statement concerning the earlier shooting and defendant forfeited the issue 

concerning inclusion of Mundy‟s statements in the recording of defendant‟s statements, 

we need not address defendant‟s contention that the cumulative effect of these purported 

errors denied him a fair trial.
11

viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of 

fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. 

[Citation.]” (Id. at p. 319.) “The standard of review is the same when the prosecution 

relies mainly on circumstantial evidence. [Citation.]” (People v. Valdez (2004) 32 

Cal.4th 73, 104.)

Defendant lives in Santa Ana, but he spends significant time in Anaheim, in 

Citron Street territory, and in the presence of Citron Street gang members. On the night 

of the robbery he was in a car with four other Citron Street gang members when three of 

them hit up two individuals they believed to belong to a rival gang. Defendant, who 

knew the others in the car were Citron Street gang members, expected to backup those 

gang members during the hit up and use physical violence against the “baldies,” knowing 

full well that a hit up will likely result in violence and, if a gun is present, the gun will 

probably be used. Shots were fired.

Shortly after the shooting, the same Citron Street gang members and 

defendant drove to Irvine. On the way, there was a discussion about committing a 

robbery. Two of the gang members got out of the car and went into a Shell gas station 

where they committed a robbery. The driver and other two passengers, including 

defendant, did not drive into the gas station. But when the robbery was completed, they 

drove around the area looking for the robbers and keeping an eye out for the police. They 

saw the robbers hiding in a bush and stopped for them to get back into the car. Defendant 

admitted that had he seen police in the area, he would have warned the robbers because 

he did not want them to get caught. After they safely got away, the car full of Citron 

Street gang members went to a Del Taco where one of the robbers bought defendant his 

food, and presumably paid for the others. 

There were two methods of arriving at a guilty verdict in this case. First, 

the jury could have relied on the law of aiding and abetting. “To prove that a defendant 

is an accomplice, . . . the prosecution must show that the defendant acted „with 
12

knowledge of the criminal purpose of the perpetrator and with an intent or purpose either 

of committing, or of encouraging or facilitating commission of, the offense.‟ [Citation.] 

When the offense charged is a specific intent crime, the accomplice must „share the 

specific intent of the perpetrator‟; this occurs when the accomplice „knows the full extent 

of the perpetrator‟s criminal purpose and gives aid or encouragement with the intent or 

purpose of facilitating the perpetrator‟s commission of the crime.‟ [Citation.]” (People 

v. Prettyman (1996) 14 Cal.4th 248, 259.) By defendant‟s own admission, he knew two 

of his fellow gang members were going to rob the Shell station. They were dropped off 

on the street behind the gas station and the driver, defendant, and the remaining passenger 

later went looking for robbers after the robbery in order to effectual their escape. While 

defendant kept an eye out for the robbers, he also kept an eye out for the police and 

would have warned the others if he spotted any police because he wanted the robbers to 

get away successfully. The jury could properly have found defendant aided and abetted 

the robbers.

The second theory of liability is based on the law of conspiracy. A 

conspiracy “requires proof that the defendant and another person had the specific intent 

to agree or conspire to commit an offense, as well as the specific intent to commit the 

elements of that offense, together with proof of the commission of an overt act „by one or 

more of the parties to such agreement‟ in furtherance of the conspiracy. [Citation.]” 

(People v. Morante (1999) 20 Cal.4th 403, 416, fn. omitted.) Conspiracy does not 

require and express verbal agreement. A jury may find a conspiracy existed based on 

“the conduct, relationship, interests, and activities of the alleged conspirators before and 

during the alleged conspiracy. [Citations.]” (People v. Cooks (1983) 141 Cal.App.3d 

224, 311.) The fact that committing a robbery was discussed on the drive to Irvine, the 

robbers were dropped off behind the Shell gas station and later picked up to make good 

their escape tends to show there had been an agreement to commit the robbery.
13

The evidence supports the jury concluding defendant‟s presence during the 

robbery was not an accident and that defendant acted with the intent to facilitate the 

robbery. Accordingly, we reject defendant‟s sufficiency of the evidence challenge.

2. Active Participation in a Criminal Street Gang

The crime of actively participating in a criminal street gang (Pen. Code, § 

186.22, subd. (a)) has three elements: “(1) active participation in a criminal street gang, 

in the sense of participation that is more than nominal or passive; (2) knowledge that the 

gang‟s members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity; and (3) 

the willful promotion, furtherance, or assistance in any felonious criminal conduct by 

members of that gang. (People v. Lamas (2007) 42 Cal.4th 516, 523.)” (People v. 

Albillar (2010) 51 Cal.4th 47, 55-56.) Defendant asserts the first and third elements are 

lacking.

Notwithstanding the fact that defendant lives in Santa Ana, not Anaheim, 

during a seven-month period in 2008, Detective Munday had approximately 10 contacts 

with defendant in Citron Street territory in Anaheim. He was in the presence of other 

Citron Street gang members during a number of those contacts and one such contact 

resulted in defendant‟s arrest. His residence in Santa Ana was searched and Citron Street 

gang memorabilia was found in his bedroom. On the night in question, defendant was 

with four other Citron Street gang members and intended to back them up in their 

criminal gang activity in hitting up two individuals believed to belong to a rival gang. 

Shortly after that incident, he travelled to Irvine with the same gang members and aided 

and abetted a robbery by acting as a lookout. Thus, his participation in the gang was not 

merely passive or nominal. The third element—willful promotion, furtherance, or 

assistance in any felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang—was established 

by evidence showing defendant acted as a lookout in the robbery perpetrated by other 

members of his gang.
14

D. The Restitution Fines

Lastly, the court imposed a Penal Code section 1202.4 restitution fine in the 

amount of $250 and imposed and stayed a Penal Code section 1202.45 parole revocation 

fine in a like amount.5 Defendant argues these fines were imposed in violation of the ex 

post facto clauses of the federal and state Constitutions. 

On January 1, 2012, six months before defendant‟s sentencing, an 

amendment to Penal Code section 1202.4 became effective, increasing the minimum 

restitution fine on felony convictions from $200 to $240. (Pen. Code, § 1202.4, subd. 

(b)(1) as amended by Stats. 2012, ch. 868 § 3 [$240 minimum fine]; former § 1202.4, 

subd. (b)(1) as amended by Stats. 2007, ch. 302, § 14 [$200 minimum fine].) Even given 

the fact that a restitution fine is deemed punishment for purposes of an ex post facto 

analysis and the amount of such a fine must be calculated as of the date of the offense, 

not conviction, (see People v. Souza (2012) 54 Cal.4th 90, 143 [restitution fine 

constitutes punishment for ex post facto prohibition]; People v. Downing (1985) 174 

Cal.App.3d 667, 672), defendant‟s argument fails.

The trial court ordered the fines without reference to the minimum required 

under section Penal Code section 1202.4, as it existed in 2008 ($200) or 2012 ($240). It 

merely imposed a restitution fine in the amount of $250, a sum above the minimum 

regardless of the version of the statute considered. To reverse the trial court‟s imposition 

of the restitution fine would require that we assume the court mistakenly concluded the 

2012 version of Penal Code section 1202.4 applied to defendant‟s sentence for offenses 

committed in 2008. There is no reason for such an assumption.

Had the court imposed a $240 restitution find, stating it was imposing the 

minimum fine permitted by law, or stated it was going to set the amount of restitution 

 

5 Subdivision (a) of Penal Code section 1202.45 requires the court to 

impose a parole revocation fine in the same amount as the restitution fine imposed 

pursuant to Penal Code section 1202.4.
15

fine at the minimum plus $10, there would be evidence the court erred in concluding the 

amendment to Penal Code section 1202.4 applied to defendant‟s convictions. But the 

court did not do that. It simply imposed a restitution fine of $250, an amount over and 

above the minimum fine under either version of the statute. It would be nothing short of 

sheer speculation to conclude the trial court used the wrong version of Penal Code section 

1202.4. Absent some indication the court applied the wrong version of the statute, we 

have no cause to reverse the trial court‟s decision, much less reduce the restitution fine to 

the $200 minimum in effect at the time of defendant‟s offenses. 

III

DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

MOORE, J.

WE CONCUR:

O‟LEARY, P. J.

RYLAARSDAM, J.