AQUATIC

HERBICIDE DATA

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Agriculture Handbook No. 231

Agricultural Research Service

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AQUATIC

HERBICIDE DATA

Compilpti^by

J. M. LAWRENCE, associate fish culturist,

Agricultural Experiment Station,

Auburn University, Auburn, Ala.

This study was carried out at the Agricultural Experiment Station,

Auburn University, under contract with the Agricultural Research Service,

United States Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture Handbook No. 231

Washington, D.C. Issued December 1962

For sale^by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington 25, D.C. - Price .65 cents
Contents

Page

PROBLEMS IN THE CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS 1

METHODS OF PRESENTATION OF DATA 2

COMMON NAMES OR DESIGNATIONS FOR CHEMICALS REPORTED 3

NAMES OF ALGAE AND AQUATIC PLANTS STUDIED 4

Algae used in algacide tests 4

Aquatic plants used in herbicide tests 5

EFFECTS OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES ON FISH AND OTHER AQUATIC

ORGANISMS 8

Table 1. Effects of varying concentrations of various herbicides and

related compounds on pond fishes and fish-food organisms 8

Table 2. Effects of copper sulfate on certain aquatic organisms 19

EFFECTS OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES ON VARIOUS ALGAE 19

Table 3. Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various plankton

algae 19

Table 4. Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae 20

Tables. Effects of dichlone on various algae 31

Table 6. Effects of phenanthraquinone on various algae 31

Table 7. Effects of copper sulfate on various algae 32

Table 8. Effects of chlorine on various algae 34

EFFECTS OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES ON VARIOUS WEEDS 35

Table 9. Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds. 35

Table 10. Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on emergent weeds. 70

Table 11. Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds. 78

Table 12. Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on floating weeds.. 122

Table 13. Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on miscellaneous

weeds 125

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 126

Toxicity of herbicides to aquatic animals 126

Toxicity of herbicides to aquatic plants 129

n
1/

AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

Complied by J. M. LAWRENCE, associate fish culturist,

Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, Ala.

Problems in the Control of Aquatic Weeds

Aquatic plants growing witiiin or at the water's

edge of ponds, lakes, streams, drainage ditches,

and irrigation channels cause many problems in

the management and utilization of these waters

by man. The principal water uses at present

include fish production, domestic and industrial

water supplies, irrigation, stock watering, waterfowl habitat, and recreation. Obnoxious aquatic

growths common to various waters that interfere

with one or more of the uses come from the following groups: plankton algae, filamentous algae,

submerged rooted plants, emergent rooted plants,

marginal rooted plants, and floating types of

plants.

Manj^ species of plankton algae are beneficial

and essential in that they provide the basic food

for fish production. However, these same species

of algae are undesirable in domestic water supplies

since they impart odors and flavors to drinking

waters and for industrial uses as they produce

sludge, foam, and scale. A mixed growth of algae

and fungi on domestic and industrial cooling

towers renders their operation difficult and inefläcient. The recreational value of ponds and

lakes can be greatly reduced by scums and odors

produced by certain blue-green algae.

The filamentous algae serve practically no useful

purpose beyond their occasional use for controlling

submerged rooted vegetation in ponds and lakes.

In fisheries filamentous algae usually reduce fish

production, provide too much cover for small fish,

and interfere with the harvesting of fish by draining, seining, or fishing. In practically aU other

water uses these algae impede flow, cause clogging

of pipes and filters, and provide breeding places

for mosquitoes.

The submerged rooted plants and the emergent

rooted plants in fish ponds decrease fish production, promote overcrowding of population with

small fish, and interfere with harvesting of fish.

These plants fill up the pond, stream, or channel;

obstruct the flow; and eventually reduce the

volimie. This condition usually makes the body

of water undesirable for any use except for a

waterfowl habitat. The seed heads and other

plants parts of a few plants in these two groups—

submerged and emergent plants—provide desirable waterfowl food, but the majority of both

groups usually are classed as "weeds." Some in

both groups of plants offer habitats for the production of mosquitoes and possibly provide a

breeding habitat for snaüs, which are vectors of

many parasites of fish, birds, and mammals.

The marginal rooted plants usually are considered imsightly along bodies of water. However, these plants are undesirable chiefly because

they invade the water's edge and eventuaUy fill

in the pond, lake, stream, or canal and reduce its

volume. In small streams and especially in canals

they seriously impede the flow of water. Most of

these plants also provide breeding habitats for

mosquitoes and snaüs and offer hiding places for

snakes. A few plants in this group are valuable

as food for waterfowls or other wildlife.

The floating types of plants have no useful

purpose in any of the water uses previously mentioned. They decrease fish production, contribute

to overcrowding of fish popiflation, and seriously

interfere with harvesting of the fish. These

plants clog streams and channels and impede or

block their flow; they also íül in the areas when

they die and decay. Most of these plants also

provide breeding habitats for mosquitoes and

snails. Water-hyacinths, however, tend to inhibit the breeding of the Anopholene mosquitoes.

These problems arising from the presence of

aquatic plants have increased manyfold in the 20th

century because of the expanded development and

utilization of manmade ponds, lakes, and irrigation

channels. At present the utilization of existing

surface water supplies is proceeding at a recordbreaking rate. Developing along with this accelerated utilization of surface water supplies has

been the ever-increasing problem of control of the

aquatic plant growths within them. Before

World War II chemical control of aquatic weeds

was limited to the use of copper sulfate for kiUing

algae and sodiumf arsenite for kiUing all types of

aquatic plants. /Since 1946 the use of chemicals

for controlling all types of aquatic plant growths

has been greatly expanded. The information on

such research and results of field trials is widely

scattered in various publications and is not

readily available to the technician in the field.

This handbook was compiled to bring Üiis mformation together and to summarize it. ^
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Methods of Presentation of Data

The data reported in this handbook were

obtained from .information sources available to

the compiler. All the world literature on this

subject was not reviewed.

The compiler has made no attempt to place any

evaluation on the results beyond that reported by

the respective authors. The results are expressed

in the author's terms as nearly as possible.

The scientific names of higher plants are those

in established usage by the Department of Agriculture. Where the name in any reference differs

from this, the name used in the reference is in

parentheses following the approved name. In the

few instances where the name in the references

could not be identified by the Department or is

not used for the common name given, the name is

placed in parentheses. The names of chemicals

re those used by the Weed Society of America.

iThe first section of this handbook is a listing of

le chemicals for which data are available. Next

is a plant index, which includes listings of all

genera and species of algae and of all genera and

species of higher plants on which screening tests

and field chemical-control data has been recorded.

The listing of higher plants is divided into groups

of submerged, emergent, marginal, floating, and

miscellaneous weeds.

Table 1 presents data on the toxicity to fish and

other aquatic animals of chemicals that have,been

used as aquatic algacides or herbicides. ¿These

data are tabulated as completely as possible, and

a reference to the original source is given. There

are numerous inconsistencies among the various

references to various chemicals. Since no attempt

has been made by the compiler to evaluate this

information, any investigator using such chemicals

for weed control in waters inhabited by fish should

determine the toxic level of a chemical under his

own conditions before proceeding with a largescale program of weed control. Many local

factors, such as water temperature, total hardness, and turbidity, affect or alter the toxicity

of a given chemical to fish and other anhnals in

certain waters. These toxicity data (often determined under laboratory conditions) serve only as

a guide for more accurate determinations of local

tolerancesrn

Tables 2 to 8 present data on effects of copper

sulfate on aquatic organisms, effects of aquatic

herbicides on plankton algae, and several groupings of effects of aquatic herbicides or chemicals

on algae.

Tables 9 to 13 present data on the effects ot

aquatic herbicides on aquatic plants. In this tabulation the plants are divided into the major groups

mentioned earlier. For each species of plant, the

common and the scientific names are given.£_In

some instances, only the generic name is given

since the exact species is unknown.

For each plant, under the heading "Herbicide"

the official names of chemicals that have been used

for its control are listed. The first item listed for

each chemical is the concentration—either in parts

per mülion or in percent—of active ingredient used

if the entire volume of water was treated or the rate

per acre of active ingredient of the chemical. The

next item listed is the carrier (water, oil, dust, or

none), and, when available, the amoimt of carrier

applied per acre (this often includes the total

volume of both carrier and chemical).

The results with each chemical tested on each

species of plant are given xmder "control," and,

where possible, are stated as percent killed or percent controlled. ' In many cases the kill was not

given in percent; rather it was expressed as poor,

fair, etc. Although this column is headed "Control," usually the results reported are believed to

represent temporary control for a few weeks,

months, or a season at most rather than permanent

control. "

The column under "Remarks" contains information concerning date of treatment, method of application, habitat conditions, geographic location,

and any other special information. These remarks are brief; if further information is desired,

it may be obtained from the original reference.

Following the above-mentioned data on each

chemical is a reference or references to the original

publication or source of informatioruj

The last section of the handbook is the bibliography in two parts. The first part contains references on the toxicity of aquatic herbicides and related compoimds to fish and other aquatic animals.

The second part contains j;eference.s on chemical

control of aquatic weeds. "

r
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

Common Names or Designations for Chemicals Reported

Common name or

designatiim Ckemical name

Acriflavin 2,8 dianiino-lO-methylacriduim chloride

Acrolein acrylaldehyde

Alum aluminum potassium sulfate

Amitrole 3-amino-l,2,4:-triazole

AMS ammonium, sulfamate

Amsco HT solvent, mineral spirits (aromatic solvent)

Aromatic Esso WS- Do.

1492.

Aromatic Esso WS- Do.

1494.

Aromatic Esso WS- Do.

1495.

Atabrine quinacrine hj'drochloride

Atlacide sodium chlorate

Atrazine 2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine

BHC benzenehexachloride

Borascu "-_ anhydrous metaborate

CDEA 2-chloro-N,N-diethylacetamide

CIPA isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate

Chloroben chlorinated benzene

CuSOi copper sulfate

CuClj cuperic chloride

2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

BE butyl ester

BEE - butoxy ethanol ester

DMS dimethylamine salt

EE ethyl ester

lOE - isooctyl ester

IPE isopropyl ester

L.V. ester - low volatile ester

ME methyl ester

Na salt sodium salt

NH4 salt ammoniumsalt

PGBEE propylene glycol butyl ether ester

TBP tributyl phosphate

XEA triethanolamine

DAC dodecylacetamide dimethylbenzyl

ammonium chloride.

Dalapon 2,2-dichloropropionic acid

DB metaborate + 2,4-D

4-(2^4-DB) 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid

'DMS dimethylamine salt

DCB orthodiohlorobenzene

Uelrad dehvdroabietylamine acetate

Delrad SO. - . _

Delrad50S__-

Delrad70 , .^ ,. -u

2,4-DEP tris(2,4-dichlorophenoxyethyl) phosphite.

Dichlone - _ -- 2,3-dichloro-l,4-naphthoquinone

Diquat l:l'-ethylene-2:2'-dipyridylium dibromide.

. Diuron 3-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-l, 1-

dimethylurea.

DNBP 4,6-dinitro-O-secondary butylphenol

j5]s;^Q 3,5-dimtro-O-cresol

DNCEfP 2,4-dinitro-6-oyclohexyl phenol

2 3-DNQ 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone

Dowpon 2,2-dichloropropionic acid

EmulWS-1492 mineral spirits (aromatic solvent)

Endothal 3,6-endoxo hexohydrophthalic acid

Common name or

designaiion Chemical name

Erbon 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl 2,2-

dichloropropinate

Esteron - 2,4-5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, propylene gycol buytol ether ester

Fenac 2,3,6-trichlorophenyIacetic acid

Fenuron .3-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea

Ferbam ferric dimethyl dithiocarbamate

Fermate ferric dimethyl dithiocarbamate

HCA hexachloroacetone

HT solvent mineral spirits

Hyamine 1622 para diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl

dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride

Hyamine 2389 alkyl (C9-C15) totyl methyl trimethyl

ammonium chloride

IPC isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate

KMn04 potassium permanganate

MCPA 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid

4-(MCPB) 4-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) butyric

acid

AIH maleic hydrazide

Monsanto PCB paradichlorobenzene

Monuron 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea

Movidyne colloidal silver

Na PCP - sodium pentachlorophenol

Na ,TCA trichloroacetic acid, sodium salt

Neburon l-n-butyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-lmethylurea

Nigrosine dye

Oktone octachlorocyclohexenone

PBA dimethyl polychlorobenzoic acid

amine

PCB polychlorobenzene

PCP pentachlorophenol

PMA pyridylmercuric acetate

Phygon XI 2,3-dichloronaphthaquinone

RÄDA dehydroabietylamine acetate

RADS dehvdroabietylamine sulfate

Roccal alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium

chloride

Silvex 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic

acid

lOE isooctyl ester

Na salt sodium salt

PGBEE__ propylene glycol butyl ether ester

TBP tributyl phosphate

TEA . trithanolamine

Simazine 2 chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-striazine

2,4,5-T 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyaoetic acid

DMS dimethylamine salt

IPE isopropyl ester

TBP tributyl phosphate

TEA__ triethanolamino

TBA

2 3,5-TBA 2,3,5-trichlorobenzoic acid

2Í3Í6-TBA, sodium 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoio acid

salt

TCA trichloroacetic acid

2,4,5-TCB 2,4,5-trichlorobenzene

TCE trichloroethylene

Ureabor diruon -1- sodium borate

Ziram (ZDD) zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DBPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Names of Algae and Aquatic Plants Studied

Algae Used in Algacide Tests

Algae References

Achnanthes linearis ^{173)

Anabaena (Í2S, 1S4, llfB, 177,

205, S38, SU)

Ankistrodesmus falcaius (173, ê05, S44)

Aphanizomenon (134, 146, 177, 199,

Aslerionella {14e, 177, S05, S4i)

Calothrix braunii (Í 73)

C. parieiina (134)

Ceratium (146)

Chara 2(97, ISS, 1S5, 146,

169, 171, 191, 198,

¡¡06, 211, 230, 234,

235, 238, 239, 244)

Chlamydomonas (134, 146, 177, 205)

C. communis (173)

C. paradoxa (173)

Chlorella (134, 135)

C. variegaia (17S, 187)

Chlorococcum botryoides (173)

C. humicola (17S)

Chroococcus (178)

Cladophora (102, 133, 135, I4

177, 181, ^

Clathrocystis (146, 244)

Closterium (146, 177,.

Coccochloris peniocysiis (134)

Coccomyxa simplex (173)

Coelasirum (146, 173, ._ , ,,

Coelosphaerium (146, 177, 205,

Compsopogon (3)

Conferva (146, . Cryptomonas (146)

Cyclotella (146)

Cylindrospermum (146, 173, 187)

Desmidium (146, 177, 244)

Dictyosphaerium (146)

Dinobryon (146)

Draparnaldia (14e, 177, 244)

Enteromorpha (146, 24It)

Eudorina (146, 177, U4)

Euglena (14e, 177)

Fragilaria (128, 146, 177, 205,

ülenodinium (148)

Gloeocapsa (146)

O. alpicola (134)

G. dimidiata (134)

G. membranina (134)

Gloeocystis (146, 173)

Gloeotrichia echinulata (134)

Gomphonema parvulum (173, 187)

Hydrodictyon ^(128, 133, I46, 177

182, 183, 184, 205,

209, 211, 230, 244)

Lyngbya (ißs, IS4)

Mallomonas (146)

Melosira. (14e, 244)

Mesotaenium caldoriorum (173)

Algae References

Microcysiis aeruginosa (134, 173, 187)

M. incerta (128, 134, 146, 177,

244)

M. marina (Anacystis marine) (1S4)

Microspora (146, ^44)

Navicula (I46, 238, 244)

mulla (146, 177)

Nitzschia (146)

N. palea (173. 187)

Nostoc commune (134)

N. muscorum (134, 173)

Oedogonium 2 (97^ gso, 234)

Oocystis lacustris (173)

0. marsonii (173)

Oscillatoria (97, 136, I46, 177,

Palmella (148, 244)

Pandorina (128, 146, 177, 244)

Pediastrum (128)

Peridinium (146, 177)

Phormidium (135, 173)

Pithophora 2 (136, 184, ^09)

Plectonema nostocorum (134, 173)

Porphyridium (97)

Protococcus (146, 176)

Raphidium (146)

Bhizoclonium (^)

Scenedesmus (134, 146, 173, 177,

205, 238, 244)

S. obliquus (173, 187)

Sphaerella lacustris (173)

Spirogyra '^(97, 110, 133, 135,

146, 176, 177, 181,

182, 206, 206, 230,

238, 244)

S. dubia (176)

S. nítida (176)

Staurastrum (128, 146, 206, 244)

Stephanodiscus (146, 244)

Stichococcus (134)

Stigeoclonium (134, 176)

S. nanum (173)

Symploca erecta (173)

Synedra (146, 177, 206, 244)

Synura (14e, 177)

Tabellaría (f^ß, 177, 244)

Tetrastrum (146)

Tribonema (244)

T. utriculata (QT)

Ulothrix 3 (i^e, 238, 244)

Uroglena (j^e, 177)

Volvox (ne, 177, 238, 244,

^46)

Zygnema i (97^ 133^ f^g, 177,

206, 206, 244)

' Italic numbers In parentheses refer to Selected Bibliography, p. 126

2 AUBURN UNIVEESITY. DATA ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN PONDS

,^^^- ^,'^'- S'*-' ^*" Ponds Pro]. Unpublished Ann. Kpts. 1946-61 '

Î Personal correspondence on the use ot RADA from R. F. Blanks Bur Eeclam., Denver. IQfiO. i^^-^, oui.
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA 5

Aquatic Plants Used in Herbicide Tests

Aquatic plants RefereTicea

öubinerged weeds:

Cabomba caroliniana—Fanwort _ i (97, 123, 159, 160, 169, 197, 236, S51)

Callitriche spp.—Water-starworts (.109)

Ceratophyllum demersum—Coont&a i (97, 109, 110, 123, HI, lU, 148, U9, 1B9, 160, 169, 188

„, , . . 198, 201, 211, 227, 229, 239, 247)

Eleocharis acicularis—Needlerush 1 (159, 210, 211, 236, 236)

E. cellulosa—Needlerush (211)

E. párvula—Spikerush (211)

Elodea canadensis (Anarcharis canadensis)—Elodea 1 (97, 102, 109, 110, 117, 123, 125, 148, 159, 160 167, 171

185, 188,197,198, 227, 230, 232, 234, 236, 239, 246, 251,

E. densa (Anacharis densa)^Dense waterweed (108, 109, 150, 159, 171, 181)

E. occidentalis (Anacharis occidentalis)—Western water- (125, 180, 181, 239)

weed

Heteranihera dubia—Water-stargrass 1 (97, 117, 180, 181, 188, 211, 227, 229, 232, 239, 247, 252)

Hydrochloa caroliniensis—Southern watergrass ^ (211, 235, 236)

Hypericum spp.—St.-Johns-worts (101, 240)

Juncus spp.—Rushes (206)

J. roemerianus—Needlerush (97, 98, 101, 174, 178, 211, 224, 226, 240)

Jussiaea diffusa—Waterprimrose (147)

J. peruviana—Waterprimrose (211)

J. repens—Waterprimrose (211)

J. uruguayensis—Waterprimrose 1 2 (loi, 103, 104, 151, 175, 200)

Myriophyllum spp.—Watermilfoils (123, 135, I48)

M. brosiZiense—Parrotsfeather 1 (119, 125, 180, 181, 211, 232, 235, 236, 239)

M. exalbescens—Watermilfoü (97, 119, 126, 144, 160, 169, 224)

M. heterophyllum—Müíoü s Q26, 131, 144, 182, 188, 197, 232, 235, 236, 261, 252)

M. verticillatum—Milfoil (199)

ATajas spp.—Naiads »2 (107, 121, 149, 169, 188, 197, 201, 204, S09, 211, '"20,

Potamogetón spp.—Pondweeds 12 (97, I04, 109, 123, 125, 131, 136,14I, 146, 168, 160, 169,

180, 201, 206, 209, 211, 227, 236, 236, 239, 246, 251, 252)

P. amplifoliv^—Pondweed (191, 197)

P. compressus—Pondweed (230)

P. crispus—Crinkled-leaf pondweed (159, 160, 188, 191, 192, 230, 232, 234, 252)

P. diversifolius—Pondweed '(103)

P. epihydrus—Pondweed (102, 117, 180, 181, 188, 232)

P. filiformis (P. interior)—Fine-leaf pondweed (98, 230, 232, 234)

P.foliosus—'Leaîy pondweed- (102, 117, 180, 181, 188, 227, 230, 232, 234, U7, 248)

P. natans—Pondweed (159, 160, 191, 192)

P. nodosus (P. ameWcanus)—American pondweed (103, 117, 180, 181, 188, 230, 231, 232)

P. pectinatus (P. pectinatus var. interruptus)—Sago pond- (102, 117, 126, 135, 159, 180, 181, 230, . weed).

P. pv^illus—Pondweed (159, 160)

P. richardsonii—Richardson's pondweed (117, 159, 180, 181,

P. robbinsii—Pondweed.. (159, 191, 192)

P. spirillus—Pondweed (')

P. vaseyi—Pondweed (160)

Utricularia spp.—Bladderworts ' (97, 123, 191, 192, 211, 224, 232, 236, 236, 246, 251)

Vallisneria americana—Eélgr&ss (97, 123, 159, 168, 252)

Zannichellia palustris—Horned pondweed (117, 126, 180, 181, 188, 239)

Emergent weeds: , „, „„„

Brasenia schreberi—Wa.teTahield ' (97, 101, 123, 159, 170, 192, 210, 211, 224, 225, 235, 236,

246)

Ludioigia palustris—Waterpurslane (109, 232)

Nasturtium officinale—-Watercress (124,180,181,232)

Nuphar aá!;ena—Spatterdock (97, 99, 103, 121,123,148,149, 169, 174,191, 198, 211, 215,

22A $31 23B)

Nymphaea spp.—Waterlilies (118, 119, 122, 123, 169, 170, 191, 192, 197, 206, 210, 232,

246,261)

N. mexicana—WUte waterlüy ' (149, 174, 210, 230, 231)

N odoraia—WUte waterlUy 1 (97, 101, 149, 174, 189, 210, 211, 223, 224, 230, 231, 236,

236, 240, 241, 242, 262)

N. tuberosa—White waterlily (149, 174, 210, 230, 231)

Oenanthe sp.—Waterparsley (109)

Peltandra virginiea—Arrow-arum (101, 149)

Pistia stratiotes—Waterlettuce (121, 211)

Ranunculus aquatilis—White watercrowfoot (109, 117, . Rorippa sp. (Israel) (109)

Trapa natans—Waterchestnut (97, I4I, 142, 174, 207,

See footnotes at end of list, p. 7.
6 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Aquatic plants References

Marginal weeds:

Acorus calamus—Sweetflag _ U4-9)

Aeschynomene virginica—Curly indigo {SOU)

Alnus nijosa^Alders ( '7'4)

ii^TntÄxVoidVs^^Ä^^ {101, 116, lie, in, us, 165, 166, 174, 197, 211, m, 2S2,

24-0, 241, 24^}

Caperonia castaneifolia—Mexican-weed (SOO)

Carex atherodes—Oregon sugargrass (180)

C. aquatilis—Ripgutgrass (180, 181)

Cephalanthus occidentalis—Buttonbush (101, 147, 174,^82)

Cyperus acuminatus—Sedge ' (103, 109, 210)

C. articulattis—Yellow sedge (200)

C. erythrorhizos—Sedge ' (210)

C. giganteus—Egyptian paperplant (224)

(Decodon americana)-—Waterwillow (IOS, 104, 149, 176)

D. verticillatus—Waterwillow (169)

Distichlis app.—Saltgrasses (178)

Eleocharis obtusa—Spikerush ' (210, 2S1, 236)

E. quadrangulata—Square-stem spikerush (232)

Equisetum sp.—Horsetail (109)

Glyceria sp.—Mannagrass (109, 236, 236)

Hibiscus militaris—Rosemallow (149, 174)

H. moscheutos—Rosemallow (149- 174)

Hydrocotyle umbellata—Pennywort ' (116)

Juncus spp.—Tussock or rushes (109)

J. effusus—^oîi rush ^ (206, 210, 211, 232, 236)

Justicia americana—Dianthera (147, Sil)

Leersia sp.—Cutgrass (236)

Myrica cerifera (Cerothamus ceriferus)-—Waxmyrtle (241) „„„ „,„.

Nelumbo Mea (N. pentapetula)--luotns (97, 98, 99, 101, 103, IO4, W, 149, 174, 211, 215, 232, 24O)

Orontium aqualium-—Goldenclub (224)

Panicum hemitomon—Ma.idenca.ne (99, 101, 121, 174,20}, 211, 224, 241, 242)

P. purprirascens (P. barbinode)—Paragrass (130, 196, 211,

P. repens—Panicum (101, 224, HI)

Paspalum distichum—Knoigrasa ' (109, 210, 236)

Phragmites commums—Phragmites (101, 126, 174, 201, 211, 212, 217,

P. maximus—Reedgrass (97, 210)

Polygonum spp.—Smartweeds 1 = (98, 101, 115, 147, 210, 232)

P. hydropiperoides—Waterpepper (169)

Pontederia cordaia—Pickerelweed 1 (99, 101, IO4, 118, 121, I48, 159,

(Ranunculus sp.)—Marshmarigold (169)

Sagittaria s«6uZaia—Arrowhead » (97, 103, IO4, 123, I4I, 147, 148, 149, 159, 176, 200, 232)

SaZîx spp.—Willows ^(101, 109, 239,240, 24I)

S. aZ6a—White willow (101, 24O, 24I)

S. amygdaloides—WiUow (101. 240, 24I)

S. caroliniana—Willow (101, 24O, 241)

S. cordata—Willow (101, 24O, 24I)

S. discolor—Willow (101, 24O, 24I)

S. exigua—Wiüow (101, 240, 24I)

S. interior (S. longifolia)—Willow (101, 24O, 24I)

S. lucida—Willow (101, 24O, 24I)

S. lútea—Willow (101, 24O, 24I)

S. nisra—Willow 1 (101, IOS, I47, 174, 176, 215, 232, 24O)

Saururus cernuus—LizardtaU (147, 210, 231)

Scirpus spp.—Bulrushes 2 (^JQI, 118, 206, 240, 262)

S. californicus—Saltgrass (224)

S. rubricosus (S. eriophorum)—Woolgrass (147, 210)

S. validus—Soit-stem bulrush 1 (US, 122, I49, 170, 175,

Sesbania macrocarpa—Indigoweed (200)

Sparganium sp.—Burreed (97)

S. americanum—Burreed (109, I49, 201, 230, 2S2)

S. angusiifolium—Burreed (169)

S. eurycarpum—Burreed (HO, 150, 202, 231^233)

Spartina bakeri—Baker's cordgrass (224, 241)

S. cynosuroides—Cordgrass (101, 242)

S. patens—Saltmeadow cordgrass (240, 241,

S. spartinae—Cordgrass (210, :

S. X townsendii—Cordgrass (194)

Sphenoclea zeylanica—Gooseweed

See footnotes at end of list, p. 7.
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA y

Aquatic plants References

Marginal weeds:—Continued

Tamarix galUca—Saltcedar {¡¡39)

Typha spp.—Cattails 2 {97, 99, m, I48, 211, ^0, 2Í1

T. angustifoha—Ca.Ua.il {98, 99, 167, 168, 180, 181, 211 .

T. dormngensis—C&tteál {98, 99, 101, 17A, 22Í., 2A0, 2A1)

T. glauca—Cattail {2^0)

T. latifolia—Cattail 1 {91, 93^ 94, 95^ 9e, 98, 101, IOS, IO4, 109, US, 122 127

132, 136, 146, 147, 149, 162, 169, 169, 174 175, 180,

T. . „ ^ 1, . ^^^' '^^' ^^^' ^^0' ^^^' ^^0, 232, 2S4, 2S6, 24O, 252) Keromca spp.—Speedwells {109) < t< i f > /

Zizaniopsis TOi7mcea—Giant cutgrass {97, 98, 99, 101, I40, 147, 196, 216, 224, ^32, 24O, 241) Floating weeds: > -n > f , t 1

Eichhornia crassipes—Water-hyacinth 1 {116, 163,166,166, 167, 169, 180, 181,200 211 221

Lemna spp.—Duckweeds 1 {103, IO4, 110, 124, 133, 170, 176, 232, 236, 251) '

L. mi7io?--Duokweed 1 (97, 193, 211, 236, 252)

Salvinia rotundifolia—Waterfern {211)

Spirodela polyrhiza—Big duckweed 1 {103, I04, II4, 124, 133, 170, 176, 232, 235, 251)

Wolffia spp.—Watermeals 1 {103, IO4, 114, 124, 133, 170, 175, 232, 236, 251)

Miscellaneous weeds:

Conyza spp. (Israel) {201)

ínula sp. (Israel) {201)

Rubus spp {201)

1 AUBURN UNIVEKSITT. DATA ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTEOL m PONDS. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta., Farm Ponds Proi., Unpublished Ann. Ent«. 1946-61

2 Personal correspondence from T. W. Wright. 1968.

> Personal communication from G. W. Wilde, Board of Fisheries and Qame, Conn. 1967.

637339—62-
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—^Continued

Spartina patens (Saltmeadow cordgrass)—Continued

Herbicide

Amitrole -

Amitrole+ dalapon _

Concentration

2,4-D, PGBEE2,4-D, IPE

Silvex

TCA+silvex

Dalapon

Monuron

Amitrole

Amitrole+erbonErbon

Rate per acre '

5 lb. (each) _

3 lb. (each) _

5 lb. (each).

3 lb. (each).

1 lb. (each)_

3 1b

5 1b__

20 1b1 lb..

1 lb. (each).

lOlb. + lOlb5 lb.+ 10 lb..

3 1b. + 10 1b..

2 1b.+ 3 1b...

1.5 1b. + 2 1b.

10 1b. + 3 1b_.

5 1b. + 51b...

Carrier Control or response

None.

_do50-60 percent.

40 percent.

10 percent.

None

40 percent.

None

do

-do.

80 percent.

60 percent.

do

55 percent.

40 percent.

50 percent.

60 percent.

Remarks

Treated June 25, and July 16,

checked Oct. 1958.

do.

Treated June 25, July 16,

and July 29, checked in

Oct. 1958.

do

.do.

Treated June 25, checked in

Oct. 1958.

do

do

Treated June 25, checked in

Oct. 1958, 400 sq. ft., plots

in refuge.

Treated June 25 and July 16,

checked in Oct. 1958, 400

sq. ft., plots in refuge.

Treated June 25, checked in

Oct. 1958, 400 sq. ft. plot,

refuge.

do

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

Reference

We)

We)

WS)

Spartina spartinae (Cordgrass)

4.8 1b

4-8 lb

10.4 1b

83.2 1b

10 1b. + 20.8 1b.

10 1b

12-15 lb

20 1b

3.4 lb.+ 20.8 lb.

10.4 1b

Diesel fuel.

do

Water

do

do

do

do....

Diesel fuel.

90-100 percent.

do

88 percent

80 percent

98 percent

Partial

Very effective..

96 percent.

90 percentPond tests.

do

do

do

Pond tests.

do....

Ponds; recommended rate.

Pond tests

do

(210)

{210)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

O

00
Spariina X townsendii (Cordgrass)

Dalapon,

Fenuroii_

Feiiuron+2,4-D+sodium borate.

Monuron,

Monuron+sodium berate.

Diuron (WP).

201b301b.

401b501b.

40 1b601b15 lb. (fenuron) - ..

15 lb. (fenuron). ..

20 1b. (fenuron).-.

20 lb..

40 Ib250 lb.

500 lb.

1,000 1b.

20 lb....

401b.

40 1b.

601b.

Water, 100 gal.

do

.do.

.doWater, 100 galdo

GranulesWater

-do.

Granulesdo.--

Granules.

do...

do

Water, 100 galdo

-do.

-do.

76 percent; complete

recovery in 2 years.

48 percent; complete

recovery in 2 years.

84 percent; complete

recovery in 2 years.

do

92 percent..

96 percent;

kill.

65 percent-.

60 percent-.

9-percent

99 percent in part of

plot; 10 percent in

part.

27 percent; recovery

in 2 years.

53 percent; recovery

in 2 years.

69 percent; 40-peroent

recovery in 2 years.

94 percent; 40-percent

recovery in 2 years.

20 percent.-

9 percent; strong recovery in 2 years.

32 percent; strong

recovery in 2 years.

50 percent

70 percent

11 months, England -

do

-do.

-do3.5 months, England15 months, England1 year, England

Injected into mud, 1 year,

England.

do

11 months, England.

do

11 months, England.

do

15 months, England.

11 months, England -

do

15 months, England -

do

(194)

urn

UH)

(194)

{194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

Tamarix gallica (Saltcedar)

2,4-D.

2,4-D

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D-i-2,4,5-TSilvex, lOE

2 1b3 1b.

Water, 200-400

gal.

Oil, 15-20 gal...

Excellent.

do...

Retreatment necessary,

ground spray.

Aircraft application

Typha spp. (Cattails)

2 p.p.m.

80-100 lb...

5.011b

5 lb. (each).

10 1b

2 lb. (each).

Granules

Diesel oil

Water, 5 gal.

Kerosene, 50 gal.

Diesel oil, 3 gaL.

None to complete.

90 percent

75 percent

80 percent...

SatisfactorySatisfacto^yTreated May 7, checked June

24, pond tests. Ark.

Treated Apr. 30, airplane,

Fla.

Air treatment May 15, June

13, and July 17, checked

Oct. 27, refuge.

Treated Sept. 6, 1957, Fla

Research trials, N.Y

Treated June 29, pond tests,

NE.

(')

(U2)

{121)

{97)

(US)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

O

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Typha spp. (Cattails)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

Dalapon.

20 1b

10 and 5 1b_

10 and 5 Ib20 and 5 lb_

10 and 5 lb_

10 and 5 lb_

10 and 5 1b10 and 5 Ib201b

10 and 5 1b.

20 1b20 1b201b10 and 5 1b.

10 and 5 Ib15 and 20 lb.

201b

20 1b

20 and 5 lb-.

10 and 5 Ib.

20 1b

20 1b

Water, 11 galWater, 8 gal..

-do_

Water, 11 gal_

Water, 8 gaLWater, 11 galWater, 8 gal._

_do-

-do-

-dodo

Water, 5 gal.

Water, 8 gaL

do

-doWater

Water, 11

do--.

_do_

-do_

-do55 percent75 percent60 percentdo

80 percent70 percent80 percent40 percent60 percent90 percent97 percent

do

99 percent; killed in

4 montlis.

65 percent

Treated May 18, 1956, plot 1,

refuge.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 1.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 2, refuge.

Treated May 18 and June 20

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 3, refuge.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 3, refuge.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 4.

Retreated May 23, and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 4.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 5.

Treated May 18, 1956,

checked in*May 1957, plot

6.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 6.

Airplane, Fla

do

75-98 percent.

97-percent top kilL

95-100 percent

97 percent

98 and 60 percent- -

Air treatment June 7, 10

acres, refuge.

Air treatment May 15 and

June 9, checked Oct. 22,

refuge.

Air treatment June 13 and

July 17, checked Oct. 27,

refuge.

Research trials, refuges

Airplane, Fla

.do

Water, 8 gal97 and 70 percent95 and 55 percent98 and 60 percentTreated May 18 and June 20,

airplane, percent of kill

checked in Oct. 1956 and

May 1957.

do

do

do

ms)

m^)

(99)

(99)

ms)

(97)

{99)

(.99)

[SSB)
Dalapon—Continued.

Dalapon+ 2,4-D.

Dalapon+ 2,4,5-T.

Monuron

Amitrole.

10 and5 lb Water,

8 gal

do

do

90—95 percent Treated May 23 and June 18,

airplane, 2d year treatment

on plots.

Treated June 18, airplane

Treated June 18 and July 16,

airplane.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

airplane.

Treated May 18, airplane

Treated May 19, airplane,

N.C.

Treated May 15, sprayed,

Ariz., checked in3 months.

Treated May 23 and June 18,

airplane, N.C.

Treated Aug. 8, sprayed, N.Y._

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 2, refuge.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 5.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, airplane, percent of

kill checked in Oct. 1956

and May 1957.

do.

20 1b 99 percent

.

10 and5 1b do..

10 and5 lb Water, 11 gal

Water,8 gal

Water

97 percent

201b 98 percent.

27 1b 97 percent

.

22 1b do None.

.

10 and5 lb Water,

8 gal

Water ._.. ..

90-95 percent

52.41b 100 percent

_

10 lb.+ 3.34 lb Water, 11 gal.+

diesel oil,5 gal.

do

do

do

Water, 11 gal

Water, 11 gal

do

50 percent

20 1b.+ 3.34 1b 60 percent

10 1b.+ 3.341b

20 1b.+ 3.341b

85 and 50 percent

90 and 60 percent

20 1b.+ 3.341b 90 percent. 1st treatment May 18, airplane; 2d treatment June

20.

Water less than 10 inches

deep, airplane, Fla.

Airplane, Fla

lOlb.+l lb 50-70 percent

20 1b.+l lb 80-95 percent

_

151b Unsatisfactory

90-100 percent

Research trialsN TT

5 1b Water, 200-400

gal.

Water, 200 gal

lI--IdoII"I"""I]I

5 1b 100 percent Not reDIíGated 3 1b

21b

do

do

do

do

3 and2 lb Water,

8 gal

do

85 percent Air treatment, June 13 and

July 17, checked Got. 27,

refuge.

Air treatment, June 13,

checked Oct. 27, refuge.

5 1b 80 percent

10 1b Water, 16 gal

Wateî,5 gal

Water...

95 percent

61b 85 percent Air treatment, July 17, 1957,

checked in Oct. 1957,

refuge.

Research trials, flooded,F&

WS, Del.

Treated June 22, Calif

Treated Aug. 17 and Aug. 25,

sprayed, Ariz.

Treated Aug. 13, airplane,

Minn.

5 1b Satisfactory

201b do Whitened leaves

16 and 24 lb Water

+ oil 40 percent^

.

Water,6 lb.+

ACP-M-357

and. ACP-M358 detergents.

41b 100-percent top kill

(99)a

{99)g

{97)a

{^11)o

{Ml)I

{211)^

{211)

{242)

{97)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.
TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

to

Typha spp. (Cattails)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

.

2 1b. + 5 1b

3 lb.+ 5 lb

Water, 200-400

gal.

do

90-100 percent

.. do --- -

Flowering through fruiting,

ratings made at 12 and 14

months, N.Y., Del., Md.,

N.C.

do

(ell)

Amitrole+ dalapon

{211)

2Ib. +5 1b

120 1b

61b

Water, 5-8 gal

Water, 200 gal

Water __ _-

Satisfactory Research trials, flooded, F

& WS.

Treated June 11, 1958, Fla

Treated Aug., sprayed, Minn.,

control varied with soil

density.

Treated Sept. 6, 1957, Fla

Treated Sept. 10, 1957, Fla.__

(97)

AMS X

»• 80 percent - . _. {121)

2 3 6 TBA Fair to complete

95 percent _

{226)

1f 511b

16 lb

Water, 85 gal

Water 100 ffal

{121) Dowpon do {121)

Typha angustifoUa (Cattail)

2,4-D, amine salt2,4-D, esters

2,4-D, EE.

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, sodium.

3 to 6 lb,

3 to 6 lb.

6 1b

4.23 lb.

4.23 lb.

4.23 lb.

2 1b

108.1 lb.

96.6 lb...

59 1b

33.9 1b...

25.3 1b...

15.41b...

9.2 1b....

7.51b.-..

6.11b....

3.9 lb....

3.3 1b...

2.7 lb....

6 to 8 lb.

13.71b.-

12.6 lb.

Water.

Water.

Water, 350 gal.

do

do

Ineffective,

doIneffective over long

period.

50-percent kill

80-percent kill.

85-percent kill 5

months after treatment started.

80-percent; less than

20-percent regrowth

2d year.

100 percent

-do-

.do.

-do-

-do.

.do.

.do.

do

do

95 percent

90 percent

85 percent

Complete kill.

50 percent

Irrigation canals,

do

.do.

Growing in water, resprayed

in 5 weeks.

Growing above waterline, resprayed in 5 weeks.

40 percentNot in water continuously

Greenhouse tests, % applied

1st application, checked in

6 weeks after 2d application.

do

do

dodo

do

do

do...

do

do

do

do ..

Irrigation channels

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

do

{168)

{IBS)

{157)

{157)

{157)

{167)

(157)

(181) S

(181)

{181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(180)

(181)

(181)
2,4-D, ester+diesel fueL

2,4-D, TCA

2,4-D, amine+AMS2,4-D, amine+TCA.

2,4-D +AMS

2,4-D, sodium-FAMS2,4-D, sodium-t-TCA _

2,4,5-T, esters

2,4,5-T

TCA.

DalapouDalapon-1-2,4-D.

Dalapon-|- amitrole.

MH

Amitrole.

750 p.p.m. _

1,125 p.p.m.

3to61b.+ 10g

4 Ib.-I-10 gal...

6 Ib.-I-10 gal...

8 Ib.-I-10 gal...

12 Ib.-fio gal..

4 Ib. 4-10 gal...

6 1b.-l-10gal_._

8 Ib.-fio gal...

12 Ib.-fio gal-,

1.5 and 10 Ib..

3 to 6 lb.-f 20 to

40 lb.

3 to 6 lb.-f 20 to

40 1b.

1.8 lb.-f 320 lb..

2 1b.-f40 1b

3 to 6 lb. 4-20 to

40 1b.

3 to6 1b. + 20to

40 1b.

3 to 6 1b

109 lb.

163 1b

5 lb. (each).

20 1b

20 and 5 lb.

10 and 5 lb.

20 1b

10 and 5 lb...

20 1b

10 and 3.34 lb.

20 and 3.34 lb.

5 1b.-f5 1b

65.4 1b

5 lb...

15 lb..

2.7 lb.

81b..

16 1b.

20 1b.

Water, 190 gal..

do

do

do..

....do..

....do._

....do-.

-do.

.do.

Water, 100 gal. -f

W/S.

Water-f wetter

sticker.

do

Water, 80 gal_

Water-f wetter

sticker.

do

Water.

Water

Water, 11 gal.

Water, 11 gal.+

diesel oil, 11 gal.

.do.

Water, 8 gal.

do

.do.

Water, 11 gal.-f

diesel oil, 5 gal.

do

Water

Water..

do.

do.

Excellent..

Very good,

.do.

Excellent

do

Fair to good.

do

do

do

80-90 percent.

Fair to good-.

.do.

Resisted

70 percent; 30-percent

regrowth 2d year.

Fair to good

.doIneffective.

do

.do.

Ineffective over long

period.

do...

85 percent

95 and 55 percent.

98 and 60 percent.

97 and 70 percent .

98 and 60 percent.

80-85 percent

95 percent

85 and 50 percent.

Irrigation canals.

do

do

-do.

.do-

-dodododo2 applications per yearIrrigation canals

-do-

-do_

Not in water continuouslyIrrigation canals

do

-doHeavy stands in irrigation

ditches.

do

Irrigation channels

-do2 applications, 2 weeks apart.

1 application in summer,

checked in fall and spring.

2 applications, 1 month apart,

checked in fall and spring.

do

90 and 60 percent95 percent

None

-do-

-do_

_do75 percent

95 percent

Stunting only.

Poor

Good..

do.

1 application, checked in fall

and spring.

Air treatment in May and

June, 81 acres, refuge.

Air treatment in June, 23

acres, refuge.

2 applications, 1 month apart,

checked in fall and spring,

2,4-D last.

do

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

Treated in Aug., sprayed,

Minn.

do

do

do

{1B8)

{168)

[168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

(168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

{157)

{157)

{168)

{158)

{168) ¡>

{167) O

{167) %

{167) ñ

{ijii w

{ell)

(99)

{99)

{99)

{99)

{98)

{98)

{99)

{99)

{211)

{181)

{mi)

{ni)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

in

M

Oh-t O

H

ö

I

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

i4^

Typha angustifoUa (Cattail)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

AMS+fenuron. _ _ _. 120 lb.+ 10 lb

218 1b

Water 10 percent. _ (ell)

ATCA _ 50 percent

25 percent

Based on regrowth following

year.

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

(157)

PCP 712 gal (181)

Typha domingensis (Cattail)

2,4-D, ester.

2,4-D +wetting agent.

2,4-D.

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D+ dalapon_

Dalapon.

3.3 lb.

4 1b...

12 1b.

4 1b..

12 1b.

4 1b-.

4 1b

4 lb. (each).

51b

5 1b.-

15 1b.

5 lb. (each)..

3.34 Ib.-I-7.4

20 1b

10 and 5 1b-.

20 1b

20 1b

20 1b

lb.

20 1b20 1b20 1b20 and 5 lb.

20 1b

Water

Water-1-VI^600

5%-25%.

do

Water-I-Tergitol

1.5%-7.5%.

do.

Water-|-Tween20 7.5%.

Water

Diesel oil, 5 galDiesel oil, 5 gal.

do.

Diesel oil, 3 gal.

(each).

Water

Water, 8 gal.

do

do

Water, 11 gal.

do

Water, 8 gal..

Water, 5 gal..

Water, 11 gal-

-do.

.do99 percent

80-90 percent.

5-80 percent.

100 percent..

do

-do.

100 percent ; no regrowth in 3 months.

99 percent; no regrowth in 6 months.

90 percent

90 percent.

80 percent.

90 percent

90 percent

99 percent

80-85 percent.-

95 percent

95-100 percent.

75 percent

Marsh tests, sprayed on plots.

Least kill with 25 percent

VL-600.

Marsh tests, sprayed on plots.

-do.

.do.

97 percentdo-.-

95 percent--

98 percent-.

100 percentTreated May 21

Treated June 11 and June 24,

Treated May 11, June 7,

July 11, and Aug. 7,

Treated in May and June

Air treatment, Apr., May,

and July, 97 acres, refuge.

3 applications, airplane, Ga.,

surface water present.

Treated June 17, sprayed,

Ga., surface water present.

Air treatment, Apr., 7 acres,

refuge.

Air treatment, May and June,

81 acres, refuge.

Air treatment, June, 23 acres,

refuge.

Treated Apr. 5, airplane,

some water coverage.

Treated Apr. 30, airplane,

surface water on areas.

do

do

jTreated May 18, airplane,

shallow surface water.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

airplane.

Airplane treatment

(174)

(M4)

m4)

{98)

{98)

{98)

(98)

{99)
Dalapon+ 2,4,5-TDalapon+2,4-D..

MH_

MH +2,4-D.

2,3,6 TBA.

Amitrole.

2,4-D

2,4-D, ester-.

2,4-D, ainine_

2,4-D, Dowanol ester.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

fl percent.

11 percent.

lOlb.-f-l qt.

lOlb.-t-l qt

201b.-M qt

20 lb.-1-1 qt

10 lb.-I-3.34 lb

51b

10 1b

201b

301b

2.5 lb.-f 12 lb

Water, 11 gal_

do

do

do

Water, 11 gnl

5 1b.-|-12 1b_.

10 lb.-1-12 lb.

20 lb.-f 12 lb.

20 1b.-|-4 1b_

5 1b.-|-41b_-

10 lb.-F 4 lb.

20 lb. 4-4 lb.

30 lb.-1-4 lb.

3 1b

9 1b..

15 1b.

Water..

do.

do.

do.

Water. _

50-55 percent.

65-70 percent.

80-95 ipercent.

90-95 percent.

85 percent

.do.

-do.

.do.

.do-

-dodo...

do...

do...

Diesel oil.

.do.

.do.

95-percent top kill

97-percent top kill

99-percent top kill

do

Complete; 10-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

Complete; 2-peroent

regrowth in 3

months.

Complete; 2.5-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

Complete; 1-peroent

regrowth in 3

months.

99 percent; 5-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

99 percent; no growth

in 6 months.

do

--.do

do

10 percent; contact

kill.

30 percent; contact

kill.

80 percent; contact

kill.

Treated Apr. 5, airplane,

some water coverage.

do

do

do

Dalapon applied May 18,

2,4-D applied June 20, airplane.

Marsh tests, spraying on plots.

do

do

do

MH apphed Mar. 20, 2,4-D,

Apr. 5.

MH apphed Mar. 30, 2,4-D,

Apr. 5.

do

.do.

MH applied May 21, 2,4-D,

June 4.

MH applied June 11, 2,4-D,

June 24.

do

-do-

. doTreated May 5, plots under

water.

do

.do.

Typha glauca (Cattail)

81b.

2.7 lb.

16 lb..

20 lb..

Water.

.do-

-do.

.do.

Poor.

Stunting only.

Good

do

Treated in Aug., sprayed,

Minn.

do

.do-

.do.

Typha latifolia (Cattail)

1.4 1b

41b

4 lb. (each).

20 1b

20 1b

Water, 2 gal..

Water, 50 gal.

Water, 50 gal.

(each).

Diesel fuel

Kerosene

40 percent

30 percent

30-40 percent.

90-95 percent.

do

Treated June 27, airplane

Treated Aug. 11, spray

Treated July 11 and Aug 10,

spray.

Pond tests

do

mi)

{241)

(.HI)

mi)

(HI)

(HI)

(')

(')

w

Ö

o

Oi
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

OÏ

Ty-pha latifolia (Cattail)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D

2,4-D (20 percent P)_

2,4-D, ester

2,4-D

2,4-D, BEE

2,4-D, BE_.

2,4-D, ME_

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, sodium salt

2,4-D, Nasalt-^TCA...

2,4-D, nonvolatile Dow.

2,4-D-f2,4,5-T

0.5 percent-

(0.2-0.4 percent.

0.25 percent.

1 percent

1 percent

.1 percent

0.5 percent.

0.5 percent.

0.5 percent.

1 percent...

1 percent...

0.6 percent.

0.6 percent.

100 lb...

15.6 lb_.

1 lb

6 to 8 lb. (each).

10 1b

10 1b

3 1b

108 1b

84.1 lb

55.7 1b

46.81b

41.5 1b

27.3 1b

12 1b

9.2 1b

7.5 1b

71b

6.3 1b

3.4 1b

1.4 1b

9 to 12 lb...

5 lb. (each).

8 to 16 lb...

8 to 16 Ib6 to 12 lb.

4 to 8 lb..

17.5 1b..-

13.11b

3 1b

1.2 1b. + 10 1b_

10 1b.

10 1b

2 lb. + 2 lbOil.

Diesel oil, 9.3 ]

Kerosene, 25 g

Diesel fuel

Water.

Diesel fuel.

Water

Diesel fuel.

Kerosene.-

Kerosene.-

Water

Diesel fuel, 5

(each).

Water-t-.2%

dynawet.

Water-f.5%

Roccal.

Diesel fuel

do

Water.

Water.,

2 lb.-I-2 lbDiesel fuel

Kerosene

Water, 60-80 ;

do

Retarded

80-100 percentGood

do

-dodo

do

98 percentdoFair to good100 percent..

do

95 percent..

100 percent.

do

do

do

85 percent..

90 percent-.

95 percent..

85 percent-.

80 percent--

75 percent..

100 percent.

80 percent- .

Good top kill.

.do.

Good

90-100 percent.

40 percent

60 percent.

Resistant-,

Good

100 percent.

do

None

Ponds; recommended rate

Pond tests

Airplane application

2 quarts tributyl phosphate..

2 sprayings, 5-6 weeks apart,

ground spray.

Pond tests (slow acting)

Pond testsdo

do

do

Lake tests, TVA

Greenhouse tests, % at first

application, checked 6 weeks

after 2d application.

do

.do.

-do.

.do-

-do-

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

Irrigation channels

Air treatment, Apr., May,

and July, 97 acres, refuge.

Pond tests

.do-

.do.

.do.

100 percentGreenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application,

do.

Lake tests, TVA

1 quart sulfonate enaulsifier,

ground spray.

Pond tests

do

Spray application, 2 ponds,

field tests, Ga.

do

(SSê)

(.197)

(174)

(174)

(174) >

(104) S

Q

C) ^

(149) ^

(') 9

(') w

(147)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(.181)

(.180)

{98)

(?)

{')

(^)

{êlO)

(181)

(181)

(147)

(174)

P) h

{$36)
2,4-D+2,4,5-T+dalpon+Tide

2,4-D, PGBEE2,4-D, TBP.. ,

2,4-D, TEA-.

2,4,5-T, ester_

2,4,5-T_

Silvex

TCA .._.

TCA+2,4-D, IPE-...

TCA + 2,4-D, Nasalt.

TCA-F 2,4,5-T

TCA-I-AMS

TCA-1-süvex

Dalapon^

5 percent.

0.6 percent..,

0.3 percent.

1 percent.._

1 percent...

0.6 percent..

l.p.p.m..

5 percent.

5 percent-|-

0.5 percent.

5 percent+ 1

percent.

5 percent-h

0.5 percent.

5 percent-|-5

percent.

1.4 percent.

2.0 percent.

1.51b.-|-7.5 1b.-f3 lb.

1.5 lb.-M5 Ib.-f3 1b.

31b.-|-15 1b.-|-3 1b.

4.8 1b

3 1b.

4 1b10 lb.

10 1b.

1 lb..

2 1b..

3 1b-.

41b__

1681b

1681b. + 10 1b-..

1681b.-l-33.6 1b.

168 1b. -1-10 lb..

168 lb. 4-160 lbWater, 80 galdo

do.....

Diesel fuelKerosene..

Water

Water, 60-80 gal.,

Water+.2% Tide.

Diesel fuel

Kerosene

Water, 100 gal

do

do

Water, 60-80 gal..

100 percent; killed less

than 30 days in fall.

100 percent

Water, 200 gal.-f

1% Tide.

do

10 1b.-l-20.81b..

4Ib

16 1b8 1b..

10 and 5 lb.

2 1b..

10 1b

10 1b

20 to 25 lb.

10 to 20 lb.

6.8 1b

13.6 1b

20.41b

20 1b

10 1b

.do.

.do-

.do.

do

90-100 percent

Killed; appeared dead

in 10 days.

Resistant

95 percent

Good

100 percent.

98 percent-.

None

60 percent..

50 percent-.

100 percent.

Poor

Poor to fair.

Water

Dieselfuel-fwater,

4-80 gal.

Water, 80 gal

.do.

Water,8 gal. (each).

Water

Water, 4 gal

.doWater, 100 gal.

Water, 10 gal-.

Water, 100 gal.

do

doWater-.

do

dodoVery effectiveEffective

Very efifeotivePoor to fair--.

98 percent-.

100 percent.

-do.

-do.

80-85 percent90 percent65 percentSee footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

Satisfactory

None

60 percent

100 percent

90-99 percentPartial

EfiFective

do

Spray application, 2 ponds,

field tests, Ga.

Spray application, field tests,

Ga.

do

Pond tests

Lake tests, TVA

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests

do ;

do

Ditch tests,

do

15 months.

-doSpray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests, N.J., 3-4 weeks...

Pond tests

-do-

.do-

-do-

-do-

-doSpray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do

-doAir treatment May and June,

81 acres, refuge.

Ponds in Israel; recommended

rate.

Aerial application, growing in

less than 8 inches water,

Mich,

do

Suggested for general useAerial application

Ditch tests, 15 months

do

-doPond tests, 8 months

do

Dewatered area of pond.

do

(236)

[210) im)

(U7)

[m)

{m)

{14S)

(US)

(145)

P)

P)

(êlO)

(98)

(201)

(152)

(152)

(169)

(145)

(145)

(U5)

(210)

(210)

(')

P)

i

o

Ö

Ö

í>

•<t
TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Typha lalifolia (Cattail)—Continued

Herbicide

Dalapon+2,4,5-T_

Monuron.

Diuron.

MH.__

Amitrole.

Amitrole + dalapon.

Amitrole + erbon—

Erbon.

AMS.

AMS+TCA_

Chlorox

Copper sulfate.

Concentration

('S p.p.m..

10 p.p.m_

2.5 p.p.m_

1.2 percent.

'2 p.p.m.

.2 p.p.m.

Rate per acre '

6.8 lb.+ 1 Ib6.8 lb.+ 2 lb..

6.8 lb.+ 3 lb..

13.6 lb. + lib.

13.6 1b. + 2 1b.

13.6 lb. + 3 lb.

20.4 lb.+ 1 lb.

20.4 lb.+ 2 lb.

20.4 lb.+ 3 lb _

50 )b.

100 Ib-

"8Ôr4"ibI

10 1b.

10 lb.

6 1b

10 to 12 lb.

5 1b

5 1b

15 to 20 lb.

10 to 201b

12 1b

4 to 8 lb

20 lb. (each)

5 1b

Sib101b. + 20 1b....

3.41b. + 20.8 1b..

8 1b

10.41b

10 to 15 lb.

10 to 15 1b.

10 to 15 lb.

150 to 300 lb.

400 1b

10 1b. + 10 1b.

400 1b

Carrier

Water, 100 gal.

do

.do.

.do-

.do.

_do-

.do.

.do-

.do.

Water, 300 gal.

Water

Water, 320 gal.

Water

Water, 100 gal

do

Water

.do-

.dodo

do

do

Water, 100 gal.

Water

do

Water, 60-80 gal_

Diesel fuel,

-do

Water

Water + 0.1 percent dynawet.

Water + detergent.

Water + Vatsol OS

Water, 200 gal

Control or response

90 percent..

do

80 percent.-

100 percent,

do

.do-

-do.

.do.

doKilled-.

do50 percent in 22 days;

80 percentin 4months.

do

Injured

20 percent

100 percentEradicated.

Complete

39-peroent kill

Eflfective

97 percent

Complete J80-peroent top growth.

Remarks Reference

Ditoh'tests, 15 monthsdo

do

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do.

-doPond tests, Oreg.

do

Pond tests, N.J..

do

Pond tests, Oreg

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

Suggested for general use

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Pond tests

Pond tests; recommended

rate.

Ditchbank tests

Recommended rate

Pond tests; rate required for

control.

do

.do.

.do.

96 percent.

None

90 percent-.

Partial kill-.

Poor kiU...

Killed tops.

Killed tops; plants

recovered.

Partial kill

Unsatisfactory

Complete kill

Unaffected

do

2 applications, pond testsMarsh tests

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Pond tests

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests

do - - -

-do-

- doPond tests.

do

Pond tests

Pond tests, N.J.

Hard water.

00

{US

ms

(109

{109

{159

{159

{109

{181

{169

{210

(91

(94

(96

(93

(96

(113

(127

(136

(138 du

{174

(94

(210

(210)

{')

{')

{')

(103)

(103)

(')

(159)

(230)

{^34)
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

TABLE 2.-—Effects oj copper sulfate on certain aquatic organisms

19

Organism Concentration Rate per

acre

Control Remarks Reference

Schizomycetes:

Beggiatoa

P.p.m.

5

5

.2

.2

0. 33-0. 5

.4

.4

. 18

.24

2

2

Pounds

41. 5

....

2."8-r2~

3.3

3.3

1.5

2.

16.6

16.6

Good

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

KiUed

In ponds or lakes

do

do

do

do

do

do

(146)

(238)

(146)

(238)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

Beggiatoa ._

Cladothrix

Cladothrix

Crenothrix^ .. _ ..

Sphaerotilis natans

Fungus:

Leptomitus- .. ..

Saprolegnia

Rotifers: Stentor

Crustacea:

CvclODS - do

do

do

Daphnia do

Effects of Aquatic Herbicides on Various Algae

TABLE 3.-—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various plankton algae

Species of algae

Toxicity of each species for

CuSOi-SHjO 2,3-DNQ DAC RADA RADS ZDD

Reference

BLUE-GREEN ALGAE:

Calothrix braunii

Cylindrospermum licheniforme

MicTocystic aeruginosa

Nosloc museorum

Phormidium tenue

Plectonema nostocorum

Symploea erecta

GREEN ALGAE:

Ankislrodesmus falcatus

A. falcatus (a)

Chlamydomonas communis

C. paradoxa

Chlorella variegala

Chlorococcum botryaides

C. humicola

Coccomyxa simplex

Coelastrum proboscideum

Gloeocysiis grenillei

Mesotaenium caldoriorum

Oocystis lacustris

0. marsonii

Scenedesmus brasilensis

S. obliquus

Sphaerella lacustris

Stigeoclonium nanum

DIATOMS:

Achnanthes linearis (strain 1).

A. linearis (stain 2)

Gomphonema parvulum

Nitzschia palea (strain 1)

N. palea (strain 2)

N. palea (strain 3)

P.p.m.

8

1

.25

5

.25

. 5

2

. 5

. 5

2

2

16

.5

.25

.25

1

. 5

P.p.m.

8

8

25

.5

25

32 H8

2

1

4

32-1-

8

32

32

4

4

32

32-f

324-

32 4-

16

8

2

1

1

1

1

P.p.m.

1

1

. 5

. 5

. 125

4

1

.25

. 5

. 5

2

2

2

1

. 5

.25

.25

.5

.5

.25

.25

. 5

.5

. 5

. 5

.25

.25

1

P.p.m.

0.5

. 5

. 125

.25

.25

1

.25

4

2

. 125

.5

1

1

1

1

.032

.25

. 125

. 125

.25

. 125

.25

.25

P.p.m.

1

. 5

.25

.5

.25

2

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

16

2

.25

.25

.25

.5

25

. 125

5

. 125

. 125

. 125

5

P.p.m.

0. 5

016

002

5

25

032

.25

.25

. 125

4

. 5

.5

.25

1

1

1

1

. 125

. 125

.063

.063

. 016

. 125

.032

.016

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

{173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)

(173)
20 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 4.—Ejffects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae

Chara spp.

Chemical

Silvex, PGBEE.

Silvex, PGBEE+dalapon

Silvex acid in acetone or ethanoL

Endothal, granules

2,4-D, lOE (granules).

2,4-D acid in acetone..

Concentration

2,4-D acid in ethanol.

2,4-D, Nasalt

2,4-D, granules

2,4-D, TEA

2,4-D, TBP.

2,4-D_..

2,4,5-T.

P.p.m.^

2

5

1.6

1.2

0.33 +0.33

5

5

15

10

Sodium arsenite.

AMSIPC_.

MCPA.

Copper sulfate.

Delrad.

Delrad 70.

Delrad 50.

Simazine (granules).

DicUone

Aromatic solvents...

Ammonium thiocyanate.

Erbon

10

100

3

3

5

16

4

100

10

10

10

0. 1-1. 0

1.5

0. 7-1. 0

0. 1-0. 5

0. 2-5

1.5-2

0. 2-0. 4

.75

1

1

. 5

1.4

.5

. 1

300

100

3.9

Rate per

acre '

Control or response

30 lb

10,20,401b.

30 1b

40to861b_.

81b-.

ÍÓ'lb".

Retarded growth.

Greatly reduced

growth.

None

Checked growth..

100 percent

None; stimulated

growth.

None

do

do

do

.do.

None; stimulated

growth

do

-do.

.do-

-do-

-doRemarks

Pond tests, 6 weeks--.

Pond tests, 6 monthsPond tests, N.Y..

do

Pond tests, Ga

Plastic pools, AlaTests, 111

Pond tests, AlaPond tests, La

Pond test, Fla

Pond tests, Ga—

Plastic pools, Alado

Pond testsdo

6 to 10 Ibdo

Poor

None

loo percentNone

do

do

No kill

None

Arrested growth, no

kill.

None

GoodkiU

KüleddoTo killdodo

Fair to good kill30 percent

35 percent

Satisfactory

do

do

20 percent

10 percent

Very susceptiblo100 percentSatisfactoryAquarium tests

Sprayed over dried pond

bottom.

Aquarium test

Greenhouse test, 20 days.

Pond test

Pond tests, Ga

Concentration as AS2O3;

pond test,

do.

Pond tests

Greenhouse testAquarium tests—

do

-doAquarium and pond

tests.

Pond tests

doIn ponds or lakesIn hard water

Pond tests

Pond tests, N.Y—

doSuggested for trial use

Research trials, drag, N.J,

Research trials, spray,

N.J.

Pond tests, NE., N.C--

Pond tests, N.Y

do.

Irrigation channels, 30-

minute contact.

Greenhouse test, 18 daysResearch trials, spray,

N.J.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31,
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

TABLE 4.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

21

Cladophora spp.

Chemical Concentration

Rate per

acre '

Control or response Remarks Reference

f 0.5

.5

.5

1

1

1

1

1.5

2

.5

5

10

20

40

I 80

3

{ 4-5

4

.5

5

10

20

40

I 80

/ .33

I .5

1

10

20

5

50

100

200

400

400

/ - - -

Fair to good kül

me)

{133)

{238)

{177)

{133)

{205)

{230)

{^31^)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{133)

{230)

Good In ponds

50 percent.. Pond test, N.Y

Recommended rate for

control in ponds or

lakes,

do—.

60 percent .. . Pond tests, N.Y

Reduced to killed

do

do

Hard-water ponds

do

. - do

Copper sulfate.- . .

None. ... 30-minute contact, 6-

week beaker tests (carrier—water).

'.'.'.'.'.do'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.

do

do

do

do

do

do

- do

Fermate..- ... .. . .. ... _ 80-percent kill.

Killed .

Pond tests, N Y

Pond tests

97-100 percent

None _

Pond tests, N.Y {133)

30-minute contact, 6-

week beaker tests (carrier—water).

'.'...'.do'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'...'..'.'.'.'.

.'.".do '.'."".'.'".'.'.'.'

{181)

Sodium arsenite.- do

"IIIdoI^^II"^I-I-I

do . .

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

Delrad .

50 percent Pond tests, N.Y {133)

None do . .. {133)

No kill _ 30-minute contact

'..' ..do'.'.'..'..'.......'.'.'.

{102)

do

do

{102)

{102)

None 30-minute contact, 6-

n eek beaker tests

(carrier—water).

do

i'.'.'.'.do'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.

Pond-edge tests. Mo

Pond tests . _

{181)

Endothal ...

10 to 201b._

"IIIdoIII"III-II"

KiUed

{181)

{181)

(181)

{181)

{181)

{135) SimaziTift I 1. 5-3

5

50

100

200

400

I 800

5

50

100

200

400

I 800

do

100 percent

{135)

30-minute contact, 6-

week beaker tests

(carrier—water).

Ido '.'."-

{181)

Kerosene . .

do

do

do

do

{isi)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

100 percent .. 30-minute contact, 6-

week beaker tests,

(carrier—^water).

'.'.'.'.'.do'.'.'.~-~.'.'.~.~.'-'.'.'.""

{181)

do

do

ly/ido''."11".-I"

do

USD

081)

{181)

{181)

{181)

See footnotes at>ncl>f table, p. 31.
22 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGKICULTUEE

TABLE 4.—Efects oj certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

Cladophora spp.—Continued

Chemical

Dicblorobenzene.

Triohlorobenzene_

Rosin amine D acetate _

Monuron (CMU).

Concentration

P.p.m.^

5

50

100

200

400

800

5

50

100

200

400

800

5

50

100

200

400

800

5

50

100

200

400

800

Rate per

acre '

Control or response

100 percent.

-do.

.do.

-do.

do

do

100 percent.

.do.

-do.

.do.

do.

do.

None.-

.do.

.do_

do.

do.

do.

None.-

.do.

-do.

-do.

.do-

-doRemarks Reference

30-minute contact, 6-

week beaker tests,

(carrier—water).

do

.do-

.do.

.do-

.do30-minute contact, 6-

week beaker tests,

(carrier—water).

do

.do.

-do.

.do.

.do.

30-minute contact, 6-

week beaker tests,

(carrier—water).

do

.do.

-do.

.dodo

30-minute contact, 6

week beaker tests,

(carrier—^water).

do

.do.

.do.

.do-

-do.

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

Compsopogon sp.

Delrad.

Satisfactory. Irrigation canals, 15- (^)

minute contact.

Irrigation canals, 20- (')

minute contact; recommended rate.

Hydrodictyon spp.

Copper sulfate.

Delrad0. 1

33

1

0. 1-0.

2

1

2

06

5

1

0. 2-0

1

4

25

33

5

75

0. 4-0 5

0. 3-0. 4

To kill.

Good. _

To kill

do

Partial kUl

30 percent in 5 days;

12 percent in 20

days.

70 percent

50 percent

Good

Poor to good kill

40-50 percent

60 percent

90-95 percent

100 percent

15 percent

Ineffective

Partial.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.

In ponds or lakes

5 daily applications,

pond tests.

In ponds or lakes

do

Pond tests

In lakes

Pond tests, N.Y..

do

In ponds or lakesPond tests

Pond tests, N.Y..

do

.do-

.doFloat in ponds, N. Y

Pond tests, Ala., 75° F.

or more, repeated applications.

Pond tests, Ala., 65° P.,

repeated applications.

(177)

(183)

(UU)

(205)

(SSO)

(ISS)

(ISS)

(146)

(')

(ISS)

(ISS)

(ISS)

(ÍSS)

(ISS)

(209)
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

TABLE 4.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

23

Hydrodictyon spp —Continued

Chemical Concentration

Rate per

acre

Control or response Remarks Reference

P.p.m.^

Í 0. 1-0. 15

5

2.5

2-4

8

4

4

8

Good. _ Pond tests {182)

(184)

(,êso)

{')

( 2)

Dichlone_- No effect Ricefields and laboratory.

Pond tests

Pond tests, plants actively growing.

Pond tests, plants not

growing.

Pond tests, N.Y

Killed

Fair to good kill

Poor kill

97-100 percent

Partial

do - -

Sodium arsenite _ . ._ (ISS)

(209)

(209)

Pond tests, Ala., 2 applications, 1-2 weeks

apart.

Pond tests, Ala., 1 application.

Applied on surface scum,

Ala.

2,4-D, lOE (granules) 43. 5 lb None (211)

Microcystis aeruginosa

o-aminophenol

p-aminophenol

I)-aminoplienol- HCl

p-methylaminophenol sulfate

2,4-diaminoplienol- diH01

Hydroquinone diacetate

Hydroxylamine- HCl

Hydroxylammonium benzoate

Hydroxylammonium chloride

Hydroxylammonium phosphate __

Hydroxylammonium sulfate

Propionhydroxamic acid

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

p-nitrophenylhydrazine

p-nitrophenylhydrazine- HCl

Acetyl phenylhydrazine

Phenylhydrazine- HCl

p-aminodimethylaniline

p-aminodimethylaniline- HCl

Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine

Benzidine

o-phenanthroline

Malachite green

Méthylène blue

Methyl green

Crystal violet

1,4-anthraquinone (Quinizarin)...

o-aminophenol-p-sulfonic acid

Aminophenolmethyl ether (panisidine).

Hydroquinone monomethyl ether.

Aminohydroquinone dimethyl

ether.

2-aminoresorcinol- HCl

m-aminophenol

m-phenylenediamine- di HCl

l-isopropyl-2-nonyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline.

l-isopropyl-2-(8-heptadecenyl)-

4,4-dimethyl(-2-imidazoline).

l-isopropyl-2-undecyl-4,4-

dimethyl-2-imidazoline.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.

2

1

1

2

1

5

10

2

2

2

10

10

1

20

10

2

2

1

4

20

10

2

20 mg./l,

20 mg./l,

20 mg./l.

20 mg.A.

20 mg./l

20 mg./I

20 mg./l

20 mg./l

2

1

2

100 percent.

do

do

-do.

.do.

.do.

50 percent..

100 percent.

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

100 percent.

50 percent..

100 percent.

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

100 percent.

50 percent..

100 percent.

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

Not toxic.

do...

do...

.do.

.do.

do

do

do

100 percent.

.do.

.do.

Screening tests.

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

.do.

Screening tests.

do

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do-

.do-

-do.

-do.

-do-

-do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

(1S4)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(1S4)

(134)

(1S4)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)
24 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DBPT. OP AGRICULTURE

TABLE 4.—Efects oj certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

Microcystis aeruginosa—Continued

Chemical

Imidazoline from N(2-aminoisobutyl)-isopropylamine and

linseed oil.

1- (2-ethylliexyl)-2-undecyl1,4,5,6-tetra-hydropyrimidine.

3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-imidazolinethione.

Cetylpyridinium bromide

Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.

2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride.

2,4-dichlorobenzylnicotinium

chloride.

Acriflavin

Quaternary ammonim salts

Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (chloronil).

Tetrahydroxyquinone (disodium

salt).

2,5-diphenyl-p-quinone

p-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene

1,2-acenaphtenequinone

Potassium cyanide

Methylamine-HCl

Phenylthiourea

Aniline

m-dinitrobenzene

8-hydroxyquinone

a-naphthol

/3-naphthol

Atabrine

a-benzene hexachloride

Trinitrotoluene

Aquasan (colloidal silver)

Copper sulfate

2,4-D

Indole-3-acetic acid

a-naphthaleneaoetic acid

Quinone

Hydroquinone

Quinhydrone

Catechol

3,6-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone.

Tetrachlorohydroquinone

1,4-naphthoquinone

2-methyl-naphthoquinone

2-dimethylamino-3-chloronaphthoquinone.

Quinone chlorimide

2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone

Phenanthraquinone

Concentration

2

2

10

2

2

2.5

5

1

2

20 mg./l.

20 mg./l.

20 mg./l.

20 mg.A20 mg./l.

20

20

20

20

5

5

10

20

1

16 percent

saturated

8

.75

.2

250

20 mg./l.

20 mg.A.

.5

. 5

. 5

5

16 percent

saturated

21 percent

saturated

1 percent

saturated

1 percent

saturated

1 percent

saturated

. 5

2 mg./l.

80 mg./l.

Rate per Control or response

100 percent.

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do-

.do_

.dodo___

Not toxic.

_do-

.do.

.do_

do

90 percent

100 percent.

50 percent..

do

do

100 percent.

do

do

do

50 percent.

100 percent.

do

_-_.do_..

Resistant.

do-.

do

100 percent.

do

do

do

75 percent.

100 percent.

do

-do.

.do.

do

do

95 percentNiiella spp.

Copper sulfate- 0.1-0.18

.1

Remarks

Screening tests-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do.

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

.do-

.do.

-do-

-do-

.do.

.do.

.do-

.do-

.do.

.do-

-do.

.do.

.do-

-do-

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

.do-

-do-

-do-

.do-

-doKilledTo kill.

Lake tests, N.Y_

In lakes

See footnotes at end oí table, p. 31.
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

TABLE 4.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

Oedogonium spp.

25

Chemical Concentration

Rate per

acre '

Control or response Remarks Reference

Delrad __ ..

P.p.mA

0. 2-0. 3

0. 1-0. 2

Onnd kill (')

Roccal - do At water temperatures

less than 70° F.

Research trials, N.J

(A

Dichlone 8 oz./6,000

sq. ft.

(97)

{230)

(2)

Sodium arsenite.- 405

r .5-1

1 1.5

KiEed . ._

Copper sulfate do Soft water ponds

Partial kill Hard water ponds (234)

Pithophora spp.

2

5

1.5-3

Í 5

12

.25

Fair to good; plants

dying within 6

weeks.

90-100 percent; no

regrowth within 6

months.

Killed

Pond tests__ (')

Silvex, PGBEE . . .

r____do

Pond tests _

(2)

SiTYifl.^ine (136)

Retarded growth

Killed or retarded

growth.

None Pond tests_ _

(')

Borascu- _____ i^)

(=)

4 1b do __ __ __ - 2 treatments 2 weeks

apart on confined plots

in ponds (carrier—

water).

Pond test- __ _

{^)

2,4-D, Na salt. _ __. .

2.5 (')

4 1b _, _ do _ 2 treatments 2 weeks

apart on confined plots

in ponds (carrier—diesel fuel).

2 treatments 2 weeks

apart on confined plots

in ponds (carrier—

water).

do_ ___ --

(?)

2,4-D, BE . .

4 1b do _ __ {')

8 1b do. _ (?)

7.8

.33

2

' Less than

.2

0. 2-0. 4

.7

5

0. 2-1-0. 2

0. 2-0. 4

4

8

45

12-16

None _ _ Applied over 3 weeks,

pond tests.

Metered into irrigation

channels.

2 treatments 2 weeks

apart on confined plots

in ponds.

Pond tests _

{')

Caused browning

None

(184)

Copper sulfate _

C)

Poor kill _ _ __ (?)

Good kill _ __ _ _ Temporary control in

pond tests (float or

drag).

Aquarium test (afiinity

for glass).

Pond test _ __ —

(')

Delrad -

None _ _ - (')

Arrested growth

TCillprl

(')

Diuron do w

KMnOj None Pond tests (')

'Good kiil -----

Ricefields im)

Pond tests. (')

Partial kill _ _ . do {')

Poor to good kill

Good kill -

Pond tests; concentration as AS2O3.

__ _do _

{')

(')

None. _______ Pond tests with high iron

content; concentration

as AS2O3.

Pond tests, Ala

(209)

Partial (209)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.
26 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 4.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

Pithophora spp.—Continued

Chemical ConcentrationRate per

acre '

Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4,5-T

P.p.m.}

2.5

1.5-2

Pond test (')

Nigrosine . . .. do Ponds colored so only 18

inches depth could be

seen for 2 months.

2 treatments 2 weeks

apart on confined plots

in ponds (carrier—

water).

2 treatments 2 weeks

apart on confined plots

in ponds.

{')

TCA 4 1b do (')

Na PCP (granules) 1 . do - {')

Rhizoclonium spp.

Delrad I 0. 2-0. 4

Roccal 0. 1-0. 2

Copper sulfate | 0. 5-0. 1

Partial to good kill.

Good kill

Poor to good kUl Soft-water ponds.

Spirogyra spp.

0. 04-1

. 12

Fair to good kill

To kill .- ...

Pond tests . ._ . (177)

In ponds or lakes

Pond tests (hard water) _ .

Pond tests

(206)

(2U)

1

0. 5-1

0. 2-0. 4

None (êSO)

Fair to excellent kill__

To kill

(2)

In ponds or lakes

Pond tests, N.Y

(205)

1

. 12

0. 05-0. 3

(133)

Good In ponds or lakes

To control in ponds or

lakes.

30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests.

'.'.iiidoi'.'.ii'.'.i'/.iiy.iii

do

do

do

(146)

(238)

Copper sulfate. .

. 5

•Ö

10

20

40

80

None (181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(97)

(97)

(2)

do

do

do

do

100 percent

. 73 and . 36

0. 5-1. 5

Satisfactory

do

Research tests, N.J.

(2 treatments).

Research trials, N.J

0. 2-0. 3

.25

. 5

Good kill ..

40-50 percent

90-95 percent

Pond tests N Y (133)

do

3 Satisfactory Irrigation channels,

15-minute contact.

Irrigation channels,

20-minute contact,

recommended rate.

In concrete-lined

irrigation channel,

30-minute contact.

Research tests, N.J

P)

Delrad... .. 5

5. 1

0. 75-0. 9

.8

( I. 7-2

4

4

. 5

5

10

20

40

I 80

ei\

Good for 7 miles

(V

^3^

Delrad 70 ..

()

(97) Delrad 50 do

No kill Pond tests

(97)

Unaffective do f&^n^

97-100 percent

None

Pond tests N Y

30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests.

do

do

do

do

do

(I öS)

Í i Oi\

Sodium arsenite .

do

do

do

do

do

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

TABLE 4.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on various alqae—Continued

27

Spirogyra spp.—Continued

Chemical Concentration

Rate per

acre '

Control or response Remarks Reference

. 5 None

Satisfactory

Pond tests, N Y (ISS)

(97)

{18S)

(2)

8 oz./l,000

sq. ft.

Research trials, N.H

0. 1-0. 15 Pond tests - -

. 2

0. 1-0. 2

. 5

5

50

100

200

400

I 800

5

50

100

200

400

I 800

5

50

100

200

400

I 800

5

50

100

200

400

[ 800

5

50

100

200

400

[ 800

Í ^

50

100

200

400

[ 800

Í ^

50

100

200

400

[ 800

Good

Polyrad 0200 Good kill Pond tests

Good _. At temperatures below

70° F., pond tests.

Pond tests, N.Y.. -.

(2)

"Pprniatp 90 percent (133)

100 percent- - 30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests.

v'..doy//-'.'-'-'-'-^^'-'----.

do

do --

(181)

do

do

do

do

do

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

100 percent 30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests.

lllíldollíl'-'-'-'-'-'-y-'-V-"

do

do

(181)

do

"""Ido]I""IIimdo

do -- -

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

100 percent- - 30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests.

do

do

30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests

(carrier—water).

y.ll'.do'.'.y."'-'-'--'--'-'---

(181)

Dichlorobenzene

do

do

(181)

(181)

(181)

do

do

(181)

(181)

100 percent _ - 30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests

(carrier—water).

-I]IIdo^I-II--------I--I

'/.yido"-'-'-lV"-~-~-'-'-'----

(181)

Triohlorobpnzene - -

do

do

do

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

None - - -- 30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests

(carrier—water).

do

'I'-'do"IIII]"-I-I-I---

do

(181)

do

do

do

do

do

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

None- _ - _ 30-minute contact,

6-week beaker tests

(carrier—water).

lllUdo^lUlll

'//"doll'-'-l'-'-'-----'-----

(181)

TT.ndothal ....-..-. -

do

do

do

do

do

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

None _ 30 minutes contact, 6-

week beaker tests

(carrier—water).

do

(181)

do (181)

Monuron (CMU) do

100 percent

do

do

Killed

do

do

'"IIdo"-'"--I-IPond tests

(181)

(181)

"iÖ'lbV.I^^I!

(181)

(181)

(135)

100 do - -- _- In 5 days (176)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.
28 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 4.—Effects qf certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

Spirogyra spp.—Continued

Chemical Concentration

Rate per

acre '

Control or response Remarks Reference

Virao

Chelamine-3B

Algine

Algine C

Erbon

P.p.m.^

10

5.6

5. 6

1

3.2

1

5. 6

1.5

100 percentNone

100 percentdo

100 percentNone

100 percentPromising- .

2-day exposure, jar tests—

2-week exposure, jar

tests.

1.5-day exposure, jar

tests.

8-day exposure, jar tests2.5-day exposure, jar

tests.

2-week exposure, jar

tests.

6.5-day exposure, jar

tests.

Research trials, spray,

N.J.

Ulothrix spp.

Zygnema spp.

Copper sulfate..

Delrad

Dlchlone

Sodium arsenite.

0.05-

0. 05-

0.2-1

0. 7

0. 7

. 5

. 5

. 5

. 5

1

0.3

.25

. 33

.5

.8

. 1

.25

Fair to good killTo kill

do

do

Good

97 percent--

100 percentGood kiU---

50 percent--

85 percent-.,

90 percent--.

Satisfactory.

None

do

97 percent--.

In lakes

In ponds and lakesdo

do

Pond tests-

. doPond tests, AlaPond tests, N.YPond tests

doResearch trials, N.JPond tests

do

Pond tests

{110)

illO)

(110)

illO)

{110)

{110)

{110)

{97)

Í ^

1 5

.2

.2

.2

Killed- Irrigation canals, 15-

minute contact.

Irrigation canals, 20-

minute contact;

recommended rate.

In ponds or lakes

'"do

("31

Deh-ad (3\

Good

\)

(146)

{238)

{H4)

Copper sulfate .. do

do.

{ê06)

{177)

{H4)

(146)

(ISS)

(ISS)

«

(ISS)

(ISS)

(97)

(ISS)

(133)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA 29

TABLE 4.—Ejffects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

1—Cylindrospermum licheniforme

2—Microcystis aeruginosa

3—Scenedesmus obliquus „

[Species indicated by numbers in Control column]

4—Chlorella variegala

5—Gomphonema parvulum

6—Nitzschia palea

Chemical Concentration

Rate per Control or response Remarks Reference

Copper sulfate (anhydrous)

Copper sulfate (stabilizing agent) _

Movidyne

Activated colloidal silver compound.

Calcium hypochlorite

Sodium Chloride

Disodium copper salt of ethylene.

Diamine tetraacetic acid

Copper salt plus citrate

Copper naphthenate

Ziram

Disodium ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate).

PGP

NaPCP

p-chlorophenyl-p-chlorobenzenesulfamate.

Xanthic acid, ethyl sodium salt..

Lauryl isoquinolinium bromide._

Mercuric acetate

Phenylmercuric hydroxide

Phenylmercuric nitrate

Acetic acid

4-chloro-o-toloxyacetic acid

2,4-D

lodoacetic acid

2,4,5-T --- -

3-nitro-4-acetoxybenzoic acid

3-nitro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid

3-nitro-4-methoxybenzoic acid

Terpine alcohol (85% pine oil) —

di(p-chlorophenyl) methyl carbinol.

2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone

Salicaldehyde

Vanillin

Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

Tetrachlorophene

2 - tertiary - butyl - 4,6 - dinitrophenol.

DNBP

Picric acid

BHC (a)

BHC (/3)

BHC (5)

BHC (T) r

Cumene hydroperoxide

DDT

2-benzoyl-l,3-dichloropropane. .

Chlorinated camphene

Chlorinated benzene #1

Chlorinated benzene #2

Chlorinated benzene #3

Alkyl aryl bromide

Methyldodecylbenzyltrimethyl

ammonium chloride.

Cetyldimethyl ammonium bromide.

Alkylate ether alcohol

DAC

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.

P.p.m,}

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

1, 2, 4, 5, 6...

1,2,5,6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

None

Screening testsdo

-do.

.do2, 4, 5, 6.

None

do—

-do.

.do.

do

1, 2, 4, 5, 6-

2

6.

.do.

.do.

.do.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

do

do

do

Screening tests.

None. .

do.

do.

-do.

-do.

.do-

-do. _do.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-

None

do

.do-

-do_

-dodo2

None--

dodododo3, 5, 6--

2,6—-

Nonedc

_do_

-do-

-do-

-do-

_do-

-do_

_do-

_do_

-dododo2, 4, 5, 6-

2

2, 5, 6—

2

2, 5, 6—-

2

None

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

_do-

-do-

.do-

-do.

.do-

_do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do_

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

_do-

-do-

-dodo3, 4, 5, 6-

-do-

-do-

-do.

{187)

{187}

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

(187)

{187)

(187)

(187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

(187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

(187)

{187)

{187)

(187)

(187)

(187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

(187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

(187)

(187)

(187)

(187)

(187)

(187)

(187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

(187)

{187)

{187)

{187)
30 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 4.—Ejects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

1.—Cylindrospermum lichhnijorme 4.—Chlorella variegala

2.—MicrocysHs aeruginosa 5.—Gomphonema parvulum

3.—Scenedesmus obliquus 6.—Nitzschia palea

[Species indicated by numbers in Control column]

Chemical ConcentrationRate per

acre '

Control or response Remarks Reference

High molecular alkyl-dimethyl

ammonium chloride.

Mixed trimethyl and trimethyl

octadecadienyl NH4CI.

Methyldodecylbenzyltrimethyl

ammonium chloride plus tridecylmethylhydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride.

Alpha naphthylamine

Beta naphthylamine

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Thiocarbamide

Monuron

Rosin amine D acetate

Rosin amine D sulfate

Diethanol rosin amine D acetate.

Rosin amine D acetate (emulsifiable).

Rosin amine D pentachlorophenate (emulsifiable).

Sodium carboxyethyl rosin amine _

Rosin amine D derivatives (emulsified) .

N(3-aminopropyl)rosin amine D

diacetate.

Acti-dione

Aerosporin-polymyxin ß (sulfate).

Penicillin G, potassium

Streptomycin sulfate

Terramyein

4,4 - dichloro - alpha - methylbenzhydrol.

P.p.m.'

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

None_ _

dodo2

None_ _

do_

do

2,5,6

1, 2, 4, 5, 6_

1, 2, 4, 5, 6_

1, 2, 5, 6-__

1, 2, 4, 5, 6_

6

None_

5, 6_..

2, 4, 5,

3, 5, 6___

2, 4, 5, 6_

2

2

2

None

Screening tests.

___do

_do_

_do-

.do-

_do-

.do-

-do-

_do_

_do_

_do_

.do-

-do-

_do_

.do.

.do.

_do_

.do_

_do_

.do-

.do_

_do_

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

{187)

MISCELLANEOUS ALGAE SPECIES

Chlorine (free)

Sulfur dioxide

Magnesium sulfate

Mercury

Copper sulfate

Sodium arsenite

Dichlone

Simazine

100

100 -1, 000

4, 000

50

5-10

.05

1

5.4 lb.

Killed

do.__

do.._

Inhibited.

Satisfactory.

Inhibited; checked

growth several

weeks.

Stigeoclonium, Chroococcus, Proiococcus.

M.O. alkalinity greater

than 50 p.p.m.; recommended rate.

M.O. alkalinity less than

50 p.p.m.; recommended rate.

Recommended rate

Blue-green. Recommended rate.

Research trials (B.G.),

Conn., N.J.

Chlorella, Oscillatoria,

Phormidium.

{176)

{176)

{176)

{176)

{169)

{169)

{169)

{169)

{97)

{13B)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 31.
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

TABLE 4.—Efects of certain aquatic herbicides on various algae—Continued

31

VARIOUS FILAMENTOTJS ALGAE SPECIES

Chemical Concentration

Rate per

acre '

Control or response Remarks Reference

P.p.m.-i

10

21

.5

I Í25

{ i'

4

Í .25

.33

I .6

Killed; effective 2

miles.

Killed; effective for

6 weeks.

Irrigation ditch, 15-

minute contact.

Irrigation ditch, 20-

minute contact.

Tests in 2 ponds, N.Y

Test in pond, N.Y

Test in 2 ponds, N.Y...

Test in 6 ponds, N.Y

Test in 2 ponds, N.Y

Test in 3 ponds, N.Y. ..

Test in pond, N.Y. ..

Test in 4 ponds, N.Y

Test in 9 ponds, N.Y...

(.168)

Rosin amine D acetate.

UBS)

{132)

(132)

{132)

{132)

{132)

{132)

{132)

{132)

{132)

Fermate .

Dichlone None.. ...

do

CoDDer sulfate 97 percent . .

loo percent

Sodium arsenite

50 percent

DelradSO S 85 Dprcpnt ..

90 percent

1 Except as indicated.

s AHBTTRN UNIVERSITT. DATA ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN PONDS. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta., Farm Ponds Proj., Unpublished Ann. Eots 194&-61

s Personal correspondence on the use of RADA from E. F. Blanks, Bur. Redam., Denver. 1960. " f v" io-«u-ui.

TABLE 5.-—Effects oj dichlone on various algae

Algae

Anabaena circinalis

Aphantzomenon flos-aquae

Calothrix parietina

Chlamydomonas

Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Gloeocapsa alpicola

G. dimidiata

G. membranina

Gloeotrichia echinulata

Lyngbya birgei

Microcystis aeruginosa

M. ineerta

M. marina (Anacystis marina).

Nostoe commune

AT', muscorum

Plectonema nostocorum

Scenedesmus

Stichococcus

Stigeoclonium

Concentration

i' gjl5

5

100

100

100

100

100

100

5

100

5

5

10

100

100

100

100

100

100

Control

100-percent kiU.

do

25-percent kül..

Ineffective

25-percent kill..

do

Ineffective

do

100-percent kiU.

Ineffective

100-percent kill.

do

do

90-percent kill.

Ineffective

75-percent kill.

95-percent kill.

50-percent kill.

Inefifective

Remarks

Screening tests.

do

.do_

_do_

.do.

.do.

-do.

.do.

_do_

_do.

.do_

_do_

.do_

-do-

-do-

-do-

.do.

.do-

-doReference

{134)

{134)

{134)

{134)

{134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

{134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

TABLE 6.—Effects of phenanthraguinone on various algae

Species of algae Concentration Control Remarks Reference

Anabaena circinalis

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

Calothrix parietina

Chlorella pyrrenoidosa

Coccochloris peniocystis

Gloeocapsa alpicola

Ö. dimidiata

Gr. membranina

Gloeotrichia echinulata

Lyngbya birgei

Microcystis aeruginosa

M. ineerta

M. marina (Anacystis marina)

Nosioc commune

N- muscorum

Plectonema nostocorum

637339—62 3

M g-li80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

100-percent kill.

do

Screening tests.

do

90-percent kill.

do

95-percent kill50-percent kill.

Ineffective

do

.do-

-do-

.do-

-do-

.do.

-dolOO-percent kill.

Ineffective

95-percent kill..

100-percent kill.

do

.do-

-do-

.doIneffective

do

50-r)ercent kill-

.do-

.do-

.do-

-do-

_do-

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)

(134)
32 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 7.—Effects of copper suljate on vañous algae

Algae

Anahaena

Do

Do

Do

Do .-

Do

Aßkistrodesmus

Do

Aphanizomenon.-

Do

Do

Do

Do

Asterionella

Do

Do

Do

Ceratinum

Chlamydomonas-.

Do

Do

Clathrocystis

Do

Closterium

Do

Do

Coelastrum

Do

Coelosphaerium.- .

Do —

Do

Do..-

Conferva

Do

Cryptomonas

Cylindrospermum

Desmidium

Do

Do

Dinobryon

Draparnaldia

Do

Do

Entermorpha

Do

Eudorina

Do

Do

Euglena

Do.._

Fraguaría

Do

Do

Do

Do--

Glenodinium

Oloeocapsa

Gleocystis

Lynbya

Mallomonas

Melosira

Do

Concentration

P.p.m.

0. 1

. 12

0.09-1

.06

0. 10-0. 48

.09

0.3-3

1

.2

0. 12-0. 5

0. 12-0. 5

1

0. 12-0. 5

0.1-1

. 12

0. 12-0. 2

0. 12-0. 2

0. 24-0. 33

1

0.5-1

0.36-1

0. 12-0. 25

0. 12-0. 25

. 15

. 17

.17

0. 05-0. 33

0. 05-0. 33

.3

.3

0. 2-0. 33

0. 2-0. 33

.25

0.4^2

.5

. 12

2

2

2

. 18

.3

.33

.33

.5

.5

10

10

2-10

.7

.5

.25

.06

.25

.25

0. 25-1. 25

.5

.24

.5

.06

.5

.33

.2

Control or response

To kiUdo-

-do53 percent in 5 days; 81 percent in 20 days.

Good

-doReduced to killedFor control

To kill

-do-

-do-

- doGood

Reduced to killed.

TokiU

Satisfactory

Good

KiUed

TokiU

.do.

do

For control

Good

To kill

Good

For control

Good

For control

Reduced to killedTokiU

For control

Good

do

do

KiUed

Good

TokUl

For controlGood

KiUed

To kiU

For controlGood

For controlGood

TokDl

For controlGood

TokiU

do

-do27 percent in 5 days; 78 percent in 20 days.

Satisfactory

Good

Reduced to kiUed

Killed

Good

do:

36 percent in 5 days; 62 percent in 20 days.

Killed

Satisfactory

Good

Remarks Reference

In lakes and ponds.

do

do

In ponds or lakes.

do

In ponds or lakes.

do

do

-do.

In lakes and ponds (upper 3

feet of water).

In ponds or lakes

In lakes

In ponds

In ponds or lakes.

do.

.do.

-do.

.do.

do

do

In lakes

In ponds

In ponds or lakes.

In ponds

In ponds or lakes.

In lakes

In ponds or lakes.

do

In ponds

In ponds or lakes..

In ponds

In ponds or lakes..

In lakes

In ponds or lakes..

In ponds

Pond or lake tests.

In lakes

In ponds or lakes..

In ponds

In ponds or lakes—

doIn lakes

In ponds or lakesIn ponds

In lakes

In ponds or lakes.

In lakes

In pondsdoPonds or lakesdo

do

Pond or lake tests.

In ponds

do

{177)

m4)

046)

hS8)

l$05)

ißU)

(177)

ißH)

(206)

(199)

(ue)

(205)

(177)

(2U)

(U6)

(146)

(177)

(205)

(146)

(U4)

(146)

(177)

(146)

(H4)

(146)

(U4)

(206)

(177)

(244)

(146)

(146)

(238)

046)

046)

(177)

(2U)

(146)

046)

(177)

m4)

046)

(U4)

046)

(177)

(244)

046)

(177)

046)

(177)

(128)

m4)

046)

(205)

046)

046)

046)

046)

(^44)

046)
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA

TABLE 7.—Effects of copper suLfaie on various algae—Continued

33

Algae

Microcysiis.

Do

Do

Do

Microspora.

Do

Navícula

Do

Do

Nitzschia

Oscillatoria..

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Palmella

Do

Pandorina..

Do

Do

Do

Pediaslrum_

Peridinium

Do

Porphyridium

Raphidium

Scenedesmus

Do

Do

Do

Do

Spirogyra dubia.

Spirogyra nítida_

Concentration

P.p.m.

.1

.2

.06

.2

.4. 4

.07

.07

.07 . 5

0. 1-0.5

1.5. 2

0. 2-0.5

0. 2-0.5

0. 1-0.4

22

10

.06

2-10

10

06

Staurastrum.

Do

Do

Do

Stephanodiscus

Do

Synedra

Do

Do

Do

Synura

Do

Tabellaría

Do

Do

Tribonema

Tribonema utriculata.

Uroglena

Do

Volvox

Do

Do

Do

Do

.5

0. 5-2

1-1.5 1

0.3-5

111

5-10

Trace (from

penny)

Trace (from

penny)

1.4

.06

1.5

1.5. 33

.33

2

0. 3-1. 66 . 50

0. 36-0.5

.3

0. 12-0. 25 2

0. 12-0.5

0. 12-0.5 . 25

.5

.05

0. 05-0.2

.3

.25

.25

.25

.25

Control or response

To km

do

49 percent in5 days; 44 percent in 20 days.

Good

For control __

Good

Satisfactory

Good

do

Good

Reduced to killed

Satisfactory__

To kill

For control

Good..

do

For control

Good

To kiU

57 percent in5 days; 45 percent in 20 days.

For control

Good

52 percent in5 days; 71 percent in 20 days.

To kill_

do

Satisfactory

Good

Reduced to killed

To kill

Satisfactory

Good

do

Killed

Remarks

In lakes and ponds.

do

In ponds or lakes.

do

do

In ponds

.--_'_do

In ponds or lakes.

In ponds

Research trials, N.J_

In lakes

In ponds or lakes

do

do

do

do

In lakes

do

In ponds or lakes.

do

.do.

Reduced to killed

29 percent in5 days; 60 percent in 20 days.

Satisfactory

Good

Satisfactory

Good.

To kill

Reduced to kiUed

Satisfactory

Good

To kill

do

do

Satisfactory.

Good

Satisfactory.

do

To kill.

do.

do.

do

Satisfactory.

Good

do

In lakes

In ponds or lakes

Research trials, N.J.

In ponds or lakes

In lakes

In lakes or ponds.

do

do

Aquaria

-do.

In ponds

In ponds or lakes.

In ponds

doIn lakesIn ponds

do

In lakes

In ponds or lakes

In lakes

In ponds

do

do

Research trials, N.J.

In lakes

In ponds or lakes

59°F

In lakes

In ponds

In ponds or lakes

do
34 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 8.^—Effects of chlorine on various algae

Algae

Anahaena

Aphanizonieno n ^

Asterionella

Clathrocystis

Coelastrum

CoelosphaeriumCyclotella

Dictyosphaerium

Melosira

Oscillatoria

Proiococcus

Spirogyra

Synedra

Tabellaría

Tetrastrum

Volvox

Concentration

p.p.m

0. b--1

0. 5-1

0. 5-

0. 5-

0. 5-

0. 5-

1. 1

0. 7--1.5

0. 5-

0. 3-

Control

Good_

_do_

_do.

^do_

_do_

_do_

_do_

.do.

_do_

_do_

_do_

_do^

_do_

_do_

_do_

.do.

Remarks

In ponds or liikes.

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

Reference

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)

(146)
Effects of Aquatic Herbicides on Various Weeds

TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds

Cabomba caroliniana (Fanwort)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D

P.p.TO.l

100 1b 20-percent granular form; recommended rate.

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

Dewatered after treatment

Pond tests, N.J

im)

{236)

0^

2,4-D, lOE 201b . do

2,4,5-T 3 Some kill

Satisfactory _ {97)

{97)

{159)

{1B9)

{159)

{97}

Unsatisfactory Pond tests, spray, N..J .

50 1b Pond tests, N.J

Monuron. 75 1b

100 1b do

do

do

/ 2

1 2-2. 5

. 75

r

Unsatisfactory

Killed

Pond tests, spraying, N.J

Pond tests, 21 days {251)

{169)

{159)

{159)

{ ")

( 21

Dichlone __ 2 Ib./acre-ft

400 1b Resistant Pond tests, N.J \ 500 1b do do

/ 8

I 8

500

500

500

500

To give pH 3.8

100 percent. Pond tests, 3 months

High iron content in pond

water.

Aquaria tests, N.J., gave pH

3.8 in water.

do

do

do

Disodium versenate Killed

1, >

{159)

{159)

{159)

{159)

{159)

Zinc disodium versenate

Copper disodium versenate

Versene acid

do

Acetic acid rln Aauaria tp=ît<i N T

Callitriche s])p. (Water-stiirworts)

Delrad 70. Fair to good. Pond tests, Oreg.

Ceratophyllum demersum (Coontail)

2,4-D, Dowanol ester

2,4-D, isopropanolamine.

2,4-D, acid

2,4-D, acetamide.

2,4-D (P)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 69.

10-20

20 1b Granules.

20 1b do

40 1b

10, 20, 40 1b

10 1b

Granules

do

do

20 1b - _ .do ..

40 1b . ...do

20 percent..

100 percent.

Ineffective..

None

40 percent..

70 percent.

80 percent.

Good

Lake water, pH 9.1-9.3

Lake water, pH 5.3

Pond tests

Plant full grown, Ark

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

dodo nil.;

4-week tests, Mich

{109)

(SU)

{SID

(141)

{SID

{HS)

{S48)

(144) CO
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Ceratophyllum demersum (Coontail)—Continued

Herbicide

2,4-D

2,4-D, BEE.

2,4-D, IOE_.

2,4,5-T

2,4,5-T, DMS.

Silvex.

Silvex, Na salt, acid, PGBEE.

Silvex, lOE

Monuron+ TCA

Monuron.

Diuron.

2,4,5-TCB.

EndothaLDCB

Amitrole.

Concentration

P.p.m.^

5

10

.8

2

5

10

10-15

20-80

Rate per acre

10 to 15 lb.

10 1b

20 1b.

40 1b.

20 1b.

30 lb.

1001b.

125 lb.

10 lb..

20 1b

40 1b

15 to 25 gal..

10, 20, 40 lb.

30 gal

101b

201b.

401b.

Carrier

Granules.

do...

do...

do...

Granules.

do...

20 1b do-.:

10 1b - Granules.-

20 1b

401b

do

do

10 1b Granules.....

201b

40 1b

do

do

20 1b - Granules

20 lb do

10,20, 40 ib Granules .

101b do

20 1b

40 lb . ..

do

do.

50 1b

Granules.

...do..

...do..

Granules.

Granules.

.do.

.do.

Control or response

100 percent.

do

None

100 percent.

do

do

100 percentdo

No kill

Complete kill.

30 percent

70 percent.

90 percent80 percent.

50 percent.

60 percent...

80 percent...

Satisfactory.

Poor

Poor to fair..

20 percent..

100 percent..

Good

None

30 percent...

50 percent.

60 percent.

Resistant..

do

do

None

do

do

Effective kiU..

None

Excellent kill,

20 percent

40 percent.

70 percent.

Remarks

Greenhouse tests, 14 days

Greenhouse tests, 11 days

Stagnant water in ditch, Ark__

Treated May 26, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

.do.

Lake water, pH 5.3.

do.

Lake test, N.J

Pond test, Ala., 30 days

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

do.

Pond test

Treated June 5, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

.do.

Research trials, spray, N.J

10-day exposure, jars, Oreg—

.do

Lake water, pH 9.1-9.3

Lake water, pH 5.3

3 pond tests

Plant full grown. Ark

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch,

Aik.

do

Reference

do

Pond tests, N.J.

do.

.do.

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

!II"doIIIII"IIIIIIIIIIIII

Plant full grown. Ark.

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

do

Oi

(198)

{198)

(ell)

(£48)

{H8) mi)

{211)

(160)

(.')

{U8)

{ê4S)

{348)

(.97)

{110)

am

{SID

{SID

{148)

{21D

{H8)

{H8)

{159)

{159)

{159)

{HS)

{H8)

{149)

{SID

{149)
Í 5

l 10 >

Good 10-day exposure, jars, Oreg...

do

(110)

(110)

(H8)

(H8)

(U8)

(169)

(169)

10 lb Granules

do

do

10 oercent Treated July 18, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

do

Simazíne 20 1b

40 1b.

30 percent

50 percent / 101b Some initial kill; regrowth in all plots.

-III'doIII'III'"II--II

(Jo

Pond tests, N.J _.

151b

16 1b

32 1b

401b

do

do

do

.do

(169)

(169)

(169)

l .75 (169)

300

2 Ib/acre-ft Trial use suggested

Aromaties Satisfactory.- . Irrigation channels, 30-minute contact.

Pond tests, N.J., 8 percent

maximum area of pond

treated at one time.

Wet bottom, Ala ._ ..

(2S9)

Copper sulfate - 300 1b -- (169)

KMnOi - 15-20

10

3-10

4-8

1. 7-2

8

2. 7-4

4^5

1-1.7

8

12

Good kill (^)

100 percent . Greenhouse tests, 10 days

Research trials, Del., N.J

(198)

Satisfactory . ... (97)

Good kill (149)

KUled Pond tests (S29)

Eradicated .. Pond tests, Ala., 3 months

Recommended rate

(')

Sodium arsenite (188)

Pond in Israel; recommended

rate.

Ponds in Ohio

(201)

Successful (SZ7)

None High iron content in pond

water

Pond tests, N.J.; slight fish

kill.

Plant full grown. Ark

do

do... . . -

(')

Delrad .- - (169)

3.31b None (ell)

2 4-DEP ) 6.71b

13.3 lb

do

do do [VA]

(211)

1

(• 10,20,401b

10, 20,401b

Granules None.- ... Plant full grown. Ark

.. do .. _.

CDEA 1 do do (211)

(248) c 10 lb 1... Granules 20 Dereent Treated July 18, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

do .. .

CIPC 201b

40 1b

do

do

40 percent

60 percent

(248)

(248)

101b Treated June 5, checked Sept. (248)

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

do

PBA, dimetliylamine • 20 1b

40 1b . .

do

. do

100 percent

do . -

(248)

(248)

(248)

(248)

(248)

(169)

(159)

(159)

(169)

(169)

(109)

10 1b Granules 60 percent Treated June 5, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

do.. . .

2,3,6 TBA, sodium sait 20 1b

401b ..

do

do .

70 percent

90 percent.. . . _

Disodium^ versenate . _ 500

500

500

600

To give pH 3.8

4. 5

Kiled Pond tests, N.J.; gave pH 3.8

in water.

do

do

. .do

Zinc disodium versenate

Copper disodium versenate

Versene acid ._ V..'.'áoV-V- -V'V.WAcetic acid _ _ do Tests in N.J

Hyman P-162 . Good .. . Pond tests, Oreg _

>

taM

O

O

ö

See footnotes at end of table, p. i

CO
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Eleocharis aeicularis (Needlerush)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

P.p.TO.l

3 1b Water (1:80)

Water (13:40)

Diesel fuel

Granules _

50 percent; 100-percent

regrowth same year.

None; 100-percent survival.

Excellent

Spray application, Mar. 9,

1959, pond test, Ga.

Spray application, Aug. 27,

1959, pond test, Ga.

Dewatered pond area

Plants on moist bank and in

water. Auburn, Ala.

Ga

{2SB)

2,4-D, amine __ ... .

2

{235)

2,4-D, BE 4 to 8 lb -.

{')

40 1b None - __ {')

2,4-D, lOE....

160 lb do No effect in 1 year

Effective

mi) \ "" 4 1b.- --- ... Diesel fuel

do

do

Sprayed on dewatered pond

area.

Dewatered pond area

do

Sprayed on dewatered pond

area.

do

(^)

2,4-D, IPE 6 to 8 1b

2 to 4 1b

Excellent . (^)

Fair to good

Good kill

(^)

2,4-D, NH4 salt 8 1b Water (^)

2,4-D, Na salt 81b do do {')

2,4,5-T 3

2

1

j

Partial kill Dewatered after treatment in

ponds.

Gravity-flow application, pond

tests, Ga.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Broadcast application. Mar.

30, 1959, pond tests, Ga.

Spray application. Mar. 30,

1959, pond tests, Ga.

Spray application, July 22,

1959, pond tests, Ga.

Plants on bank and in water,

pond tests, Ga.

do

do.

m

50 percent . {236)

100 percent ..

{236)

20 1b Clay granules

Water (1:'20)

do

do

{235)

Silvex

1

3

• .25

.5

2.

3.

{235)

Water (1:10) do {235)

100 percent {211)

Silvex, PGBEE '""'do I""I"-I- "]

{211)

{^11)

do do {211)

4 lb. -H 8 lb No effect Dewatered pond area

do

do

do

{')

41b.-t-81b Good kill

No effect

Good kill

(')

TCA-1-2,4-D, Nasalt 16 lb. + 16 lb .. (.')

161b -1-16 lb 12)

r 8 lb 4- 8 lb No effect.. Dewatered pond tests.

do

do

(=)

TCA-t-2,4,5-T {::::::::::::: 81b.-l-81b Good kill

Resistant .

(»)

101b {210)

r 75 1b do Pond tests, N.J {159)

Monuron 100 lb do - do {169)

751b Water Eliminated for 1 year..

Good

Sprayed on dewatered pond

area.

Dewatered pond bottom, 1

year.

Plants on moist bank and in

water, Ala.

{')

Diuron.. _ _.

75 lb do {210)

40 1b... Granules None {')
Copper sulfateS Sodium arseniteChlorea.

400 Ib.

500 Ib.

2,000 Ib. Granules.

Resistantdo

100 percent60 percent; lOO-pereent

regrowth same year.

100 percent; no regrowth same year.

10 percent

Pond tests, N.J., 87 percent

maximum area treated at

one time.

do

Gravity-flow application,

pond tests, Ga.

Gravity-flow application,

Mar. 9, 1959, pond tests,

Ga.

Gravity-flow application, Apr.

16, 1959, pond tests, Ga.

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

(.169)

(169)

Eleocharis cellulosa (Needlerush)

2,4-D, PGBEE.

Dalapon + silvex, PGBEE.

Simazine

20 1b_

48 lb.+ 6 lb.

20 1b

Granules.

Granules.

80 percent.

90 percent.

None

Lake margin, water 0-4

deep.

do

do

feet {311)

mi)

(Sll)

Eleocharis párvula (Spikerush)

2,4-D, lOE.

2,4-D, IPE.

Simazine

20 lb_.

30 lb_.

4 lb...

2.4 lb.

81b...

32 1b..

Granules.

do...

Oil.

Granules.

Water

do...

20 percent..

30 percent..

100 percent.

None

70 percent..

100 percent.

Appliedtodewateredpond, Ala.

.do.

Pond tests, Ala

Dewatered pond, Ala.

do...

do

mi)

(311)

{211)

(211)

{211)

{211)

Elodea canadensis {Anacharis canadensis) (Elodea)

2 4-D 100 1b Recommended rate {197)

10

15

20

25

\ 25

\ 50

5

None Pond tests, N.J... ... {169)

2,4-D, ester .

'/."'.do'.'.'.""'."""'.

do

do...

do

{169)

(159)

{169)

Ineffective Greenhouse tests, 56 days

do .-

{198) 2,4-D -

do {198)

2 4-D. TEA Killed Aquaria tests. .. . . {234)

10 lb Arrested growth

Killed

Pond tests {2S4)

2,4-D, TBP. -- 10 (234)

5

Aquaria tests .

do do.. . {S34)

86 lb. . . None Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

do

Pond tests, Ga

{236)

2,4-D, lOE 86 1b

86 to 172 1b

do

do

Emulsifier

do

Good kill; death in 6

days, regrowth in

2 months.

Killed

{171)

2,4-D, IPE 5 (185)

MCPA __ __^ ^_ . 10 Aquaria tests_. {234)

2,4,5-T, TBP 1 10 do do {234)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 69.

00
TABLE 9.—Effects oj certain agvMic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Elodea canadensis {Anacharis canadensis) (Elodea)—Continued

Herbicide

SilvexSilvex, PGBEE

Silvex, lOE

IPC

Monuron

Diuron

Endothal

Erbon

AMS

Dichlone

Aromatics

Concentration

2

5

1

2

5

1

2

3

3.5

1

.5

.75

0. 5-2. 5

2

10

10

4.6

9.2

15.4

5

10

80

240

400

2

5

10

1

10

75

300

Rate per acre '

16 1b_

25 Ib50 Ib_-

100 Ib2 Ib./acre-ft.

Carrier

Granules

Water, 80 galsControl or response

Fair

100 percent

Satisfactory

30 percent

100 percent; plants

killed in 4 weeks, no

regrowth within 6

months.

None

do

_do_

90-100 percent95-100 percent.

do

.do.

do.

Good.-

None

100 percent

Good..

Killed

Arrested growth, no

kill.

Killed

Poor

Partial

do.

Killed

do

None killed,

.do

Remarks

10-day exposure, jars.

. doField trials, N.J

Pond tests, 6 weeks.

Pond tests, N.Y

Gravity-flow application,

pond tests, Ga.

Spray application, pond

tests, Ga.

Pond tests, N.J

-do.

.do.

.do-

.do.

Pond tests, treated May 29,

1960.

Pond test, N.Y

do

do

4 pond tests..

Aquaria tests.

Pond tests, Oreg.

Pond tests, N.J..

do

Reference

(110)

(110)

(97)

(')

(17.1)

do

Pond tests, Oreg.

.do.

.do.

Good; regrowth same

year.

Good

100 percent

Killed

No effect

Satisfactory.

Cuttings, 30-minute contact.

do -

do

Test in lake in Wis

10-day exposure, jarsdo -

Pond tests, 21 days

Aquaria tests

Trial use suggested

Irrigation channels, 30-minute

contact.

O

(ê52)

(êSS)

(148)

(171)

(171)

(171)

(148)

(êS4)

(109)

(159)

(159)

(159)

(109)

(109)

(lOê)

(102)

(102)

(171)

(110)

(110)

(261)

(169)
400

600

740

5 4-5 9 eal /c f s Good for 5-6 weeks;

killed % to lyí miles

below.

Good for 8 weeks;

killed % to 1/2 miles

below.

Good for 8 weeks;

killed up to 5 miles

below.

Fair kill

Irrigation channels _ (117)

8.1 gal./c.f.s do

do

(117)

AroTïiatic solvent

10 cal /c f s (117)

20 gai Spot treatment from bank

Tests in N.Y

(186)

750 gal./35 acres+

700 gal./25 acres.

Satisfactory- (He)

Benoclor 30 -

300 Irrigation ditch, 1-hour exposure.

Pond tests, N.J. ; 8-peroent

maximum area treated at

one time.

Ponds; recommended rate

-----do

(1^6)

400 1b 90 percent (159)

2.5-4

2. 5-4

1-1.7

4

1.7-2

2.5

10

3

10-12

4(AS203)

2(As203)

2(AS203)

100

(188)

(êS2)

Successful-_ -- Pond tests, Ohio - (nr)

Killed - --- Pond tests, Oreg -- - - (109)

Hard to kill -- Pond tests - -- (êSO)

Good kill

100 percent

do

Greenhouse tests, 13 days

Field trials, Del-

(êSO)

(198)

Satisfactory (97)

Poor Lake tests, S. Dak . - - (171)

100 percent Gravity-flow application, pond

tests, Ga.

do

do

(SS6)

'.'.'.y.doi'.'.'.'.'-'.'-'-'-'-'.'.'-'-

(êS6)

(236)

Ammonium thiocyanate 100 percent Greenhouse tests, 13 days

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

(198)

430 Ib Granules None (S36)

Elodea densa (Anacharis densa) (Dense waterweed)

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

33

100

25

10

60

Complete 14-day exposure, 6-gal. glass

jars. Preliminary evaluation tests.

do

(108)

(108)

Allyl-|3-naphthyl carbamate jl do

do

(108)

(108)

2-aminoanthraqmnone

2-amino-5-diethyl aminotoluene

monohydrochloride.

p-aminodimethyl aniline monohydrochloride.

Anisic acid

y.'.'.'.do'/.'.iiy-'.'.'.'.'.'-'.'.

do

do--

(108)

(108)

do do (108)

(108)

"'.'.'.do'".'.'.'.''."'.'.'.'.'.

do

Aromatic do #80 plus 5% Tenlo400.

(108)

(108) "IlldoIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

do

Azoxybenzene --. do plus 1% copper

chloride,

p-ben zalaminophenol

(108)

do (IOS)

do

do

do

do :

do

5-benzal rhodamine 25

50

(108)

Benzene hexachloiide (108)

>

a

Wts

w

wM

oHt

o

Ö

See footnotes at end of table, p. f

rfi"
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued to

Elodea densa (Anacharis densa) (Dense waterweed)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

Benzidinebis (0-isopropyl carP.p.TO.i

25

100

25

20

25

25

200

25

100

100

15

10

50

25

50

5

25

100

50

50

50

25

50

50

10

10

10

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

.3

5

Complete

do

do

do

do

14-day exposure, 5 gal. glass

jars. Preliminary evaluation tests.

do

do

do

do . -- ..-

(108)

bamate).

Benzophenone. (108)

/3-benzoylacrylic acid . (108)

p-benzylaminophenol (108)

o-benzylphenol (108)

p-benzylphenol _ do do

. -do . . .

(108)

Boric aeid_. _ _ _ do (108)

p-bromophenacyl bromide

n-butyl-p-toluene sulfonate

Calcium 2,4-dichlorophenoxydo

'-y.iido'.y.ii'.y//////'

do

do

do

(108)

(108)

(108)

aoetate.

Camphene __ _ _ do . -do (108)

Camphene plus 1% copper

chloride.

Carbazole

do . do (108)

"-"do""'!"'"

do

do

(108)

Chlorinated m - phenylacetophenone.

p-chloroacetophenone

(108)

'""doi""H'"rr" dodo -

(108)

p-ohloroaoetophenone with copper 2,4-dÍGhlorophenoxyacetate.

2-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid___

m-chlorobenzoic acid

(108)

-""do'I

do

do

(108)

(108)

p-chlorobromobenzene

3-chloroisopropyl-N-earbamate_

a-chloromethylnaphthalene

4-chloio-3-methyl-2-nitrophenoL

a-chloronaphthalene

do do (108)

do

'.'.'.'.'.do".'.'.y.y.'.'.'.'.'.".

do

do

do...

(108)

(108)

(108)

do

"-!IdoI"II"I"""I

yyyáoyyyyyyyyyyyy".

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

(108)

p-chlorotoluene (108)

Copper 2-aceto-l-naphthate

Copper acetyl-o-aminobenzoate.

Copper acety]-p-aminobenzoate.

Copper acetyl-o-aminophenate.

Copper acetyl-p-methylaminophenate.

Copper 2-amino-3,5-diiodobenzoate.

Copper o-aminophenol-p-sulfonate.

Copper 4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonate.

Copper aniline disulfonate

Copper benzoate

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

do do. (108)

do do. (108) '

do do .. (108)

do

do

yyydoyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

do .._

do

do

do

do

do

(108'

(108

(108

Copper chloride

Copper N-2 chlorophenol

phthalamate.

(108

(108
Copper o-chlorophenoxyacetate.

Copper p-chlorophenoxyacetate.

Copper 4,4'-diaininostilbene

Copper dichloracetate

5

1055

Copper 2,4-dichlorobenzoate

Copper 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate.

Copper 3,5-dinitrobenzoate

Copper diphenyl acetate

Copper diphenyl-p-p'-disulfonate.

Copper p-fluorobenzoate

Copper idosobenzoate

1045

25

10

Copper p-iodobenzoate

Copper isobutoxide

55

Copper maléate2

Copper MCPA.- 25

Copper methoxide 10

Copper 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetate.

Copper monochloroacetate

Copper a-naphthalene acetate__

Copper nitrate

Copper p-nitrophenylacetate.-_

Copper pentachlorophenate

Copper phenoxyacetate

Copper phenylacetate

5

1055

^?3

10

Copper sulfate_

5

Copper trichloroacetate

Copper 2,4,6-trinitrophenate.--

9,10-dibromo anthracene

Dibromo barbituric acid

4,4-dibromodiphenyl

105

25

25

25

2,4-dibromophenol 25

2,5-dibromotoluene_. 33

Dichloroamine

p-dichlorobenzene

33

100

3,4-dichlorobenzene 25

p-dichlorobenzene with phenoxyacetic acid.

3,4-dichloronitrobenzene

2,6-dichloro nitrophenyl

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

with copper nitrate.

Do

20

15

255

5-|-trace

2,4-diohloroquinone

3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic

acid.

2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde2,4-dimtrophenylhydrazone.

p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone.

3,3-dimethylbenzidinebis-(0-

isopropyl carbamate).

Dimethylchloro fumarate

Dinitro-o-isopropyl phenol

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

25

33

25

25

25

25

256

See footnotes at end of table, p. 69.

do

_ .do

do

do

do

...do

do-- do

. do

do do

do

. .do ...

do do

do-- .. do

do do

do ___-_- do

do

. .do

do do

do--.

do

do

_do

do

y/.i\do~.'.iy/.'.y.y.'-y.'-ii'.i'-i

do ...do

.-._

do

do ..iidoV'/y/////////'///.'.'.

do do

do do

do

do '.'.".'.doV.'.'.".'.'.'.'.".'.'.~.".'.'.ll

do do

do ... do

do do

do do

do do

do do

do do

do do

do do

.do do

do do

do do

y.'.i'.do'.y.'.'.y.'.'.'.y.y.'.

do

do

do...

do

do do

do

'.'.".idoV.'/.y/.'.y/.i".'. do

do.-. -do...

do do

do.. do

y.v.'-dl'.y.'.y/.v/.y//.'.

do

do

do

do

(108)

(108)

(IOS)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

CO
TABLE 9.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued »^Oi^

Elodea densa {Anacharis densa) (Dense waterweed)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

Diphenylacetic acid _.

P.p.mA

50

50

20

10

25

50

100

33

25

25

25

33

25

25

25

25

50

25

33

33

26

25

33

25

25

50

10

50

25

100

25

20-25

20-25

20-25

20-25

25

25

ComDlpte 14-day exposure, 5-gal. glass

jars. Preliminary evaluation tests.

do

(108)

(108)

(118)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

(108)

Diphenylamine .. do

Diphenylamine hydrochloride. _

Diphenylcarbamine chloride

1,3-diphenyl guanidine

do

do

do do

Dupanal C - - _do do Ethyl benzene sulfonate do do Fluorone__ _ __ do

Fumaronitrile. _ ______ do _ _ ¿o

1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptachloro pro- _ __do do

pane,

p-hydroxy diphenyL _ do do

lodosbenzoio acid__ _ do do Menadione .. _ do

V-'.'.'do'.v.y.'.'.i'.'.'.y" y///.do'.y/.iy///////.'.'.'.y.y.

do

Mercuric bromide

p-methoxybenzophenone-2,4-

dinitrophenylhydrazone.

Metoquinone do

II"'doI"II"III"]II

do

III"Ido"I""II"II]"

"""doI"""]I"'"'"

i-i"doi'rr"i"'

'/y/y.ào'.y//y/.y.'.'''.y.y'./'

do

do

do

yyy.doyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

do

do

do

Naphthalene

a-naphthalene acetamide

jS-naphthoI _ _

(S-naphthylamine

o-nitrobenzoic acid

p-nitrobenzoic aeid_ _

p-nitrobenzoylchloride

Nitroso-jS-naphthol

Pentachiorophenoxy acetic acid_

Phenoxyacetic acid _

Phenoxyaoetic acid (99.1% plus

1% CuCW.

Pinene _ _ _ __

"'"doI"''"II

do

l-[2-(t-dodecylmereapto) ethyl] do

pyridium chloride.

Sodium hypochlorite_ __ __ do

-"I"doI"II"I"

do

do

do

NaPCP

T-97 (Julius Hyman compound) .

T-98 (Julius Hyman com- do _ do

pound) .

T-99 (Julius Hyman com- do do

pound) .

T-106 (Julius Hyman com- do _ do

pound).

2,4,5-T

III-IdoII'IIII-"II"I

do

Tetraethyldiaminobenzophe- do

none-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone.
p-thiocresyl

---

2,4,6-triaminobenzoic acid

hydrochloride.

Trichloroacetanilide

1,2,4-trichlorobenzone

2,4-6-trichloro phenol

(Alkylbenzyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride.

Turpentine

Zinc 4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonate.

Zinc benzoate

Zinc d-camphenate

Zinz 5-chloro-2-aminobenzoate.

Zinc p-chlorophenoxy acetate.-

Zinc 2,4-diohlorobenzoate

Zinc 2,4-diohlorophenoxyacetate.

Zinc pentachlorophenate

Zinc phenoxyacetate

2,4-D

MCPA Copper salt

Silvex, PGBEE.

Monuron.

DiuronTrichlorobenzeneEndothal.

Copper sulfate..

Sodium arsenite. iLess

Delrad.

25

50

25

50

25

25

10

10

10

10

10

10

1066

10

1042

do--

do

do do

do do

do'I"II--I"I-Ido

do

do do

--

do -.- --- do

do do

do ..--

¿^

do ".'.'-'-'- "---

do

do

do

do

do- do

do- ---- do

do do

. .do-- Pond tests, Oreg

Good; killed to mudline, regrowth after

several months.

Fair

Pond test

Laboratory tests, Oreg

do-

5

497

Good.-

None Greenhouse tests, 10 months-.

Pond tests, Oreg 405

10

1005

do

do-- Glass-jar tests, 21 days, La

...do do—

do do

7-10 percent Glass-jar tests, 14-21 days, La.

dodo 10 0-7 percent

100 43-80 percent

50 Effective; killed to

mudline, regrowth

after several

months.

Ineffective

Pond test

25

80

do--

None.- Excised plants, 30-minute

contact,5 weeks to3

months.

do 240

400

105

20

than 20 1

.do- do

Poor- Tests, Oreg

Effective Pond test

Top kill Pond tests, Oreg

Poor to partial do-

-

53-55 percent— Glass-jar tests, 14-21 days, LEdo -.-

do5 95-100 percent ---

100 percent- -. _. 10

10 Effective; killed to

mudline, regrowth

after several months.

Ineffective

Pond test

4

do

{108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

(108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

[108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

{108)

{171)

{171)

{181)

{108)

{ISO)

(ISO)

[160)

[160)

[160)

[160)

{108)

{108)

{181)

{181)

[181)

[171)

[108)

{108)

{108)

[160)

[ISO)

[160)

{108)

(108)

See footnotes at end oí table, p.
TABLE 9.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Elodea densa {Anacharis densa) (Dedse waterweed)—Continued

Herbicide

Delrad (granular)

CIPC

Acetic acid

Versene acid

Disodium versenate

Zinc disodium versenate

Copper disodium versenate

Phenoxyacetic acid

Naphthalene

Phenoxyacetic acid + 1% CuCl

Hyamine 1622

Hexachloroeyolopentadiene

Socal #2

Turpentine

Concentration

15

Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response

60-percent kill

85-percent kill; killed

to mudline.

Partial kill

None

do

100 percentKilled

do

-do.

.do-

.doTop kill only

None

Top kill

Good top kill

Effective; killed to

mudline.

Ineffective

Effective; killed to

mudline, regrowth

after several months.

Top kill only

Remarks

Pond tests, Oregdo

-doGlass-jar tests, 21 days, La-

.doGlass-jar tests, 14^21 days. La.

Tests, N.JPond tests, N.J., gave pH 3.8-.

do

do

do

Pond tests,

-doOreg.

.do.

.do-

.do.

do

Pond tests, Oreg.

-doReference

{109

{109

{109

{160

(150

(ISO

{159

{169

{169

{169

(169

{108

{108

(108

{108

{108

(108

(108

{108)

05

Elodea occidentalis {Anacharis occidentalis) (Western waterweed)

2,4-D .... 51b Complete kill (180)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(S39)

{m)

(181)

r 13.41b 100 rjereent Greenhouse tests, 6 weeks

do

do

do-.

do

11.3 1b

8.41b

5.9 1b

5.11b do

2,4-D, IPB _

Aromatics .. 300

300

Satisfactory Irrigation channels, 30-minute contact.

Irrigation channel, 1-hour exposure.

Greenhouse tests, 6 weeks

Benoclor 3C Killed

Coal tar naphtha solvent 493.2 gal 100 percent

Heteranthera dubia (Water stargrass)

2,4-D, acid.

2,4-D

Acetone or ethanol. 100 percent-..

Complete killPlastic-pool tests,

Ala., 6 months.

30-minute contact-.

Auburn, (')

{180)
2,4-D, acetamide.

2,4-D, BEE.

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4,5-T, DMS^

Silvex_

Silvex, aoidMonuron.

Diuron. A mitróle.

Simazine.

Aromatic solvent.

'More than

740.

300

See footnotes at end of table, p. 69.

10 1b.

20 1b.

40 1b.

10 1b101b.

20 lb...

40 lb...

27.5 1b.

19.1 lb.

8.6 1b..

4.6 1b..

10 lb...

10 1b20 1b40 1b10 lb.

20 1b.

40 1b.

10 1b.

20 1b.

40 1b.

10 1b.

20 1b

401b

10 gal./cf.f

Granules-

.do.

do...

Granules.

do...

.-do.

..do.

Granules.

20 1b

40 1b

do

.....do

10 lb. Granules

20 1b

40 1b

do

do

Acetone or ethanol.

Granules

-do.

do ..

(iraTivilcs.

-dodo.-.

Granules-

do--.

do...

Granules.

.do.

.do.

40 percent70 percent..

80 percent.-

100 percent.

do

do

do

100 percent.

do

do

do

30 percent.

70 percent..

90 percent..

Satisfactory.

50 percent..

60 percent.-

80 percent.-

100 percent100 percent30 percent.-

50 percent60 percent _

None

do

do

20 percent40 percent.

70 percent.

10 peroent30 percent

50 percent

Control to5 miles

below.

Satisfactory

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do.

-do.

Drainage ditch, Ark., slowmoving water.

Treated May 26, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

"'""do'

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure,6 weeks.

do

.do-

_do.

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

.do.

Research trials, spray, N.J

Treated June 5, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

do

Pond tests, N.J., 3-4 weeks.-.

Plastic-pool tests. Auburn,

Ala.,6 months.

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

.doTreated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

-do.

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch

Ark.

.do.

-do.

Treated July 18, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do

.doIrrigation channels, 30-m.inute

contact needed; recommended rate.

Irrigation canals. West, 30-

minute contact.

{211)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{HS)^

(57)>

{U8)%>

{US)^

{US)a

P)

{m)

{B48)

{US)

{US)

{H8)

{US)

{U8)

{US)

{US)

{US)

{U8)

{117)
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Heteranthera dubia (Water stargrass)—Continued

Herbicide

Coal tar naphtha solvent.

Sodium arsenite

Sodium chlorate

CIPC.

PBA, dimethylamine.

2,3,6 TBA, sodium salt.

Concentration

P.p.TO.l

1.7-2

2. 5-4

2.5

1-1.7

2,4-D (Weedone).

2,4-D, lOE

2,4-D, NHi salt.

2,4-D, Nasalt..

Silvex, PGBEE.

Dalapon.

Erbon

Rate per acre '

441 gal_

1,175.5 Ib10 lb

20 1b.

40 1b_

10 1b.

20 1b.

40 1b.

10 1b.

201b.

40 1b.

Carrier

Granules.

do...

do...

Granules.

do...

do...

Granules.

-do.

-do.

Control or response

100 percent.

Killed

Successful..

100 percent20 percent-.

40 percent60 percent70 percent.

100 percentdo

60 percent..

70 percent.

90 percent.

Hydrochloa caroliniensis (Southern watergrass)

81b

16 1b

3 lb

3 1b

8 1b

16 1b

86 1b

20 to 40 lb.

81b ,

16 1b

32 1b

3 to 16 lb..

3 1b

34 1b

20 1b

2,000 Ib32 1b.

Water

do ...

Water

Diesel fuel.

do

do...

Granules.

Water

Water

do...

do

do

Water (1:5)..

Water (1:17).

Water, 80 gal.

Granules

Water, 80 gal.

98 percent..

100 percent.

95 percent..

100 percent.

do

Remarks

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Pond tests

Recommended rate

Ponds; recommended rate

Pond tests, Ohio

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Treated July 18, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch.

Ark.

do.

.doTreated June 5, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch,

Ark.

.do.

-do.

Treated June 20, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch,

Ark.

do

do

do

None

Poor kill.

80 and 50 percent. .

95 and 70 percent..

100 and 85 percent.

Poor kill

None

do

None

None; 100-percent regrowth within 1

year.

Burned, no kill

Dewatered pond area.

do

Dewatered pond area,

do

.do.

-do.

Pond treatment, Ga., 1959

Dewatered pond area

Dry bank and damp bottom.

do

Reference

.doDewatered pond area.

Pond tests, Ga., 1959.

do.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests, Ga

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

USD

(.188) (ssê) mi)

{181)

(.ns)

ms) ms)

iUS)

ms)

{U8)

(.^48)

P) (?) (?) (zii) C) (') (') (?) p) mi) mi)

(êSB)

00
400 lb Water Fair kill - Pond tests -- - W

AMS 400 1b

400 1b

7.2 1b

do

do

Dewatered pond area

do __ -

m

i')

Pond tests, Ga. . (Mo)

4-8 No effect Pond tests

860 lb. . None__ _- Treated in 1958, checked in

1959, pond tests, Ga.

Treated Aug. 13, 1959, pond

tests, Ga.

(BSB)

Diesel fuel - 10 eal . 25 percent; no regrowth same year.

{êS5)

Hypericum spp. (St.-Johns-worts)

2,4-D, amine+ester_

2,4—D, amine.

2,4-D, IPE

3 1b. + 6 1b3 1b2lb_._

3 lb__.

4lb._.

2 lb...

3 lb...

3 lb...

2.5 lb.

2 1b.-

Water.

Diesel oil, 50 gal_

Water (1:133).

do

do.

Water.-

do.

do.

Water..

do65 percent

95 percent.

94 percent.

92 percent.

85 percent.

92 percent.

90 percent.

85 percent.

95 percent.

98 percent.

Treated June 1 and July 31,

sprayed, Mont. Multifilm

X.

Treated June 25, sprayed,

Wash.

Treated June 21, Wash

Treated June 6, Wash

Treated July 2, Wash

Treated July 18, spray

Treated July 27, spray

Treated Aug. 1, spray

Treated June 23, spray

Treated Aug. 1, spray ...

m4) mi) mi) mi) mi) mi)

9.

Í

o

Juncus spp. (Rushes)

Copper sulfate. No effect. Pond tests.

Juncus roemerianus (Needlerush)

2,4-D, amine.

2,4-D, ester..

2,4-D.

2,4-D, IPE

Herbicidal oil-l-2,4,5-T.

Silvex, PGBEE

See footnotes at end of table, p.

20 1b Water

16.7 1b

16.7 lb Undiluted

16.71b do

16.7 1b

27 lb

7 lb

6 to 171b

16.71b

6 1b Diesel oil, 17 lbs...

16 1b .

20 1b Water

34gal.-l-3 lb

2 1b- Diesel oil, 5 gal

do

do

3 1b

6 1b

75-99 percent..

99-100 percent.

99 percent

98 percent

65 percent

Eradicated

75-90 percent

100 percent; seasonal

kill.

99 percent

85-100 percent.

90-95 percent..

Effective

Good

23 percent44 percent58 percentTreated Jan. 26 and Mar. 11.

Treated Apr. 4, airplane

Treated Apr. 1 to 7, airplane,

Fla.

Treated Apr. 8, airplane, Fla.

Treated in Apr., airplane, Fla

(êU)

Research trials.

Air treatment in Apr., 21 acres,

refuge.

Treated Apr. 15, airplane, Fla.

Aerial application

Ground application

Oil spray followed 2 days later

by 2,4,5-T.

Air treatment in May

do

do

(174)

(174)

(97)

(98)

(178)

(178)

(174)

(211) mi)

mi)

to
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weerfs—Continued

Juncus roemerianus (Needlerush)—Continued

Herbicide

Dalapon.

Dalapon +wetting agent_

Erbon

Concentration

P.p.m.'

2,4-D, BE_

2,4-D, amine

2,4,5-T, amine..

Silvex, PGBEE..

Fenurda

Monuron (WP)..

Monuron+ TCA.

Diuron

2,4-D, alkanolamine.

2,4-D, BEE

Rate per acre '

30 1b

60 1b

10 1b

20 to 30 lb_

601b

10 1b

20 1b

30 1b

60 1b

20 lb

20 1b

40 lb

60 1b

80 1b

Carrier

Water. _

do.

.do.

..do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

.do.

}i % Tergitol #4.

-do.

.do-

.do.

Control or response

Good.,

-do.

None.

Slight

90 percent.

83 percent.

99 peroent40 percent99 percent.

Good

70 percent.

do

do

75 percent

Unsatisfactory.

Jussiaea difusa (Waterprimrose)

2.4 lbs. Kerosene. Good.

Jussiaea peruviana ("Waterprimrose)

41b

4 1b

41b

20 1b

201b

22 1b

20 1b

Water

do

do

Granules

Water

Granules.

do

80-90 percent..

90-100 percent..

do

80-100 percent.-

95 percent

70-90 percent...

98 percent

Jussiaea repens (Waterprimrose)

3!b

10 to 20 lb.

Oil, 2 gal.

Granules.

100 percent

80-90 percent.

Jussiaea uruguayensis iJ. grandiflora) ("Waterprimrose)

2,4-D.

80 to 100 lb.

1.5 1b

Granules.

Water

Complete.

Killed

Remarks

Treated July 18, spray.

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

Treated in Apr., spray.

do

do

-doTreated July 18, spray.

Moist land area, SE

.do.

.do.

.do.

Research trials, N.J.

Lake tests, T'VA.

10 acres, air treatment, shallow water.

Plants in 6-30 inches water..

Treated May 27, checked

Juno 24, pond tests, Ark.

Ricefield

Reference

{êU)

{2U)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(gS4)

(97)

mr)

(Sll)

(211)

(Ul)

(211)

(211)

(211)

(211)

(211)

{')

Cm

O
2,4-D, DMS_

2,4-D, BE._.

2,4-D, IOE_

2,4-D, IPE.

MCPA, alkanolamine_.

2,4,5-T__

2-(2,4,5-T), butyl ester_

AMS

2,3,6 TBA

2 1b.

41b.

6 1b_

3 1b_

2 1b_

4 1b_

2 1b.

2 1b.

4 lb_,...

6 1b

3.34 lb_

2 to 3.34 lb_

2 to 4 lb.

4 to 6 lb.

6 to 8 lb.

4 to 6 lb.

2 1b

4 1b6 1b.

41b_

2 1b.

4 1b

6 1b

150 to 300 Ib150 1b

1.5 to 12 1b_

Water-f .02% Lux.

do

do

Diesel fuel.

Water

.doWater-f2%Tidu..

Water+.02% Lux.

do

_do.

Water.

Oil or water.

Diesel fuel

Water

Diesel fuel

Water+"02%'LÙido

.doWater 4-2% Tide-.

Water+ .02% Lux.

do

.doDetergent.

Water-1-Vatsol

OS.

Water

100 percent.

do

do---

Excellent.,

Good

do---

Excellent

100 percent.

do

do-..-

90 percent75 percent; 25-percent

regrowth in 2

seasons.

Fair to good

do

Good

Good

100 percent.

do

do

Good

100 percent.

-do-

-doKilled tops; regrowth

from roots.

Partial kill

IneffectivePlots in La. bayou,

in 30 days.

do

checked

do

Pond testsdo

.do-

-do.

Plots in La. bayou, checked in

30 davs.

do

.doTreated May 27, plants in

water, Ga.

Pond testsdo

do

Pond tests

Plots in La. bayou, checked

in 30 days.

do

do

Pond tests

Plots in La. bayou, checked

in 30 days.

do

do

Pond tests

.doTreated May 20, plants in

water, Ga.

U61)

im)

(')

(104)

{')

(175)

(161)

(151)

(151)

(101)

(211)

(')

(')

(')

(151)

(151)

(151)

(176)

(151)

(161) ^

(151) S)

(103) W

Q

(103) Ö

(m) Ö

Myriophyllum spp. (Milfoils)

Silver

Silvex, PGBEESimazine

0.5

. 3

2

10 to 26 lb.

100 percent

doControlled

Controlled; regrowth

in 2 months.

3 pond tests, NE

Pond test, NE

5 pond tests

Drained irrigation ditch.

(lêS)

(lêS)

(148)

(136)

Myriophyllum brasiliense (Parrotsfeather)

2,4-D

2,4-D, amine400 Ib3 lb—

SibGranules

Water (1:80)-

Water (1:40)_

100 percent for 1 year-_

100 percent; no regrowth within year.

100 percent in 1958;

100 percent regrowth in 1959.

10-percent granular form.

Pond tests, Ga

See footnotes at end of table, p. 69.

(119)

Oi
Herbicide

2,4-D, lOE.

2,4-D, IPE2,4-D, NHiSalt

2,4-D+ 2,4,5-T, IOE_

2,4,5-T, inverton

SilvexSilver, PGBEE.

Dalapon..

Monuron.

Erbon

Benoclor.

Sodium arseniteSilvex.

TABLE 9.—Ejects oj certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Myriophyllum brasiliense (Parrotsfeather)—Continued

Concentration

P.p.mA

,25

17

10-19

300

3-4

Rate per acre '

2-2.5

0. 5-2. 5

.5

30 1b_

30 1b20 1b_

120 lb.

3 lb-.

3 lb—

2 1b

20 1b

.75+.3 1b_

8 1b.

4 1b1.5 lb.

3 Ibis Ib16 1b16 1b

1 gal./sq. ftCarrier

Granules.

.do.

.dodoWater--

Water

Granules

Water (1:50)_

Water--

doWater (1:20).

Granules

Control or response

100 percentdo

100 percent; treated in

1958, no regrowth

2d year.

do

100 percent

do

Killed exposed leaves.

90 percent

50-100 percent

100 percent-

-do-

-do-

-do100 percent; a very

limited regrowtii

within 6 months.

100 percent

100 percent; no regrowth following

year,

.do -.-

.do20 percent; 50-percent

regrowth same year.

100 percent

Killed

100 percent

Remarks

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

do

Pond tests, Ga

do

Irrigation channels

Yi in 1st application, ^i in

second. Greenhouse tests,

checked 6 weeks after application.

Pond tests

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Repeated treatments, pond,

Ga., 1959.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do.

do

Pond tests.

Pond tests.

6 weeksPond tests, Ga., 1958-

.do-

- doPond tests, Ga., 1959-

50 percent

Eliminated

Fairly resistantGreenhouse tests, 10 months-.

Dewatered ditch area

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do.

Sprayed onto plants

Irrigation channels, 1-hour

exposure.

Ponds; recommended rate

Myriophyllum exalhescens (Water-milfoil)

Satisfactory

Promising

Unsatisfactory .

Research trials, N.Jdo

do

Reference

Is3

(211)

(ell)

{180)

(181)

(235) %

(236) Ö

GO

(2S6) o

(211)

(211)

mi) %

(ell) §

(181)

(180)

(lêS)

(97)

(97)

(97)
( 20

40

100

10

20

[ 40

2

0. 75-1

300

f 5

10

20

3

No kill 4-week tests, Mich_. (U4)

do

do

do

{U4)

Amitrole do

do

do -

do - -

Erbon Unsatisfactory Research trials, N.J f-w

Dichlone Trial use suggested (169)

Partial kill. _-- Irrigation channel, 1-hour exposure.

4-week tests, Mich ._

{,126)

Browned but regrowth.

do

do

UU)

Sodium aisenite do

UU)

UU)

Satisfactory Research trials, Del (97)

Esso WS-1492 20 gal 100 percent; some regrowth in 3.5

months.

Leaves green, no

growth.

15 percent kill

Leaves green, no

growth,

do

(¡¡U)

10

10

20

40

20

Aquaria tests, 4 weeks

Pond tests, applied on ice

Aquaria tests, 4 weeks

. do

(lU)

(lU)

(lU)

2, 4-D....

(U4)

Granules 20-percent granular form; recommended rate.

10-percent granular form

4-week tests, Mich __

(lU)

400 lb - do 100 percent (119)

f 10

20

40

( 1020

40

5

10

[ 20

1-2

Stems pink and weak. .

do _

(144)

2,4-D, amine__ do. (144)

do do (144)

Stems pink and weak. .

'".'.'do'.'.'."""".'".'.

4-week tests, Mich _ (144)

do

do. -.

(144)

(144)

2,4,5-T Stems white, leaves

green.

do"

Aquaria test, 4 weeks

do -

..do

(144)

(144)

(144)

Silvex Trial use suggested . . _ (169)

Myriophyllum heierophyllum (Milfoil)

2,4^D.

2,4-D, amine...

2,4-D-|-2,4,5-T_

2,4-D, lOE.

2,4,5-T, ester.

2,4,5-T, IPE

See footnotesiat end of table, p.

20

2

. 5

100 lb.

41b..

86 1b.

43 1b20 1b.

4 1b_.

Granules.

Water (1:12).

Water, 80 gal.

Granules

.do-

_doWater, 80 gal.

Water (1:20).

Complete.

100 percent.

do

100 percent; 100-percent regrowth within year.

None

100 percent.

100 percent.

do

Pond tests, applied on ice

20-percent granular form; recommended rate.

Pond test, Ga., 1959..-

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Broadcast appUcation, pond

tests, Ga.

do

.do.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond.tests,^Ga., 1959..

(144)

(197)

(335)
en

4^

TABLE 9.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Myriophyllum heterophyllum (Miifoil)-—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre > Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

P.p.m.i

1. 2

. 5

100 percent; no regrowth within year.

do

Gravity-flow application,

pond tests, Ga.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do _

{235,

236)

{235,

236)

{236)

{252)

{262)

{252)

{235)

{236)

iisi)

{236)

81b Water, 80 gal 100 percent

. 5

2

2. 5

. 2

None ; plots reinfested.

95-100 percent; plots

reinfested.

do

Pond tests N J

do

do

Silvex, PGBEE . Water (1:16)

Water (1:80)

99 percent Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Dalapori+silvex . 3 1b. + .41b do

20 gal

10 percent

DOB Killed; death 1 to 4

weeks, effective 2+

years.

f 8 1b Water, 80 gal 100 percent

do

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do Erbon _- -- -

16 lb 25 percent {236)

{251)

{182)

{131)

{125)

(ISl)

{131)

HU)

(.lU)

(U4)

(4)

2-2. 5

0. 5-0. 75

Killed Pond tests, 21 days

Dichlone Effective

TCE 20 gal 50 percent

Benoclor 3C 300 Partial kill Irrigation channel, 1-hour exposure.

Carbon bisulfide 20 gal 75 percent

Carbon tetrachloride 20 gal 50 percent

S

10

20

7

2.7-4

I 3-4

Killed tops, root

regrowth.

do.

Aquaria tests, 4 weeks

do

Sodium arsenite do

Effective Treatment of entire pond_..

Recommended rate {188)

Ponds, recommended rate (232)

Myriophyllum veriicillatum (Milfoil)

2,4-D

Sodium arsenite

Ammonium thiocyanate

5

10

10

100

100 percent.

do

100 percent.

do

Greenhouse tests, 42 days

Greenhouse tests, 10 days

Greenhouse tests, 10 days

Greenhouse tests, 28 days

(198)

(198)

(198)

(198)
Najas spp. (in most cases AT', quadalwpensis) (Naiads)

2,4-D.

2,4^D, ester2,4,D, TEA_

2,4-D, lOE.

2,4-D, NHi salt_

2,4,5-T, amine.-

2,4,5-T.-

Silvex, PGBEE.

TOA

Dalapon-l-silvex, PGBEE.

Monuron+TCA

Monuron_

Diuron

Aromatics.

Benoclor 3C

Copper sulfatéis

10

12

4.6

9.2

15.4

1.2

1. 2

300

80 Ib80 Ib24 lb_.

80 lb_-

40 Ib..

10 lb__

100 Ib.

20 1b

20, 40 1b.

20 1b

20 1b

30 1b

41b.-

241b.

20 1b.

130 1b

5 1b.-|-12 1b44 Ib.-f 88 1b50tol00gm./10sq.

meter.

25 1b

50 1b

100 1b

750 gal./35 acres-I700 gal./25 acres.

500 1b

Granules.

do...

do...

-do-

.do.

-do-

.do.

Granules.

do-..

-do-

-do-

- doWater, 80 gal.

Granules

Granules.

Water

Water

Granules.

Water.

2 percent

do

None

Effective

Some kill

Practically no effectNone

Killed

None to partialNone

20 percent--

100 percentdo

100 percent.

None

do

80 percent

100 percent; limited

regrowth within 6

months.

100 percent

None

90 percent; control

after 4 weeks.

100 percent for 1 year.

75-percent kilL

100 percent

None

90 percent-.

95 percent-..

100 percent..

Good

Eliminated..

Satisfactory.

do

90 percentTreated Feb. 12, 1958,'ria-.

Treated Mar. 7, 1958, Fla...

Treated Apr. 23, 1958, Fla—

Pond tests

do

do

20-percent granular form; recommended rate.

Pond test, N.J. {N. flexilis)...

Aquaria tests

Treated in May, checked in

6 weeks, pond test. Ark.

Drainage ditch. Ark., treated

after draining.

Hatchery ponds, Ala., drained

in 6 weeks (A'', flexilis).

Killed some fish, pond test,

Tex. (A'', guadalupensis).

Lake tests, Tex. (N. guadalupensis) .

Pond tests

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Treated Apr. 23, 1958, Fla...

Pond tests, 6 weeks

Pond tests

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Treated Apr. 23, 1958, Fla.-.

Fla. (A^. guadalupensis)

In tank, Fla. (A'', guadaluInto pond water, 7 weeks

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Drainage ditch, Fla., treated

after draining.

Ponds in Israel (A'', minor);

recommended rate.

Pond tests, N.J. (N. flexilis)...

do.

.do.

Dewatered pond bottom

Pond tests ,

Irrigation channels, 30-minute

contact.

N. flexilis

Pond tests, N.J.; 8 percent

maximum area treated one

time.

(m)

{m)

urn

(?)

(2)

(^)

{197)

{159)

{SSI)

«

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{')

(121)

{')

{')

{121)

(211)

(211)

{')

(236)

(211)

(201)

(159)

(159)

(169)

(107)

(')

(239)

(169)

>

o

WH

ö

H

ö

See footnotes at end of table, p. 69.

C71
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Najas spp. (in most cases N. quadalupensis) (Naiads)—Continued

Herbicide

Sodium arseniteSodium arsenite (Atlas "A")_

Sodium thiocyanate.

Acrolein.

Concentration

Granular chlorea

Aromatic Esso WS-1492.

Aromatic Esso WS-1494.

Aromatic Esso WS-1495-

Emul WS-1492, 77%+PCB

HT solvent 78%+PCB 18%-.

Emul WS-1492

HT solvent 41%+ drip oil

41%+PCB 13%.

Emul trichlorobenzene

Amsco HT solvent 95%.

Tar oil 78%+PCB 17%.

Tar oil 95%

Drip oil 95%.

P.p.Tn.i

8

2.5-4

1-4

2.5

2

4

8

4

9

50.3

10.6

17.6

11.6

1

2

4

87

250-300

250-300

250-300

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

Rate per acre '

20, 40, 80 lb_

393 lb.

Carrier

Granules _

Water..

dodo.

Monsanto L emul.

5%.

TritonX 155 emul.

5%.

TritonX 155 emul.

5%.

TritonX 155 emul.

5%.

Monsanto L emul.

5%.

do

Triton X 155 emul.

5%.

Control or response

KilledComplete kill.

No kill.

do.

do

100 percent.

None.

100 percent.

None

do

do

do..

Stimulated growth.

do.

do

100 percent

90 percent.

None

95 percent; 3- to 4-

month control.

Unsatisfactory

Unsatisfactory; 23-

week control.

80 percent

54 percent.

66 percent.

74 percentdo

50 percent.

66 percent.

do

do

Remarks

Pond tests, Ala

Recommended rate

2 applications, pond tests

Ponds; recommended rate

2 applications, concrete pools.

do

.do.

Gravity-flow application, pond

tests, Ga.

Farm ditch, Pia. No-flow

water,

do.

Treated Nov. 20, 1957, Fla..

do

.do.

do

Concrete pools.

do

do

Applied at pump into dug

ditch, Fla., 68-minute contact.

Applied at points in ditch,

Fla.

Treated Apr. 23, 1958, Fla....

99.5-percent aromatic, Fla.,

48+ hours contact.

77-peroent aromatic,

hours contact.

35-percent aromatic,

hours contact.

72 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

do

48+

48+

78 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

84 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

88 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

66 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

do

46 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

42 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

Reference

(309

{188

{149

(23$

(')

{')

{211

{ell

{lêi

{121

{121

{121

(?)

{')

{')

{211

{211

{121

{204

{204

{204

C5
Drip oil 74%+PCB 21% 200

200

200

200

( 200

< 400

I 800

400

125

100

do... . . ... 80 percent.. . ._ 90 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

38 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

66 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

do .

{220)

Light oil 95% Monsanto L

emul. 5%.

- _ do

66 Dercent {220)

{220)

{220)

{220)

{220)

{220)

{220)

{220)

{220)

Light oil 78%+Monsanto PCB 74 percent - ..

17%.

Phillips A.S.-D 67%+PCB do 94 percent

28%.

Triton X 155

emul. 5%.

Monsanto L emul.

5%.

do

66 percent . . 52 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, F a.

70 percent in ditch plots, 48-

hour drawdown, Fla.

do ....

Phillips A.S.-D 95%

do

Leaded gasoline + trichloro- Satisfactory; 5- to 6-

month control,

do

Organic soils, Fla . ..

benzene, sp. gr. 1.

Leaded gasoline + trichloro- do . ... ...

benzene, sp. gr. .95.

HT solvent + PCB, sp. gr. Good; 5- to 6-month

control.

do

1.15.

Potamogetón spp. (Pondweeds)

2,4-D 40 lb Granules

do

do .-

Some kill Pond tests (2)

r 20 1b

20 1b

None Lake, pH 9.1-9.3 {211) 1 100 percent Lake, pH 5.5 _ . . . {211)

2,4-D, BE 21b Water

201b Granules 100 percent _ Treated May 7, checked June

24, pond tests, Ark. 2,4^D, lOE 201b

40 to 60 lb

do

do

None . {160)

Killed do {ISO)

{')

{252)

{252)

{262)

{S62)

ft)

2,4-D, Na salt 10-15

.5

2

2.5

3

2

5

0. 5-2. 5

0. 2-0. 5

2

r

90-95 percent

None.

Pond tests

Pond tests, N.J., 3-4 weeks

do.

do

do

do..

95-100 percent

do

Silvex 95-100 percent; plants

killed.

100 percent; no regrowth in 6 months.

Unsatisfactory

0-50 percent .

Pond tests. ft)

{97)

{123)

{236)

{ell)

{211)

(2-j

Pond tests

Silvex, PGBEE Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Lake. DH 5 5 Silvex, acid, Na salt, PGBEE.. 20 1b do

I.- 201b None Lake DH 9 1-9 3

TCA 130 1b 75-percent kill

Penuron 10, 20,40 1b Mixture of pondweeds

Pond tests

{211)

{180)

{168)

(168)

Less than 10 Complete kill..

51b Initial kill; regrowth

2d year.

do

Irrieration ditnhp«?

10 1b

20 1b

40 1b

do

do .

do

{158)

{168)

{168)

{97)

{109)

(211)

80 1b do do

15 1b Unsatisfactory

f 2. 5 Killed ... Pond tests, Oreg.

io, 20, 40 îb Granules. 100 percent Mixture of pondweeds

See footnotes at end of table, p.
TABLE 9.—Ejects oj certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Potamogetón spp. (Pondweeds)—Continued

Herbicide

DCBErbon_

SimazineTOE

Chloroben (Benoclor 30).

Carbon bisulfide

Carbon tetraohloride.

Naphtha solvents

Borasou.

Copper sulfate.

KMnOiSodium arseniteSodium chlorate.

Concentration

F.p.m.'

2-3.9

2. 5

5

1. 25-6

600-1, 400

350-650

0.3-

3

-0.8

200

100

15-20

1

7

4

3.8

2-5

4-5

1-1.7

Rate per acre '

40 gal40 gal

750 gal./35 acres

+ 700 gal./25

acres.

40 gal

40 gal

960 lb.

1,920 lb.

160 lbs_

320 lbs.

640 lbsCarrier

Granules.

Water.

Control or response

Killed; death in 1-4

weeks, effective 2 or

more years.

Killed

Promising

Unaffected

Killed

Partial; from poor to

good control for 1

month.

50 percent

Satisfactory

75 percent

50 percent

Effective

Eliminated

Initial kill; regrowth

2d year,

.do

None.

Killed...

85-percent killed.

Remarks

Pond tests, 21 days

Pond tests, sprayed, N.J

Pond tests, 21 days

5 applications in enclosed pond

area, Mo.

Pond test

Pond tests, N.Y. (partial

treatments) (P. gramineus).

1-hour contact.

Irrigation ditches.

50-60 percent.

Good kill.

No kill...

100 percent.

Satisfactory..

do

Killed

Successful

Initial kill; regrowth

in 2d vear.

do.l

-do.

do

Lake tests

Pond test

Retreated 3-4 weeks; concentration maintained for 1

hour.

Retreatment necessary, concentration maintained for 1

hour.

On wet bottom of ditch

Sprayed on surface leaves

General recommendation

Gravity-flow application, pond

tests, Ga.

Pond tests, N.J

Pond tests, N.H

Ponds in Israel; recommended

rate.

Pond tests, Ala

Pond tests, Ohio (P. interior)..

Irrigation ditches

.do-

-do.

Reference

{131)

(261)

(97)

{261)

{135)

{136)

{131)

{H6)

{131)

{131) (m)

{180)

{168)

{158)

{206)

(Ue)

{239)

{')

{')

{169)

(97)

(97)

{201)

Ox

00

{158)

{158)

{158)
Delrad

Borascu

CIPO

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

2,4-D

Silvex, PGBEE.

Sodium arsenite.

0. 5-1

10

10, 20, 40 lb_

10, 20, 40 1b_

Granules,

do__.

95-100 percent.

None

100 percent

do

Pond tests, N.J

Pond tests

Mixture of pondweeds_

do

{97)

{')

{211)

{ell)

Poiamogelon amplijoliua (Pondweed)

1.5

1. 2

10 lb- Granules- Partial; regrowth in 1

month.

None

Pond tests, N.Y_

do {191)

Potamogetón compressus (Pondweed)

1. 7-2 Killed- Pond testsPoianoyclon crispus (Crinkled-leaf pondweed)

2 4-D 1.5

10

10

1

1.2

10

( 4.6

9.2

I 15.4

10

10

10

10 lb Granules Partial; regrowth in 1

month.

Killed

Pond tests, N.Y {19S)

MCP-^ Aquaria tests {234)

2 4 5-T TBP do - ---do __ - {$34)

Silvex 95-100 percent

None

Pond test, N.J., 3-4 weeks

Pond tests, N.Y

{êSê)

Silvex PGBEE {191)

IPC Arrested growth, no

kill.

90 percent

Aquaria tests {234)

25 lb Pond tests, N.J — {159)

50 lb 95 percent do {169)

100 lb 100 percent do {159)

AMS No effect Aquaria tests {234)

2 4-D TBP Killed do {234)

2'4-D' TEA""" do do {231)

500 1b --- - 98 percent; regrowth

within year.

90 Dercent

Lake tests, N.J {160)

Copper sulfate 400 lb Pond tests, N.J {159)

500 lb ------- do-- do- -- {159)

r 2.5

2.5-4

2.5

Good kill .-- - - Pond tests _ {230)

Ponds; recommended rate

...do

{188)

{232)

Potamoget on diversifoUus (Pondweed)

2 4^D acid 5

5

"ilbVgal./iÖÖ'sq'.ftl

Acetone or

ethanol.

do

Water+ Vatsol 0S_

100 percent Plastic-pool tests, Auburn,

Ala, 3 months.

do

Pond tests -- -

(^)

Silvex acid - -

Killed leaves

{')

AMS {103)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 69.

CO
Herbicide

2,4-D

2,4-D, Na salt.

Monuron

Endothal.

Aromatic solventSodium arsenite,

Delrad

Sodium borate.

2,4-D, TEA

Sodium arsenite.

Hyman P-162...

2,4-D, acetamide.

2,4-D, BEE.

TABLB d.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Potamogetón epihydrus or P. foUosus (Leafy pondweed)

Concentration

P.p.m.^

-----

7.3

24

60

120

48

25

540

600

740

2.5-4

2. 5-4

2

100

342

Rate per acre •

5 1b.

5.5 to 5.9 gal./c.f.s.

8 gal./c.f.s

10 gal./c.f.s

Carrier Control or response

95-percent kill.

100 percent

do

95-percent kill__

99-percent kill...

100-percent kill.

98-percent kill..

100-percent kill

Needed for control.

do

.do.

100-percent top kill;

100-percent regrowth.

75 percent

Potamogetón filiformis (P. interior) (Fine-leaf pondweed)

10

1.7-2

2

4.5

Killed..

do.

Good.

Potamogetón foliosus (Leafy pondweed)

101b.

20 1b.

40 1b.

10 1b.

10 1b.

20 1b.

40 lbGranulesdo...

do...

Granules.

do...

-do.

.do.

40 percent.

70 percent.

80 percent.

70 percent.

100 percent.

do

Remarks

30-minute contact

10 months, 100-percent Spirogyra.

10 months

Cuttings, 30-minute contact..

do

.do.

Rooted plants, 30-minute contact.

Rooted plants, 4-day contact..

Irrigation channel, % to 1>^

miles for 5 to 6 weeks.

Irrigation channels, up to 3

miles for 8 weeks.

Irrigation channels, up to 5

miles for 8 weeks.

Ponds; recommended rate

.....do

do ::::::

10 months

10 months, 75-peroent cover

horned pondweed.

Aquaria tests

Pond tests

Ponds; recommended rate.

Pond tests, Oreg

.do.

Treated June 20, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch, Ark.

do

do

Checked 6-10 weeks after

treated, Ark.

Treated May 26, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

do ""

Reference

(180)

(181)

(181)

(WS)

(IOS)

(IOS)

(IOS)

(117)

(117)

(117)

(188)

(188)

(S3S)

(181)

(181)

(S34)

(SSO)

(S3S)

(109)

(HS)

(S48)

(U8)

(S47)

(24S)

05

O
2,4-D, IPE2,4-D, TEA_-.

2,4,5-T, DMSSilvex.

Monuron.

Diuron.

EndothalMH

Amitrole-

10

24

60

120

48

240

25

Simazine

Coal tar naphtha solventCopper sulfate

.5

5

10

20

40

80

8.2 1b.

6.9 lb.

5.6 1b.

4.9 lb.

3.5 Ib101b20 1b40 1b.

10 1b20 1b40 1b_

10 1b20 lb—

40 lb—

36.1 Ib10 1b—

20 1b.

40 1b248.1 Ib10 lb...-

20 1b40 1b10 1b20 1b

40 1b

159.4 gal195 lbGranules.

do--.

do-.

Granules.

do...

do...

Granules.

.do.

-doGranules

-

do--

do-.

Granules-

do-.

do-..

Granules-

Water-

-do.

.do-

-do-

-do-

-do100 percent.

do

95 percent--

100 peroent15 percent--

Killed

30 percent--

70 peroent90 percent50 percent60 percent80 percent30 percent50 percent60 percentNone

Nonedo

do

95 percent--

99 percent--

100 percent98 percent.-

100 percentdo

None

20 percent40 percent70 percent10 percent30 percent50 percentNone

Good- . doVery poordo--.

do---

do--.

None

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure,6 weeks.

do

-do.

.do.

-doAquaria tests

Treated June 20, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

.do.

Treated June 5, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

.doTreated June 20, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch, Ark.

do

-doGreenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure,6 weeks.

Treated June 20, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch, Ark.

"""dor

Excised,5 weeks-

.do.

.do.

Rooted plants,5 weeks.

.do.

.do.

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure,6 weeks.

Treated June 20, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch, Ark.

do..

.do.

Treated July 18, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch, Ark.

do

do

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure,6 weeks.

Beaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do.

-do-

-do-

-do- _ doGreenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure,6 weeks.

U81)

(181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{H8)

{181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

{181)

(181)

(H8)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

See footiiotes]at2end of table, p. 69.

OS
TABLE 9.—Eßects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Coutinued

Potamogetón foUosiis (Leafy pondweed)—Continued

Herbicide

Sodium arsenite.

Delrad

PBA, dimethylamine___

2,3,6 TEA, sodium salt.

Concentration

P.p.mJ

5

10

20

40

80

1. 7-2

2.

1-1.

CIPC.

Kerosene.

Benzene.

Monoohlorobenzene_

50

100

200

400

800

5

50

100

200

400

800

5

50

100

200

400

800

Rate per acre '

307.2 lb.

10 lb.-..

20 1b.

40 1b.

10 1b.

20 1b.

40 1b.

101b.

Carrier

Water.

.do.

-do.

-do.

-do-

-do..

-do.

Granules.

do-.

do-..

Granules.

20 1b40 1bdo-.

do...

Granules.

do.

do.

Water..

-do-

-do.

.do.

do.

doWater..

_do-

.do.

.do.

do.

doj

Water..

-do.

-do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

Control or response

CompleteGood. .

Partial.

do.

do

Poor

Killed

Good kill...

Successful..

100 percent70 percent..

100 percent.

do

60 percent..

70 percent.

90 percent.

20 percent.

40 percent...

60 percent...

Only partial.

do

do

do

do

do

Only partial.

.do.

.do.

.do.

Good.

do.

Good..

-do.

do...

Complete.

.do.

.do.

Remarks

Beaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do

.do-

.do_

.do.

do

Pond tests,

.do.

Pond tests, Ohio

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-

hour exposure, 6 weeks.

Treated June 5, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch. Ark.

do

-do.

Treated June 5, checked Sept.

18, drainage ditch, Ark.

do

.do.

Treated July 18, checked

Sept. 18, drainage ditch,

Ark.

do

.do.

Beaker tests, excised plants,

30-minute contact.

do

.do.

-do.

-do.

.doBeaker tests, excised plants,

30-minute contact.

do

-do-

-do-

.do-

. doBeaker tests, excised plants,

30-minute contact.

do

-doBeaker tests, SO.minute contact, 6 weeks.

do .

do

Reference

(181)

^181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(230

(230

(227

(181

{248

(248

(248

(S48[

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

(181

05
s Dichlorobenzene.

Trichlorobenzene.

Polvuhlorobeiizeiu'.

Toluene. X viene.

Trimethvl benzeneCommercial #1.

50

100

200

400

8005

50

100

200

400

8005

50

100

200

400

8005

50

100

200

400

8005

50

100

200

400

8005

50

100

200

400

8005

50

100

200

400

800

Water.

-do.

.do.

.do-

-dodoWater--

.do-

.do-

.dododoWater-,

-do.

-do-

.dododoWater.-

-do-

.do-

.do-

.... do.

doWater.-

.do.

253.3 galdo.

dododoWater.

-do.

.do.

.do.

dodo.

Water..

Complete.

do--.

do.

do.

do.

do.

PartialVery goodComplete-.

do

dodo.

Partial.

Very poor.

Very goodVery poor.

Very goodComplete-.

Good

Poor

Good--

doComplete.

do-.-

Poor

Completedo...

do--.

do--.

do...

None

Partial.

do.

Complete.

Good

Complete.

do...

-do.

.do.

-do.

-do-

.do.

Partial-

do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

Beaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do

.do.

.do.

.do- - doBeaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do

.do.

-do.

-do.

.doBeaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do

-do-

-do.

-do.

.doBeaker tests, 30-minute contact, G weeks.

do

-do-

.do.

-do.

.doBeaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do

..do

..do

..do

do

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-

hour exposure,6 weeks.

Beaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks,

do.

.do.

.do.

.do-

.do.

Beaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do

-do.

-do.

-do-

-doU81)

{181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

See footnotes at end of table, p.

05

OS
TABLE 9.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Potamogetón foliosus (Leafy pondweed —Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre > Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

P.V.m.^

5

50

100

200

400

{ 800

Water— __ Partial Beaker tests, 30-minute contact, 6 weeks.

do

do

do

do

do

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

U81)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

Commercial #2. - - _

do

do

do

do

do

-:---do

do

Good

do

Partial

Na PCP . 154.4 1b

2,4-D..

Silvex, PGBEE.

Copper sulfate __

2,4-D.

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, Na salt2,4-D, TBP....

Monuron.

MH

AMS„._

Potamogetón natans (Pondweeds)

1.5

1.2

10 1b..

500'lb".

Granules. Partial; regrowth in 1

month.

None

90 percent

Pond tests, N.Y_

do

Ponds tests, N.J.

(192)

(191)

(159)

Potamogetón nodosus (P. americanus) (American pondweed)

80. 1

Less than 10

7. 4

12 lb...

26.2 lb_

23.11b.

21.6 1b.

18.71b.

16.8 Ibis. 6 lb.

11.81b.

11.4 1b.

9.4 1b..

9.2 lb._

101b...

101b...

21.5 lb.

16.8 lb.

1 Ib./gal./lOO sq.

ft,

Granules.

Granules.

Water + Vatsol

OS,

95-peroent kill.

100 percent

do

do..-.

90 percent.

95 percent.

do

do

do

85 percent.-

75 percent..

100 percentNo regrowth.

None

100 percent..

Küled

100 percentNone

Killed leaves.

30-minute contact

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

do

.do.

.do-

-do.

.do-

.do-

.do-

.do.

.do.

10 months, tank covered with

Spirogyra.

Sprayed on dry pond bottom.

Applied to filled pond

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Irrigation channels

10 months

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Pond tests

(180)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(231)

(Ml)

(181)

(180)

(181)

(181)

(103)

OS
Aromatic solvent 740 10 gal./c.f.s Needed for control

60 percent

Irrigation channels, to 5 miles

for 8 weeks, 30-minute contact.

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Recommended rate

{117)

{181)

{188)

{232)

{S30)

{181)

{181)

Copper sulfate 4921b

f 2.5-4

{ 2.5

I 1. 7-2

( 66.3

50

Sodium arsenite __ _ _ Ponds; recommended rate

Killed Pond tests -- ._

None .. - 10 months - ._ -

- - do - 100-percent tops; complete regrowth.

100 percent

do

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Irrigation channels _ _-

Delrad - -

658.11b--. {181)

{181)

{180)

BHC (a) ' 1,277.6 lb

Sodium borate f 350-650

t 458

Killed

do 10 months - {181)

Potamogetón pectinatus {P. pectinatus var. interruptus) (Sago pondweed)

2,4-D 15 1b 90-percent kill 30-minute contact. .. ... {180)

144. 4

20

100 percent- - - 10 months, replaced by Spirogyra.

10 months. ..

{181)

2,4-D, acid

- -- do do-.-- {181)

38.4 1b - -- 100 percent -_ Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

do -- -

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181}

{181)

{181)

{181)

38.1 lb 100 percent -

33.1 lb do

22.5 lb . 95 percent do

21.6 1b

20.41b

17.5 1b Il-I-do--"--!------"-

do

dodo .

2,4-D, IPE 16.6 lb 90 percent

do . .

do

15.71b.- do {181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

13.6 lb 95 percent

80 percent

do

11.41b .. . do .

11.3 lb - 85 percent

95 percent

do

10.81b.-- --- do

10.61b 80 percent do

8.1 lb - 90 percent

70 percent

do

5.5 1b do

76.6

25

Less than 10

8.3

9.2

Granules

do ----

100 percent 10 months, some blue-green

algae.

10 months

2,4-D, Na salt ^_-

" killed-IIII "" "I "m

{181)

{180)

{181)

(181)

Irrigation channels

Granules

-- do

100 percent . 10 months

do. do

50 1b— Resistant Pond tests, N.J {159)

{159)

{159)

75 1b ...do . .

. .,- 1001b- do

See fpotnotes at end of table, p, 6».

05
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued 05

Potamogetón pedinatus {P. pectina us var. interruptus) (Sago pondweed)—Continued

, „ Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

P.p.m.'

24

. ; 60

SO

240

240

120

240

480

960

1

2. 5

5

10

15

2.5

25

'

25-percent kill

60-percent kill

Rooted plants, 30-minute contact.

_ do. - - _--

(iO?)

(lOê)

100-percent kill

99-percent kill

100-percent kill

do - ...

Rooted plants, 4-day contact.-

Rooted plants, 30-minute contact.

do

Rooted plants, 60-minute contact.

do

do

do ---

{102)

{10$)

{102)

{102)

Endothal

do

do

do

{102)

{102)

{102)

99 percent Rooted plants, 3-week contact, 5 weeks to 3 months.

do

do

do

{181)

^ -

100 percent

'/.'"doy.v.'.y.i'.i'.y.i'-

{181)

{181)

{181)

98 percent Rooted plants, 4-hour contact, 5 weeks to 3 months.

Rooted plants, 24-hour contact, 5 weeks to 3 months.

do - --

{181)

do {181)

100 percent . {181)

10 to 26 lb , Partial; regrowth in 3

weeks to 2 months.

Needed for control

do

Drained irrigation ditch

Irrigation channels, 30-minute

contact, 8 weeks.

do -- -

{135)

600

740

300

300

8 1 eal /c f s

{117)

10 cal /c.f.s {117) Aromatic solvent Satisfactory

Intermediate

Irrigation channels, 30-minute

contact.

Irrigation channels, 1-hour

contact.

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

do

do

{239)

{126)

577.1 gal None, {181)

333.7 1b --- None

do

{181)

/~i ir 4. 196.6 lb {181)

300 lb - - Resistant Pond tests, N.J {159)

500 1b do do {159)

r 1.7-2 Killed Pond tests {230)

{181) Sodium arsenite 517.1 lb . 75 percent Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour 1

59.3

26.6

100

Granules 30 percent; 70-percent

regrowth.

None; 100-percent regrowth.

98-percent top kill; 100-

percent regrowth.

100 percent

exposure, 6 weeks.

10 months {180)

do - {181)

Delrad -

do - {181)

432.2 1b . Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

{181) JNa rUr
Sodium borate

1 427

1 350-650

Granules do 10 months, 100-percent cover

of horned pondweed.

Irrigation channels

{181)

a

Killed {180)

Potamogetón pusillus (Pondweed)

Monuron

Copper sulfate4.6

9.2

15.4

{:::

25 Ib--

50 Ib100 lb300 lb_

500 lb90 percent..

95 percent-.

100 percent90 percent-.

do

Pond tests, N.J.

do

do

Pond tests, N.Jdo

{159)

{1B9)

{159)

{159)

{169)

Potamogetón richardsonii (Richardson's pondweed)

2,4-D.

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, Nasalt.-.

Monuron

Aromatic solvent.

Copper sulfate..

Sodium chlorate.

Sodium borate.

114

Less than 10

740

300

350-650

643

2,4-D

Silvex, PGBEE-.

Monuron

Copper sulfate--

1.5

1. 2

71b.—

54.1 Ib41.7 Ib37.5 Ib27.1 Ib22.6 Ib15.1 lb.

12 1b...

11.3 1b.

9.3 1b..

7.1 lb-,

6.1 lb..

g.9 1b-.

5.51b..

4.6 1b..

10 gal./c.f.s.

300 1b

2,507.1 lb.

85-percent kill.

100 percent

-do95 percent-.

90 percent-.

85 percent--

100 percent95 percent..

100 percentdo

50 percent--

10 percent..

40 percent--

30 percent..

100 percent

Killed

Needed for controlSatisfactory

90 percent..

100 percentKilled

Killed; regrowth

stunted.

30-minute contact

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

do

.do-

.do.

.do-

-do-

-do-

.do.

.do-

.do.

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

10 months, 100-percent cover

of Spirogyra.

Irrigation channel

Irrigation channel, 30-minute

contact.

Irrigation channels, 30-minute

contact.

Pond tests, N.J

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Irrigation channel

10 months

a.

{180)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181) g

{181) "

{181) W

{181) g

{181) §

{181) S

{181) g

{181) §

{180) ö

{117) ï5

{159)

{181)

{180)

{181)

Potamogetón robbinsii (Pondweed)

10 1b.

75 Ib100 Ib400 Ib500 IbGranules. Partial; regrowth in 1

month.

None

95 percent

do .---

90 percent -.-

do

Pond tests, N.Ydo

Pond tests, N.J-.

do

Pond tests, N.J..

.-.--do-:'. --

{19ê)

{191)

{159)

{169)

{159)

(159)

Sec footnotes at end ot table, p.69. ^
TABLE 9.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on submerged weeds—Continued

Potamogetón spirillus (Pondweed)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre Carrier Control or responae Remarks Reference

2,4,5-T

P.Tp.m.^

100 gal Diesel fuel Good kill Sprayed on dewatered pond

area.

Pond tests _

{')

AMS.._ 1 lb./gal./200 sq. ft. Poor (')

Potamogetón vaseyi (Pondweed)

Monuron

Copper sulfate75 lb__

100 lb_

400 lb500 lb.

95 percentdo

90 percentdo---

Pond tests, N.J.

do

Pond tests, N.J.

do

{159)

{169)

{169)

{169)

00

Utricularia spp. (Bladderworts)

2,4-D

2,4-D, lOE....

2,4,5-T, amine_

Silvex

Silvex, PGBEE.

Erbon

Benoclor 3C_

2. 5-3

0. 3-0. 5

2

1

1.2

20 1b.

20 1b.

86 1b.

40 1b.

41b_-

4 1b.

2-2. 5

Sodium arsenite.

Chlorea4

2. 5

750 gaI./35 acres

-f 700 gal./25

acres.

860 lb_

860 lbGranules.

do--

do.--

do

Water, 80 gal.

Water, 80 gal.

Granules,

do--

None

75 percent

100 percent; no regrowth 2d year.

do

76 percentSatisfactory...

80-90 percent.

50 percent

100 peroentdo-.-.

50-100 percent

Partial; only checked

growth.

Killed

Satisfactory

Partial kill.

100 percentdo

None; regrowth 2d

year.

None

-do.

Pond tests, N.Y

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Pond tests, Ga., treated 1958.

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Research trials, N.J

Pond tests

Gravity-flow application,

pond tests, Ga.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Gravity-flow application,

pond tests, Ga.

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Pond tests, N.Y

Pond test

Pond test, N.YPond tests

Ponds; recommended rate

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Gravity-flow application,

pond tests, Ga.

Pond tests, Ga., treated 1958.

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

do

{192)

mi)

{Ml)

{236)

{97)

{lêS)

{211)

(.191)

{261) me)

SSI

{236)
Esso WS-1492. 20 gaL 100 percent; some regrowth in 3.5

months.

Vallisneria americana (V. spiralis) (Eelgrass)

SilvexMonuron.

Copper sulfateDelrad 70

Sodium chlorate.

0.5

2.5

. 3

.5

400 Ib75 lb-.

100 lb_

300 lb_

500 Ib2Ö5"lbl Water, 200 gal,__

None ^_

95-100 percent50 percent

Unsatisfactory.

Nontoxic

Resistant

do

90 percent

do-.

unsatisfactory

Killed tops; regrowth

in 2 weeks.

Pond tests, N.J., 4 weelts

do

Pond tests

As spray, research trials, N.J.

Pond tests, N.J

do

8 percent

treated at

do

Pond tests, N.J.:

maximum area

one time.

Pond tests, N.J

Research trials, N.J

In pond, resprayed in 3 days

(97)

U59)

{159)

[169)

{159)

{169)

{97)

{168)

Zannichellia palustris (Horned pondweed)

2,4-D 7 lb. or less {181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{181)

{180)

{117)

{117)

/ 13.5 lb 100 percent Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-

hour exposure, 6 weeks.

do.

dodo

2, 4-D, IPE 12.4 1b

10.8 1b

7.2 1b (Jo

NaTCA 328.5 Ib- Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-hour

exposure, 6 weeks.

Monuron. . _ Less than 10

400

. 600

740

300

300

Killed

5.5 to 5.9 gal./c.f.s.

8.1 gal./c.f.s

10 gal./c.f.s

Needed for control

y.y.ido'/'.'.y.'/.'.y.y.'.i

Irrigation channels, from % to

IH miles, 5-6 weeks.

Irrigation channels, 8 weeks..

Irrigation channels, up to 5

miles.

Irrigation channels, 30-miñute

contact.

Irrigation channels, 1-hour

contact.

Greenhouse tests, 2- to 6-

hour exposure, 6 weeks.

do

Aromatic solvent .

{117)

{339)

{125)

{181)

Benoclor 3C Efifective

447 1b None

Copper sulfate . .

356.1 lb 60 percent . {181) Sodium {188) arsenite .. 2.5-4

-

' Except as indicated.

> AURUKN UNIVERSITT. DATA ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN PONDS. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta.,

Farm Ponds Proj., Unpublished Ann. Epts. 1946-61.

ä Personal correspondence from T. W. Wright. 1968.

' Personal communication from C. W. Wilde, Bd. Fisheries and Game, Conn.

05
TABLE 10.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on emergent weeds

Brasenia schrebari (Watershield)

Herbicide

2,4-D, amine.

2,4-D

2,4-D, Dowanol2,4-D, PGBEE..

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D-lOE

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D-}-2,4,5-T.

2,4,5-T, ester.

2,4,5-T

SilvexSilvex, PGBEE

Silvex, acid, Na salt, PGBEE.

Dalapon

Monuron.

MH

Amitrole

Erbon

Benoclor 30.

Copper sulfate- -

Sodium arseniteConcentration

P.p.m.

I. 5

Rate per acre

4 1b3 1b10 1b10 1b

20 lb

4.8 1b-__

6 to 8 lb240 lb--_

10, 15, 20 Ib6 to 8 Ib4 1b

41b

41b

16 1b

4 lb. (each).

1.5, 3 Ib10 1b—.

20 1b...-

16 Ib-.-

10 Ib75 Ib100 Ib20 Ib20 Ib81b-..

20 gal400 Ib500 lbCarrier

Water (1:100).

Water (1:80)-

Granules.

do-..

do

Diesel fuel,

do.

Granules.

do...

Diesel fuel

Water, 80 gal.

-do.

_do-

- doWater

Granulesdo--.

Water, 80 gaL

Water

Control or response

50 percent

None; 100-percent regrowth following

year.

Killed; some regrowth

within 1 month.

20 percent

100 percent

90-100 percent

Good

90 percent; regrowth

2d year.

60-100 percent; regrowth 25-100 percent same year.

Pair

100 percent

do

95 percent..

100 percent-.

Satisfactory.

100 percent-.

Water

Water, 80 gal.

100 percent; no regrowth in 2d year.

75-100 percent

82 percent

100 percent

None

Remarks

Treated July 25, Ky..

Pond tests, Ga., 1958.

Pond tests, N.Y.

Pond, pH 6.8-7.0-

Lake, pH 5.5

Pond tests

do.

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Pond tests

Spray application, 2 ponds,

Ga.

do

-do.

.doResistantResistantdo100-percent top kill;

regrowth in 3

months.

25 percent.

100-percent top kill;

regrowth in 3.5

months.

Resistant

do

None

Research trials, 2 applications,

N.Y.

Pond tests, Mass., treated

July 15.

Pond tests, Ga., treated 1958-.

4 pond tests, Ga., 1959

Pond, pH 6.8-7.0

Lake, pH 5.5

Spray application, 2 ponds,

Ga.

Pond tests

Pond tests, N.J

do

Refuge trials

Reference

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Spray application, 2 ponds,

Ga.

Pond tests, N.J.

do

Pond tests.

mi) mi)

mo)

{')

(,$36)

{')

(SS7)

{97)

mi)

mi) mi) mi)

o

{S10)

{159)

{159)

{ÎH)

{UO)

>

O

S) h-l

o

d

>

Ö

w

o

o

M

CO

ö

{lêS) H

o

%

W

O

d

{170)
Chloroben. 750 gal./35 acres

+ 700 gal./25

acres.

Satisfactory, Pond tests, N.Y.

Naslurlium officinale (Watercress)

2,4-D

2,4-D, free acid.

2,4-D, IPE

Diuron

DGB

Borascu

DelradMonuron (CMU).

Sodium borate

4-6

223. 7

'"Ú'%

736

13

39.9

12.8

10-19

736

16 1b_

3"lb-"

Granules.

Granules.

GranulesGranules.

100 percentdo

do

No effect

75 percent

Eliminated

75 percent; 25-percent

regrowth.

100 percent; replaced

by Spirogyra.

Killed

100 percent

Ponds; recommended rate.

Irrigation channels

Irrigation channels

do

do

75-percent Spirogyra, greenhouse tests, 10 months.

Greenhouse tests, 10 months.

Dewatered area

me)

Ludwigia paLustris (Waterpurslane)

10

3.4

Killed -- Pond tests, Oreg-- - . (109)

ftoriinm arspnitp Ponds; recommended rate (SSS)

(.181)

{180)

(181)

(lU)

(180)

(180)

(181)

(181) >

(180) >

(181) S

O

M

Ö

Nwphar advena (Spatterdock)

2,4-D-|-wetting agent.

2,4-D.

2,4-D, Dowanol2,4-D

2,4-D, ester

2,4-D, TEA

2,4-D, TBP

2,4-D + AMS

See footnotes at end of table, p. 78.

10

12 1b. (each).

12 1b. (each).

12 1b. (each).

20, 40 1b.

81b

5 lb (each)-.

5 lb (each)..

4 to 81b....

20 1b

43.6 1b

21.81b

4.2 1b

8.41b

8 to 12 1b_._

8 to 12 1b.__

5 1b. + 75 1b4 lb.-f-75 lbWater -t- Tween

20.

Du Pont W-S+

water.

Water

Granules.

Oil

Water.,

.do.

Oil.

Granules.

do...

do

Kerosene

Water+Tide_

Kerosene

do

Water

Water+ detergent.

Poor.

.do.

Poor.

Effective.

80, 90 percent; took 7

weeks.

Unsatisfactory

do.

do

80 percent

2 percent

None

3 percent

None

Killed leavesdo

95 percent

1st series, 1 application in

Mar., 2d series, 2 applications Apr. and Julv.

do

1st series, 1 application in

Mar., 2d series, 2 applications Apr. and July.

Greenhouse tests, regrowth

retreated.

Fla

2 treatments

4-6 treatments over 2-3 years.

Ponds; recommended rate

Lake, pH 5.5

Treated Mar. 5, 1958, Fla....

Treated Mar. 25, 1958, Fla...

Treated Aug. 26, 1957, Fla...

Treated Dec. 17, 1957, Fla...

Pond tests

do.

AMS applied 1 month after

2,4-D.

AMS applied 1 month after

2,4-D; recommended rate.

(UO)

(HO)

(198)

(ell)

(174)

(174)

(174)

M

O

ö

(ni)

(121)

(ni)

(isi)

{121)

(174)

{216)
TABLE 10.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on emergent weeds—Continued to

Nuphar advena (Spatterdock)—Continued

Herbicide

2,4-D, PGBEE

2,4-D, BEE (invert.)-

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D+2,4,5-T

2,4,5-T

Silvex.

Silvex, PGBEE.

Silvex, acid, Na salt, PGBEE.

Dalapon

Monuron

AMS

Copper sulfate—

Sodium arsenits-.

HCA

Aqua San 4-2,4-D.

Altacide-f-2,4-D...

Granular chlorea..

Veon 100

Ammonium thiocyanate.

Concentration

P.p.m.

1-2. 5

. 5

1. 2

100

50

100

Rate per acre

20, 40 lb.

10 1b

5 1b

4 to 8 1b—.

2 to 4 1b-_--

3.34 1b

10 1b

5 lb

21.8 1b

4 lb. (each).

20 1b_

80 1b20, 40 lb.

20 1b.

20 1b.

20 1b.

150 lb.

400 lb.

500 lb.

160 lb.

25 1b..

10 lb..,

454 Ib499 lb.

10 lb..

Carrier

Granules.

Kerosene -|- water _ Water

do

do

Oil, 4 gal

Kerosene

do

Granules

Water

Water-I-Tide.

Water

Granules.

Undiluted

Granules

Water, 11 gal.

Water

Detergent.

Water..

do.

do.

Water-t-TideControl or response

40 and 90 percent;

took 7 weeks.

3 percent

Poor to 90 percentGood kill

Good

None

5 percent

3 percent

3 percent

Satisfactory

do

100 percent

Satisfactory

5-10 percent

70 percent

Killed

50-80 percent; after 7

weeks.

50 percent

80 percent

Unsatisfactory

Ineffective

90 percent

Killed tops; regrowth

from roots.

Resistant

.do

Partial.

None . .

do2 percent..

do

do

3 percent..

IneffectiveRemarks

FlaTreated June 12, 1958, Fla...

Pond tests

do

20 acres, air treatment, Fla.-

Treated Aug. 26, 1957, Fla..

Treated Sept. 4, 1957, Fla...

Treated Mar. 25, 1958, Fla..

Research trials, N.J., 2 applications.

Research trials, N.J

Pond tests. Mass

Pond tests, NE

Treated Apr. 25, 1958, Fla—

Treated Aug. 1, 1958, Fla...

Pond tests, N.Y

Fla

Injected into water, Fla.

Lake, pH 5.5

Research trials in field..

Research trials, SE

Pond tests, N.J

Pond tests

Pond tests, N.J

do

Greenhouse tests, 42 days..

Treated Sept. 4, 1957, Fla..

Treated Feb. 7, 1958, Fla...

.do.

Treated Apr. 7, 1958, Fla ...

do

Treated Apr. 25, 1958, Fla...

Greenhouse tests, 28 days

Nymphaea spp. (Waterlilies)

2,4-D.

1.5-3.1 10 to 20 lb.

2 1b

8 1b-.

400 lb.

100 lb.

Granules.

Oil

10 percent

granules.

20 percent

granules.

100 percent; good for

1 season.

Practically eradicated.

Retarded

Pond tests, N.Y.

Reference

mi)

(121)

UU)

(149)

(149)

(211)

(121)

(121)

(121)

(97)

(97) M

(123) 5!

(148) §

^1^1) S

(121) S

(177) O

(211) W

(211) ?

(211) P°

(99) a

(99) §

(159) ^

(IOS) í^

(159) %

(159) .

(198) S

(121) W

(121) S

(121) a

(121) 5

(121) d

(im g

(198)

Wetting agent, (white waterlilies) ; trial use suggested.

Ponds; recommended rate

Pond tests, Mass., 1 year

(192)

(169)

(119)

(197)
2,4-D, PGBEE.

2,4-D, TBP

Silvex_

Silvex, PGBEE,

Amitrole

Erbon_

Benoclor 3CCopper sulfate.

Sodium arsenite

Mixed triehlorobenzoic acid_

2,4-D.

2,4-D, BE.

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D, Nasalt.

Dalapon

Amitrole

AMS

Sodium arsenite.

2,4-D, invert.

2,4-D, amine.

2,4-D, ester-.

2,4-D

See footnotes of end oí table, p. 78.

16

4.8 1b

8 to 12 Ib4 to 12 lb.

750 gal./35 acres

-1-700 gal./25

acres.

6 lb. or more.

Diesel fuel.

Kerosene..

Water.

90-100 percentKilled

100 percentKilledKilled.

.do.

Satisfactory.

None.

doNone. .

Pond tests

2 resprays on regrowth in 15

days (banana waterlilies).

Pond tests, Mass., treated in

July or Sept.

Dow Chem. Trial use suggested.

Pond tests, N.Y

Trial use suggested (yellow

waterlilies).

Dow Chem. Trial use sugPond tests, 21 days (yellow

waterlilies).

Pond tests, 21 days (white

waterlilies).

Pond test, N.Y

Pond tests (white and yellow

waterlilies).

Pond tests

Pond tests

Trial use suggested

Nymphaea mexicana, adórala, tuberosa (White waterlily)

81b.

41b.

4 1b

8 1b

8 1b .,

8 to 12 lb.

4 to 8 lb..

4 to 8 lb..

10 1b

20 1b

10 1b.

KeroseneWater,

-do.

Diesel fuel.

Water

Diesel fuel.

Water

.do

-do.

-doEradicated.

Killed leaves; some

regrowth.

Killed leaves

do

do

Good

90-100 percent.

Killed leaves

Resistant

Killed some leaves.

No kill of roots

Repeated spraying for 2 or

more years.

Pond tests

-do.

.do-

.do.

-do

Pond tests.

-do.

.do.

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Pond tests

do

Nymphaea odorata (White waterlily)

0.7

41b.

8 1b3.34 1b.

151b _.

Water, 100 gal...

Water

None.

.do.

100 percent.

75 percent..

60 percent-.

Treated July 10, checked

Oct. 1, refuge,

.do.

Pond tests, Ga

Treated Aug. 13, sprayed, Ga.

Rpfuge re.=:efirch trials

(SIO)

(169)

{191)

(169)

(169)

(m)

(m)

(H6)

(118)

(170)

(169)

{174) H

to

{231) M

(') i

(H9) %

(210) >

(')

{SIO)

[210)

(êsi)

(SSO)

(S4B)

{236)

(326)

(240)

Oí
--a

TABLE 10.—Ejects of certain aquatic herbicides on emergent weeds—Continued

Nymphaea odorata (White waterlily)—Continued

Herbicide

2,4-D + wetting agent.

2,4-D.

2,4-D, lOE....

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D + 2,4,5-T_

2,4-D -f 2,4,5-T -|- dalapon

-I- Tide.

2,4,5-T

2,4,5-T, BEE.

Silvex, invertConoentratior

P.p.m.

Rate per acre

4 to 12 lb_

4 to 12 lb8 1b.

8 1b.

2 1b2 1b.

2 1b_

2 1b.

2 1b_

39.9 lb.

99.7 1b-..

15, 20 lb.

51b

20 1b

3.341b. (each).

3.34 lb.

4 1b....

3 lb. -I- 7.5 lb.

+ 3 1b.

3 lb. -I- 15 lb.

+ 3 1b.

6 lb. + 15 lb.

+ 3 1b.

41b

4 1b8 lbCarrier

Water-t-Tween 20

(3%).

Water-l-Du Pont

W-S.

Water H-Tween 20.

Water-f Du Pont

W-S.

Water + Tween

20.

Water -1- Du Pont

W-S.

Water -|- Tergitol.

do

Water

Granulesdo...

.do.

-do.

Oil.

.do.

.do.

Water, 80 galWater, 80gaL.

-do.

Control or response Remarks Reference

Fair-

-do-

-do-

-do95 percentdo

do

90 percent

95-100 percent.

90 percent

98 percent.-

100 percent.

do

50 percent

95 percent tops,

0 percent roots.

100 percent tops,

96 percent roots.

100 percent

Applied in Apr.

do

Applied in Augdo

Sprayed from May to Aug.,

Brasenia not killed.

do

.do-

-do.

Sprayed from May to Aug.,

Brasenia not killed.

Treated Aug. 7, checked,

Oct. 1, refuge,

.do.

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

.do.

3 air treatments, Fla1 air treatment, Fla-.

-do.

do

Water, 80 gaL

Water (1:40)..

-do.

.do.

100 percent100 percent; 99-percent regrowth same

year.

None

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do

.do.

-do.

(gês)

(211)

{Z36)

-doSpray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond test, Ga., 1959

Treated July 10, checked

Oct. 1, refuge.

do

(ZS6)

(.U^)

O

1^

{SU) M

a

a

o

o

W

ö

H

Id

H

O

t

w

til
Silvex_

Silvex, PGBEE_

Dalapon

Dalapon + erbon_

MH.

Erbon.

Simazine

Benoclor 3C.

2,3,6 TBA

Esso WS-1492.

0. 5-2. 5

.5

2

2.5

3

Monuron. 10

2,4-D, BE_

Silvex

See footnotes at end of table, p. 78.

8 lbalb.

6 lbalb.

2.5 1b

5"to 2Ôïb---y

15 lb. + 6 lb.

15 1b20 1b80 to 160 Ib6 1b

8 lb—

2 lb...

50 lb..

150 lb.

20 gal.

1.5 lb.

6 to 30 lb...

1.5 to 12 1b1.5 to 3 1b-.

6 to 30 Ib-.-

20 gal

Water, 80 gal.

do.

Water..

100 percentdo

90+ percent.

Satisfactory

do

Partial

95-100 percentdo

Water (1:160).

Water

Water

Water, 80 gal.

Water..

doWater

Water, 80 gal.

do

do

Water (1:5).

Granules

Water

.do--.

.do.._

do

100 percent.

do

None

50 pereent40 percent

100-percent top kill;

short control,

regrowth in 3

months.

Unsatisfactory

Erratic

25 percent

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

-doSprayed on leaves, 4 weeks,

pond tests, N.J.

Research trials, N.Y

Research trials, N.J

Pond tests, N.J

do

do

do

Pond tests, Ga_

.doTreated July 28, plants in

bloonm.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Refuge research trials, S.C

100 percent

50 percent

100 percent

10 percent

100-percent top kill;

regrowth in 3.5

months.

Fair

Complete kill

Ineffective

Fair to good

100 percent

100-percent top kill;

regrowth in 3

months.

Research trials, spray, N.J

Treated May 11, ditch test-..

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do

.do.

Pond test, Ga., 1959.

do

Treated June 23, plants in

bloom, young growth,

do.

Treated May 31, older growth.

Plants less than 1 year old

do

Wildlife refuge

Oenanthe sp. (Waterparsley)

Killed. Pond tests, Oreg.

Peltandra virginica (Arrow-arum)

8 to 12 lb—

80 to 160 lbWater--

do.

Good- -

ErraticPond tests

Treated May 17, field tests,

Ga.

{189)

(97)

(97)

(HI)

(ZU)

(87)

(Ul)

(S36)

(336)

(esö)

(êSâ)

(U9)

(HD

(109)

(149)

(101)

>

d

o

W

ttí

u

o

(241) >

(HD t|

(HD ^

' )
TABLE 10.—Effects oj certain aqtMtic herbicides on emergent weeds—Continued

05

Pistia stratiotes (Waterlettuee)

Herbicide

2,4-D, esters

2,4-D, invert., PGBEE_

2,4-D, invert., BEE

2,4-D, alkanolamineMCPA

2,4,5-T, invert., PGBEE.

2,4,5-T, invert., BEE

Silvex, invert., BEE

Simazine

Simazine (WP).

Atrazine (WP).

Diquat

Aqua San-I-2,4-D.

Aqua San

Concentration

P.p.m.

Rate per acre

8tol21b__

13.3 1b

4.8 lb

10 1b

10 to 15 lb.

8 to 10 lb.

41b

10 to 15 lb...

20 1b

13.3 to 20 Ib5 to 35 lb....

20 to 25 lb.

20 1b

3 to 5 lb...

20 1b.

20 1b.

32 1b.

Carrier

Oil.

Kerosene+ water.

do

Water.

Water.

Water.

Water.-

do.

Water.

Control or response

90 percent

1-2 percent

80 percent

80 percent; mature

plants killed.

None; slight necrosis.

60 percent; regrowth

in 6 weeks.

70-90 percent .

20 percent

70-90 percent

50-100 percent

80 percent

100 percent; rapid

kill.

8 percent

5 percent

2 percent

Remarks

Recommended rate

Tests in Fla

Treated July 28, 1958, Fla....

Treated June 16, 1958, Fla...

Fla

Fla.

Tests in Fla...

do

do

Recommended

trials.

Tests in Fla...

do

do

rate; India

Treated Mar. 18, 1958, Fla.

Treated Mar. 26, 1958, Fla.

Treated Apr. 25, 1958, Fla.

Reference

{ell)

{ell)

{121)

{121)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{121)

{121)

{121)

Ranunculus a juatilis (White watercrowfoot)

TVIonuron 10

2.5

300-400

3

Küled Pond tests. Oreer {109)

{109)

{117)

{232)

do .do

Needed for control Irrigation channels, 30-miiiute contact.

Ponds; recommended rate

Rorippa spp.

Diuron. 10 Killed. Pond tests, Oreg. {109)

Trapa natans (Waterchestnut)

2,4-D, amine

2,4-D, acetamide.

8 1b.

2 1b.

41b8 lbKerosene+water,

22 gals.

Wettable powder.

-do.

-do.

Satisfactory.

Good

do

Very good.

Field tests, N.J.

Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y.

do

-do-

{97)

{U2)

{m)<

{im
/

2 1b Kerosene -|- Water + Ige

pal CO 530.

do

do

Treated in July, checked in

Sept.

do

do

41b

81b- -.-

Good

do

2,4-D, aminé salt

81b Water, 50 gal Recommended rate

2,4-D, salt

8 1b Water, 50 gal

Water, 50 gal

Diesel fuel, 50

gal.

Water, 50 gal

Water, 50 gal

do

do

100-percent kill

100-percent kill

Verv effective

2-percent concentration

Í

8 1b- do

2,4-D, ester__

4 1b

2,4-dichloroisobutyrio acid

1

101b Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y.

Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y. and Md.

do

do

2 1b Good

41b

81b

Very good

2 1b Goot

do

Very good

None

Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y.

do

do

Treated in May; Md., N.Y.,

and Vt.

do

do

do

do

do

41b 8 lb

-do

2,4 D, BEE

¿ do 4 1b Granules (8-15

mesh).

'.'.'.'.'.do'.y.'.'.y.'.'.'.'.

do

do

do

Water

8 1b

12 1b

16 1b.-

201b

40 1b 1 lb -.

v///.doy.'.'-'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.

... Slight . /

Partial Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y.

do

do

... do

2,4^D, tmtoxyethanol, invert.- 21b

41b

81b

do

do

... do

do

do

do

2,4-D, isopropanolamine.- —_.

5 1b Granules Effective Field tests, NE /• 41b Granules (8-15

mesh).

'-'.'.'ido'.'.iy.y.y.y.

--- do

Excellent Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y.

do

do

do

2,4-D, diethanolamine4-2,4,5-

T, TEA. 81b

12 1b

16 1b

I-"-Ido--]I--]-"]]]"^

do

2 lb... Water Good Treated in July, cheeked in

in Sept., N.Y.

do

do

MCPA 41b

81b

do

do

do

do

/ . 5 1b Water.

. .-.. Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y.

do

do

do

2,4,5-T, invert lib

21b

41b

do

do

.-- do I'rido Till "I

/ 21b Treated in May, N.Y

do

do

do

do

... .do

41b

81b

121b

16 1b

201b

401b

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Slight _-..

,

Silvex .-

do Treated in June, N.Y

i He)

im)

um

(307)

im) (m) un)

(.m)

um

um

um

um

um

um

um

um

um

um

um

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

am

>wHwwMoüHö>

See footnotes at end oí table, p. 78.
TABLE 10.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on emergent weed^—Continued

Trapa natans (Waterchestnut)—Continued

Herbicide

TCA

Dalapon_.

Monuron.

Concentration

P.p.m.

Monuron+TCA_

Amitrole

Polybor-chlorate.

Sodium arsenite (2) + sodium

chlorate (1).

Sodium arsenite (1)+sodium

chlorate (1).

Rate per acre

5 1b.

6 1b..

101b_

Carrier

Water.

20 1b_

40 1b.

10 1b.

201b.

40 1b.

2 lb..

TEA.

50 lb..

100 lb.

150 lb.

225 lb.

300 lb.

3 1b..

6 1b-.

121b.

do

Granules (8-15

mesh).

do

do

Granules (8-15

mesh).

do

do

Water

Granules _

.-..:do...

do...

Water

Control or response

None.

.do.

.dodo

do

Excellent (?)

do.

do.

None. -

do.._

do...

do...

Effective.

Granules.

do...

do...

None..

do.

.,--.do.

Remarks

Treated in July, checked in

Sept., N.Y.

do

Treated in June, N.Y

.do.

.do.

Plots contaminated by other

chemicals.

do

do

Treated in July, checked in

in Sept., N.Y.

Treated in June, N.Y

do

do

Not used because of danger..

Ponds; recommended rate

Treated in May, N.Y.

do

do

' Except as indicated.

' AuBUHN UNIVERSITY, DATA ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN PONDS. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta., Farm Ponds Proj., unpublished Ann. Rpts. 1946-61.

ReferiU3)

{142)

{H2)

{U2)

{im

iUS)

um

iUê)

{142)

{142)

{142)

um

{174)

am

{142)

{142)

TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds

Acorus calamus (Sweetflag)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D, BE 0.5 percent 81b Water Good... . Pond tp<ît<5 {149)

Alnus rugosa and A. serrulata (Alders)

2,4-D

2,4-D, TEA.

2,4,5-T

20 percent.

'5 percent.

.8 percent11b.

Diesel fuel.

Water

Diesel fuel.

do.-..

100 percent,

-do.

90-100 percent.

100 percent

Alnus rugosa

Alnus serrulataAlnus rugosa- .

do

{174)

{174)

{174)

{174)

00
2,4-D, invert.

2,4-D.

2,4-D +wetting agent2,4-D.

7.5 percent

7.5 percent..

1 percent.

5 percent.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed)

4 1b.

8 1b...

12 1b..

9.8 1b.

19.81b.

39.9 1b.

217.8 1b.

435.6 lb.

8 1b

6.68 1b..

Granules.

.do.

.do.

-do.

6.68 1b..

6.68 1b..

3 to 9 lb.

41b

81b

12 1b

16 1b

41b

81b

121b

16 1b

8 lb.+ 3 percent..

8 lb.+ 1 percent..

8 Ib. + .l percent..

8 lb.+ .5 percent..

8 lb.+ .5 percent..

81b

41b

81b

12 1b

4 1b

8 1b

12 1b

1001b

1 to 1.5 lb.

6 1b

101b

14 1b

16 1b

10 1b.

_doPCE, 6 gal.

H-J, 6 gal..

H-T, 6 gal.

Water

Granules 30/60.

.do.

.do.

do

Granules 15/30.

do

.do.

.do.

Water+Tween 20

Water+Tergitoi

#4.

Water + Triton X

100.

Water+ Triton

B-1956.

Water + Triton X

188.

Granules" SO/eoII-'

.do.

.doNone.

do.

do.

None.-

-do.

-doTreated July 9, checked in

Oct., refuge plots.

do

do

Treated July 18, checked

Oct. 1, refuge plots,

-do99 percent; some

viable stems.

do

Eradicated

None

do

do

IneffectivePoor

Fair

75 percent,

.do

Poor.

Fair

75 percent,

do....

Good.

do.

-doGranules 15/30-

do.

do.

Granules _ Water

Dust

do...

do.--

do--.

Water-.

do-

.do.

.do.

Good

50 percent.

60 percent

75 percent

60 percent

80 percent

90 percent

Retarded

Good

Unsatisfactory .

do

do

do

Killed plants

Confined growth.

Treated July 21, checked

Oct. 1, refuge plots.

do

-doSecond spraying to complete-.

Treated June 12, airplane,

moist soil; checked in Sept.

do

-doTreated May 18, rooted mats

on moist soil.

Plants in water, treated July

22, checked Oct. 8.

do.

-do.

-do.

-do.

.do.

.do.

.doPlant in water, full bloom.

do

(.^ê)

{m)

{156)

{100)

{100)

{100)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

.do.

.do.

.do.

Plant in water, full bloom.

Plants in water, treated

Aug., checked in Oct.

-do

.do.

.do.

.do.

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

{HO)

>

M

Ö

fe)

ö

-do.

20-percent granular form.

Sugarcane fields

do

.do..

.do.

_do.

Ponds; recommended rate

Used tributyl phosphate

3 to 6 sprayings per summer

for 4 years.

{HO)

{HO)

{197)

{115)

{116)

{116)

{116)

{116)

{1

{174)

CO
TABLE 11,—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed)—Continued

00

O

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D, amine

2,4-D, ester

2,4-D ester-haquaherb.

2,4-D, alkanolamine

2,4-D, acid_

2,4-D, PGBEE.

2,4-D, BEE, invert.

2,4-D, EB.

2,4-D, BE..

2,4-D, lOE.

2,4-D, IPE,

2,4-D-f2,4,5-T.

2,4-D +2,4,5-T(2)-|-TCA(l).

2,4-D, TBP.

81b

4.2 lb_-

14.2 1b.

2 1b

20, 40 lb.

201b

81b_

20, 401b.

10 1b

..,..do...

'0.1 percent

0.2 percent

0.2 percent

'0.1|percent0.2 percent.

<0.2 percentdo.-

41b

8 1b

4 to 6 lb.

41b

81b

4 to 6 Ib10, 20, 40 Ib3.341b

3.341b.

19.8 lb.

39.9 lb.

200 lb..

51b.-.

19.2 lb_

1.25 percent.

0.62 percent-

's percent 6 lbWater, 80 gal

Kerosene

Water-1- spreader

sticker.

Practically eradicated.

2 percent

1-2 percent

GranulesGranules .

011-

Granules

Kerosene -|- water.

do

do.

Water-.

do.

do100 percent above

water; 0 percent

below water.

25, 65 percent

80-100 percent above

water; 20-100

percent below water.

100 percent above

water; 10 percent

below water. Complete regrowth in 2

months.

70 and 80 percent

90 percent

85 percent

90 percent

Good.

Very good

Treated July 15, 1957, Fla--.

Treated Aug. 12, 1957, Fla--.

Pretreatment (floating plants).

Rooted plots, S.C

Depends on water movement

(floating plants).

Floating plants.

Rooted plots, S.C

Treated June 16, 1958, Fla.

Treated Aug. 25, 1958, Fla.

.do.

Water.

.do.

. doGood.....-

Very good.

Sugarcane ñelds

do

Plants in water, 2 to 3 sprayings per year. Recommended rate.

Sugarcane fields.

doGranules

Water, 100 galdo

Granules.

None

50 percent25 percent.

None

-do.

.doWater-|-spreader

sticker.

Water-|-spreader

sticker.

Kerosene

do

100 percent; some

viable stems.

1-2 percent

Plants in water, 2 to 3 sprayings per year. Recommended rate.

Floating plants. La'.

Treated June 6, sprayed,

moist ditchbank, Ga.

Treated June 1 and Sept. 3,

sprayed, surface water, Ga.

Treated June 21, checked

Oct. 1, refuge plots.

do

1-2 percent-

.do.

Water.

Killed tops; few nodes

produced regrowth.

Killed tops; several

nodes produced regrowth.

Killed plants

Treated July 21, checked

Oct. 1, refuge plots.

Treated July 15, 1957, Fla

Treated Aug. 12, 1957, Fla...

Plot tests.

(.174)

{121)

{ni)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{121)

mi)

{121)

(lie)

(116)

(116)

(116)

(116)

(116)

(211)

urn

(121)
2,4,5-T.

2,4,5-T, IPE + CLaPOA.

Silvex, invert

Silvex, salt --

Silvex.

17.5 percent-

{::::

Silvex, PGBEE_

Silvex, BEE^

Silvex, BEE + xylene + polychlorobenzene.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

19,8 lb.

39.9 1b

200 1b

do

do -

51b - Water+spreader

201b

sticker.

Granules-- --

8 1b

41b

81b

12 1b

10, 20, 40 Ib20, 40 1b

3 to 9 lb

2 1b41b_-

81b12 1b16 1b2 1b-.

41b81b12 1b16 1b.

2 1b41b

81b

12 1b

16 1b

4 1b

12 to 16 lb.

20 1b8 1b10 1b20, 40 Ib40 1b

301b201b8 lbGranules - None

Granules.

do._.

Water

-do.

-do.

-do.

-do.

-do-

_do-

-do-

-do.

.do.

-do-

-do.

-do-

-dodo

do

Water, 218 galdo

Granules.

Oil

Granules.

GranulesOil.

-do.

_do.

5 percent

100 percent; some

viable stems.

1-2 percent

95 percent

Complete for 3 monthsNone

-dodo- -

None

85, 95 percentInefifective

95 percent.

do

97 percent99 percent.

do

40 percent50 percent60 peroent80 percent.

30 percent50 percent20 percent

50 percent

60 percent

90 percent

100-percent top kilL

100 percent

80-100 percent above

water; 20-100 percent below water.

100 percent above

water, 80 percent

below water; regrowth retarded 3

months.

95 percent

90, 95 percent--

90-100 percent.

80-100 percent.

do

100 percent above

water; 80 percent

below water.

Treated July 21, checked Oct.

1, refuge plots.

do

do

Treated July 15, 1957, Fla—.

Treated May 29, 1958, Fla...

Treated July 9, checked in

Oct., refuge plots.

do

.doFloating plants, La

Rooted plants, S.C

Treated May 18, rooted mats

on moist soil.

Treated May 2 and Aug. 11,

floating mats.

do

-do.

-do-

-doTreated June 7, floating mats.

do

do

.do-

.doTreated May 6, dry at treatment, later flooded.

do

.do-

-do-

-do_

Treated in May and Sept

Treated in May and Sept.,

checked in Oct.

Depends on water movement,

floating plants.

Floating plants

Foliage spray, rooted plants.

Rooted plants, S.C

Ratings 6-14 months after

treatment, S.C.

do

.do.

Applied 2 weeks after 2,4-D

pretreatment, floating

plants.

{155)

{211) mi)

mi)

mi) >

mi)

mi) Í

mi) ri

mi) o

mi)

mi)

w

mi) 2 mi) o

mi) Ö

mi) H

mo) 1-1 mo) >

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi) mi)

mi) mi) mi)

00
TABLE U.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeis—Continued

Alternanthera philoxeroides (AUigatorweed)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration

Dalapon.

Dalapon + wetting agent.

MH+silvex.,

Amitrole+wetting agent .

^mijirole -.._

Rate per acre '

20 1b40 1b_

60 1b.

80 1b_

100 1b

20 to 60 lb_

5, 10 lb_

201b.

30 1b.

40 1b

50 1b

60 1b

20 1b

30 1b

40 1b

50 1b

60 1b

20 1b

30 1b

40 1b

50 1b

60 1b

20 1b

60 1b

80 to 100 lb.

48 to 96 lb..

Carrier

Water.

Control or response

70 percent; 100-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

90 percent; 5-peroent

regrowth in 3

months.

95 percent; 5-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

100 percent; 2-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

do

90-to95-percent kill....

Remarks

.do^

-do-

-do2.5 lb.-I-2 to 161b-.

51b.-f2tol61b20 lb.-f-2 to 161b.

Up to 40 1b

5 to 30 1b

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Water, 218 gal

do.

Water -1- Tween 20.

Water, 218 gal.

dodo

Water-fTween 20.

Water,, .

None20 percent.

do

50 percent.

80 percentdo

30 percent10 percent20 percent.

70 percent.

do....

do

60 percent

70 percent

60 percent

40 percent

25 percent

95 percent

90 percent

No lasting effects.

75-90 percent,

-...do

do

No lasting effects.

Ineffective

Marsh test, La.

do

.do-

-do-

- doTreated May 13, partly covered with water.

Treated Aug. 5, plots on welldrained soils.

.do.

Treated Apr. 20 and Aug. 11,

floating mats.

do

do..

do

Treated Apr. 26.

.do

-do.

.do-

.do.

Treated June 7.

do

do

.do.

-do.

Treated Apr. 20 and Aug" 11."

Floating mats

Rooted plants, 5}i monthslll.!

Plants not in water, includes

single and multiple spraying.

July application, silvex 6 days

after MH.

do

-doPlants not in water, Ga

Treated May 24, flooded most

of season.

Reference

(HO)

(HO) mo)

(HI)

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(HD

(lOD

00

(HO)

(HO) S
Amitrole

+emid_

Amitrole+MCPA_

Amitrole+silvex_ _.

Amitrole+fenac_

Erbon.

Erbon+dalapon.

AMS X_

Simazine

Borascu

Chlorea

Sodium chlorate5 lb.+ 10 1b_ 5 lb.+ 15 lb_ 5 1b.+ 10 1b. 5 lb.+ 15 lb_ 5 lb.+ 10 lb- 1 lb.+ 3 lb,_

llb.+ 91b__

lib.+ 18 lb.

21b.+ 31b._

21b.+ 91b__

2 1b.+ 18 1b4 1b. + 3 1b.. 4 1b. + 9 1b,_ 4 1b. + 18 1b_

70 to 160 lb_

80 1b..

97 lb..

114 1b

131 lb

148 lb

165 1b

182 lb

200 lb.

80 1b. (each)_

85 1b

90 1b

100 1b

110 1b

120 1b

130 1b

140 1b

150 1b

160 1b

40 lb.+ 40 lb.

40 lb.+ 20 lb.

20 lb.+ 20 lb. 0 1b.+ 40 lb..

80 1b.+ 01b..

80 lb.+ 40 lb.

80 lb.+ 20 lb.

60 lb.+ 40 lb.

76 1b

10 1b_...

5,500 Ib393 lb...

4,300 lb.

Water.

Water.

do

do

do

Water+spreader

sticker.

Granules

Granules.

80-100 percent.

do

80-100 percent.

do

80-90 percent.

None

do

do

.do-

.do-

-dodo

do

do

100 percent20 percent--

30 percent60 peroentdo-..-

80 percentdo.-..

do...-

do

90 percent.

20 percent.

do

10 percent.

25 percent.

do

20 percent.

25 percent.

do

do

15 percent. 8 percent.. 5 percent..

do

15 percent.

do

20 percent.

15 percent. 1 percent..

None

Eradicated30 percent-.

None

6-14 months

treatment, S.O.

.do.

after

Ratings 6-14 months after

treatment, S.C.

do....

Ratings 2-14 motths after

treatment, S.C.

Floating plants, La

do

.do-

-do-

-do.

.do-

.do-

-do-

_do.

Treated May 16, area remained unflooded.

Treated June 12, sprayed,

moist soil, checked Oct. 1.

do

.do-

.do-

.do-

.do.

.do-

.do.

Treated May 15, and Aug. 9,

ditchbank.

Treated May 15, ditchbank..

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

.do.

Treated June 11, sprayed,

moist soil, checked Oct.l.

do-.

-do.

.do.

-do-

.do.

.do.

-do.

(SU)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

mi)

{100)

(100)

(100)>

(100)§

(100)^

(100)

(100)

(100)

(101)

Treated July 15, 1957, Fla.--

Treated Apr. 23, 1958, Fla.--

Dewatered area

Treated Apr. 23, 1958, Fla...

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(100)

(100) (m)

(lêl)

(174) (im

(174)

HÖ

t?ä ÖI

See footnotes at end oí table, p. 121.

00

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued 00

Allernanthera philoxeroides (AUigatorweed)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

Fenac_

2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy-acetate

(dimethylamine).

2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy-acetate

(n-butyl ester).

Diquat.

Alanap-5

Polyborchlorate . .

Sodium chloride--

Monuron (CMU).

2,4-D, acid- -

2,4-D, amins1.5 1b. Water3 1b

6 1b

9 1b

12 1b

1.5 lb. (each).

-do-

_do-

-do.

_do-

. dolo percent.

do

40 percent50 percent60 percent.

10 percentTreated May 6, plots partially

dry, plants rooted.

do

-do-

-do-

.do3 lb. (each).-.

6 1b. (each)-..

9 lb. (each)..-

12 1b. (each)-.

1.51b

3 1b

6 1b

9 1b

12 1b

0.5 1b

lib

3 1b

6 1b

91b.- .-

12 1b

181b

8 1b

dodo.

dodododo-

-do-

-do-

.do.

40 percent50 percent60 percent90 percent10 percent.

None

do

Treated May 2 and July 29,

floating mats.

do

-do-

.do.

_doTreated June 7, floating mats.

do

do

Water, 100 galdo

do

10 percent

None

do

do

-do-

.do.

Floating or rooted plants.

do

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do-

.do-

_do-

.do.

-do.

.do-

-do.

.do.

.do.

8 1b2 1b20 lb—.

45 lb-...

5,000 lb.

15 tons..

601b....

Water.,

do.

100 percent above

water; 80 percent

below water. Regrowth retarded 4

months.

100 percent above

water; 20-30 percent below water.

100 percent above water; 0 percent below

water. Rapid top

kill.

Poor

do

.do.

.do.

Floating plants, Fla.

.do.

.doEradicated.

None

Promising..

Marsh tests, sprayed plots.

do

Dewatered area

Dewatered area.

mi)

mi) mi) mi) mi) mi)

mi) mi) mi) mi) mi) mi) mi) mi) mi) mi)

{211)

mi) mi) mi) mi) mi) mi)

mi)

mi)

(101)

(.101)

(174) (m)

(174)

Caret aquatilis (Ripgutgrass)

16.4 Ib35.5 1b85 percent.

90 percent.

Irrigation channel

Greenhouse tests, Yz at 2d

application, checked 6 weeks

after 2d application.

(180)

(181)
2,4-D, IPE.__

2,4-D, sodium_

2,4-D, TBP

2,4-D, micronized.

2,4,5-T, IPE

MH

43.4 lb5.3 1b-.

4 lb21.3 Ib16.4 Ib12 lb—

44.7 Ib15.6 lbKerosene75 percent10 percentdo

65 percent85 percent10 percent80 percentNone

Carex atherodes (Oregon sugargrass)

2,4-D, acid- 34 1b. 95 percentCephalanthus occidenialis (Buttonbush)

2,4-D

2,4-D, TEA

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, ME-..

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D -1- 2,4,5-T (1:1)-

2,4,5-T

AMS

2 percent0.4 percentÍ2 percent--.

8 percent3 lb—

7.4 Ib3 lb—

2 1b.

5.5 lbWater-.

dododoWater, 25 galWater

WaterResistant

do

do

50-80 percent100 percent

100 percentGood

Cyperus acuminatus (Sedge)

-do.

-do-

-do.

Greenhouse tests, K at 2d application, checked 6 weeks

after 2d application.

do

do

do

do

USD im

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

Irrigation channel- (180)

Recommended rate

Lake tests, TVA

do

do

From shallow to deep water.

Treated July 25, spray, Ky.

Recommended rate

(147)

(W) dm

(174)

(101)

(S3S)

(174)

(174)

2,4-D, IPE

Diuron 0.5 percent 6 to 81b Diesel fuel Good Pond tests (')

Amitrole -f dalapon "5Ïb."+ 5"lb-'^]I-I

150 to 450 lb

150 1b

WaterV."-"

do

Poor kill

Pond tests, Oreg. (Cyperus sp.) - (109)

(210) Detergent

Water + Vatsol

OS.

Killed tops; regrowth

from roots.

do

do

do

AMS (103)

(103)

Cyperus erythrorhizos (Sedge)

2,4-D, IPE-...

TOA 4- silvex.

Dalapon 4- erbon

Amitrole + dalapon .

0.5 p.p.m. 6 to 81b

21.6 lb. + 10.4 lb.

5 1b. + 10.4 lb---.

5 1b. + 20.8 1b

5 1b. + 5 1b

Diesel fuel.

Water

do

do

Water

Good

97 percent

Not effective-..

90-percent kill.

Poor kill

Pond tests.

do

do

do

Pond tests.

(210)

(¡310)

(SIO)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

00

Ox
TABLE 11,—Ejects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued 00

05

Cyperus giganieus (Egyptian paperplant)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D. 10 1b_

2 lb-.

Water, 218 gaL__

Water, 218gal__-

2,4-D, amine_

4 1b

8 lb

10 1b

12 1b

16 1b

2 to 8 lb_

_do_

_do_

_do_

_do_

_do_

-doOS percent.

40 percent80 percent90 percent95 percent98 percentdo

Treated July 1, checked Oct.

11.

Applied in May, checked in

Oct.

.--..do -

-do-

-do-

-do90 percent-

-doSilvex.

10 to 16 Ib2 lb-doDalapon

MH + 2,4-D4 lb

8 lb

10 1b

12 lb

16 lb

20 to 40 lbWater, 218 gal--

do

100 percent.

40 percent.-

Treated in June and Sept.,

checked in Oct.

do

60 to 100 1b

20 lb. -I- 4 or 10 lb.

.do

.do

.do

.do

Water, 218 gal.

do

Water, 218 gal60 percent.

90 percent95 percent.

98 percent-

.do.

Treated July 1, checked Oct.

11.

do

-do-

.do.

.do.

90 percent.

.do.

97-99 percent.-

98-100 percentPlants in 6- to 12-inch brackish water.

do

2,4-D applied 8 days after

MH.

mo

mo

mo

mo

mo

mo.

{HO

mo

mo

mo

mo

mo

mo

mo

(Decodon americana) (Waterwillow)

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, alkanolamine salt.

2,4,5-T.

AMS--

0.1 percent.

0.3 percent.

0.1 percent.

0.25-1 percent.

0.3 percent.

4 1b.

450 lbWater + 2% Tide.

Water

-do

Water.

Water +2% Tide.

Water -|- Vatsol

OS.

Excellent.

Good

doEradicated.

Good

Killed upper half.

Pond testsdo

Pond tests.

-do-

.do-

(175)

(149)

(104)

(149)

(176)

(103)

Decodon verticillatus (Waterwillow)

{ 75 lb 95 percent __ Pond tests, N.J

do

do.--

(159)

::::::::::::: 100 lbs

125 lb .. -]--"do'im-I----I---

(159)

(159)
2,4-D, IPE_

2,4-D, PGBEE_

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D, TBP

2,4-D +2,4,5-T_

2,4,5-T, ester_

Silvex

TCA-fsilvex_.

TCA-|-2,4-D,Na salt_

TCA+2,4,5-T.

TCA

Dalapon.

Diuron_

Amitrole

Erbon

2,4-D _

Monuron_

fO. 5 percent,

10. 5 percent.

5 percent0.25 percent-|-

0.5 percent,

0.25 percent-|-

0.5 percent.

1 percent 4-

1 percent.

1 percent-|-

1 percent.

0.5 percent-f

0.5 percent.

0.5 percent+

0.6 percent.

0.5 percent-|-

0.5 percent.

1.2 p.p.m.

0.5 percent.

5 p.p.m.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

Distichlis spp. (Saltgrasses)

20 1b. Water. No effect.

Eleocharis obtusa (Spikerush)

5.2 lb.

4.8 lb.

4 to 8 lb.

ilbV.-II

41b

10.4 1b

20.41b

10 lb.+ 20.8 Ib2 lb.+ 4 lb

4 1b.4-8 1b___

8 lb.+ 8 lb...

80 lb.-1-80 lb.

40 lb.-I-40 lb.

4 lb.+ 4 lb...

40 lb.-I-40 lb.

21.6 1b.

24 1b...

10 lb...

75 1b-..

16 1b_.-

60 lb—

6.8 1b--

10.41b.

Water

Diesel fuelDiesel fueldo

Diesel fuel

Kerosene

Water, 80 gal.

do

95 percent

90-100 percent.

75-100 percentdo

Water--

do.

-do-

.do-

.dodo.

Water..

-do.

Water

Water, 80 gal.

Water.

WaterWater

Water

Diesel fuel90-100 percentGood kill

75 percent

100 percent.

88 percent.-

100 pereent98 percent- -

None

GoodNone.

Good.

-do.

NoneGood.

None

100 percent.

ResistantGood

do...

do

90-95 percent.

90 percent

Eleocharis quadrangulata (Square-stem spikerush)

Equiseium sp. (Horsetail)

KiUedMarsh tests, tractor sprayerPond tests

do

Dry pond edge, 1 season.

do

Pond tests

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

doPond testsdo

Pond testsdo

.do.

.do.

do

do

Pond tests.

do

Pond tests

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests

Dewatered pond edge, 1 year.

Pilled pond, 1 year

Dry pond edge, 1 year

Pond tests

do

Ponds; recommended rate..

Pond tests, Oreg.

(178)

{no)

(êio)

p)

p)

(SIO) mi)

{ßlO) mo)

{êlO)

(')

C2^ > 1. ; a

d

(^) >

H

(') Q

w (?) to

w

v) M

n

(^) Ö

H

C) a

(336) ^

^

(êlO)

(310) m

\ )

(310)

(310)

(109)
00

00

TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Glyceria sp. (Mannagrass)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D, lOE.

2,4-D, IPE_

Silvex

Silvex+dalapon_

Dalapon

Dalapon+ erbon_

Monuron

Diuron

ErbonChlorea.

430 Ib100 Ib8lb___

Granulesdo_.-

None; 100-pereent

regrowth 2d year.

None

Pond tests, Ga., 1958.

2.5 lb.+ 5 lb.

20 1b

16 1b

Water, 80 gal_

Water

Water

Water, 80 gal.

-do_

15 lb.+ 6 lb. Water, 80 gal.

50 percent..

75 percent._

100 percent.

50 percent..

10 p.p.m.

Í5 p.p.m..

[10 p.p.m.

Killeddo.

6 1b.

32 lb—.

1,600 lb.

1,720 lb.

Water, 80 gal.

.do.

Granules.

do...

do

50 percent.

do

None

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond test, Ga., retreatment...

Pond test, Ga., retreatment

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests, Oreg

Pond tests, Oreg

.do.

Spray application, pond tests

Ga.

do

None; 100-percent

regrowth 2d year.

Broadcast application, pond

tests, Ga.

Pond tests, Ga., 1958....

{SS5)

{109) O

{109)

{109)

O

{2Se) d

{2S6) CO

{236) Ö

tä

{S35)

Hibiscus militaris and H. moscheutos (Rosemallow)

2,4,D

2,4,D, alkanolamlne salt.

2,4-D (P)

2,4-D, BE

Sodium arsenite.

0.5 percent.

0.25-1

percent.

0.3 percent.

4 p.p.m

6.5 lb.

10 1b.

2 lbWater.

Water.

95 percent..

Eradicated.

No kill

Good

Effective kill.

160 gals, per acre.

Pond tests

.do.

.do.

.do.

{m)

{149)

{149)

{149)

{149)

Hydrocoiyle umbellata (Pennywort)

2,4-D

2,4-D, BE..

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, Na salt.

0.5 percent.

0.1 percent.

0.5 percent.

0.2 percent.

0.4 percent.

1 percent

1 to 1.5 lb.

40 1b

8 1b

4 to 8 1b_.

16 1b

32 lb

80 1b

Water..

Water.,

.do.

Diesel fuel.

Water

do

do

Killed

100 percent..

95 percent

Pair to good.

80 percent

95 percent

100 percent..

Sugarcane fields

Dewatered pond area,

.do.

Pond tests, plants in water.

Dewatered pond area

do

do

{SIO)

{')

{')

{')

{')

{')

P)
Juncus spp. (Tussock or rushes)

Monuron.

Diuron

5 p.p.m

10 p.p.m..

2. 5 p.p.m.

5 p.p.m

10 p.p.m..

Killed....

.doInjured.

Killed..,

do..

Pond tests, Oreg.

.do.

Pond tests Oreg.

do

.....do

{109)

{109}

{109)

{109)

{109)

Juncus effusus (Soft rush)

2,4-D (P)_

2,4-D, salt.

2,4-D

2,4-D, PGBEE.

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D +2,4,5-T.

Silvex

Silvex, PGBEE.

TCA-t-silvex

Dalapon

Diuron

Amitrole

Erbon

Chlorea

Copper sulfate.

1 percent.

80 to 100 lb3 1b

4.8 1b---

4 to 8 Ib41b

16 1b.

3 1b..

3 p.p.m.

121b

10 lb.-h20.8 lb

10 1b

12.81b

241b

65 1b.

13.6 lb.

10.4 lb.

16 lb...

860 lb.

Granules _

Water

Diesel fuel

do

Water, 80 gal.

.do.

Water.

-do.

Water.

Water-

.do.

Water, 80 gal.

Water

.do.

Diesel fuel

Water, 80 gal.

Granules

Partial.

Good.-

90-100 percentdo

None

100 percent

100 percent ; no

growth 2d year.

100 percent

98 percent

Resistant

100 percent

do

Complete kill.

Failed to kill..

90 percent

None

76 percent.

None

I Pond tests, Ark., treated May '

7, checked June 24.

IDewatered areas

|Ponds, recommended rate for

spray.

Pond tests

do

Spray application, pond test,

Ga.

do

Ga

Pond tests, Ga.

Pond tests

.do.

Pond tests, Ga

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Dewatered pond bottom, 21-

month test.

Pond tests

-do.

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Broadcast application, pond

test, Ga.

Lake tests, acid water

{')

mi)

[210)

{210)

(.211)

\{211)

{210)

{210)

{211)

{238)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{238)

{238)

{208)

Justicia americana (Dianthera)

31b Water Dewatered areas; recommended rate.

Dewatered areas. . .

(211)

2,4-D, salt

8 1b do Very efifective (211)

1 lb ... Water

do

,... Intermediate susceptible.

Good . -_

Dewatered areas (147)

2,4-D, Na salt

lO.l percent 3 lb do (147)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

00

CO
COo

TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Leersia sp. (Cutgrass)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4,5-T, PGBEE 5 1b_ Water (1:80).

Water (1:40)

Water, 100 gal

do

Pond tests, Ga., 1959 Silvex-|-dalapon 1.5 lb. 4-1 lb

40 lb

(235)

r {235)

100 percent; no regrowth 2d year.

100 percent; 10-percent

regrowth 2d year.

100 percent; 5-percent

regrowth 2d year.

Pond tests, Ga., 1958

do

do

Pond tests, Ga., 1959

.- -do

10 lb

{235)

Dalapon__ ..

10 to 20 lb _ do

{236)

9 1b Water (1:10)

Water (1:8)-.

{235)

[ 12 1b do llll' {235)

{235)

{236)

Simazine

10 lb.+2 lb

210 1b

Water

Granules

100 percent; 5-percent

regrowth 2d year.

Pond tests, Ga., 1958_ _

1 1

{236)

2,4-D, PGBEE....

2,4-D, IPE

Silvex

TCA

Dalapon

Amitrole

Amitrole-I-TCA

Amitrole -f- erbon

Amitrole 4- dalapon.

Erbon

2,4-D _

2,4-D-I-2,4,5-T.

2,4,5-T

Silvex

2,.3,6 TEA.

Leersia oryzoides (Cutgrass)

4.8 1b

4 to 8 lb

10.4 1b

83.2 1b

43.2 1b

10 1b

10 1b

3.4 1b.-|-2].6 1b3.4 lb. 4-20.8 lb.

5 +51b

10.4 1b

Diesel fuel,

.do.

Diesel fuel.

do....

Water

do

do

do

do

do

Diesel fuel.

90-100 percent.

do

88 percent

80 percent

99 percent

Partial

98 percent.

96 percent.

97 percent.

90 percent.

Pond tests.

-do.

Pond tests.

do

Pond tests.

.do.

Ponds; recommended rate.

Pond tests

do

do

do

Myrica cerífera {Cerothamnus ceriferus) (Waxmyrtle)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

{210)

8.4 1b.

4.2 lb.-h4.2 lb.

8.4 1b

8 1b

4 1b

9 1b

15 lbDiesel oil, 11 galdo

.do.

Diesel fuel

do

Diesel oil, 11 galdo

75 percent.

70 percent.

60 percent20 percent.

10 percent50 percent75 percentTreated July 18, airplane, 1

year.

do

.doTreated July 18, airplane, 1 yeardo.

Treated July 18, airplane, 1

year.

do

{241)

{HD

{HI)

(HI)

{241)

(241)

{241)
Nelumbo lulea (N. perit'äpelala) (Lotus)

2,4-D, amine2,4-D.

2,4-D, amine salt.

2,4-D, ester.

2,4-D, salt2,4-D, alkanolamine2,4-D, ME.

2,4-D, BE..

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, Na salt

2,4-D, TEA

2,4-D -|- surfactant _

2,4-D, Dowanol..^

2,4-5-T

Dalapon.

AMS,

Waste oil+kerosene

Silvex, PGBEE

Silvex, acid, Na salt, PGBEE.

0.5 p.p.m__.

0.5-0.6 percent.

,0.5 percent0.5 percent-

'5 percent..

L5 percent.,

'1 percent.

4 percent4 percent.

0.1-0.2

percent.

0.5 percent.

0.5-0.6

percent.

4 1b.__

.75 lb.

2.4 Ib5 1b

4 lb. (each).

2 1b

1.8 to 4 lb.

3.1 lb..

2 lb. (each).

2.23 lb

lib

2 to 3 lb.

1 lb.

3 1b.

.8 1b..

2.4 1b.

2 to 3 lb.

2.23 lb_.

2.23 1b..

3.34 lb.

3 1b....

2 1b..-.

3 1b....

4 1b....

20 lb...

5 to 20 lb.

20 1b

95 1b

100 to 300 lb.

300 1b

30 lb.-1-15 lb.

3 lb

20 1b

Water (1:100).

Diesel oil

Water.

Water + detergent.

Oil

Water + detergent.

Water, 5 gal

Water, 100 gal.

+ liquid soap.

Oil.

Water.

Water.

...do..

Water,

.do.

Kerosene.

Water

Oil.

Water...

Water...

Water...

do..

Water...

Granuk\'

Water

Water, 11

Water

Vatsol OS.

Water

Granules.

95 percent..

70 percent..

100 percent100-percent kill.

99 percent

Good..

do.

50-90 percent.

100 percent

...do

Good95-100 percent.

95-100 percent.

90-99 percent..

Satisfactory,

do

Good,

-do.

.do.

.do.

90-99 percent.

100 percent

.dodo

Good

95-100 percent.

100 percent

100 percent

80 percent

Very effective..

Treated July 25, Ky

Treated July 26, 111

Treated June 27, airplane.

La.

Treated Aug. 19, sprayed,

111.

Treated June 18 and July 19,

sprayed, Miss.

Aerial application

Boat application

Ponds; recommended rate

Recommended rate

Erect leaves killed.

Unsatisfactory

Very effective

Killed tops; regrowth

from roots.

Killed

Injured tops

100 percent

80 percent

Air treatment, July, 160

acres, refuge.

Treated July 6 and Aug. 3,

sprayed. Miss.

Aerial application, undiluted..

Applied during growing season.

80 gal. solution per acre

80 gal. solution per acre

Air application, before bloom.

La. and S.C.

Lake tests, TVA

...do

Pond tests

Lake tests, TVA.

.do.

Pond testsairplane,

sprayed.

Air application, before bloom.

La. and S.C.

Treated June 29,

La.

Treated June 15,

La.

Tractor sprayer, Ga

Lake tests, TVA

Lake tests, TVA

35-acre block, TVA

Late summer, full bloom

Lake water, pH 9,1-9.3.

Treated June 23, plants in

water.

Airplane, research trials

Pond tests.

do

Pond tests

June application

Lake water, pH 9.1-9.3.

im) (m)

[215)

{98)

{97)

{Sil)

{174)

(174)

{êll)

{147)

{147)

{149)

{147)

{147)

{104)

{211)

{225)

{225)

{101)

{147)

{147)

{147)

{211)

{211)

{174)

{223)

{99)

{174)

{103)

{149)

{174)

{211)

{211)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.
TABLE 11.—Eßects of certain aguatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Orontium aquaticum (Goldenclub)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

MH 20 1b- 100-percent top kill;

regrowth in 1

month.

100-percent top kill;

regrowth in 3.5

months.

(«4)

Benoclor 3C 20 gal

2,4-D-hTCA.

TCA

Dalapon.

Panicum hemiiomon (Maidencane)

64 1b.+ 30 1b2401b

Over 285 lb-_

60 1b

435 1b

10, 15, 20 lb.

201b

20 1b

20 1b

10 1b

10 lb.-h 5 lb.

20 1b

5 1b5 lb. (each)

20 1b

20 1b

20 1b

201b

101b

20 to 60 lb..

20 to 100 lb.

20 to 80 lbWater-_

Water. -

do.

.do_

.do.

Water..

do.

Water

Water, 8 galWater, 8 gal.

(each).

Water, 8 gal.

Water.

...do

.do.

Water, 11 gal

-doWater, 8 galWater

do.

do

.doTo percent-.

Eradicateddo

99 percent; regrowth

after disking.

Minimum effective

90 percent

.do.

Poor

95 percent.

99 percentdo

90-95 percent90 percent

95 percent

100 percent

90-percent kilL

90 percent

Poor to 95 percent.

Fair

100 percent

Complete kiU

Poor to goodTreated June 20,

Treated in MayTreated in JulySprayed

1958, FlaExperiments on Santee Refuge.

Air application, water 15

inches, S.C.

Air application following

burning, water 2-3 inches.

Air application, 10-acre plot,

water 2-3 inches, S.C.

Winter-burned plots, treated

in Apr., Fla. and S.C.

Air treated May 2, 3-acre

plot, refuge.

Air treated May 2 and 28, 3-

acre plot, refuge.

Air treated in 1957, checked

Oct. 1958, refuge.

Treated May 9, plants on

ditchbank.

Treated May 9 and June 4

do

Treated Apr. 24, old ricefield, surface moist.

Dewatered area

Less than 15 inches of water.

Treated in Mar

.do.

{S40 mo

{HO

{Ul

(ell

(ell

(99

(US

(101

(101

(101

(101

(99]

Treated Apr. 20, dry at treatment, later flooded.

Treated May 25, flooded at

treatment.

CDto
Dalapon—Continued

-

Dalapon+ TCA_

Monuron

Amitrole.

Chlorox

Chlorox '40'.

BorascuDowpon_

HCA...

2,3,6 TBA.

Goodrich 5TC0 6.

Monuron (CMU).

Polybor-chlorate..

100 1b.—

10 to 40 lb

101b

20 to 60 1b

75 to 100 lb.-..

150 to 192 lb...

301b

60 Ib.- 4 to 5 lb. (each).

150 lb.+ 50 1b101b

301b

50 1b

801b

101b

201b 5 1b

10 1b20 1b. 5 1b..

10 1b20 1b

301b

40 1b

501b

20 1b

101b

100 to 400 lb.

100 1b

200 1b

200 1b

4001b 1 to 3 tons---

17 1b

801b

1.5 to 30 lb-.

1.5 to 30 1b--

50 to 100 lb.

25 1b

100 1b

60 to 80 Ib- 1 to 3 tons.

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

.do.

-do.

WaterWater..

do.

do-

.do.

Water.

do.

do.

.do.

-do.

.do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-dodo

do

Water, 150 gal.

Water

Water

do---

Dry powder

do

Water, 170 gal..

Kerosene, 100 gal.

Water

do

Water..

do-

-doComplete kill.

Fair to good_-

-doComplete kilL

Eradicated

do99 percent; regrowth

after disking.

90 percent

Best killErratic

do.-..

do_-.-

do

Killed topsdo

10 percent--

Fair

95 percent10 percent- 5 percent.-

15 percent.

25 percent.

70 percent95 percent.

do

5-7 percentNone

Ineffective-.

-do.

do

.do

Killed3-5 percent---

85 percent

None

None to poor.

90 percent

50-peroent kill; 90-percent regrowth in 7

months.

90 percent

Effective

Killed

.doTreated Mar. 2, plots drydo

do

Treated in MayTreated in JulySprayed

Treated Aug. 20....

Ponds in Israel,2 or3 applications; recommended rate.

Single application

Treated Apr. 20, drained area.

Flooded later

do

do

Refuge tests

do--.

Treated Mar. 30, earlier

plication ineffective.

do

apdo

Treated in Mar-.

Treated June 7, flooded

plots, control to Oct. 2.

do

-do-

-do.

.do.

Research trials

Treated June 25, 1958, Fla.

Research trials

Treated Mar. 30

do

-do- . doOn dewatered areas

Treated June 25, 1958, Fla-.,

Treated Dec. 1, 1958, Fla

Research trials 1 treatment, one series in Apr.,

other series in May.

Treated in Feb

do--.

Treated in Apr

On dewatered areasdo

(êSS)

(«SS)

{SOI)

mo)

(223)

UOl)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(HI) (im

(HI)

(HI)

(HI)

(HI)

(HI) (m) (m) (m)

(HI)

(HI)

(HO)

(HO)

(174)

(174)

>oWH

ta

Cd Oöö

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

00
TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides ov marginal weeds—Continued

Panicum purpurascens {P. barbinode ) (Paragrass)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

TCA_

TCA + wetting agent.

Calcium TCA

TCA + Shell weedkiller 130_

TCA, IPE

Dalapon_

Diuron _.

Amitrole.

Polybor-chlorate

Polybor-chlorate 88

Shell weedkiller 130 + Polyborchlorate 88.

150 lb.

100 lb_

125 Ib150 1b.

60 lb-_

25 lb..

Water, 150 gal_

Water, 100 gal_

Water, 250 gal.

Water, 150 gal_

Water, 60 gal..

Water, 125 gal_

Fair-

_do_

.do_

Some kill.

do__-

Good

125 lb_

125 lb_

125 lb_

+

125 1b

60 1b. -1-15 gal.

15 gal. -1-60 lb11)4 gal.

15 1b

32 1b

10 1b

80 1b

12 to 18 1b

825 1b

412 1b

825 1b

15 gal. and 412

lb.

Water, 125 gal,

Dreft, 19 oz.

Water, 125 gal. +

kerosene, 2.5

gal., -f- Triton,

'AptWater, 125 gal. -1-

Xylol, 2.5 gal.

-I- Triton, % pt.

Water, 125 gal

Water, 120 gal

Water, 110 gal. +

and 60 gal.

Water, 125 gal

Triton emulsifier, 1 pt.

Water

do

Fair_

Poor.

Fair.

Poor..

....do.

GoodPoor.

Water, 100 gal.

Water, 160 galWater

Water, 625 gal.

Water, 315 gal.

Water, 625 gal.

Water, 100 gal.

and 315 gal.

Good

Effective

Good

Effective kilL

Eflacient

Poor kill

Excellent

Poor

Good

Canal bank, FladodoApplied after aromatic oils-.

do

Application every 3-6 weeks,

1 year, canal bank, Fla.

Canal bank, Fla

(196)

{198)

.do-

-do.

Canal bank, Pia

do

TCA 3 weeks after Shell weedkiller, 1 year, canal bank,

Fla.

Canal bank, Fla

With surfactant

Irrigation channels, Fla

Repeated applications ..^.

Irrigation channels, 1 year

Irrigation ditches

Irrigation channels

Following aromatic oils

Canal bank, Fla

Polybor-chlorate 6 weeks after

weedkiller, 1 year, canal

bank, Fla.

{213)

{êlS)

{213)

{213)

{213)

{211)

{ISO)

{213) g

Panicum repens (Panicum)

DalapoH7.5 lb.

10 lb...

12.5 Ib15 lb—

17.5 Ib20 lb—

22.51b.

25 lb—

301b-.

40 percent.

do

50 percent.

75 percent.

do

-do-

.do-

-do-

. doTreated May 15, dry sites on

dltchbank.

do

.do.

.do-

-do.

-do.

-do-

-do.

-do.

(101)

(101)

{101)

{101)

{101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)
IDalapon—Continued.

Monuron.

2,3,6 TEA.

51b Water .. Treated May 15, wet site

within the pool.

do

do

do

do.

do

do

"iiidC:"iiiiii:i-"iiii:::

do ... ... ....

7.6 1b

101b

do

do

do

do

75 percent

85 percent

do

90 percent

96 percent

86 percent

96 percent

12.6 1b

15 1b

17.6 1b

201b

22.5 1b

25 1b

30 1b

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

5 1b.+5 1b do. 85 percent

.._ Treated May 15 and July 24,

both wet and dry sites.

do

Treated May 18, plots partially dry.

do

!!"'rdoI

5 1b.+ 10 1b 5 1b

do

50-60 percent_..._

10 1b... 60-70 percent

70-80 percent

90—95 percent

20 1b

30 1b 5 1b 40 percent

. Treated May 16, dry sites on

ditchbank.

20 1b Water 85-percent top kill; Fla

100-percent survival

of rhizomes.

90 percent; 100-percent survival of

rhizomes.

99 percent; 80-percent survival of

rhizomes.

100 percent; 50-percent survival of

rhizomes.

Ineffective

40 1b-..- do do601b do Fla

80 1b do doTreated May 15, surface

water, highly organic soil.

Treated May 20, plots dry

thereafter.

do

do.

do

do-..

dodo

Treated May 13, plots flooded

after treatment.

do.

do

do

do

do.

do

10 to 30 lbs Water

20 1b do

30 1b..

40 1b

50 1b

60 1b

70 1b..

80 1b

20 1b

do

'.'.'.'.ido'/.y.'."""

do

do.

do..-.

do--

10-20 percent

40-50 percent

70-80 percent.

80-85 percent

90-95 percent

do

100 percent

30 1b

40 1b.

50 1b

60 1b.

70 1b...

80 1b...

do

'."'.'.do/.'.'.y.'.'.'.'.i

do

do...

do. '.".'.'.doi'.'."'.'.'."'.'.'.'.'.

3 to 30 lb Water Inefifective Treated in May, plots not

covered with water.

(101)

{101)

{101)

(101)

{101)

{101)

{101)

{101)

{101)

{101)

{101)

{101)

{HD

{Ui)

{341)

{HI)

{101)

{HD

>

{HD^o

{HD

{HD 03

{101)H

{HD

{HD

(HD

{HD

{HD

{HD

{HD

{HD

{HD

{HD

{HD

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued 05

Paspalum distichum (Knotgrass)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, BE + 2,4,5-T_

2,4-D, IPE

2,4,5-T

2,4,5,-T, ester_

TCA

Dalapon.

Diuron_

0.25 percent-.

0.5 percent

0.5 percent

0.25 percent

-f-0.25 percent.

0.25 percent..

0.5 percent

0.5 percent

0.5 percent

0.5 percent

16 1b

16 1b

8 1b.+ SibDiesel fuel-

.doWater

Diesel fuelGood

Excellent top kilL50-percent top killExcellent top kill-_

4 to 6 Ib6 to 8 Ib6 to 8Ib6 to 8 Ib6 to 8 Ib4 1b

do

Water + TideDiesel fuel

Diesel fuel

Water

Water, 80 gal-.

Fair to good_

Poor kill

Good

Excellent

50 percent

None

Pond tests, plants in water

do -

do

Pond tests, plants in water

-do-

-do-

_doO.Spercent- 16 1b101b1 percentWater--

do241b. Water, 80 gal.

Partial top killSusceptible

No kill100 percent

50 lb.-t-3 lb.

8 1b

Water + Tide.

Water

-do.

.do.

Pond tests, plants in water

do

Sprayed on plants in shallow

water in ponds, Ga.

Pond tests, plants in water

Pond tests

Pond tests, plants in water

Sprayed onto exposed plants,

in ponds, Ga.

.do.

1.2 p.p.m.

.2.6 p.p.m.

16 1b. Good-.

KiUed.

Sprayed on plants in shallow

water, in ponds, Ga.

Filled pond, 1 year

Pond tests, Oreg

P)

(SIO)

(109)

Phragmites communis (Phragmites)

2,4-D -|- dalapon.

TCA

Dalapon.

6 1b.

200 to 250 Ib101b

20 to 50 lb...

22 1b

111b

2.5 to 31b201b

40 1b60 1b15 lbWaterWater-

.do-

.do_

.do-

.do.

Water, 265-500

gal.

do

-do.

-doNone at 3 months.

Pair to good.

95 percent

Complete kill

5 percent at 3 months..

90 percent at 3 months.

70 percent92 percentOS percent97 percentTreated June 15, hand spray,

Ariz.

Dewatered area

Treated June 15, plants intermittently under water.

do

Treated May 15, hand spray,

Ariz.

Treated July 15, hand spray,

Ariz.

Ponds in Israel, wetting agent,

.2 percent; recommended

rate.

Treated in Dec, spray, Calif..

.do-

-do.

-do-

{174) im)

{HD

{201)

{ne)

{1S6)

{im
Dalapon—Continued

Dalapon -{- amitrole. .

/

Monuron / .

/

Nebui'on .

Í

Amitrole .

Amitrole + 2,4-D

Amitrole + dalapon

(

Erbon .

{ ._ Simazine

Aromatic oils

Sodium chlorate

2,3-dichloroisobutyrate

30 1b Water 98 percent Treated in spring and summer, spray, Calif.

do

Treated in Oct., spray, Calif..

do

do

45 lb...

15 lb

do

do

do

do

do

100 percent

30 1b

45 lb do

15 to 20 lb Water, 100 gal ' Numerous field testings; recommended rate.

Refuge, nonflooded test, plots

in Del.

do

do

do

101b Water Fair .

151b

20 1b

30 lb

do

do

do

do

do

EfiFective ._ ..

15 lb +2 lb Water Dewatered areas .-

50 1b Water 70 percent -. . .. Sprayed in flowering stage,

Mass.

Treated July 23, hand duster,

Mass.

Treated in Aug ..

25 1b Dust 95 percent. _ .. .

60 1b do 100 percent

20 1b Good - Dewatered area. .. ..

4 1b Water

do

do

do

None Refuge, nonflooded test, plots

in Del.

do

do

do.

81b

16 1b

24 1b

I""do'I""----"II

do

2 lb- - Water Fair Refuge, nonflooded test, plots

in Del.

do

do

41b

15 lb

do

do

Good

Effective . -

4 1b. +6 lb .. Water Good Treated July 31, sprayed,

Minn.

Refuge, nonflooded test, plots

in Del.

Refuge, nonflooded test, plots

in Del.

do10 lb. +2 lb do

Water

Effective

15 lb Good . . .

25 1b - do . do

10 lb. . Water None - .- Refuge, nonflooded test, plots

in Del.

2 treatments per year for 3

years.

Ponds in Israel; recommended

rate.

Refuge, nonflooded test, plots

in Del.

500 to 600 gal. Good .-

(each).

200 to 300 gm./lO Water. .

sq. meters.

35 lb do None - .

{126)

{im) Im) im)

(.lee) Í21S)

{ßl7)

{ßlT)

(S17)

(S17)

(sil)

(m)

{217)

{217)

{217) B

{217) 9

{217) %

{217) ^

(217) W

(217) ñ

{ei7) §

{217) Ö

(217) S

>

(174)

{217)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

Phragmiies maximus (Reedgrass)

2,4-D, PGBEE 4.8 lb Diesel fuel

do

Water

90-100 percent

do

Resistant

Pond tests {210)

2,4-D, IPE 4 to Sib

10 lb

do

do ..

{210)

Dalapon.-- . {210)

Monuron 50 lb 100 percent Research trials, refuges

Dewatered pond area, 21

months.

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Pond tests

{97)

Diuron- .. .. 65 lb Water

do

Complete kill {210)

Amitrole . _. 20 lb {210)

Amitrole + TCA 3.4 lb. + 21.6 Ib-.- do 98 percent {210)

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Phragmiies maximus (Reedgrass)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2 1b. + 15 1b

8 1b. + 25 1b

Water

do

Satisfactory

do

Research trials, nonflooded

site, Del.

do --

(97)

Amitrole + dalapon

(97)

Erbon 25 1b Water Satisfactory Research trials, nonflooded

site, Del.

(97)

Polygonum spp. (Smartweeds)

CO

00

2,4-D_

2,4-D, PGBEE.

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, IPE

TCA-l-silvex.--

Dalapon

Monuron

Diuron

Amitrole.

Amitrole-I-TCA

Amitrole+dalapon.

Amitrole -j- erbon

Erbon

Sodium arsenits1 percent1 percent

.0.5 percent.

'0.5 percent.

10 p.p.m.

8 p.p.m.

8 p.p.m.

1 to lyi lb.

3.34 1b

80 to 100 lb_

4.8 1b

6 to 8 1b

4 to 8 1b

10 lb.-1-20.8 lb.

101b

65 1b101b.

3.4 1b.-t-21.6 1b_

6 lb.-f 5 lb

3.4 1b.-f20.8 1b_

10.4 1b

Water.

Water

Granules.

Diesel fuel.

Water

Diesel fuel.

Diesel fuel.

do

Water

do

Water. _

dododo.

doDiesel fuel.

Inconsistent50 percentComplete..

90-100 percent

Good

Good to excellentGood

90-100 percent

98 percent

Susceptible

Killed

Complete kill

98 percent

97 percent

96 percent

90 percent

Complete kill

Good for 2 months.

Sugarcane field

Ponds; recommended rate

Treated July 7, Wis

Treated May 7, checked

June 24, pond tests, Ark.

Pond tests

do

do

Pond tests-

.doPond tests

do

Pond tests, Oreg

Dewatered pond bottom, 21

months.

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Pond tests

do

-do.

.do.

Pond tests, 3 months

Pond with high iron concentration.

(115)

(SSê)

(101)

(')

(210)

(149)

(')

(')

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(')

Polygonum hydropiperoides (Waterpepper)

Monuron.

Diuron

241b.

481b.

241b.

48 1b.

50 percent75 percent75 percent95 percentPond test, N.J., 3 months

do

Pond test, N.J., 3 months

do

(159)

(159)

(169)

(159)
2,4-D.

2,4-D, amine_

2,4-D, ester__

2,4-D, BE..

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4,5-T

Silvex, PGBEE_

Silvex, lOE

Dalapon..

Monuron.

Benoolor 30.

Copper sulfate.

2,3,6 TBA.

HCA

Esteron 2,4,5-T.

2,4-D, ester.

Ponlederia cordata (Pickerelweed)

0.25 percent.

'0.1 percent.

10.1 percent

[O.l percent

fO.25 percent..

i 0.1 percent

0.25 percent..

0.1 percent.

1 p.p.m.

2 p.p.m.

'3 p.p.m.

3 p.p.m.

12 1b.

12 1b4.2 lb.

4 to 6 lb_

2 to 4 Ib5 to 30 lb

20 1b

50 1b

75 1b

100 1b

125 1b

750 gal./35 acres

-f700gal./25

acres.

300 lb.

500 1b

1.5 to 15 lb.

80 lb..

6.4 1b.

Water-l-Tween-20-

Water-|-Dupont

W-S.

Water H-Tide

Kerosene.

Diesel oilWater.-

do.

Water

Diesel fuel.

Diesel oil.-

Diesel oil.

Water

Water

Water, 11

Water.

Kerosene

Water-1-Tide.

Resistant.

do-..

100 percent at any

stage of growth.

85 percent

100 percent at any

stage of growth.

Excellent

Very susceptible

Excellent

Good

100 percent at any

stage of growth.

100 percent at any

stage of growth.

Satisfactory

do

Single application,

2 feet of water.

do

plants in

Pond testsTreated Sept. 26, 1957, Fla.

Pond tests

None

Unsatisfactory.

95 percent

do

do

do

SatisfactoryNone

do...

Resistantdo.

None..

85 percent.

80 percent.

Ranunculus sp. (Marshmarigold)

10 p.p.m. Killed.

do

do

Pond testsdo

do

Pond tests.

Pond tests, NE

do

Plants in ricefield, not flooded.

Research trials, SE

Pond tests, N.J

do

do

do

Pond tests, N.J.

Pond tests

do

Pond tests, N.J., 8 percent

maximum area treated at

one time.

do

Plants treated May 11, plots

not under water.

Treated Sept. 26, 1957, Fla...

Treated Dec. 17, 1957, Fla...

Pond tests, N.J.

im)

{')

(148)

(U8)

{159)

(159)

(159)

(169)

(118) f5

(206) M

(159) §

Ö

(159) %

(HI) >

am(in)

(169)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

CO

CO
Herbicide

2,4-D, isopropanolamine,

2,4-D

2,4-D, TEA_

2,4-D, BE...

2,4-D, ME.

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, Na salt2,4,5-T

Silvex

Silvex, lOE.

Monuron

Erbon.

AMS..

Delrad 70.

2,4-D, ester.

2,4-D, acid.

2,4-D

2,4-D-l-2,4,5-T_

2,4,5-T...

Monuron.

Diuron.

AMS

Polybor-chlorate _

TABIíE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Sagittaria subulata (Arrowhead)

Concentration

, 1 peroent0.05 percent0.1 percent--

0.5 percent--

0.1-0.2 percent.

0.5 percent..

0.5 percent--

0.25 percent.

0.1 percent- -

0.3 percent..

iO.3-0.5-0.8

p.p.m.

2 p.p.m

4.6 p.p.m..

9.2 p.p.m--

15.4 p.p.m.

1 p.p.m

2 p.p.m.

Rate per acre '

40 lb..

1.5 1b3 1b-

'sTb'-

2.4 1b..-.

3 lb

4 to 6 lb.

2 to 4 Ib4 to 6 Ib41b25 lb50 lb..

100 lb.

400 lb.

Carrier

WaterWater

Diesel fuel

Water + 2% Tide

Water

do

Kerosene

Kerosene

Water + Tide

Diesel fuel

do

Water

do

Water

OS.

Vatsol

Control or response Remarks

IneííectiveKilled

Moderately resistant.

Eradicated

Excellent kill

Good kill

Fairly resistant

Moderately resistant

Moderately resistant

Fair to good

Excellent

Good

No kill

Good

100 percent

Satisfactory

Satisfactory

90 percent

95 percent

100 percent

Unsatisfactory.

Killed leaves..-

Unsatisfactory.

Pond tests, NE

Rieefields, La

Ponds; recommended rate_

Lake tests, TVA

Pond tests

do

.do.

.do.

Lake tests, TVA.

Lake tests, TVA.

Pond tests

.do.

do.

Pond tests, late in season.

Pond tests

Pond tests. Mass

Research trial, spray, N.J

Pond tests, NE

Pond tests, N.J

do

do

Research trials, N.H

Pond tests; plants recovered.

Research trials, N.H

Reference

Salix spp. (Willows)

1 percent.

1 percent -|-

1 percent.

5 p.p.m..

10 p.p.m.

2.5 p.p.m.

5 p.p.m..

10 p.p.m1 to 2 lb

80 to 100 lb.

3.5 lb.

100 lb.

8 lb...

Fuel oil..

Water

Granules.

Fuel oil.

Water...

Water, 125 gal.

Dust

Killed

Suppressed growth.

None to partial

Küled.

95 percent.

Killed

do

Injured

Killed

do

100 percent.

20 percent..

Painted on stumps.

Treated May 7, checked June

24, black willow, pond tests.

Ark.

Painted on stumps

Treated Aug. 1, 111.

Pond tests, Oreg

do.

Pond tests, Oreg.

dodoTreated July 18, VtTreated July 25, Ky.

(.IW

{200)

(êss)

{im

(=)

(^)

{U9)

{104)

{147)

{im

{')

{')

{')

{')

{176)

{123)

{97)

{148)

{159}

{169)

{159)

{97)

{103)

{97)

{239)

{239)

{')

O

O

{109)

{109)

{109)

{109)

{109)
2,4-D, ester.

2,4-D

2,4-D + 2,4,5-T.

2,4-D + 2,4,5-T (1:1).

2,4-D +2,4,5-T

2,4,5-T.

Silvex.

2,3,6 TBA.

A—S. interior (S. longifolia)

B—S. amygdaloides

C—S. lucida

Salix spp. (Willows) (Continued)

D—8. discolor

E—8. exiqua

F—S. cordata

ispeóles indicated by letters in "Eemarlts" column]

G—S. lútea

H—S. caroliniana

I—S. alba

10-12 percent.

10 percent12 percent3 1b

1.4 1b. (each).

8.4 1b

4.2 lb. + 4.2 Ib3.57 lb_

4 1b_ —

2 Ib.-.

2 1b—.

7.44 Ib.

4 1b....

6Ib...

8.4 Ib4 ib...

8 1b

4 to 8 lb.

1. 5 Ib....

3 1b

9 1b..

15 1b.

Diesel oil

Diesel oil, 9 gal_-

Water, 2 gai.

(each).

Diesel oil, 11 gal.

Diesel oil, 5.5 + 5.5

gal.

Diesel oil

Diesel oil, 4 gal

Killed all leaves.

95 percent

80 percent

50 percent

60 percent.

Fair

95 percentDiesel oil, 3 lbs.,

water 40 gal.

Diesel oil + water

(1:7).

Water

Water, 100 gal...

Diesel oil

.do.

do

Diesel oil, 11 gal.

Diesel oil, 11 gal.

-do.

Diesel oil

Diesel oil

Diesel oil, 11

.do.

.do.

75 percent

100 percent

70-75 percent.

95 percent

100-percent wilted.

do

95 percent.

85 percentNone

25 percent.

99 percent.

None

10 percent.

25 percent50 percent.

Treated July 21, sprayed, B,

C, D, E present.

Treated June 20, airplane, E,

F, G present.

Treated June 27 and July 29,

airplane, A present.

Treated July 18, airplane,

evaluated 1 year later, H

present.

Treated July 18, airplane,

evaluated 1 year later, H

present.

Treated Aug. 3, airplane

Treated July 1, airplane,

Minn., marsh and upland

treatment.

Treated June 1 and Sept. 30,

sprayed, Mich.

Treated June 25, airplane,

Wis., F present.

Treated June 4, and Sept. 1,

sprayed, Fla.

Treated Aug. 4, sprayed

Treated June 28, hand sprayed,

A present.

Treated July 5, hand sprayed,

A present.

Treated July 11, hand sprayed,

111.

Treated July 18, airplane, 1

year, H present.

Treated July 18, airplane, 1

year, H present.

do

Basal spray

Basal spray

Treated July 18, airplane, 1

year, H present.

do

do

See tootnotes at end ot table, p. 121.

(101)

mi)

(êê6)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

>

Cd

ö

a
TABLE 11.-—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued o

to

A—shining

B—peach-leaved

C—pussy

D—sandbar

Salix spp. (Willows) (Continued)

E—long-beaked

F—heart-shaped

G—black

H—silky

[Species indicated by letters in "Remarks" column]

I—hoary

J—coyote

K—whiplash

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D.

2,4-D, amine.

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D-|-2,4,5-T (9:5).

2,4-D-f2,4,S-T (1:1).

2,4-D-F 2,4,5-T (2:1).

2,4-DH-2,4,5-T.

2,4-D-f-2,4,5-T (1:1).

2,4-D, LV-F2,4-D, IPE.

2,4,5-T

AMS

6.68 Ib3.34 lb.

Water, 50 gal.

Water

20 percentGood

4 1b.

2 1b.

Water.

.do.

60-80 percent.

90 percent

3.34 lb.

5 lb-..

Diesel oil, 12 gal.

Diesel oil

3 lb.—

3.81b..

3.15 1b.

3 lb

4 lb....

Diesel oil, 3 gal...

Diesel oil, 10 gal.

Diesel oil, 7 gal. .

do

Good

Negative

95-100 percentGood initial kill;

regrowth.

95-100 percent..

3.34 lb.-I-0.83 lb.

(each).

3.34 lb.+ 3.34 lb.

Water, .5 gal.,

diesel oil, 5 gal.

Diesel oil, 1 gal

1.8 1b

1.71b.+0.961b..

2.2 lb.+ 0.92 lb.

(each).

2 1b

Diesel oil.

Fuel oil-.

Water

95 percent.

90 percent.

75 percent.

90 peroent95 percent,

do

3.34 lb.+ 0.83 Ib3.34 lb.+0.83 Ib4 1b

Diesel oil+water

(1:7).

Water, 27 gal

Diesel oil, 3 gal.

Diesel oil, 4 gal.

do

100 percent.

do

90 percent.

95 percent.

4 1b. + 3.34 1b.

6 1b

100 1b

Diesel oil, I

Diesel oilWater

Complete on J, partial

on K.

90 percent

100 percentTreated Apr. 23, S.C

Treated July 26, sprayed,

Wis., A, B, C, D present.

Treated June 13, airplane,

Wis., A, B, C, D present.

Treated July 22, airplane,

Idaho.

Treated July 5, airplane, Oreg.

Treated June 29, airplane, La.,

G present.

Treated June 12, airplane,

111.

Treated June 6, airplane,

Wis., C, D, E present.

Treated July 9, airplane,

Minn., C, D, E, G present.

Treated June 26, airplane,

Mich., A, C, H, I present.

Treated July 27, Mich.,

sprayed.

Treated July 14 and 17, airplane, Mo., D, G present.

Treated Aug. 9, airplane, Wis.,

A, B, C, D present.

Treated June 8, airplane, Minn.

Treated June 18, aircraft, lU...

Treated July 10 and Sept. 5,

sprayed. 111.

Treated June 25, airplane,

Wis., C, D present.

Treated July 2, sprayed, Mo.,

D, G present.

Treated July 9, airplane. Mo.,

D, G present.

Treated July 1, airplane,

Minn., marsh and upland

treatment, C present.

Treated June 23, airplane,

Oreg.

Treated July 1-12, sprayed,

111.

Treated July 17, sprayed, Vt.,

G present.

{$41 mi

mi

mi

mi

mi

mi

mi

mi

mi mi {sse

{zze
2,4-D, aminesw 2,4-D, esters

g 2,4-D.-..

i

f 2,4-D, TEA

[ 2,4-D, BE

^ 2,4-D, ME

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D, Na salt..

2,4-D-F2,4,5-T..

2,4-D or 2,4,5-T2,4,5-T

AMS2,4-D, PGBEE2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, MB

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D, Nasalt..

2,4-D, TBP....

Silvex

Diuron

Erbon

Amitrole.

Amitrole -|- dalapon .

2,4-D, low volatile ester.

2,4-D

2,4-D, BE

Silvex

Copper sulfate.

Salix nigra (Willow)

0.6 percent.

ro.5 percent..,

L0.5 percent...

0.25 percent..

fO.5 percent

[0.5 percent

0.5 percent...

fO.6 percent...

[0.5 percent...

0.5 percent-|-

0.5 percent.

0.5 percent...

[0.3 percent.

3 1b_

3 1b.

1 lb.

3 1b11b

3 1b

6 to 8 lb.

1 lb

3 1b

3 1b.

300 1b

100 to 300 lb.

75 to 150 lb.

Oil.

.do.

Water+detergent.

Water

-do.

Diesel fuel.

Water

do

Diesel fuel

Water

do

Water, 100 gal.-|-

3% diesel oil.

Oil

Water-1-2% Tide..

Water-l-VatsolOS.

Water-¡-detergent.

do

Effective.

do-.-

Satisfactory.

Kiiled.III'I'

Satisfactory.

do

Good.

Satisfactory.

95 percent--

Not too effective

Good

Killed

Killed tops; regrowtliSaururus cernuus (Lizardtail)

Aerial application, may have

to extend over 2-3 years.

-do.

Foliage spray; recommended

rate.

Lake tests .

do

Pond tests.

Lake tests-

.doPond tests

Lake tests

do

Treated Apr. 28, sprayed.

Recommended rate.

Aerial application. _

Pond tests

Pond tests

do

Foliage spray; recommended

rate.

4 percent ..

5 percent

0.5 percent.

0.5 percent.

5 percent

4.8 lb.

3 1b.

4 to 8 lb.

3 1b

10.4 lb.

83.2 lb.

62 lb...

10.4 lb.

10 1b..

5 lb.-1-5 IbDieserfuel

Water or kerosene.

Water

Diesel fuelWater

Kerosene--

Diesel fuel-

.do..-.

Water.

Diesel fuel.

Water

.do.

90-100 percent.

Good

Satisfactory

Slight

90-100 percent.

Good

Good kill

88 percent

80 percent

Eradicated

90 peroent97 percent.

Scirpus spp. (Bulrushes)

Pond tests, Ala...

Pond tests, TVA.

Lake tests, TVA.

-doPond tests, Ala...

Pond tests, TVAPond tests. Va

Pond tests, Ala-.,

.do.

Dewatered pond bottom, 21

months.

Pond tests, Ala

Pond tests, Ala.; recommended rate.

Pond tests, Ala

1 p.p.m.

2 p.p.mf3 p.p.m-

[3 p.p.m4 lb. (each).

80 to 100 Ib2 1b

Diesel oil, 4 gal.

Granules

Water

Good

Complete--

95 percentPoor

90-100 percentNo effect

do

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

2 appHcations, airplane, Oreg.

(hardstern).

Treated May 7, checked June

24, pond tests. Ark.

Treated July 1, airplane, S.

acuius.

Only control from spray contact, pond tests, N.J., S.

americanus.

Pond tests, N.J., 3-4 weeks -

Pond tests

do ::

{17^)

{174)

im)

um

(147)

{')

{U7)

(.147)

ß(147)

(147)

(101)

(174)

(175)

(IOS)

(103)

(216)

(BIO)

(147)

(147)

(147)

(êio)

(147)

(SSI)

(BIO)

(êlO)

(210)

(SlO)

(101)

(118)

H

S)

a

ö

ö

I

O

CO
o

TABLE 11.—Ejects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Scirpus californicus (Saltgrass)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D 6.681b Water 100 percent WO)

Scirpus rubricosus {S. eriophorum) (Woolgrass)

2,4-D, TEA

2,4-D, PGBEE_

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, ME

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D, Na salt-.

Silvex

TCA-FsilvexDalapon

Diuron

Erbon

Amitrole

Aïnitrole+dalapon . .

Amitrole -|- kuramine .

3 1b

4.8 1b

2.4 1b

3 1b

4 to 8 lb...

3 1b

10.41b

83.2 1b

10 1b.4-20.i

10 1b

65 1b

lb.

10.41b

201b

5 1b.+51b

6.8 lb.-I-20.8 lbWater

Diesel fuelWater

do-...

Diesel fuel.

Water

Water..

do.

doDiesel fuel.

Water

do....

do

Resistant

90-100 percentResistant

do

90-100 percentResistant

88 percent

80 percent

98 percent

Resistant

Complete kill..

90 percent

Failed to kill.

Poor kUl

90 percent

Lake tests, TVA.

Pond tests

Lake tests, TVA.

do.

Pond tests

Lake tests, TVA.

Pond tests

.do.

Pond tests

do

Dewatered pond bottom, 21

months.

Pond tests

do

do

do

(U7)

(210)

(147)

{W)

{210)

(141')

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

(210)

Scirpus validus (Soft-stem bulrush)

2,4-D

2,4-D, TEA.

2,4-D, TBP.

2,4-D, BE...

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4,5-T

Amitrole

Erbon

Sodium arsenite.

1 percent

15 percent-.-

rs percent

L5 percent

ri percent

10,25 percent.

10.25 percent.

LO.5 percent..

0.3 percent- -

ri6 p.p.m.

,5 percent.

2 to 4 lb.

6 to 8 lb.

10 to 20 Ib10 to 16 lb.

Oil

Water

Kerosene.

Water

Diesel fuel.

Diesel fueldo---

Water-F.2% TideWater

Diesel fuelKilled

Good kill.-

Tops killed in 3 weeksGood

95 percent

Pair to good

Good

Good

Killed in 1 year; regrowth 2d year.

Partial

No kill of roots

None

Ponds; recommended ratePond tests (round stem)—.

do

Pond testsPond tests-

.do.

Pond testsdo---

Pond testsdo-..

.do-

.do.

.do-

(231)

(231)

(122)

am

c)

(')

(175)

(113)

(')

(SSO)

(170)
Silvex.

Dalapon.

MH.

iSparganium spp. (Burreed)

1 p.p.m. Promising.

Sparganium americanum or eurycarpum (Burreed)

2,-t-U

2,4-D, ester.

2,4-D, TEA

2,4-D, BE..

Monuron

Diuron

1 percent

0.6-0.7 percent.

15 percent

0.5 percent..

5 p.p.m

5 p.p.m

Water.

-do-

.doKilledGood.-

dodo.

Sparganium angustifolium (Burreed)

2,4-D, ester.._

Monuron

Copper sulfate

110 p.p.m..

115 p.p.m..

[20 p.p.m..

[4.6 p.p.m..

9.2 p.p.m..

15.4 p.p.m.

25 lb..

50 lb..

100 lb.

75 lb125 lb.

300 lb.

500 lb.

None..

dodo

90 percent..

95 percent..

100 percent.

95 percent..

100 percent.

Resistant

do

Spartina bakeri (Baker's cordgrass)

5 1b.

7.5 1b

10 1b

12.5 1b

15 1b

17.5 1b

20 1b

22.5 1b

251b

30 1b

5 lb.-h 5 lb.

5 lb.-MO lb.

5 to 20 lb_-

Water.

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

_do_

.do.

.do-

.do.

doWater..

15 percent75 percentdo

80 percent.

do

70 percent.

80 percentdo

70 percent.

99 percent90 peroentdo

Poor to fair.

Research trials, N.J.

Ponds; recommended rate

Ponds in Israel; recommended

rate.

Pond tests

do

Pond tests, Oreg

do

Pond tests, N.J.

do

do

Pond tests, N.J.

do

do

do

do

Pond tests.

do

Treated May 14, plots on

moist soil that had been

burned.

do

.do.

-do-

.do.

.do.

.do-

.do-

.do.

.doTreated May S and July 23,

plots on moist sou.

do

Treated May 5 and July 23,

plots on moist soil.

(97)

(Wl)

(SSO)

049}

[109)

{109)

(169)

(159)

(159)

(169)

(169)

(159)

(159)

(159)

(159)

(159)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121,

O
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Spartina cynosuroides (Cordgrass)

Herbicide

Dalapon.

Dalapon+amitrole.

2,3,6 TEA

Concentration Rate per acre i

6 to 30 lb_

50 1b

30 1b

20 1b

10 1b

20 lb. + 101b.

3 to 30 lb_

Carrier

Water

Water, 200 gaL

do

do

do

Water, 200 gal_

Water

Control or response

IneffectiveOS percentdo

90 percent50 percent99 peroent-

. Ineflective.

Spartina patens (Saltmeadow cordgrass)

Remarks

Treated May 10, plants not

flooded.

Air treatment in July, plants

7 feet high and dense, refuge.

do

-do.

-do.

Air treatment in July, plants

7 feet high and dense, refuge.

Treated May

under water.

16, plot not

Reference

{101)

We) m^)

(US)

mi)

o

Dalapon.

5 lb. (each)-

7.5 1b. (each).

10 lb. (each)-.

12.5 1b

15 lb-..

17.5 lb.

20 lb...

22.5 lb.

25 lb—

27.5 1b.

30 lb...

15 lb-.

17.5 1b

20 lb

22.5 1b

251b

27.5 1b

30 1b

5 lb (each).

5 lb. (each).

5 lb. (each).

Waterdo.

.do

-do.

-do.

.do.

-do.

.do.

-do.

-do75 percent85 percent.

95 percent10 percent.

do....

25 percent.

40 percent50 percent,

.do.

97 percent.

70 percent80 percentdo

85 percent.

90 percent,

do92 percent95 peroent90 percent.

85 percentdo-..-

Treated Apr. 20 and June 11,

surface water.

do

do.

Treated Apr. 20, plots with

surface water.

do...

-do.

-do.

.do-

.do.

.do.

-doTreated June 11, plots with

surface water.

do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do-

-do.

5 apphoations, Mayl4toJune

27, sprayed established

growths.

3 applications, May 14 to June

11, sprayed established

growths.

3 applications. May 14 to

May 19, sprayed established growths.

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(101)

(100)

(100)

(100)
Dalapon—Continued.

5 1b. (cach)_ 5 1b. (each)_ 5 1b 5 lb. (each) _ 5 lb. (each)._. 5 lb. (each) 5 lb. (each) _ _. 5 lb. (eaoh)--- 5 lb. (each) 5 1b

None in 1958_

do

.do.

.do-

.do-

.do.

do

5 lb. (each).

None in 1958. 5 1b

20 1b 5 lb. (each). 5 lb. (each).

_do-

_do.

,du-

.du_

80 percciit.

-do.

60 percent.

90 percent.

do

85 percent.

90 percent.

85 percent.

do

60 percent.

90 percent.

do

25-40 percent.

10 percent

5-10 percent..

None

do

90 percent

20 percent.

60 percent.

90 percent.

do

80 percent.

to

1,

to

to

to

2 applications, May 14 and

May 22, sprayed established growths.

2 applications. May 14 and

May 29, sprayed established growths.

1 application. May 14, sprayed established growths. 4 applications. May 14

June 4, sprayed, plot

burned.

4 applications, May 14

June 27, plot 2, burned.

3 applications, May 14

May 29, plot 3, burned.

3 applications. May 14

June U, plot 4, burned.

2 applications. May 14 and

May 22, plot 5, burned.

2 applications. May 14 and

May 29, plot 6, burned.

1 application. May 14, plot 7,

burned.

Rechecked 15 months after

treatment, plot 1, refuge.

Rechecked 15 months after

treatment, plot 2.

Rechecked 15 months after

treatment, plot 3.

Rechecked 15 months after

treatment, plot 4.

Rechecked 15 months

treatment, plot 5.

Rechecked 15 months

treatment, plot 6.

Rechecked 15 months

treatment, plot 7.

5 applications in 1957, plot 8,

not burned before treatment, refuge.

Rechecked 15 months after

treatment, plot 8, refuge.

Treated June 25, checked in

Oct. 1958.

do

after

after

after

Treated June 25, July 16,

and July 29, checked in

Oct. 1958.

Treated June 25 and July 16,

checked Oct. 1958.

(100)

{100)

(100)

(H2)

(m)

(2m

(U^)

(U^)

(zm

(HS)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

O
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—^Continued

Spartina patens (Saltmeadow cordgrass)—Continued

Herbicide

Amitrole -

Amitrole+ dalapon _

Concentration

2,4-D, PGBEE2,4-D, IPE

Silvex

TCA+silvex

Dalapon

Monuron

Amitrole

Amitrole+erbonErbon

Rate per acre '

5 lb. (each) _

3 lb. (each) _

5 lb. (each).

3 lb. (each).

1 lb. (each)_

3 1b

5 1b__

20 1b1 lb..

1 lb. (each).

lOlb. + lOlb5 lb.+ 10 lb..

3 1b. + 10 1b..

2 1b.+ 3 1b...

1.5 1b. + 2 1b.

10 1b. + 3 1b_.

5 1b. + 51b...

Carrier Control or response

None.

_do50-60 percent.

40 percent.

10 percent.

None

40 percent.

None

do

-do.

80 percent.

60 percent.

do

55 percent.

40 percent.

50 percent.

60 percent.

Remarks

Treated June 25, and July 16,

checked Oct. 1958.

do.

Treated June 25, July 16,

and July 29, checked in

Oct. 1958.

do

.do.

Treated June 25, checked in

Oct. 1958.

do

do

Treated June 25, checked in

Oct. 1958, 400 sq. ft., plots

in refuge.

Treated June 25 and July 16,

checked in Oct. 1958, 400

sq. ft., plots in refuge.

Treated June 25, checked in

Oct. 1958, 400 sq. ft. plot,

refuge.

do

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

Reference

We)

We)

WS)

Spartina spartinae (Cordgrass)

4.8 1b

4-8 lb

10.4 1b

83.2 1b

10 1b. + 20.8 1b.

10 1b

12-15 lb

20 1b

3.4 lb.+ 20.8 lb.

10.4 1b

Diesel fuel.

do

Water

do

do

do

do....

Diesel fuel.

90-100 percent.

do

88 percent

80 percent

98 percent

Partial

Very effective..

96 percent.

90 percentPond tests.

do

do

do

Pond tests.

do....

Ponds; recommended rate.

Pond tests

do

(210)

{210)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

WO)

O

00
Spariina X townsendii (Cordgrass)

Dalapon,

Fenuroii_

Feiiuron+2,4-D+sodium borate.

Monuron,

Monuron+sodium berate.

Diuron (WP).

201b301b.

401b501b.

40 1b601b15 lb. (fenuron) - ..

15 lb. (fenuron). ..

20 1b. (fenuron).-.

20 lb..

40 Ib250 lb.

500 lb.

1,000 1b.

20 lb....

401b.

40 1b.

601b.

Water, 100 gal.

do

.do.

.doWater, 100 galdo

GranulesWater

-do.

Granulesdo.--

Granules.

do...

do

Water, 100 galdo

-do.

-do.

76 percent; complete

recovery in 2 years.

48 percent; complete

recovery in 2 years.

84 percent; complete

recovery in 2 years.

do

92 percent..

96 percent;

kill.

65 percent-.

60 percent-.

9-percent

99 percent in part of

plot; 10 percent in

part.

27 percent; recovery

in 2 years.

53 percent; recovery

in 2 years.

69 percent; 40-peroent

recovery in 2 years.

94 percent; 40-percent

recovery in 2 years.

20 percent.-

9 percent; strong recovery in 2 years.

32 percent; strong

recovery in 2 years.

50 percent

70 percent

11 months, England -

do

-do.

-do3.5 months, England15 months, England1 year, England

Injected into mud, 1 year,

England.

do

11 months, England.

do

11 months, England.

do

15 months, England.

11 months, England -

do

15 months, England -

do

(194)

urn

UH)

(194)

{194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

(194)

Tamarix gallica (Saltcedar)

2,4-D.

2,4-D

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D-i-2,4,5-TSilvex, lOE

2 1b3 1b.

Water, 200-400

gal.

Oil, 15-20 gal...

Excellent.

do...

Retreatment necessary,

ground spray.

Aircraft application

Typha spp. (Cattails)

2 p.p.m.

80-100 lb...

5.011b

5 lb. (each).

10 1b

2 lb. (each).

Granules

Diesel oil

Water, 5 gal.

Kerosene, 50 gal.

Diesel oil, 3 gaL.

None to complete.

90 percent

75 percent

80 percent...

SatisfactorySatisfacto^yTreated May 7, checked June

24, pond tests. Ark.

Treated Apr. 30, airplane,

Fla.

Air treatment May 15, June

13, and July 17, checked

Oct. 27, refuge.

Treated Sept. 6, 1957, Fla

Research trials, N.Y

Treated June 29, pond tests,

NE.

(')

(U2)

{121)

{97)

(US)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

O

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Typha spp. (Cattails)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

Dalapon.

20 1b

10 and 5 1b_

10 and 5 Ib20 and 5 lb_

10 and 5 lb_

10 and 5 lb_

10 and 5 1b10 and 5 Ib201b

10 and 5 1b.

20 1b20 1b201b10 and 5 1b.

10 and 5 Ib15 and 20 lb.

201b

20 1b

20 and 5 lb-.

10 and 5 Ib.

20 1b

20 1b

Water, 11 galWater, 8 gal..

-do_

Water, 11 gal_

Water, 8 gaLWater, 11 galWater, 8 gal._

_do-

-do-

-dodo

Water, 5 gal.

Water, 8 gaL

do

-doWater

Water, 11

do--.

_do_

-do_

-do55 percent75 percent60 percentdo

80 percent70 percent80 percent40 percent60 percent90 percent97 percent

do

99 percent; killed in

4 montlis.

65 percent

Treated May 18, 1956, plot 1,

refuge.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 1.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 2, refuge.

Treated May 18 and June 20

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 3, refuge.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 3, refuge.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 4.

Retreated May 23, and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 4.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 5.

Treated May 18, 1956,

checked in*May 1957, plot

6.

Retreated May 23 and June

18, 1957, checked in Oct.

1958, plot 6.

Airplane, Fla

do

75-98 percent.

97-percent top kilL

95-100 percent

97 percent

98 and 60 percent- -

Air treatment June 7, 10

acres, refuge.

Air treatment May 15 and

June 9, checked Oct. 22,

refuge.

Air treatment June 13 and

July 17, checked Oct. 27,

refuge.

Research trials, refuges

Airplane, Fla

.do

Water, 8 gal97 and 70 percent95 and 55 percent98 and 60 percentTreated May 18 and June 20,

airplane, percent of kill

checked in Oct. 1956 and

May 1957.

do

do

do

ms)

m^)

(99)

(99)

ms)

(97)

{99)

(.99)

[SSB)
Dalapon—Continued.

Dalapon+ 2,4-D.

Dalapon+ 2,4,5-T.

Monuron

Amitrole.

10 and5 lb Water,

8 gal

do

do

90—95 percent Treated May 23 and June 18,

airplane, 2d year treatment

on plots.

Treated June 18, airplane

Treated June 18 and July 16,

airplane.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

airplane.

Treated May 18, airplane

Treated May 19, airplane,

N.C.

Treated May 15, sprayed,

Ariz., checked in3 months.

Treated May 23 and June 18,

airplane, N.C.

Treated Aug. 8, sprayed, N.Y._

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 2, refuge.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, checked in May 1957,

plot 5.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

1956, airplane, percent of

kill checked in Oct. 1956

and May 1957.

do.

20 1b 99 percent

.

10 and5 1b do..

10 and5 lb Water, 11 gal

Water,8 gal

Water

97 percent

201b 98 percent.

27 1b 97 percent

.

22 1b do None.

.

10 and5 lb Water,

8 gal

Water ._.. ..

90-95 percent

52.41b 100 percent

_

10 lb.+ 3.34 lb Water, 11 gal.+

diesel oil,5 gal.

do

do

do

Water, 11 gal

Water, 11 gal

do

50 percent

20 1b.+ 3.34 1b 60 percent

10 1b.+ 3.341b

20 1b.+ 3.341b

85 and 50 percent

90 and 60 percent

20 1b.+ 3.341b 90 percent. 1st treatment May 18, airplane; 2d treatment June

20.

Water less than 10 inches

deep, airplane, Fla.

Airplane, Fla

lOlb.+l lb 50-70 percent

20 1b.+l lb 80-95 percent

_

151b Unsatisfactory

90-100 percent

Research trialsN TT

5 1b Water, 200-400

gal.

Water, 200 gal

lI--IdoII"I"""I]I

5 1b 100 percent Not reDIíGated 3 1b

21b

do

do

do

do

3 and2 lb Water,

8 gal

do

85 percent Air treatment, June 13 and

July 17, checked Got. 27,

refuge.

Air treatment, June 13,

checked Oct. 27, refuge.

5 1b 80 percent

10 1b Water, 16 gal

Wateî,5 gal

Water...

95 percent

61b 85 percent Air treatment, July 17, 1957,

checked in Oct. 1957,

refuge.

Research trials, flooded,F&

WS, Del.

Treated June 22, Calif

Treated Aug. 17 and Aug. 25,

sprayed, Ariz.

Treated Aug. 13, airplane,

Minn.

5 1b Satisfactory

201b do Whitened leaves

16 and 24 lb Water

+ oil 40 percent^

.

Water,6 lb.+

ACP-M-357

and. ACP-M358 detergents.

41b 100-percent top kill

(99)a

{99)g

{97)a

{^11)o

{Ml)I

{211)^

{211)

{242)

{97)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.
TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

to

Typha spp. (Cattails)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

.

2 1b. + 5 1b

3 lb.+ 5 lb

Water, 200-400

gal.

do

90-100 percent

.. do --- -

Flowering through fruiting,

ratings made at 12 and 14

months, N.Y., Del., Md.,

N.C.

do

(ell)

Amitrole+ dalapon

{211)

2Ib. +5 1b

120 1b

61b

Water, 5-8 gal

Water, 200 gal

Water __ _-

Satisfactory Research trials, flooded, F

& WS.

Treated June 11, 1958, Fla

Treated Aug., sprayed, Minn.,

control varied with soil

density.

Treated Sept. 6, 1957, Fla

Treated Sept. 10, 1957, Fla.__

(97)

AMS X

»• 80 percent - . _. {121)

2 3 6 TBA Fair to complete

95 percent _

{226)

1f 511b

16 lb

Water, 85 gal

Water 100 ffal

{121) Dowpon do {121)

Typha angustifoUa (Cattail)

2,4-D, amine salt2,4-D, esters

2,4-D, EE.

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, sodium.

3 to 6 lb,

3 to 6 lb.

6 1b

4.23 lb.

4.23 lb.

4.23 lb.

2 1b

108.1 lb.

96.6 lb...

59 1b

33.9 1b...

25.3 1b...

15.41b...

9.2 1b....

7.51b.-..

6.11b....

3.9 lb....

3.3 1b...

2.7 lb....

6 to 8 lb.

13.71b.-

12.6 lb.

Water.

Water.

Water, 350 gal.

do

do

Ineffective,

doIneffective over long

period.

50-percent kill

80-percent kill.

85-percent kill 5

months after treatment started.

80-percent; less than

20-percent regrowth

2d year.

100 percent

-do-

.do.

-do-

-do.

.do.

.do.

do

do

95 percent

90 percent

85 percent

Complete kill.

50 percent

Irrigation canals,

do

.do.

Growing in water, resprayed

in 5 weeks.

Growing above waterline, resprayed in 5 weeks.

40 percentNot in water continuously

Greenhouse tests, % applied

1st application, checked in

6 weeks after 2d application.

do

do

dodo

do

do

do...

do

do

do

do ..

Irrigation channels

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

do

{168)

{IBS)

{157)

{157)

{157)

{167)

(157)

(181) S

(181)

{181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(180)

(181)

(181)
2,4-D, ester+diesel fueL

2,4-D, TCA

2,4-D, amine+AMS2,4-D, amine+TCA.

2,4-D +AMS

2,4-D, sodium-FAMS2,4-D, sodium-t-TCA _

2,4,5-T, esters

2,4,5-T

TCA.

DalapouDalapon-1-2,4-D.

Dalapon-|- amitrole.

MH

Amitrole.

750 p.p.m. _

1,125 p.p.m.

3to61b.+ 10g

4 Ib.-I-10 gal...

6 Ib.-I-10 gal...

8 Ib.-I-10 gal...

12 Ib.-fio gal..

4 Ib. 4-10 gal...

6 1b.-l-10gal_._

8 Ib.-fio gal...

12 Ib.-fio gal-,

1.5 and 10 Ib..

3 to 6 lb.-f 20 to

40 lb.

3 to 6 lb.-f 20 to

40 1b.

1.8 lb.-f 320 lb..

2 1b.-f40 1b

3 to 6 lb. 4-20 to

40 1b.

3 to6 1b. + 20to

40 1b.

3 to 6 1b

109 lb.

163 1b

5 lb. (each).

20 1b

20 and 5 lb.

10 and 5 lb.

20 1b

10 and 5 lb...

20 1b

10 and 3.34 lb.

20 and 3.34 lb.

5 1b.-f5 1b

65.4 1b

5 lb...

15 lb..

2.7 lb.

81b..

16 1b.

20 1b.

Water, 190 gal..

do

do

do..

....do..

....do._

....do-.

-do.

.do.

Water, 100 gal. -f

W/S.

Water-f wetter

sticker.

do

Water, 80 gal_

Water-f wetter

sticker.

do

Water.

Water

Water, 11 gal.

Water, 11 gal.+

diesel oil, 11 gal.

.do.

Water, 8 gal.

do

.do.

Water, 11 gal.-f

diesel oil, 5 gal.

do

Water

Water..

do.

do.

Excellent..

Very good,

.do.

Excellent

do

Fair to good.

do

do

do

80-90 percent.

Fair to good-.

.do.

Resisted

70 percent; 30-percent

regrowth 2d year.

Fair to good

.doIneffective.

do

.do.

Ineffective over long

period.

do...

85 percent

95 and 55 percent.

98 and 60 percent.

97 and 70 percent .

98 and 60 percent.

80-85 percent

95 percent

85 and 50 percent.

Irrigation canals.

do

do

-do.

.do-

-dodododo2 applications per yearIrrigation canals

-do-

-do_

Not in water continuouslyIrrigation canals

do

-doHeavy stands in irrigation

ditches.

do

Irrigation channels

-do2 applications, 2 weeks apart.

1 application in summer,

checked in fall and spring.

2 applications, 1 month apart,

checked in fall and spring.

do

90 and 60 percent95 percent

None

-do-

-do_

_do75 percent

95 percent

Stunting only.

Poor

Good..

do.

1 application, checked in fall

and spring.

Air treatment in May and

June, 81 acres, refuge.

Air treatment in June, 23

acres, refuge.

2 applications, 1 month apart,

checked in fall and spring,

2,4-D last.

do

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

Treated in Aug., sprayed,

Minn.

do

do

do

{1B8)

{168)

[168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

(168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

{168)

{157)

{157)

{168)

{158)

{168) ¡>

{167) O

{167) %

{167) ñ

{ijii w

{ell)

(99)

{99)

{99)

{99)

{98)

{98)

{99)

{99)

{211)

{181)

{mi)

{ni)

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

in

M

Oh-t O

H

ö

I

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

i4^

Typha angustifoUa (Cattail)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

AMS+fenuron. _ _ _. 120 lb.+ 10 lb

218 1b

Water 10 percent. _ (ell)

ATCA _ 50 percent

25 percent

Based on regrowth following

year.

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

(157)

PCP 712 gal (181)

Typha domingensis (Cattail)

2,4-D, ester.

2,4-D +wetting agent.

2,4-D.

2,4-D, IPE

2,4-D+ dalapon_

Dalapon.

3.3 lb.

4 1b...

12 1b.

4 1b..

12 1b.

4 1b-.

4 1b

4 lb. (each).

51b

5 1b.-

15 1b.

5 lb. (each)..

3.34 Ib.-I-7.4

20 1b

10 and 5 1b-.

20 1b

20 1b

20 1b

lb.

20 1b20 1b20 1b20 and 5 lb.

20 1b

Water

Water-1-VI^600

5%-25%.

do

Water-I-Tergitol

1.5%-7.5%.

do.

Water-|-Tween20 7.5%.

Water

Diesel oil, 5 galDiesel oil, 5 gal.

do.

Diesel oil, 3 gal.

(each).

Water

Water, 8 gal.

do

do

Water, 11 gal.

do

Water, 8 gal..

Water, 5 gal..

Water, 11 gal-

-do.

.do99 percent

80-90 percent.

5-80 percent.

100 percent..

do

-do.

100 percent ; no regrowth in 3 months.

99 percent; no regrowth in 6 months.

90 percent

90 percent.

80 percent.

90 percent

90 percent

99 percent

80-85 percent.-

95 percent

95-100 percent.

75 percent

Marsh tests, sprayed on plots.

Least kill with 25 percent

VL-600.

Marsh tests, sprayed on plots.

-do.

.do.

97 percentdo-.-

95 percent--

98 percent-.

100 percentTreated May 21

Treated June 11 and June 24,

Treated May 11, June 7,

July 11, and Aug. 7,

Treated in May and June

Air treatment, Apr., May,

and July, 97 acres, refuge.

3 applications, airplane, Ga.,

surface water present.

Treated June 17, sprayed,

Ga., surface water present.

Air treatment, Apr., 7 acres,

refuge.

Air treatment, May and June,

81 acres, refuge.

Air treatment, June, 23 acres,

refuge.

Treated Apr. 5, airplane,

some water coverage.

Treated Apr. 30, airplane,

surface water on areas.

do

do

jTreated May 18, airplane,

shallow surface water.

Treated May 18 and June 20,

airplane.

Airplane treatment

(174)

(M4)

m4)

{98)

{98)

{98)

(98)

{99)
Dalapon+ 2,4,5-TDalapon+2,4-D..

MH_

MH +2,4-D.

2,3,6 TBA.

Amitrole.

2,4-D

2,4-D, ester-.

2,4-D, ainine_

2,4-D, Dowanol ester.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

fl percent.

11 percent.

lOlb.-f-l qt.

lOlb.-t-l qt

201b.-M qt

20 lb.-1-1 qt

10 lb.-I-3.34 lb

51b

10 1b

201b

301b

2.5 lb.-f 12 lb

Water, 11 gal_

do

do

do

Water, 11 gnl

5 1b.-|-12 1b_.

10 lb.-1-12 lb.

20 lb.-f 12 lb.

20 1b.-|-4 1b_

5 1b.-|-41b_-

10 lb.-F 4 lb.

20 lb. 4-4 lb.

30 lb.-1-4 lb.

3 1b

9 1b..

15 1b.

Water..

do.

do.

do.

Water. _

50-55 percent.

65-70 percent.

80-95 ipercent.

90-95 percent.

85 percent

.do.

-do.

.do.

.do-

-dodo...

do...

do...

Diesel oil.

.do.

.do.

95-percent top kill

97-percent top kill

99-percent top kill

do

Complete; 10-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

Complete; 2-peroent

regrowth in 3

months.

Complete; 2.5-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

Complete; 1-peroent

regrowth in 3

months.

99 percent; 5-percent

regrowth in 3

months.

99 percent; no growth

in 6 months.

do

--.do

do

10 percent; contact

kill.

30 percent; contact

kill.

80 percent; contact

kill.

Treated Apr. 5, airplane,

some water coverage.

do

do

do

Dalapon applied May 18,

2,4-D applied June 20, airplane.

Marsh tests, spraying on plots.

do

do

do

MH apphed Mar. 20, 2,4-D,

Apr. 5.

MH apphed Mar. 30, 2,4-D,

Apr. 5.

do

.do.

MH applied May 21, 2,4-D,

June 4.

MH applied June 11, 2,4-D,

June 24.

do

-do-

. doTreated May 5, plots under

water.

do

.do.

Typha glauca (Cattail)

81b.

2.7 lb.

16 lb..

20 lb..

Water.

.do-

-do.

.do.

Poor.

Stunting only.

Good

do

Treated in Aug., sprayed,

Minn.

do

.do-

.do.

Typha latifolia (Cattail)

1.4 1b

41b

4 lb. (each).

20 1b

20 1b

Water, 2 gal..

Water, 50 gal.

Water, 50 gal.

(each).

Diesel fuel

Kerosene

40 percent

30 percent

30-40 percent.

90-95 percent.

do

Treated June 27, airplane

Treated Aug. 11, spray

Treated July 11 and Aug 10,

spray.

Pond tests

do

mi)

{241)

(.HI)

mi)

(HI)

(HI)

(')

(')

w

Ö

o

Oi
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

OÏ

Ty-pha latifolia (Cattail)—Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D

2,4-D (20 percent P)_

2,4-D, ester

2,4-D

2,4-D, BEE

2,4-D, BE_.

2,4-D, ME_

2,4-D, IPE.

2,4-D, sodium salt

2,4-D, Nasalt-^TCA...

2,4-D, nonvolatile Dow.

2,4-D-f2,4,5-T

0.5 percent-

(0.2-0.4 percent.

0.25 percent.

1 percent

1 percent

.1 percent

0.5 percent.

0.5 percent.

0.5 percent.

1 percent...

1 percent...

0.6 percent.

0.6 percent.

100 lb...

15.6 lb_.

1 lb

6 to 8 lb. (each).

10 1b

10 1b

3 1b

108 1b

84.1 lb

55.7 1b

46.81b

41.5 1b

27.3 1b

12 1b

9.2 1b

7.5 1b

71b

6.3 1b

3.4 1b

1.4 1b

9 to 12 lb...

5 lb. (each).

8 to 16 lb...

8 to 16 Ib6 to 12 lb.

4 to 8 lb..

17.5 1b..-

13.11b

3 1b

1.2 1b. + 10 1b_

10 1b.

10 1b

2 lb. + 2 lbOil.

Diesel oil, 9.3 ]

Kerosene, 25 g

Diesel fuel

Water.

Diesel fuel.

Water

Diesel fuel.

Kerosene.-

Kerosene.-

Water

Diesel fuel, 5

(each).

Water-t-.2%

dynawet.

Water-f.5%

Roccal.

Diesel fuel

do

Water.

Water.,

2 lb.-I-2 lbDiesel fuel

Kerosene

Water, 60-80 ;

do

Retarded

80-100 percentGood

do

-dodo

do

98 percentdoFair to good100 percent..

do

95 percent..

100 percent.

do

do

do

85 percent..

90 percent-.

95 percent..

85 percent-.

80 percent--

75 percent..

100 percent.

80 percent- .

Good top kill.

.do.

Good

90-100 percent.

40 percent

60 percent.

Resistant-,

Good

100 percent.

do

None

Ponds; recommended rate

Pond tests

Airplane application

2 quarts tributyl phosphate..

2 sprayings, 5-6 weeks apart,

ground spray.

Pond tests (slow acting)

Pond testsdo

do

do

Lake tests, TVA

Greenhouse tests, % at first

application, checked 6 weeks

after 2d application.

do

.do.

-do.

.do-

-do-

.do-

.do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

Irrigation channels

Air treatment, Apr., May,

and July, 97 acres, refuge.

Pond tests

.do-

.do.

.do.

100 percentGreenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application,

do.

Lake tests, TVA

1 quart sulfonate enaulsifier,

ground spray.

Pond tests

do

Spray application, 2 ponds,

field tests, Ga.

do

(SSê)

(.197)

(174)

(174)

(174) >

(104) S

Q

C) ^

(149) ^

(') 9

(') w

(147)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(.181)

(.180)

{98)

(?)

{')

(^)

{êlO)

(181)

(181)

(147)

(174)

P) h

{$36)
2,4-D+2,4,5-T+dalpon+Tide

2,4-D, PGBEE2,4-D, TBP.. ,

2,4-D, TEA-.

2,4,5-T, ester_

2,4,5-T_

Silvex

TCA .._.

TCA+2,4-D, IPE-...

TCA + 2,4-D, Nasalt.

TCA-F 2,4,5-T

TCA-I-AMS

TCA-1-süvex

Dalapon^

5 percent.

0.6 percent..,

0.3 percent.

1 percent.._

1 percent...

0.6 percent..

l.p.p.m..

5 percent.

5 percent-|-

0.5 percent.

5 percent+ 1

percent.

5 percent-h

0.5 percent.

5 percent-|-5

percent.

1.4 percent.

2.0 percent.

1.51b.-|-7.5 1b.-f3 lb.

1.5 lb.-M5 Ib.-f3 1b.

31b.-|-15 1b.-|-3 1b.

4.8 1b

3 1b.

4 1b10 lb.

10 1b.

1 lb..

2 1b..

3 1b-.

41b__

1681b

1681b. + 10 1b-..

1681b.-l-33.6 1b.

168 1b. -1-10 lb..

168 lb. 4-160 lbWater, 80 galdo

do.....

Diesel fuelKerosene..

Water

Water, 60-80 gal.,

Water+.2% Tide.

Diesel fuel

Kerosene

Water, 100 gal

do

do

Water, 60-80 gal..

100 percent; killed less

than 30 days in fall.

100 percent

Water, 200 gal.-f

1% Tide.

do

10 1b.-l-20.81b..

4Ib

16 1b8 1b..

10 and 5 lb.

2 1b..

10 1b

10 1b

20 to 25 lb.

10 to 20 lb.

6.8 1b

13.6 1b

20.41b

20 1b

10 1b

.do.

.do-

.do.

do

90-100 percent

Killed; appeared dead

in 10 days.

Resistant

95 percent

Good

100 percent.

98 percent-.

None

60 percent..

50 percent-.

100 percent.

Poor

Poor to fair.

Water

Dieselfuel-fwater,

4-80 gal.

Water, 80 gal

.do.

Water,8 gal. (each).

Water

Water, 4 gal

.doWater, 100 gal.

Water, 10 gal-.

Water, 100 gal.

do

doWater-.

do

dodoVery effectiveEffective

Very efifeotivePoor to fair--.

98 percent-.

100 percent.

-do.

-do.

80-85 percent90 percent65 percentSee footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

Satisfactory

None

60 percent

100 percent

90-99 percentPartial

EfiFective

do

Spray application, 2 ponds,

field tests, Ga.

Spray application, field tests,

Ga.

do

Pond tests

Lake tests, TVA

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests

do ;

do

Ditch tests,

do

15 months.

-doSpray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests, N.J., 3-4 weeks...

Pond tests

-do-

.do-

-do-

-do-

-doSpray application, pond tests,

Ga.

do

-doAir treatment May and June,

81 acres, refuge.

Ponds in Israel; recommended

rate.

Aerial application, growing in

less than 8 inches water,

Mich,

do

Suggested for general useAerial application

Ditch tests, 15 months

do

-doPond tests, 8 months

do

Dewatered area of pond.

do

(236)

[210) im)

(U7)

[m)

{m)

{14S)

(US)

(145)

P)

P)

(êlO)

(98)

(201)

(152)

(152)

(169)

(145)

(145)

(U5)

(210)

(210)

(')

P)

i

o

Ö

Ö

í>

•<t
TABLE 11.—Effects of certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued

Typha lalifolia (Cattail)—Continued

Herbicide

Dalapon+2,4,5-T_

Monuron.

Diuron.

MH.__

Amitrole.

Amitrole + dalapon.

Amitrole + erbon—

Erbon.

AMS.

AMS+TCA_

Chlorox

Copper sulfate.

Concentration

('S p.p.m..

10 p.p.m_

2.5 p.p.m_

1.2 percent.

'2 p.p.m.

.2 p.p.m.

Rate per acre '

6.8 lb.+ 1 Ib6.8 lb.+ 2 lb..

6.8 lb.+ 3 lb..

13.6 lb. + lib.

13.6 1b. + 2 1b.

13.6 lb. + 3 lb.

20.4 lb.+ 1 lb.

20.4 lb.+ 2 lb.

20.4 lb.+ 3 lb _

50 )b.

100 Ib-

"8Ôr4"ibI

10 1b.

10 lb.

6 1b

10 to 12 lb.

5 1b

5 1b

15 to 20 lb.

10 to 201b

12 1b

4 to 8 lb

20 lb. (each)

5 1b

Sib101b. + 20 1b....

3.41b. + 20.8 1b..

8 1b

10.41b

10 to 15 lb.

10 to 15 1b.

10 to 15 lb.

150 to 300 lb.

400 1b

10 1b. + 10 1b.

400 1b

Carrier

Water, 100 gal.

do

.do.

.do-

.do.

_do-

.do.

.do-

.do.

Water, 300 gal.

Water

Water, 320 gal.

Water

Water, 100 gal

do

Water

.do-

.dodo

do

do

Water, 100 gal.

Water

do

Water, 60-80 gal_

Diesel fuel,

-do

Water

Water + 0.1 percent dynawet.

Water + detergent.

Water + Vatsol OS

Water, 200 gal

Control or response

90 percent..

do

80 percent.-

100 percent,

do

.do-

-do.

.do.

doKilled-.

do50 percent in 22 days;

80 percentin 4months.

do

Injured

20 percent

100 percentEradicated.

Complete

39-peroent kill

Eflfective

97 percent

Complete J80-peroent top growth.

Remarks Reference

Ditoh'tests, 15 monthsdo

do

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do.

-doPond tests, Oreg.

do

Pond tests, N.J..

do

Pond tests, Oreg

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

Suggested for general use

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Pond tests

Pond tests; recommended

rate.

Ditchbank tests

Recommended rate

Pond tests; rate required for

control.

do

.do.

.do.

96 percent.

None

90 percent-.

Partial kill-.

Poor kiU...

Killed tops.

Killed tops; plants

recovered.

Partial kill

Unsatisfactory

Complete kill

Unaffected

do

2 applications, pond testsMarsh tests

Based on pond tests; recommended rate.

Pond tests

Spray application, pond tests,

Ga.

Pond tests

do - - -

-do-

- doPond tests.

do

Pond tests

Pond tests, N.J.

Hard water.

00

{US

ms

(109

{109

{159

{159

{109

{181

{169

{210

(91

(94

(96

(93

(96

(113

(127

(136

(138 du

{174

(94

(210

(210)

{')

{')

{')

(103)

(103)

(')

(159)

(230)

{^34)
2,3,6 TBA_

PCP.

2 1b

4 1b

6 1b

571.9 gaL

Water.

.do.

_do_

Stunting only; control varied with soU

density.

Poor to good; control

varied with soil

density.

Pair to complete; control varied with soil

density.

90 percent

Treated in Aug., sprayed,

Minn.

do

do

Greenhouse tests, checked 6

weeks after 2d application.

Veronica spp. (Speedwells)

Monuron_

Diui'on

10 p.p.m.

rS p.p.m_.

[10 p.p.m.

Killeddo.

doPond tests, Oreg_

do

-doZizaniopsis miliacea (Giant cutgrass)

2,4-D

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, IPE....

2,4-D, Nasalt.

2,4,5-T

Silvex

TCA.

Dalapon.

1 percent.

2 percentr2.5 percent..

[0.25 percent.

1 percent

3 1b_..-

8 lb-...

3 lb-..

10 1b._.

41b..-

35.4 lb860 lb645 Ib285 Ib380 Ib175 1b

85 1b

80 1b. (each).

192 1b—....

20 1b.

50 1b

75 1b

100 lb

50 and 50 lb.

50 and 14 lb.

100 1b

10 1b. (each)_

10 lb. (each).

Oil

Kerosene, 75

Water

.do.

Oil, 50 gal.

Oil

Water

Water

do

do....

.doWater..

do.

....do.

-.-.do.

.do-

-do-

-do_

.do-

-do-

-do-

-doWater, 8 gal.

(each).

do

ResistantKilled.—

ResistantKilled-.-

Excellent..

20 percent80 percent.

95 percentPonds; recommended rate

Lake tests, TVA

Pond tests

Lake tests, TVA

Pond tests

Pond test; recommended rate.

Pond tests

100 percentExcellent killFailed to eradicateIncomplete

45 percent

50 percent95 percent96 percent92 percent90 percent20 percentStunted onlyFollowing aromatic oils

Drained habitat, July spraying.

Drained habitat, July spraying, treated Apr. 25, plots

covered with water.

Pond tests

Pond tests; recommended rate.

Treated May 25 and July 19 .

Drained habitat, July spraying.

Treated Apr. 25 or May 26,

plots covered with water.

do

.do-

-do1st treatment, May 21, wet;

2d treatment, June 4, moist,

do80-peicent top killSee footnotes at end of table, p. 121.

Treated May 21, surface

water.

Treated June 13 and July 19,

sprayed, checked in Oct.,

wet plots.

Treated June 13 and Aug. 6,

sprayed, checked in Oct.,

wet soil.

(181)

(109)

{109)

(.109)

(.U7)

U96)

iW)

(.195)

(195)

(195)

(195)

(195)

o

MM

U)

M

M

O)-l Ö

H

Ö

(195)

(195)

(êU)

{225)

(99)

{99)

CO
TABLE 11.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on marginal weeds—Continued too

Zizaniopsis miliacea (Giant cutgrass) —Continued

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

10 1b Water, 8 gal

Water, 8 gal.

(each).

- do

Tidal area, 0-2 feet water, 1-

season test.

Treated June 13, July 9, and

Aug. 25, 1957, and May 28,

June 16, July 1, 1958,

checked in Oct. 1958.

5 applications in 1957,

checked in Oct. 1957 and

Oct. 1958.

Res6arch. trials I*J .T

{99)

10 1b. (each) {98)

10 lb. (each) _

None

Dalapon—Continued .. .

80 percent to none

90-92 percent

{98)

[97)

{97)

{140)

{140)

{140)

{140)

{140)

{140)

{im

{140)

am

{140)

{224)

{S24)

{224)

50 1b Water ..

100 1b . ..do... 100 percent Research trials, refuges

Treated May 6 and Aug. 4,

water depth 0-4 feet, Alazon Lake, Tex.

do

do

101b ... - 30 oz. Tide-Iwater, 100 gal.

do

do

.- do

80 percent, 1 year

90 percent, 1 year

95 percent, 1 year

15 1b

20 1b

10 lb— 75 percent, 1 year

80 percent, 1 year

100 percent, 1 year

99 percent, 1 year

do

80 percent, 1 year

Sprayed July 1, water depth

0-1 foot, Highland Lake,

Tex.

Sprayed July 1, water depth

0-4 feet, Tex.

Sprayed July 1, water depth

1-3 inches, Tex.

Sprayed May 29, drained

plots, Highland Lake, Tex.

do.

do

Dalapon+Tide 20 lb. - do

40 1b do-, . -

22 1b . do

28 1b

47.5 1b

20 1b

do

do

do 90 percent, 1 year

No kill .

Sprayed June 27, water depth

less than 10 inches, Tex.

Drained habitat, July spraying, treated Apr. 25, plots

covered with water.

do

do

do.

Treated May 25, plots covered

with water.

do..

do

do

Aauatio habitat

, 10 1b Water

30 1b

50 1b

80 1b

10 1b

301b

50 1b

80 1b

600 1b ..

do

do

do

do

do

do

do ..

y.'.y.doi""'//.''."'.'.

do

Good

Monuron .

{224)

{&U)

{224)

{224)

i^H)

(195)

(195)

(195)

(^H)

(224)

(224)

(225)

do.

100 percent

do

Not effective Diuron 600 1b do do

600 1b Water ._. . Effective kill Drv ülots

25 lb . ' Water 100 percent Marsh tests, sprayed plots

do

do

MH 60 1b

120 1b

do

do

90 percent

100 percent

5 to 50 1b Water Ineffective Treated May 24, heavy rain

Amitrole . ... _. 11 hours later.

5 to 50 1b . do Poor to 50 percent Treated May 28, heavy rain {S26)

48 hours later.
Erbon.

AMS_.

Chlorox.

Borascu

Sodium arsenite.

Sodium chlorate.

2,3,6 TBA

Polybor-ohlorate -

Brush killer

120 to 200 lb.

215 1b

4301b

100 lb.

50 gal...

25 gal...

75 gal...

1,000 1b.

100 lb._-

430 1b

1.5 to 30 1b.

430 lb...

1,075 lb.

645 lb...

100 lb...

40 lb__..

Water

Water, 50 gal..

Water+ Vatsol

OS.

Water+detergent.

Water+ detergent.

do

Water

Water..

dodo75-95 percent.

Killed

100 percent

Effective.

Excellent kill.

Good kill

do

Slight

Effective

do

Inefifective.

70 percent.

90 percent.

80 percent95 percentTreated May 4, area flooded.

Pond tests

do

Sprayed.

Ponds tests

Dewatered pond area

Watered area, pond tests.

Dewatered pond area

Sprayed

do

Plants treated in Apr. and

May, underwater throughout test.

Recommended rate.

Pond tests

do

{MS)

(195)

(.196)

(SIB)

(195)

(195)

(195)

(195) (m)

(215)

(101)

(195)

(196)

(195)

(196)

(196)

>

d

>

o

tata

o

o

>

MISCELLANEOUS SPECIES

A—Aeschynomene virginica, curly indigo

B—Caperonia casianeaefolia, Mexican-weed

C—Cyperus articulatus, yellow sedge

[Species indicated by letters in "Remarks" columnj

D—Sesbania macrocarpa, indigoweed

E—Sphenoclea zeylanica, gooseweed

2,4-D.

lib

.75 to 1 lb.

1.5 1b

1.5 1b.

1.51b.

Water..

do.

do-

-do-

.do.

Killeddodo.

do.

No kill.

Before flooding rice, B present

Ricefield, D present

After 6 weeks flooding ricefield, A present.

Ricefield, C present

Ricefield, E present

(ZOO)

(êOO)

(SOO)

(200)

' Except as indicated.

2 AUBDIIN UmVEKSITY. DATA ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN P0ND3.

3 Personal correspondence from T. W. Wright. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta., Farm Ponds Proj., Unpublished Ann. Epts. 1946-61.

to
TABLE 12.—Ejects oj certain aquaiic herbicides on floating weeds

Eichhornia crassipes (Water-hyacinth)

Herbicide

2,4-D, amine salt2,4-D

2,4-D alkanolamine salt_

2,4-D allyl

2,4-D,

2,4-D

2,4-D,

2,4-D

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D.

diethanolamine.

aoid, emulsifier..

acetamide

acid, emulsifier..

acetamide

diethanolamlneaeid, emulsifier..

acetamide

acid

¿Concentration

,1.3 percent0.07 percent

0.1 percent-.

0.06 percent

0.6 percent-.

0.5 percent-.

Rate per acre

1 to 4 Ib8 lb-.

2 lb-.

3 lb-.

4 lb-.

2.5 lb.

2 or more lb.

2 or more lb.

6 p.p.m.

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

2,4-D,

salt or ester..

BEE

invert, BEE.

BEE

invert, BEE.

BEE—

invert, BEE.

BE

2,4-D, IPE0.5 percent.

0.5 percent...

2 to 4 Ib2 to 4 Ib2 to 4 Ib0.5 lb—.

0.5 1b...

lib

lib

lib

1 to 1.5 Ib1.5 lb.

8 1b...

lib

2 to 4 lb

2 to 4 lb

0.5 1b

0.5 1b

lib

lib

2 or more lb.

18 1b

.5 1b

.75 1b

2 or more Ib.

36.1 Ib33 lb...

28.7 IbCarrier

Water, 2-150 gal.

Water, 80 gal

Water. _

dodo.

Water, 43-70 galdo

Acetone or

ethanol.

Water

do.

Water..

Water, 43-70 gal.

Water

Water, 43-70 gal.

Control or response

Good

90-percent kill

Killed in 3 weeks.

do

90-peroent kill in 3

weeks.

90-100 percent

90-100 percent; 60

percent sank in 41

days.

35-73 percent

57-88 percent

43-68 percent

22 percent

25 percent

35 percent

36 percent

33 percent

100 percent

95-peroent initial kill;

regrowth in 1

month.

Killed

Eradicated

Good

58-88 percent

23-38 percent

40 percent

15 percent

35 percent

23 percent

90-100 percent; 60

percent sank in 41

days.

95 percent

Good

do

90-100 percent; 60

percent sank in 41

days.

100 percent.-

.do-

. doRemarks

Lakes and streams;

mended rate.

(Carbowax 1500).

do

do

Lake testsTriplicated tests, Flado

do

-do.

.do-

.do.

.do-

.do.

Plastic-pool tests, Ala.

Sugarcane field

Rioefield, La

Ponds; recommended rate

Resprayed once to complete.

Streams and canals, Fla

Triplicated tests, Fla

do

do

do

do

do

Lake tests.

Irrigation channels.

Aerial application..

Air boat spraying..

Lake tests

Greenhouse tests, cheeked 6

weeks after 2d application,

tion.

--do

-.-do

applied at 1st applicaReference

(ell)

(174)

dU)

{153)

(153)

{IBS)

{156)

{155)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{ni)

(116)

{200)

{232)

{156)

{321)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{211)

{156)

{180)

{167)

{167)

{156)

{181)

{181)

{181)
f 28.3 1b do (181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(181)

(155)

(')

26.9 1b do

2, 4-D, IPE—Continued < 21.6 lb . 90 percent

95 percent

85 Dercent

do

do

do

18.2 lb

11.5 lb

2,4-D, IPE+ Na TCA 1.2 percent

+ 10 percent.

Í2 p.p.m

100 percent; all plants

sank in 41 days.

100 percent; plants

killed in 21 days.

100 percent; plants

killed in 14 days.

100 Dercent

Pond tests. _-

Silvex-- 5 p.p.ni do

Plastic-pool tests, Ala

Triplicated tests, Ga. _ _

(^)

Silvex, acid 5 p.p.m _ __ Acetone or

ethanol.

(211)

(235)

(235)

(180)

(211)

(211)

(211)

(211)

/ 1.5 1b 80 percent.- 1 2 lb-_ 90 percent do

Monuron _ 10tol9p.p.m. Killed

0.5 lb 57 Dercent Triplicated tests, Fla

Amitrole+NHiCNS 2 1b do __----

1 lb 82 Dercent do

„

f 1 lb 12 percent

48-83 percent

Triplicated tests, Fla .. 1 2 to 4 1b do - --- (211)

2,4-D

2,4-D, BE

2,4-D, IPE

Silvex

Silvex, PGBEE.

DCB

Erbon

AMS

Copper sulfate- _

Sodium arseniteDelrad

Oktone

#2 diesel fuelLemna spp. (Duckweeds)

1 percent

0.5 percent- -

0.5 percent- -

0.5 percent- -

10 p.p.m

2 p.p.m

4 to 6 p.p.m2.5 p.p.m

5 p.p.m

10 p.p.m

1 p.p.m

[5 p.p.m

1.5 p.p.m--.

3 p.p.m

,6 p.p.m

1 p.p.m

^0.7 percent4 to 6 lb_

15 gal.

150 lb_

20 gal20 gal50 gal75 galgo gáleo gal50 galOil

Water

Diesel fuelDiesel fuelWater

t)S.

+ Vatsol

Diesel fueldo_---

No eflfect- _

Partial kill

Partial kill

Partial

None

Good kill

Browned, no kill

Good

100 percent

Killed plants sprayed-.

No kill

None

100 percentdo

doNo killGood--

do100 percentdo

do

Ponds; recommended ratePond tests

Pond tests, hand sprayer.-

Pond tests, hand sprayer. -

10-day exposure in jar

Flowed into pond, Ga

Pond tests, 21 days

10-day exposure in jardo

Pond tests

75 percent; 100-percent

regrowth.

98 percent; 2-percent

regrowth.

Pond tests, N.Y

Pond tests

Flowed into pond, Ga--

do

do

Pond tests, N.Y

Surface spray on pondsdo

Pond tests, Ga

do

do

do

_do_

(104)

W

0)

(110)

dU) imi)

am

(110)

(103)

(133)

(170)

(235)

(235)

(176)

(')

(235)

(335)

(335)

cl

O

W

H

W

M

ö

ö

See footnote at end of table, p. 124.

to

CO
TABLE 12.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on floating weeds—Continued to

Lemna minor (Duckweed)

Herbicide Concentration Rate per acre ' Carrier Control or response Remarks Reference

2,4-D

2,4-D-l-2,4,5-T.

2,4,5-T, amineSilvex_

Erbon

Ghlorox'40'

Sodium arsenite.

Ammonium thiooyanats-

#2 stove oil

#2 diesel fuelDB

Diquat

UÖ0'p.p.m_

8 1b_

"ilbl

4 lbWater, 200 gal_

Water, 80 gal_

do

Satisfactory.

Ineffective _ _

100 percent-.

.do.

Research trials, spray, N.Y

Greenhouse tests, 20 days.

Spray application, light infestation, pond tests, Ga.

do

1 p.p.m.

2 p.p.m.

2 p.p.m.

5 p.p.m.

None; browned within

48 hours, recovered.

do

Ponds, N.J.

do

4 to 16 Ib4 to 16 lbWater..

Fuel oil.

2 p.p.m.

430 Ib-

'4 p.p.m.

2 p.p.m.

1 p.p.m.

Water.

100 percent; killed in

28 days.

100 percent; killed in

21 days, no regrowth within 6

months.

Unsatisfactory

Satisfactory

Unsatisfactory

Satisfactory

100 percent

Pond tests.

do

-do.

.do.

.do.

-do.

Research trials, spray, N.J

do

Research trials, N.J

Research trials, spray, N.J

Gravity flow into water, pond

tests, Ga.

.do.

,100 p.p.m.

100 p.p.m.

Spray till wet.

215 gal.

215 Ib.-

2 1b...-

Water.

do

Resistant

100 percent

Satisfactory

Unsatisfactory

100 percent; rapid kill

Sprayed over plants, pond

tests, Ga.

Greenhouse tests, 14 days

Greenhouse tests, 28 days

Do not exceed 20 gal. per acre,

retreat as necessary.

Research trials, spray, N.J

do

Pia

(97)

(198)

{236)

{mz)

(•)

(')

(97)

(97)

(97)

{97)

{236)

{198)

{198)

{211)

{97)

{97)

{211)

Salvinia rotundifolia (Waterfern)

f 4.51b 90-100 percent; practically eradicated.

. ..do

5-acre pond, Fla

}4-acre pond, Fla

{211)

{211)

(Ml)

2,4,5-T, invert, PGBEE ! 181b

2 1b 100 percent.- Pond tests, Fla.

' AUBUEN UNIVERSITY, DATA ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL IN PONDS. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta., Farm Ponds Proj., unpublished Ann, Rpts. 1946-61.
Herbicide

2,4,5-T.

2,4,-D, amine_

2,4,5-T_

TABLE 13.—Effects oj certain aquatic herbicides on miscellaneous weeds

Conyza sp.

Concentration

0. 25 percentRate per acre

0. 5 percent-_. 8 to 16 lb0. 6-0. 7 percent.

Carrier

WaterInula sp.

WaterRubus spp.

WaterControl Remarks

Ponds in Israel; recommended

rate.

Reference

{SOI)

Ponds in Israel; recommended

rate.

(20Í)

Ponds in Israel, 2-3 applications; recommended rate.

{301) >

I

w

ft

wt-H

9

o

o

>

fco
126 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK, U.S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Selected Bibliography

Toxicity of Herbicides to Aquatic Animals

Some of the following publications are unavailable in most libraries

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

ANONYMOUS.

1933. CONTROL OF VEGETATION. Water Works

Engin. 86: 118. [Abstract in Gt. Brit.

Dept. Sei. and Indus. Res., Water PoUut.

Res.: Sum. Cur. Lit. 7: 48. 1934.]

1949. WEED CONTBOL IN RELATION TO FISHERIES.

Min. Agr. and Fisheries, Fisheries Not. 28.

[Abstract in Gt. Brit. Dept. Sei. and Indus.

Res., Water PoUut. Res. Bd., Water PoUut.

Abs. 22: 168. 1949.]

1950. OHIO RIVER VALLEY WATER SANITATION

COMMISSION, SUBCOMMITTEE ON TOXICITIES,

METAL FINISHING INDUSTRIES ACTION COMMITTEE. Rpt. 3.

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCE OF PHILADELPHIA.

1956. TOXICITY OP 3 AMINO I,2,4 TRIAZOLE TO

LEPOMis MACROCHiBus. Amer. Chem. Paint

CO., 7 pp. [Processed.]

AFFLECK, A. J.

1952. ZINC POISONING IN A TROUT HATCHERY.

Austral. Marine and Freshwater Res. Jour.

3(2): 142-169.

ALBASTBR, J. S.

1957. THE TOXICITY OF CERTAIN WEEDKILLERS TO

TROUT. Brit. Weed Control Conf. Proc. 3:

807-808.

ANDERSON, B. G.

1944. THE TOXICITY THRESHOLDS OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES FOUND IN INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS

DETERMINED BY THE USE OF DAPHNIA MAGNA.

Sewage Works Jour. 16(6): 1156.

1946. THE TOXICITY THRESHOLD OF VARIOUS SODIUM

SALTS DETERMINED BY THE USB OF DAPHNIA

MAGNA. Sewage Works Jour. 18(1): 82.

1948. THE APPARENT THRESHOLDS OF TOXICITY TO

DAPHNIA MAGNA FOR CHLORIDES OF VARIOUS

METALS WHEN ADDED TO LAKE ERIE WATER.

Amer. Fisheries Soc. Trans. 78: 96-113.

BELDING, D. L.

1927. TOXICITY EXPERIMENTS WITH FISH IN REFERENCE TO TRADE WASTE POLLUTION. Amer.

Fisheries Soo. Trans. 57: 100-119.

BENSON, N. G., and CONNER, J. T.

1956. USE OP CMU TO CONTROL NAJAS. Prog.

Fish-Cult. 18(2) : 78-80.

BOND, C. E., compiler.

1955. ANNUAL REPORT, WITH SUMMATION OP

ACTIVITIES 1949-1965. Greg. Agr. Expt. Sta.

Aquatic Weed Control, Proj. 34, Rpt., 47

pp. [Processed.]

1956. ANNUAL REPORT. Greg. Agr. Expt. Sta.

Aquatic Weed Control, Proj. 34, Rpt., 11

pp. [Processed.]

KBNDLE, E., KLAVANO, W., and FRYER, J.

1957. PROGRESS REPORT. Greg. Agr. Expt. Sta.

Farm Pond Res. Proj. 294, Rpt., 10 pp.

[Processed.]

BOND, H. J.

1940. WASTE WATERS PROM SUCTION GAS PLANTS.

Gesundh.-Ing. 63: 19-20. [Also in Amer.

Water Works Assoc. Jour. 38: 791. 1946.]

BROWN, A. W. A.

1951. INSECT CONTROL BY CHEMICALS. 817 pp.

John Wiley & Sons. New York.

(17) BUGBEB, J. W., MAHLIE, W. S., RUDOLFS, W., and

others.

1933. RESEARCH IN SEWAGE CHEMISTRY AND

SEWAGE TREATMENT. A CRITICAL REVIEW

OF THE LITERATURE OP 1932. Sewage Works

Jour. 5: 567-594.

(18) CATTS, JAMES.

1934. COPPER SULPHATE IN THE ELIMINATION OF

COARSE PISH. Amer. Fisheries Soc. Trans.

64: 276-279.

(19) COLE, A. E.

1941. THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTIONAL WASTES ON

PISH LIFE. A Symposium on Hydrobiology,

Univ. Wis., p. 241.

(20) COOPER, G. S.

1955. A PROGRESS REPORT OF NATIONAL WEED

COMMITTEE. Northeast. Weed Control

Conf. Proc. 9: 131-134.

(21) COPE, O. B.

1946. PRELIMINARY TESTS OF HERBICIDES VS. PISH.

U.S. Fish and Wüdlife Serv. Memo. Rpt.,

9 pp. [Processed.]

(22) CKANCE, J. H.

1958. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON METHODS

FOR CONTROL OF CERTAIN BLUE-GREEN ALGAE

AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR GROWTH IN

FISH PONDS. (Master's thesis. Copy on file

Auburn Univ., Auburn, Ala.)

(23) DAVIES, T. G.

1938. THE TOXICITY OP DILUTE SOLUTIONS OP

ZINC SULFATE TO INVERTEBRATE AQUATIC

ANIMALS. (Master's thesis. Copy on file

Univ. Col. of Wales, Gt. Brit.)

(24) DAVIS, J. T., and HARDCASTLB, W. S.

1959. BIOLOGICAL ASSAY OP HERBICIDES FOR PISH

TOXICITY. Weeds 7(4): 397-404.

(25) DouDOROFF, P., and KATZ, M.

1950. CRITICAL REVIEW OP LITERATURE ON THE

TOXICITY OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND THEIR

COMPONENTS TO PISH. I. ALKALIES, ACIDS,

AND INORGANIC GASES. Sewage and Indus.

Wastes 22: 1432-1458.

(26) and KATZ, M.

1953. CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON THE

TOXICITY OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND THEIR

COMPONENTS TO PISH. II. THE METALS AS

SALTS. Sewage and Indus. Wastes 25:

802-839.

(27) Dow CHEMICAL COMPANY.

1953. DALAPON (SODIUM SALT), A NEW PLANT

GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTIVE ON GRASSES.

DOW Chem. Co. Bui. 2, 20 pp.

(28) EicHBR, G. J., JR.

1946. LOCALIZED WEED CONTROL IN MANAGEMENT

OF GAME PISH. Amer. Fisheries Soc. Trans.

76: 177-182.

(29) ELLIS, M. M.

1937. DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OP STREAM

POLLUTION (RELATED PRINCIPALLY TO FISH

LIFE). U.S. Bur. Fisheries Bui. 22: 365-437.

(30) WESTPALL, B. A., and ELLIS, M. D.

1946. DETERMINATION OP WATER QUALITY. U S

Dept. Interior Res. Rpt. 9, 122 pp.

(31) ESTES, R. D.

1957. EFFECTIVENESS OP CERTAIN FUNGICIDES ON

GOLDFISH AND GOLDFISH EGGS. (Master's

thesis. Copy on file Auburn Univ., Auburn,

Ala.)
AQUATIC HERBICIDE DATA 127

(32) FisHEE, A.

1956. THE EFFECTS OP COPPER SULPHATE ON

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1952. STUDIES ON CHEMICALS "WITH SELECTIVE

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(34) GEAGEN, D. W.

1954. TOXICITY OF 40% AMINE OF 2,4-D MANUFACTURED BY BARCO CHEM. CO. La. Wildlife

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(35) GERSDORFF, W. A., and SMITH, L. E.

1940. EFFECT OF HALOGENATION OF PHENOL ON

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(36) GILLETTE, L. A., MILLER, D. L., and REDMAN, H. E.

1952. APPRAISAL OF A CHEMICAL WASTE PROBLEM

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(37) GOODMAN, J. R.

1951. TOXICITY OF ZINC FOR RAINBOW TROUT

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(38) GOODNIGHT, C. J.

1942. TOXICITY OF SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENATB

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(39) GouDEY, R. F.

1946. CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL. Amer. Water

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(40) GRINDLEY, J.

1946. TOXICITY TO RAINBOW TROUT AND MINNOWS

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Ann. Appl. Biol. 33: 103-112. [Abstract in

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(41) HALE, F. E.

1954. THE USE OF COPPER SULPHATE IN CONTROL

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1952. THE EFFECT OF KRAFT MILL WASTE COMPONENTS ON CERTAIN SALMONOID FISHES OF

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(43) HiLLIARD, D. K.

1952. THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES AND RELATED

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1955. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL STUDIES IN NEW

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(45) JONES, J. R. E.

1939. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE ELECTROLYTIC

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1941. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF

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1946. EFFECTS OF TWO OF THE NEW FORMAGENIC

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KuNTZ, R. E., and WELLS, W. H.

1951. LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATIONS OF

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LAWRENCE, J. M.

1958. RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON THE USE OF

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LECLERC, E., and DEVLAMINCK, F.

1951. TOXICITY OF NITRO DERIVATIVES IN WASTE

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252. [Abstract in Gt. Brit. Dept. Soi. and

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MACKENTHUN, K. M.

1952. SELECTED REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON

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and CooLEY, H. L.

1952. THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF COPPER SULPHATE TREATMENT ON LAKE ECOLOGY. WiS.

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MALONEY, T. E., and PALMER, C. M.

1956. TOXICITY OF SIX CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS TO

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MAHINI, E.

1952. LACK OF TOXICITY OF 2,4-D AND MCPA (2-

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1952. TOXICITY OF HERBICIDES CONTAINING 2,4-D

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MARSH, M. C, and ROBINSON, R. K.

1910. THE TREATMENT OF FISH-CULTURAL WATERS

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MOORE, G. T., and KELLBRMAN, K. F.

1904. A METHOD OF DESTROYING OR PREVENTING

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1905. COPPER AS AN ALGICIDE AND DISINFECTANT

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MURDOCK, H. R.

1953. INDUSTRIAL WASTES, SOME DATA ON TOXICITY

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1954. WEED CONTROL INVESTIGATIONS ON SOME

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U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. and U.S. Bur. Reclam.,

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POWEES, E. B.

1917. THE GOLDFISH (CAEASSIUS CAEASSIUS) AS

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RoBBiNS, W. W., CRAFTS, A. S., and RAYNOR, R. N.

1952. WEED CONTROL, A TEXTBOOK AND MANUAL.

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ROSE, E. T.

1954. BLUE-GREEN ALGAE CONTROL AT STOKM

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RUDOLFS, WILLEM, BARNES, G. E., EDWARDS, G. P.,

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1950. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON TOXIC MATERIALS

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1953. INDUSTRIAL WASTES: THEIR DISPOSAL AND

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SETDEL, H.

1938. A NEW METHOD OF WEED CONTROL IN LAKES

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SHELFORD, V. E.

1917. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS

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SMITH, M. W.

1939. COPPER SULPHATE AND EOTBNONE AS FISH

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SNOW, J. R.

1948. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE TOXICITY OF

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IN THE CONTROL OF EMERGENT SPECIES OF

POND WEEDS. 87 pp. (Master's thesis.

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SOLLMAN, T.

1949. CORRELATION OF THE AQUARIUM GOLDFISH

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SPRINGER, P. F.

1957. EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES ON

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SURBER, E. W.

1932. CONTROLLING VEGETATION IN FISH PONDS

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1948. CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS AND THEIR

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1955. THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF PHENOL TO THE

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1947. WILL THE USE OF TOXIC AGENTS IN THE PULP

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(79) VAN HORN, W. M., ANDERSON, J. B., and KATZ, M.

1950 THE EFFECT OF KRAFT PULP MILL WASTES ON

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1946. PYRIDYLMEECUBIC ACETATE AS A PROPHYLACTIC IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT. SoienOe

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Soi. and Indus. Res., Water Pollut. Res.:

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1954. THE TOXICITY OF HEAVY METALS TO FISH,

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1940. CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS. ENgin. News-Record 124: 34. [Abstract in

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1931. LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC FOR

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SzuMLEVicz, A. P., and KEMP, H.

1951. MOLUSCOCIDAS PHOMESSORES CONTRA UM

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1943. CONTEOL OF MICEO-ORGANISMS AND AQUATIC

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1855. DIE SCHÄDIGUNG VON FISCHEREI UND FISCHZUCHT DURCH INDUSTRIE AND HAUS ABWASSER. Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. 3, s. 39-117.

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1915. THE REACTIONS AND EESISTANCE OF FISHES

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(86) WESTPALL, B. A.

[n.d.] STREAM POLLUTION HAZARDS OP WOOD PULP

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1955. CHLORINE: ITS TOXICITY TO GOLDFISH, FATHEAD MINNOWS, GOLDEN SHINERS, AND

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58 pp. (Master's thesis. Copy on file

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1939. CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF LAKES AND

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1948. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TOXICOLOGY OF

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1934. EFFECTS OF CHLORINATED WATER ON LAND

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1955. AMINO TKIAZOLB PUTS CATTAIL ON THE

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1955. CANADIAN AGBICULTUBAL CHEMICALS ASSN.

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U.S., CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEED AND

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1955. REPORT OF THE HERBICIDE COMMITTEE.

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1956. CATTAILS AND TULES. Calif. Agr. Ext.

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1956. CHEMICAL MEN VIEW WEED CONTROL. Calif.

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1956. TRiAzoLB CONTROL GUIDE. Farmer's Mag.

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1958. AQUATIC WEEDS. Northeast. Weed Control

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BALL, E. W.

1958. HERBICIDAL AIRCRAFT SPRAYING AND SEEDING ACTIVITIES FOR 1958. U.S. Fish and

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1958. RESULTS IN APPLYING DALAPON TO PEST

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1957. PROGRESS SUMMARY OF HERBICIDAL PLOT

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1956. PROGRESS SUMMARY OF HERBICIDAL PLOT

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1947. THE EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM SULFAMATE ON

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1947. 2,4-D AND SOME EMERGENT AQUATICS. PrOg.

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BAUMGARTNEB, L. L.

1948. MIXED CHLOBOPHBNYL ALLYL CARBONATE,

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BECK, ROBERT.

1957. HERBICIDES INCREASE GAME FOODS AND

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BENSON, N. G., and CONNER, J. T.

1956. USB OF CMU TO CONTROL NAJAS. PrOg.

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1955. ANNUAL BEPORT, WITH SUMMATION OF ACTIVITIES 1949-1955. Oreg. Agr. E.xpt. Sta.

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1956. ANNUAL REPORT. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta.

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1957. PROGRESS REPORT. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta.

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1959. FIELD TESTING OP KURON AS AN AQUATIC

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BOWERS, C. C, JR.

1957. AQUATIC WEEDS IN KENTUCKY AND PRELIMINARY RESEARCH WITH CERTAIN HERBICIDES USED FOR THEIR CONTROL. (ABstract) North Central Weed Control Conf.

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BRAGG, K. K.

1955. RESPONSE OF BULBUSH (PREDOMINATELY

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1955. RESPONSE OP CATTAIL (TYPHA SPP.) TO

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BROWN, C. A., and CARTER, W. H.

1946. WEED INVESTIGATIONS. La. Agr. Expt. Sta.

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1947. CONTROLLING ALLIGATOR WEED IN SUGAR

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BRüNS, V. F., HODGSON, J. M., ARLE, H. F., and

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1955. THE USE OF AROMATIC SOLVENTS FOR CONTROL OF SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS IN

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CATTS, JAMES.

1934. COPPER SULFATE IN THE ELIMINATION OF

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CHEMICAL INSECTICIDE CORPORATION.

1958. CHEM. PELS. 2,4-D. EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS. 2 pp. [Processed.]

CHIPMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC.

1955. CONTROL WEEDS IN PONDS AND LAKES WITH

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1959. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SEVERAL HERBICIDES ON AQUATIC VEGETATION IN FLORIDA.

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CORNELL, J. H.

1949. ERADICATION OF EMERGENT AQUATIC VEGETATION WITH 2,4-D, PARTICULAR EMPHASIS

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CORTELL, J. M.

1960. RE-EVALUATION OF THE CONCENTRATIONS

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1944. CONTROL OF DUCKWEED IN WATEB CRESS

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CRAFTS, A. S.

1949. CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND DITCHBANK

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1956. CONTROL OF PHRAGMITES WITH DALAPON.

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DEWLEN, J. L.

1955. CATTAIL (TYPHA) CONTROL EXPERIMENT

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1941. SCIENTIFIC STUDIES AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE MADISON LAKES: ITS EFFECTS

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1956. COPPER ALKANOLAMINE SALTS AS ALGACIDBS,

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Dow CHEMICAL COMPANY.

1953. DALAPON (SODIUM SALT), A NEW PLANT

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EiCHBR, G. J., JR.

1949. LOCALIZED WEED CONTROL IN MANAGEMENT

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EippEB, A. W.

1959. EFFECTS OF FIVE HERBICIDES ON FARM

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[n.d.] CONTROL OF ALGAE AND HIGHER PLANTS

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1952. STUDIES ON CHEMICALS WITH SELECTIVE

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FLANAGAN, J. H.

1960. A REVIEW OF SIMAZINE FOR AQUATIC WEED

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FOSSE, R. A.

1956. AMINO TRIAZOLB AND POLYCHLOKOBENZOIC

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FoTER, M. J., PALMER, C. M., and MALONEY, T. E.

1953. ANTIALGAL PBOPEETIES OF VARIOUS ANTIBOTics. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 3:

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FREED, V. H.

1956. TAKING THE GAMBLE OUT OF CHEMICAL

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GOODRUM, P. D.

1959. EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OP GIANT CUTGRASS IN EASTERN TEXAS. South. Weed

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1958. EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF GIANT CUTGRASS IN EASTERN TEXAS. Down to Earth

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