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PNL

SA11861

F

G. E. Wukelic and H. P. Foote

Pacific Northwest Laboratory

Richland, Washington 99352

for

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

LANDSAT-4 TIM IMAGE DATA QUALITY ANALYSIS

FOR ENERGY-RELATED APPLICATIONS

Third Landsat-4 Investigators'Workshop

December 6-7, 1983

Key Words: Landsat-4, Thematic_ Mapper, Digital Image Processing, Thermal Band

Radiwk tric and Geometric Analyses. Energy Research and Development

r,aolications

Otjec*_ive/Scope: The ohiective of this investigation is to evaluate Landsat-4

Thematic Mapper (TM) data performance and utility characteristics from an

energy research and technology perspective. The program focuses on evaluating

appiicational implications of using such data, in combination with other

digital data, for current and future energy research and technology activities. Prime interest is in using TM data for siting, developing and operating

federal energy facilities. Seconuary interests involve the use of such data

for resource exploration, environmental monitoring and basic scientific

? n7 *_` 3t1 ve5 such as in su p port Of the Continental ^C i eiit i f i C Dr i i i i ng r r ograim.

Approach: The basic approach is to utilize digital remote sensing/image

processing and data integration techniques developed at the U.S. Department of

S.ner3Y's Pacific Northwest Laboratory for processing, analyzing and evaluating

Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper data. Data analysis and evaluation emphasis is on

Landsa t--4 TM data use in studies of the Columbia Plateau region in eastern

Washington in general and the Hanford site in specific. However, Landsat TM

ca to for other representative energy research and production sites are being

analyzed and evaluated as well. Table 1 identifies the main image data

.;i,ality characterization areas of investigation and the prime application

areas of interest.

data Status: To date, no Landsat-4 TM data have been received for our prime !

s*..udy sit: in the Columbia Plateau region of eastern Washington state.

Excellent data were acquired for the Har4crd site during the TORS test on

w,^ust 12, 1983, but CCTs have not as yet been received. Table 2 summarizes

Landsat-4 TM data available to date and ancillary data sets being utilized.

Accomoiishments/Preliminary Results:

_. Oeveioprrent of TM Image Analysis Programs. In anticipation of the 7-band

Landsat-4 TM data, two special programs were developed for simultaneously

using a vector scope and a color raster display. The first (Figure 1) is

both a multiband or multisource program that provides for rapid,

; +'era-tive enhancement and generation of multiband color composites

containing the optimum combination of TM bands to highlight features of

;Eon-1JJJ6 NASA-CF-171074) LANDSAT-4 TM N66-12742

__!AGz BATA QUALITY ANALYSIS FCR

EX.Z3GY-c`•.LA:EJ AFFLICATI(,NS EYecntive

Si.aaary ;Facitic Northwest lat.) 4 p Unclas

5, 332/MF A01 CSCL 05B 63/43 00006
prime interest. The second program (Figure 2) emphasizes quantitative

single-band analysis for determining the digital counts (radiometric

values) associated with a specific pixel (so called pixel-level) or as an

integrated (multipixel -level) value for larger features or areas of

interest.

2. TMS Data Anal ysis. Prior to the receipt J Landsat-4 TM data, NASA ERL

—pro v- ided PNL with Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) data for a nuclear

power plant (Virginia Electric Power Company-North Ar.na Plant) to test

the previously developed image processing algorithms. Princip,l component analyses of this data set clearly indicated that thermal plumes in

surface waters used for reactor cooling would be discernible on Landsat-4

TM data.

3. TRl Data Analysis. Because of TM data availability constraints to date,

data quality and utility analysis efforts have been limited to the

analysis and evaluation of TM day and night imagery acquired for DOE's

Savannah River Laboratory in Aiken, S.C. on August 28, 1982 and

December 24, 1982, respectively. Moreover, beca usE of the uniqueness of

the thermal band data, major emphasis was given to analyzing this band.

The results of analysis efforts to date are described and graphically

demonstrated in the two publications cited below. Basically, qualitative

effort;. indicate that the geometric and radiometric characteristics of

the TM (CCT-PT) data are adequate to support most of our requirements for

generating specialized enhancements, multiband composites and data

integration (mu ltisource) products. Quantitative findings, associated

with TM thermal band analyses, although very preliminary indicate several

potentialities for providing quantitative thermal data of the type

required for basic research, modeling and energy facility monitoring

functions. However, much more information and user experience are

required relating to limitations imposed by calibration, data processing,

atmospheric and sub-pixel or mixed-pixel effects.

Publications:

• Wukelic, G. E., and H. P. Foote, Landsat-4 Image Data Quality for EnergyRelated Applications - Preliminary Results. Digest, Volume 1, 1983

International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, August-September

1983. (PNL-SA-11438)

• Wukelic, G. E., H. P. Foote and M. M. Pendergast, Monitoring Nuclear

Facilities Using Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper Data, Proceedings of 1983

National Conference on Resource Management Applications: Energy and

Environment, August 1983. (PNL-SA-11459)

Acknowledgements:

The investigators gratefully acknowledge the Department of Energy for supporting the basic research described in this summary. Specifically, the support

being provided by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Engineering,

Mathematical and Geosciences. We also thank the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration for the opportunity to participate in the Landsat-4 TM

data evaluation program.
I

,. 

TABLE 1. LANDSAT-4 Image Data Quality and Utility

Character?zatinn (Thematic Mapper Only)

DATA QUALITY DATA UTILITY

Agriculture

(D m Soils

Forests •

N 2

o'

C in

Range

cc CrIrrigation •

Geology/ •

IV in

CD Geoscience

o Image Science •

,^ U) I d C ^

Z Other

Regional;Urban •

Land Use

Coastal Zone

Q) •E E 00) Hydrology

t r- Wildlife Habitat

CZ

LU Oceans

facility Siting •

C

n ° Detector Replacement Algorithms

= ;a uE

Band Compression Algorithms n^ In ^

> Inrernal C ahblahon Channel to Channel

Algorithms Band to Band

EO

.cg Scene. llistothram Calibration Algorithms

E E IRadiomettIC Oestripingl

to

c

c

z `c Absolute Scene Radiance Reflective Eland

Calibration Algorithms Thermal Band •

Noise Correction Algoridtms

E

Ea- Ground IFOV •

N O

l7

Scan Profile

Detector location

E `c c O

SYStemauc Between Scan Alignment O = _ Correcaun

o o Ephemeris

0

my 4ttltudc

E

a_ Geodetic Reference Obrary Budd

'1.,

fn^^ecuon

with GCPs I Scene to Reference Registration •

` ReSamplrng

TABLE 2. Landsat-4 and Ancillary Data Status

PATH/NOW DATE COMMENTS

I. LANOSAT-4 TM DATA

MIME STUDY SITE

HANFORD SITE DAY 44/2• 9/12/93 ACQUIRED DURING TDRS TEST RICHLAND, WA NIGHT 137/1• CCTS NOT AVAILABLE TO DATE

SECONDARY STUDY SITES

SAV ?NNAH RIVER PLANT (SAP) DAY 17/37 9/29,42 RECEIVED 1/31, 83 SOUTH CAROLINA NIGHT 119 / 207 12 / 24/82 RECEIVED 3/'.8/83

PORTSMOUTH OHIO FACILITY DAY 19/33 9/11/82 RECEIVED 5/83 NIGHT 119/211

WEST VALLEY, NY

(BUFFALO. NY SCENE) NIGHT 1121214 8/28/82 RECEIVED 11/16/82

2. TM SIMULATOR (TMS) DATA

NORTH ANNA NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT DAY 9/11/91 RECEIVED 4/62 FROM NASA ERL

'ALL DATA UTILIZED TO DATE CCT-P DATA

3
ORIGINAL PNG'I5

OF POOR QUALITY

RUIOM/l E[ CMMW LOCptl00 CLOW LEVEL PLOT C

,meIM OIL S-IIS T-FIl U ROT 10I010011

1415 RM ROT COLOR

C(/NTRAST FILE IO

RIKTRU ROT SRK COR►u TE MIfT:.M- COLOR saINRf1.Tf

CLEAR

COLOR IMO[ TILE Iwo[ FILE L:fT

L1[

GRUJt

$VRR1

SrMI

SvRAI

SvM7

_-- J I IIED fvlq^ fvM7 __

—

7 S • 7 S T

SvM7

` SvRK

SVMT

Y • ^

i

OEJ(/ITY LEYEL

CONTRARY OPTIONS MONK AOJVRTMLNT

(1) LIRIAR RIM NM7 ERASE

(7) OR" CONTROL STOP

(f) FLATRIN CONTROL

F;yure I. PNL Interactive Computer Program for Qualitative

Landsat TM Analysis

Figure 2. PNL Interactive Computer Program for Quantitative

Landsat TM Radiometric Analysis

4

u -A