RURAL AREAS

DEVELOPMENT

HANDBOOK

L PEOPLE

1

AgSiiAh

Agr. Hdbk.

21^5

RURAL

PROGRESS

FS

ERS

REA

SCS

ASCS

ARS

AMS

Fcs ^mmmM. FES

SRS

cscss

FCA

^M^m^K

AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK NO ^*5

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

O.FFICE OF RURAL AREAS DEVELOPMENT
PREFACE

This is a revised edition of the Eural Areas

Development Handbook "Pegs for Rural Progress" which includes the Supplement to

"Pegs"—"A Checklist of Aids for Rural Areas

Development." ^Yiúle the information provided here is only a suggestion of the services

rendered, we hope it will serve as a handy guide

to the proper source. Information relative to

the location of the nearest agency or department

referred to may be obtained from the Chairman

of the nearest local Rural Areas Development

Committee or Technical Action Panel who may

he contacted through the supervisor of the county offices of Farmers Home Administration, Soil

Conservation Servace, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service or county agricultural extension agents.

Ill
FOREWORD

The people of rural America are mobilizing

for prog^ress. They want to make the countryside a good place to earn a living and to live.

They want to develop the land, streams, lakes

and forests, and use them in varied ways for

income and enjoyment. They want to reorganize their farms and fit their farming practices

to servie the markets of the 1960's and the years

beyond. They want to build factories that employ the skills, talents, and energies of the rural

people. They want to make rural communities

modem and useful with up-to-date water and

sewer systems, comfortable new homes, shopping centers, farm markets, and hospitals. And

they want to add luster to rural life through improvements in their schools and libraries and

through colleges and research centers and the

cultural activities of civilized society.

Almost half of the people of this Nation are

directly affected by progress toward these goals.

These are the more than 83 million people who

live on the farms, in the open country, and in

the towns and small cities outside of the urban

areas. All citizens of the United States, now

and in coming years, will benefit from a stronger

rural economy. More rapid e<?onomic growth

in rural America is essential if all of America is

to move forward at a rate equal to impelling

future tasks.

This Nation has the knowledge, the wealth,

and the will to encourage and support our rural

people in their drive forward.

This Rural Areas Development Handbook

tells what kinds of special area development

services are available and how rural leaders can

draw upon these aids.

JOHN A. BAKER,

Assistant Secrefm-y of Agriculture.

IT
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pag?

Preface iii

Foreword iv

PART I

General Description of Rural Areas Development 1

Smnmarization of Agencies Activity Pertaining to RAD 2

PART II

Table of Contents for Checklist of Financial and Technical Assistance. 15

Private Credit Sources and General Assistance 17

Financial and Technical Assistance arranged alphabetically 18

This publication supersedes Agriculture Handbook

No. 229, "Pegs for Rural Progress."

Issued June 1963
PART I.

Rural Areas Development Handbook

Pegs for Rural Progress

Rural Areas Development

Successful economic improvement in rural

areas may best be achieved by well organized

planning. Rural Areas Development offers a

revitalized approach to human progress. It is

a process based on the full utilization of all

available resources—human, natural, financial,

technical, etc. Organized local committees, consisting of representatives ft'om all interest

groups, motivated by a desire for improvement

and taking full advantage of the many services

available, both technical and financial, can attain an improved economy in the rural

community.

Areas of importance included in this rural

improvement are:

1. Efficient family farms.

2. Rural industries and business.

3. Training and retraining for the unemployed and underemployed.

4. Adequate public facilities.

5. Full use of land, water and timber resources for agricultural production, recreation and industrial development.

WHO DOES WHAT FOR RAD

Local county or area initiative and leadership

is the prime mover for anything that is done.

Private and governmental agencies furnish

some of the tools with which area leadership

works. One of the basic functions of the RAD

program is to focus the attention of all agencies

in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, as well

as other groups who can help, on those rural
areas desiring? assistance in dev^eloping their

resources, expanding their income and employment opportunities. Within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Secretary has assigned

specific responsibilities to designated agencies.

All of the many regular on-farm programs of

the USDA which help speed the needed reorganization and readjustments for fuller employment of people operating farms will be emphasized in the years ahead. In the following

outline, attention is given to only those phases of

each agency's operation which are directly related to the rural areas development program.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Office of Rural Areas Development

This office is responsible for general staff

coordination of the Rural Areas Development

Program as well as for Departmental activities

under the Area Redevelopment Act, Public Law

87-27, for the purpose of assuring effective departmental participation in the total effort.

The principal functions of the Office of Rural

Areas Development are as follows :

1. Provides leadership and initiative in the

formulation of current and long-range policies and plans for carrying out the rural

areas development program of the Department of Agriculture.

2. Expedites the application of resources

of the Department in assisting State, local,

private, community, and farm organizations

and individuals working for the improvement of rural areas.

3. Maintains continuous liaison with appropriate departments and agencies of the

Executive Branch and with officials of public

and private organizations to assure coordination of effort and utilization of all available
resources in support of overall economic development in rural areas.

4. Provides Secretariat of Rural Areas Development Board and of Public Advisory

Committee relating to Rural Areas Development.

5. Maintains an inventory of progress in

rural areas development.

Federal Extension Service

This agency provides educational assistance

and leadersliip through the State Extension

Services in organizing State, area, and county

RAD committees, with representation from all

areas, organizations, and interest groups that

have a contribution to make, including agriculture, industry, local government, civic organizations, commerce, finance, education, labor,

religious organizations, youth, and others. Extension also provides educational leadership to

organized RAD committees in systematically

inventorying both human and physical resources, in analyzing and identifying problems,

determining economic development and adjustment potentials, and in formulating and implementing programs and projects which make

fuller use of the area's human and natural resources. In areas designated as "rural redevelopment areas'' under the Area Redevelopment

Act, Extension provides both organizational and

educational assistance in preparing overall economic development programs (OEDPs) and

project proposals.

Farmers Home Administration

This agency provides leadership at the State,

area, and county level for the organization and

operation of Technical Action Panels representing all USDA agencies. These panels assist

local Rural Areas Development Committees in

685406 O - 63
utilizing; resouTTfô available from Government

iind private afrencies to advance development

projects. It also assists in planning and developing community facility projects, training

proposals, and technical assistance projects.

In selected areas. Farmers Home Administration also is providing technical assistance in

planning and development of rural renewal

project.s.

This agency makas loans to those unable to

f>on"o\v from private sources of credit on reasonable terms. Its program includes farm operating loans: farm ownership loans; loans to

individuals and associations, including public

agencies, for water and land development; loans

to nonprofit associations for shifts in land use;

loans to local organizationsto help finance small

watershed projects: rural housing loans including housing for the elderl}' and for farm labor;

and emergency loans to farmers hard hit by

natural disasters. Recreation enterprises are

among the purposes for which loans may be

made to farmers and associations.

County supervisors assist farm families receiving credit in preparing a farm and home

plan, and provide on-fanii assistance in managing family resources.

Rural Electrification Administration

This agency has the responsibility for assisting in tbe development of rural industrial and

commercial enterprises that will help to alleviate underemployment and unemployment in

rural areas. This agency also makes loans to

REA borrowers who, in turn, finance the purchase of machinery and other equipment among

the users of their electrical systems. In its basic

program, REA stimulates the development and

use of electric power and telephone service in

rural areas.
Economic Research Service

This agency makes recommendations to be

used in designating rural development areas for

the Area Redevelopment Administration in the

Department of Commerce; performs research

to identify rural economic problems and solutions ; and carries on a national program of research in problems of low income rural areas

and the potentials for economic development of

such areas.

Statistical Reporting Service

This agency assists State, area, and county

tecluiical action panels in finding facts regarding farm production, costs, and income as

needed by State, area, and county committees

in their analysis of problems and programs in

rural development. Annual data for important

agricultural products are available by counties

in many States.

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation

Service

This agency through its Agricultural Conservation Program in 3,065 counties provides

cost-sharing assistance for soil, water, wildlife,

and woodland conservation practices involving

both individual farm and community activities.

It also aids through commodity loans, price

support, storage facility loans, and production

adjustment in the development and encouragement of eíRcient and profitable fann operations.

Through grants of financial assistance and

conservation cost-sharing of needed measures, it

helps farmers and ranchers convert cropland to

pasture, woodland, wildlife habitat, and income

producing recreational facilities.
Soil Conservation Service

This agency ¡skives land owners and operators

cooperating with the Nation's nearly 3,000 soil

conservation districts on-the-farm technical assistance in planning, applying, and maintaining

conservation farm systems. It also administers

the Department's Upstream Watershed Protection, Flood Prevention and River Basin Survey

programs; the Great Plains Conservation Program; the Federal Part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey ; the Snow Survey program

for waterflow forecasting; and provides technical assistance to owners and operators of private

land in planning and establishing outdoor recreation enterprises. Soils information and

small watershed hydrologie information are

furnished to governing bodies of municipalities,

counties, and community planning and zoning

bodies to help guide urban expansion, housing

development, and planning for and construction

of schools and roads.

Forest Service

This agency provides technical assistance and

advice for State, area, and county committees

concerned with planning for increased employment which may result from woodland management, processing of forest products, and recreation development. It also administers through

10 regional offices 186 million areas in 155 National Forests and 18 National Grasslands areas

located in 41 States, 10 Regional Forest and

Range Experiment Stations, a Forest Products

Research Laboratory, and cooperates in State

and Private forestry programs involving 435

million acres in 50 States. The resources and

programs administered by this agency are mak-
ing valuable contributions to Rural Areas Development in many rural areas.

Cooperative State Experiment Station

Service

This agency serves as a central sourc« of

information on agricultural and rural life research being carried on by the State Agricultural experiment Stations. Such research

includes that on production, marketing, utilization, consumption of farm products and on the

rural home and rural living. Basic facts and

understandings are provided on resource use,

rural population, levels of living, community

organization, manpower and employment, communication of information and adoption of new

practices. Representatives of the Stations serve

as resource members to State Rural Areas Development Committees and State Technical Action Panels. Further details on services available to State, area, and county committees

should be explored by contacting the LandGrant College.

Farmer Cooperative Service

This agency provides information on how to

use cooperatives in rural areas development. It

provides technical advice and assistance in determining the feasibility of these organizations

to market, store, and process agricultural and

forest products, to handle farm supplies, and to

provide farm business services. Also this

agency provides research, advisory service, and

educational assistance in connection with the

formation and operations of agriculture-related

cooperatives.
Agricultural Marketing Service

This af^enr-y provides counsel and advice on

the feasibility of market facilities and assists

in their planning-. It also provides various

marketin<i services desioiied to promote efficient

and orderly marketino; and effective distribution

of food and other farm products. This includes the supplying of current data on the volume and direction of movement and prices of

products moving to market.

Agricultural Research Service

Tliis agency provides technical ad^ace and

counsel on industrial feasibility of agricultural

product processing plants which may be under

consideration by State, area, or county rural

areas development committees. Research is

conducted on family living in income and expenditures, home management, foods and nutrition, housing and household equipment—findings which provide guidance for local

community development.

FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION

This is an independent agency of the Federal

Government, supervising three credit services :

(1) 12 Federal land banks and 775 Federal land

bank associations through which farmers obtain

long-term real estate loans, (2) 12 Federal intermediate credit banks and -187 production credit

associations which provide short- and intermediate-term operating loans, and (3) banks

for cooperatives from which farmers' marketing, purchasing and ser^àce cooperatives obtain

credit for financing facilities, operating capital

needs, and commodities.
If

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Area Redevelopment Administration

Created by an act of Congress, Public Law

87-27, entitled "Area Redevelopment Act

(May 1961), the Area Redevelopment Administration provides for five basic types of Federal

assistance in areas which are designated in accordance with formulas as set forth.

1. Loans for industrial and commercial

projects.

2. Loans and grants for public facilities.

3. Teclinical assistance.

4. Occupational training.

5. Retraining subsistence payments.

It also assists through the urban renewal proAasions of the Housing Act and through the Accelerated Public Works Act.

As of February 1, 1963, the Area Redevelopment Administration had designated 1,052 areas

for redevelopment. In these areas are 853

counties which are rural in character. In these

counties, the Department of Agriculture works

with the Department of Commerce in helping

local people and areas help themselves. All of

these designated areas plus over 200 additional

areas are eligible for assistance under the Accelerated Public Works Program. For the

latest details on the many phases of the program, write to the Area Redevelopment Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,

Washington 25, D.C.

SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

This is an independent agency of the Federal

Government whose functions include :

1. Procurement and technical assistance:

(a) Insuring that a fair proportion of Government contracts for purchases and the
sales or disposal of property are placed

with small business enterprises;

(b) Providing technical and managerial aid,

advising and counseling on Government

production, methods engineering, and research and development, including new

products; and

(c) Providing guidance through managerial

publications and administrative management courses.

2. Making loans to individual small business

firms when they are unable to procure such financing from private sources on reasonable

terms.

3. Making loans to State and local development companies which assist in financing small

farms in their areas.

4. Making loans at 4 percent interest to small

business firms in areas designated as redevelopment areas by the Area Redevelopment Administration.

HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE

AGENCY

This is an independent agency of the Federal

Government, originally created by the Congress

in 1947 to help large and small communities.

The Act was amended by the Congress in 1961

to expand the scope, of its aids to housing and

community development. The following are the

major functions of HHFA :

1. Urban Renewal Administration:

Grants to State and metropolitan planning

agencies, and loans and capital grants for urban

renewal projects.

2. Federal Housing Administration :

Home financing (insures mortgages).

3. Public Housing Administration :

Aid for low-rent public housing.

4. Community Facilities Administration :

a. College and hospital housing.

10
b. Housing for senior citizens.

c. Advances for planning and loans for construction of needed public works.

d. Makes grants to non-Federal bodies and

agencies for up to 75 percent of the construction cost of public works projects

which can be initiated or accelerated within a reasonably short time and are in an

unemployment or redevelopment area as

defined by the Accelerated Public Works

Act, Pubiic Law 87-658.

5. Technical assistance for community improvement.

6. Assists in processing of public facility

project requests under the Area Redevelopment

Act.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

The Bureau of Indian Affairs provides technical assistance to Reservation Redevelopment

Areas on such things as: (1) formulation of

overall economic development programs, (2)

identifying and appraising suitability of industries for location on or near reservations, (3)

feasibility studies of potential recreational and

tourist facilities, and (4) studies of uses for

natural resources in the designated reservation

areas.

The National Park Service and the Bureau

of Mines, Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, and

Commercial Fisheries may be able to provide

technical infonnation and advice concerning

proposed commercial developments for recreation or processing of minerals or fishery resources.

The Bureau of Outdoor Re<'reation provides

limited technical and advisory outdoor recreation assistance to states and their political subdivisions and promotes coordination of Federal

recreation programs.

11

fi«54ü6 0-63-3
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Tliis Department administer through State

health, welfare, and education departments

various programs such as:

1. Hill-Burton Act Program—hospitals,

nursing homes, health centers, etc.

2. Pollution Abatement Program.

3. Four Federal Subsidy Programs—aid to

the disabled, aged, blind, and aid to families of dependent children.

HEW administers a program for vocational

training and teacher training and a program of

vocational rehabilitation.

It also cooperates with the Department of

Labor in the administration of the Manpower

Development and Training Act.

Under the Area Redevelopment Act, after an

overall economic development program

(OEDP) has been approved for a designated

area and the occupational training and retraining needs of the unemployed and underemployed persons have been determined, this

Department, in cooperation with State and local

educational agencies, develops a vocational

training pi-ogram to meet those needs. HEW

then provides through State and local educational agencies the finances necessary to cover

all costs other than subsistence for trainees,

which is provided through the Department of

Labor.

DEPARMENT OF LABOR

The Department of Labor provides counseling and placement service for unemployed and

underemployed, including migratory farm

12
workers. It also cooperates with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in the

administration of the Manpower Development

and Training x\ct. Public Law 87-415.

This Department Sponsore through State Employment Security agencies these programs

under the Area Redevelopment Act :

1. Collection of labor market information for

area designation.

2. Determination of occupational needs that

can be met by trainino-.

3. Selection of trainees for and referral of

trainees to approved training courses.

4. Payment of subsistence benefits to trainees.

5. Promotion of apprenticeship and other

types of on-the-job training.

6. Assistance in job placement after training.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Tlie Department of Defense has the following

activities and information that may be of interest to rural areas :

1. A program to minimize the economic impact on commimities resulting from shifts

in defense programs.

2. Assistance to firms in areas of substantial

and persistent unemployment, in accordance with the provisions of Defense Manpower Policy No. 4.

3. Basic information on defense buying procedures and lists of major military procurement offic-es and what they purchase are

contained in a pamphlet entitled Selling to

the Military. This pamphlet can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington 2.5, D.C., for 25 cents.

4. Details concerning the best use of excess

military land suitable for agricultural,

grazing, commercial, or industrial purposes

13
may be obtained from the appropriate regional office of the General Services

Administration.

5. The Coi-ps of Engineers, through its district offices, provides flfxxl and navigation

controls on major rivers and their tributries. In pursuing this function, they obtain the necessary lands and let the

contracts for construction of dams.

14
PART II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A CHECKLIST OF FINANCIAL AND

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Subject of Interest

PageAIRPORT FACILITIES 18

BEACH EROSION 18

BUSINESS 18

CENSUS AND RELATED DATA 19

CONSERVATION NEEDS INVENTORY-.. 20

CROPLAND CONVERSION 20

CROP REPORTING 20

DEFENSE CONTRACTS 20

DEFENSE PROGRAM 21

DISASTER LOANS 21

FARM IMPROVEMENT 21

FARM INCOME STABILIZATION 22

FARM OPERATING ASSISTANCE 23

FARM OWNERSHIP 24

FARMER COOPERATIVES 25

FISHING—COMMERCIAL 25

FLOOD FORECASTING 26

FLOOD PREVENTION 26

FORESTRY 26

GREAT PLAINS CONSERVATION 27

HOSPITAL AND RELATED CONSTRUCTION 27

HOUSING 28

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL 29

LAND-USE ADJUSTMENT 31

MARKETING FARM CROPS 32

MINERALS DEVELOPMENT 33

OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING 34

PLANNING 35

PRIVATE CREDIT SOURCES AND GENERAL ASSISTANCE 17

PUBLIC FACILITIES 36

15
RAD ORGANIZATION AND INFORMA- p^,

TION 37

RECREATION 38

RESEARCH 39

RIVER BASIN PLANNING 41

RURAL LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT 41

SENIOR CITIZENS 41

SMALL WATERSHED PROJECTS 42

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND

DEVELOPMENT 42

SOIL SURVEY 44

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 44

TRAINING 46

WATER POLUTION AND SEWAGE 46

WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT 46

WEATHER DATA 48

YOUTH 48

16
PRIVATE CREDIT SOURCES

AND GENERAL ASSISTANCE

The following lists indicate additional sources

of private credit and general assistance not included elsewhere in this publication.

Private Credit Sources

Individuals

Investment clubs

Local banks

Savings and loan associations

Credit unions

Fraternal organizations

Pension funds

Labor unions

Local industrial development

corporations

Community development corporations

Small business investment corporations

Other local credit sources

General Assistance

Church groups

State co-op councils

Research groups

Service groups

Trade associations

Universities

Colleges

Farm organizations

Utilities

Local chambers of commerce

State chambers of commerce

Planned industrial parks

Railroad companies

Electric and gas utilities

Area development associations

Regional development groups

Statewide development corporations

State and local development councils

Rural electric cooperatives

17
A CHECKLIST OF FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

AIRPORT FACILITIES

Federal Aviation Agency

Provides assistance to public agencies and individuals for aii-port planning, site selection, and airport construction. Makes grants oh matching basis, usually 50-50, for aii-port development.

BEACH EROSION

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides assistance in dune and beach stabilization.

Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army

Provides assistance in solving shore erosion problems.

BUSINESS INFORMATION

Business and Defense Services Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

Furnishes manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and service trade firms up-to-date economic data.

U.S. Department of Commerce Field Officer

Provides access to reports, publications, and services of bureaus and offices of the Department of Commerce.
Area Redevelopment Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

See INDUSTRIAL—COMMERCIAL

Small Business Administration

Provides guidance and advise on sources of technical information about small business management and

research and development of projects.

Private Credit Sources

See listing on page 17.

^ CENSUS AND RELATED DATA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Agriculture statistics yearbook published annually available through Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documeiüs, Washington 25, D.C.

Bureau of Census—Area Redevelopment Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

Statistical Profiles 5(a) Areas Fact Books 5(b) Areas. Census data and trends for OEDPs and other needs.

Items on population, population characteristics, education, employment, income, liousing, manufacturers, trade,

services, agriculture, local government, and other topics.
CONSERVATION NEEDS INVENTORY

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Published summaries of Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory available at county and State offices

of U.S. Department of Agriculture agencies.

CROPLAND CONVERSION

Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Special program to help farmers convert cropland to pasture, woodland, wildlife habitat, and income producing

g recreational facilities.

CROP REPORTING

Statistical Reporting Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Makes periodic publications of crop production and income statistics.

DEFENSE CONTRACTS

Office of Economic Utilization Policy, Department of Defense

Consideration of military departments to placing defense contracts with firms in areas of substantial and

persistent unemployment and underemployment.
DEFENSE PROGRAM

Office of Economic Adjustment, Department of Defense

To minimize economic impact on communities of shifts in defense programs.

DISASTER LOANS

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Makes emergency loans to eligible farmers in designated areas caused by natural disasters. (See FARM

OPERATING ASSISTANCE.)

Small Business Administration

Makes disaster loans for physical damage and economic injury. Maximum maturity 20 years. No statutory

limitation on dollar amount.

FARM IMPROVEMENT

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See CROPLAND CONSERVATION and SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT.

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See FARM OWNERSHIP and FARM OPERATING ASSISTANCE. Also see HOUSING.
FARM IMPROVEMENT—Continued

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT and GREAT PLAINS CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

Housing and Home Finance Agency

See HOUSING.

Power Supplier, REA Electric Borrower

Loans recommended at 4 percent or costs for 10 years, generally—not more than two-thirds life of equipment

for electrical equipment, including machinery, wiring, and plumbing for persons in rural areas who are receiving

or about to receive electric service from an REA electric borrower.

State Extension Service

See FARM OPERATING ASSISTANCE.

Private Credit Sources

See page 17 for listing.

FARM INCOME STABILIZATION

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Makes diversion payments and price support payments, on annual basis, for diverting land from feed grain

and wheat production to conservation uses.
Provides diversion payments and cost-sharing assistance for converting cropland to other income-producing

conservation uses including permanent cover, forestry, water-storage facUities, and recreational enterprises.

Assists producers through loans and purchase agreements on grains; price support loan on tobacco, naval

stores, cotton; oil-seed crops, peanuts and honey; purchase agreements on Tung nuts and purchases of

certain domestic dairy products, storage facility loans; and Sugar Act and wool payments.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT.

FARM OPERATING ASSISTANCE

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Loans at 5 percent up to 7 years for equipment, livestock, feed, seed, fertilizer, and other farm and home operating needs and refinancing of chattel debts, and on-farm recreation enterprises.

Emergency loans at 3 percent to farmers suffering losses due to natural disasters. Loans period scheduled for

repayment when income from crop is normally received.

Farm Credit Administration

Six-seven percent loans usually of 1 year duration for production expenses. Loans up to 7 years for farm

equipment and improvements.
FARM OPERATING ASSISTANCE—Continued

State Extension Service-County Agents

Information and assistance in farm management, production practices and marketing.

Private Credit Sources

See page 17 for listing.

FARM OWNERSHIP

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides 5 percent loans of up to 40 ja^ars duration to enlarge, develop and buy farms and refinance debts.

|g Farm Credit Administration

Provides 5J^ to 6 percent loans of not less than 5 years nor more than 40 years duration to purcbase and

improve farms.

Veterans Administration

Provides 5% percent loans up to 40 years duration for eligible veterans (GI) to buy farms.

State Extension Service, County Agents

Provides advice concerning land values, soils, and production practices.

Private Credit Sources

See page 17 for listing.
FARMER COOPERATIVES

Farmer Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides advice and assistance in tlie organization and operation of farmer cooperatives that market farm

and forest products, handle farm supplies, and provide farm business services.

Farm Credit Administration

Provides 4}^-5}^ percent facility loans up to 20 years' duration to eligible farmer cooperatives, 4}^-5}^ percent

operating capital loans, usuall.v of from 1 to 5 years' duration, 4 to 5 percent commodity loans usually of less

than 1 year duration.

State Extension Service

Assistance in organizing and administering production, marketing and service cooperatives.

FISHING—COMMERCIAL

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides credit to farmers engaged in raising fish under controlled conditions. (See FARM OPERATING

ASSISTANCE and FARM OWNERSHIP for terms and conditions.)

Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior

Provides assistance in financing and refinancing commercial fishing operations. Laboratories and research

stations perform technical research for commercial fishing industry.
FLOOD FORECASTING

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides snow survey data for 17 Western States.

FLOOD PREVENTION

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See SMALL WATERSHED PROJECTS—WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT.

FORESTRY

Ns Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical assistance and cost sharing programs with States to assist in wood technology and in

protecting, planting, and in multiple use management of State and private forest lands.

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Shares with owner the cost of planting forest trees and shrubs for wildlife and improving existing stands of

trees and shrubs on farm lands for forest, wind break, wildlife, shelter belt and erosion control.

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides credit to family farmers to clear and prepare land for tree planting, to purchase seedlincrs, buy land

to be used for forestry and pay other costs. (See FARM OPERATING ASSISTANCE—FARM OWNER-
SHIP for terms and conditions.)

Farmer Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See Farmer Cooperatives.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical assistance to land owners and operators in interpreting soils information for production

of wood crops and assists them in planning for and making use of those lands best suited for wood crops.

State Extension Service, Extension Foresters

Provides educational assistance concerning woodlot management, silviculture, Christmas tree production

and marketing, and cooperates with State forestry departments in providing services to land owners, including

timber marking, thinning, and planting.

GREAT PLAINS CONSERVATION

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Program applicable only in Great Plains for adjustment to meet hazards of drought.

HOSPITAL AND RELATED CONSTRUCTION

Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Grants to states up to two-thirds construction costs of public and nonprofit hospitals, nursing home and

health centers are provided.
HOUSING

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Conducts studies and supplies information relating to techniaue^ for mnr. .ffi • . j ,

and home management. ^ tecnniques tor more efficient and less costly farming

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Community Facilities Administration, Housing and Home Finance Agency

Provides 3% percent (currently) loans of 50 years maximum to build rental housing for the elderly.

Veterans Administration

Provides 5}^ percent loans up to 30 years duration for eligible veterans (GI) to purchase, construct or improve

a home.

State Extension Service, Home Demonstration and County Agents

Provide assistance in home planning and management, soil conditions affecting sewage disposal and water

supplies.

g Private Credit Sources

See page 17 for listing.

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical information concerning the establishment and operation of plants in redevelopment areas

that process agricultural products.

Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical guidance in establishing, improving and expanding forest products industries. This

includes information on timber resource availability for industrial development.
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAI^Continued

Farmer Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See Farmer Cooperatives.

Area Redevelopment Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

Provides 4 percent loans up to 25 years' duration—generally for land and construction or rehabilitation of

industrial buildings. Loans for machinery and equipment will be made only in exceptional circumstances—

Section 6 PL 87-27. These loans are only available in ARA designated areas.

Small Business Administration

Provides loans of 10 years' duration (5-6 years for working capital) for business plant construction, including

the acquisition of land, to finance acquisition of equipment, facilities, machinery, supplies or materials, or working

capital, section 7(a) PL 85-536. Interest rate is 4 percent in designated redevelopment areas, 5}i percent in

other areas; if bank participates at lower rate on its share, SBA will reduce accordingly as low as 5 percent.

Provides 25-year duration loans for local development corporations plant construction, conversion, or expansion,

including acquisition of land, to assist an identifiable small business concern. Section 502 PL 85-699. Interest

rate is 4 percent in designated redevelopment areas, 5K percent other areas; if bank participates, at lower rate,

SBA will reduce accordingly as low as 5 percent.
Power Supplier (REA Electric Borrower)

For electrical equipment, including machinery, wiring, and plumbing for persons in rural areas who are

receiving or about to receive electric service from an REA electric borrower. Repayment period of 10 years'

duration generally, but not more than two-thirds hfe of equipment. Interest rate recommended at 4 percent.

Veterans Administration

For eligible veterans (GI) to buy or expand a business.

Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior

Provides guidance for industrial development to tribal and reservation communities.

>- Private Credit Sources

See page 17 for listing.

LAND-USE ADJUSTMENT

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See CROPLAND CONVERSION, FORESTRY RECREATION AND SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT.

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See FORESTRY, RECREATION AND SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Co

LAND-USE ADJUSTMENT—Continued

Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See FORESTRY.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Appraisal of potentials of crops, grasses, and trees. See GREAT PLAINS CONSERVATION VNO Si^TT

SURVEY. '

MARKETING FARM CROPS

Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical and cost sharing assistance to States to improve marketing practices and make feasibility

studies concerning market facihties and outlets.

Provides inspection, grading, market news, and other services designed to facilitate the marketing of ac^ricultural products. "^ ^

Assists in improving marketing conditions for farm products through various programs by removing or divertmg price depressing surpluses, by expanding uses or consumption, and by encouraging increased consumer buying.

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides 4 percent loans up to 5 years' duration to assist in providing adequate farm storage facilities and

drying equipment for certain crops.
Farmer Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Conducts research studies of cooperative marketing of farm and forest products and provides advisory assistance to farmers' marketing cooperatives.

Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides advice and counsel concerning prices, marketing schedules, grading, packaging, marketing cooperatives, and other aspects of distribution.

MINERALS DEVELOPMENT

IS Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior

Provides advice and guidance on technical problems relating to health, safety, processing for production,

extraction and utilization of minerals, metals, and fuels.

Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior

Publishes topographic maps and investigations on geologic, mineral, and water resources.

Office of Minerals Exploration, U.S. Department of the Interior

Assists firms and individuals in exploration of mineral claims. Repayment period is determined by loan

size and royalty.
OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING

U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

ARA

These two departments, under the Area Redevelopnient Act, cooperate m tlie admnnstration of a program of

occupational training designed to develop and improve the working skills of the unemployed and under-employed.

This program consists of 16 weeks of training and provides for up to 16 weeks of subsistence payments equivalent

to the average unemployment compensation rate of the State concerned. This program is available only in areas

designated under the Area Redevelopment Act.

MDTA

These two departments cooperate in the administration of the Manpower Development and Traunng Act

which operates nationwide. Qualifications for this program are: unemployed (includes niembers of farni families

with less than $1,200 annual net family income); working below their skiU capacities; working substantially less

than full-time; will be working less than full-time or will be unemployed because their skills have become, or are

becoming obsolete, or 16 years old but not yet 22 and in need of occupational training and further schooling.

Training will be conducted in schools and "on-the-job." Subsistence payments are Umited to unemployed established members of the work fofce and youths 19 to 21 years of age. Payments equal to average unemployment

compensation rate in State except for youths whose rate will not exceed $20 a week. Under certain circumstances

remuneration of travel and allowances for living away from home are authorized.
Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Provides occupational training and retraining for workers registered and certified by State Employment

Services.

Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides occupational "on-the-job" training in protection, management and use of National Forest resources.

Veterans Administration

Provides education (GI) and training at Government expense to eligible veterans of World War II and/or

Korean conflict.

'" State Extension Service

Provides assistance in planning and implementing training and retraining program for both youth and adults.

PLANNING

Area Redevelopment Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

See TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

Bureau of Census, U.S. Department of the Interior

See TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.
PLANNING—Continued

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE and WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT and CONSERVATION

NEEDS INVENTORY.

Urban Renewal Administration, Housing and Home Finance Agency

Provides grants and loans for comprehensive planning. Section 701 Housing Act of 1954.

PUBLIC FACILITIES

Area Redevelopment Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

I? Grants provided for water systems, access roads, and other facilities under certain conditions. Section 8

PL 87-27.

Provides 3}^ percent loans of 40 years' duration for water systems, access roads, and other facilities up to

100 percent cost of projects. Section 7 PL 87-27.

Community Facilities Administration, Housing and Home Finance Agency

Provides public works planning, advances to State and other local public agencies to help finance architectural

surveys, designs, etc., for construction of public works.

Provides loans of 40 years' duration to build local public works, such as sewers, waterworks, and gas distribution systems.
Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides loans to groups of farmers and rural residents to develop water supply systems. Loans are repayable up to 40 years at 4}^ and 5 percent, depending on type of financing.

RAD ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATION

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides leadership for the organization and operation of Technical Action Panels.

Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides organizational assistance and educational l(>adersliip in establisliing and servicing RAD Committees.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Serves as co-chairman of Technical Action Panels.

Office of Rural Areas Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Expedites the ai)plication and use of resources of all agencies m tlie Department of Agriculture and elsewhere

that contribute to the rural areas development program.

RECREATION

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See FARM INCOME STABILIZATION and CROPLAND CONVERSION.
RECREATION—Cootinued

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Apiculture

Provides farm ownership and operating loans to farmers for the development of on-farm, income-producing

recreation facilities, and association loans to rural groups for community recreation enterprises. (See FARM

OWNERSHIP, FARM OPERATING ASSISTANCE, and WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT for terms

and conditions.)

Farmer Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See MARKETING FARM CROPS.

Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical assistance where planning is concerned with increased employment which may result

from recreational development of woodland areas.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical assistance to owners and operators of private land in planning and establishing incomeproducing outdoor recreation enterprises, and is responsible for Department liaison with other Federal, State,

and local agencies and groups in a position to assist in private recreation development. (See also SMALL

WATERSHED PROJECTS.)
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, U.S. Department of the Interior

Provides limited technical and advisory outdoor recreation assistance to States and their pohtical subdivisions

and promotes coordination of Federal recreation programs.

State Extension Service

Provides information and assistance to farmers.

RESEARCH

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Conducts research on family living, income and expenditures, on home nianagement, food and nutrition,

and on clothing and household equipment.

Cooperative State Experiment Station Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Administers Federal-grant payments to State Agricultural E.xperiment Stations and seeks to coordinate

research among the States and regions. Serves as central source of information on station research under way.

Farmer Cooperative Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture

Provides research, advisory service and educational assistance to farmer cooperatives that market agricultural products, handle farm supplies, and provide farm business services.
RESEARCH—Continued

''"'cofll"lnrrrair"l",,g answers to n,a,or proble.ns ,„ agn.uHure a„d rural U.in, >„ th. State.

Provide o is able to obtain reliable facts about resources m a commun.ty such as populat.on n,creases or dechne

fand ¡oU and water resources; n.arkets for crops that can be grown; and s.n.dar prunary .„fornutt.ou provuhng

a reliable'technical basis for planning rural areas action programs.

" ^•E—s"thê'impa" of, and benefits and problen.s created by auto.nation technological progress and

other cl a "es in the structure of production and demand on the use of the Nafon's uunan resources; eslabhshes

ÎechmqùesÎnd methods for detecting h, advance the potential unpact of such developments; develops solutions

totheseoroblems, and publishes findings pertaining thereto, Public Law,s,-415.

Apposes the adequacy of the Kation's manpower development clîorts to meet foreseeable manpower needs

nnfl rpooinmend needed adiustments, Public Law 87-415. . . ., • .1 1 .• , „

irù"ès for the conduct of such research and investigations as give promise of furthering the objectives

of the iNtanpower Development and Training Act, Public Law 87-415.
RIVER BASIN PLANNING

Departments of Agriculture; Health, Education, and Welfare; Interior; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, and

State Governments

Plans for development of water and related land resources in major river basins of the Nation. Information

on the status of plans and development can be obtained from the above-mentioned Departments.

RURAL LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT

Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare

Provides grants to States for the further extension of public library services to rural areas without such

service or with inadequate service.

SENIOR CITIZENS

Housing and Home Finance Agency

Home Mortgage Insurance Program for home buyers, including older persons, who want and are able to

own their own homes.

Mortgage Insurance Program for low-cost homes for sales housing for displaced and moderate-income families

including the elderly.
SENIOR CITIZENS—Continued

Senior Citizens Insured Loan Program for construction or improvement of rental housing and related facilities

in rural areas for elderly persons.

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See HOUSING.

State Extension Service—County Agents

Assistance in establishing leisure time programs, handicrafts, recreation, and other retirement activities.

SMALL WATERSHED PROJECTS

¡t^ Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical and financial aid to local sponsors of small watershed protection projects which may

also include development of water for agricultural, municipal, wildlife, and recreational uses.

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides data on the physical characteristics of soils with respect to their ability to sustain an intensified

forage and range production program and special horticultural crops. Provides information on hydrology and

water resources development problems in relation to sustained production with the least erosion and flood

damage.

rvs
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides financial assistance for soil and water conservation projects involving individual farm and community activities.

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides loans to groups of farmers and other rural residents to finance shifts in land use, which may include

development of recreation areas, reorganization of farm management units, development of wildlife, grazing, or

forest areas, and other conservation measures. (See WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT for terms and

conditions.) (See FORESTRY.)

Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides research data on watershed management techniques and provides technical assistance in applying

recommended practices on forest land.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides on-farm technical assistance to farmers and ranchers in planning, applying, and maintaining conservation farm and ranch systems through 3,000 local soil conservation districts. (See FORESTRY.)

State Extension Service

Provides educational assistance through Extension SoU and Water Conservationists in cooperation with SCS

technicians and soil conservation districts.
SOIL SURVEY

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Soil surveys and their, interpretation for conservation planning, forest and crop adaptability, suitability of

land for housing. Published soil surveys are available from U.S. Department of Agriculture. For unpublished

new^ surveys see local or State Soil Conservation Service office.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See MARKETING FARM CROPS.

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL.

Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See FORESTRY, INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL and RECREATION.

Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See FARM OPERATION ASSISTANCE.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical assistance to land owners and operators for planning and applying soil and water conser-
vation measures and land-use adjustments on farm and nonfarm lands. (See SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION, SOIL SURVEY, GREAT PLAINS CONSERVATION, RECREATION, SMALL WATERSHEDS,

and WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT.)

Rural Areas Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Specialized advice and guidance is provided by the agencies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to

individuals and organizations engaged in Rural Areas Development.

Farmer Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

See FARMER COOPERATIVES.

Bureau of the Census and other similar agencies in the U.S. Department of Commerce

Provides information and assistance with Overall Economic Development Programs (OEDPs), projects and

related needs.

Area Redevelopment Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

Provides financial assistance under section 11, Public Law 87-27, specifically where qualified for development

of OEDPs and making economic studies.

Additional technical assistance in designated areas is provided in specialized fields of interest by the several

agencies of the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health, Education, and Welfare, and Interior.
TRAINING

See OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING

WATER POLLUTION AND SEWAGE

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical assistance to plan and apply practices to control erosion and reduce sediment that pollutes

water supplies and clogs sewage and drainage systems.

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

^ Provides basic data on water quality in relation to sedimentation and salinity problems.

Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and State Water Pollution Control Agencies

Provides programs for water pollution control, interstate cooperation, research and investigation as well as

financial assistance to communities for sewage treatment projects. Funds allotted to States according to population and per capita income. Participation by communities is required.

WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides physical data on soil and water resource needs and capabilities.
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides farmers and ranchers financial assistance (cost sharing) for water development for livestock, irrigation and wildlife.

Farmers Home Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides loans to local organizations to help finance projects that protect and develop land and water resources in small watersheds. Loans are repayable up to 50 years at current interest of about 3 percent.

Provides 4^2 to bVi percent loans of up to 40 years duration to individuals or groups in rural areas to develop

water supply systems for farm and home uses, drain farm land, and for soil conservation. General technical

assistance provided on flood and siltation control and related problems.

Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Provides technical assistance for water development for livestock, irrigation, wildlife, and recreation. Assists

local watershed communities in planning and carrying out watershed protection and flood prevention projects.

Makes snow surveys for seasonal water forecasting in the Western States.

U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior

Assists areas in determining water and mineral resources (See MINERALS DEVELOPMENT)
WATER USE AND DEVELOPMENT—Continued

Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army

Assists in providing flood and navigation controls on major and small river basins. Financing by congressional appropriation.

Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Manages National Forests and Grasslands for water for industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes for

much of the Nation. Cooperates in small watershed projects and River Basin studies.

» WEATHER DATA

Climatological Service, National Records Center, Asheville, N.C.

Source of climatological information.

YOUTH

State Extension Service

Provides leadership and training programs through 4-H Clubs, and other organizations in career exploration

and development, public affairs, and character development.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1963 O 685406
FAMILY FARMS

RURAL INDUSTRY

RECREATION

RURAL GROUP SERVICES

TRAINING

RURAL HOUSING

CONSERVATION

RURAL RENEWAL

LOCAL LEADERSHIP

PRIVATE STATE SOURCES