‘Symm. about €

Completed roadway widths and grades
in accordonce with existing section

‘Anchor trench

6'Gravel blanket os
‘required in beaching zone

*-Buried plostic membrane lining
Firm, relatively smooth surface

“Eorth cover
0.78 59.ft! 3.2m ‘02

TRANSVERSE SECTION OF WATERWAY

FLOW

Cover material

Cover material

Membrane plastic lining” ~Tomp bockfill_ prior

‘to overlapping plastic

Membrane lining membrone
LONGITUDINAL SECTION LONGITUDINAL SECTION
METHOD OF ENDING PLASTIC MENORANE MEMBRANE RELIEF LAP FOR UPLIFT TO BE PROVIDED

WHERE UPLIFT SEEPAGE 15 EXPECTED; AND
[AT SPLICES SPACED AT 500’ MAX. SPACING

VINYL PLASTIG SHEETS INSTALLED

NO, SHEETS WIDTH LENGTH SQUARE YARDS

1 , 500 1833

1 340 1247
1 ot 500 1889
‘ Mo 550 2078
3 ahi 500) 5806
1 Biot ve! 701

1 36-0" 47 2580
4 36-0 500 8000
' 36-6 6s) 2476

26618

TUCUMGARI PROJECT -NEW MEXICO
McCASKEY LATERAL
PLASTIG LINING CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

17



SPARLING METER CLAMP
FOR

ATTACHING TO CONCRETE PIPE
SIZE 12" To 18" INC.

172" sto CAP scREW
WINGS WELDED ON

OFILL AND TAP Fon
12" st0 cap Skew
h

hers

i

cu

Se — 2% - a8!

-
4
|

a a

i
ct - 3%

lO

I

Lo).
a

we -2t 9

BACK VIEW BOTTOM VIEW

Fig. 3

left in place and the meter quickly slipped on and off of the clamp.
Since the meter can be more easily attached in the proper position,
it also is believed that more accurate water measurement is possible.

*
%

11



The cover operations were begun immediately after placing the lining.
The cover consists of 1 foot of earth material, and in the beaching
zones on the slopes, 6 inches of earth cover with a 6-inch gravel blan-
ket has been placed to control erosion in these areas. Good organiza-
tion and workmanship in placing the vinyl plastic lining were evident
and without the wind, which hampered the work at times, it was esti-
mated that during an 8-hour day, 3, 000 linear feet (10, 000 square
yards) of plastic lining could have been placed.

GASOLINE
(Reprinted from Niobrara-Lower Platte Projects Safety Bulletin)

Improper use and handling of gasoline is causing serious injuries
every day in this country. Developing safe practices for handling
and use of gasoline cannot be overemphasized.

Remember, it's the gasoline vapors that burn, not the gasoline, and
the higher the temperature the more rapid the rate of evaporation.
Gasoline will evaporate in temperatures as low as 45° below zero.
Another thing to remember, is that gasoline vapors are heavier than
air and unless there is some circulation these vapors will flow along
the lowest point.

The following safety rules are a must in handling and using gasoline:

There must be no smoking, open lights, or flames where gasoline
is handled or used.

Never use gasoline for any cleaning purpose. This rule applies,
not only to your hands and clothing, but to equipment and parts.

Use either fuel oil, which is generally available, or some other
relatively safe solvent.

Before you fuel equipment, be sure the engine is stopped.

Use only approved safety cans to carry gasoline.

When you're pouring gasoline, keep the hose nozzle or can spout
in contact with the rim of the tank opening.

Avoid spillage or overflow. If you should spill more than a few
drops, flush it with water.

In order to keep from being a victim of a gasoline fire, it is impor-
tant that we practice these few safety rules.

%
*
%

21



Fig. 2

Fig. 3


Installation of the Plastic Lining

Installation of the lining was begun at the downstream end of the lat-
eral. Working upstream, Photograph 6, the lining was installed by
unfolding the plastic film from the box while the box, ona truck, was
moved along the lateral operating road. The plastic was pulled into
Position and anchored in the berm trenches, Photographs 7 and 8, by
use of patrol graders operating on each side of the lateral. The first
sheet of plastic lining installed was 36 feet wide by 647 feet long.
This 2, 580 square yards of lining was installed in 2 hours' time,

Where concrete structures were encountered in the lateral, a trench
approximately 12 inches deep was excavated along the sides of the

structure walls. The surface of the concrete was then cleaned and
an asphaltic mastic similar to roof flashing material was applied to
the cleaned area. The

plastic film was cut and

carefully pressed to the
e . asphalt coating to pro-
- ~ jj vide a watertight seal.
f at. -* A typical installation is
shown in Photograph 9.

4 At the end of the installa-
- ¥ tion of each sheet of plas-
> z tic, the upstream end of
= é the sheet was folded back
. : approximately 3 feet and
¢ re zt : = a 2-foot-deep transverse
tag z eae: cutoff trench was dug by
: hand across the lateral
as shown in the longitu-
Photograph 5 dinal sections of the draw-
ing, page 17. The sheet
was then unfolded and
tucked into the cutoff
trench, Photograph 10,
and the trench carefully
backfilled. The next
sheet of vinyl was placed
in the invert, allowing a
3-foot overlap.

Placement of the plastic
lining was accomplished
rapidly without difficulty
other than that resulting

Photograph 6

18


Photograph 11

Photograph 12

from placement during
gusty winds. After the
first day, high winds
were encountered which
required employing spe-
cial techniques to prevent
the wind from blowing the
plastic lining from the
lateral. By using the fol-
lowing techniques, it was
possible to install the plas-
tic during relatively high
winds.

1. The lining was placed
as nearly as possible,
moving in the direction
of the wind.

2. Sufficient laborers
were used to keep the
plastic in a tight fold,
as it was removed from
the container, until
unfolding it over the lat-
eral subgrade.

3. As the plastic was
placed on the subgrade,
it was immediately
weighted down with tem-
porary weights.

4, Some cover material
was then immediately
bladed, with patrol
graders, from the berm
onto the placed lining.

The project forces found
that old discarded tires,
Photograph 11, could be
conveniently used as tem-
porary weights for holding
the plastic lining down until
a small quantity of cover
material could be placed.

The completed installation
at the upstream end is
shown in Photograph 12.


INSTALLATION OF BURIED PLASTIC MEMBRANE CANAL LINING
TUCUMCARI PROJECT, NEW MEXICO

The first large-scale installation of plastic canal lining on a Bureau
project was made this spring on the Tucumcari Project, New Mexico,
by the Arch Hurley Conservancy District, which is responsible for
the operation and maintenance of project irrigation facilities. Assist-
ance was provided by representatives from the Bureau's Regional

and Denver Offices. The work involved requires placement of

32,282 square yards of lining in 6,558 linear feet of the McCaskey
Lateral and 1,700 linear feet of the Savage Lateral. The lining is
being used to control seepage in areas that have generally become

too wet for agriculture.

The plastic selected for the lining work was 10-mil-thick, black
polyvinyl chloride film, fabricated in widths up to 36 feet and lengths
up to 647 feet from plastic material having widths of 54 inches. The
seams were bonded by use of liquid cement. The various lengths
and widths of plastic lining required for the McCaskey Lateral are
shown in the figure on page 17. Three sheets, 29 feet wide by 500
feet long, and one sheet 29 feet wide by 258 feet long, were furnished
for the Savage Lateral.

The plastic lining was packaged by accordion folding the material
into cardboard boxes 40 inches wide by 56 inches long, and from

18 to 30 inches high, depending on the length and width of the sheet.
In all, 17 boxes of plastic lining, weighing a total of 20, 000 pounds,
were received on the project. For shipment, the cardboard boxes
were supported by a wooden frame fastened with several steel bands.
The plastic lining arrived in good condition. Photograph 1 shows
the packaged plastic lining as received on the project. The 32, 282
square yards of lining were furnished to the jobsite at a cost of

$15, 323, or $0.47 per square yard.

rT TT es —— preparation of Lateral

mena - ‘ Only the McCaskey Lat-

eral was prepared for
plastic lining this spring.
It is planned that the
plastic lining will be
installed on the Savage
Lateral in the Fall of
1962 after the irrigation
season has been com-
pleted.

The subgrade of the
McCaskey Lateral was

Photograph 1

15


The only disadvantages reported in comparing the grader-mounted
sloper with one tractor mounted is that good firm footing is required
for the grader-mounted sloper--much more so than with a track lay-
ing unit. However, but few difficulties have been encountered in this
regard and both blades on the motor grader can be used in jacking
the machine out of difficulties.

Mr. Sterling reports that it pays to provide for good firm footing for
operation of the motor grader because the cleaning operation with
this machine is so economical. The Kittitas Reclamation District
has spent thousands of dollars in building up ditch banks and roads
and in moving fences back from narrow rights-of-way So that the
machine can be used. It is planned to have between one-third and
one-half of all canals and laterals accessible to this type of cleaning
by providing operating roads on both sides of the waterways. The
motor with which the grader was equipped has ample power for the
work encountered.

Costs have been kept by the district on an actual cost-per-hour basis.
They are believed somewhat high because the motor grader was a
secondhand piece of equipment and need for repairs developed within
a short time after purchase. Actual operation costs, including depre-
ciation, labor, fuel, repairs, etc., over 2, 200 hours, averaged
$12.11 per hour.

Fresno Field Division--Central Valley Project, California. ~~

Mr. Frank M. Bustamonte of the Fresno Field Division, of the
Bureau of Reclamation, Central Valley Project in California, reports
that a grader-mounted sloper has proven in most instances to be very
satisfactory and economical in the maintenance of small earth canals.
The grader sloper may be mounted on a crawler tractor, a motor
grader or other equipment of similar or equal size.

The grader sloper is hydraulically operated in all positions. It can
be used on any degree of slope, and can be operated in either dry or
water-filled canals. It is used for cleaning, reshaping, constructing,
and maintaining banks as well as operating roadways, and will fill
in washouts and cave -ins. Some irrigation districts have used the
grader sloper extensively for weed control and have been very suc~
cessful in obtaining good results. The photograph shown on page 8,
and on the cover of this issue of the bulletin are views of a grader-
mounted unit in use on the Lower Tule River Irrigation District
reshaping and removing vegetation from a typical small canal, while
traveling at a rate of 4 to 5 miles per hour.

As with all types of equipment, the grader sloper has its limitations
along with its good points. First, the grader sloper must have a good
road or solid bank on which to operate; second, it must be attached

to a dependable piece of equipment that will be able to move it eco-
nomically; and most important of all, jt must be operated by a person
who knows how to effectively operate the grader sloper as well as the



PX-D-14612
CH-584-4

that may inhibit the attachment
of algae. Many of these test
Paints are commercial marine
antifouling formulations fur-
nished by cooperating manu-
facturers; others have been
experimental formulations,

The paint materials are brush
applied in 1- and 2-coat appli-
cations to relatively small
areas on a concrete -lined irri-
gation canal and are evaluated
periodically for effectiveness
and durability,

Results from some of the earlier
studies are reported in Opera -
tion and Maintenance E uipment
and Procedures, Releases

No. 29 and 37, Antifouling
paints used to date for algae
prevention are mostly of a sol-
uble matrix type containing
copper as the toxicant, This
type of antifouling paint is an
effective algae inhibitor, but
due to its composition, the

Fig. 2 coating erodes quite rapidly,



p4-D-33584

Fig. 4

If additional information for procurement of this improved gate slide
is desired, write the Bureau of Reclamation, Mail Code D-410, Build-
ing 53, Denver Federal Center, Denver 25, Colorado.

ANTIFOULING PAINT FOR PREVENTION OF
ALGAE ATTACHMENT TO IRRIGATION STRUCTURES

The attachment of filamentous algae to conerete canal linings and
other structures on irrigation systems presents a problem and a nui-
sance to the irrigation operator. The primary objections of the algal
growth are the reduction of channel capacity and interference in mak-
ing correct water discharge measurements at gaging stations. The
algae causing the problems usually are certain species of the greens
which attach to structures by means of a hold fast cell. The very
small algal filaments or strands, being of various shades of green,
have a hair-like appearance in shape and size. The length to which
these filaments will grow and remain attached to the concrete flume
is illustrated in Figure 1, page 4.

For the past several years, a study has been conducted by the Weed
Control Section, Chemical Engineering Branch, Division of Engineer-
ing Laboratories, U. Ss. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado,
for evaluation of special selected paint materials to determine those


Photograph 3

Photograph 4

prepared by first over-
excavating approximately
1 foot and shaping the bot-
tom and slopes with drag-
line equipment. The bot-
tom and slopes were then
smoothed by dragging a
heavy steel-link chain

up and down the lateral.
Large clods were worked
to the bottom where they
were dissolved and leveled
by running irrigation
water into the bottom of
the lateral. The canal
subgrade was finished to
a bottom width of 8 feet
with 2:1 side slopes.
Trenches 1 foot deep
were made in each berm
for anchoring the plastic
lining along the top of the
side slopes.

Construction details are
shown in the drawing in
the upper portion of the
figure on page 17, and
Photographs 2, 3, 4, and
5 are views of the lateral
taken at various times
during the preparation
and lining operation.

Photograph 2 is a typical
view of the McCaskey Lat-
eral prior to preparation
for the placement of the
vinyl plastic lining.

Photographs 3, 4, and 5
are views of the lateral
after preparation of the
subgrade for placement
of the plastic film. Shown
is the general smoothness
of the subgrade and the
anchor trenches at the
berms,


cuprous oxide. Test results from these investigations are included
in annual laboratory progress reports that are available upon request.

Reports and source aint recommended may be
obtained by writing i istant Commissioner and Chief

A canal bank sloper, designed and engineered primarily for the pur-
pose of maintaining irrigation system canals, laterals and drains,

as described in Release No. 10 of the Operation and Maintenance
Equipment and Procedures bulletin (1954), was originally mounted

on several sizes and makes of tractors. More recently the manu-
facturer has provided for mounting the sloper on conventional graders,
and two projects have reported on the Satisfactory operation of the

Kittitas Reclamation District--Yakima Project, Washington. --
Mr. GL. Sterling, Secretary-Manager of the Kittitas Reclamation

Some of the advantages in addition to the above include:

(1) Mobility of e uipment, --The grader with the sloper blade
in place can be moved most any place under its own power.

(2) Weight, weight distribution and leaning wheel. --These fea-
tures add weight to the sloper in removal of heavy berms and the
length of the machine provides for better control over side draft
movement.

(3) No changeover of equipment necessary. --Both sloper and
grader blades can be carried on the machine at all times.

(4) Cleaning in wet or dr canal. --Cleaning can be accomplished
with or without water in a canal or lateral.

5) Compaction of ditch banks. --An incidental benefit and advan-

(
tage is that the weight of the machine compacts the ditch banks
over which it travels,


BETTER TRAILER HITCH
(Reprinted from the Plowback by permission of the National Confer-
ence on State Parks.)

An improved portable trailer hitch devised by Harold E, Scott, Oper-
ator General at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks not only won
one award but when he modified the idea later, won a second.

———

3 —

Fg tt 7

—_ = =

rd

PX-D-33590 ae

Harold's trailer hitch as now devised permits horizontal expansion

of the T-bar to fit pickup beds varying from approximately 38 to

65 inches, while the tongue of the T-bar permits vertical adjustment
for about 7 inches.

The hitch has been used suc-
cessfully in pulling small hot
pots, rotary pull brooms,
welders, etc.

As the photographs and

sketch on the following page
show, the basic unit is T-
shaped, made from channel,
strap and angle iron, includ-
ing the hitch bracket welded
to the bottom of the tongue.
Two separable sliding outer
members ride on the sides

of the T to allow adjustments
to fit various truck bed widths.
Legs on these sliding mem-
bers fit into truck stake holes.

PX-D-33591

22


LAST COPY - DO NOT REMOVE

Department of the Interior
Bureau of Reclamation

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES
RELEASE NO. 40

April, May and June 1962

P885-D-3358/

CONTENTS

Improved Slide Gate Design

Antifouling Paint for Prevention of Algae Attachment to
Irrigation Structures

Grader-mounted Sloper

Flowmeter Clamp

Stinging Insects Cause Trouble

Safety Treads for Equipment

Improved Wrecking Bars

Installation of Buried Plastic Membrane Canal Lining--Tucumcari
Project, New Mexico

Gasoline

Better Trailer Hitch


Operating Costs--Continued

Gasoline for starting = $ 0.030/hr
Lubrication Oil and Filter = $ 0.088/hr
Grease 0.60 lbs/hr at $0.18/1b = $ 0,108/hr
Repairs

$2, 520. 99 based on 21 months period = $120.05/month
3, 050 hours of operation in 21 months = $ 0.826/hr
Interest, Taxes, and Insurance = $ 0.833/hr
Total Cost of Operating Motor Grader = $ 4.477/hr

Sloping Blade Attachment

Depreciation
based on 12,000 hrs life = $ 0.413/hr
Interest, Taxes, and Insurance = $ 0.149/hr
Repairs

$270.12 based on 18 months period = $ 15. 01/month

Repairs after 2,287.5 hours of oper-

ation in 18 months = $ 0.118/hr

Total Cost of Operating Blade = $ 0. 680/hr

Total Cost of Operation

Grader and blade per hour = $ 5.157
Cost per mile
Grader and blade, based on an average
speed of 4-1/2 mph = $ 1.15

If additional information is desired, write Mr. G. L. Sterling, Man-
ager, Kittitas Reclamation District, 4th Avenue and Water Streets,
Ellensburg, Washington; Regional Director, U.S. Bureau of Recla-
mation, Post Office Box 2511, Sacramento, California, or Assistant
Commissioner and Chief Engineer, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation,
Denver Federal Center, Building 53, Denver 25, Colorado, Attention:
Code D-410.



equipment to which it is attached. If the operator is not completely
familiar with both pieces of equipment and their capabilities, the
results will be unsatisfactory until he is properly trained.

In California, The Fresno Irrigation District, Lower Tule River
Irrigation District, Madera Irrigation District, and Chowchilla Water
District, among others, are using the grader sloper for construction
and maintenance of their canal systems. Although cost data on this
type of work is difficult to obtain, an attempt has been made to pro-
vide the information available in this area on the grader sloper.
Included in Mr. Bustamonte's report are some cost figures based on
several years of actual fieldwork which were compiled by Mr. William
Alexander, Engineer-Manager of the Lower Tule River Irrigation
District, Post Office Box 511, Woodville Rural Station, Porterville,
California. These figures are based ona sloper attached to a motor
grader used for reshaping, cleaning, and weed control on canals,
traveling about 4 to 5 miles per hour.

Motor Grader
Initial Cost $27, 754, 48

6 years depreciation at 16-2/3% per year
depreciation based on 12, 000 hrs life = $ 2.313/hr

Operating Costs
Diesel Fuel, 3 gals/hr at $0.093/gal = $ 0.279/hr ~


hence, there is a need for paint replenishment, following each irriga-
tion season. This is especially true on the invert portion of canals.

More recent test results show that certain insoluble matrix-type anti-
fouling paints are superior to the soluble matrix materials because

of their longer effective life. The effectiveness of this type of anti-
fouling paint is shown in Figure 2.

The insoluble matrix paint consists of a vinyl-resin base and a high
percentage of cuprous oxide pigment. Those materials that have
shown the best performance for both algae prevention and durability
conform to Military Specifications MIL-P-15931A, ''Paint, Antifoul-
ing, Vinyl-Red (Formula No. 121)."' Therefore, on the basis of infor-
mation obtained to date, antifouling paints conforming to these speci-
fications are recommended for use in preventing algal growth on
irrigation structures. If the structure is ferrous metal, an anticor-
rosion vinyl primer should be used in conjunction with the antifouling
paint.

The paint material recommended ponds well to clean, dry concrete.
Two coats are suggested for best performance. A 2-coat application
will give a coverage of about 150 square feet per gallon. Cost of the
paint ranges from $7.50 to $8.00 per gallon, depending on the loca-
tion.

Due to the cost, this method has been limited to small areas such as
flumes and weirs, or to flumes where water flows of less than max-
imum capacity are critical. Algae prevention with antifouling paints
has proven to be an effective method and it is becoming quite popular
with irrigation operators.

Antifouling paint used for control of algae on flumes of the Black
Canyon Irrigation District was also noted to give a reasonable degree
of control of black fly larvae. These paint materials may have possi-
bilities for use in inhibiting the attachment of other aquatic organisms
such as Bryozoa (pipe moss) and aquatic mosses that are now fre-
quently being recognized on irrigation structures.

Antifouling paints function by preventing the adherence of organisms
to the paint itself, but they do not give control beyond the painted
areas. The toxicant component of the paint is leached from the paint
matrix at an extremely low rate. Consequently, the concentration of
toxicant (copper) in the water does not reach a level toxic to the
organisms away from the coating. Also, the copper concentration in
water would not be considered deleterious to crop plants, injurious
to fish, or rise above the limit (3 ppm as copper) established by the
U.S. Public Health Service for potable water supplies.

Investigations are continuing on these and other antifouling paint
materials for the purpose of obtaining additional information for
improvement of this method of algae prevention on irrigation struc-
tures. Some of the newer materials contain toxicants other than

5



Photograph 7

A ay
a

Photograph 9

19

;

ie



IMPROVED SLIDE GATE DESIGN

Most light-duty headgates in use on Bureau of Reclamation projects in
the Pacific Northwest, and probably elsewhere, according to 3. Vis
Walker of the Bureau's Regional Office in Boise, Jdaho, have round,
concave gate slides (leaves or disks). There are two objections to the
operating characteristics of this type of gate:

1. The orifice opening is crescent shaped with very sharp
corners, which can easily catch trash when only partly open
and reduce flow to the farm.

2. The space behind the gate slide, caused by its concave shape,
allows water to flow through a relatively small opening at the top
of the gate seat which also can be very easily choked with trash
slowly reducing the flow desired and Officially measured to the
water user.

One of the older gates of standard design in use on many projects is
that shown in Figure 1. The flow of water through the standard design
round, concave gate slide and the shape of the orifice and flow behind
the slide is apparent. An improved slide can now be obtained. This
new slide pattern is constructed of the same gray cast iron material,
but has a square bottom and flat back. A front view of this improved
slide is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 is a view of the back side.

The older standard slide and the improved slide with the square
bottom are shown side by side in Figure 4, The new gate slide is
interchangeable with the older standard model.



STINGING INSECTS CAUSE TROUBLE
(Reprinted from the Niobrara-Lower Platte Projects Safety Bulletin)

Although rare, some people are extremely sensitive to bee and wasp
stings. Surprisingly, bees cause more deaths than snakes.

Although honeybees, bumblebees, hornets and wasps have been around
for millions of years, we must be realistic and take into considera-
tion that dangers do exist when employees are exposed to these active
little "stingers."

The majority of us can suffer stings by bees or wasps with no ill
effects. The usual reaction to such a sting is local pain followed

by swelling and itching. These symptoms subside after several
hours to 2 or 3 days. Treatment for the normal person and his
insect sting consists of keeping him calm and applying ice immedi-
ately to the affected area. Application of ice will help to retard
swelling and relieve pain. Calamine lotion may be used to relieve
itching. As the poison of insects is compounded chiefly of an acid,
the local application of an alkali should be employed. Prompt and
liberal application of Spirits of Ammonia will neutralize the acid

and provide relief within 20 minutes to 1 hour. If swelling continues,
put on a second application. A paste made of baking soda also affords
great relief.

In general, prevention is not easy to accomplish because normally
none of the insect repellents are effective against the wasp, hornet,
and yellow jacket, although they are very effective against mosquitoes
and other biting pests. People who are constantly exposed to wasps
are strongly advised to wear a helmet or hat with a net over their
face and neck, a heavy long-sleeve cotton shirt, and gloves.

Newspapers and medical journals of the last few years have reported
extreme cases where tragedy has taken place with unbelievable swift-
ness. For instance, in Texas, a man clipping his hedge was attacked
by yellow jackets and stung on the neck and forehead. Five minutes
later, he was dead. How can an insect weighing less than 1/100 of
an ounce kill a husky human being in minutes? The answer lies in
our body's allergic reaction to certain foreign materials. Pint sized
though the yellow jacket is, compared to other wasps and bumblebees,
it has a venom capable of producing a violent reaction. Victims,
however, are usually forewarned of their allergy by severe reactions
to several stings preceding the fatal one. A person who experiences
extreme headache, nausea or dizziness after a bee sting, should see
his doctor immediately. The doctor can counteract the poison and
give the patient immunization shots or an emergency treatment kit.
Should you be stung by a bee or wasp, it is important that you seek
medical attention if symptoms warrant.

ae OK Kk

12



tandard wrecking bar

The first improvement is the simplest, being the use of two pipe tees
and a nipple to make a fulcrum for a standard wrecking bar. The
fulcrum can be taped in place with friction tape, or welded.

The second idea is a little harder to work out, but will pay big

---- Wrecker applies weight here

14

dividends in tearing down
walls, especially in push-
ing off wood siding with
minimum damage.

As the sketch shows, the
tool looks a little like a
cant hook, with a wood
block in place of the
usual hook.

Where a cant hook has a
pointed working end to the
handle, the special wreck-
ing bar has a wood block
bolted in place at one side
to fit the outer surface of
the stud and provide lever-
age.


OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES
Release No. 40

April, May and June 1962

INTRODUCTION

The Operation and Maintenance Equipment and Procedures bulletin,
published quarterly, is circulated for the benefit of irrigation proj-
ect operation and maintenance people. Its principal purpose is to
serve as a medium of exchanging operation and maintenance infor-
mation. It is hoped that the laborsaving devices or less costly
equipment developed by the resourceful water users will be a step
toward commercial development of equipment for use on irrigation
projects ina continued effort to reduce costs and increase oper-
ating efficiency.

This issue, Release No. 40, includes an article on the advantages
of a change in the design of light-duty headgates for irrigation struc-
tures, page 1; an article concerning recent field and laboratory
studies made of antifouling paint for preventing algae and larvae
attachment to irrigation structures, page 3; a report on the use of
grader-mounted slopers in the maintenance of canals and laterals

on two Bureau projects, including the cost of operating this type of
equipment, page 6; and on page 15, the first large-scale use of plas-
tic film as a lining for irrigation system laterals is described.

In addition, there is included in this issue of the bulletin, several
suggested jaborsaving devices and equipment improvements sub-
mitted by employees of the Bureau of Reclamation and others, that
might be useful on operating irrigation projects, as well as some
tips on safety.

To assure proper recognition of those individuals whose suggestions
are published in the bulletins, the suggestion number as well as

the person's name is given. All Bureau offices are reminded to
notify their Suggestions Awards Committee when a suggestion is
adopted.

ne KK

Division of Irrigation Operations
Office of Assistant Commissioner and Chief Engineer
Denver, Colorado



S'x2"x 40" strap iron~.

Top 82° long.

Weld ~~~

1" 93" 95" bar---7] |°[>~Holes on I" centers

eB x 2" x14" bar 1

NOTES: ek---Attach to bumper here
Drawings not to scale

Adjustable housings

ROKR RK

GPO 857136

23



Cover sheet. A grader-mounted sloper is being used by the Lower
Tule River Irrigation District in reshaping and weed control ona
typical small canal. This is a one man operation, and normally
proceeds with the grader traveling about 4 to 5 miles per hour.
Photo No. P885-D-33581.


10

FLOWMETER CLAMP
(Suggestion R1CB-62-16)

An improved clamp that can
be readily attached to con-
crete pipe to hold a flowmeter
while measuring the flow of
water from a canal turnout
has been developed by Marvin
C, Sektnan of the East Low
Field Branch, Irrigation Divi-
sion, Columbia Basin Project,
Washington. The first clamp
constructed and shown in Fig-
ures 1 and 2 below, was made
from spare parts and mate-
rials available on the project.
It made attachment of the
flowmeter to the pipe much
simpler and less time con-
suming than previous methods
used and the idea has been
adopted for use on projects

in the Pacific Northwest.

The clamp shown in detail
3 embodies some
ments over that shown
gure 1, and can be made
in any machine shop at a nom-
inal cos It can be attached
to the pipe b: ghtening the
two set screws. With wings
on the set screws, no wrench
is needed to tighten the clamp
sufficiently to hold the meter
firmly inposition. The meter
can than be slipped onto the
clamp as shown in Figure 2.

It is difficult to place a mon-
etary value of the clamp, but
ditchriders report the devite
is a time saver and a conven-
lence, especially should it be
necessary to make several
water measurements at the
same place at frequent inter-
vals. The clamp can be


SAFETY TREADS FOR EQUIPMENT
(Reprinted from Plowback by permission of the National Conference
on State Parks, Washington D.C.)

Supervisory Park Ranger, H. Wayne Norton, of Great Sand Dunes
National Monument, Colorado received an award for his suggestion
on safe footing.

Vehicles such as pickups and dump trucks which men must mount
and alight from often present safety hazards under wet, muddy, and
icy conditions. Wayne suggests the use of "Safety Tread, " on run-
ning boards, bumpers, and other areas where a man may step. The
photographs show the material applied in two ways, patches and
strips. The material is self-adhesive and will stick firmly to any
clean dry surface.

PX-P-335 3%

%

IMPROVED WRECKING BARS
(Reprinted from Grist by permission of the National Conference on
State Parks, Washington, D.C.)

Somebody out at Straits State Park in Michigan must have had a sore
back from wrecking a building and decided to do something about
future jobs of that kind.

As the sketches show, two improvements have been worked out to
step up the leverage without pushing harder on the wrecking bars.

13