Fig. 91

The tanks as shown in Figures 92 and 93 were constructed of milk

can tops welded to bottoms of 55 gallon steel drums, with the necessary
hose connections made to existing plug holes in what would have formerly
been the tops of the drums. A schematic diagram of the weed sprayer

is shown in Figure 94,

a a

=A >

WEED DISTRICT NI
oF uum cowry
suns Oe
‘Quince

~
P376-D-29193 ~

Fig. 92


Fig. 86

of 50 gallons. A diagram of the complete unit is shown in Figure 87,
and a wiring diagram and details of the hollow bronze shaft are shown
in the sketches in Figure 88.

Compressed-air Weed Sprayer

The compressed-air weed sprayer mounted in a four-wheel drive
vehicle, Figure 89, photo courtesy of Bureau of Entomology and
Plant Quarantine, 301 Metropolitan Building, Minneapolis 1,
Minnesota, has been used successfully and in hilly or in mountainous
country for barberry control work. Several hundred feet of 1/4-inch
neoprene hose is used to reach isolated weed patches in areas where
the vehicle cannot be driven.

Construction details include:

(1) Opening into 60 gallon tank (2) Outlet valves on each end

for filling with solutions or of tank insures discharge
emulsions (suspensions cannot regardless of quantity of
be used as agitation in tanks material in reservoir or the
has not been provided, ) slant of the truck bed. Each

outlet pipe extends almost to
bottom of the tank.

17


The spray gun has been modified with an adapter so that standard
nozzles with interchangeable tips can be used for applying different
quantities of herbicide. A gauge and an adjustable valve are installed
on the outlet of the propane tank to regulate the pressure. By con-
trolling the release of gas a constant pressure can be maintained at
the gun to obtain very uniform spray coverage of the plot. Generally
a pressure of approximately 40 pounds per square inch is used.

The connecting hose is 20 feet in length which allows access to all
corners of small experimental areas without moving the tank.

Fig. 97

Fig. 98

87


The counter-weighted boom, shown in position of operation in
Figure 74, is considerably lighter and much less rigid in construc-
tion than booms previously used. It was constructed at a cost of
$112.50. The new boom has required considerably less repair for
the 1 year operated than heavier booms and it is believed the
newer design will last longer in service.

The new boom may be constructed to any desired length. Counter-
balancing is accomplished by a weight supported at the boom pedestal,
Figures 75 and 76, and attached approximately at the midpoint of the
boom by cable. The boom was made of 2-inch galvanized pipe with
a 1l-inch feed line attached by means of metal straps. The valve for
controlling the feed line is a single-pull quick-acting type that is
controlled by a rope by the operator. The 1-inch feed line can be
extended 4 feet beyond its present length when used as a burner.

The method of attaching the supply line to the feed line and the

rope which controls the quick-acting valve of the feed line are
shown,

The counterweight attached to the cable weighs 85 pounds and the
weight on the end of the operating end of the boom is about 78-1/2
pounds. More detailof the boom construction is shown in the drawing
in Figure 77.

~ PI63-D- 29182

Fig. 76

68


WEED SPRAYER

Portable, 2 tanks
Engine, aircooled, 1.5-2.0 hp.
Pump, centrifugal, 14" inl, 1" oull.
Relief valve, 1",
Gauge, pressure, 0-100 p.s.i.
Valve, 13",
Valve, 1",
Pipe, 13", polyethylene with nylon fittings.
Pipe, 1", polyethylene with nylon fittings,
Reel, garden hose, heavy duty, wall-mount
type with 100 foot of 5/8" i.d. NOTE
vinyl hose, nylon reinforced. . .
Rarrell, 55 gallon with milk ean 7°U9" G2 PLONE 7 "Quintey, Weeh.
mouth, shoulder welded on top. 2

UNITED STATES.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT, WASHINGTON

WEED SPRAYER
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

oRawi- SUBMITTED... .
TRACED- RECOMMENDED.
CHECKED......... APPROVED.

Fig. 94

84



'POA-D-29194

Fig. 96

(5) Neoprene 1/4-inch hose from relief valve to bottom of tank

(6) Pressure control valve

(7) Pressure gauge

(8) Outlet shutoff valve

(9) The two-cycle air-cooled gasoline engine is constructed of
aluminum and weighs 17 pounds. The belt drive is a 4 to 1
pulley ratio.

Propane Hand Sprayer

A spray gun similar to a compressed-air paint sprayer has been
utilized for weed control by the Bureau of Reclamation, Carson
City, Nevada, as shown in Figures 97 and 98. The spray gun is
attached by a rubber hose to a tank of liquid propane. The pressure
exerted by the propane in the tank is utilized as a propelling force
to the herbicide which is contained in the 1-quart spray gun.

Pressure exerted by the compressed propane will remain constant
up to 16 times longer than compressed air since additional force
results from the propane changing from a liquid to a gaseous state.
The gas escaping with the herbicide apparently does not affect results
of the chemical treatment.

86


NOLONIHSYM * ViveHda
493°OUd NISVA VIBNNI09

S3NIDYSLVM YIOAYSS3Y NO 3SN YO4
YAAVYEdS GSLNNOW LVOG JO AISWASSV HOS WVYOVIG

400g 40
@PISINO UaxD] 4ajOM

ap!

Quay paydsjuaU0D 40 yUDdI~~
_---7-UNQ aSOH uapuDg

4ajaW moj4 yO ayoy

JO AAIDA PajosqijOg~~_ ~-----0°0,2 aualAysakiog
“Buiqn 9148D\d
paosojuiay uojlAN

‘o1sDid' aSOH Uapupg--—~

aiqixaly ‘ond A
"asOH uUoljons-~

absnyosig ,! L ,
‘ayojur 21 ‘dung |obnyiyuag~

Fig. 90

81



‘OaAOusav “OR MORHO
oz0NaWMooau “WWM “OR20HL
ORLLINENS WWW “NMHC

UIAVIIS CIIM AVMYILUM
NOLONIKS YR APBGOM do MELE, S180 709

wolMai nl 9s1 40-Iwaniuveso
‘Salvis oa11NA

ONIEVIG TYVOEINIO BW XO INIFZINIS YOIVIIOV NWWIFT

fe (SS SANSA SA SSA

JOM yu04 04 papjam a4ojd 1391S Fad

ca

Suyoaq 6uyu6)0 ee!

110m 4u0,

gry 04 a4ojd 10 dns 2
"'p s94auip 121/20079

210d
4 papjam sphus

4U04S)S84 4840M pu |10 ‘4a¥S09

Y4Id 08 —

joy paddo,

Fig. 82

73



Faced with the problem of spraying cattails in the 75-foot wide
bottom of a large wasteway, the Winchester Watermaster Section
personnel of the Columbia Basin Project designed, built and
operated a weed spray boom long enough to do the job.

Sections of 3/4-inch pipe spray booms were suspended from a

cable which was anchored to a truck on one side and the winch of

the spray rig on the other side of the wasteway. A separate
lightweight plastic hose was coupled to each 20 feet of boom, so

that the spray could be shut off over open water. Each boom section
contained standard one-piece fan-type nozzles tapped into the pipe.
The booms were suspended on wires or light cables coupled by a
harness snap to a short piece of bar stock which was welded on the
upper side at each end of each boom section. The short bar kept

the nozzles vertical.

Height and cable tensions were controlled by the spray rig opera-
tor, To install the boom, cable was paid out at a bridge or other
crossing. Boom sections were added and the cable end fastened

to the anchor truck. .As tension was increased on the cable by the
spray rig winch, the boom was raised to the proper level and spray-
ing began.

During high volume applications, 150 to 200 gallons per acre, water
was supplied by a nurse truck with less expense than unhooking the
spray rig to get water. The water in the wasteway was more than
25 feet below the roadway, otherwise it could have been lifted by the
sprayer pump.

Hoists

The use of electrically powered hoists for the operation of sprayer
booms has been previously described. A spray rig designed and
constructed by personnel of the Delta District of the Central Valley
Project, California, also
made use of an electrically
operated hoist.

The hoist was fabricated

from a starter motor con-
verted to a reversible motor
and connected to a commercial
60 to 1 heavy-duty gear reduc-
tion box as shown in Figure 78.
The cable drum is keyed to the
gear reduction shaft.

A schematic wiring diagram
for the motor and controls
is shown in the drawing,
Figure 79.

Fig. 78

70



WOOS Y3NYuNE YO

4ub1am puo
woaq Bulysoddns @wo4s 04 papiam uol4oas doy puo

10ysepad 04 papiam uojjas samo7 'sejoid ‘o1p,, 2 x, 2-2,

PEER TERT

Suldwoja 40} pasn sdoays 9! x
osjy ‘woog Kouds 04 adid
puo aiqoo Buiyooy4o 40j doxys,, 9 x2 —_

Burybiem 440Us 01 X “wo:

AVUdS G3LHOISM-Y3aLNNOD

syog 2 -b

Ol -,2 ---------

"sai se
9
Ploy Of doays | yo 41ING
“umoys 4ou 209 4yB19M

Fig. 77

Kayind ty 404 4108

~~ popiom,

, sq] Zaz sublem “Ras9s 405
usm poussso, puo Buo

pue vo sdijs 404s 260} yBnosys aioy
sim 6ul4p0US “WOIP, ¢ PUD,,s JO 4YBIEM”

syoys 2p x

oss 408,21,

69



Herbicide concentrate in liquid form is added to the suction side of

the pump in a definite proportion which is controlled by a small orifice
or valve. Where 2,4-D is used at 100 to 300 gallons per acre, pro-
portioning is reasonable accurate at 100:1 (water: herbicide); by
diluting the concentrate, 200:1 to 500:1 concentrations may be obtained.
Lower proportions may be obtained by using a larger orifice.

In practice the pump and engine are clamped to the front seat of the
boat, and a 100-foot reel of reinforced plastic hose is clamped to

the transom. The suction hose with strainer is trailed in the water
over the side of the boat. A foot valve-strainer combination would
be helpful in holding the prime of the centrifugal pump. A piece of
1/4 inch - 3/8 inch plastic (polyethylene) tubing is attached at one end
to the pump suction hose, through an automotive gasoline valve. The
other end is submersed in a 5-gallon container of the concentrated
herbicide. An orifice may be inserted in the inlet end of the tube

if a fixed proportion is desired. A more flexible, but less accurate
control is obtained by affixing a dial on the valve, and marking the
various proportions after calibration.

Small patches of weeds may be sprayed from the boat without beach-
ing. Larger or more distant patches may be sprayed by beaching
and unrolling up to 200 feet of 3/4-inch hose. An ordinary gun-type
garden hose nozzle similar to that shown in Figure 91 is adequate
where these large volumes of water are available. At 30 pounds of
pressure good coverage can be had 30 feet from the operator. For
longer distances, higher pressures and special guns would be desir-
able.

Five gallons of 2, 4-D at 4 quarts per acre sprays 5 acres, as much
as a man can handle in one day on large patches. The total weight of
the apparatus (pump, engine, hose, and reel) and chemical is approxi-
mately 150 pounds.

Two operational factors are important:
1. A centrifugal pump must be primed each time air is allowed
to enter the case,
2. Small orifices are susceptible to stoppage and should be ade-
quately screened against dirt.

Portable, Two-Tank Sprayer

A portable, two-tank sprayer was designed and built by Mr. Floyd

Oliver, Grant County Weed District No. 1, Quincy, Washington. It
consists essentially of a 1.5 to 2.0 horsepower, aircooled engine and
anda1-1/2-inch inlet, 1-inchoutlet centrifugal pump, with necessary fittings.

82



Spray Rig Gasket

A section of 1-1/4-inch outside diameter discarded spray hose makes
an excellent easket to prevent spillage around the filler opening of a
bean spray rig. This isa
practical method employed
on the Central Valley Project
California, as illustrated in
Figure 80. The gasket
solved the problem of weed
control oil slopping out
around the cap of the filler
opening and creating a mess
of the rig and the bed of the
pickup truck used in the spray-
ing of weeds.

Valves

Molasses valves permit
rapid dumping of herbi-
cide concentrates. Piggy-
back tanks, to the left and
right in Figure 81, have a
capacity of 50 gallons each.
They are mounted on top
of a 400-gallon main spray
rig tank.

A measuring well into
which the herbicides are
dumped contains a foot
valve in a funnel-like
bottom. Up to 3 gallons

of herbicide may be meas-
ured, by quarts, before

. dumping into the main spray
Fig. 81 rig tank.

Agitators

Where a paddle-type agitator is impractical to include in a weed
sprayer design, a screw or propeller type can be employed which
operates by direct coupling to the gasoline engine supplying power
for the spray pump. The propeller shown in the drawing, Figure
82, operates satisfactorily at speeds as high as 2, 600 revolutions
per minute on the Columbia Basin Project, Washington. Oil-water
emulsions are adequately agitated at speeds of 1, 600 revolutions
per minute in a 400-gallon tank.

The propeller shaft and engine crankshaft should be well alined.

Coupling may be accomplished through a short section of fabric
reinforced rubber hose clamped and pinned in place.

72


and with the control handle in opposite position, pressure on the
cylinder is relieved and the release of fluid from the cylinder
allows the boom and spray bar to lower, A regulatory valve in the
line can be provided so that fall of the boom and spray bar can be
controlled without any snap. Valve ''C" controls the pressure and
amount of spray that is delivered to the spray bar. Valve ''D" which
is not visible, regulates pressure to the control panel,

The "shop-built" highly adjustable and adaptable weed sprayer shown
in Figure 70 is so constructed that the entire unit is operated by the
truck driver. The spray boom is mounted upon the front bumper of
an all-wheel drive vehicle which permits the operator to observe the
spraying operations. The spray boom was designed and constructed
for use on the Deschutes Project, Bend, Oregon.

PE vs

Fig. 70

The 32-foot, five-section spray boom with reference to Figures 70
and 71 is supported by a steel frame (D), attached to the front
bumper. Uprights (E) support the pulleys for the ropes which

raise or lower the side sections of the boom. Guy ropes (F) from each
side of the cab hold the boom at right angles to the truck so that when
the side sections bump into a fence post, high bank, or other obstruc-
tion, the booms will swing backward without damage, and then return to
their former position. A steel rack (G) supports the spray boom when

64


75


Small Sprayers and Spraying Devices

Few sprayers of any size are single-purpose rigs. The nature
of their construction is such that they may be used to spray many
kinds of liquids which have a viscosity near that of water or fuel
oil, However, smaller sprayers have been constructed with a
single purpose in mind, because most parts are readily available
for their assembly.

The small sprayers described in this bulletin are types which
contain a power supply of some sort. Some are powered with
small gasoline engines, electric motors, or are made a part of
a larger piece of equipment such as a tractor which supplies
needed power. Other devices utilize gas or air pressure for a
source of power.

Many back-pack sprayers are available which are operated by
hand, the pressure being exerted by direct pumping or by air
pumps. Where drift is a highly important consideration, spray-
ing may be done at very low pressures, less than 1 pound per
square inch.

The nozzle is the one component of a special spraying device that
may not be readily available. Where the quantity of fluid applied

is small, or the distribution of the fluid critical, the proper orifice
or nozzle is the controlling factor. Nozzles and pressure regulators
were described by Wesley E. Yates, Assistant Professor of
Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Cali-
fornia, in the fall 1960 issue of the periodical ''Down to Earth. "

An ordinary gun-type nozzle can be used as an effective weed
spray-gun, where high volumes of liquid at low pressures are
required. Under these conditions, the coarse droplets produced
by the garden nozzle provide good wetting with a minimum of
drift. The spray pattern is not uniform, but can be adjusted to
cover a distance of 20 to 25 feet, in willows, cattails, or other
tall weeds.

Nozzles for a variety of needs are made by several companies for
agricultural and industrial use. A county agent may be able to
direct you to a source of supply.

Tractor-mounted Spray Unit

The tractor-mounted spray unit shown in Figures 83, 84, and 85,
was constructed in the shops of the Flathead Irrigation Project,
St. Ignatius, Montana.

This compact unit mounted on the small crawler tractor makes it
possible to gain access to areas whereatruck couldnottravel. More
detail of the spray unit and manner in which it is mounted can be seen in
Figure 84.

74



Field

co}
Storage (0) Battery
-—] Control Switch
[ 2 0 oo" ai

Grd. rd

Grd.

SEMI-SCHEMATIC WIRING DIAGRAM

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

JREVERSIBLE 6 STARTER MOTOR]

— Approve

STooKTON, oaLin- 10-788 | X-205-200

Fig. 79

71



Portable Sprayer

The small portable sprayer shown in Figure 95 weighs less than

60 pounds and has been used successfully for low-volume application

of weed control herbicides to test plots and small areas which are
inaccessible to more bulky equipment. The sprayer also has been

used for applying aromatic solvent to control submersed aquatic weeds
in small-sized irrigation ditches. The unit was designed and constructed
by Mr. S. T. Ancall, Agricultural Commissioner, Tehama County,

Red Bluff, California.

Fig. 95

Two sprayers are shown in Figure 96 to indicate how several
additional parts will make the machine a more serviceable unit.

A brief description of the numbered parts of the sprayer is as
follows:

(1) Feed line from tank to filter is 1/4-inch neoprene hose
(2) Standard gasoline line sediment bowl

(3) Gear pump

(4) Pressure relief valve.

85


67


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/

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v

4404S
“YOLOW 410A 9

“JOLOW dung ayosado of \
J2A97] JAPUN YOHIMS 490}U09
YJIM @A}OA Janaq pudH-’

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a1qo9 arljowojny

1'ON JOJONPUOD |&
rant

9
puo aso seaqqny ,

~-BulsnoH pud 408d YyIM
JOJOW J94JOLS H10A 9

ds ssosg-2/

saysnig 6
49DyUu0D soyoy Buly-Z

Fig. 87

78



Fig. 89
(3) Two outlet connections to (6) Compressor
1/4-inch feeder hose. Snap-
on-type connectors are used (7) Air-cooled gasoline engine
to facilitate rapid coupling of
the feed lines. (8) Air tank safety or relief
valve.

(4) Adjustable pressure regu-
lator (9) Air pressure gauge

(5) Line filter

Portable Sprayer for Reservoir Waterlines

Control of noxious weeds on the waterlines of reservoirs storing
water for irrigation is often delayed by lack of equipment suitable
for spraying. High volume sprayers of the land rig type are usually
too heavy for a boat, or are not suitable to travel the rough terrain
necessary to spray the waterline from the land side.

A compact lightweight unit developed on the Columbia Basin Project,
Washington, offers no weight problems in a 14-foot aluminum boat,
yet can supply ample volume of spray material for tall weeds.

The unit as shown in the diagram, Figure 90, consists of a three-

horsepower air-cooled gasoline engine coupled by a belt to a single
stage centrifugal pump (input 1-1/4 inches, output 1 inch).

80


(including the hand gun) valves (Q) are mounted in a manifold and
are connected by 3/8-inch hose lines to each boom section. A
1-inch hose (R) is the main supply line from the pump to the mani-
fold.

y\

vet
ms 2u2-0 Bien

\

Fig. 72

Just behind the cab, Figure 72, is a 200-gallon tank for the spray
solution (A), The 25-gallons-per-minute pump and air-cooled engine
are at lower right (B). The 2-inch-diameter suction hose (C), for
quickly refilling the spray tank with water from a ditch is fitted with
two valves, and the pump either fills the reservoir tank or discharges
herbicide into the spray-boom feed line. To the extreme left, with
spigot over the tail gate of the truck, is a 50-gallon drum of con-
centrated chemical.

The spray boom shown in Figure 73 was developed on the Tucumcari
Project, New Mexico. Designed primarily to patrol small laterals,
a cable adjustment tilts the spray bar for operation against either
the inner or outer bank slopes.

A lever adjustment raises or lowers the boom and it swings either
front or back against the truck in order to pass obstructions. This
sprayer is calibrated to deliver 100 gallons of spray per mile of
travel. While more than one man is shown in the photograph, the
equipment is being perfected for one-man operation.

A counter-weighted spray or burner boom, shown in Figures 74
and 75 has been constructed and put into use on the Ysleta Branch
of the Rio Grande Project, Texas-New Mexico. The boom was
constructed to replace older type manually-operated booms.

66


not in use. Swivel connections (H) for the side sections (I) permit
them to swing from the traveling to an operating position and to be
raised or lowered as required when spraying. Wing sections (J) are
hinged so they can be tipped up or down to conform to the contour of
the ground or slope of the ditchbank. The hand boom has a 150-foot-
long 3/8-inch oil-resistant hose line (K) which is wound on a reel

(L) and is supported by a 10-foot swivel mast (M), to keep hose clear
of the rig when spraying. A 50-mesh, line screen (N) in the main
supply hose traps foreign particles and prevents clogging of spray
nozzles. Pressure at the manifold is controlled with a by-pass return
hose to the reservoir tank which also serves as an agitator to main-
tain constant mixing of the spray solution,

The four ropes which raise and lower each section of the boom
are attached to short lengths of chains to allow quick adjustment
by means of metal clips (O) which hold the chain links firmly in
place. The clips are supported by a metal frame (P) mounted on the
cab, To control the spray solution to each section of the boom

65


The spray pump

kit was purchased
and the hook-up
modified with
material on hand

to fit the require-
ments of the instal-
lation onthe tractor.
The two 55-gallon
drums mounted
over the tractor
treads provide

an ample supply

of spraying mate-
rial without hav-
ing to stop too
frequently for
refilling.

The unit can be
used for the

Fig. 85 broadjet spraying

of a canal or

lateral, a borrow area or other similar area, as shown in Figure 83,
or it can be used in hand spraying as shown in Figure 85, One-man
operation of the tractor and conveniently located controls of the spray-
ing equipment simplifies the operation and reduces operational expense.

Weir Pool Weed Sprayer

Use of the weir pool weed sprayer, shown in Figure 86 on Deschutes
Project, Oregon, results in considerable savings in time, more weir
pools and isolated areas being sprayed, and the spraying operation
being much better than that usually performed with less efficient
3-gallon back-pack-type sprayers. The new device delivers the
spray material from the spray wand held in the operator's hand

in response to his pressing a button on the handle of the wand.

The unique feature of this unit is the elimination of a gas engine
for power. The pump and reel are both operated by two 6-volt
starter motors with remote controls on the boom handle which
gives the operator finger tip control when spraying 100 to 200 feet
from the machine.

The unit is built on a metal base which can be placed in any
1/2-ton pickup with room to spare. It has a tank capacity

76


REEL

M ) Pume

EXPLANATION
G — 6 Voit Generator in Truck

Bottery No.l and 2 recharged by Truck Generator
Battery No.3 recharged in Shdp

NOTES M— 6 Volt Automobile Starting Motors
S — 6 Volt Automobile Solenoid Switch
For ISOFt. Hose ~I2 Volts are required to operate R — Rotor Contact (2-Rings) for Transmission
solenoid switches (Batteries No.2 ond 3) through Reel and Sproy Control
For 75 Ft. or less — 6 Volts is sufficient to —— 300 Amp. Battery Conductor Cable.
operate solenoid switches and Battery No.3

‘No.I6 Automotive Conductor.
could be omitted

WIRING DIAGRAM

-Rotor Contact Plate

split
"a" Frame cross clomp »,
member

Reel

Bronze Seal

("Machine Fit
ql (X (4 Hollow Steel Shaft~ \ C0 thread

eld Recessed.

: Sa ae

i
mers Sn

c " ___ Compression Spring No.
“sMachined Bearing Face -“

6 Annealed Bronze Wire

Sif" 0.0. Bronze Shoft
with ° 1.0. hole

Weld lower part of
Glomp to Fram

HOLLOW BRONZE SHAFT DETAIL

Fig. 88

79