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1999-2000 Biennial Report

● US-Japan Bridging Foundation

● culcon

● JUSFC

Japan-United States Friendship Commission 1999-2000 Biennial Report

The Japan-United States Friendship Commission, an independent federal agency, supports 

training, education and information management to help prepare Americans to meet the challenges 

and opportunities in the US-Japan relationship of the 21st century. It works through providing 

grants to cooperating non-profit entities in the following areas:

—Japanese Studies in the United States

—Policy-Oriented Research

—Public Affairs/Education

—The Study of the United States in Japan

—The Arts

—Infrastructure Building

I am pleased to present the Commission’s Biennial Report for Fiscal Years 1999 and 2000.

This has been a period of great advancement for the Commission. The amendment to the 

A Message From 

The Chairman

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Commission’s enabling legislation enacted late in 1998 has led to a situation of stable finances for 

the Commission’s operations, after several years of uncertainty. An inspection of the Commission’s 

appropriated dollar fund at the end of FY 2000 shows a net gain in the value of the fund after 

almost five years of drawing on principal and reinvesting interest to help a number of the 

Commission’s most critical programs keep operating.

This period of financial stability has provided the Commission Board an opportunity for creative 

thinking about its programs and priorities. During it, the Commission organized several outside 

reviews and devoted considerable effort to internal discussion of its future direction.

Of greatest concern has been the general notion that the late 1990s has been a period of “Japan 

passing.” As American attention in foreign affairs has shifted to other parts of the world, and 

particularly to other areas of Asia, there has in fact been a decline in the sheer volume of attention 

paid to Japan and US-Japan relations. For its part, the Commission has witnessed a decline in the 

number of proposals it received for its grantmaking competitions in this period.

While many have decried this situation, the Commission has viewed it as an opportunity. The 

quantity of attention may have decreased, but the quality has improved immeasurably over this 

past decade, in the Commission’s view. A decade ago, it was a relatively easy matter for the Board to 

select the few strong proposals from among the many relatively naive or weak submissions. Now, 

proposals coming in are virtually all worthy of support. Finding a way to accommodate the broad 

range of high quality ventures the Commission now sees is far more difficult than in the past, even 

with its improved financial situation.

It is clear to the Commission that there has been a solid gain in the education of the American 

public on realities about Japan, and the Commission takes pride in having been one means for 

having achieved that goal. In light of this, the Board concluded at the end of its two-year review of 

programs and priorities to maintain them intact, while fine-tuning the exact scope of projects they 

would support.

This new stable financial base has also resulted in a period of high Commission activism. By this, I 

refer to the Commission’s interest in shaping the proposals it chooses to support, particularly under 

the rubric of “Infrastructure Building” as described in the narrative that follows. Here we find a set 

of highly focused programs to provide an administrative base for newly emerging areas of cultural 

and educational exchange. The Board has concluded that these programs best fit the Commission’s 

new financial structure and mission of improving understanding between Japan and the United 

States. The Commission stands apart in the community of US-Japan funding agencies in its 

willingness to provide direct support for the administrative costs of startup ventures in research, 

education and exchange.

I would also like to say a word about the Commission’s most recent field of activity: helping raise 

funds for the US-Japan Bridging Foundation. In 1993, the bilateral advisory panel CULCON set as 

its highest priority the goal of increasing the number of American undergraduates studying in 

Japan. While the Commission, in conjunction with its several counterpart funding organizations, 
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helped organize administrative structures that would facilitate such exchanges, it could not directly 

address the core issue: the high cost of a year of study in Japan. The Commission does not provide 

individual fellowships or scholarships.

Thus, in 1998 the Commission created the US-Japan Bridging Foundation, a private-sector nonprofit to raise funds for scholarships. It set as its goal a fund of $2M to help send a new wave of 

undergraduates to study in Japan. Ultimately, the Commission believes, this new generation of 

“Bridging Scholars” will help establish a track record on US campuses of study abroad programs in 

Japan for all students, regardless of their majors. Thus far, the Foundation, in cooperation with the 

Commission, has raised nearly $1M, or half its goal, for its scholarship program. It has also sent 

Bridging Scholars to Japan for the 1999-2000 and 2000-20001 academic years. We are very 

encouraged by these results and look forward to successful completion of this campaign.

In closing, I note this is the last report I will be making to you on behalf of the Commission. I would 

like to thank the many commissioners with whom I have worked so closely over my two terms as 

Chairman. Each in his or her capacity is admirably equipped to direct this Commission with finely 

honed professional skills and excellent powers of discretion and judgment. Above all, to a person, 

the commissioners share a dedication to improving US-Japan educational and cultural relations as 

a personal goal. I would also like to thank the Commission officers and staff for their outstanding 

job of managing the affairs of the Commission.

Richard J. Wood

Chairman

January, 2001

The Commission, 1999-2000

Chairman:

Dr. Richard J. Wood* **

President, United Board for Christian

Higher Education in Asia

Dean Emeritus, Yale Divinity School
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Mr. Burnill F. Clark** 

President & CEO, KCTS TV, Seattle

Mr. Lawrence J. Ellison**

Chairman & CEO, Oracle Corporation

The Honorable Joseph D. Duffey* ** 

Director, United States Information Agency 

(ending January 31, 1999)

The Honorable William E. Ferris, Jr. 

Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities

The Honorable A. Lee Fritschler** 

Assistant Secretary of Education for Post-Secondary Education, (from November 17, 1999)

Dr. Carol Gluck* ** 

George Sansom Professor of Japanese History

Columbia University

The Honorable William Ivey 

Chairman, National Endowment for the Arts

Mr. Jeffrey M. Lepon* ** 

Managing Partner 

Lepon McCarthy White & Holzworth, PLLC

The Honorable Evelyn S. Lieberman* ** 

Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, (from October 15, 1999)

The Honorable David Longanecker** 

Assistant Secretary of Education for Post-Secondary Education, (ending June 12, 1999)

The Honorable Stanley Roth** 

Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs

Mr. Thomas E. McLain** 

Partner, Sidley & Austin

The Honorable Frank H. Murkowski 

Vice-Chairman:

Mr. Glen S. Fukushima* ** 

President & CEO

Cadence Design Systems, Japan

Members:
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United States Senate

The Honorable Thomas Petri* 

United States House of Representatives

The Honorable John D. Rockefeller IV* 

United States Senate

Mr. George H. Takei** 

Actor/Writer

Mr. Ira Wolf** 

Office of Senator Max Baucus

The Honorable Robert Wise 

United States House of Representatives

Ms. Margaret P. Mihori 

Assistant Executive Director

Ms. Pamela L. Fields

Assistant Executive Director, CULCON

Ms. Roberta S. Stewart

Secretary

Staff: 

Dr. Eric J. Gangloff 

Executive Director

Head Office: 

1120 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 925 

Washington, DC 20005 

Tel. (202) 418-9800 

Fax. (202) 418-9802 

jusfc@jusfc.gov 

www.jusfc.gov

Japan Liaison Office: 

c/o Program Office 

International House of Japan, Inc. 

11-16, Roppongi 5-chome 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan 

Tel. (03) 3470-4611

*Members of the Executive Committee 

**Members of the US CULCON Panel
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The Japan-United States Friendship Commission (JUSFC) is pleased to submit this report on its 

twenty-third and twenty-fourth years of operations for the period October 1, 1998 to September 30, 

2000, which corresponds to the federal Fiscal Years 1999 and 2000.

The JUSFC is an independent federal agency, dedicated to providing opportunities for research, 

training, education and exchange between the United States and Japan. In passing the JapanUnited States Friendship Act (PL 94-118) in 1975 to establish the Commission, Congress 

acknowledged the unique character and great importance of the relationship between Japan and 

the United States, and in particular the need to strengthen its foundation through educational and 

cultural exchange programs at the people-to-people level. It was searching for the means to develop 

the knowledge, the leaders and the friendly associations which in turn would improve the 

likelihood that any problems that might arise on the national level could be resolved on a basis of 

mutual understanding and respect.

Thus the Congress established the Commission, a unique federal agency whose purpose is to 

promote friendship and understanding with a single foreign country. In the Friendship Act, it also 

appropriated the Japan-United States Friendship Trust Fund, an endowment denominated in both 

yen and dollars with a combined value of approximately $36M at the exchange rate then in effect. 

These two funds represented a portion of the money paid by Japan to compensate the United States 

for post-World War II assistance, and for certain public facilities on Okinawa at the time of the 

reversion of the Ryukyus. The former payment became the yen fund, and the latter the dollar fund. 

The Commission was authorized to invest the Fund in government obligations, and to expend the 

interest earnings, subject to annual appropriation, and up to five percent annually of the principal 

of the Fund to carry out the purposes of the Act. In 1982, the Act was amended to permit the 

Commission to invest any gifts it may receive and to spend the principal and interest earnings t 

without reference to the appropriations process. The Act was amended again in 1998 to make the 

dollar and yen funds interchangeable at the Commission’s discretion, allowing it to seek the highest 

return on its investments in government obligations in either or both of the two countries.

Although governmental, the Commission operates much like a private foundation. It is composed 

of a board of eighteen com-missioners and a permanent staff of four. The Board is divided equally 

between nine senior representatives of the United States government from the legislative and 

executive branches, and nine private citizens, including the chairman. Of these eighteen, twelve 

members, including the private citizens and the representatives from the Departments of State and 

Education, serve ex officio on the Commission by virtue of their appointment to CULCON, a 

binational advisory board to the two governments in educational and cultural affairs. The Board’s 

responsibility is to manage the Trust Fund, principally by investing it and using the proceeds to 

make grants to institutions in the United States and Japan to develop programs of educational and 

cultural exchange.

The JUSFC in 1999-2000

Background and Overview
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The JUSFC mission remains as valid now as when it was established. The relationship between 

Japan and the United States has no counterpart. In sheer size, in its variety and complexity, and in 

its mixture of cooperation and competition, friendship and rivalry, it stands alone.

The relationship stands on a fragile base. Obviously, as the history of the past fifty years 

demonstrates, the United States and Japan have much in common in terms of broad national 

objectives. In the short term, however, each nation has its own objectives and concerns. Moreover, 

the record of that relationship shows that differences in thought patterns, value systems, social and 

economic behavior, decision-making processes and means of communication can readily lead to 

mutual misunderstanding and friction. There is above all a language barrier that all too often forces 

each nation to react to the other through stereotypes. There is a severe imbalance in the amount of 

attention that the media in the two countries devote to each other. Finally, there is growing 

recognition that many of the problems that exist and persist in the relationship are not amenable to 

easy solutions occasioned by enhanced cultural understanding alone. We need greater knowledge 

of the character and causes of these problems, leading to mutual deliberation and wise policy. 

Clearly, we need new ways of thinking about management of the relationship. It is the 

Commission’s purpose to help make available the expertise and information necessary both for 

productive deliberation and effective policy.

The Commission today has a new sense of purpose and a more focused program of activity to meet 

the conditions both of its financial management and of the bilateral relationship. It asks that the 

projects it supports take cognizance of the contemporary relationship and each in its own way 

contribute back to the public good that Congress envisioned and sought to embody in PL 94-118.

The Commission pursues as its fundamental mandate the promotion of expertise on Japan 

throughout the American public. Its primary means of accomplishing this goal is through the 

maintenance of the vitality of Japanese studies in institutions of American higher education and 

associated professional organizations. Thus, as has been the case in previous years, Japanese 

studies in American education remains the largest single category of Commission support in this 

period.

To help support basic research in the field, the Commission continued its practice in both fiscal 

years of making block grants to the Social Science Research Council and the Northeast Asian 

Council of the Association for Asian Studies. These two organizations provide support from the 

Commission’s grants for individual research projects on the contemporary Japanese political 

economy and society, selected through peer review. In support of Japanese language library 

collections and information management, the Commission continued its support of the North 

American Coordinating Council for Japanese Library Resources. In support of advanced Japanese 

language training, the Commission continued to provide major support to the Interuniversity 

Center for Japanese Language Studies in Yokohama. In addition, it made a major grant to the 

Program Highlights

1. Japanese Studies in American Education
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Association of Teachers of Japanese (ATJ) in FY 2000 to begin a two-year assessment of the state 

of advanced Japanese language training available to American university students. Also, it provided 

support in FY 1999 for two years’ effort to build, under its infrastructure building initiative, the 

Alliance of Associations of Teachers of Japanese (AATJ). This new coordinating structure will help 

create a seamless transition of Japanese language study from the K-12 level into the university as its 

work progresses, as well as a unified Japanese language standard.

The close relationship between the Commission and CULCON has also led to a high degree of 

coordination between Commission support in Japanese studies and CULCON projects. In the two 

fiscal years under report, the most significant expressions of this close coordination were the 

Commission’s continued support of administration of the Bridging Project Clearinghouse inside the 

ATJ, continued support of the faculty and curriculum development project first at the AAC&U and 

later at the University of Pennsylvania, and in particular, support for the US-Japan Bridging 

Foundation, which serves to raise funds to help send more US undergraduates to study in Japan, a 

longstanding CULCON priority.

This category, perhaps more than any other in the period under report, demonstrates the 

Commission’s new sense of activism in shaping programs to its own interest and specifications. 

During this period the Commission continued its longstanding support of a program of exchanges 

between members of the American Studies Association of the United States and of the Japanese 

Association of American Studies, as well as between members of the Organization of American 

Historians and their colleagues in Japan. Satisfied with the results of these two projects, the 

Commission approached the American Political Science Association to begin a similar project in FY 

2000 of short-term exchanges and residencies in the two countries. Again, in FY 2000 it initiated 

discussions with the Economic History Association to begin a similar program in the future. 

Through this approach, the Commission aims to achieve two goals: first, to expand opportunities 

for Japanese academics and graduate students to interact with colleagues from the United States 

and develop networks for future research and exchange; and second, to help further the process of 

the internationalization of American studies in the United States.

Since the mid-1980s, the Commission has made a concerted effort to take an active stance vis-à-vis 

the US-Japan relationship and the serious policy challenges facing both countries in learning to 

manage that relationship more effectively. It has done this by placing emphasis on support of policy 

research projects. The Commission places high priority on projects that deal with US-Japan 

economic, political and security policies.

In sponsoring policy research projects the Commission intends that the results of these research 

efforts be pertinent to policymakers concerned with Japan in the Congress, the executive branch, 

various think tanks, academe and the media. It also bases consideration of support of proposals on 

the degree to which the project directors can assure the Commission of a solid dissemination plan 

2. The Study of the United States in Japanese Education

3. Policy-Oriented Research
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to take the results of the research to those most concerned with policies that guide US management 

of the bilateral relationship.

Of particular interest in FY 1999 were projects to convene a trilateral US-Japan-China dialog on 

weapons proliferation control, and research projects on Japan’s domestic competition policies and 

on the structural rigidities in Japan’s domestic economy. In FY 2000, of particular interest was a 

project in the politics of Japan’s telecommunications deregulation. In both fiscal years, the 

Commission continued its support of a program to train young academics and journalists in Japan 

in policy dialog through a fellowship program at the Research Institute for Peace and Security in 

Tokyo.

In this category, the Commission endeavors to meet the growing demand for information on Japan 

throughout the United States. It emphasizes projects that disseminate information on major issues 

and potential areas of cooperation between the two countries. These projects fall under two subheadings: Counterpart Exchanges and Media.

In the area of counterpart exchanges, the Commission continued to give highest priority to 

legislative exchange programs between the United States and Japan. In FY 1999 and FY 2000, 

these included the US-Japan Economic Agenda Legislative Exchange Program at George 

Washington University for meetings between Japanese Diet members and the members of the US 

Congress, and the United States Association of Former Members of Congress for the Congressional 

Japanese Study Group. For exchanges in the US Senate, the Commission continued its support of 

the work of the Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs, most recently in FY 2000. In addition, through 

the Congressional Economic Leadership Institute, the Commission continued its program of 

support for week-long study tours of Japan by senior congressional staff. The Commission will 

continue to place priority on support for legislative exchanges for the foreseeable future.

Of particular interest in the Commission’s support of programs in the media was the application of 

its infrastructure building initiative to the emerging field of multimedia. In FY 1999 the 

Commission made its last administrative grant to the Japan Connection, a multimedia production 

center housed at KCTS TV of Seattle that produces a wide variety of informative programming for 

multimedia outlets. In FY 2000, it made its first grant to the Japan Connection in direct support of 

a documentary production project, to help launch a three-part series on the story of the JapaneseAmerican experience in the United States for broadcast on high definition TV.

Again, under the infrastructure building initiative, and as a result of the most recent CULCON 

initiative, the Commission made a grant in FY 1999 to San Diego State University for technical 

assistance in building a new bilingual website to document US-Japan cultural and educational 

exchange and mutual influence in the postwar era. This will be previewed at the CULCON XX 

plenary session in Los Angeles in May, 2001.

Perhaps of greatest significance in this category was the termination of the Commission’s longstanding program of support for the startup costs of new Japan America societies in the United 

4. Public Affairs/Education
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States. Begun with gifts from the Japanese government in the 1980s, the Commission expended the 

last of these special gift funds in FY 1999. Beginning with only a few societies in the major cities on 

the two coasts, the Commission views the current network of over 35 societies spread across the 

United States as one of its great success stories. These societies, and its parent organization, the 

National Association of Japan-America Societies, play a major role in the education of the 

American public on contemporary Japanese society and culture and in the management of the 

relationship at regional and local levels. In the future the Commission will consider support only 

for public affairs programs that can be shared among the societies nationwide.

The Commission continues to support projects in the arts of the highest merit, in the firm belief 

that they can help foster better understanding between the two countries at a time when they face 

increasing strain over trade deficits and other current issues. It recognizes that it must take an 

increasingly selective approach to funding in this field, given pressure in other program areas. Thus 

beginning in FY 1999, the Commission set as its priority in the arts support for projects to send 

American exhibitions and performing arts to Japan.

In both fiscal years the Commission continued to work closely with the National Endowment for 

the Arts and the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs in sponsoring the US-Japan Creative Artists 

Exchange Fellowship Program. The annual competition for the five fellowships draws hundreds of 

applications from established artists in a wide range of disciplines from throughout the United 

States. The recipients spend six months in Japan, immersed in Japanese culture and its 

manifestations in their particular fields and training in the arts. In addition, the Commission 

continued to provide support to the International House of Japan to hire an expert to facilitate the 

program on site. In FY 2000, the Commission upgraded the program by adding a fund for resident 

Fellows to use for collaborative projects while they are in Japan.

Once again, building on the synergy developed between CULCON and the Commission, the latter 

provided a grant to the Japanese American National Museum of Los Angeles in FY 2000 to 

showcase the work of selected participants of the Creative Artists Exchange Fellowship Program. 

The Museum will be the site of the CULCON XX plenary session in May, 2001. On this occasion, 

the Commission will not only display the talents of the American artists who have enriched their art 

through the experience of a residency in Japan, but also hold a public discussion on the effect that 

international exchange has on artistic creativity.

CULCON (the US-Japan Conference on Cultural and Educational Interchange), a binational 

advisory panel to the governments of the United States and of Japan, serves to focus official and 

public attention in both countries on the vital cultural and educational underpinnings of the 

bilateral relationship. Its origins lie in discussion held in 1961 between President John F. Kennedy 

5. The Arts

6. CULCON
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and Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda.

Beginning in 1978, CULCON became a program of the United States Information Agency, reverting 

to Department of State oversight with the consolidation of foreign affairs agencies in 1999. In 1991, 

permanent secretariats were established in Tokyo and Washington to provide continuity to 

CULCON activities. The US Secretariat was established inside the JUSFC. Since 1991, US CULCON 

has become a highly visible, proactive organization, emphasizing the implementation of CULCON 

recommendations, frequently with the Commission’s professional and financial support.

In the 1990s, CULCON activity focused on two primary working groups: undergraduate educational 

exchange and information access. There also was considerable activity in media cooperation. 

Breaking with precedent, CULCON held its nineteenth plenary session outside Tokyo and 

Washington, in Naha, Okinawa in February, 1999. CULCON XIX provided the opportunity to 

review activities to date and to recommend a new joint initiative in digital archiving. Since then, the 

work of the Digital Culture Working Group has been the highest priority of CULCON, helping it 

harness the power of the Internet to its mission of improving educational and cultural relations 

between the two countries.

Support for this Working Group has been provided by the Commission in the form of a grant to San 

Diego State University to help build this archive, the Digital Cultural Resource, an innovative 

teaching resource on US-Japan cultural and educational relations over the past fifty years. This and 

several other important CULCON initiatives have provided the impetus for much of the 

Commission’s new activism in shaping the projects that it supports. The record of this new 

cooperation between the two entities is found in the narrative of the Commission’s grantmaking 

activities in 1999 and 2000 in Sections 1-5 above.

NOTE: In the listings below, in many cases Commission support met only partial costs of the total 

project.

Grants Awarded in Fiscal Year 1999

October 1, 1998 – September 30, 1999

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

A. JAPANESE STUDIES 

IN AMERICAN 

EDUCATION

Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development
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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Association of American 

Colleges & Universities 

(AAC&U) – for support of a 

faculty and curriculum 

development seminar on Japan

70,725

The University of Pennsylvania

– for continued support of a 

faculty and curriculum 

development seminar on Japan 

in FY 2000

71,875

Language

Alliance of Associations of 

Teachers of Japanese –for 

infrastructure support for 

the Alliance for a two-year 

period

148,750

Stanford University, for the 

Interuniversity Center for 

Japanese Language Studies 

in Yokohama – for advanced 

Japanese language training 

for American graduate 

students

40,000,000

Libraries

International House of 

Japan – for provision of 

information on the Internet 

regarding International 

House’s library resources

5,500,000
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6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Grants Awarded

National Coordinating Committee 

on Japanese Library Resources –

for support of continuation and 

expansion of activities for FY 1999 

and support of the National 

Program for Coordinated Japanese 

Library Acquisitions of MultiVolume Sets, and for a planning 

meeting of Japanese librarians to 

set an agenda for the coming decade

91,444 10,000,000

Professional Development

Association of Teachers of 

Japanese – for scholarship and 

administrative support of Bridging 

Project Clearinghouse for Study 

Abroad in Japan

85,935

Research

Association for Asian Studies, Inc.

– for the various programs of the 

Northeast Asia Council of the 

Association to promote the teaching 

and study of Japan in the United 

States for FY 1999 and FY 2000

124,832 7,200,000

Social Science Research Council – 

for fellowship and administrative 

support for advanced research on 

Japan by American scholars

80,575 6,000,000

Other

Pacific Basin Institute – for support 

of the project “Japan And America: 

The Near and Far Future”

6,000

TOTAL FOR JAPANESE 

STUDIES IN AMERICAN 

EDUCATION

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

$680,136 ¥68,700,000 
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1.

2.

3.

4.

Grants Awarded

B. THE STUDY OF THE 

UNITED STATES IN 

JAPANESE EDUCATION

Research 

Centers

Doshisha University, Center 

for American Studies –for 

support of the activities of the 

Center

2,330,000

Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development

American Studies Association

– for support of Years Two and 

Three of the project “JapanUnited States Dialogues Across 

the Pacific: Globalization and 

American Studies”

8,000 2,100,000

Organization of American 

Historians –for support of 

Years Three and Four of the 

project “Short-term Residencies 

in Japan for US Historians” and 

for development of a 

collaborative network of 

scholarly exchanges among 

historians in Japan and the US

20,594 3,891,312

Other

New York Foundation for the 

Arts – for support of the project 

“Conversation Continued”

22,680

TOTAL FOR THE STUDY OF 

THE UNITED STATES IN 

JAPANESE EDUCATION 

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese 

Yen Grants

$51,274 ¥8,321,312
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1.

2.

3.

4

5.

C. POLICYORIENTED 

RESEARCH

The Brookings Institution

– for support of the 

project “Japan’s Structural 

Rigidities”

50,000

Economic Strategy 

Institute – for support of 

the projects “A WTO 

Competition Policy 

Agreement and USJapanese Trade Relations” 

and “Japan and the United 

States Reconsidered: The 

Evolution of Japanese 

Security and Economic 

Strategy Since 1960′′

101,323

Edwin O. Reischauer 

Center for East Asian 

Studies – for support of 

the project “Bridging the 

Antitrust Divide in USJapan Relations”

10,005

Japan Information Access 

Project – for support of 

the projects “Pentagon 

Study Group on Japan & 

Northeast Asia” and 

“American Scholarship on 

Japan: A Program for 

Public Policy 

Dissemination”

144,475

The Mansfield Center for 

Pacific Affairs – for 

support of the project “The 

Rule of Law and Its 

Acceptance in Asia”

43,900
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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6.

7.

8.

9.

Grants Awarded

Pacific Forum CSIS – for 

support of Year One of the 

project “United States, 

Japan and China: 

Developing Stable 

Trilateral Ties”

20,350

Research Institute for 

Peace and Security – for 

support of Year Two of the 

project “Strategic Studies 

Fellowship Program”

1,660,000

University of Colorado, 

Boulder – for support of 

the project “Patent 

Systems, Licensing 

Agreements, and Joint 

Ventures in the Context of 

US-Japan Competition 

Policy”

25,662

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

University of Georgia Research 

Foundation, Inc. – for support 

of the project “Efforts to Control 

Weapons Proliferation: Japan, 

the People’s Republic of China 

and the United States.”

40,250

TOTAL FOR POLICYORIENTED RESEARCH

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

D. PUBLIC AFFAIRS/

EDUCATION

Outreach Programs 

$435,965 ¥1,660,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Japan-America Society of 

New Mexico – for 

administrative support for 

the third and final year

30,000

Japan Society of San 

Diego – for administrative 

support for the third and 

final year

30,000

National Association of 

Japan-America Societies –

for support of the 

teleconference project 

“2020 Vision: A Digital 

Road Map for Policies and 

Priorities in the US-Japan 

Relationship for the 21st

Century” and for support of 

the NAJAS 20th

anniversary conference

77,319

Counterpart 

Exchanges

Congressional Economic 

Leadership Institute – for 

support of the project 

“1999 US-Japan 

Educational Exchange 

Program”

41,900 4,180,000

The George Washington 

University – for support of 

the project “GWU USJapan Economic Agenda 

Legislative Exchange 

Program for 1999′′

110,539 1,950,000

International House of 

Japan –for services for 

American educational, 

cultural and professional 

institutions for FY 1999 

and FY 2000

17,000,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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7.

8.

Grants Awarded

9.

10.

11.

12.

Japan Center for 

International Exchange, 

Inc. – for support of the 

project “US-Japan 

Legislative Policy Dialogue 

Project on Common 

Challenges of Governance 

and Their Implications on 

Enhancing the Cooperative 

US-Japan Relationship”

30,000

US Association of Former 

Members of Congress – for 

support of the project 

“Congressional Study 

Group on Japan” and other 

congressional exchange 

programs

35,616

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Media and 

Dissemination

Japan Information Access 

Project – for support of the 

project “American 

Scholarship on Japan: A 

Dissemination Plan”

50,000

Japan Policy Research 

Institute – for support of 

the documentary “Cold 

War Island: The Battle for 

Okinawa”

15,000

KCTS Television – for 

support of Year Three of 

the project “Japan 

Connection: A Multi-media 

Production Center”

75,000

Pacific Basin Institute – 

for support of the project 

“Bridge to the Rising Sun”

27,275
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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13.

Grants Awarded

1.

San Diego State University

– for support of the

project “Digital Culture 

Resource”

125,209

TOTAL FOR PUBLIC 

AFFAIRS/EDUCATION

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

E. THE ARTS

Exchange Fellowships for 

Creative Artists –Jointly 

sponsored program funded 

by the JUSFC and the

US National Endowment 

for the Arts. The funds 

devoted to this program 

include $75,000 received 

from the National 

Endowment for the Arts. 

Grant funds for the artists 

in FY 1999 are 

administered in Japan for 

the Commission by the 

International House of 

Japan, Inc. Yen funds are 

provided for the ensuing 

program year.

Artists sponsored under 

the exchange fellowships:

John Farrell

Jeanne Larsen

Juliet Kono Lee

Robert Martin

Kim Teru Yasuda

23,445 21,040,000

$647,858 ¥23,130,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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2.

3.

4.

Japanese Studies in American 

Education

The Study of the United States 

in Japanese Education

Policy-Oriented Research

American 

Performances and 

Exhibitions in 

Japan

Studio Malaparte – for 

support of a collaborative 

workshop with film 

director Rob Nilsson

1,000,000

Yokohama Museum of Art

– for support of a 

retrospective of the works 

of Frederick Wiseman

2,000,000

Japanese 

Performances and 

Exhibitions in the 

United States

Smithsonian Institution, 

National Museum of 

Natural History – for 

support of publication of 

the educational catalog 

accompanying the exhibit 

“Ainu–Spirit of a Northern 

People”

50,000

TOTAL FOR THE ARTS

Commission Program Totals

$ 680,136 ¥ 68,700,000

51,274 8,321,312

435,965 1,660,000

$73,445 ¥24,040,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Public Affairs/Education

The Arts

Undergraduate Educational 

Exchange Oversight

Information Access Working 

Group

Digital Culture Working 

Group

CULCON XIX Plenary 

Session

Personnel

General Services Administration for 

Payroll, Accounting and Other 

Services

Office Space

Travel

Communications

Printing, Supplies, Publications

Equipment

647,858 23,130,000

73,445 24,040,000

TOTAL FOR COMMISSION 

PROGRAMS

CULCON Activities 

Committee

$ 2,270

3,760

11,680

42,450

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ACTIVITIES 

Administrative Expenses of the Commission in FY 1999

$328,905

34,483

36,174

10,368

7,757

12,941

4,411

$1,888,678 ¥125,851,312

(Funded by Transfer from US Information Agency)

$60,160
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Other

Travel

Communications

Consultant fee

Personnel

Communications

Supplies

Other

Net Interest (Earned Basis)

Refunds on Grants

28,219

TOTAL FOR COMMISSION 

ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS

Fundraising Expenses of the Commission in FY 1999

2,720

1,178

47,865

TOTAL FOR COMMISSION 

FUNDRAISING COSTS

Administrative Expenses of CULCON in FY 1999

$91,711

200

200

200

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS

Appropriated Dollar Fund Income and Expense Statement 

INCOME

$2,795,950

79,039

$463,258

$51,763

$92,311

Fiscal Year 1999

(10-1-98 through 9-30-99)
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Received from US Airforce

Received from the 

National Endowment for 

the Arts

Received from the US 

Information Agency for 

CULCON support

TOTAL INCOME

Commission Grants

Commission 

Administration

Fundraising Expenses

CULCON Activities

CULCON Administration

TOTAL EXPENSE

GAIN OR (LOSS)

Original Appropriation, 1-1-76

Fund Balance, 9-30-98

Income or (loss)

68,000

75,000

152,471

EXPENSES

$1,888,678

463,258

51,763

60,160

92,311

Appropriated Dollar Fund Balance

$18,000,000

15,537,275

614,290

$3,170,460

$2,556,170

$614,290

Fiscal Year 1999

(10-1-98 through 9-30-99)
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Transfer from Yen Account

BALANCE, 9-30-99

Balance, 9-30-98

Grants

Administrative Expenses

Refunds on Grants

BALANCE, 9-30-99

Balance, 9-30-98

Cash/Par

Contributions

Grants

Administrative Expenses

Interest

BALANCE, 9-30-99

27,588,192

Gift Fund (non-appropriated)

$3

0

2,622

10,139

Bridging Project Gift Fund (non-appropriated)

$112,614

1,230

70,000

185,000

125

2,487

$43,739,757

Fiscal Year 1999

(10-1-98 through 9-30-99)

$7,520

Fiscal Year 1999

(10-1-98 through 9-30-99)

$1,206
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Cash

Interest

Refunds on Grants

TOTAL INCOME

Grants

Administration

Fees

TOTAL EXPENSE

GAIN OR (LOSS)

Original Appropriation 

Received, 11-1-76

Balance Received, 10-22-79

Fund Balance, 9-30-98

Income or (loss)

Funds Transferred to Dollar 

Account

BALANCE, 9-30-99

Appropriated Yen Fund Income and Expense Statement

INCOME

131,946,163

20,000

966,039

EXPENSES

¥125,851,312

6,156,905

3,314,463

Appropriated Yen Fund Balance 

¥3,615,429,455

325,683,316

3,295,868,834

Fiscal Year 1999

(10-1-98 through 9-30-99)

¥132,932,202

¥135,322,680

(¥2,390,478)

(¥2,390,478)

3,293,478,356

¥0
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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NOTE: In the listings below, in many cases Commission support met only partial costs of the total 

project.

Grants Awarded in Fiscal Year 2000

October 1, 1999 – September 30, 2000

1.

2.

3.

4.

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

A. JAPANESE STUDIES 

IN AMERICAN 

EDUCATION

Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development

University of Pennsylvania – 

for continued support of the 

project “The 2000 Faculty and 

Curriculum Development 

Seminar on Japan”

98,125

Language

Association of Teachers of 

Japanese – for support of the 

project “Assessment of 

Advanced Japanese Training”

84,053

Stanford University, for the 

Interuniversity Center for 

Japanese Language Studies in 

Yokohama – for advanced 

Japanese language training for 

American graduate students

40,000,000

Libraries

Association of Research 

Libraries – for support of the 

project “Improving Access to 

Japanese Serials and 

Newspapers”

21,400
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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6.

7.

8.

9.

5.

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Professional 

Studies

Association of Teachers of 

Japanese – for scholarship and 

administrative support of Bridging 

Project Clearinghouse for Study 

Abroad in Japan

80,945

Columbia University, The Donald 

Keene Center of Japanese Culture – 

for support of the project “The 

Japan-US Friendship Commission 

Prize for the Translation of 

Japanese Literature”

19,157

Research

Princeton University – for support 

of the project “National Identity 

and Public Policy in Comparative 

Perspective”

8,652

Social Science Research Council –

for fellowship and administrative 

support for advanced research on 

Japan by American scholars

82,500 6,000,000

TOTAL FOR JAPANESE STUDIES 

IN AMERICAN EDUCATION

North American Coordinating 

Council on Japanese Library 

Resources – for continuation 

and expansion of activities, 

and support of the National 

Program for Coordinated 

Japanese Library Acquisitions 

of Multi-Volume Sets and 

External User Services for FY 

2000

68,750 10,000,000

$463,582 ¥56,000,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Grants Awarded

1.

2.

Grants Awarded

1.

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese 

Yen Grants

B. THE STUDY OF 

THE UNITED 

STATES IN 

JAPANESE 

EDUCATION

Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development

American Political Science 

Association – for support 

of the workshop entitled 

“Women and Politics in 

Comparative Perspective”

37,918

SFC Institute, Keio 

University – for support 

of the seminar entitled 

“The Analysis of the Loci 

of ‘America’ in Japan 

Today”

27,600

TOTAL FOR THE STUDY OF 

THE UNITED STATES IN 

JAPANESE EDUCATION

US Dollar Grants Japanese Yen 

Grants

C. POLICY-ORIENTED 

RESEARCH

Harvard University

– for support of the 

project “Civil Society 

in the Asia-Pacific”

50,000

$65,518 ¥0
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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2.

3.

4.

Grants Awarded

1.

The Nautilus 

Institute – for 

support of the 

project “Policy 

Assessment of East 

Asia Theater Missile 

Defense and US 

National Policy”

38,020

Purdue University – 

for support of the 

project “The Politics 

of 

Telecommunication 

Regulation”

78,360

Research Institute 

for Peace and 

Security – for 

support of the third 

and final year of the 

project “Strategic 

Studies Fellowship 

Program”

865,000

TOTAL FOR POLICYORIENTED RESEARCH 

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese 

Yen Grants

D. PUBLIC AFFAIRS/

EDUCATION

Outreach 

Programs

Capital Children’s Museum – 

for support of the project 

“Japan: Through the Eyes of a 

Child”

5,000

$166,380 ¥865,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Edwin O. 

Reischauer Center 

for East Asian 

Studies – for 

support of the 

project “Okinawa 

and its 

Relationship with 

the United States: 

The G7 Summit 

Meeting and 

Beyond”

5,000

Global Film 

Network – for 

support of a 

project to screen 

the documentary 

“After America...

After Japan”

10,000

Japan-America Society of 

Washington, DC – for support 

of the project “21st Annual 

National Association of JapanAmerica Societies Conference”

28,693

National Association of JapanAmerica Societies – for support 

of updating “On The Record” 

data, and the project “2020 

Vision: A Digital Road Map for 

Policies and Priorities in the 

US-Japan Relationship in the 

21st Century”

59,761

New York Foundation for the 

Arts – for support of Year Two 

of the project “Conversation 

Continued”

49,680

Counterpart 

Exchanges
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

The George Washington 

University –for support of the 

project “GWU US-Japan 

Economic Agenda 2000 

Legislative Exchange Program”

116,647 1,950,000

The Mansfield Center for 

Pacific Affairs – for support of 

the project “The Mansfield 

Study Group on Asia”

50,000

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese 

Yen Grants

US Association of Former 

Members of Congress – for 

support of the project 

“Congressional Study Group on 

Japan”

31,000

Media/Dissemination

Catticus Corporation – for 

support of the documentary 

“Sumo East and West”

25,000

KCTS Television – for support 

of the documentary “The 

Japanese-American Saga”

100,000

TOTAL FOR PUBLIC 

AFFAIRS/EDUCATION

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen Grants

E. THE ARTS

$480,781 ¥1,950,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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1. Exchange Fellowships 

for Creative Artists – 

Jointly sponsored 

program funded by 

the JUSFC and the US 

National Endowment 

for the Arts. The funds 

devoted to this 

program include 

$75,000 received 

from the National 

Endowment for the 

Arts. Grant funds for 

the artists in FY 2000 

are administered in 

Japan for the 

Commission by the 

International House 

of Japan, Inc. Yen 

funds are provided for 

the ensuing program 

year. Yen funds for FY 

2000 include funds 

for collaborative 

projects carried out in 

Japan by the Creative 

Artist fellows.

Artists sponsored 

under the exchange 

fellowships:

Barbara Allen

Gene Coleman

Maureen Fleming

David Mazzacchelli

William Pope. L

$24,719 19,080,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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2.

3.

4.

5.

American 

Performances and 

Exhibitions in Japan

The Museum of 

Contemporary Art, 

Los Angeles– for 

support of the project 

“Public Offerings: The 

Avant-Garde and the 

Art School in the 90s”

30,000

New York City Ballet

– for support of the 

project “New York 

City Ballet’s Tour to 

Japan”

40,000

Ontological-Hysteric 

Theater – for support 

of the project 

“Ontological-Hysteric 

Theater Japan Tour 

2000′′

45,000

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen Grants

Other

CEC International 

Partners, Inc. – for 

support of the screening 

process to review the FY 

2001 applications to the 

US/Japan Creative 

Artists Fellowship 

Program

2,540
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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6.

7.

Japanese Studies in American 

Education

The Study of the United States 

in Japanese Education

Policy-Oriented Research

Public Affairs/Education

The Arts

Japanese American 

National Museum – for 

support of the project 

“Celebrating the JapanUS Friendship 

Commission Creative 

Artists Fellowship 

Program”

86,100

San Diego State 

University Foundation – 

for support of the project 

“The Establishment of a 

Student Exchange 

Program Between 

SDSU’s Furniture Design 

Program and TakumiJyuku, a Woodworking 

School in Gifu, Japan”

15,060

TOTAL FOR THE ARTS

Commission Program Totals

$463,582 ¥56,000,000

65,518 0

166,380 865,000

480,781 1,950,000

243,419 19,080,000

TOTAL FOR COMMISSION 

PROGRAMS

CULCON Activities 

$243,419 ¥19,080,000

As of September 30, 2000

$1,419,680 ¥77,895,000

(Funded by Transfer from US Department of State)
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Information Access Working 

Group

Digital Culture Working 

Group

Personnel

General Services 

Administration for Payroll, 

Accounting and Other 

Services

Office Space

Travel

Communications

Printing, Supplies, 

Publications

Equipment

Other

Travel

Communications

Consultant fee

800

11,725

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ACTIVITIES

Administrative Expenses of the Commission in FY 2000

340,121

40,755

46,278

59,483

8,816

5,619

76

50,015

TOTAL FOR 

COMMISSION 

ADMINISTRATIVE 

COSTS

Fundraising Expenses of the Commission in FY 2000

10,600

100

14,000

$12,525

As of September 30, 2000

$551,163
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Personnel

Communications

Supplies

Other

Net Interest (Earned Basis)

Refunds on Grants

Received from the US 

National Endowment for 

the Arts

Received from US 

Department of State

TOTAL INCOME

Commission Dollar Grants

TOTAL FOR 

COMMISSION 

FUNDRAISING COSTS

Administrative Expenses of CULCON in FY 2000

96,943

190

180

225

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS

Appropriated Dollar Fund Income and Expense Statement 

INCOME

$2,746,320

106,519

75,000

110,063

EXPENSES

1,419,680

$24,700

$97,538

Fiscal Year 2000

(10-1-99 through 9-30-00)

3,037,902
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Dollar Equivalent of Yen 

Grants

Commission 

Administration

Fundraising Activities

CULCON Activities

CULCON Administration

TOTAL EXPENSE

GAIN OR (LOSS)

Original Appropriation, 1-1-76

Fund Balance, 9-30-99

Income or (loss)

BALANCE, 9-30-00

Balance, 9-30-99

Grants

742,759

551,163

24,700

12,525

97,538

Appropriated Dollar Fund Balance

$18,000,000

43,739,757

189,537

Gift Fund (non-appropriated)

$ 7,520

15,000

2,848,365

189,537

Fiscal Year 2000

(10-1-99 through 9-30-00)

$43,929,294

Fiscal Year 2000

(10-1-99 through 9-30-00)
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1999-2000 Biennial Report

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Administrative Expenses

Contributions

Refunds on Grants

BALANCE, 9-30-00

Balance, 9-30-99

Cash/Par

Grants

Administrative 

Expenses

Interest

BALANCE, 9-30-00

10,965

24,058

0

Bridging Project Gift Fund (non-appropriated)

$1,2060

0

0

1,274

75

$ 5,613

Fiscal Year 2000

(10-1-99 through 9-30-00)

$7