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VIRGINIA

2020 ANNUAL REPORT
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Table of Contents

Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................................3

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence.............................................................3

Executive Summary ..............................................................................................................................4

Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................7

Program Structure................................................................................................................................. 7

Program Administration.....................................................................................................................7

Program Methodology .....................................................................................................................12

Project Implementation .......................................................................................................................22

Funds Programmed.........................................................................................................................22

General Listing of Projects ..............................................................................................................24

Safety Performance ............................................................................................................................32

General Highway Safety Trends......................................................................................................32

Safety Performance Targets............................................................................................................37

Applicability of Special Rules...........................................................................................................40

Evaluation ...........................................................................................................................................42

Program Effectiveness ....................................................................................................................42

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements .......................................................43

Project Effectiveness.......................................................................................................................47

Compliance Assessment.....................................................................................................................49

Optional Attachments..........................................................................................................................53

Glossary ..............................................................................................................................................54
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Disclaimer 

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence

23 U.S.C. 148(h)(4) states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or 

data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section[HSIP], shall not be subject to discovery or 

admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action 

for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or other data.

23 U.S.C. 148(h)(4) states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or 

data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section[HSIP], shall not be subject to discovery or 

admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action 

for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or other data.23 U.S.C. 409 states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, 

surveys, schedules, lists, or data compiled or collected for the purpose of identifying, evaluating, or planning 

the safety enhancement of potential accident sites, hazardous roadway conditions, or railway-highway 

crossings, pursuant to sections 130, 144, and 148 of this title or for the purpose of developing any highway 

safety construction improvement project which may be implemented utilizing Federal-aid highway funds shall 

not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for 

other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location mentioned or addressed in 

such reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data.”
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Executive Summary 

The Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 annual report submitted to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) describes 

the Virginia Department of Transportation’s (VDOT) strategic use of Fixing America’s Surface Transportation 

(FAST) Act funding of the Commonwealth's Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) for the period July 

2019 to June 2020.

The FAST Act continued the HSIP as a core program under Sections 148 and 130 of US Code Title 23. Under 

Section 154, the Surface Transportation Program and the National Highway Performance Program funds are 

transferred to be used for HSIP eligible proposals because Virginia does not have all the required components 

in its Open Container legislation. As a result, VDOT's HSIP is composed of the following sub-programs which 

use the above mentioned federal funding sources (23 USC Sections):

A) Highway Safety Projects (HSP): Section 148

B) Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety Projects (BPSP): Section 148

C) Penalty Transfer-Open Container (OC) Projects: Section 154

D) High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR): Section 148

A link to the HSIP guidelines, safety proposal submission documentation, and resource information is provided 

on-line at: http://www.virginiadot.org/business/ted_app_pro.asp

Note: Under ACTION: 23 U.S.C. 148(g) (1) FY2020 HRRR Special Rules. Over the most recent two-year 

period, Virginia was identified as having experienced an increase in its fatality rate on rural roads. Therefore, 

the Commonwealth obligated $4,459,774 a specific amount of funds toward HRRR safety projects.

The Commonwealth of Virginia is committed to developing and maintaining a safe, multimodal transportation 

system. The spending targets for each VDOT district office are based on the level of FHWA funding in future 

years.

In June 2019, the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) adopted Safety Performance Targets for CY 

2020 and found the anticipated safety outcomes associated with the Safety Performance Targets to be 

unacceptable, and further directed the Office of Intermodal Planning and Investment (OIPI), working 

collaboratively with VDOT and Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), to analyze and develop a plan resulting in 

a net reduction in fatal and serious injury crashes. A key finding from this data-driven analysis demonstrated 

that systemic and hybrid corridor safety projects provide greater potential crash reduction benefits for lower 

cost than traditional spot improvement projects, and this finding was presented to the CTB during multiple 

workshop meetings. In September 2019, the CTB approved an amendment to FY 2020-2025 Six-Year 

Improvement Program (SYIP) to begin deployment of systemic safety improvements included in an initial 

Systemic Improvement Plan. This initial Systemic Improvement Plan identified $136.7 million in potential 

funding through FY 2025 in order to implement eight systemic countermeasure initiatives at VDOT-maintained 

roadways. The systemic countermeasure initiatives are as follows:

• High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

• Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

• Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections 

• Centerline Rumble Strip 

• Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes 

• Curve Delineation 

• Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections 

• Safety Edge 
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The systemic countermeasure implementation projects in this initial Systemic Improvement Plan is estimated 

to save 61 lives and 1,174 injuries per year statewide once implemented. This initial Systemic Improvement 

Plan also:

• Establishes goals and schedules for deploying the eight systemic countermeasures across VDOT’s 

network.

• Includes a risk-based assessment of eight systemic countermeasures to include the locations, 

appropriate improvements, cost estimates, and schedules on all public roads.

• Aligns with emphasis areas in Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP).

• Will be updated periodically to advance additional systemic improvements. 

The initial Systemic Improvement Plan is currently ongoing with potential project locations identified and 

implementation of systemic initiatives underway in many locations. Additional information on the initial HSIP 

Systemic Implementation Plan is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/sep/pres/9.pdf. 

Furthermore, in December 2019, the CTB approved the Highway Safety Improvement Program Project 

Prioritization Policy where it states the following:

• VDOT shall develop the next phase of the Implementation Plan for the deployment of systemic and 

hybrid safety countermeasures across the roadway network, including VDOT and locally-maintained 

facilities. Note: VDOT is currently in development of this next phase of the Safety Improvement Project 

Plan. 

• After HSIP funds are set aside for program administration (approximately 5 to 10 percent), the 

remaining funds shall be programmed to projects with a goal of approximately 80 percent of funds 

allocated to systemic and hybrid safety improvements over the Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). 

• In order to accelerate deployment of systemic and hybrid safety improvements, the CTB will not 

approve new spot improvement projects until FY 2026-2031 SYIP unless certain conditions are met.

The full CTB approval of the HSIP Project Prioritization Policy is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/dec/reso/10.pdf. 

VDOT’s HSIP program processes have been developed in consultation with FHWA and in accordance with the 

FAST Act guidelines, final ruling (policy), and funding provided. Important to note, adding a new HSIP project 

to Virginia's Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP) and Statewide Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP) 

will only be considered if the subject HSIP project was developed in accordance with Virginia's HSIP Project 

Prioritization Policy.

Virginia's Strategic Highway Safety Plan

In 2016, VDOT completed a multi-agency and disciplinary update of the Commonwealth's Strategic Highway 

Safety Plan (SHSP). In 2017, FHWA's Virginia Division approved Virginia's 2017-2021 SHSP. VDOT continues 

to coordinate with its safety partners and implement the SHSP engineering strategies to drive investment 

decisions to improve safety and reduce deaths and injuries for this reporting period.

Many safety partners are working towards reducing the number and severity of vehicle crashes on the 

Commonwealth's highways. Virginia's HSIP is structured to focus on infrastructure safety emphasis areas that 

may be improved with low cost minimal environmental impact (no right of way) engineering countermeasures, 

namely:

A) Intersection geometry and traffic control

B) Roadway and roadside improvements

C) Bicycle and pedestrian risk reductions
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Data-driven Decision-making on Transportation Safety

VDOT emphasizes data-driven decision-making to improve transportation safety and safety data. One way that 

VDOT has employed the use of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is through statewide evaluation of systemic 

improvement projects. This evaluation involves a simple before-and-after evaluation of all eligible systemic 

projects funded through the HSIP program. Also, this effort involved preparations for future systemic 

evaluations, including collection of project-level data and modification of the HSIP project application forms.

Also, in order to make data-driven decisions regarding the use of public funding for safety improvements, 

VDOT developed state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and prioritized a list of locations with the 

largest Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI). The use of SPFs and PSI for network screening and project 

prioritization are well documented throughout the HSM.

VDOT developed a comprehensive set of state-specific SPFs covering 98 percent of its state-maintained 

roadway locations. The impetus for VDOT developing their own SPFs and analytical tools arose from the 

decision that AASHTOWare Safety AnalystTM did not meet their needs. VDOT developed state-specific SPFs 

using historical crash, traffic, and roadway inventory data. SPF developers worked closely with engineers 

throughout the development process to evaluate whether each SPF was implementable for all types of 

improvements (spot, corridor, and systemic). To date, VDOT has developed 24 SPFs covering the majority of 

roadway facilities, including two-lane roads, intersections, and freeways/multi-lane highways.

VDOT incorporates the comparisons of actual- to predicted-crash frequencies in its network screening, and 

then identifies the top 100 intersections and top 100 miles of segments with the largest PSI annually. This list is 

sent to the district engineers, and each district engineer can determine which site(s) to prioritize based on their

practical experience and knowledge of the area.

VDOT has noted several benefits of the data-driven Virginia’s SPF and PSI implementation effort, including:

• Prioritization of systemic countermeasure implementation locations at a District-level

• Use public funding in a cost-effective manner 

• Measure quantifiable benefits for both systemic and spot improvements 

• Better manage public concern 

• Compare locations to prioritize projects 

The state-specific SPFs and PSIs are incorporated beyond the HSIP and are being used as tools to develop 

project prioritization in VTran’s Long-Range Transportation Plan (VTrans2040) and Statewide Project 

Prioritization (SMARTSCALE). VTrans2040, completed in January 2018, is a major milestone in a 

performance-based planning framework. It established a direct link between planning (VTrans) and funding 

(SMARTSCALE). SMARTSCALE is a statewide program that distributes funding based on transparent and 

objective evaluation of projects to effectively support the Commonwealth achieve its transportation goals. In 

the SMARTSCALE application process, data-driven safety analysis is one of the weighting factors in the 

selection process, and a project with high PSI is more likely to receive a higher score for Safety than that of 

lower PSI. 

The SPF development team conducts training (including an annual “roadshow” to all nine districts) and hosts 

webinars to ensure district engineers understand the methodology and how to use the SPFs. VDOT has not 

mandated the use of SPFs and PSIs by the districts because the process of introducing a new methodology 

takes time. However, the district engineers are aware that it is the preferred method for network screening.
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Introduction

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose of achieving 

a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 

924.15, States are required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP implementation 

and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent with the HSIP Reporting Guidance dated 

December 29, 2016 and consists of five sections: program structure, progress in implementing highway safety 

improvement projects, progress in achieving safety outcomes and performance targets, effectiveness of the 

improvements and compliance assessment.

Program Structure

Program Administration

Describe the general structure of the HSIP in the State. 

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose of achieving 

a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 

924.15, states are required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP implementation 

and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent with the HSIP Reporting Guidance dated 

December 29, 2016 and consists of five sections: program structure, progress in implementing highway safety 

improvement projects, progress in achieving safety outcomes and performance targets, effectiveness of the 

improvements and compliance assessment.

The primary objective of the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is to identify and improve locations 

where there is a high concentration, or risk, of vehicle crashes that result in deaths or injuries. HSIP staff 

conduct network screening for the engineering emphasis areas in Virginia's Strategic Highway Safety Plan 

(SHSP). After conducting network screening, HSIP staff fulfill transportation safety planning requirements by 

producing listings of the largest Potential for Safety Improvement (PSI) on VDOT maintained intersections and 

segments. The lists are distributed to District staff, and each District Engineer determines which site(s) to 

prioritize based on their practical experience and knowledge of the area. Safety proposals are not limited to the 

locations that are identified by VDOT staff. Detailed crash analysis and site evaluation is typically conducted 

through a documented engineering study or Road Safety Assessment (RSA).

VDOT also uses the systemic approach methodology which provides a consistent framework for addressing 

risk using the HSIP process by identifying system-wide roadway safety concerns and strategies to address 

these concerns. Applying a systemic approach to addressing safety is beneficial to proactively address 

widespread safety issues and cost-effectively minimize crash potential. Rather than focus on specific crash 

locations, a systemic approach targets consistent crash trends and common risk factors in crashes throughout 

the roadway network.

In June 2019, the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) adopted Safety Performance Targets for CY 

2020 and found the anticipated safety outcomes associated with the Safety Performance Targets to be 

unacceptable, and further directed the Office of Intermodal Planning and Investment (OIPI), working 

collaboratively with VDOT and Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), to analyze and develop a plan resulting in 

a net reduction in fatal and serious injury crashes. A key finding from this data-driven analysis demonstrated 

that systemic and hybrid corridor safety projects provide greater potential crash reduction benefits for lower 

cost than traditional spot improvement projects, and this finding was presented to the CTB during multiple 

workshop meetings. In September 2019, the CTB approved an amendment to FY 2020-2025 Six-Year 

Improvement Program (SYIP) to begin deployment of systemic safety improvements included in an initial 

Systemic Improvement Plan. This initial Systemic Improvement Plan identified $136.7 million in potential 
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funding through FY 2025 in order to implement eight systemic countermeasure initiatives at VDOT-maintained 

roadways. The systemic countermeasure initiatives are as follows:

• High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

• Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

• Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections 

• Centerline Rumble Strip 

• Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes 

• Curve Delineation 

• Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections 

• Safety Edge 

The systemic countermeasure implementation projects in this initial Systemic Improvement Plan is estimated 

to save 61 lives and 1,174 injuries per year statewide once implemented. This initial Systemic Improvement 

Plan also:

• Establishes goals and schedules for deploying the eight systemic countermeasures across VDOT’s 

network.

• Includes a risk-based assessment of eight systemic countermeasures to include the locations, 

appropriate improvements, cost estimates, and schedules on all public roads.

• Aligns with emphasis areas in Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP).

• Will be updated periodically to advance additional systemic improvements. 

The initial Systemic Improvement Plan is currently ongoing with potential project locations identified and 

implementation of systemic initiatives underway in many locations. Additional information on the initial HSIP 

Systemic Implementation Plan is provided on-line at: http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/sep/pres/9.pdf 

. 

Furthermore, in December 2019, the CTB approved the Highway Safety Improvement Program Project 

Prioritization Policy where it states the following:

• VDOT shall develop the next phase of the Implementation Plan for the deployment of systemic and 

hybrid safety countermeasures across the roadway network, including VDOT and locally-maintained 

facilities. Note: VDOT is currently in development of this next phase of the Safety Improvement Project 

Plan. 

• After HSIP funds are set aside for program administration (approximately 5 to 10 percent), the 

remaining funds shall be programmed to projects with a goal of approximately 80 percent of funds 

allocated to systemic and hybrid safety improvements over the Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). 

• In order to accelerate deployment of systemic and hybrid safety improvements, the CTB will not 

approve new spot improvement projects until FY 2026-2031 SYIP unless certain conditions are met.

The full CTB approval of the HSIP Project Prioritization Policy is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/dec/reso/10.pdf .

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing the process and conducting network screening, scoring, 

and selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluation of 

the selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis. Once the 

final HSIP projects are prioritized and selected by Central Office, the selected HSIP projects are included in 

Virginia’s Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP), which is then presented to the Commonwealth 

Transportation Board (CTB) for approval. Once the HSIP projects are approved, programmed, and have 

received allocated funds, the HSIP staff monitor the projects from scoping through construction to the final 

voucher. The project monitoring process consists of tracking changes that occur to the following functions: 
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advertisement dates, funding authorization dates, engineer’s estimates, and expenditures. Cost, schedule, and 

scope are monitored and measured to ensure that the HSIP projects are being delivered on time and on 

budget. HSIP project schedules and cost both directly affect the Federal Strategy and VDOT’s ability to meet 

their Obligation Authority for the HSIP Program.

Where is HSIP staff located within the State DOT? 

 Engineering

The Virginia Department of Transportation HSIP staff is located in the Central Office of the Highway 

Department Agency as part of the Traffic Engineering Division (TED). TED is one of the core responsibilities of 

the Operation and Maintenance discipline of the department.

How are HSIP funds allocated in a State? 

• Central Office via Statewide Competitive Application Process

• Formula via Districts/Regions

HSIP funding target amounts based on the combination of each District’s proportion of Equivalent Property 

Damage Only values and rates. The Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) method allows crash severities 

to be weighted to give more weight to serious crashes. EPDO weights are determined by FHWA’s estimated 

costs to society of the various crash severity levels. The highway safety funding target formula for each VDOT 

District based on the EPDO method is the following:

% Funds Per District = .5*(% of Statewide EPDO Crashes + % of Statewide EPDO Crash Rate)

Describe how local and tribal roads are addressed as part of HSIP. 

Local roads account for approximately 40 percent of all crashes and 20 percent of all fatal and serious injury 

crashes on Virginia’s highways. Therefore, local safety projects are targeted to receive up to 20 percent of 

Virginia’s HSIP funds for implementation and completion of their safety projects. VDOT has been providing the 

state-match to these safety projects for the past several years.

The safety proposals for local and tribal roads are required to follow the same HSIP Implementation Guidelines 

as the safety proposals for VDOT roads. The HSIP Systemic Implementation Plan that was implemented in FY 

2020 states that the HSIP funds are to be allocated based on risk-based locations of systemic safety 

improvements in VDOT’s initial Systemic Implementation Plan. Also, the initial Systemic Implementation Plan 

lays out the funding process for local projects as described below:

• Approximately 80 percent of available HSIP funds shall be allocated to systemic safety improvements 

over the six-year improvement program.

• HSIP funds for systemic improvements shall be available for local roads only in FY 2024 – FY 2025.

o $20 million of $136.7 million proposed to be set aside for local systemic projects in FY 2024 and 

FY 2025.

o Beginning FY 2023, localities may submit applications for funding for systemic countermeasure 

projects and initiatives.

o VDOT shall establish the process for screening, scoring, and selection of HSIP projects.

o CTB shall review and approve HSIP projects for final approval. 
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VDOT assists the localities and tribal agencies by publishing Virginia’s crash data from VDOT’s Power BI crash 

analysis tool. VDOT Power BI crash analysis tool pulls the crash data from those crashes reported to the 

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)’s crash data source as DMV owns and maintains the main 

source of the crash data. This crash analysis tool allows the localities and tribal agencies to perform their own 

safety analysis, project prioritization, and project selection for submission to VDOT for funding consideration.

The University of Virginia’s Center for Transportation Studies (CTS), Virginia Transportation Research Council 

(VTRC), and VDOT administers the Safety Circuit Rider (SCR) program, an important component of the 

Virginia Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP). LTAP provides technical workshops, seminars, and short 

courses in the various transportation related topics for local government staff. The SCR’s goal is to improve 

safety on the 11,000 miles of streets and roadways maintained by cities, towns, and local agencies in the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. The SCR provides four key services:

• Virtual/In-classroom transportation safety training 

• One-on-one technical assistance and site visits 

• Grant and proposal development support for state and federal aid 

• Annual low-cost safety initiative 

Identify which internal partners (e.g., State departments of transportation (DOTs) 

Bureaus, Divisions) are involved with HSIP planning. 

• Design

• Districts/Regions

• Local Aid Programs Office/Division

• Operations

• Planning

• Traffic Engineering/Safety

Describe coordination with internal partners. 

Central Office Traffic Engineering HSIP staff communicates with District staff regarding HSIP activities, such as 

sharing information on requirements, emphasis areas, prioritization, funding, and safety data. Particularly in FY 

2020, VDOT Central Office Traffic Engineering HSIP staff have been in frequent coordination with District staff 

to develop an inventory of existing, planned, and potential for implementation locations of the initial eight 

systemic countermeasure initiatives for each District. The inventories of the systemic countermeasure 

initiatives were then mapped in ArcGIS, and the ArcGIS maps were distributed back to the Districts for their 

use in tracking and recording the overall project implementation progress.

VDOT emphasizes the importance of a data-driven decision-making approach to improve safety in the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. In order to make a data-driven decision on the use of public funding for safety 

improvements, VDOT developed state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and prioritized list of 

intersections and segments with the largest Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI). The SPF and PSI 

analysis are shared across the Districts and localities. Along with other safety data and analysis, the SPF and 

PSI analysis are encouraged to be used for project consideration and selection.

VDOT also uses its Strategically Targeted Affordable Roadway Solutions (STARS) Program managed by the 

Transportation Mobility and Planning Division to address congestion and safety concerns throughout the 

Commonwealth. STARS projects typically result in multiple recommended improvements that may be eligible 

for funding and implementation under maintenance budgets, applications in the SMART SCALE process, 

applications for the HSIP, State of Good Repair budgets, and/or applications for revenue sharing.

The HSIP projects are programmed through Virginia's Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). HSIP projects in 
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SYIP are programmed with the appropriate Fiscal Year (FY) allocations for a specific phase to be delivered, 

and HSIP projects in the SYIP are tracked internally across appropriate divisions during their relevant phase of 

the project.

Identify which external partners are involved with HSIP planning. 

• FHWA

• Local Government Agency 

• Other-District/Design/Pe and Planning Staff

• Other-Virginia Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP)

University of Virginia Transportation Training Academy serves as the FHWA-designated LTAP Center for the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. LTAP is designed to support FHWA’s Every Day Counts initiative, coordinate 

training partnerships among local, state, federal transportation agencies, and the private sector, and provide 

technical support to find solutions to local transportation problems.

Describe coordination with external partners. 

VDOT Districts are responsible for communicating with localities for any HSIP related projects, and each 

district office has its own local liaison. All external local partners must coordinate with their Local Liaison for the 

development and submission of the safety proposal. In addition, VDOT’s Local Technical Assistance Program 

(LTAP) provides technical workshops, seminars, and short courses in the various transportation related topics 

for local government staff.

VDOT participates in the Local Programs Workshop with local government representatives every year. The 

focus of this workshop is to communicate with external stakeholders on various HSIP information and tools, 

such as reviewing the information on funding eligibility, process of applying for appropriate safety funding, 

application and project selection process, and available safety data and resources.

VDOT emphasizes the importance of a data-driven decision-making approach to improve safety in the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. In order to make data-driven decisions on the use of public funding for safety 

improvements, VDOT developed a state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and a prioritized list of 

intersections and segments with the largest Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI). The SPF and PSI 

analyses are shared across the Districts and localities. Along with other safety data and analysis, the SPF and 

PSI analyses can be used for project consideration and selection. The localities also have full access to crash 

data from VDOT’s Power BI crash analysis tool. VDOT Power BI crash analysis tool pulls the crash data from 

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)’s crash data source as DMV owns and maintains the main 

source of the crash data.

VDOT coordinates with local government partners, such as Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and 

Planning District Commissions (PDCs), through meetings and webinars to set an obtainable target that 

coincides with VDOT's Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) goals.

Virginia’s Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) oversees transportation projects and initiatives for the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. VDOT has the responsibility for construction, maintenance, and operation of 

Virginia’s roadways under the overall guidance of the CTB. VDOT Central Office HSIP staff coordinates with 

CTB staff for prioritization of HSIP projects and through final HSIP project selection.
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Describe other aspects of HSIP Administration on which the State would like to 

elaborate. 

According to the 2017 VDOT Pedestrian Crash Assessment: Analysis of Pedestrian Crashes Occurring 

Between 2012-2016, pedestrian fatalities in Virginia have increased by 19 percent since 2012. In response to 

the continuing increase in pedestrian fatality rates, the VDOT Traffic Engineering Division completed an 

inaugural statewide Pedestrian Safety Action Plan (PSAP) in early 2018. This report documents the process 

VDOT followed to complete the PSAP and considers ways to improve pedestrian safety and ultimately reduce 

pedestrian fatalities throughout the Commonwealth.

VDOT worked with a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders to identify and address pedestrian safety concerns 

through a data driven approach. This approach included identifying and addressing locations with a history of 

pedestrian safety crashes along with proactively addressing pedestrian crash risk through the identification of 

priority corridors. This report complements other pedestrian safety efforts in the Commonwealth, including the 

Virginia 2017–2021 Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), VDOT HSIP, SMART SCALE, Transportation 

Alternatives Program, and Safe Routes to School program. Local, regional, and state agencies should review 

this report to identify and implement potential countermeasures, update design policies, and supplement other 

State pedestrian safety initiatives.

Program Methodology

Does the State have an HSIP manual or similar that clearly describes HSIP planning, 

implementation and evaluation processes? 

Yes

VDOT is currently in process of updating the VDOT HSIP Implementation Manual.

Select the programs that are administered under the HSIP. 

• Bicycle Safety

• HRRR

• Intersection

• Pedestrian Safety

• Roadway Departure

Program: Bicycle Safety

Date of Program Methodology:12/1/2019

What is the justification for this program? 

• Addresses SHSP priority or emphasis area

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Competes with all projects

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• All crashes

• Other-Risk Reduction

• Traffic

• Volume

• Functional classification

• Roadside features
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What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Crash frequency

• Other-Available facilities

• Other-Systemic initiative analysis

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Other-competitive systemic initiative

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Other-Systemic initiative analysis:100

Total Relative Weight:100

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing process and conducting network screening, scoring, and 

selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluating the 

selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis.

Program: HRRR

Date of Program Methodology:8/22/2018

What is the justification for this program? 

• FHWA focused approach to safety

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Funding set-aside

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only

• Traffic

• Volume • Functional classification
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What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Equivalent property damage only (EPDO Crash frequency)

• Excess expected crash frequency using SPFs

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Other-B/C Ranking:40

Other-Project in PSI or District SHSP Listing:25

Other-High Number of Targeted Crashes:10

Other-Cost Estimate and Project Schedule:10

Other-Other:15

Total Relative Weight:100

Program: Intersection

Date of Program Methodology:12/1/2019

What is the justification for this program? 

• Addresses SHSP priority or emphasis area

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Competes with all projects

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• All crashes

• Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only

• Traffic

• Volume
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What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Crash frequency

• Crash rate

• Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment

• Other-Systemic initiative analysis

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Other-competitive systemic initiative

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Other-Systemic initiative analysis:100

Total Relative Weight:100

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing process and conducting network screening, scoring, and 

selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluating the 

selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis.

Program: Pedestrian Safety

Date of Program Methodology:12/1/2019

What is the justification for this program? 

• Addresses SHSP priority or emphasis area

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Competes with all projects

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• All crashes

• Other-Risk Reduction

• Traffic

• Volume

• Population

• Median width

• Functional classification

• Roadside features
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What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Crash frequency

• Other-Community Support and Missing sidewalk 

• Other-Systemic initiative analysis

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Other-competitive systemic initiative

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Other-Systemic initiative analysis:100

Total Relative Weight:100

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing process and conducting network screening, scoring, and 

selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluating the 

selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis.

Program: Roadway Departure

Date of Program Methodology:12/1/2019

What is the justification for this program? 

• Addresses SHSP priority or emphasis area

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Competes with all projects

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• All crashes

• Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only

• Traffic

• Volume

• Median width

• Horizontal curvature

• Functional classification

• Roadside features
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Crash frequency

• Crash rate

• Excess expected crash frequency using SPFs

• Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment

• Other-Systemic initiative analysis

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Other-competitive systemic initiative

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Other-Systemic initiative analysis:100

Total Relative Weight:100

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing process and conducting network screening, scoring, and 

selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluating the 

selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis.

What percentage of HSIP funds address systemic improvements? 

 80

 HSIP funds are used to address which of the following systemic 

improvements? 

• Horizontal curve signs

• Install/Improve Pavement Marking and/or Delineation

• Install/Improve Signing

• Other-Install Flashing Yellow Arrow Traffic Signals

• Other-Install High-Visibility Signal Backplates

• Other-Install Pedestrian Crossing Improvements

• Rumble Strips

• Safety Edge

• Traffic Control Device Rehabilitation

• Wrong way driving treatments
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Rumble strips consist of centerline rumble strips and edgeline rumble strips

What process is used to identify potential countermeasures? 

• Crash data analysis

• Data-driven safety analysis tools (HSM, CMF Clearinghouse, SafetyAnalyst, usRAP)

• Engineering Study

• Road Safety Assessment

• SHSP/Local road safety plan

• Other-PSI Listing Network Screening

Does the State HSIP consider connected vehicles and ITS technologies? 

Yes

Describe how the State HSIP considers connected vehicles and ITS technologies. 

In the Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), VDOT considers Connected Vehicle/Autonomous 

Vehicles as a special area of focus. The SHSP provides a strategy in providing future technology regarding this 

specific topic: Ensure that future connected and autonomous vehicle technology deployments maximize 

potential safety benefits for all users by supporting necessary planning and research activities.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies are part of HSIP projects as there can be cost-effective 

ITS projects that improve safety.

Examples of ITS technologies applicable for HSIP:

• Real-time Adaptive Signal Controllers, 

• Advance Transportation Controllers 

• Signal Optimization 

• Dynamic Message Sign (DMS), Overhead Message Boards, and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)

• Fiber Optic Lines and Connection. 

• Incident Management: Signs and Camera 

• Real-time Performance Measuring Software: iPeMS (Iteris Performance Measurement System)

Does the State use the Highway Safety Manual to support HSIP efforts? 

Yes

Please describe how the State uses the HSM to support HSIP efforts. 

VDOT emphasizes data-driven decision-making to improve transportation safety and safety data. One way that 

VDOT has employed the use of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is through a statewide evaluation of 

systemic improvement projects. This evaluation involved a simple before-and-after evaluation of all eligible 

systemic projects funded through the HSIP program. Also, this effort involved preparations for future systemic 

evaluations, including collection of project-level data and modification of the HSIP project application forms.

In order to make data-driven decisions on the use of public funding for safety improvements, VDOT developed 

state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and prioritized list of locations with the largest Potential for 

Safety Improvements (PSI). The use of SPFs and PSI for network screening and project prioritization are well 

documented throughout the HSM.

VDOT developed a comprehensive set of state-specific SPFs, covering 98 percent of its state-maintained 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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roadway locations. The impetus for VDOT developing their own SPFs and analytical tools arose from the 

decision that AASHTOWare Safety AnalystTM did not meet their needs. VDOT developed state-specific SPFs 

using historical crash, traffic, and roadway inventory data. SPF developers worked closely with engineers 

throughout the development process to evaluate whether each SPF was implementable for all types of 

improvements (spot, corridor, and systemic). To date, VDOT has developed 24 SPFs covering the majority of 

roadway facilities, including two-lane roads, intersections, and freeways/multi-lane highways. For each 

facility/location type, VDOT developed two separate SPFs: one for total crashes and the other for fatal + injury 

crashes. Actual crash frequency for any specific location can be compared to the SPF for locations of that type 

to see if, for the level of traffic volume, the location has more than the predicted number of crashes.

VDOT incorporates the comparisons of actual- to predicted-crash frequencies in its network screening and 

provides district engineers with a list of the top 100 intersections and top 100 miles of roadway segments 

drawn from the locations that are above the SPF. VDOT uses the most recent three years of crash data to 

calculate the PSI. The PSI is the expected number of crashes for the site minus the predicted number of 

crashes based on the SPF for that facility type. As with SPFs, VDOT calculates the PSI for total crashes and 

fatal + injury crashes. A site with a positive PSI warrants examination and those with the highest PSI values 

should be considered high priority. With this PSI list, each district engineer can determine which site(s) to 

prioritize based on their practical experience and knowledge of the area.

VDOT has noted several benefits of the data-driven SPF and PSI implementation effort, including:

• Prioritization of systemic countermeasure implementation locations at a District-level

• Using public funding in a cost-effective manner 

• Measuring quantifiable benefits for both systemic and spot improvements 

• Managing public concern 

• Comparing locations to prioritize projects 

The SPF development team conducts training (including an annual “roadshow” to all nine districts) and hosts 

webinars to ensure district engineers understand the methodology and how to use the SPFs. VDOT has not 

mandated the use of SPFs and PSIs by the districts because the process of introducing a new methodology 

takes time. However, the district engineers are aware that it is the preferred methodology for network 

screening.

Describe program methodology practices that have changed since the last reporting 

period. 

In September 2019, the CTB approved an amendment to FY 2020-2025 Six-Year Improvement Program 

(SYIP) to begin deployment of systemic safety improvements included in an initial Systemic Improvement Plan. 

This initial Systemic Improvement Plan identified $136.7 million in potential funding through FY 2025 in order to 

implement eight systemic countermeasure initiatives at VDOT-maintained roadways. The systemic 

countermeasure initiatives are as follows:

• High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

• Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

• Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections 

• Centerline Rumble Strip 

• Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes 

• Curve Delineation 

• Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections 

• Safety Edge 

This initial Systemic Improvement Plan also:
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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• Establishes goals and schedules for deploying the eight systemic countermeasures across VDOT’s 

network.

• Includes a risk-based assessment of eight systemic countermeasures to include the locations, 

appropriate improvements, cost estimates, and schedules on all public roads.

• Aligns with emphasis areas in Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP).

• Will be updated periodically to advance additional systemic improvements. 

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing the process and conducting network screening, scoring, 

and selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. Data-driven analysis was conducted to identify potential 

locations where the systemic countermeasures could be installed. For example, selecting and prioritizing 

signalized intersection locations for pedestrian accommodations improvements based on high-priority 

pedestrian corridor information from the Pedestrian Safety Action Plan (PSAP). VDOT Districts are responsible 

for further evaluation of the selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and 

additional project evaluation.

Describe other aspects of the HSIP methodology on which the State would like to 

elaborate.

VDOT Traffic Engineering Central Office administers the HSIP and provides the VDOT District Offices with 

Targeted Safety Needs (TSN) intersections and segments based in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) 

network screening methodology. TSN locations indicate intersections or segments that have a positive 

Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI) value in three or more years of the five-year period, indicating 

recurring safety issues. VDOT districts use this information with local knowledge to initiate further engineering 

studies of the locations and scope projects to be submitted for inclusion in its Six-Year Improvement Program 

(SYIP).

Depending on the scale and complexity of the projects, VDOT district offices conduct Roadway Safety 

Assessments (RSA) as determined by the VDOT District Traffic Engineer. To assist the District Traffic

Engineer with conducting these RSAs, VDOT's Highway Safety Program developed Virginia specific guidelines 

for performing these assessments.

The Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) method allows crash severities to be weighted to give more 

weight to serious crashes. EPDO weights are determined by FHWA’s estimated costs to society of the various 

crash severity levels. For the purpose of the funding formula, only injury crashes are included in the EPDO 

formula calculation. The highway safety funding target formula for each VDOT District based on the EPDO 

method is the following:

% Funds Per District = .5*(% of Statewide EPDO Crashes + % of Statewide EPDO Crash Rate)

Rural areas tend to have higher severe crash rates while urban areas tend to have more total crashes and, 

therefore, a greater proportion of overall crashes. By including equal credit for the proportion of total EPDO 

crashes and crash rate in the formula, this method balances the distinct challenges of urban and rural districts.

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing the process and conducting network screening, scoring, 

and selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluation of 

the selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis. Once the 

final HSIP projects are prioritized and selected by Central Office, the selected HSIP projects are included in 

Virginia’s Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP), which is then presented to the Commonwealth 

Transportation Board (CTB) for approval. Once the HSIP projects are approved, programmed, and have 

received allocated funds, the HSIP staff monitor the projects from scoping through construction to the final 

voucher. The project monitoring process consists of tracking changes that occur to the following functions: 

advertisement dates, funding authorization dates, engineer’s estimates, and expenditures. Cost, schedule, and 

scope are monitored and measured to ensure that the HSIP projects are being delivered on time and on 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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budget. HSIP project schedules and cost both directly affect the Federal Strategy and VDOT’s ability to meet 

their Obligation Authority for the HSIP Program.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Project Implementation

Funds Programmed

Reporting period for HSIP funding. 

State Fiscal Year

Virginia's State Fiscal Year is from July 1 through June 30 of the following year.

Enter the programmed and obligated funding for each applicable funding category. 

FUNDING CATEGORY PROGRAMMED OBLIGATED % 

OBLIGATED/PROGRAMMED

HSIP (23 U.S.C. 148) $53,122,000 $34,829,324 65.56%

HRRR Special Rule (23 

U.S.C. 148(g)(1))

$4,459,774 $4,459,774 100%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

154)

$11,741,000 $11,741,000 100%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

164)

$0 $0 0%

RHCP (for HSIP 

purposes) (23 U.S.C. 

130(e)(2))

$0 $0 0%

Other Federal-aid Funds 

(i.e. STBG, NHPP)

$0 $0 0%

State and Local Funds $0 $0 0%

Totals $69,322,774 $51,030,098 73.61%

How much funding is programmed to local (non-state owned and operated) or tribal 

safety projects?

$6,000,000

How much funding is obligated to local or tribal safety projects? 

$6,548,516

How much funding is programmed to non-infrastructure safety projects? 

$5,500,000

How much funding is obligated to non-infrastructure safety projects?

$5,537,557

VDOT considers the following type of projects as non-infrastructure safety project:

• Road Safety Audit (RSA): VDOT uses RSA to reduce the number of fatal and severe injury crashes by 

proactively identifying potential safety issues and providing recommended improvements
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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• Support for HSIP Program and Planning: Projects that support HSIP program implementation and 

planning activities. Activities includes development of RSA guidance, consultant task for HSIP planning 

and support for identification of safety countermeasures, and prioritization of safety improvements. 

• Support for HSIP Crash and Data Analysis: Projects to support HSIP crash analysis and crash data 

improvement

• Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) Development and Implementation: Projects to update SHSP 

and implementation action plan

The following specific projects were completed under the non-infrastructure safety project:

• Virginia Specific Crash Modification Factor (CMF) Development for Safety Evaluation

• Virginia Statewide Pedestrian Safety Action Plan (PSAP) 

• Effectiveness of Highway Safety Improvement Program Systemic Treatments 

• Preparation of MIRE Fundamental Data Element 

• SMARTSCALE Safety Scoring Analysis 

• Safety Measure Target Setting 

• Policy for Pedestrian Safety Action Plan 

How much funding was transferred in to the HSIP from other core program areas 

during the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126? 

$83,400,000

How much funding was transferred out of the HSIP to other core program areas during 

the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126? 

$0

At the end of the federal fiscal year, $83.4 million of other federal apportionments (STBG, CMAQ, TAP) subject 

to the FAST Act rescission were transferred into the HSIP program to reduce the amount of these funds 

subject to the FAST Act rescission upon its calculation date of September 30, 2019. Such transfers are 

administrative actions explicitly provided for in federal regulations. The intent is to transfer these funds back out 

of HSIP in increments over the next three federal fiscal years; therefore, there is no impact or change to the 

HSIP program or funding as currently projected in the Six-Year Financial Plan (SYFP). Put another way, the 

HSIP program is anticipated to remain funded at the levels currently shown in the SYFP and SYIP (absent, of 

course, any changes to future revenue projections or policy direction). As a result, there is no anticipation or 

expectation that any HSIP funds will lapse.

Discuss impediments to obligating HSIP funds and plans to overcome this challenge in 

the future. 

Having realistic and attainable project schedules may be considered as an impediment to obligating HSIP 

funds. Few Districts have struggled in the project development of HSIP funded safety projects, which resulted 

in some safety projects missing their submission deadlines. Ultimately, HSIP funds were not used for those 

projects in the planned years. To overcome these project delivery issues, the HSIP staff are working with the 

District Traffic Engineers to track the milestones of HSIP projects. This will ensure District project managers 

stay on schedule and deliver the safety improvement projects on time.

VDOT will continue to work through its District offices to provide guidance and support in the project 

development phase of these safety projects.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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General Listing of Projects

List the projects obligated using HSIP funds for the reporting period. 

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

UPC 96938 

#HB2.FY17 Route 

53/618 Roundabout

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control - 

modifications to 

roundabout

1 Intersections $430764 $3901367 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Major Collector 7,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections 

through design, 

traffic control & 

operations while 

considering the 

context of area

UPC 107021 RTE 254 

- SAFETY 

IMPROVEMENTS

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

5.84 Miles $1600000 $1345761 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Major Collector 4,500 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 107073 US 23 

Shoulder Initiative

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

19.85 Miles $2873794 $2873799 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

N/A Principal ArterialOther17,000 60 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 107074 Route 

23 Median Shoulders

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

14.75 Miles $2163561 $2163561 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

N/A Principal ArterialOther14,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

UPC 107797 

#HB2.FY17 RTE 95 - 

EXTEND NB ACCEL 

LANE AT 

BELVIDERE ST

Interchange 

design

Acceleration / 

deceleration / 

merge lane

0.317 Miles $850000 $3416757 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

N/A Principal ArterialInterstate155,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections 

through design, 

traffic control & 

operations while 

considering the 

context of area

UPC 108514 Pave 

Existing Shoulders 

and Install Rumble

Strips & Signs.

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

5.05 Miles $1106829 $1808991 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

N/A Principal ArterialOther Freeways & 

Expressways

21,000 60 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 108888 ROAD 

DIETS - IMPROVE 

BICYCLE 

ACCOMMODATIONS

Roadway Roadway 

narrowing (road 

diet, roadway 

reconfiguration)

Various $1654500 $1746816 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther1,800 35 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Bicyclists Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 109513 US 

Route 21 Rumble 

Stripe Initiative

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

28.45 Miles $4565000 $4565000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 1,800 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 109579 Route 

220/688 Access 

Management 

Improvements

Access 

management

Raised island - 

install new

0.1 Miles $367033 $367033 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther11,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

through design, 

traffic control & 

operations while 

considering the 

context of area

UPC 109580 Rt. 220 

Safety Improvements

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

5.26 Miles $2439723 $2427779 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther18,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 109588 ROUTE 

20/231 

ROUNDABOUT AT 

OLD SOMERSET 

HSIP

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control - 

modifications to 

roundabout

1 Intersections $3219743 $3219743 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Major Collector 4,200 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections 

through design, 

traffic control & 

operations while 

considering the 

context of area

UPC 109594 TOWN 

OF LEESBURG - 

BATTLEFIELD PKWY 

SHARED USE PATH 

@ RTE 15

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Miscellaneous 

pedestrians and 

bicyclists

0.261 Miles $712838 $875548 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Major Collector 28,000 55 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 109920 I-81 

Median Guardrail - 

Smyth Co.

Roadside Barrier - other 9 Miles $959233 $959233 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

N/A Principal ArterialInterstate33,000 70 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

UPC 109922 Route 

80 Shoulder Initiative

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

11.3 Miles $1517008 $1745394 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 8,300 25 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 111360 Franklin 

Road Sidewalk 

Improvements- Rt. 

220 B- Roanoke City

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 0.76 Miles $451044 $763544 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

N/A Principal ArterialOther51,000 55 County 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 111426 

RIVERWALK 

SHARED USE PATH 

PROJECT (PHASE I)

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Miscellaneous 

pedestrians and 

bicyclists

0.19 Miles $237111 $338601 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Local Road or 

Street

8,000 30 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 111430 

Pedestrian 

Improvements - Cityof 

Galax

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new 

crosswalk

4 Intersections $395052 $420103 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther2,700 55 County 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 113847 I-81 Exit 

32 - Improve 

Superelevation NB & 

SB

Roadway Superelevation / 

cross slope

0.4 Miles $1315499 $1315499 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

N/A Principal ArterialInterstate32,000 70 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 114064 

GRAVES MILL ROAD 

- INSTALL ADAPTIVE 

SIGNAL CONTROLS

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS - other

1.49 Miles $462500 $462500 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 26,000 35 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 114093 RTE 29 - 

SHOULDER 

WIDENING AND 

RUMBLE STRIPS 

(AMHERST)

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

8.77 Miles $4352330 $1976874 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther23,000 65 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations 

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 114094 RTE 29 - 

SHOULDER 

WIDENING AND 

RUMBLE STRIPS 

(CAMPBELL)

Roadway Rumble strips - 

edge or shoulder

4.58 Miles $1529620 $1024763 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther32,000 60 State 

Highway 

Agency

Hybrid Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance 

of vehicles 

leaving travel 

lane at locations

with high 

potential for 

roadway 

departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway system

UPC 114402 Opal 

Phase II - Median 

Restrictions

Access 

management

Median 

crossover - close 

crossover

0.03 Miles $291180 $247925 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther46,000 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114651 PARK 

AVE.-CROSSWALK 

& PEDESTRIAN 

SIGNAL 

IMPROVEMENTS

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new 

crosswalk

0.1 Miles $469000 $449000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 0 0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114652 

RUSSELL ROADINSTALL 

SIGNALIZED 

CROSSWALK

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new 

"smart" 

crosswalk

0.1 Miles $113452 $113452 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 8,100 55 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114670 

RECTANGULAR 

RAPID FLASHING 

BEACONS ON 

WASHINGTON BLVD 

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrian signal 

- Pedestrian 

Hybrid Beacon

1 Intersections $80000 $107861 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther33,000 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114671 

RECTANGULAR 

RAPID FLASHING 

BEACON GEORGE 

MASON DR & 4TH ST 

N

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrian signal 

- Pedestrian 

Hybrid Beacon

1 Intersections $40000 $53930 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 25,000 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

UPC 114672 

RECTANGULAR 

RAPID FLASHING 

BEACON AT LEE 

HWY & N NELSON 

ST

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrian signal 

- Pedestrian 

Hybrid Beacon

1 Intersections $40000 $54138 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther23,000 35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114701 PSAP - 

Pedestrian Facility 

Improvements in 

Richmond

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new 

crosswalk

Various $1540000 $1539985 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Major Collector 0 0 County 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114721 Little 

Creek Corridor 

(PSAP)

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new 

crosswalk

11 Intersections $180702 $180702 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Principal ArterialOther22,000 45 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114733 

PEDESTRIAN 

UPGRADES AT 

PROPOSED 

INTERSECTIONS IN 

PW COUNTY

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Crosswalk Various $56775 $21550 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

UPC 114765 

PEDESTRIAN 

SIGNAL UPGRADES 

- CITY OF ROANOKE

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrian 

beacons

Various $230000 $230000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A Minor Arterial 0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify corridors 

& locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped 

safety 

countermeasures

Please note that for the projects listed under this question, the dollar amount represents construction cost only. Preliminary engineering and non-infrastructure costs are not included in this table, and the amount figures will be different 

from the amount entered in for Question #23.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Safety Performance

General Highway Safety Trends

Present data showing the general highway safety trends in the State for the past five 

years.

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Fatalities 764 776 740 703 754 760 839 820 827

Serious Injuries 10,901 10,149 8,643 7,594 8,014 8,087 7,634 7,442 7,197

Fatality rate (per 

HMVMT)

0.944 0.959 0.916 0.868 0.913 0.900 0.984 0.961 0.968

Serious injury rate (per 

HMVMT)

13.462 12.536 10.701 9.377 9.699 9.575 8.953 8.721 8.426

Number non-motorized 

fatalities

79 108 83 100 92 132 123 130 137

Number of nonmotorized serious 

injuries

700 778 629 627 635 630 598 568 584
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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600

650

700

750

800

850

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Annual Fatalities

Fatalities 5 Year Rolling Avg.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Annual Serious Injuries

Serious Injuries 5 Year Rolling Avg.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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0.8

0.82

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Fatality rate (per HMVMT)

Fatality rate (per HMVMT) 5 Year Rolling Avg.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Serious injury rate (per HMVMT)

Serious injury rate (per HMVMT) 5 Year Rolling Avg.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Describe fatality data source. 

FARS

FARS data is used as fatality data source for 2011 to 2018. Since fatalities information is not available on 

FARS for 2019, VDOT database is being used to obtain fatalities information for 2019.

To the maximum extent possible, present this data by functional classification and 

ownership. 

Year 2019

Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - 

Interstate

49.8 352 0.64 4.54

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other

78.4 556.8 1.24 8.85

Rural Minor Arterial 100.8 658.8 1.95 12.94

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Non Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries

Fatalities Serious Injuries 5 Year Rolling Avg.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Minor Collector 18.6 146.8 1.84 14.55

Rural Major Collector 122.4 869.8 3.34 23.74

Rural Local Road or 

Street

57.8 509 2.35 20.81

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - 

Interstate

60.4 692 0.33 3.74

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

15 126.8 0.32 2.7

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other

82.4 932 0.76 8.26

Urban Minor Arterial 70.6 876.2 0.8 9.66

Urban Minor Collector 34.6 434.2 0.81 9.63

Urban Major Collector

Urban Local Road or 

Street

13.4 175.8 0.41 5.36
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Year 2019

Roadways Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

State Highway 

Agency

642.2 5,390.2 1.1 9.34

County Highway 

Agency

7.6 88 0.42 4.99

Town or Township 

Highway Agency

2 26.4 0.29 4.05

City or Municipal 

Highway Agency

109.6 1,461.2 0.58 8.11

State Park, Forest, or 

Reservation Agency

Local Park, Forest or 

Reservation Agency

Other State Agency

Other Local Agency

Private (Other than 

Railroad)

Railroad

State Toll Authority

Local Toll Authority 6 3.93

Other Public 

Instrumentality (e.g. 

Airport, School, 

University)

Indian Tribe Nation

Other

Safety Performance Targets

Safety Performance Targets 

Calendar Year 2021 Targets *

Number of Fatalities:852.0

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 872 fatalities in 2020 and 898 fatalities 

in 2021. These annual and 5-year average targets represent an increase that began in 2015 and is anticipated 

into 2021. Additional information on the prediction method used and collaboration with the Virginia Highway 

Safety Office (VAHSO) are described in Question 35. When Virginia’s 2017-2021 SHSP safety performance 

objectives were set there had been a long period of fatalities declining. Optimistic linear reductions in fatalities 

were envisioned and a goal of 50 percent reductions by 2030 appeared plausible. Now that data-driven targets 

are being set and approved by our Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB), the goals have even more 

support, given recent fatality increases, with policy focus on safety, the reprioritization of HSIP on more costeffective systemic countermeasures, and legislation for additional state funding of safety improvements.

Number of Serious Injuries:7451.0

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 7597 serious injuries in 2020 and 7385 

serious injuries in 2021. These annual and 5-year average targets represent leveling of the expected 

outcomes. Additional information on the prediction method used and collaboration with the VAHSO are 

described in Question 35. When Virginia’s 2017-2021 SHSP safety performance objectives were set, there had 

been a long period of large annual reductions in serious injuries. Optimistic linear reductions in serious injuries 

were envisioned, although a flattening was beginning in 2015. Recently, serious injuries have remained 

somewhat level since that time. Now that data-driven targets are being set and approved by our 

Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB), the goals have even more support, given recent leveling, with the 

reprioritization of HSIP on more cost-effective systemic countermeasures and legislation for additional state 

funding of safety improvements.

Fatality Rate:0.984

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 0.994 fatalities per HMVMT in 2019 

and 1.012 fatalities per HMVMT in 2020. These annual and 5-year average targets represent an increase that 

began in 2017 and is anticipated into 2021. Additional information on the prediction method used and 

collaboration with the VAHSO are described in Question 35. When Virginia’s 2017-2021 SHSP safety 

performance objectives were set there had been a long period of fatalities declining and post-recession VMT 

increases. Optimistic linear reductions in fatality rates were envisioned towards a 50 percent reduction goal. 

Recently, however, fatalities have increased and VMT growth is minimal. Now that data-driven targets are 

being set and approved by our Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB), the goals have even more 

support, given recent fatality increases and near level VMT, with the reprioritization of HSIP on more cost 

effective systemic countermeasures and legislation for additional state funding of safety improvements.

Serious Injury Rate:8.615

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 8.657 serious injuries per HMVMT in 

2020 and 8.325 serious injuries per HMVMT in 2021. These annual and 5-year average targets represent a 

leveling of the expected outcomes. Additional information on the prediction method used and collaboration with 

the VAHSO are described in Question 35. Similar to fatality rates, optimistic SI rate linear reduction objectives 

were set for the 2017-2021 SHSP period. Now that data-driven targets are being set and approved by our 

Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB), the goals have even more support, given recent leveling of SI 

and near level VMT, with the reprioritization of HSIP on more cost effective systemic countermeasures and 

legislation for additional state funding of safety improvements.

Total Number of Non-Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries:725.0
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 733 and then 750 non-motorized 

fatalities and serious injuries in 2020 and 2021, respectively. These annual and 5-year average targets 

represent a slight increase of the expected outcomes. Additional information on the prediction method used 

and collaboration with the VAHSO are described in Question 35. Although pedestrian fatalities had a 50 

percent increase in 2016 and have remained at that level, serious injuries for all non-motorized has declined. 

This combination resulted in an inverted U shape trend for annual total values and level five-year averages. To 

support our SHSP fatality goals, reducing our non-motorized deaths will provide an important part of the 

mission. Indicating a leveling of non-motorized severe outcomes has led to support of SHSP identified 

infrastructure improvements and education initiatives within VDOT and across our safety partner organizations.

Describe efforts to coordinate with other stakeholders (e.g. MPOs, SHSO) to establish 

safety performance targets. 

During the 2019 safety target setting coordination and Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) approval 

process, the CTB requested that VDOT investigate a more robust and data-driven methodology than using 

previous measure data trend lines or optimistic targets based on the SHSP.

VDOT HSIP staff investigated best practices (e.g., NCHRP 17-67) and prepared a work plan to develop a loglinear regression model to obtain baseline count predictions of future year measures and then adjust the 

baseline by assessing the expected benefits (crash modifications) of transportation projects to be completed 

the year prior. The rate measures would then be determined based on VMT forecasts. Multiple social, 

economic, population, infrastructure and behavioral program spending and Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT) 

factors were tested for significance in predicting the count measures. VDOT began coordination with the 

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) State Highway Safety Offices (SHSO) early in the process to get 

their data and input since the first 2020 target setting using this method following 23 CFR 490. Several years of 

SHSO grant program spending was obtained to determine if crash modifications could be determined at the 

jurisdictional level for each program or in aggregate. Strong correlation between program spending and 

measure rates could not be produced, but a downward trend in rates was observed with increased spending 

for several programs. The program and total spending were tested and included in the fatality, serious injury 

and non-motorized regression models as significant factors for 2021 predictions. Several other VDOT spending 

categories for construction, maintenance, and operations were also tested and included in the models. As the 

baseline predictions were prepared, each SMART SCALE (capital improvement) and HSIP project to be 

completed in 2020 and early 2021 was assessed to determine the crash reduction benefits based on published 

Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). These project benefits were then subtracted from the baseline predictions 

to determine the final 2021 targets. Additionally, Virginia passed a handheld electronic device law that will 

become effective January 2021. Therefore, additional reductions in fatalities and serious injuries were obtained 

from the SHSO based on NHTSA data for expected reductions. The 2021 annual targets were then used, with 

the 2020 interim year targets, to determine the 5-year average targets as entered in Question #34.

The baseline target models were developed using VDOT district and monthly data where available. This 

construct with the consideration of programmed projects completed includes the local and regional agency 

priorities for capital and behavioral program spending. The models could be used to test different spending 

scenarios. As such, the jurisdictional and regional mobility and safety initiatives are directly incorporated into 

the target setting methodology.

Since 2017, VDOT has held quarterly Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) coordination meetings for all 

FHWA (and optional FTA) performance measures and target setting. These meetings continued with MPO 

safety target setting. An Excel workbook with regional safety measure and VMT data and linear predictions is 

provided after the statewide values are reported to FHWA. This updated data and prediction tool has been 

provided since their 2018 targets. A SharePoint site was developed and introduced for obtaining the workbook 

and submitting the targets. The workbook update required refining the Fatality Analysis Reporting System 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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(FARS) geospatial data with Virginia fatality data to provide fatalities that occurred in Virginia for the multi-state 

MPOs. VDOT also provided a submittal letter template for MPOs to indicate if they will support the State or 

choose their own targets. All MPOs submittals have been received since the 2018 target setting.. Three (of 15) 

of the larger MPOs decided to set independent targets from the State percent reductions. Updates and 

outreach for MPO 2021 target setting will occur in September 2020.

Does the State want to report additional optional targets? 

No

Describe progress toward meeting the State’s 2019 Safety Performance Targets (based 

on data available at the time of reporting). For each target, include a discussion of any 

reasons for differences in the actual outcomes and targets. 

PERFORMANCE MEASURES TARGETS ACTUALS

Number of Fatalities 840.0 800.0

Number of Serious Injuries 7689.0 7674.8

Fatality Rate 0.940 0.945

Serious Injury Rate 8.750 9.075

Non-Motorized Fatalities and 

Serious Injuries

714.0 725.8

The frequency measure targets for 2019 were set based on annual count trend lines to account for the 

increases in 2017 and expected increases in 2018. VMT estimates of 1.5 percent increase per year were used 

to determine the annual rate measure targets. The ACTUALS values in the above table are based on Virginia 

measure counts and VMT estimates as of May 2020. 

The predicted increases in VMT and count measures did not occur as expected, except for non-motorized 

users. Thus early estimates indicate that two of the five measures meet the targets with fatality rate measure 

only 0.005 higher than the target. The final published VMT may change the rate measures. Besides flattening 

VMT reducing exposure and thus severe crash outcomes, others factors included in our new baseline safety 

measure prediction models may have impacted the 2019 outcomes. A review of the factors with each 

predicting positive or negative influence on severe crash outcomes provides good indicators for the reasons 

trends continued or are changing. For example, having fewer snow fall months will increase non-motorized 

travel and increase those related crash outcomes. Also, increased funding of behavioral and/or infrastructure 

funding in the districts with increasing trends could flatten or reverse the trend. Further, changes in the alcohol 

sales and proportion of young and older driver populations could have decreased severe crashes. Additionally, 

Virginia’s HSIP projects are increasingly implementing systemic treatments that are more cost effective at 

reducing severe crashes.

Applicability of Special Rules

Does the HRRR special rule apply to the State for this reporting period? 

Yes

Yes, the fatality rate on rural roads (Rural Major Collectors, Rural Minor Collectors and Rural Local Roads) 

increased over the most recent two-year period, and therefore, the HRRR special rule applies to Virginia.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 41 of 54

Please note that preliminary engineering and non-infrastructure related projects are not included on the project 

list on Question #29, and most of the HRRR funds were allocated/obligated on nine pre-scoping projects to 

perform preliminary engineering work.

Provide the number of older driver and pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries 65 

years of age and older for the past seven years. 

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Fatalities

127 102 122 126 159 144 170

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Serious 

Injuries

690 617 643 665 665 688 697

Rate of traffic fatalities and serious injuries for drivers and pedestrians 65 years of age and older has not 

increased over the most recent 2-year period, and therefore, the Older Drivers and Pedestrians Special Rule 

does not apply in VA.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Evaluation

Program Effectiveness

How does the State measure effectiveness of the HSIP? 

• Benefit/Cost Ratio

• Change in fatalities and serious injuries

• Lives saved

Based on the measures of effectiveness selected previously, describe the results of 

the State's program level evaluations. 

VDOT is programming more systemic safety projects and as a result is in interested in understanding the 

effectiveness of these projects. In 2018, VDOT began an effort to evaluate all HSIP-funded systemic 

improvement projects. Because systemic projects are usually deployed in several locations over one or 

multiple jurisdictions, it has proven to be difficult to gather accurate data or perform analysis on the overall 

effectiveness of these systemic improvement projects. As a result of the challenges encountered in the 

evaluation effort, VDOT has engaged in an effort to develop a project tracking tool specifically designed to 

track these HSIP-funded systemic projects.

What other indicators of success does the State use to demonstrate effectiveness and 

success of the Highway Safety Improvement Program? 

• # miles improved by HSIP

• HSIP Obligations

• More systemic programs

Describe significant program changes that have occurred since the last reporting 

period. 

In June 2019, the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) adopted Safety Performance Targets for CY 

2020 and found the anticipated safety outcomes associated with the Safety Performance Targets to be 

unacceptable, and further directed the Office of Intermodal Planning and Investment (OIPI), working 

collaboratively with VDOT and Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), to analyze and develop a plan resulting in 

a net reduction in fatal and serious injury crashes. A key finding from this data-driven analysis demonstrated 

that systemic and hybrid corridor safety projects provide greater potential crash reduction benefits for lower 

cost than traditional spot improvement projects, and this finding was presented to the CTB during multiple 

workshop meetings. In September 2019, the CTB approved an amendment to FY 2020-2025 Six-Year 

Improvement Program (SYIP) to begin deployment of systemic safety improvements included in an initial 

Systemic Improvement Plan. This initial Systemic Improvement Plan identified $136.7 million in potential 

funding through FY 2025 in order to implement eight systemic countermeasure initiatives at VDOT-maintained 

roadways. The systemic countermeasure initiatives are as follows:

• High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

• Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

• Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections 

• Centerline Rumble Strip 

• Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes 

• Curve Delineation 

• Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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• Safety Edge 

The systemic countermeasure implementation projects in this initial Systemic Improvement Plan is estimated 

to save 61 lives and 1,174 injuries per year statewide once implemented. This initial Systemic Improvement 

Plan also:

• Establishes goals and schedules for deploying the eight systemic countermeasures across VDOT’s 

network.

• Includes a risk-based assessment of eight systemic countermeasures to include the locations, 

appropriate improvements, cost estimates, and schedules on all public roads.

• Aligns with emphasis areas in Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP).

• Will be updated periodically to advance additional systemic improvements. 

The initial Systemic Improvement Plan is currently ongoing with potential project locations identified and 

implementation of systemic initiatives underway in many locations. Additional information on the initial HSIP 

Systemic Implementation Plan is provided on-line at: http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/sep/pres/9.pdf 

. 

Furthermore, in December 2019, the CTB approved the Highway Safety Improvement Program Project 

Prioritization Policy where it states the following:

• VDOT shall develop the next phase of the Implementation Plan for the deployment of systemic and 

hybrid safety countermeasures across the roadway network, including VDOT and locally-maintained 

facilities. Note: VDOT is currently in development of this next phase of the Safety Improvement Project 

Plan. 

• After HSIP funds are set aside for program administration (approximately 5 to 10 percent), the 

remaining funds shall be programmed to projects with a goal of approximately 80 percent of funds 

allocated to systemic and hybrid safety improvements over the Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). 

• In order to accelerate deployment of systemic and hybrid safety improvements, the CTB will not 

approve new spot improvement projects until FY 2026-2031 SYIP unless certain conditions are met.

The full CTB approval of the HSIP Project Prioritization Policy is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/dec/reso/10.pdf .

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing the process and conducting network screening, scoring, 

and selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluation of 

the selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis. Once the 

final HSIP projects are prioritized and selected by Central Office, the selected HSIP projects are included in 

Virginia’s Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP), which is then presented to the Commonwealth 

Transportation Board (CTB) for approval. Once the HSIP projects are approved, programmed, and have 

received allocated funds, the HSIP staff monitor the projects from scoping through construction to the final 

voucher. The project monitoring process consists of tracking changes that occur to the following functions: 

advertisement dates, funding authorization dates, engineer’s estimates, and expenditures. Cost, schedule, and 

scope are monitored and measured to ensure that the HSIP projects are being delivered on time and on 

budget. HSIP project schedules and cost both directly affect the Federal Strategy and VDOT’s ability to meet 

their Obligation Authority for the HSIP Program.

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements

Present and describe trends in SHSP emphasis area performance measures. 

Year 2019
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 44 of 54

SHSP Emphasis Area Targeted Crash 

Type

Number of 

Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of 

Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury 

Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Roadway Departure Run-off-road 403.8 2,916 0.49 3.42

Intersections Intersections 231.6 2,794 0.27 3.17

Pedestrians Vehicle/pedestrian 114.2 463.2 0.13 0.54

Bicyclists Vehicle/bicycle 12.2 139 0.02 0.16

Impaired Driving Alcohol-related

Speed Speed-related

Occupant Protection All

Young Drivers All
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Fatalities

Number of Fatalities 

5 Year Average

2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Serious Injuries

Number of Serious Injuries 

5 Year Average

2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Fatality Rate

Fatality Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average

2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Serious Injury Rate

Serious Injury Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average

2011-2015 2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Project Effectiveness

Provide the following information for previously implemented projects that the State evaluated this reporting period. 

LOCATION FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT TYPE PDO

BEFORE

PDO

AFTER

FATALITY

BEFORE

FATALITY

AFTER

SERIOUS 

INJURY

BEFORE

SERIOUS 

INJURY

AFTER

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

BEFORE

ALL 

OTHER 

INJURY

AFTER

TOTAL

BEFORE

TOTAL

AFTER

EVALUATION 

RESULTS

(BENEFIT/COST 

RATIO)

106572 Freeway and 

Expressway

Roadway Rumble strips - edge or shoulder 42.00 66.00 3.00 18.00 8.00 3.00 36.00 66.00 110.00

107119 Freeway and 

Expressway

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder - paved or other 4.00 3.00 1.00 7.00 4.00 11.00

104805 Freeway and 

Expressway

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection geometrics - 

miscellaneous/other/unspecified

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00

93136 Minor Arterial Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

10.00 8.00 1.00 1.00 11.00 12.00 19.00

106574 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal - 

modernization/replacement

9.00 9.00 1.00 6.00 9.00 16.00

86480 URBAN 

MINOR 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

13.00 4.00 1.00 6.00 13.00 11.00

86488 URBAN 

COLLECTOR

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

8.00 1.00 1.00 8.00 2.00

86678 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add slip lane 15.00 8.00 3.00 2.00 19.00 18.00 29.00

89901 URBAN 

MINOR 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal - modify 

signal mounting (spanwire to 

mast arm)

6.00 5.00 2.00 6.00 8.00 11.00

94529 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

3.00 1.00 6.00 3.00 7.00

98096 Freeway and 

Expressway

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - extend existing 

left-turn lane

9.00 8.00 1.00 3.00 6.00 10.00 17.00

104678 Freeway and 

Expressway

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - modify rightturn lane offset4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 6.00 3.00

90499 URBAN 

COLLECTOR

Roadway Superelevation / cross slope 9.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 10.00 2.00

93568 Minor Arterial Roadway Superelevation / cross slope 3.00 1.00 4.00

98372 URBAN 

MINOR 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

8.00 6.00 8.00 6.00
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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LOCATION FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT TYPE PDO

BEFORE

PDO

AFTER

FATALITY

BEFORE

FATALITY

AFTER

SERIOUS 

INJURY

BEFORE

SERIOUS 

INJURY

AFTER

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

BEFORE

ALL 

OTHER 

INJURY

AFTER

TOTAL

BEFORE

TOTAL

AFTER

EVALUATION 

RESULTS

(BENEFIT/COST 

RATIO)

93938 URBAN

COLLECTOR

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control - modifications to 

roundabout

3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 6.00

97027 URBAN 

MINOR 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control - modifications to 

roundabout

3.00 1.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 6.00

98561 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add right-turn 

lane

8.00 8.00

98564 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal - 

modernization/replacement

3.00 14.00 1.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 22.00

98565 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal - 

modernization/replacement

13.00 18.00 3.00 13.00 21.00

106238 URBAN 

MINOR 

ARTERIAL

Roadside Removal of roadside objects 

(trees, poles, etc.)

2.00 2.00

106293 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal - 

modernization/replacement

23.00 46.00 4.00 1.00 21.00 27.00 68.00

107868 Minor Arterial Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal - 

modernization/replacement

19.00 16.00 1.00 1.00 7.00 20.00 24.00

98562 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - extend existing 

left-turn lane

13.00 6.00 2.00 13.00 8.00

98563 URBAN 

PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - modify turn lane 

storage

23.00 15.00 1.00 3.00 24.00 18.00

104635 Interstate Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Advanced technology and ITS - 

other

55.00 66.00 5.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 15.00 68.00 85.00

104814 Interstate Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Advanced technology and ITS - 

other

126.00 134.00 6.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 13.00 143.00 153.00

93349 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

5.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 7.00 4.00
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Compliance Assessment

What date was the State’s current SHSP approved by the Governor or designated State representative? 

 05/12/2017

What are the years being covered by the current SHSP? 

From: 2017 To: 2021

When does the State anticipate completing it’s next SHSP update? 

 2021

Provide the current status (percent complete) of MIRE fundamental data elements collection efforts using the table below. 

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

ROADWAY SEGMENT Segment Identifier 

(12) [12]

100 100 100

Route Number (8) 

[8]

100

Route/Street Name 

(9) [9]

100

Federal Aid/Route 

Type (21) [21]

100

Rural/Urban 

Designation (20) [20]

100 100

Surface Type (23) 

[24]

100 100

Begin Point 

Segment Descriptor 

(10) [10]

100 100 100

End Point Segment 

Descriptor (11) [11]

100 100 100

Segment Length 

(13) [13]

100

Direction of 

Inventory (18) [18]

100

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100 100 100
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

Median Type (54) 

[55]

100

Access Control (22) 

[23]

100

One/Two Way 

Operations (91) [93]

100

Number of Through 

Lanes (31) [32]

100 100

Average Annual 

Daily Traffic (79) [81]

100 100

AADT Year (80) [82] 100

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100 100 100

INTERSECTION Unique Junction 

Identifier (120) [110]

100

Location Identifier 

for Road 1 Crossing 

Point (122) [112]

100

Location Identifier 

for Road 2 Crossing 

Point (123) [113]

100

Intersection/Junction 

Geometry (126) 

[116]

100

Intersection/Junction 

Traffic Control (131) 

[131]

50

AADT for Each 

Intersecting Road 

(79) [81]

96 99

AADT Year (80) [82] 96 99

Unique Approach 

Identifier (139) [129]

100

INTERCHANGE/RAMP Unique Interchange 

Identifier (178) [168]

100

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

100
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

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ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (197) [187]

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

Ending Ramp 

Terminal (201) [191]

100

Ramp Length (187) 

[177]

100

Roadway Type at 

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (195) [185]

100

Roadway Type at 

End Ramp Terminal 

(199) [189]

100

Interchange Type 

(182) [172]

100

Ramp AADT (191) 

[181]

60

Year of Ramp AADT 

(192) [182]

60

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100

Totals (Average Percent Complete): 100.00 0.00 92.75 24.75 92.73 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00 0.00

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

The Non-State column items for the MIRE categories remain as blanks or 0 as VDOT is still in its outreach/planning process. This fiscal year, VDOT continued conducting a needs assessment of VDOT’s Road Inventory Management 

System (RIMS) to assess the compliance level of RIMS with MIRE FDE requirements. This assessment will determine the roadway elements that are identified as not available in RIMS but should be added into RIMS in order to meet 

MIRE FDE requirements for further evaluation and collection. Response to Question #50 explains VDOT’s progress on MIRE data collection in greater detail.

Describe actions the State will take moving forward to meet the requirement to have complete access to the MIRE fundamental data elements on all public roads by September 30, 2026.

VDOT follows the 10-step VDOT MIRE FDE Implementation Plan to meet the requirement to have complete access to the MIRE Fundamental Data Elements (FDE) on all public roads by September 30, 2026. VDOT is currently on steps 

3 and 4 which determine the data collection needs. This fiscal year, VDOT continued conducting a needs assessment of VDOT’s Road Inventory Management System (RIMS) to assess the compliance level of RIMS with MIRE FDE 

requirements. This assessment will determine the roadway elements that are identified as not available in RIMS but should be added into RIMS in order to meet MIRE FDE requirements for further evaluation and collection.

VDOT has been communicating with the localities to identify the availability, completeness, and schema of the data maintained by the localities on the public roads they maintain. Communication with the localities to date includes face-toface meetings, email correspondence, phone calls, live webinar presentations, and multiple web/email-based surveys to obtain this information. VDOT will continue communication with localities and obtain any available data to determine 

the completeness and schema. After assessing the completeness and schema of the locality’s databases, VDOT will develop a preliminary plan to translate the jurisdictional data received into proper state schema for inclusion into 
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 52 of 54

VDOT’s database as well as identify any MIRE FDE elements that are not satisfied by the locality datasets. Additionally, VDOT will create a detailed data collection plan and a cost estimate for the data collection. When funding sources 

have been identified, VDOT will begin collecting all remaining data needed to have complete access to the MIRE fundamental data elements on all public roads by September 30, 2026.
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 53 of 54

Optional Attachments

Program Structure:

FINAL_VDOT_HSIP_Implementation_Manual.pdf

Project Implementation:

Safety Performance:

Evaluation:

Compliance Assessment:
2020 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 54 of 54

Glossary 

5 year rolling average: means the average of five individuals, consecutive annual points of data 

(e.g. annual fatality rate).

Emphasis area: means a highway safety priority in a State’s SHSP, identified through a data-driven, 

collaborative process.

Highway safety improvement project: means strategies, activities and projects on a public road 

that are consistent with a State strategic highway safety plan and corrects or improves a hazardous 

road location or feature or addresses a highway safety problem.

HMVMT: means hundred million vehicle miles traveled.

Non-infrastructure projects: are projects that do not result in construction. Examples of noninfrastructure projects include road safety audits, transportation safety planning activities, 

improvements in the collection and analysis of data, education and outreach, and enforcement 

activities.

Older driver special rule: applies if traffic fatalities and serious injuries per capita for drivers and 

pedestrians over the age of 65 in a State increases during the most recent 2-year period for which 

data are available, as defined in the Older Driver and Pedestrian Special Rule Interim Guidance 

dated February 13, 2013.

Performance measure: means indicators that enable decision-makers and other stakeholders to 

monitor changes in system condition and performance against established visions, goals, and 

objectives.

Programmed funds: mean those funds that have been programmed in the Statewide Transportation 

Improvement Program (STIP) to be expended on highway safety improvement projects.

Roadway Functional Classification: means the process by which streets and highways are 

grouped into classes, or systems, according to the character of service they are intended to provide.

Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP): means a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary plan, based on 

safety data developed by a State Department of Transportation in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 148.

Systematic: refers to an approach where an agency deploys countermeasures at all locations across 

a system.

Systemic safety improvement: means an improvement that is widely implemented based on high 

risk roadway features that are correlated with specific severe crash types.

Transfer: means, in accordance with provisions of 23 U.S.C. 126, a State may transfer from an 

apportionment under section 104(b) not to exceed 50 percent of the amount apportioned for the fiscal 

year to any other apportionment of the State under that section.