LOUIS S. KORNIC

1

 Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cypridinacea) from the

Philippine Islands

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1969 NUMBER 39
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 39

Louis s. Komicker Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cypridinacea) from the

Philippine Islands

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

I97O
ABSTRACT

Kornicker, Louis S. Myodocopid Ostracoda (Cypridinacea) from the Philippine

Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 39:1-32. 1970.—Seven species

(6 new) of myodocopid Ostracoda are described. These were collected in 1967 during

an ecological survey jointly sponsored by the University of Hawaii and the Smithsonian

Oceanographic Sorting Center.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1970

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 4<5 cents (paper cover)
Louis s. Komkker Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cypridinacea) from the

Philippine Islands

An ecological survey jointly sponsored by Dr. Maxwell S. Doty of the University of Hawaii and the

Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center was undertaken in the Philippines from 21 August 1967 to

20 October 1967. Collections were made by Dr. Ernani

G. Menez. The primary objective of their study is to

identify plants and animals associated with two commercially important algal genera, Caulerpa and

Eucheuma, and to use this and other ecological information to increase production of both genera. Collections were obtained primarily by washing algae and

their holdfasts. Myodocopid ostracods were collected in

5 of the 16 stations sampled. Station localities are

shown in the accompanying map, and station data are

presented in Table 1. The distribution of all species in

the samples submitted to me (6 are new) is shown in

Table 2.

Miiller (1906) described 11 myodocopid ostracods

(8 new) from the vicinity of the Philippines including

the northern half of the Celebes Sea. These were collected by the Siboga Expedition in 1899. Poulsen (1962,

1965) described 6 species (4 new) from the same general area, collected by the "Dana" and "Galathea"

Expeditions and by Dr. Th. Mortensen (Poulsen, 1962,

p. 2). Kornicker (1969) identified 2 genera from

San Miguel Harbor, Ticao Island, Philippines, collected during the Albatross Philippine Expedition in

1908. The positions of the above collecting localities

are shown in the accompanying map (Figure 1). (Numerous stations from which the pelagic ostracods

Gigantocypris danae and Macrocypridina castanea

Kornicker, Louis S., Division of Crustacea, National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

20560.

var. rotunda were reported by Poulsen (1962) are

omitted from the map.) Species of Cypridinacea reported in the above publications and herein are listed

in Table 3. The large proportion of new species found

in each of these collections indicates that the Myodocopida in the region are highly diverse and relatively

unknown.

Prior to the work of Miiller (1906), Dana (1852)

described 3 new species of Cypridina (C. luteola, C.

punctata, C. olivacea) from Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago, and Brady (1880) reported Cypridina formosa (?) Dana from Zamboanga, Philippines, and

Philomedes gibbosa (Dana) from Cebu Island,

Philippines.

The present locality of specimens described by Dana

is unknown. From his descriptions (1852, 1853) and

illustration (1855) it is possible to refer Cypridina luteola Dana to the genus Paravargula, but not with certainty. Cypridina punctata Dana was recognized by

Miiller (1912) as being a junior homonym of Cypridina punctata Reuss, 1849, and he also correctly referred it to "Cypridinidarum genera dubia et species

dubiae." Cypridina olivacea Dana was referred to Philomedes by Sars (1866, p. 107), and to Asterope by

Brady (1880, pp. 154, 159). Skogsberg (1920, pp. 433,

440) supported the assignment by Brady because of

the shape of the carapace and its posterior hairs. Additional support for the placement of this species in the

family Cylindroleberididae is the hirsute sensory bristle

of the 1st antenna on the specimen illustrated by Dana

(1855, pi. 91, fig. 5a), which also indicates that the

specimen is a mature male. With present knowledge of

the species it is not possible to assign it to any particular

genus.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Station localities and data

Station Date (1967) Lat. N. Long. E. Locality

M-5 Sept. 10 ll°05' 125°41'

M-9 Sept. 18 06°52' 122°04'22"

M-10 Sept. 19 06°56' 122°11'

M-lla Sept. 23 05°05' 119°58'

M-13 Sept. 29 09°13' 123°30'

Coral reefs southwest of Botic Island, Salcedo, Samar Province, Philippines,

water depth 1 m

Great Santa Cruz Island, Zamboanga Province, Philippines, water depth

1 m

Sacol Island, Zamboanga Province, Philippines, sandy mud flat near

mangrove area, water depth 1-2 m, corals abundant

Mangrove area in the vicinity of Balimbing Point, Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, sandy mud bottom, water depth 1-2 m

Cang-alwang, Siquijor Island, Negros Province, Philippines, reef flat,

water depth 1—3 m

TABLE 2.—Distribution of species TABLE 3.—Philippine Cypridinacea

Species

CYPRIDINIDAE

Paravargula nanipollex

Paravargula digitata

Skugsbergia menezi

Skogsbergia species

Cypridinodes species

CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE

Cylindroleberidinae

genus indet.

CyHndroleberis vatiabilis

Parasterope zamboangae

ParastcTopc mcktnziei

Number of specimens per station

M-5 M-9 M-10 M-11A M-13

2

2

2

1

1

- 2

-3- 1

1 . _

2

Neither Cypridina formosa (?) Dana reported by

Brady (1880) from Zamboanga nor Cypridina formosa Dana reported by Dana (1852, 1853, 1855) from

Samoa are described in sufficient detail to enable their

identification. There is no doubt, however, that they

belong in the Cypridinidae. Cypridina gibbosa Dana

described by Dana (1852) from the Pacific Ocean was

referred to Philomedes by Brady (1880), when he reported it from Cebu Island, Philippines. Miiller (1912,

p. 19) referred the species to Pyrocypris, but questioned the correctness of Brady's identification. Dana's

description and illustrations of the species are too

meager for use in identification. Poulsen (1962, p. 255)

states, "With the only very incomplete descriptions of

C. reynaudi and C. gibbosa I find it difficult to go

further than to admit the possibility of these two species belonging to Cypridina."

Taxa

CYPRIDINIDAE

Vargula hilgendorfi

Cypridina serrata

lepidophora*

acuminata

Codonocera cruenta

goniacantha

weberi

polygonia

stellifera

suensoni

Codonocera species

Monopia flaveola

Paravargula nanipollex

digitata

ensifera

Skogsbergia menezi

Skogsbergia species

Cypridinodes asymmetrica

Cypridinodes species (2

species)

Paradoloria nuda

Macrocypridina castanea

var. rotunda

Gigantocypris danae

CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE

Cylindroleberis variabilis

?Cylindroleberis australis

Parasterope zamboangae

mcktnziti

Mfiller Poulsen Kor-

(1906) (1962, nicker Herein

1965) (1969)

x - - —

x - — —

x - - -

— x — —

x — - —

x — — —

x — - —

x - - —

x — - —

— x - —

- - X -

x - - —

- X

- - - X

- x - —

- - - X

- - - X

x - - —

- - X X

- X — —

- X — —

- x -

- - - X

X - - —

- - - X

— - - X

•Skogsberg (1920) considered this species conspecific with

C. serrata.
NUMBER 39

120° E 0

P HI LIPPIN E

S E A

SOUT H

SEA

FIGURE 1.—Map of Philippines showing station localities:

Kornicker (herein), circles with enclosed numbers; Miiller

(1906), inverted triangle; Poulsen (1962, 1965), filled in

circle; Kornicker (1969), half-filled circle; Dana (1852), X;

Brady (1880), filled-in square.

Because of the uncertainty of the identity of species

reported in or near the Philippines by Dana and Brady,

I have omitted these species from Table 3, but have included their approximate collecting localities on the

map.

It is interesting to note that known ostracods in the

Philippines belong in 2 families, Cypridinidae and

Cylindroleberididae. The absence of members of the

families Philomedidae, Sarsiellidae, and Rutidermatidae is probably the result of insufficient collecting.

I thank Dr. Thomas E. Bowman and Dr. Harald A.

Rehder for criticizing the manuscript, and Mr. Jack

R. Schroeder for final preparation of illustrations from

my camera lucida drawings.

Family CYPRIDINIDAE

Genus Paravargula Poulsen, 1962

It is necessary to expand slightly the description of the

genus given by Poulsen (1962, p. 202) to include the

2 new species described herein.

CARAPACE.—The caudal process of P. nanipollex is

narrow.

MAXILLA.—The alpha- and beta-bristles of the 1st

endopodite joint and the b-, c-, and d-bristles of the

2nd endopodite joint of P. nanipollex are without

marginal spines.

SEVENTH LIMB.—The jaw opposite the comb bears

a single tapered tooth on each side in P. digitata and 2

teeth on each side in P. nanipollex.

Paravargula nanipollex, new species

FIGURES 2, 3

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 125499, valves and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on slide,

2 with 7 eggs in marsupium.

PARATYPE.—USNM 125500, valves and appendages

in alcohol, $ with 1 egg in marsupium.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Holotype and paratype from same

sample, Station M-10, Sacol Island, Zamboanga Province, Philippines, Lat. 06° 56' N, Long. 122° 11' E,

water depth 1-2 m, sandy mud flat near mangrove

area, corals abundant.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name "nanipollex" from

the Latin "nanus" = a dwarf, and "pollex" = thumb,

refers to the small size of the thumb-like process on the

protopodite of the 5th limb.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace oval with

prominent rostrum, fairly deep incisur and narrow

caudal process (Figure 2a). Anterior edge of rostrum

with 2 bristles (Figure 2c) ; narrow process below ventral bristle on right valve only (Figure 2c) ; slight bulge

present along margins of both valves immediately below incisur (Figure 2d).

Infold: Behind rostrum and below incisur with

numerous bristles (Figure 2d) ; anteroventral list with

42 bristles on left valve and 38 on right of holotype,

about half of these being double bristles and hirsute.

List of caudal process with numerous minute bristles

(Figure 2b) ; single fairly long bristle present at ventral end of list of left valve only.

Pore canals: Numerous pore canals present around
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 2.—Paravargula nanipollex Kornicker, USNM 125499, adult $, carapace: a, complete

specimen, length 1.64 mm; b, caudal process left valve, medial view; c, rostrum right valve,

medial view; d, anterior left valve, medial view. Second antenna: e, left exopodite joints 2—9,

all bristles not shown, lateral view; /, left endopodite and bristle of protopodite, medial view.

Mandible: g, right limb, medial view; h, distal end left limb, medial view. Right maxilla, lateral

view: i, tip showing proximal part of 3 a-bristles; /, limb showing exopodite; k, tip showing end

bristles. Same scale in microns: b, d, g; c, e, f, j ; h, i, k.
NUMBER 3 9

anterior, ventral and posterior margins, some terminating on valve edge as minute pores (Figure 2b).

Selvage: With smooth margin present along anterior and ventral margins, broadest in area of incisure;

double selvage present along ventral margin (Figure

2d).

Size: Holotype, length 1.64 mm, height 1.04 mm.

Paratype (shell distorted), length 1.64 mm, height

0.98 mm.

First antenna: Second joint with short spines forming clusters on medial surface and ventral and dorsal

margins; 3rd joint short with short bare ventral bristle,

slightly longer dorsal bristle with few spines, and row

of short spines on medial surface; 4th joint with short

ventral bristle and longer spinous dorsal bristle; Sensory bristle of 5th joint with 9 long proximal filaments

and 4 short distal filaments; medial bristle of 6th joint

bare or with few spines; a-bristle bare, shorter than

bristle on 6th joint; d- and e-bristles bare, slightly

shorter than sensory bristle of 5th limb.

Second antenna: Protopodite with spinous medial

bristle; endopodite 1-jointed with 4 proximal bristles,

FIGURE Z.—Paravargula nanipollex Kornicker, USNM 125499, adult $ : a, 5th limb, anterior

view; b, left 6th limb, medial view; c, right 6th limb, medial view; d, terminus of right 7th limb;

e, left lamella of furca, lateral view; /, lateral eye, all ommatophores not shown; g, medial eye

and rod-shaped organ; h, upper lip; t', tip of right tusk of upper lip, lateral view. Same scale in

microns: a-c; e-i.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

2 short bare, 2 longer spinous, and 1 long sensory filament (Figure 2/). Exopodite (Figure 2e) : joints 3-9

with basal spines; bristle of 2nd joint with few ventral

and dorsal hairs both proximally and near tip and with

about 6 ventral spines; bristles of joints 3 to 8 with natatory setae; blade-like spines present near middle

of ventral margins of bristles on joints 3 and 4; 9th

joint with 4 bristles, 2 long, 1 medium, 1 short; long

and medium bristles with natatory hairs, short bristle

with few spines.

Mandible (Figure 2g, h) : Spinous coxale endite

with small bristle at base. Ventral margin of basale with

4 a-bristles, 3 medial, 1 lateral, 1 minute b-bristle or

process at end of muscle, 2 bare c-bristles, and 1 long

spinous d-bristle. Dorsal margin of basale with 1 bristle

near center and 2 subterminal. First endopodite joint

with 4 ventral bristles, 1 very short. Second endopodite

joint: ventral margin with 2 single and 1 pair of

spines, all smooth and slender; dorsal margin with 9

long and 14 short bristles, only 1 of short bristles pectinate. End joint with 3 claws and 3 or 4 bristles; 3

small teeth observed on central claw of each limb;

small bulb-like process on ventral corner of end joint

of left limb of holotype.

Maxilla (Figure 2i-k) : Coxale with plumose

bristle; 1st and 2nd endites each with about 6 bristles;

3rd endite with 6 bristles, 1 proximal, 5 distal; exopodite rather long with 3 bristles, short proximal bristle

and outer terminal bristle spinous, inner terminal

bristle bare. Endopodite: tooth of 1st joint triangular;

2-alpha-bristles and 2 beta-bristles present, both bare;

2nd joint with 3 bare a-bristles; all bristles and clawlike bristles of 2nd joint bare (Figure 2A;).

Fifth limb (Figure 3a) : Protopodite with fairly

small process (Figure 3a). Outer lobe of 3rd joint

with 2 bare bristles; inner lobe with 1 spinous proximal

bristle and 2 bare terminal bristles; 4th and 5th joints

united and with total of 4 bristles; no process present

between 2 pairs of bristles of 4th and 5th joints; joints

3 to 5 hirsute. Epipodial appendage with about 52

bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 3b, c) : 4 bristles in place of epipodial appendage, one slightly longer than others;

endite i with 3 or 4 bristles; endite n with 4 bristles;

endite m with 5 bristles; endite iv with 5 or 6 bristles;

one of terminal bristles on endites n, in, and rv quite

short. End joint with 15 to 16 bristles; gap without

bristles present between posterior 5 bristles and remaining bristles; next-to-last bristle about three-fourths

length of posterior bristle; medial surface and lateral

ventral margin of end joint hirsute.

Seventh limb: Each limb with 21 bristles 6 + 6 in

distal group and 5+ 4 in proximal group; each bristle

with 1-7 bells; comb with about 15 teeth, proximal

teeth with square tips; jaw opposite comb with 2 small

teeth on each side (Figure 3d).

Furca (Figure 3e) : Each lamella with 10 claws,

2nd claw united with lamella; claw 5 slightly stouter

than claw 4.

Upper lip (Figure 3h, i): Unpaired anterior part

with about 6 angular pegs; paired posterior part with

about 3 pegs followed by elongate process with

rounded tip.

Medial eye and rod-shaped organ (Figure 3g):

Medial eye large, pigmented. Rod-shaped organ pearshaped with vague protuberance at tip.

Lateral eye (Figure 3/): Eye well developed with

about 28 ommatophores.

Eggs: Brood chamber of holotype with 7 welldeveloped eggs with black eyes; paratype with 1 welldeveloped egg.

Comparisons: The carapace of P. nanipollex, new

species, is smaller than that of previously described

species and does not have a prolonged caudal process.

The morphology of the upper lip, the armature of the

jaw on the 7th limb, the small size of the finger-like

process on the protopodite of the 5th limb, and the absence of spines on the b-, c-, and d-bristles on the 2nd

joint of the endopodite of the maxilla are also distinguishing features.

Paravargula digitata, new species

FIGURES 4-6

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 125539, valves and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on slides,

juvenile $ .

PARATYPE.—USNM 125540, undissected in alcohol,

juvenile (instar ?ra), length 1.05 mm, height 0.60 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Holotype and paratype from

same sample, Station M-lla , mangrove area in the

vicinity of Balimbing Point, Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, Lat. 05°05' N, Long. 119°58' E,

sandy mud bottom, water depth 1-2 m.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name "digitata" from

the Latin "digitatus" = digitated, refers to the digitate

processes on the list of the caudal process.
NUMBER 3 9

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE.—Carapace with

fairly deep incisure and extended caudal process, surface smooth (Figure 4a, b).

Infold (Figure 4c-e) : Infold posterior to rostrum

with 10 bristles forming row parallel to anterior margin ; 4 or 5 bristles present posterior to row and 2 bristles present at inner end of incisure (Figure 4e) ; infold

along anteroventral margin with 28 bristles on right

valve and 34 on left valve of holotype, anterior 4 or 5

bristles single and without spines, remaining bristles

double and with spines on longer bristle of the two; list

on infold of caudal process with about 25 digitate processes (Figure Ac) ; bristle present on infold near ventral

end of list.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation present along anterior and ventral margin, broadest in vicinity of incisure ; double prolongation present along ventral margin; inner layer about half width of outer and with

serate margin.

Pore canals: Canals numerous along anterior and

ventral margins and margin of caudal process, most

canals terminating in pore or slender hair near valve

edge.

Size: USNM 125539, holotype, length 1.89 mm,

height 1.02 mm.

First antenna: Second joint with short spines forming clusters along ventral margin; 3rd joint short with

2 bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal; 4th joint with 2 short

FIGURE 4.—Paravargula digitate Kornicker, USNM 125539; juvenile $, carapace: a, complete

specimen, length 1.02 mm; b, same, dorsal view, anterior to left; c, caudal process left valve,

medial view; d, segment of anteroventral margin of right valve, medial view; e, anterior left

valve, medial view. Second antenna: /, joints 2-9 left exopodite, lateral view, most bristles not

shown; g, detail of joints 8 and 9 right limb without bristles; h, detail of bristle on exopodite 2nd

joint; i, left endopodite and bristle of protopodite, medial view. Same magnification in microns:

c,e,f;d,i;g,h.

356-606 O - 70 - 2
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal; Sensory bristles of 5th joint

with 7 long proximal filaments and 3 short distal filaments; 6th joint with usual medial bristle; a-bristle

slightly longer than bristle on 6th joint; b-bristle with

4 spinous filaments, length of bristle about two-thirds

length of sensory bristle of 5th joint; d- and e-bristles

bare, longer than b-bristle; c-, f-, and g-bristles equal

in length and with short spinous filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 4/-i) : Medial bristle of

protopodite with few marginal spines; endopodite with

FIGURE 5.—Paravargula digitata Kornicker, USNM 125539, juvenile $ : a, detail of tooth of

left maxilla; b, 2nd and 3rd endopodite joints of left mandible, medial view; c, detail of proximal

bristles on dorsal margin of b; d, detail of tip of b; e, bristles on proximal part of ventral margin

of left mandible, medial veiw; /, coxale endite of mandible; g, distal part 5th limb, posterior

view; h, tip 7th limb; i, right lamella of furca (tip of 4th claw broken) and copulatory organs;

j , anterior of body showing, medial eye, rod-shaped organ and upper lip; *, lateral eye, ommatophores not shown. Same magnification in microns: a, c-e, h; b, i-k; f, g.
NUMBER 39

long stout filament and 4 bristles, 2 fairly long and 2

short. Exopodite: bristle of 2nd joint reaching 7th

joint, with 4 or 5 ventral spines and smaller dorsal

spines; bristles of joints 2 to 8 with natatory hairs;

ventral hairs near middle of bristles of 3rd and 4th

joints, shorter than proximal and distal hairs and

spine-like; 9th joint with 4 bristles, 1 short, 1 medium,

2 long; short bristle bare, others with natatory hairs;

joints 3-9 with basal spines; spine on 8th joint about

3 times length of 9th joint.

Mandible (Figure 5b-f) : Coxale endite large,

spinous, with 2 stout pectinate spines at tip and small

process between them. Basale: ventral margin with 4

a-bristles, 3 medial, 1 lateral, 2 c-bristles with small

process proximal to them, and 1 long spinous d-bristle;

dorsal margin with 3 bristles, 1 near middle, 2 subterminal. Exopodite with short distal and long proximal

bristle and several spines on prolonged tip. Endopodite: Ventral margin of 1st joint with 4 bristles: 2 long

and 2 short, shortest of latter bristles bare, remaining

bristles spinous. Dorsal margin of 2nd joint with 3

proximal bristles, 1 short, pectinate, 2 long, and 7 bristles near middle (Figure 5b); medial surface with 7

oblique rows of spines. Ventral margin of 2nd joint

with single proximal spine and pair of distal spines,

medial spine shorter than lateral spine. End joint with

4 bristles and 3 claws, medial and dorsal claws

pectinate.

Maxilla: Coxale with plumose bristle. Exopodite

with 3 bristles: proximal bristle plumose and close to

terminal bristle; outer of 2 terminal bristles plumose.

Endopodite: 1st joint with triangular tooth, 2 alphaand 2 beta-bristles (Figure 5a); outer alpha-bristle

with short marginal spines; outer beta-bristle pectinate.

End joint with 4 bare a-bristles, 3 b-, 2 c-, and 3 dbristles, all pectinate.

Fifth limb (Figure 5g): Epipodial appendage

with 41 plumose bristles. Prodopodite with elongate

process slightly bending and widening at tip. Third

endite with stout pectinate bristle and 5 smaller bristles.

Main tooth with 5 pectinate teeth, 1 peg, and proximal

bristles. Third joint of exopodite with 2 bristles on

outer lobe and 3 on inner lobe. Fourth joint not separated from 5th, each with 2 bristles.

Sixth limb: First endite with 2 proximal and 2 terminal bristles; 2nd endite with 2 proximal and 2 terminal bristles, 1 quite short; 3rd endite with 1 proximal

and 5 terminal bristles; 4th endite with about 7 bristles; end joint with 13-14 spinous bristles, next-to-last

bristle about three-fourths length of last bristle; lateral

surface and medial ventral margin of end joint hirsute;

3 bristles in place of epipodial appendage.

Seventh limb (Figure 5h): Limb with 21 bristles,

proximal group with 11 bristles, 6 on one side, 5 on

other; distal group with 10 bristles, 5 on each side; each

bristle tapering distally and with 1 to 4 bells. Terminal

comb with about 15 teeth, proximal 5 teeth on each side

subequal in length and with square tips, remaining

teeth longer and all with square tips except longest

middle tooth. Jaw opposite comb with 1 stout tooth on

each side.

Furca (Figure 5£): Each lamella with 9 claws;

claw 5 stouter than 4th claw (on holotype, claw 4 on

each lamella broken at tip, and 9th claw missing on

left lamella); each claw with teeth along concave

margin; claw 1 with about 6 medial teeth near tip.

Rod-shaped organ and medial eye (Figure 5;):

Rod-shaped organ pear-shaped; medial eye well

developed.

Lateral eye (Figure 5k): Eye well developed with

about 31 ommatophores.

Upper lip (Figure 5;): Anterior elongate rather

transparent anterior lobe present. Posterior paired part

with elongate tapering tusk followed by short lobe occupying anterior half.

Copulatory organ (Figure 5t) : Organ with 2 unequal lobes, shorter lobe with 3 short bristles.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE (instar ?ra).—Carapace

similar in lateral outline to juvenile male described

above but with deeper incisure (Figure 6a, b);

FIGURE 6.—Paravargula digitate Kornicker, USNM 125540,

instar ?III: a, complete carapace, length 1.04 mm; b, anterior

right valve, lateral view; c, dorsal process on posterior of body;

d, upper lip, lateral view, anterior to right; e, 7th limb. Same

magnification in microns: b—e.
10

USNM 125540, length 1.04 mm, height 0.60 mm. Sixth

limb with several bristles on end joint. Seventh limb

without bristles or terminal comb (Figure 6e). Furca

with 7 claws on each lamella; 2nd claw not separated

from lamella by suture; 5th claw longer and stouter

than 4th, dentition of claws similar to that on claws

of juvenile male described above. Upper lip also similar

to that of juvenile male. (Figure 6d). Posterior differs

from juvenile male in having spined thumb-like dorsal

process (Figure 6c). Lateral eye well developed.

COMPARISONS.—Paravargula digitata, new species,

differs from previously described species of the genus

in having digitate processes on the list of the caudal

process. The caudal process is more pronounced than

that of P. nanipollex, new species. The incisur is more

deeply indented than that of P. hirsuta Poulsen (1962,

p. 204). The carapace of P. digitata resembles in lateral

outline that of P. ensifera Pouken (1962, p. 211),

which is also found in the Philippines, but the upper

lip of the latter species does not have an elongate lobe

on the anterior unpaired part and the comb and jaw

of the 7th limb are quite different.

Genus Skogsbergia Poulsen, 1962

This genus is represented in the collection by an adult

male and female from Station M-5 and a juvenile

instar (stage in) from Station M-9. A new species

is established herein for the 2 specimens from Station

M-5. Because of its immaturity it is not possible to

identify with certainty the specimen from Station M-9.

Dimensions of the juvenile (USNM 125660) are

length 0.96 mm, height 0.62 mm.

Skogsbergia menezi, new species

FIGURES 7-9

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 125497, valves and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on slides,

adult .," .

PARATYPE.—USNM 125498, 9 from same sample

as holotype. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station M-5, coral

reefs southwest of Botic Island, Salcedo, Samar Province, Philippines, Lat. ll°05' N, Long. 125°39'E,

10 Sept. 1967, water depth 1 m.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named after its collector, Dr. Ernani G. Menez.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE.—Carapace with broad rosSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

trum, fairly shallow incisur, and narrow but well-defined caudal process (Figure la).

Ornamentation: Surface smooth without pits.

Inferior corner of rostrum with small projection (Figure 7e). (Preserved specimen has radial markings

caused by distribution of cells between shell and

vestment.)

Infold: Area behind restrum with 8-9 bristles in

row paralleling anterior margin and additional bristles

as shown in Figure 7b. Infold along anteroventral margin with 29 double bristles on right valve and 24 on

left; longer of double bristles broad, spinous. Infold of

caudal process with list having indistinct protuberances

(Figure 7 c, d); bristle present at ventral end of list of

left valve.

Selvage: Broad selvage with smooth edge present

along ventral and anterior margins; selvage broadening and overlapping in region of incisur (Figure

76). Selvage along ventral margin consisting of inner

layer with fringed edge and outer layer about twice

width of inner layer.

Size: USNM 125497, length 1.49 mm, height

0.88 mm.

First antenna (Figure 7/) : Third and 4th joints

each with 2 short bare bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal;

sensory bristle of 5th joint with 9 long proximal filaments, 3 short distal filaments with marginal spines,

and 1 very short smooth filament near tip; 6th joint

with bare dorsal bristle. Seventh joint with a-, b-, and

c-bristles: a-bristle about same size as bristle on 6th

joint, bare or with few short spines; b-bristle with sucking disk on short stout proximal filament; 2 following

filaments each with 2 small suckers; and 2 distal filaments with marginal spines; c-bristle with sucker disk

having diameter 1.3 times larger than that on b-bristle;

following 2 filaments each with 2 small suckers; following filaments with few marginal spines. Eighth joint

with d-, e-, f-, and g-bristles: d- and e-bristles bare,

shorter than b-bristle; f- and g-bristles stout, each with

dense plumage of proximal hairs and numerous distal

filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 7g-i) : Protopodite with

short medial bristle; endopodite 1-jointed with 1 long

sensory-type bristle and 4 short bristles, 1 of which is

longer than remaining 3. Exopodite: joints 4-9 with

basal spines, basal spine on joint 4 minute, spine on

joint 8 more than 4 times the length of joint 9; some

basal spines with few marginal teeth; bristle of 2nd

joint hirsute proximally and with 4 or 5 blade-like
NUMBER 39 11

ventral spines and same number of dorsal hairs distally;

remaining bristles with natatory hairs, some bristles

also with blade-like marginal spines; 9th joint with 4

bristles, dorsal bristle short spinous.

Mandible (Figure lj, k) : Coxale endite spinous

with 2 larger terminal spines with small peg between

them; small bristle present at base of endite; dorsal

margin of basale with 1 bristle near middle and 2 terminal; ventral margin of basale with 3 short a-bristles,

1 short b-bristle, 3 shorts c-bristles, and 1 long spinous

FIGURE 7.—Skogsbergia menezi Kornicker, USNM 125497, adult $, carapace: a, complete

specimen, length 1.49 mm; b, anterior right valve, medial view; c, caudal process right valve,

medial view; d, caudal process left valve, medial view; e, rostrum right valve, lateral view. Appendages: /, distal end first antenna, distal ends of bristles not shown; g, joints 7-9 exopodite

2nd antenna, bristles not shown; h, segment proximal to middle of bristle on 4th joint of exopodite of left 2nd antenna; i, endopodite and bristle of protopodite of right 2nd antenna; j , right

mandible, medial view; k, detail of end joint of ;. Same scale in microns: b-e, j ; f, i; g, h, k.
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 8.—Skogsbergia menezi Komicker, USNM 125497, adult $ : a, maxilla; b, detail of

tooth on a; c, right 5th limb, posterior view; d, 1st and 2nd endopodite joints of right 5th limb,

posterior view; e, left 6th limb, medial view; /, distal part of left 7th limb; g, right lamella of

furca and copulatory appendage, lateral view; h, anterior of body showing medial eye, rodshaped organ and upper lip; i, detail of right copulatory appendage, lateral view; /, lateral eye.

Same magnification in micron: a, e, i; b-d, f; g, h.
NUMBER 39 13

d-bristle; ventral margin of 1st endopodite joint with

4 bristles, 2 long and 2 short; exopodite reaching about

three-fourths length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite

joint and with long proximal and short distal bristle;

dorsal margin of 2nd endopodite joint with 7 long and

10 short bristles, short bristle following 2 proximal

long bristles coarsely pectinate, others bare; ventral

margin with 2 single spines followed by 1 pair of spines;

end joint with 3 claws and 4 bristles, claws pectinate

proximally along concave margin (seen best under oil

immersion).

Maxilla (Figure 8a, b) : Endite i with 11 bristles;

endites n and ra with fewer bristles; coxale with

plumose bristle; exopodite broad with 3 bristles; 1st

endopodite joint with 2 alpha- and 2 beta-bristles,

longest beta-bristle pectinate; end joint with 4 bare abristles; 3 d-bristles strongly pectinate.

Fifth limb (Figure 8c, d) : First exopodite joint

with 3 anterior bristles; main tooth with usual triangular proximal tooth, 6 pectinate teeth and proximal spinous posterior bristle; 2nd exopodite joint with 3 stout

pectinate a-bristles, 2 b'-bristles, 4 b"-bristles, and 1

spinose c-bristle; 3rd joint with 3 bristles on interior

lobe and 2 on exterior lobe; 4th and 5th joints not separated by suture; combined joints with 4 bristles divided into 2 pairs; low protuberance present between

each pair; outer lobe of 3rd joint and 4th + 5th joints

hirsute. Epipodial appendage with about 52 bristles.

Protopodite with usual anterior elongate sclerotized

process.

Sixth limb (Figure 8e) : Two bristles in place of

epipodial appendage on left limb, 3 on right limb; endite i with 2 short medial bristles and 2 terminal bristles; endite n with 2 short medial bristles and 2 terminal bristles, 1 long and 1 short; endite m with 5

bristles; endite rv with 7 bristles; end joint with 14

bristles, of these the 2 posterior bristles are longer and

more hirsute than others; medial surface and lateral

ventral margin of end joint hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure 8/) : Each limb with 18 to

20 bristles, 9-12 in distal group and 8 or 9 proximally;

each bristle with 1-6 bells; terminal comb with about

11 teeth, proximal teeth with square tips; jaw opposite

comb with 2 small teeth. (Each limb is rather short

and forms coil on each side of body.)

Furca (Figure 8g) : Each lamella with 8 claws;

claw 2 united with lamella, claw 5 stouter than claw

4, each claw with teeth along concave margin. (Tips

of claws 1, 2, and 5 broken on specimen examined.)

Rod-shaped organ and medial eye (Figure 8h) :

Rod-shaped organ small, ovate with protuberance at

tip. Medial eye large with pigmented central region.

Lateral eye (Figure 8;) : Large, black in preserved

specimen, with about 32 ommatophores.

Upper lip (Figure 8h) : Lip with unpaired

anterior and paired posterior parts and without tusks.

Anterior process: Tip of protuberance between

medial eye and upper lip bifurcate (Figure 8h).

Copulatory organ: Each organ with small spines

and bristles (Figure 8g, i).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Shape of carapace differs from male in having less pronounced caudal process (Figure 96).

Ornamentation: Small projection on inferior

corner of rostrum slightly larger than that on carapace

of male.

Infold: Area behind rostrum with more bristles

than on male (Figure 9a). Infold along anteroventral

margin with about 28 double bristles, the longer bristle

of the two, spinous (Figure 9c). List on infold of caudal

process with minute spines (Figure 9b). Bristle present

at ventral end of list on infold of caudal process of left

valve as on male. Bristles present on vestment proximal

to anteroventral infold.

Selvage: Similar to that of male (Figure 9a).

Size: USNM 125498, shell extremely distorted, approximate length 1.61 mm; approximate height

0.98 mm.

First antenna: Second joint with spines in clusters

along dorsal and ventral margins and on medial surface; ventral and dorsal bristle on 3rd and 4th joints

longer than on male; sensory bristle of 5th joint similar

to that on male; b- and c-bristles without sucker disks;

f- and g-bristles without numerous slender proximal

filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 9d, e): Similar to that

of male, except for medial bristle of protopodite and

2 bristles of exopodite which are longer.

Mandible (Figure 9A:) : Similar to male except

teeth not observed on dorsal claw of end joint.

Maxilla and fifth limb: Similar to that of male.

Sixth limb: Four bristles in place of epipodial

appendage on each limb; endites i-m with same number of bristles as on male; end joint with 14 bristles on

left limb and 13 on right.

Right 7th limb: Limb not coiled as on male; 16

bristles present, 10 distal, 6 proximal; comb with few

more teeth than in that of male; jaw opposite comb
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with row of 4 small teeth on one side of jaw and 3

on other side (Figure 9;).

Medial eye, rod-shaped organ (Figure 9t), upper

lip (Pigure 9;) : In general, similar to male.

Furca (Figure 9g) : Same number of claws as on

male.

Lateral eye: About two-thirds diameter of male

(Figure 9h).

DISCUSSION OF SEXUAL DIPMORPHISM.—As the male

and female in the collection were in the same sample

and many of their appendages are similar, they are

considered to be conspecific. The female contained

small unextruded eggs within its body, which indicates

that it is either an adult or in the penultimate stage

of development. The first antennae have the usual

sexual differences. Differences between the sexes that

may be unusual are the presence of a much larger

number of bristles on the infold of the rostrum of the

female, the presence of many more teeth on the jaw

opposite the comb of the 7 th limb of the female, and

the presence of more bristles in place of the epipodial

appendage of the 6th limb of the female. Because only

a single specimen of each sex was collected it is not

possible to investigate the variability of these features.

COMPARISONS.—S. menezi, new species, is very

closely related to Skogsbergia curvata Pouken (1962,

FIGURE 9.—Skogsbergia menezi Kornicker, USNM 125498, $, carapace: a, anterior left valve,

medial view; b, caudal process left valve, medial view; c, segment anteroventral margin right

valve, medial view. Second antenna; d, endopodite and bristle of protopodite; e, segment of

bristle on 3rd exopodite joint, ventral side to left. 7th limb and furca: /, terminus of 7th limb.

g, right lamella of furca, lateral view. Anterior of body: h, lateral eye, ommatophores not shown;

i, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; j , upper lip. k, central lateral claw on end joint of right

mandible. Same magnification in microns: a, b, g, h-j; c, d; e, f, k.
NUMBER 3 9 15

p. 167). The latter species was quite abundant in collections examined by Poulsen from the Kex Islands

near the Philippines. Some of the differences between

males which lead me to establish a new species for

the Philippine specimens are listed in Table 4.

Skogsbergia minuta Poulsen (1962, p. 164) also has

been reported from the Kei Islands. It is smaller than

S. menezi, new species, and has fewer bristles on the

6th limb.

TABLE 4

1st antenna: number of filaments on

sensory bristle of 5th joint (long

proximal filaments-short distal

filaments)

ratio of diameter of sucker on cbristle to that on b-bristle

number of small suckers on filaments of b- and c-bristles

Mandible: number of pectinate

claws on end joint

6th limb: number of bristles on end

joint

7th limb: number of teeth on jaw

opposite comb

S. curvata*

7-3

>2:1

3

0

18

0

S. menezi

9-4

1.3:1

2

3

14

2

•Data on S. curvata is based on description and figures by

Poulsen (1962).

Genus Cypridinodes Brady, 1902

Cypridinodes species

FIGURES 10-12

MATERIAL.—USNM 125659, juvenile.

LOCALITY.—Station M-9, Great Santa Cruz Island,

Zamboanga Province, Philippines, water depth 1 m,

Lat. 06°52' N, Long. 122°04'22" E.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE.—Carapace oval in lateral view with small caudal process (Figure 10a) ; ventral and anterior margins of rostrum joining to form

acute tip; small lateral process present on each side

of rostrum (Figures 10c, d, f; lla, 6) ; right valve with

lunate process on anterior margin below incisur (Figures 10a1

-/; lie , d) ; central muscle scars consisting of

about 19 small individual scars (Figure 106) ; valve

surface scale-like with scattered normal pores and mi356-606 O - 70 - 3

nute hairs (Figures 10a1, g) ; prolongation of selvage

with smooth margin except behind lunate process of

right valve where margin bears long spines (Figure

10<?). Size of carapace, USNM 125659: length 1.24

mm, height 0.88 mm.

First antenna: Dorsal margin of 2nd joint spinous;

3rd joint shorter than 4th joint and with single dorsal

bristle; pigmented cells extending through 2nd and 3rd

joints; 4th joint with 2 terminal bristles, 1 ventral

1 dorsal; sensory bristle of 5th joint with 6 long proximal filaments and 3 short distal filaments; 6th joint

with 1 terminal bristle on dorsal margin; d- and e-bristles bare, shorter than sensory bristle of 5th limb; bbristle with 3 filaments, 2 proximal filaments with marginal spines; marginal spines present on filaments of

remaining bristles.

Second antenna: Protopodite with short medial

bristle (Figure 10k). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure

10k) : 1st joint with 2 short bare proximal bristles and

1 longer distal bristle; 2nd joint without bristle; 3rd

joint with long terminal filament. Exopodite with single

basal spines on joints 2 to 8 and double lateral spine

on 9th joint (Figure 10*) ; joints 2-8 with short spines

forming row along distal margins; bristle of 2nd joint

with 7 stout ventral spines and few slender dorsal

spines (Figure 10;); long bristles of joints 3-8 with

natatory hairs; 9th joint with 4 bristles, 1 short, 1

medium, 2 long, short bristle spinous, remaining bristles with natatory hairs; joint 1 with slender spines

along dorsal margin.

Mandible: Spinous coxale endite with 2 fairly

stout terminal spines and small bristle near base (Figure 10m). Ventral margin of basale with 2 short a-bristles, no b-bristle, 1 short and 1 long c-bristle, 1 short

and 1 long d-bristle (Figure 10/); dorsal margin of

basale with 1 long bristle with short marginal spines

distal to middle of margin and 2 shorter spinous terminal bristles. Exopodite about same length as dorsal

margin of 1st endopodite joint and with 2 subterminal

bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 ventral bristles,

2 long, 1 short; ventral margin of 2d joint with 1

spine distal to middle of margin and pair of subterminal spines, medial spine of pair longer and broader

than lateral spine (Figure lOn) ; slender hair-like

spines present along ventral margin; dorsal margin of

joint with 7 medium-to-long bristles and 3 short pectinate bristles. End joint with usual medial and lateral

claw and in addition 1 dorsal bristle is claw-like;

medial and lateral claws with small teeth along middle
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIOURE 10.—Cypridinodes species, USNM 125659, juvenile, carapace: a, complete specimen,

length 1.24 mm; b, central muscle scars left valve, lateral view; c, anterior left valve, lateral view;

d, anterior right valve, lateral view; e, anterior right valve, medial view; /, anterior right valve,

lateral view; g, scale-like surface ornamentation, right valve near valve middle above central

muscle scars, lateral view, anterior to right; h, caudal process right valve, medial view. Appendages: i, exopodite and distal part of endopodite of right 2nd antenna, lateral view; j , bristle on

2nd exopodite joint of left 2nd antenna, ventral margin towards bottom; k, endopodite and

bristle of protopodite of left limb, medial view; /, ventral margin of basale of left mandible,

medial view, distal end to right m, coxale endite of left mandible, medial view; n, 2nd and 3rd

endopodite joints of left mandible, medial view. Same magnification in microns: c, f; d, e, g;

h, i; j-n .
NUMBER 39 17

of concave margins; 3 additional bristles and small

ventral spine also present on end joint (Figure lOn).

Maxilla: Typical for genus. Exopodite thumb-like,

about one-fourth length of 1st endopodite joint.

Fifth limb (Figure \2a-c) : Exopodite: 1st joint

with 3 anterior bristles, 1 short, 2 long, spinous; main

tooth consisting of peg and only 4 pectinate teeth;

spinous bristle present proximal to peg (peg may have

small spine near tip). Second joint with 3 pectinate

a-bristles, 3 pectinate b'-bristles, 4 pectinate b"-bristles;

proximal teeth of b"-bristles larger than distal teeth

(Figure 12b); 1 spinous posterior bristle present on

distal margin proximal to b'-bristles, bristle with long

proximal and short distal spines; long spinous anterior

bristle present near middle of distal margin. Third

joint: inner lobe with 3 bristles, none with long spines;

outer lobe with 2 bristles, lobe hirsute. Fourth + 5th

joints not separated by suture, each joint with 2 bristles. Epipodial appendage with 48 bristles. Endites i, n,

and in each with 5 or 6 bristles.

Sixth limb: Two bare bristles present in place of

epipodial appendage; endite i with 1 long spinous terminal bristle and short medial bristle with long proximal spines;, endites n, ni, rv with 3 terminal bristles,

2 long spinous, 1 very short bare, and 1 short proximal

bristle with long proximal spines; short terminal bristle

of endites n, ni, iv located between long bristles. End

joint elongate, tapering distally, shape typical for genus; proximal ventral margin with 5 bristles, 3 short

with short marginal spines, 2 longer with wreaths of

long hairs proximally and short marginal spines distally; distal tip of joint with 2 long hirsute bristles; 2

short spinous bristles present on medial side near bases

of the 2 hirsute bristles at tip. Medial surfaces of endites i-m and end joint and ventral margin of end

joint hirsute. No bristles present on distal three-fourths

of ventral margin of end joint.

Seventh limb (Figure \2d) : Terminal comb with 5

teeth and spines proximally; movable jaw with inward

pointing spines along distal margin; 2 bristles present

on each side of jaw, each tapered and with 1 bell.

Furca (Figure 12*) : Each lamella with 5 claws;

claw 2 united to lamella, remaining claws separated

from lamella by suture; each claw with teeth along

posterior concave margin; lateral row of teeth on claw

1 consisting of large teeth alternating with several

smaller teeth proximally and large teeth distally; medial row of teeth on claw 1 consisting of large distal

teeth; anterior margin of lamella and medial surface

at base of claw 1 with slender spines or hairs.

FIGURE 11.—Cypridinodes species, USNM 125659, juvenile

carapace:a, anterior left valve, lateral view; b, rostrum left

valve, lateral view; c, anterior right valve, medial view;

d, crescent shaped process below incisure of right valve, medial

view. Same scale in millimeters: a, c; b, d. (Both scales on

figures equal 0.1 mm.)

Upper lip (Figure \2g) : Lip consisting of unpaired anterior part and posterior pair of spinous tusks

followed by lobes with 4 or 5 triangular processes.

Rod-shaped organ and medial eye: Rod-shaped

organ lemon-shaped with small protuberance at tip

(Figure 12/) : Medial eye normal for genus.

Lateral eyes: Large with 15 ommatophores in lateral view.

Posterior of body: Weakly undulate in lateral view

(Figure \2h).

Genitalia: Undeveloped.

REMARKS.—This species is probably new, but is not

named formally because the available specimen is a
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 12.—Cypridinodes species, USNM 125659, juvenile: a, left 5th limb, posterior view;

b, b " bristles of 2nd exopodite joint of left 5th limb, posterior view; c, endites of left 5th limb;

d, terminus of 7th limb; e, left lamella and claw 1 of right lamella of furca; /, medial eye and

rod-shaped organ; g, upper lip, anterior to left; h, posterior of body. Same scale in microns:

a-d; f-h.

juvenile in an early stage of development. The species

belongs in Poulsen's B-group (Poulsen, 1962, p. 280),

which is comprised of 3 species: Cypridinodes asymmetrica (Miiller, 1906), Cypridinodes galatheae Poulsen, 1962, and Cypridinodes minuta Poulsen, 1962.

The Philippine species differs from C. asymmetrica in

having the 2nd claw of the furca united to the lamella.

It differs from C. minuta in having a large lunate process on the anterior margin below the incisure of

the right valve. The spines on the margin of the lamellar prolongation of the selvage medial to the lunate

process of the right valve are much longer on Cypridinodes species than they are on C. galatheae.

Monod (1932, p. 6, figs. 7-10) identified ostracods

from the Indopacific area as Cypridina asymmetric

Miiller {—Cypridinodes asymmetrica). The surface of

his specimens have scale-like structures similar to those

on the specimen I have described. It is not possible to

ascertain from the description and illustrations whether

his specimens are conspecific either with the species

described by Muller (1906) or that identified as C.

asymmetrica by Poulsen (1962, p. 297). Monod described a mature male. It apparently differs from the

species described in the present paper by having 2

instead of 3 joints on the endopodite of the 2nd antenna and in that the 2 distoventral spines on the 2nd

joint of the endopodite of the mandible are equal in

length.

The shape of the carapace of this species resembles
NUMBER 3 9

that of Cypridina elongate Brady ( = Cypridinod.es

bairdii) described by Brady (1866) from the South

China Seas, but the carapace of that species is coarsely

punctate, not scale-like, and the 2nd claw of the furca

is separated from the lamella.

Family CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE

Subfamily CYLINDROLEBERIDINAE

Two juveniles from Station M—9 are not sufficiently

mature to assign to genus. The dimensions of the larger

specimen (USNM 125661) are length 0.63 mm, height

0.36 mm; the length of the smaller specimen (USNM

125662) is 0.47 mm.

Genus Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868

Cylindroleberis variabilis, new species

FIGURES 13, 14

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 125625, valves and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on slides,

9 with 6 eggs in marsupium.

PARATYPES.—USNM 125626, adult $ ; USNM

125627, juvenile $, length 0.80 mm (undissected);

USNM 125628, juvenile $ (N-l stage), length 1.23

mm, height 0.61 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station M-10, Sacol Island,

Zamboanga Province, Philippines, Lat. 06°56' N,

Long. 122° 1T E, water depth 1-2 m, sandy mud flat

near mangrove area, corals abundant. USNM 125626

and 125627 from same sample as holotype.

OTHER LOCALITIES.—USNM 125628 from Station

M-13, Cang-Alwang, Eiquijor Island, Negros Province, Philippines, Lat. 09° 13' N, Long. 123°30' E,

reef flat, water depth 1-3 m.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name "variabilis" refers

to the variability in the number of midbristles on the

dorsal margin of the basale of the mandible and in the

number of dwarf bristles on the basale endite of the

mandible.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace elongate with

smooth surface and scattered minute pores and hairs

(Figure \3a-c) ; anterior rounded with deep incisur

slightly below valve middle; posterior rounded without

caudal process.

19

Infold: Infold behind anterior margin broad with

numerous bristles (Figure 13/). Posterior and posteroventral infold broad with list along inner margin bearing about 24 transparent flap-like bristles and 10 small

bristles; approximately 6 transparent flap-like bristles

present between posterior list and posterior margin of

valve (Figure 13g). Ventral and posteroventral infold

with about 15 bristles between ventral edge of valve

and inner margin of infold; posterior 5 or 6 of the 15

longer than others (Figure 13 h).

Size: Holotype, USNM 125625, length 1.37 mm,

height 0.64 mm, height as percent of length 46; USNM

125626, length, 1.40 mm, height 0.62 mm, height as

percent of length 44.

First antenna: Medial surface of 1st and 2nd joints

hirsute; 2nd joint with short distolateral bristle and

spinous dorsal subterminal bristle; 3rd joint with short

bare ventral bristle and 6 long dorsal bristles, all with

short or long spines; 3rd and 4th joint not separated by

distinct suture except near ventral and dorsal margins;

4th joint with long dorsal bristle with short marginal

spines and 1 long and 1 short distoventral bristle (Fig.

ure I3i) ; sensory bristle with short proximal dorsal

filament and 6 long terminal filaments; medial bristle

of 6th joint with short marginal spines; a-claw bare

except for few broad vague teeth along distoventral

margin; -8th joint without d-bristle and with bare

e-bristle; f-bristle at right angles to stem, with 5 interior spinose filaments and spines along distal anterior

margin.

Second antenna: Protopodite with neither medial

bristle nor marginal spines. Endopodite 3-jointed with

terminal bristle about twice length of stem (Figure

13/). Exopodite: bristle of 2nd joint with numerous

short slender ventral spines (Figure 13/:) ; bristles of

joints 3 to 8 with proximal ventral spines and natatory

hairs; 9th joint with 4 bristles, 2 short, 2 long with

proximal ventral spines and natatory hairs; joints 4 to

9 with basal spines (Figure 13;).

Mandible (Figure 13m) : Tip of ventral branch

of coxale endite with 2 stout teeth; small bristle present

on dorsal branch near base of ventral branch (Figure

13n). Basale endite with glandular peg, 4 spinous end

bristles and 3 triaenid bristles with 2 to 3 pairs of marginal spines; 1-2 dwarf bristles present at base of endite; 1 short tapered bristle present proximal to Ushaped glandular opening near ventral margin of basale

(bristle triaenid type on $. para type); dorsal margin

of basale with 0 to 1 short bare midbristle and 2 long
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Cylindroleberis variabilis K,«mcker, carapace: a, complete specimen, length 1.37

mm; b, complete specimen, length, 1.40 if1TM;

 c> complete specimen, length 1.23 mm; d, muscle

scars right valve, lateral view; e, detail of surface hairs, left valve, lateral view; /, anterior right

valve, medial view; g, posterior left valve> medial view; h, posteroventral infold right valve,

medial view: Appendages: i, end joints ri£ht Umb> medial view, distal parts of sensory bristle not

shown; ;, joints 7-9 of exopodite left 2nd antenna, medial view, bristles not shown; *, bristle on

2nd joint left 2nd antenna; Z, endopodite lcf t 2n d antenna; m, left mandible, medial view;

n, coxale endite of left mandible, medial view-

 Sam e

 magnification in microns: e, g, h, m; i-1, n.

[a, f-n, from USNM 125625, adult 9 ; b> *> fro m USNM 125626, adult 9 ; c, d, from USNM

125628, juvenile &.]
NUMBER 39 21

FIGURE 14.—Cylindroleberis variabilis Kornicker: a, right maxilla, medial view; b, comb of 5th

limb, not all bristles shown; c, anterior left 6th limb, medial view; d, posterior right 6th limb,

lateral view; e, right lamella of furca, lateral view; /, furca, posterior, and genitah'a; g, genitalia

and brushlike organ; h, anterior of animal showing lateral eye, medial eye, rod-shaped organ

and lips, ommatophores of lateral eye not shown; i, gill-like organs and furca showing only first

and last claws. Same scale in microns: a, c-e, g; f, h. [a-h, from USNM 125625, adult 8 ; t, from

USNM 125626, adult ?].
22

terminal bristles (holotype with midbristle on left mandible and none on right; $ paratype without midbristle). Exopodite short with 2 small subterminal

bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin of 2nd joint with 1 medium

and 2 long terminal bristles, all with spines; dorsal

margin of 2nd joint with 1 short proximal bristle and

stout a-, b-, c-, d-bristles, c-bristle stouter than others,

d-bristle with marginal spines; short spinous bristle

present between b- and c-bristles; medial surface with

5 spinous bristles forming row near base of c-bristle; 1

short bristle present on medial side near base of dbristle; 1 long spinous bristle present on lateral side

near base of c-bristle. End joint with short dorsal claw

with small spines along ventral margin, 3 stout bristles

and 2 slender bristles, all with marginal spines (see

Table 5).

TABLE 5.—Distribution of bristles on basale

Number of midbristles

on dorsal margin of

basale

Number of dwarf bristles

on basale endite

Ventral bristle with

tapered tip (T) or

triaenid type (U)

Holotype

(USNM

125625)

left right

limb limb

1 0

1 1

T T

Paratype

(USNM

125626)

left right

limb limb

0 0

2 2

U U

Maxilla (Figure 14a) : First endite with 3 long

and 1 short bristle; 2nd endite with 3 long bristles;

epipodial appendage rather short and with hirsute tip;

dorsal margin of basale hirsute, with short proximal

and distal bristle; ventral margin of basale with short

proximal bristle and long spinous terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with minute bare anterior bristle

and long bare beta-bristle; end joint with bare terminal

bristle slightly longer than beta-bristle.

Fifth limb: Lateral surface of comb with long

spinose bristle, 2 short bristles near base of long bristle

and 4 short bristles near ventral margin (Figure 146) ;

distal bristle but one longer than others.

Sixth limb (Figure 14c, d) : Upper bristle of anSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

terior margin slender with few faint marginal spines;

lower bristle fairly stout, spinous. Anteroventral margin with 4 spinous bristles; posteroventral margin with

16 spinous bristles; posteroventral corner evenly

rounded; anterior, posterior, anteroventral margins including lateral flap, hirsute; medial surface proximal

to horizontal bar with spines forming clusters.

Seventh limb: Twelve bristles present: 6 in distal

group, 3 on each side; 6 in proximal group, 3 on each

side; each bristle with 3 to 5 bells. Terminus with opposing combs, each comb with about 15 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure \4e,f) : Each lamella with 10 claws,

posterior 2 or 3 secondary; primary claws pectinate

along posterior margin, few larger teeth being separated by series of smaller teeth; most claws with slender

distal spines along anterior margin; claw 1 with 6-8

minute proximal teeth along posterior margin. Claw

1 of right lamella more slender than claw 2, but on

left lamella both claws same width. Fused posterior

margin of lamellae forming ventral process, ornamented with short spines.

Medial eye and rod-shaped organ (Figure I4h):

Medial eye large pigmented. Rod-shaped organ weakly

2-jointed, broadest near middle, rounded at tip.

Lateral eye (Figure I4h) : Eye well developed with

numerous ommatophores.

Upper lip (Figure I4h) : Rounded with ventral

hairs; a posterior flap with hirsute margin present on

each side.

Brush-like organ (Figure 14 g) : Organ consisting

of about 8 minute bristles dorsal to genitalia.

Genitalia (Figure 14/,, g) : Consisting of U-shaped

sclerotized process, 1 on each side.

Posterior (Figure 14/) : Dorsum rounded, hirsute.

COMPARISONS.—Cylindroleberis variabilis, new species, resembles Cylindroleberis grimaldi (Skogsberg,

1920), Cylindroleberis grimaldi vicina (Skogsberg,

1920), and Cylindroleberis nodulifera (Poulsen,

1965). Its carapace differs in having large transparent

flap-like bristles on the infold betwen the list and posterior margin of each valve. C. grimaldi, C. grimaldi

vicina, and C. nodulifera have only broad pores in that

location. C. variabilis also has only 4 anteroventral

bristles on the 6th limb compared to 7 on C. grimaldi

and C. grimaldi vicina. C. variabilis also differs from

C. nodulifera in not having a node on the 5th joint of

the 1st antenna and in having 4 bristles on the 1st endite of the maxilla.
NUMBER 39

Genus Tar aster ope Poulsen, 1965

Parasterope zamboangae, new species

FIGURES 15, 16

HOLOTYPE—USNM 125561, valves and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on slides,

$ with 10 eggs in marsupium.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station M-10, Sacol Island, Zamboanga Province, Philippines, Lat. 06°56' N, Long.

122° 11' E, 19 Sept. 1967, water depth 1-2 m, sandy

muddy flat near mangrove area.

ETYMOLOGY.—Specific name from Zamboanga

Province where specimen was collected.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace oval in lateral

view with greatest height near middle; anterior and

posterior evenly rounded (Figure 15a) ; anterior with

slit-like incisur below shell middle. Size of holotype:

length 1.21 mm, height 0.80 mm, height as percent of

length 66.

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with about 7

bristles along list, 3 bristles below list and about 39

bristles above list (Figure 15d) ; area below incisur

with about 32 bristles; about 18 bristles present on infold along ventral margin; infold along posterior margin with list bearing about 20 broad transparent flaplike spines (Figure 15c); spines separated by small

bristles on posterior part of list; area between list and

posterior margin of carapace with about 15 bristles on

ventral half of infold.

First antenna (Figure 15*) : Second joint with

spines in clusters along ventral and dorsal margins and

along distal medial margin; dorsal bristle of 2nd joint

with long spines along anterior margin decreasing in

length distally along margin; lateral bristle short with

a few faint spines near tip; 3rd joint with short ventral bristle and 6 dorsal bristles, 5 with long spines, 1

with short spines; 4th joint with 2 short ventral bristles,

1 long spinous dorsal bristle and short spines along ventral margin; lateral suture between 4th and 5th joints

faint and deeply concave; medial suture distinct and

also deeply concave; sensory bristle of 5th joint with 6

filaments, 5th and 6th filaments with common stem;

medial bristle of 6th joint long spinous. Seventh joint:

a-claw with about 40 minute teeth along middle of

concave dorsal margin (Figure 15/) ; b-bristle with

2 short proximal filaments and 3 long distal filaments;

c-bristle with 5 marginal filaments. Eighth joint (Figure 15h) : d-bristle represented by small stump; e23

bristle bare, longer than a-claw; f-bristle at right angles

to joint, with 4 marginal filaments; g-bristle with 5

marginal filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 15g, i): Protopodite with

short medial bristle, spines forming clusters on medial

surface and dorsal margin, minute spines along ventral margin. Endopodite not strongly jointed, with long

terminal bristle. Exopodite: basal spines well developed, spine on 8th joint not quite as long as 9th joint;

bristles of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint and with

numerous hairs along ventral margin; bristles on joints

3 and 4 with proximal ventral spines and long natatory

hairs; bristles of joints 5 to 8 with natatory hairs; 9th

joint with 4 bristles, 1 short bare, 1 medium with short

spines, 2 long with natatory hairs.

Mandible (Figure 15;) : Short bristle with few

marginal spines present at base of ventral branch of

coxale endite; ventral branch with spines forming 4

rows and slender tip with 3 slender spines and 1 short

dorsal spine (Figure 15/) ; ventral margin of dorsal

branch with series of nodes and short main spine (Figure 15k) ; margin distal to main spine spinous; long

bristle present dorsal to main spine. Basale endite with

4 bristles with 6 to 9 pairs of stout proximal marginal

spines and numerous slender distal spines, and 3 triaenid bristles with up to 6 pairs of marginal spines. Ventral margin of basale near endite with additional triaenid bristle with 3 pairs of marginal spines; single dwarf

bristle at base of endite. Dorsal margin of basale with

short bare midbristle and 2 terminal bristles wida few

spines; medial surface of basale with few clusters of

faint spines. Exopodite about three-fourths length of

dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint and with 2 short

bristles and hirsute tip. Ventral margin of 1st endopodite point with 3 long spinous bristles. Dorsal margin

of 2nd endopodite joint with 1 short proximal bristle,

bare a-bristle, b-bristle with a few spines along middle

of dorsal margin, c-bristle with spines along middle of

ventral margin and a few spines along dorsal margin,

d-bristles with spines at middle of both ventral and dorsal margins; long bristle present between b- and c-bristles. Three short spinous medial bristles present distal

to base of b-bristle; 6 spinous medial bristles present

forming row proximal to base of c-bristle; 1 spinous

medial bristle present at base of d-bristle; 1 long spinous lateral bristle present at base of c-bristle. Ventral

margin of 2nd endopodite joint with 3 terminal bristles. End joint with dorsal claw and about 5 bristles;

claw with about 16 rather flat teeth along ventral mar-
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

50

FIGURE 15.—Parasterope zamboangae Kornicker, USNM 125561, adult 9, carapace: a, complete

specimen, length 1.21 mm; b, central muscle scars right valve, lateral view; c, posterior left valve,

medial view; d, anterior left valve, medial view. Appendages: e, left 1st antenna, medial view,

all bristles not shown; /, detail of dorsal claw on end joint of "e", lateral view; g, joints 6-9

exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view, bristles not shown; h, bristles on 8th joint of left

1st antenna, lateral view; i. protopodite, endopodite, and 1st joint of exopodite of left 2nd antenna,

medial view; ;, left mandible, medial view, all bristles not shown; k, dorsal branch of coxale

endite of mandible; I, tip of ventral branch of coxale endite of mandible; m, dorsal claw of left

mandible, medial view. Same magnification in microns: c—e; f—h, k-m; i, j.
NUMBER 39 25

gin and about 5 flat teeth near tip on dorsal margin

(Figure 15m).

Maxilla (Figure 16a): Proximal endite of right

maxilla with 3 long and 1 short bristle (Figure 16b);

same endite of left maxilla with only 3 long bristles;

distal endite with 3 long bristles. Basale with proximal and distal dorsal bristle; ventral margin with short

bare proximal bristle and long spinous distal bristle

(spines very faint); dorsal margin with thin spines

forming row. Endopodite: 1st joint with short dorsal

bristle and long terminal bristle, both bare; 2nd joint

with long bare terminal bristle. Tip of epipodial appendage hirsute.

Fifth limb: Epipodial appendage with 56 bristles.

Comb (Figure 16c): dorsal margin bare; distal tip

with fairly long faint hairs; bristles of ventral margin

longer near distal end. Exopodite consisting of 1 long

and 6 short bristles: long bristle spinous and extending

past tip of comb; 1 short bristle near base of long bristle,

others located near ventral margin of comb; bristle

FIGURE 16.—Parasterope zamboangae Kornicker, USNM 125561, adult 9 : a, right maxilla,

lateral view; b, endites of left maxilla, medial view; c, comb of 5th limb, all bristles not shown;

d, right 6th limb, lateral view; e, anterior of body showing medial eye, rod-shaped organ and

upper lip; f, posterior of body showing proximal 6 claws of left lamella of furca. Same magnification in microns: b, c; d-f.
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

next to most distal of short bristles about twice length

of remaining 5 short bristles and with few distal spines.

Sixth limb (Figure I6d): Each limb with 11 to 12

spinous posteroventral bristles; anterior corner with 2

bristles; anterior margin of lateral sole with long

hairs and 2 short slender bristles; anterior margin of

limb hirsute and with upper and lower bristle; posterior and ventral margins and medial surface of limb

hirsute.

Seventh Hmb: Terminal with opposing combs,

each with 11 spinous teeth; 6 bristles present in proximal and distal groups, each with 3 to 4 bells.

Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws followed by 3

short bristles (Figure 16/); all claws with teeth along

concave margins; claw 1-3 with hairs along distal convex margin.

Rod-shaped organ and medial eye (Figure 16g) :

Rod-shaped organ elongate, 1-jointed and with round

tip. Medial eye large pigmented with a few dorsal hairs.

Upper lip (Figure I6e) : Lip helmet-shaped with

long ventral hairs and short posterior hairs; 1 or 2

small anterior spines present.

Lateral eye: Eye well developed with about 19

ommatophores.

Posterior (Figure 16/) : Hirsute (details could not

be discerned on prepared specimen.)

Eggs: Ten eggs present in marsupium of holotype.

COMPARISONS:—Parasterope zamboangae differs

from P. obesa Poulsen, 1965, P. muelleri (Skogsberg,

1920), P. pectinata Poulsen, 1965, P. skogsbergi Poulsen, 1965, P. jenseni Poulsen, 1965, P. corrugata Poulsen, 1965, P. longungues Poulsen, 1965 P. pollex Kornicker, 1967, P. Curta (Skogsberg, 1920) and P. ohlini

(Skogsberg, 1920), in having a midbristle on the dorsal

margin of the mandibular basale. With the exceptions

of P. muelleri, P. curta, and P. longungues, the above

species also differ from P. zamboangae in not having

small spines along the dorsal margin of the a-claw of

the 1st antenna. Parasterope nana Poulsen, 1965, and

Parasterope aberrata (Skogsberg, 1920) differ from P.

zamboangae in having fewer bristles on the end joint

of the 6th Hmb.

Parasterope mckenziei, new species

FIGURES 17, 18

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 125670, valves and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on slides,

9 with 7 well-developed but unextruded eggs in body.

PARATYPE.—USNM 125671, valves and most appendages in alcohol, mandible on slide, 9 with minute

?eggs within body (probably N-l instar), length 0.87

mm, height 0.62 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station M-5, coral reefs southwest

of Botic Island, Salcedo, Samar Province, Philippines,

water depth 1 m, Lat. 11 °05' N, Long. 125°41' E. Paratype from same locality as holotype.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named after Dr. Kenneth G. McKenzie.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace with greatest

height posterior to middle; anterior and posterior evenly rounded; anterior with slit-like incisur below shell

middle (Figure 17 a). Size of holotype (USNM

125670) : length 1.14 mm, height 0.78 mm, height as

percent of length 68.

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 2 or 3 bristles

along list, 6 bristles below list and about 26 bristles

above list; area below incisur with about 29 bristles

(Figure 17c?) ; infold along posterior margin with list

bearing about 22 broad transparent flap-like spines and

15 small bristles (Figure 17c); area between list and

posterior margin of carapace with about 21 bristles:

8 bristles on dorsal half of infold, 13 bristles on ventral

half.

First antenna: First joint with spines forming clusters on lateral surface near posterior margin; a spinous

bulbous process present distolaterally (Figure I7e);

2nd joint with spines along dorsal margin and distolateral margin; lateral bristle with a few faint spines near

tip. Dorsal bristle of 2nd joint and bristles of 3rd joint

similar to those on P. zamboangae. Fourth joint with

long spinous dorsal bristle, 2 ventral bristles, and spines

along ventral margin (Figure 17/) ; shorter of ventral

bristles almost reaching distal margin of 6th joint, longer of ventral bristles reaching past end of limb. Sensory

bristle of 5th limb with 6 filaments; medial bristle of

6th joint spinous, about equal in length to a-claw of

7th joint. Seventh joint: a-claw with lateral and medial row of minute spines near dorsal margin; bbristle stout with 4 marginal filaments; c-bristle with

5 short marginal filaments; bare d-bristle reaching end

of sensory bristle on 5th joint; e-bristle not present, but

represented by minute protuberance; f-bristle at right

angles to limb, with 4 marginal filaments; g-bristle

with 5 marginal filaments. Margin between 4th and

5th joints concave.

Second antenna (Figure 18£): Limb essentially
NUMBER 39 27

same as that on P. zamboangae. Bristle on endopodite

reaching to about 8th joint of exopodite.

Mandible (Figure 18a) : Short slender bristle present at base of ventral branch of coxale endite; ventral

branch with slender spines forming 3 rows and tip with

2 slender spines and 1 or 2 shorter spines (Figure I8d);

ventral margin of dorsal branch with series of nodes

and spines and short main spine; margin distal to

main spines spinous (Figure 18c); dorsal bristle

near tip of branch with faint marginal hairs. Basale

endite with 4 end bristles with up to 4 pairs of stout

marginal spines proximally and numerous slender disFIGURE 17.—Parasterope mckenziei Kornicker, USNM 125670, 9 carapace: a, complete specimen, length 1.14 mm; b, central muscle scars left valve, lateral view; c, posterior left valve, medial

view; d, anterior left valve, medial view. Appendages: e, 1st joint of 1st antenna, lateral view,

anterior to right; /, distal end of 2nd joint of right 1st antenna showing bristles of 4th joint;

g> a—claw of right 1st antenna, lateral view, ventral margin to right. Same magnification in

microns: c, d; e-g.
28

tal spines, and 3 triaenid bristles with up to 4 pairs

of marginal spines; 1 dwarf bristle and small peg present at base of endite. Ventral margin of basale with

additional triaenid bristle with 4 marginal spines. Dorsal margin of basale with cluster of spines near middle

(Figure 18b); additional clusters numerous on medial

surface; 2 long spinous bristles present terminally. ExSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

opodite about equal in length to dorsal margin of 1st

endopodite joint and with 2 short bristles and hirsute

tip. Ventral margin of 1st endopodite joint with 3

long spinous bristles. Dorsal margin of 2nd endopodite

joint with 1 short proximal bristle, a-bristle with a few

spines along dorsal margin, b-bristle with a few spines

along dorsal margin and many along ventral margin.

FIGURE 18.—Parasterope mckenziei Kornicker, USNM 125670, $ appendages: a, left mandible,

medial view; b, detail of dorsal margin of basale of mandible shown in a; c, dorsal branch and

tip of ventral branch of coxale endite of right mandible, medial view; d, ventral branch of coxale

endite and bristle at its base of left mandible, medial view; e, claw of end joint of right mandible,

medial view; /, maxilla; g, anterior of left 6th limb, lateral view; h, right 6th limb, medial view;

i, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, distal part not shown; ;, lateral eye, k, medial eye and rodshaped organ; I, lips; m, posterior and proximal 3 bristles of right lamella of furca. Same

magnification in microns; a, f; b-e, i; g, h, j-m.
NUMBER 3 9 29

c- and d-bristles with spines along ventral margin;

obristle slightly stouter than other bristles; bristle about

equal in length to c-bristle present between b- and

c-bristles. Two short spinous medial bristles present

forming transverse row proximal to base of c-bristle;

1 long spinous bristle present near base of d-bristle; 1

long spinous lateral bristle present between base of

c- and d-bristles. Ventral margin of 2nd endopodite

joint with 3 long spinous terminal bristles. End joint

with dorsal claw and 5 bristles; claw with teeth along

concave ventral margin and near tip of dorsal margin (Figure 18e).

Maxilla (Figure 18/) : Proximal endite with 4

bristles, 3 long, 1 short; distal endite with 3 long bristles.

Dorsal margin of basale with proximal and distal

bristle; ventral margin with medium proximal bristle,

short bristle distal to middle, and long spinous terminal

bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with short dorsal bristle

and long ventral bristle, both bare; 2nd joint with

long spinous terminal bristle. Surface of basale, including dorsal margin, and tip of epipodial appendage

hirsute.

Fifth limb: Limb similar to that of P. zamboangae.

Epipodial appendage also with 56 bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 18g, h) : Each limb with 22

spinous posteroventral bristles: 5 posterior bristles with

long marginal hairs; 17 anterior bristles with long

hairs proximally and short spines distally. Anterior

corner with 2 bristles. Anterior margin with upper

and lower bristle. Anterior, ventral, and posterior

margins, and medial surface hirsute.

Seventh limb, furca, rod-shaped organ (Figure

18&) medial and lateral eyes (Figure 18;), posterior

(Figure 17m) : Similar to that on P. Zamboangae.

Furca: Each lamella with 7 claws follows by 3

short bristles; all claws with teeth along concave

margins; claws 1-4 with hairs distally along convex

margin.

Upper and lower lips (Figure 18/) : Upper lip

helmet-shaped with long ventral hairs and 2 minute

anterior spines on each side. Lower lip consisting of

2 flaps with marginal hairs.

Eggs: Seven large unextruded eggs in ovaries.

COMPARISONS.—This species differs from the preceding species, P. zamboangae in not having a midbristle

on the dorsal margin of the mandibular basale and

having in its place several slender spines. It also differs

in having longer ventral bristles on the 4th joint of

the 1st antenna and in having bristles present in the

dorsal half of the space between the list and the

posterior margin of the caudal process. The spinosity

of the basale also distinguishes this species from

P. muelleri and P. ohlini.

Literature Cited

Brady, G. S.

1866. On New or Imperfectly Known Species of Marine

Ostracoda. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 5:359-393, plates 57-62.

1880. Report on the Ostracoda Dredged by H.M.S.

Challenger during the Years 1873-1876. In

Report Scientific Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger . . . Zoology, 1(3): 1-184, plates 1-44.

1902. On New or Imperfectly-Known Ostracoda, Chiefly

from a Collection in the Zoological Museum,

Copenhagen. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 16(4): 179-210, plates 21-25.

Dana, J. D.

1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum Quae in Orbis Terrarum

Circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes E. Vlasse

Republicae Federatae Duce, Lexit et Descripsit

Jacobus D. Dana, Pars II. Proceedings of the

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2:9—61.

1853. Crustacea. In United States Exploring Expedition

during the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842,

under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N.,

XIV (2)-.1277-1618.

1855. Atlas "Crustacea. In United States Exploring

Expedition during the Years 1838, 1839, 1840,

1841, 1842, under the Command of Charles Wilkes,

U.S.N., 96 plates.

Kornicker, L. S.

1967. In Bowman, and Kornicker, Two New Crustaceans:

The Parasitic Copepod Sphaeronellopsis monothrix

(Choniostomatidae) and its Myodocopid Ostracod

Host Parasterope pollex (Cylindroleberidae) from

the southern New England Coast. Proceedings of

the United States National Museum, 123(3613):

1-28, figures 1-7, plate 1.

1969. Relationship Between the Free and Attached Margins of the Myodocopid Ostracod Shell. Taxonomy, Morphology and Ecology of Ostracoda, Symposium volume, University of Hull. [In press.]

Monod, Th.

1932. Uber drei indopazifische Cypridiniden und zwei in

Ostracden lebende Krebstiere. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 98 («/a): 1-8, 10 figures.

Miiller, G. W.

1906. Die Ostracoden der Siboga-Expedition. Sibogaexpedite. [Uitkomsten OP Zoologisch, Botanisch,

Oceanographischen on Gelogisch Gebied verzameld

in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899-1900 ... . uitgegeven door Dr. Max Weber] Leiden, E. J. Brill,

publisher, XXX, 40 pages, 9 plates.
3 0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1912. Ostracoda, Das Tierreich: 31, pages VXXXIII+ Sars, G. O.

1-434, 92 figures. 1866. Oversigt Af Norges Marine Ostracoder. ForhandPoulsen, E. M. linger Norsk Videnskabs-Selskabet, I (Christiana) :

1962. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 1: Cypridinfonnes-Cypri- 1-130.

dinidae. Dana Report, 57:1—414, 181 figures. Skogsberg, T.

1965. Ostrocoda-Myodocopa, 1: Cyridinformes-Rutider- 1920. Studies on Marine Ostracods, 1: Cyprindinids,

matidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae. Dana Re- Halocyprids and Polycopids. Zoologiska Bidrag

port, 65:1-483, 156 figures. Fran Uppsala, supplement 1:1-784, 153 figures.
Index

[Names of new species in italics, page numbers of principal accounts in boldface]

aberrata, Parasterope, 26

acuminata, Cypridina, 2

Asterope, 2

asymmetrica, Cypridinodes, 2,18

australis, Cylindroleberis, 2

bairdii, Cypridina, 19

castanea var, rotunda, Macrocypridina, 1, 2

Caulerpa, 1

Codonocera cruenta, 2

goniacantha, 2

polygonia, 2

species, 2

stellifera, 2

suensoni, 2

weberi, 2

corrugata, Parasterope, 26

cruenta, Codonocera, 2

curta, Parasterope, 26

curvata, Skogsbergia, 14, 15

Cylindroleberididae, 2, 3, 19

Cylindroleberidinae, 19

Cylindroleberidinae genus indet., 2

Cylindroleberis, 19

australis, 2

grimaldi, 22

grimaldi vicina, 22

nodulifera, 22

variabilis, 2, 19, 20 (fig.), 21 (fig.), 22

Cypridina, 2

acuminata, 2

bairdii, 19

formosa, 2

lepidophora, 2

luteola, 2

olivacea, 2

punctata, 2

reynaudi, 2

serrata,2

Cypridinacea, 1

Cypridinidae, 2, 3

Cypridinodes, 15

asymmetrica, 2, 18

galatheae, 18

minuta, 18

species, 2, 15, 16 (fig.), 17 (fig.), 18 (fig.)

danae, Gigantocypris, 1, 2

digitata, Paravargula, 2, 3, 6, 7 (fig.), 8 (fig.), 9 (fig.), 10

ensifera, Paravargula, 2, 10

Eucheuma, 1

flaveola, Monopia, 2

formosa, Cypridina, 2

galatheae, Cypridinodes, 18

gibbosa, Philomedes, 2

Gigantocypris danae, 1, 2

goniacantha, Codonocera, 2

grimaldi, Cylindroleberis, 22

hilgendorfi, Vargula, 2

hirsuta, Paravargula, 10

jenseni, Parasterope, 26

lepidophora, Cypridina, 2

longungues, Parasterope, 26

luteola, Cypridina, 2

Macrocypridina castanea var. rotunda, 1, 2

mckenziei, Parasterope, 2, 26, 27 (fig.), 28 (fig.)

menezi, Skogsbergia, 2, 10, 1 (fig.), 12 (fig.), 14 (fig.), 15

minuta, Cypridinodes, 18

Skogsbergia, 15

Monopia flaveola, 2

mudleri, Parasterope, 26, 29

nana, Parasterope, 26

nanipollex, Paravargula, 2, 3, 4 (fig.), 5 (fig.), 10

nodulifera, Cylindroleberis, 22

nuda, Paradoloria, 2

obesa, Parasterope, 26

ohlini, Parasterope, 26, 29

olivacea, Cypridina, 2

Paradoloria nudo, 2

Parasterope, 23

aberrata, 26

corrugata, 26

curta, 26

jenseni, 26

longungues, 26

mckenziei, 2, 26, 27 (fig.), 28 (fig.)

muelleri, 26, 29

nana, 26

obesa, 26

ohlini, 26, 29

pectinata, 26

Parasterope pollex, 26

Parasterope skogsbergi, 26

zamboangae, 2, 23, 24 (fig.), 25 (fig.), 26, 27, 29

Paravargula, 2, 3

digitata, 2, 3, 6, 7 (fig.), 8 (fig.), 9 (fig.), 10

ensifera, 2, 10

hirsuta, 10

nanipollex, 2, 3,4 (fig.), 5 (fig.), 10

31
32

pectinata, Parasterope, 26

Philomedes, 2

gibbosa, 2

Philomedidae, 3

poilex, Parasterope, 26

polygonia, Codonocera, 2

punctata, Cypridina, 2

Pyrocypris, 2

reynaudi, Cypridina, 2

Rutidermatidae, 3

Sarsicllidae, 3

scrrata, Cypridina, 2

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Skogsbergia, 10

curvata, 14, 15

menezi,2,10, 11 (fig.), 12 (fig.), 14 (fig-), 15

minuta, 15

species, 2

skogsbergi, Parasterope, 26

stellifera, Codonocera, 2

suensoni, Codonocera, 2

Vargula hilgendorfi, 2

variabUis, Cylindroleberis 2, 19, 20 (fig.), 21 (fig.), 22

weberi, Codonocera, 2

zamboangae, Parasterope, 2, 23, 24 (fig.), 25 (fig.), 26, 27, 29

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1970 O - 356-606


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