Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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1997-1998 Biennial Report

● US-Japan Bridging Foundation

● culcon

● JUSFC

Japan-United States Friendship Commission 1997-1998 Biennial Report

The Japan-United States Friendship Commission, an independent federal agency dedicated to 

promoting mutual understanding and cooperation between the United States and Japan, 

administers grant programs in the following areas:

-Japanese Studies in the United States 

-Policy-Oriented Research 

-Public Affairs/Education 

-The Study of the United States in Japan 

-The Arts 

-Infrastructure Building

A Message From The Chairman

I am pleased to present the Commission’s Biennial Report for Fiscal Years 1997 and 1998.

The Commission’s original mandate to ensure a vital base of expertise on Japan in the United 

States remains strong and meaningful today, but increasingly, the Commission looks for means to 

project that expertise in ever-wider spheres of activity where doing so will not dilute or distort it. 

One important arena where the Commission has sought to expand the boundaries of expertise is 

the United States Congress, where the Commission’s support of the Legislative Exchange Program 

at The George Washington University expanded this past year to include the leadership of both the 

Congress and the Diet. In the same way, it continues to give high priority to the professional 

dissemination of the results of Commission-supported policy research by experts in universities 

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and research institutes.. In April, 1997, for example, it supported a conference in Washington, DC 

to bring the results of research on deregulation in Japan to the policy community’s attention. The 

conference, organized for the Commission by the Japan Information Access Project, proved a major 

success and has created a model and a standard for the Commission in charting its current and 

future efforts in this area.

In other program areas, the most significant work of the Commission over the past two years is a 

new category called “Infrastructure Building.” Through this, the Commission will support the costs 

of professional staff development to provide national leadership in emerging areas of education and 

exchange. The model for this category is the National Coordinating Committee on Japanese Library 

Resources (the NCC), founded jointly with the Japan Foundation in 1991. Its success has 

encouraged the Commission to seek other opportunities to help develop professional leadership in 

such areas as broadcast media, study abroad in Japan and Japanese language education in the 

United States. Infrastructure building is a concept that can be applied across the Commission’s five 

traditional areas of support. We look forward to increased activity in this new venture.

Throughout the period under report, the Commission has continued to support the arts, and 

particularly, the Creative Artists Exchange Fellowship Program, which the Commission operates 

jointly with the National Endowment for the Arts. The artists sent to Japan for half-year residencies 

under this program continue to enrich American cultural life with the insight and techniques they 

bring back upon their return. Over the period of this report, the Commission preserved this 

program with the NEA by sending three artists annually to Japan. I am happy to report that 

beginning with the 1999 fiscal year, we will once again be able to send five artists – the original goal 

of the program. In addition, it is important to note here a significant new priority in the 

Commission’s program of support for the arts, namely, its intention for the foreseeable future to 

support exclusively the exchange of American art and artists to Japan. I encourage interested 

applicants to consult with Commission staff for details of this new priority.

To support even this limited number of priority programs requires significant resources. Over the 

past two years, the Commission has drawn heavily on its funds to maintain even a minimal level of 

activity. At this rate of drawdown, the Commission would reach an untenable financial situation 

early in the next decade. Over the past two years, therefore, the commissioners and staff have 

worked hard to obtain relief from the regulations governing its investment authorities found in the 

Commission’s enabling legislation. Thus, it is perhaps the most significant achievement of my term 

as Chairman of the Commission that the Commission’s legislation was amended by PL 105-277 in 

October, 1998 to allow it to convert its dollar and yen funds freely to achieve maximum return on 

its investments in government issues of the two countries. The success of this legislative effort 

means the Commission will no longer need to draw down on its principal, relying instead on the 

increased revenue this more modern financial authority brings. Readers will find a significantly 

increased account of grant activity in the next biennial report.

Finally, I am pleased to report on the successes of CULCON over the past two years. We have 

instituted a major new program to facilitate the exchange of American undergraduates for study in 
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Japan in new semester- and year-long English-language programs at Japanese national 

universities. Projects funded by the Commission to support this initiative will be found under 

Japanese Studies in both years of this report. In addition, the CULCON Information Access 

Working Group has sought to enhance the flow of information through the Internet to users in both 

countries, especially that relating to bibliographic controls in the library communities in the two 

countries. In this regard, the NCC, mentioned above, has played a seminal role in carrying out 

many of the Working Group’s recommendations. The next CULCON session will be held in 

Okinawa in February, 1999, and I look forward to reporting to you on the results of the forthcoming 

session.

With a permanent staff of only four, the Commission remains one of the smallest and most costeffective independent federal agencies. Its structure – a board of government officials and private 

citizens who serve as a peer review panel – is unique to the federal system. This experiment in 

mixing the strengths of the private sector and of the executive and legislative branches represents 

in my view an excellent example of the current search for effective public/private partnership. This 

record of the Commission’s achievements of the past two years speaks to the success such 

partnerships can produce.

Richard J. Wood

Chairman 

January, 1999

The Japan-United States Friendship Commission, 1997-1998

Chairman:

Vice-Chairman:

Members:

Mr. Burnill F. Clark** 

President, KCTS TV, Seattle

Hon. Joseph D. Duffey* ** 

Dr. Richard J. Wood* ** 

Dean 

Yale Divinity School

Mr. Glen S. Fukushima* ** 

President, 

Arthur D. Little (Japan), Inc.
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Director, United States Information Agency

Mr. Lawrence J. Ellison (from Oct. 1, 1998) 

Chairman and CEO, Oracle Corporation

Hon. William E. Ferris, Jr. 

Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities

Mr. David I. Hitchcock (ending Oct. 1, 1998)* ** 

Senior Associate 

Center for Strategic and International Studies

Hon. William Ivey 

Chairman, National Endowment for the Arts

Mr. Jeffrey M. Lepon** 

Partner, Lepon, McCarthy, White & Holzworth

Hon. David Longanecker** 

Assistant Secretary for Higher Education Programs 

Post-Secondary Education 

US Department of Education

Mr. Thomas E. McLain** 

Partner, Perkins Coie

Hon. Frank H. Murkowski 

United States Senate

Hon. Thomas Petri* 

United States House of Representatives

Hon. John D. Rockefeller IV* 

United States Senate

Hon. Stanley O. Roth** 

Assistant Secretary of State 

for East Asian and Pacific Affairs 

US Department of State

Mr. George H. Takei** 

Actor/Writer 

Los Angeles, CA

Dr. Carol Gluck* ** 

Professor of History 

Columbia University
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Hon. Robert Wise 

United States House of Representatives

Mr. Ira Wolf** 

Director, Japan Relations and Vice President 

Eastman Kodak Company

Staff:

Executive Director 

Dr. Eric J. Gangloff

Assistant Executive Director 

Ms. Margaret P. Mihori

CULCON Program Officer 

Ms. Pamela L. Fields

Secretary 

Ms. Roberta S. Stewart

Head Office:

1120 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 925 

Washington, DC 20005 

Telephone: (202) 275-7712 

Facsimile: (202) 275-7413 

e-mail: jusfc@compuserve.com

Japan Liaison Office:

c/o Program Office 

The International House of Japan, Inc. 

11-16, Roppongi 5-chome 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 

Japan 

Tel. (03) 3470-4611

*Members of the Executive Committee

**Members of CULCON

The Japan-United States Friendship Commission in 1997-98

In compliance with the provisions of PL 94-118, as amended, the Japan-United States Friendship 

Commission is pleased to submit to the President and to the Congress this report on its twenty-first 
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and twenty-second years of operations covering the period from October 1, 1996 to September 30, 

1998, which corresponds to the Federal Fiscal Years 1997 and 1998.

The Japan-United States Friendship Commission is an independent federal agency, dedicated to 

promoting mutual understanding and cooperation between the United States and Japan. In passing 

the Japan-United States Friendship Act (PL 94-118) in 1975 to establish the Commission, Congress 

acknowledged the unique character and great importance of the relationship between Japan and 

the United States, and in particular the need to strengthen its foundation through educational and 

cultural exchange programs at the people-to-people level. It was searching for the means to develop 

the knowledge, the leaders and the friendly associations which in turn would improve the 

likelihood that any problems that might arise on the national level could be resolved on a basis of 

mutual understanding and respect.

To carry out these efforts, the Congress established the Commission, the only federal agency whose 

sole purpose is to promote friendship and understanding with a single foreign country. In the 

Friendship Act, it also appropriated the Japan-United States Friendship Trust Fund, an 

endowment denominated in both yen and dollars with a combined value of approximately $36 

million at the exchange rate then in effect. These two funds represented a portion of the money 

paid by Japan to compensate the United States for post-World War II assistance, and for certain 

public facilities on Okinawa at the time of the reversion of the Ryukyus. The former payment 

became the yen fund, and the latter the dollar fund. The Commission was authorized to invest the 

Fund in government obligations, and to expend the interest earnings, subject to annual 

appropriation thereof, and up to five per cent annually of the principal of the Fund to carry out the 

purposes of the Act. In 1982, the Act was amended to permit the Commission to invest such gifts as 

it may receive and to spend the principal and interest earnings thereof without reference to the 

appropriations process.

Although governmental, the Commission operates much like a private foundation. The Commission 

is composed of a board of eighteen commissioners and a permanent staff of four officers. The board 

of commissioners is divided equally between nine senior representatives of the United States 

government from both the legislative and executive branches, and nine private citizens, including 

the chairman. Of these eighteen, twelve members, including the private citizens and the 

representatives from the Departments of State and Education and the US Information Agency, 

serve ex officio on the Commission by virtue of their appointment to CULCON, a binational 

advisory board to the two governments in educational and cultural affairs. The board’s chief 

responsibility is to manage the Trust Fund, principally by investing it and using the proceeds to 

make grants to institutions in the United States and Japan to develop programs of education and 

cultural exchange.

It does not require special insight to comprehend that the mission given to the Commission 

remains valid. The relationship between Japan and the United States has no counterpart. In sheer 

Background and Overview
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size, in its variety and complexity, and in its mixture of cooperation with competition, friendship 

with rivalry, it stands alone.

The relationship stands, however, on a narrow and fragile base. Obviously, as the history of the past 

fifty years demonstrates, the United States and Japan have much in common in terms of broad 

national objectives. In the short term, each nation has its own objectives and concerns. Moreover, 

the record of that relationship shows that the centuries-old differences in thought patterns, value 

systems, social and economic behavior, decision-making processes and means of communication 

can readily lead to mutual misunderstanding and friction. There is above all a language barrier that 

all too often forces each nation to react to the other through stereotypes. There is a severe 

imbalance in the amount of attention that the media in the two countries devote to each other. 

Finally, there is growing recognition that many of the problems that exist and persist in the 

relationship are not amenable to easy solutions occasioned by enhanced cultural understanding 

alone. New thinking about the relationship and new ways of managing it — based on greater 

understanding of the character and causes of these problems and devised through mutual 

deliberation — are called for.

The Commission today has a new sense of purpose and a more focused program of activity to meet 

the new conditions both of its financial management and of the binational relationship. In 

accordance with its mandate, it continues to address the problems and misperceptions that exist 

between Japan and the United States by funding projects that will lead to greater mutual 

understanding and cooperation. It asks, however, that the projects it supports take cognizance of 

the contemporary relationship and each in its own way contribute back to the public good that PL 

94-118 envisioned and sought to embody in the Commission. Currently it places priority on several 

areas that will directly affect the quality and management of the bilateral relationship, including 

policy research and its dissemination, and programs of education and exchange for Members of 

Congress.

To secure the resources necessary for its operations, the Commission sought and achieved in 1998 

an amendment to PL 94-118 that allows it to convert its dollar and yen funds at will, to achieve the 

best rate of return available in government obligations of the two countries, and to convert the 

interest income into the currency of the other country to carry out its operations. For the two years 

under consideration in this report, the Commission resorted to drawdown of its funds, specifically 

the yen fund, to maintain even a minimally acceptable level of grant-making activity. Up to 1997, 

the Commission had followed a strict policy of no drawdown of funds, limiting support to what 

interest income alone would allow. With the historically low interest rate that came to dominate 

Commission investments in Japanese government bonds, however, it had a very difficult dilemma 

to resolve, beginning in 1997. The origin of the dilemma was found in the language of PL 94-118, 

which required that the dollar and yen funds be kept separate and virtually unconvertible. If the 

Commission limited activity to interest income alone, it could preserve its principal to maintain 

long-term viability, but it risked allowing institutions of long-standing, vital to the national interest 

and unique in character, to collapse if critical Commission funding were to cease.

This was not an easy choice, for those institutions faced with danger would not easily be recreated if 
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allowed to disappear. The commissioners chose to sacrifice Commission principal in the short term, 

knowing that the long-term benefit to national interest would be better met by preserving the 

institutional base of expertise and knowledge on Japan in the United States, and seeking relief from 

the restrictions that prevented the currencies from being freely converted. If there is a story to the 

Commission in these two fiscal years, it is in its effort to obtain relief from the restrictions on its 

investment and financial management authorities, which it did obtain in PL 105-277. Achieving it 

has modernized the Commission’s finances to a great degree and has brought about the desired 

effect of significantly increasing income from the Friendship Trust Fund. The effect of that increase 

should be seen in the next biennial report.

The story of this amendment serves as an interesting footnote to the Commission’s history as well. 

The original of the Commission’s yen fund was GARIOA, a fund provided by the Government of the 

United States to Japan for assistance to help redevelop the economy in the immediate postwar 

period. GARIOA funds were, for example, the first funds available for Japanese scholars to visit the 

United States for training and research at that time, and their repayment by the Government of 

Japan to the United States during the ambassadorship of Edwin O. Reischauer was used in part to 

establish the yen account that ultimately became the Friendship Trust Fund yen account. By 

converting that fund into dollars, rather than spending it down and out, the Commission will be 

able to keep its value intact and thus preserve not only the spirit of GARIOA, but its resources as 

well, for the future.

In the period under consideration, there are two major trends to note in the Commission’s program 

of support for Japanese studies in the United States: vigorous support for the basic institutions of 

Japanese studies; and a new interest in CULCON recommendations related to this field. With its 

overlapping membership with CULCON, the Commission is in an excellent position to initiate 

projects in cooperation with the private sector that will help implement CULCON 

recommendations.

For the past two years, the direction of this fundamental category of Commission activity has been 

dictated by discussions held among the commissioners in spring, 1996, on program priorities. At 

the time, the Commission faced declining interest income, especially in the yen fund, which is 

critical to support of this category. They concluded that the Commission would need to divest itself 

of many of its programs of long-standing in this category if it were to help preserve even a minimal 

number of the basic institutions of Japanese studies in the United States and still have any funds 

available for new initiatives. In April of that year, they published the following announcement:

In the area of Japanese studies, the Commission will in principle provide seed money only to assist 

those start-up projects that have good prospects of converting to a self-funding basis within a 

reasonable period of time. Those projects that the Commission has supported annually on a longterm basis will be treated on a case-by-case basis, within the following guidelines: those that serve 

Program Highlights 

1. Japanese Studies in the United States
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to “retail” the Commission’s general support to the individual scholar and researcher over a broad 

range of disciplines and geographical regions, such as the Northeast Asia Council of the Association 

for Asian Studies, will be given precedence over those that serve only a single discipline, institution, 

project or region.

As a result of these discussions, readers of this report will find that Commission support of 

Japanese studies has been concentrated on four major institutions that serve the field nationwide: 

The Interuniversity Center for Japanese Language Studies in Yokohama; the National Coordinating 

Committee on Japanese Library Resources; the Association of Asian Studies; and the Social Science 

Research Council. These grants serve to support language study, library collection development, 

and basic research in the case of the last two. In the Commission’s judgment, these grants help 

serve to keep the field vital as a whole, and are able to project their services and resources both to 

the highest level, and simultaneously, to the widest level possible of participation by individuals in 

the field.

Even here, the Commission continued to work with these institutions to help them find ways of 

diversifying their sources of support, given the limitations the Commission faced during this period 

on its own funding base. In particular, it worked with the Interuniversity Center to design and 

launch an endowment drive. That initiative has been highly successful and will help the Center 

better tolerate the vagaries in its external funding sources that have made its management 

increasingly difficult.

In new ventures, the Commission worked with two organizations, the Association of American 

Colleges & Universities (AAC&U) and the Association of Teachers of Japanese (ATJ), to help them 

design projects to implement a CULCON priority, the Bridging Project. Since 1993 CULCON has set 

as its foremost priority significantly increasing the number of American undergraduates studying in 

Japan, and the Commission has worked to help create an institutional base to set that priority in 

motion. In the last reporting period, the Commission had worked with the Japanese Ministry of 

Education and the US Department of Education to begin the work of creating English-language 

curriculum at Japanese national universities to expand study opportunities for American 

undergraduates. In this reporting period, the Commission turned its attention to American 

campuses, working with the AAC&U to foster greater interest in study abroad opportunities in 

Japan among the American professorate, and with the ATJ to recruit students for study. This latter 

project, the Bridging Project Clearinghouse at the ATJ, was created under the rubric of the 

Commission’s Infrastructure Building initiative. For its part, the Commission has launched a 

fundraising effort for student scholarships for the Clearinghouse to help move the effort forward.

2. The Study of the United States in Japan

The Study of the United States is a core element of the Commission’s programs as defined in its 

enabling legislation. In its implementation, the Commission looks for guidance and leadership in 
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this field from Japanese colleagues and friends. Of particular interest in this regard was a 

comprehensive survey of the field organized in Japan in 1997 by the International House and 

partially funded by the Commission that outlined current maximizing dollar income in both 

countries as well as building on earlier efforts in the field. This approach is represented by the 

Commission’s grants to both the American Studies Association of the United States (ASA), and the 

Organization of American Historians (OAH), to carry out short-term exchanges for lecturing and 

consultations between their members and members of the Japanese Association of American 

Studies (JAAS). By arranging extensive opportunities for graduate students in Japan to establish 

personal contacts with ASA and OAH members, the plan looks forward to the nurturing of a new 

generation of American studies scholars in Japan. Even more so, by arranging for JAAS members 

to lecture in classrooms and consult with graduate students in the United States, the ASA has 

converted the Commission’s long-term support of its exchange program into a truly exciting and 

innovative approach to the field. Future plans call for opening the exchanges of lectures and 

consultations to practitioners from third countries in Asia with encouragement from the 

Commission.

3. Policy-Oriented Research

Since 1990, the Commission has made a concerted effort to take a more active stance vis-à-vis the 

US-Japan relationship and the serious challenges facing both countries in its management through 

placing emphasis on supporting policy-oriented research projects and their professional 

dissemination. In sponsoring policy research projects the Commission intends that the results of 

these research efforts be pertinent to those concerned with Japan in the Congress, various think 

tanks, academia and the media. In this category, the Commission places high priority on projects 

that deal with Japan-US economic, political and security policies. In the period under 

consideration, the Commission also announced interest in projects analyzing trends in Japanese 

society and their implications for bilateral relations. Increasingly, the Commission seeks research 

projects will provide analysis of pertinent issues in the bilateral relationship in broader contexts, 

whether disciplinary, regional or global.

Support of policy research was a high priority for the Commission in the period under report, and 

will remain a high priority for the foreseeable future. Key to its success is dissemination of the 

results, and thus in reviewing proposals to the Commission for support under this rubric, the 

commissioners pay close attention to the quality and feasibility of the dissemination plan. Late in 

1998, the Commission made a grant to the Japan Information Access Project to serve to provide 

professional advice on dissemination to policy research projects supported by the Commission, and 

opportunities at various policy venues in Washington, DC for direct presentation of results by the 

researchers in person.

Key to the dissemination plans of the Commission is the policy conference format. The Commission 

supported two such efforts in this period, the first in April, 1997, and the second in October, 1997, 
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on deregulation in the Japanese economy and on intellectual property rights in Asia respectively. 

Both were based in part on research previously sponsored by the Commission and were organized 

for it by the Japan Information Access Project.

In 1997 the Commission announced priority topics for research on competition policy and on social 

transition and change in Japan. Under the former topic it provided support for a major research 

project directed by Professor Mark Tilton of Purdue University in FY 1998 and looks forward to the 

results of that project and several others in the conference format described above in the 1999 

calendar year. Surprisingly, the topic of social change in Japan has not yet elicited significant 

interest from the research community, and the Commission currently is considering an alternative 

topic of greater salience.

In addition to the projects described above, the Commission supported various projects in security 

issues, increasingly looking at US-Japan security relations in the context of East Asian security 

relations as a whole. Finally, the Commission also supported a project on US-Japan trade relations 

at the Council on Foreign Relations in FY 1998 under the leadership of Senator John D. Rockefeller 

IV and Representative Amo Houghton, to ask what better initiatives the two countries might take 

as trade relations worsen in the late 1990s. This project also will be given a major public 

presentation by its co-chairmen to the Washington policy community in 1999.

A full record of the Commission’s support for policy-oriented research projects for both FY 1997 

and FY 1998 follows in this report. Readers are urged to consult the Commission’s website to link 

directly to the results of many of these projects that are posted on it.

4. Public Affairs/Education

In this category, the Commission endeavors to meet the growing demand for information on Japan 

throughout the United States. The Commission emphasizes projects that disseminate information 

on major issues between the two countries through the creation of public forums and conferences 

for the exchange of opinion and information among professionals and policymakers, and through 

print, broadcast and multimedia outlets in both countries.

The most important event of the past two years in this category was the end of the Gift Fund. The 

Gift Fund was a cooperative effort of the Commission and the Government of Japan to help build 

Japan America societies across the United States. Beginning in 1981, over a span of five years, the 

Government of Japan made several gifts to the Commission totaling five million dollars for this 

purpose. The Commission used these funds at an average of $300,000 annually to help newlyforming societies with seed grants for administrative purposes, and once formed, with grants for 

programs on public and policy aspects of US-Japan relations.

When the Commission began this venture, there were perhaps a total of seven such societies on the 

two coasts. Today, there are more than thirty-five such societies across North America, tied 

together through a vibrant network of mutual programming and shared administrative 

mechanisms, and overseen by the National Association of Japan-America Societies, Inc., (NAJAS). 
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In 1998, with the end of the Gift Fund in sight, the Commission concluded that its historical 

mission in helping establish this network had ended. Future efforts in fundraising and 

organizational development properly belonged to the societies themselves, represented in 

American public life on a national plane by NAJAS. The societies themselves have set a policy of 

converting much of their common administrative tasks and information sharing to the US-Japan 

Links, a shared website belonging to all the societies that the Commission and its Japan 

counterpart, the Center for Global Partnership, have helped support over the past several years.

The Commission lacks the staff and funding to make a major contribution to the complex and 

costly field of media. Thus, beginning in FY 1997, under its “Infrastructure Building” category, the 

Commission worked with KCTS, Seattle, a major PBS programming station, on Japan Connection, 

a clearinghouse for the production and distribution of information on Japan for newly emerging 

multimedia outlets. Now in its second year of operation, the Connection has made considerable 

progress in organizing interactive multimedia conferencing for numerous professional non-profit 

organizations on Japan-related issues, production of educational and business materials on Japan 

for interactive use over multimedia outlets, and plans for two series of documentaries on Japanrelated themes for the broadcast media. Again, as with the NCC under Japanese studies, the 

Commission sees the Japan Connection as an innovative means the Commission can leverage its 

relatively modest resources into programs of truly national impact.

In the area of counterpart exchanges, the Commission placed increased emphasis on support of 

congressional exchanges during the period under report. Of particular note were developments in 

the Legislative Exchange Program, a Commission-supported element of the larger US-Japan 

Economic Agenda of The George Washington University. Over a decade, groups of legislators from 

both the Congress and the Diet met in semiannual meetings to hold direct discussions on issues 

affecting the bilateral relationship and of common interest to both societies. Over time, the two 

groups of core legislators not only came to possess a body of solid knowledge about the political 

process of the other country and of the views and opinions of their counterparts, but they also came 

to form close personal bonds

In 1998, the leaderships of the Congress and the Diet designated this program to help organize a 

more systematic exchange of legislators between the two bodies that would extend to members of 

the leaderships themselves. The core members in both countries took up the challenge and 

designed a program that would preserve the benefits that close personal contact and frank and 

open discussion in a common language had traditionally bequeathed, but that would also allow for 

participation at the highest levels and in more formal settings. The expanded program will begin in 

an experimental phase in 1999, and the Commission has committed the resources necessary on the 

US side to support the expansion. We look forward to the success of this very important initiative.

5. The Arts

The Commission continues to support projects in the arts of the highest merit, with emphasis on 

collaborative projects in contemporary modes. It recognizes that it must take an increasingly 
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selective approach to funding in this field, given pressure in other program areas. However, it 

supports the arts in the firm belief that they can help foster better understanding between the two 

countries at a time when they face increasing strain over trade deficits and other current issues.

In FYs 1997 and 1998 the Commission continued to work closely with the National Endowment for 

the Arts (NEA) and the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs in sponsoring the US-Japan Creative 

Artists Exchange Fellowship Program. The national competition for the fellowships awarded 

annually to American participants is administered by the NEA and draws hundreds of applications 

from established creative artists in a wide range of disciplines. The recipients spend six months in 

Japan, studying Japanese culture and its manifestations in their particular fields. In addition, the 

Commission continued to provide support to the International House of Japan to hire an expert to 

facilitate the program on site. Given the budget constraints in this period, the joint program was 

able to sponsor only three artists annually, but with the beginning of the 1999 fiscal year in 

October, 1998, and with the enthusiastic support of the commissioners, the Commission and the 

NEA once again were able to increase the number to five fellowships annually.

Throughout the 1990s the Commission had given priority to the exchange of American art and 

artists to Japan, especially to major venues outside Tokyo, when all other factors were considered 

equal, but in view of the new infusion of funds from Japan to bring Japanese art to the United 

States, the Commission adopted this priority as its policy in support of the arts, beginning in 1998. 

Fundamental to this policy was a grant that year to the Japanese American Cultural and 

Community Center for the first year of the project “US Arts Export to Japan,” an innovative 

approach to identifying and funding the exchange of American art to Japan through cooperation 

with US state arts councils and boards of trade, and prefectural arts presenters in Japan. The 

Commission anticipates the development of a strong base of presenters in Japan interested in 

exhibiting American performance and visual arts in their venues as this project matures.

In addition, the Commission supported a number of collaborative projects in line with this new 

policy in their developmental and presentation phases in Japan in 1998, in such projects as “The 

1998 SILENCE in Japan Tour,” AN Creative’s presentation of a collaborative work by the American 

choreographer Doug Varone, a presentation of KWAIDAN and a two-week workshop by the Ping 

Chong Company of New York at the Fukuno Culture Center in Toyama and residencies arranged by 

the Atlantic Center for the Arts for American master artists at the Akiyoshidai International Art 

Village in Yamaguchi.

6. CULCON

CULCON (the US-Japan Conference on Cultural and Educational Interchange), a binational 

advisory panel to both governments, serves to focus official and public attention in both the United 

States and Japan on the vital cultural and educational underpinnings of the bilateral relationship. 

Its origins lie in discussion held in 1961 between President John F. Kennedy and Prime Minister 

Hayato Ikeda. In cooperation with the United States Information Agency, the agency with oversight 

for CULCON, the Japan-US Friendship Commission assumed responsibility for US secretarial 
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CULCON continues to serve as a forum for discussions over a broad range of US-Japan educational 

and cultural issues. At the same time, CULCON emphasizes the implementation of 

recommendations. In recent years, CULCON activities have been focused in two areas: 

undergraduate educational exchange and information access.

Since 1993, CULCON’s first priority has been to increase the number of American undergraduate 

students studying in Japan. Based on extensive research, the US CULCON secretariat developed a 

tri-partite, comprehensive approach to this goal: 1) to create appropriate programs for US 

undergraduates in Japan; 2) to develop faculty and curriculum at the United States home campuses 

that will allow students to form a solid base for study both before and after a study abroad 

experience in Japan; and 3) to gather and disseminate the information necessary to inform 

students of opportunities for study abroad in Japan and actively recruit them to do so.

CULCON progress in building English-language curricula at Japanese national universities has 

been outlined in previous Commission biennial reports. By September, 1998, over twenty national 

universities have programs now in operation or under development. This is a striking change from 

a 1993 base of zero programs.

In both 1997 and 1998, the Commission worked to fund CULCON programs on the US side that 

would help increase the flow of students to Japan. In both years it provided the Association of 

American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) funding for projects to help teams of faculty from 

eight colleges and universities undertake a year of directed study of Japan and develop courses and 

course units that will ensure more widespread attention to Japan in the undergraduate curriculum. 

In a similar fashion, it provided funding in both years to the Association of Teachers of Japanese 

(ATJ) for the Bridging Project Clearinghouse, a center for study abroad opportunities in Japan for 

American undergraduate students. Its functions encompass recruitment, information gathering 

and dissemination and the establishment of a network of faculty “champions.” The clearinghouse is 

located at ATJ headquarters at the University of Colorado at Boulder.

A new activity for CULCON in educational exchange in 1998 has been an aggressive campaign to 

raise funds in the US private sector for incentive scholarships for American students going to 

Japan. The goal of the campaign is to raise two million dollars over the next three years. With an 

average $5,000 scholarship per student, this will generate a new wave of study in Japan with an 

additional 400 students. The ultimate goal is to double the number of Americans studying annually 

in Japan on a self-sustaining basis. The work of recruitment and selection will be handled by the 

Bridging Project Clearinghouse.

In information access CULCON has placed priority on the need for increased flow of information, 

especially through the Internet, as a primary means of improving the quality and quantity of 

discourse between the two countries. Beginning with a broad agenda of information issues, 

members of the CULCON Information Access Working Group came to agree that the best means of 

achieving progress in this area would be to focus energies on improving flows of bibliographic and 

functions of CULCON in 1991.
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other library-related sets of data. The Working Group met for a second time in June, 1998 in Tokyo, 

at which meeting the members drafted a set of recommendations on library practices and 

information exchanges between the library and information communities in the two countries. The 

members agreed that talented librarians on both sides act most effectively as the gatekeepers of 

information to the information community as well as the general public.

Breaking with precedent, CULCON will hold its next plenary session outside Tokyo or Washington. 

In February, 1999 CULCON XIX will be held in Naha, Okinawa at the invitation of the Japan 

CULCON Panel. The binational meeting will provide an opportunity to review progress to date and 

to chart a course of action over the coming two years. Discussions will focus on current projects in 

educational exchange and information access, as well as on subjects for future action. Prior to the 

plenary session, the two panels will jointly host a symposium on the topic of national identity and 

cultural interchange in the 21st century. The results of this symposium, to include a wide range of 

views from local experts as well as CULCON members, will be incorporated into planning for future 

directions of CULCON activity.

NOTE: In the listings below, in many cases Commission support met only partial costs of the total 

project.

Grants Awarded in Fiscal Year 1997

October 1, 1996 – September 30, 1997

JAPANESE 

STUDIES IN 

AMERICAN 

EDUCATION

Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

A.
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1.

Language

2.

Libraries

3.

Association of 

American Colleges & 

Universities - for 

support of the project 

“Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development Seminar 

on Japan

Stanford University, 

for the InterUniversity Center for 

Japanese Language 

Studies in Yokohama – 

for advanced Japanese 

language training for 

American graduate 

students

National Coordinating 

Committee on 

Japanese Library 

Resources - for 

continuation and 

expansion of activities, 

and support of the 

National Program for 

Coordinated Japanese 

Library Acquisitions of 

Multi-Volume Sets and 

External User Services 

for 1997-1998

10,000,000

62,075

50,500,000

50,050
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Professional 

Studies

4.

Research

5. Association for 

Asian Studies, 

Northeast

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Committee on 

Japanese 

Economic Studies -

for support of a 

program to train 

specialists on the 

Japanese economy

37,000 3,750,000

Asia Council – for 

the various 

programs the 

Council 

undertakes to 

promote the 

teaching and study 

of Japan in the 

United States

49,105 200,000
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6.

Other

7.

8.

Social Science 

Research Council

– for fellowship 

and administrative 

support for 

advanced research 

on Japan by 

American scholars

Association of 

Teachers of 

Japanese – for 

support of the first 

year of a project to 

establish a 

clearinghouse to 

encourage study 

abroad in Japan by 

American 

undergraduate 

students

Columbia 

University, The 

Donald Keene 

Center of Japanese 

Culture – for 

support of the 

project “The JapanUS Friendship 

Commission Prize 

for the Translation 

of Japanese 

Literature”

80,000 6,000,000

82,017

18,426
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9.

THE STUDY OF THE 

UNITED STATES IN 

JAPANESE 

EDUCATION

Research 

Centers

University of 

California, San 

Diego – for 

support of a 

project 

“Competing 

Moderni- ties in 

Twentieth-Century 

Japan Part II: 

Empires, Cultures, 

Identities, 1930-

1960′′

TOTAL FOR 

JAPANESE STUDIES

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

B.

13,225

$391,898 ¥70,450,000
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1.

Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development

2.

3.

4.

Doshisha University, 

Center for American 

Studies – for support of 

the activities of the 

Center

American Studies 

Association – for the 

second year of support 

of the project “JapanUnited States Dialogues 

Across the Pacific: 

Curriculum, Program, 

and Faculty 

Development for an 

International American 

Studies”

1,067,360

Organization of 

American Historians - 

for support of the project 

“Short-term Residencies 

in Japan for US 

Historians”

University of the 

Ryukyus - for a faculty 

development grant for 

Professor Katsuyuki 

Miyahira, College of Law 

and Letters, to develop 

new curriculum in the 

area of American 

communications at the 

6,000 1,000,000

6,440

5,295 1,465,500

23,017
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Other

5.

6.

University of 

Washington, Seattle

American Studies 

Society of the University 

of the Ryukyus – for the 

participation of Dr. Lee 

Francis in the 18th

annual meeting held in 

Naha

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

International 

House of Japan, 

Inc. – for support 

of the project 

“Survey on 

American Studies 

in Japan”

3,779 140,000

2,300,000
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TOTAL FOR THE 

STUDY OF THE 

UNITED STATES IN 

JAPANESE

POLICYORIENTED 

RESEARCH

1.

EDUCATION

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

C.

Association of Japanese 

Business Studies – for 

support of a panel to 

present Commissionsupported research at 

the tenth annual meeting 

of the Association

$44,531 ¥5,972,860

2,710
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2.

3.

4.

5.

Georgia Institute of 

Technology – for the 

second year of support of 

the project “Deregulating 

Japan’s Health Care and 

Pension Systems”

National Bureau of 

Asian Research – for 

publication of the 

monograph “Act Now or 

Pay Later: A Call for a 

Farsighted Policy 

Toward Japan’s 

Production Network in 

Asia”

University of California, 

San Diego – for the 

second year of support of 

the project “Deregulation 

and the Japanese Firm”

University of Georgia - 

for support of the project 

“Nonproliferation Export 

Controls: Japan, China, 

and the United States”

33,294

5,000

43,837

19,550
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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6.

PUBLIC AFFAIRS/

EDUCATION

Outreach 

Programs

University of 

Washington – for the 

second year of support of 

the project “Regulating 

Electronics: Japan’s 

State Management of 

Competition in the 

Telecommunications, 

Computer, 

Semiconductor, Software 

and Consumer 

Electronics Industries”

TOTAL FOR POLICYORIENTED RESEARCH

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

D.

49,360

$153,751
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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Japan America Society 

of Charlotte – for the 

third and final year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society 

of Greater Philadelphia

– for the second year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society, 

Ithaca Area – for the 

second year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society 

of Nevada – for the 

second year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society 

of New Mexico – for the 

first year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society 

of Northwest Florida – 

for the third and final 

year of administrative 

support

30,000

30,000

15,000

30,000

30,000

14,000
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7.

8.

9.

Counterpart 

Exchanges

Japan America Society 

of the State of 

Washington – for the 

second year of support 

of the project “USJapan Links”

Japan Society of 

Cleveland – for the 

third and final year of 

administrative support

Japan Society of San 

Diego and Tijuana – 

for the first year of 

administrative support

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

30,000

25,000

30,000
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10.

11.

12.

College and 

University 

Partnership 

Program – for 

support of the 

project 

“Commemoration 

of the 20th 

Anniversary of 

CUPP Japan 

Exchange”

The George 

Washington 

University – for 

support of the 

project “1997 GWU 

US-Japan 

Economic Agenda 

Legislative 

Exchange 

Program”

International 

House of Japan – 

for services for 

American 

educational, 

cultural and 

professional 

institutions

5,000

62,623 1,280,000

8,500,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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13.

14.

15.

The Mansfield 

Center for Public 

Affairs -for 

support of the 

project “Japan-US 

Congres-sional 

Program” and 

other 

congressional 

exchange programs

Mississippi State 

University - for 

support of the 

project “Legislative 

Exchange on USJapan Security 

Relations”

US Association of 

Former Members 

of Congress – for 

support of the 

project 

“Congressional 

Study Group on 

Japan” and other 

congressional 

exchange programs

44,705

25,000

35,015
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Media and 

Dissemination

16.

17.

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

KCTS Television – 

for the first year of 

support of the 

project “Japan 

Connection: A 

Multi-media 

Production 

Center”

The Roper Center 

for Public Opinion 

Research – for the 

first year of 

support of the 

project “Building 

an On-Line Public 

Opinion 

Information 

System for Survey 

Data from Japan”

75,000

48,736

TOTAL FOR PUBLIC 

AFFAIRS/EDUCATION

$530,079 ¥9,780,000
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THE ARTS

1.

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

E.

Exchange Fellowships 

for Creative Artists - 

Jointly-sponsored 

program funded by the 

Japan-United States 

Friendship 

Commission and the 

US National 

Endowment for the 

Arts. The funds 

devoted to this 

program include 

$75,000 received from 

the National Endowment for the Arts. 

Grant funds for the 

artists in FY 1997 are 

administered in Japan 

for the Commission by 

the International 

House of Japan, Inc. 

Yen funds are 

provided for the 

ensuing program year.

Artists sponsored 

under the exchange 

14,803 14,790,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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American 

Performances/

Exhibitions in 

Japan

2.

3.

fellowships:

Beliz Brother

Craig McTurk

Yoji Yamaguchi

Goh Productions – for 

support of the 

collaborative 

performing arts 

project “The Poe 

Project”

Walker Art Center – 

for support of the 

collaborative 

performing arts 

project “Unfinished 

Symphony”

30,000

20,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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Japanese 

Performances/

Exhibitions in the 

United States

4.

5

6.

Grants Awarded

US Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

The Art Institute of 

Chicago – for 

publication of a 

catalogue in 

conjunction with the 

exhibition “Japan 

2000′′

Hara Museum of 

Contemporary Art – 

for publication of a 

catalogue in 

conjunction with the 

exhibition “Shiro 

Kuramata 1934-1991′′

Japanese American 

Cultural & Community 

Center – for support of 

the project “Warabi-za 

Folk Dance and Music 

Company 1997 US 

Tour”

30,000

30,000

7,500
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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7.

8.

9.

Commission Program Totals

Japanese Studies in 

the United States

The Study of the 

United States in 

Japan

On The Boards – for 

support of a US tour by 

Sakiko Ohshima and 

the H Art Chaos 

Company

Smithsonian 

Institution, Arthur M. 

Sackler Gallery – for 

support of the 

exhibition “Paintings 

by Masami Teraoka” at 

the Asian Art Museum 

of San Francisco

Smithsonian 

Institution, National 

Museum of Natural 

History – for 

publication of a catalogue in conjunction 

with the exhibit 

“Kamuy: Spirit of the 

Ainu – Art, History, 

and Culture of Japan’s 

Northern People”

TOTAL FOR THE ARTS

46,625

10,000

30,000

$218,928 ¥14,790,000

$ 391,898 ¥ 70,450,000

44,531 5,972,860
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Policy-Oriented 

Research

Public Affairs/

Education

The Arts

CULCON Activities Funded by Transfer from USIA

Undergraduate 

Educational Exchange

Media Working Group

Information Access 

Working Group

CULCON XVIII Plenary 

Session

Administrative Expenses of the Commission in FY 1997

Personnel

TOTAL FOR 

COMMISSION 

PROGRAMS

Oversight Committee

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ACTIVITIES FUNDED 

BY TRANSFER FROM 

USIA

153,751 0

530,079 9,780,000

218,928 14,790,000

$1,339,187 ¥100,992,860

$ 7,380

1,950

4,055

31,675

$45,060

$303,617
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General Services 

Administration for Payroll,

Office Space

Travel

Communications

Printing, Supplies, Publications

Equipment

Other

TOTAL FOR COMMISSION

Administrative Expenses of CULCON in FY 1997

Personnel

Communications

Supplies

Other

Accounting and Other Services

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS

34,026

33,622

25,333

10,787

10,520

0

12,509

ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS

$430,414

$78,204

350

200

275

$79,029
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Appropriated Dollar Fund Income and Expense Statement

INCOME

Net Interest (Earned 

Basis)

Refunds on Grants

Received from the 

Department of 

Education

Received from the 

National Endowment 

for

Received from the US 

Information Agency

Transfer from Yen 

Account

TOTAL INCOME

EXPENSES

Commission Grants

Fiscal Year 1997

(10-1-96 through 9-30-97)

the Arts

for CULCON support

$1,190,847

48,290

50,000

75,000

122,525

220,000

$1,706,662

$1,339,187
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Commission 

Administration

CULCON Activities

CULCON 

Administration

TOTAL EXPENSE 

(GROSS)

Japanese Government 

Gift Fund (NonAppropriated)

TOTAL EXPENSE 

(NET)

GAIN OR (LOSS)

Appropriated Dollar Fund Balance

Original 

Appropriation, 

1-1-76

Fund Balance, 

9-30-96

Cash on hand, 

9-30-96

430,414

45,060

79,029

$1,893,690

(480,491)

$1,413,199

$293,463

$18,000,000

14,966,000

53,403
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Income or (loss)

FUND 

BALANCE, 9-

30-97

Japanese Government Gift Fund (non-appropriated)

Balance, 9-30-96

Grants

Administrative 

Expenses

Interest Income

Refunds on Grants

BALANCE, 9-30-

97

Fiscal Year 1997

(10-1-96 through 9-30-97)

293,463

$15,312,866

$686,558

480,491

4,971

10,906

41,156

$253,158
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Appropriated Yen Fund Income and Expense Statement

INCOME

Interest on 

Japanese 

Government 

Bonds

Refunds on Grants

NEA Transfer

Other Income 

(Discounts, 

Unrealized 

Profits)

TOTAL INCOME

EXPENSES

Grants

Administration

Transfer to Dollar 

Account

Fees

Fiscal Year 1997

(10-1-96 through 9-30-97)

50,889,988

912,889

8,894,250

¥ 2,895,529

¥63,592,656

¥100,992,860

3,308,187

24,571,800

2,231,334
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NOTE: In the listings below, in many cases Commission support met only partial costs of the total 

project.

October 1, 1997 – September 30, 1998

Grants Awarded in Fiscal Year 1998

TOTAL EXPENSE

GAIN OR (LOSS)

Appropriated Yen Fund Balance

Original 

Appropriation 

Received, 11-1-

76

Balance 

Received, 10-

22-79

Fund Balance, 

9-30-96

Cash on hand, 

9-30-96

Income or (loss)

FUND 

BALANCE, 9-

30-97

¥131,104,181

(¥67,511,525)

¥3,615,429,455

325,683,316

3,538,346,724

1,241,385

(67,511,525)

¥3,472,076,584
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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JAPANESE STUDIES 

IN AMERICAN 

EDUCATION

Faculty and Curriculum 

Development

Language

2.

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

A.

1. Association 

of American 

Colleges & 

Universities - 

for support of 

the project 

“1999 Faculty 

and 

Curriculum 

Development 

Seminar on 

Japan

Stanford University, for the 

Inter-University Center for 

Japanese Language Studies 

in Yokohama – for advanced 

Japanese language training 

for American graduate 

students

108,650

40,400,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (42 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

Libraries

3.

Professional 

Studies

4.

Research

National Coordinating 

Committee on Japanese 

Library Resources - for 

continuation and expansion 

of activities, and support of 

the National Program for 

Coordinated Japanese 

Library Acquisitions of MultiVolume Sets and External 

User Services for 1998-1999

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Committee on 

Japanese 

Economic Studies -

for support of a 

program to train 

specialists on the 

Japanese economy

16,899,200

22,050 3,750,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (43 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

5.

6.

7.

Association for 

Asian Studies, 

Northeast Asia 

Council – for the 

various programs 

the Council 

undertakes to 

promote the 

teaching and study 

of Japan in the 

United States

Social Science 

Research Council – 

for fellowship and 

administrative 

support for 

advanced research 

on Japan by 

American scholars

University of 

California, San 

Diego – for the 

participation of 

Andrew Dewit, 

Yumiko Iida, 

Yumiko Mikanagi, 

and Katsuo Seiki in 

the project entitled 

“Competing 

Modernities in 20th

Century Japan Part 

II: Empires, 

Cultures, Identities, 

1930-1960′′

52,440 3,600,000

80,000 6,000,000

8,927
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (44 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

Other

8.

9.

Columbia 

University, The 

Donald Keene 

Center of Japanese 

Culture – for 

support of the 

project “The JapanUS Friendship 

Commission Prize 

for the Translation 

of Japanese 

Literature”

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Association of 

Teachers of 

Japanese – for 

Year Two of the 

project 

“Development of 

the Bridging 

Project 

Clearinghouse to 

Encourage Study 

Abroad in Japan by 

American 

Undergraduate 

Students”

2,359,000

10,875,900
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (45 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

THE STUDY OF THE 

UNITED STATES IN 

JAPANESE 

EDUCATION

Faculty and 

Curriculum 

Development

1.

TOTAL FOR 

JAPANESE STUDIES

Grants Awarded

Japanese Yen Grants

B.

American 

Studies 

Association – 

for support of 

a third and 

final year of 

the project 

“JapanUnited States 

Dialogues 

Across the 

Pacific: 

Curriculum, 

Program, and 

Faculty 

Development 

for an 

International 

American 

Studies”

$272,067 ¥83,884,100

7,000 1,112,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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Other

3.

2. Organization 

of American 

Historians – 

for a second 

year of the 

project “Shortterm 

Residencies 

in Japan for 

US 

Historians”

American 

Studies 

Society of the 

University of 

the Ryukyus

– for the 

participation 

of Drs. 

Barbara J. 

Fields and 

Winston 

James in the 

19th annual 

meeting in 

Naha

TOTAL FOR THE STUDY OF 

THE UNITED STATES IN 

JAPANESE EDUCATION

7,225 1,465,500

6,500

$20,725 ¥2,577,500
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (47 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

POLICYORIENTED 

RESEARCH

1.

2.

3.

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

C.

Council on Foreign 

Relations – for 

support of the project 

“A Study Group on the 

US-Japan Trade 

Relationship”

Japan Information 

Access Project – for 

support of the project 

“Intellectual Property: 

Japan and the New 

Asia, A Dissemination 

Strategy”

National Bureau of 

Asian Research – for 

support of the project 

“The Development of 

Government 

Disclosure Systems in 

Japan”

50,000

39,447

6,225,080
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (48 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

4.

5.

6.

7.

Pacific Forum CSIS – 

for support of the third 

year of a three-year 

project “Coop-eration 

Among Japan, China, 

and the US on Security 

in East Asia”

Purdue University – 

for support of the 

project “Japanese 

Competition Policy 

and Market Access, In 

Comparison with 

Germany and the 

United States”

Research Institute for 

Peace and Security – 

For support of the 

project “Strategic 

Studies Fellowship 

Program”

The East-West Center

– for support of the 

project “Power and 

Prosperity: The 

Security-Economics 

Nexus in US-Japanese 

Relations Since 1960′′

15,000

69,800

1,242,000

53,493
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (49 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

8. University of 

Georgia Research

TOTAL FOR POLICYORIENTED

PUBLIC AFFAIRS/

EDUCATION

Outreach 

Programs

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Tion Export 

Controls: Japan, 

China, and the 

United States

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

D.

Foundation – for 

the project 

“Nonprolifera3,100,000

RESEARCH 

$227,740 ¥10,567,080
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Japan America Society 

of Central Ohio – for 

the first year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society 

of Greater Philadelphia

– for the third and final 

year of administrative 

support

Japan America Society 

of Nevada – for the 

third and final year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society 

of New Mexico – for the 

second year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society 

of San Diego – for the 

second year of 

administrative support

Japan America Society, 

Ithaca Area – for the 

third and final year of 

administrative support

27,750

30,000

30,000

30,000

30,000

15,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (51 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

7.

8.

9. Japan America Society 

of Washington,

Japan America Society 

of the State of 

Washington – for the 

third and final year of 

support for the project 

“US-Japan Links”

Japan America Society 

of the State of 

Washington – for 

support of an electronic 

version of “On The 

Record,” the CULCON 

media directory of 

Japan specialists on the 

US-Japan Links site.

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

30,000

4,475

DC – for support of the 

project “Civil Society in 

Japan: Coping with 

Change”

15,500
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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10.

11.

Counterpart 

Exchanges

National 

Association of 

Japan America 

Societies, Inc. – 

for support of the 

project 

“Transforming the 

National 

Association into a 

Proactive 

Educational 

Network”

National 

Association of 

Japan America 

Societies, Inc. – 

for support of the 

project “Designing 

an Integrative 

Framework to 

Support the Work 

of Japan America 

Societies in the 

US”

37,700

16,500
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (53 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

12.

13.

14.

American 

Association for the 

Advancement of 

Science – for 

support of the 

project “DietCongress Program 

of Legislative 

Exchange on 

Science and 

Technology”

Congressional 

Economic 

Leadership 

Institute – for 

support of the 

1997 US-Japan 

Educational 

Exchange Program

The George 

Washington 

University – for 

support of the 

project “GWU USJapan Economic 

Agenda 1998 

Legislative 

Exchange 

Program”

11,742,200

97,800 8,510,000

69,725 1,280,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (54 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

15.

16.

Media and 

Dissemination

17.

International 

House of Japan, 

Inc – for services 

for American 

educational, 

cultural and 

professional 

institutions

US Association of 

Former Members 

of Congress – for 

support of the 

project 

“Congressional 

Study Group on 

Japan”

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen 

Grants

Film Arts Foundation – 

for post-production costs 

of the film “Masami 

Teraoka: Between East 

and West”

8,500,000

30,015

15,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (55 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

18.

19.

20.

THE ARTS

Japan Society, Inc. – for 

support of the project 

“ANIME: The World of 

Japanese Animation”

KCTS Television – for 

the second year of 

support of the project 

“Japan Connection: A 

Multi-media Production 

Center”

The Roper Center for 

Public Opinion Research

– for the second year of 

support of the project 

“Building an On-line 

Public Opinion 

Information System for 

Survey Data from Japan”

TOTAL FOR 

PUBLIC AFFAIRS/

EDUCATION

Grants Awarded

U.S. 

Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen Grants

E.

10,000

9,600,000

69,928

$559,393 ¥39,632,200
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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1. Exchange 

Fellowships for 

Creative Artists -

Jointly sponsored 

program funded by 

the Japan-United 

States Friendship 

Commission

and the US National 

Endowment for the 

Arts. The funds 

devoted to this 

program include 

$75,000 received 

from the National 

Endow- ment for 

the Arts. Grant 

funds for the artists 

in FY 1998 are 

administered in 

Japan for the 

Commission by the 

International House 

of Japan, Inc. Yen 

funds are provided 

for the

ensuing program 

year.

Artists sponsored 

under the exchange 

fellowships:

David Stuempfle

Sally Gross

Pamela Z

10,795 21,090,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

http://www.jusfc.gov/grant-programs/biennial-reports/1997-1998-biennial-report/ (57 of 67)03/28/12 10:49:21 AM

American 

Performances/

Exhibitions in Japan

2.

3.

Beliz Brother*

*This artist, 

selected for the 

1997 program, 

received the 

majority of funding 

in the 1997 year. A 

small grant was 

made to her in 1998 

for the purchase of 

Japanese language 

texts.

AN Creative, Inc. – 

for the project “USJapanese Dance 

Collaboration”

Institute of 

Dramatic Arts 

(DARTS) – for the 

project “1998 

SILENCE Japan 

Tour”

4,000,000

30,000
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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4.

5.

6.

Grants Awarded

U.S. Dollar 

Grants

Japanese Yen Grants

Japanese 

American 

Cultural & 

Community 

Center – for 

the first year of 

support of the 

project “US 

Arts Export to 

Japan”

Museum of 

Contemporary 

Art – for 

support of a 

Japan tour of 

the exhibition 

“Out of 

Actions: 

Between 

Performance 

and the Object 

1949-1979′′

Ping Chong 

and Company

– for support of 

a three-week 

residency and 

presentation of 

“KWAIDAN” in 

Fukuno

5,120,000

30,000

49,400
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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Other

7.

8.

9.

Atlantic Center 

for the Arts, Inc. – 

for support of the 

project “Japan/US 

International 

Residency 

Exchange” at 

Akiyoshidai

CEC International 

Partners, Inc. – 

for the screening 

and review of 

1998 applications 

to the US/Japan 

Creatiave Artists 

Fellowship 

Program

World 

Shakuhachi 

Festival 1998 – 

for support of the 

World Shakuhachi 

Festival 1998 

Japanese Scholars 

Program

TOTAL FOR THE 

ARTS

1,280,000

2,182

546,750

$122,377 ¥32,036,750
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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Commission Program Totals

Japanese 

Studies in the 

United States

The Study of 

the United 

States in Japan

PolicyOriented 

Research

Public Affairs/

Education

The Arts

CULCON Activities 

Funded by Transfer from 

USIA

1. Undergraduate 

Educational 

Exchange Oversight 

Committee

2. Media Working 

Group

3. Information Access 

Working Group

U.S. 

Dollar 

Expenses

Japanese Yen Expenses

32,036,750

TOTAL

U.S. Dollar

Expenses

$272,067 ¥83,884,100

20,725 2,577,500

227,740 10,567,080

559,393 39,632,200

122,377

$1,202,302 ¥168,697,630

250

2,000

7,820
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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4. Fundraising

Administrative Expenses of the Commission in FY 1998

Personnel

General Services 

Administration for 

Payroll, Accounting 

and Other Services

Office Space

Travel

Communications

Printing, Supplies, 

Publications

Equipment

Other

TOTAL FOR 

COMMISSION

40,000

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ACTIVITIES FUNDED 

BY TRANSFER FROM 

USIA

$50,070

317,954

33,839

33,557

20,428

12,228

7,474

5,767

32,488

ADMINISTRATIVE 

COSTS

$463,735
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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Fundraising Expenses of the Commission in FY 1998

Travel

Communications

Consulatant’s Fee

TOTAL FOR 

COMMISSION

Administrative Expenses of CULCON in FY 1998

Personnel

Communications

Supplies

Other

35,000

250

TOTAL FOR CULCON 

ADMINISTRATIVE 

COSTS

2,270

1,641

ADMINISTRATIVE 

COSTS

$38,911

87,429

275

200

88,154
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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Appropriated Dollar Fund Income and Expense Statement

INCOME

Net Interest (Earned 

Basis)

Refunds on Grants

Received from the 

Department of 

Education

Received from the 

National Endowment 

for the Arts

Received from the US 

Information Agency 

for CULCON support

Transfer from Yen 

Account

TOTAL INCOME

EXPENSES

Commission Grants

Commission 

Administration and 

Fundraising Activities

Fiscal Year 1998

(10-1-97 through 9-30-98)

$1,077,902

112,210

50,000

75,000

138,719

320,000

1,773,831

1,202,302

502,646
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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CULCON Activities

CULCON 

Administration

TOTAL EXPENSE 

(GROSS)

Japanese Government 

Gift Fund (NonAppropriated)

TOTAL EXPENSE 

(NET)

GAIN OR (LOSS)

Appropriated Dollar Fund Balance

Original 

Appropriation, 

1-1-76

Fund Balance, 

9-30-97

Income or (loss)

FUND 

BALANCE, 9-

30-98

10,070

88,154

1,803,172

(253,750)

1,549,422

224,409

$18,000,000

15,312,866

224,409

$15,537,275
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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Japanese Government Gift Fund (non-appropriated)

Balance, 9-30-

97

Grants

Administrative 

Expenses

Refunds on 

Grants

BALANCE, 9-

30-98

Bridging Project Gift Fund (non-appropriated)

Balance, 9-30-

97

Contributions*

Grants

Administrative 

Expenses

Interest

Fiscal Year 1998

(10-1-97 through 9-30-98)

Fiscal Year 1998

(10-1-97 through 9-30-98)

$253,158

253,750

1,144

1,739

$3

$0

$112,600

$0

$0

$14
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

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* includes $100,000 worth of stocks

BALANCE, 9-

30-98

Appropriated Yen Fund Income and Expense Statement

INCOME

Interest on Trust Fund

Refunds on Grants

Discounts and 

Unrealized Profits

TOTAL 

INCOME

EXPENSES

Grants

Administration

Transfer to Dollar 

Account

Fiscal Year 1998

(10-1-97 through 9-30-98)

¥44,336,845

612,106

92,991

4,549,994

41,420,800

$112,614

¥45,041,942

¥168,697,630
Japan-United States Friendship Commission — 1997-1998 Biennial Report

Japan-US Friendship Commission, 1201 15th St. NW, Suite 330, Washington, DC 20005 T (202) 653-9800 • F (202) 653-9802 • jusfc@jusfc.gov

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Fees

TOTAL EXPENSE

GAIN OR (LOSS)

Appropriated Yen Fund Balance

Original 

Appropriation 

Received, 11-1-

76

Balance 

Received, 10-

22-79

Fund Balance, 

9-30-97

Income or (loss)

FUND 

BALANCE, 9-

30-98

6,581,268

¥221,249,692

(¥176,207,750)

¥3,615,429,455

325,683,316

¥3,472,076,584

(¥176,207,750)

¥3,295,868,834