HORTON H. HOBBS, J

and H. H. HOBBS I.

New Entocytherid

Ostracods with a

Key to the Genera

of the Subfamily

Entocytherinae

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1970 NUMBER 47
SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed

by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement:

"It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries

in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge

not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the

years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian

imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing

with the following active series:

Smithsonian Annals of Flight

Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology

Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics

Smithsonian Contributions to Botany

Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology

In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing

with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional

colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts,

synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each publication is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested

specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.

S. DILLON RIPLEY

Secretary

Smithsonian Institution
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 47

Horton H. Hobbs, jr. Ne w Entocytherid

andH.H.HMsM Qstracods With a

Key to the Genera

of the Subfamily

Entocytherinae

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

1970
ABSTRACT

Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and H. H. Hobbs III. New Entocytherid Ostracods with a Key

to the Genera of the Subfamily Entocytherinae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

47:1-19, 1970.—Following a key to the genera of the subfamily Entocytherinae, keys

to the species of each of the genera, Ascetocythere, Dactylocythere, and Geocythere

precede the descriptions of new species, A. lita, D. coloholca, D. macroholca, D. pughae,

and G. nessoides. Entocythere tyttha and a new genus and species, Lordocythere petersi,

are also described, and Thermastrocythere harti is synonymized with T. riojai, new

combination. All of the new species are from the southeastern part of the United States.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1970

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35-cents (paper cover)
Horton H. Hobbs, Jr.

and H. H. Hobbs III

New Entocytherid

Ostracods with a

Key to the Genera

of the Subfamily

Entocytherinae

Presented here are a key to the genera of the subfamily

Entocytherinae, descriptions of a new genus and seven

new species, together with keys to the members of the

genera Ascetocythere, Dactylocythere, the largest of the

entocytherid genera, and Geocythere. The genus Lordocythere is proposed to receive an undescribed species,

occurring in the Cumberland drainage system in southeastern Kentucky, which differs from all entocytherids

in possessing, among other features, a posteriorly

oriented penis. The remaining species, all also from the

southeastern part of the United States, are assigned

to Ascetocythere, Dactylocythere, Entocythere, and

Geocythere.

The most recent key to the genera of the subfamily is

that of Hobbs and Hart (1966:36). Following this

publication, five additional genera, including that proposed herein, have been added, thus bringing the total

to 19. Hobbs and Walton described the genera Thermastrocythere (1966:7) and Litocythere (1968:247);

Hobbs (1967:2) added the genus Ornithocythere;

Hobbs III (1969:167) proposed the genus Saurocythere; and one additional monotypic genus is described herein. The ranges of all of the genera proposed

before 1968 are discussed by Hart and Hart (1969).

Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. H. H.

Hobbs III, Department of Zoology, Indiana University,

Bloomington, Indiana 47401

Listed below are the described genera together with

the number of species assigned to each.

List of genera

Ankylocythere, Hart, 1962:126

Ascetocythere, Hart, 1962:128

Cymocythere, Hart, 1962:128

Dactylocythere, Hart, 1962:129

Donnaldsoncythere, Rioja, 1942:686

Entocythere, Marshall, 1903:120

Geocythere, Hart, 1962:134

Harpagocythere, Hobbs III, 1965: 163

Litocythere, Hobbs and Walton, 1968:247

Lordocythere (new genus, herein)

Okriocythere, Hart, 1964:243

Ornithocythere, Hobbs, 1967:2

Phymocythere, Hobbs and Hart, 1966: 48

Plectocythere, Hobbs III, 1965:161

Rhadinocythere, Hart, 1962:135

Sagittocythere, Hart, 1962:135

Saurocythere, Hobbs III, 1969:167

Thermastrocythere, Hobbs and Walton, 1966:7

Uncinocythere, Hart, 1962:136

Number

of species

14

12

3

31

10

12

3

2

1

1

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

21

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We are grateful to Dabney

G. and C. W. Hart, Jr., and Raymond B. Manning for

their criticisms of the manuscript and to Jean E. Pugh

and Daniel J. Peters for their assistance in collecting

most of the crayfishes from which the type-specimens

utilized in this paper were taken.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to the Genera of the Subfamily En tocythermae

1 Penis with prostatic and spermatic elements widely separated along much of their

lengths 2

1' Penis simple; or if two elements recognizable, contiguous along their entire

lengths 4

2 (1) Ventral portion of peniferum tapering with tip of penis reaching or almost reaching

apex Plectocythere

2' Ventral portion of peniferum usually rounded or with one or more prominences,

seldom tapering; if tapering, tip of penis never approaching apex 3

3 (2') Ventral portion of peniferum rounded, without prominences Phymocythere

3' Ventral portion of peniferum with one or more prominences ventrally and/or

anteriorly Ascetocythere

4 (1') Penis directed posteroventrally from base Lordocythere, new genus

4' Penis directed anteroventrally from base 5

5 (4') Finger guard present 6

5' Finger guard absent 10

6 (5') Peniferum with accessory groove except in Dactylocythere leptophylax in which finger

guard always slender and trifid 7

6' Peniferum without accessory groove; finger guard never slender and trifid 8

7 (6) Posteroventral portion of peniferum terminating in barbed point Sagittocythere

T Posteroventral portion of peniferum variable, but never ending in barbed

point Dactylocythere

8 (6') Ventral portion of peniferum bulbiform, clasping apparatus never extending so far

ventrally as does peniferum Cymocythere

8' Ventral portion of peniferum slender or strongly flattened; clasping apparatus extending

ventrally to or beyond ventral extremity of peniferum 9

9 (8') Ventral portion of peniferum slender, terminating in small recurved projection Harpagocythere

9' Ventral portion of peniferum flattened and with concave ventral border Litocythere

10 (5') Anteroventral portion of peniferum with acute beaklike projection Ornithocythere

10' Anteroventral portion of peniferum never with beaklike projection 11

11 (10') External border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus with one or more

excrescences 12

11' External border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus entire or with few shallow

subapical grooves 15

12 (11) Anteroventral portion of peniferum produced ventrally in rounded lobe 13

12' Anteroventral portion of peniferum never produced ventrally in rounded lobe; if

produced, apex acute or truncate 14

13 (12) Spermatic loop horizontal; peniferum distal to dorsal margin of spermatic loop at least

twice as long as portion dorsal to loop; clasping apparatus with external border

bearing single tubercle and terminating in fanlike cluster of serrations . Saurocythere

13' Spermatic loop vertical; peniferum distal to dorsal margin of spermatic loop much

less than twice as long as portion dorsal to loop; clasping apparatus with external

border broadly serrate and terminating in annulations Okriocythere

14 (12') Anteroventral portion of peniferum with conspicuous anterodorsally directed projection Geocythere

14' Anteroventral portion of peniferum never with conspicuous anterodorsally directed

projection Ankylocythere

15 (11') Internal border of clasping apparatus usually with no more than three teeth; if more

than three, with only two apical denticles or vertical ramus strongly convex

posteriorly 16

15' Internal border of clasping apparatus with more than three teeth, apical cluster with

more than two denticles, vertical ramus straight 18

16 (15) Clasping apparatus not clearly divisible into vertical and horizontal rami, extremities

directed at angle of at least 100 degrees Donnaldsoncythere

16' Clasping apparatus usually divisible into vertical and horizontal rami, extremities

directed at angle of no more than 90 degrees 17
NUMBER 4 7

Key to the Genera of the Subfamily Entocytherinae—Continued

17 (16') Penis large, S-shaped or sinuous, and with curved posteroventral thickening of peniferum

presenting forcipate appearance to ventral portion of penif erum. Thermastrocythere

17' Penis of moderate size, L-shaped, and never so disposed as to contribute forcipate

appearance to ventral portion of peniferum Uncinocythere

18 (15') Ventral portion of peniferum tapering to slender tip Rhadinocythere

18' Ventral portion of peniferum never slender nor tapering Entocythere

Genus Ascetocythere Hart, 1962

DIAGNOSIS.—Terminal tooth of mandible pectinate.

Male copulatory complex without finger guard; peniferum extending ventrally much beyond clasping

apparatus, elongate, comparatively slender, with subterminal bulbous enlargement bearing one to several

projections; penis consisting of separate dorsal spermatic and ventral prostatic elements basally and directed anteriorly or anteroventrally; both elements

always shorter than clasping apparatus; accessory

groove lacking. Clasping apparatus well developed and

may or may not be clearly divisible into vertical and

horizontal rami; external border of horizontal ramus

entire, internal border with two, three, or no teeth

along apical half, if present, often grouped far distally

with three apical denticles. Triunguis female lacking

pectinate process on distal podomere of second antenna; genital complex consisting of genital papilla but

lacking J-shaped rod and amiculum. (Slightly modified

from Hobbs and Hart, 1966:37-38.)

TYPE-SPECIES.—Entocythere asceta Hobbs and Walton, 1962:43; by designation, Hart, 1962:128.

Key to the Species of the Genus Ascetocythere

(Modified from Hobbs and Hart, 1966)

1 Internal border of distal half of clasping apparatus with one or more teeth situated

proximal to distal denticles, or internal border unarmed (Asceta Group) 2

1' Internal border of clasping apparatus with teeth and distal denticles grouped distally

(Coryphodes Group) 10

2 (1) Bulbous portion of peniferum with well-developed cephalic process 3

2' Bulbous portion of peniferum lacking cephalic process 8

3 (2) Ventral portion of peniferum with angular flange 4

3' Ventral portion of peniferum lacking angular flange 5

4 (3) Ventral extremity of peniferum with fingerlike projection extending ventrally beyond

angular flange A. asceta (Hobbs and Walton, 1962:39)

4' Ventral extremity of peniferum lacking fingerlike projection extending ventrally beyond

angular flange A. ozalea Hobbs and Hart, 1966:40

5 (3') Ventral portion of peniferum with posterior process 6

5' Ventral portion of peniferum lacking posterior process 7

6 (5) Anterior process of peniferum much shorter than digitiform process and situated on

level above base of penis A. sclera Hobbs and Hart, 1966:42

6' Anterior process of peniferum as long as digitiform process and situated on level below

base of penis A. holti Hobbs and Walton, 1970:853

7 (5') External border of clasping apparatus with proximal bend at end of proximal fifth of

apparatus; penis reaching posterior surface of digitiform process.. A. lita, new species

7' External border of clasping apparatus with proximal bend at end of proximal third of

apparatus; penis extending along anterior side of digitiform process

A. bate hi Hobbs and Walton, 1968:237

8 (2') Ventral portion of peniferum lacking angular flange

A. didactylata Hobbs and Hart, 1966:43

8' Ventral portion of peniferum with angular flange 9

9 (8') Ventral portion of peniferum with distinct curved digitiform process extending posteroventrally from flange A. hoflmani Hobbs and Hart, 1966:40

9' Ventral portion of peniferum lacking distinct digitiform process

A. hyperoche Hobbs and Hart, 1966:41
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Length (range)

Average

Height (range)

!

 Average

Holotype

0.42

0.25

Males

0. 39-0.42

0.41

0.23-0. 26

0.24

Allotype

0.42

0.23

Females

0.42

0.42

0. 23-0. 25

0.24

Key to the Species of the Genus Ascetocythere—Continued

10 (1') Anterior surface of sub terminal or terminal enlargement of peniferum with anteroventrally projecting, clublike prominence and two additional prominences

A. cosmeta Hobbs and Hart, 1966:46

10' Anterior surface of terminal enlargement of peniferum with single prominent snoutlike projection 11

11 (10') Snoutlike prominence less than half as long as longitudinal diameter of peniferum at

level of prominence A. myxoides Hobbs and Hart, 1966:45

11' Snoutlike prominence more than two-thirds as long as longitudinal diameter of

peniferum at level of prominence A. corypkodes Hobbs and Hart, 1966:44

Ascetocythere lita, new species

FIGURES la-d

MALE.—Eye pigmented. Shell (Figure Ic) subovate

with posterior region much higher than anterior, greatest height slightly posterior to midlength; ventral margin weakly concave anterior to midlength. Submarginal

setae, although sparse, present anteriorly, posteriorly,

and ventrally; absent dorsally.

Copulatory complex (Figures la, b) with peniferum

bearing two prominences extending from subterminal

expansion: anterior process straight and rodlike, its

length subequal to that of anteroposterior plane of

distal portion of peniferum, and directed anteriorly

from upper surface of bulbous expansion; ventral

process heavier than anterior process, broad at base

and tapering anteroventrally, bearing longitudinal

penial groove. Penis long, otherwise unremarkable.

Clasping apparatus divisible into vertical and horizontal rami, former with subangular bend proximally;

internal border of horizontal ramus with three teeth,

proximal most prominent; external border entire, curving anterodorsally from junction of rami to level of

proximal tooth on internal border, from there extending anteriorly to base of three apical denticles. Dorsal

finger comparatively stout and terminating in simple

seta directed ventrally; ventral finger slender, curved

anteriorly parallel to anterior process of peniferum.

TRIUNGUIS FEMALE.—Eye pigmented. Shell (Figure

Id) of approximately same size and otherwise similar

to that of male. Genital complex situated posterodorsally and consisting of sclerotized cone-shaped prominence tapering ventrally with orifice at ventral

extremity; paired fingerlike projections lateral to cone

directed ventrally; small sclerotized rod surrounded by

granular mass located anterodorsally to cone.

Measurements (in millimeters) of ten males and two

females:

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Creek and burrows in seepage

area (Cumberland River drainage system), 4.8 miles

southwest of junction of U.S. Hwy. 25W and Interstate Hwy. 75 on U.S. Hwy. 25W, southwest of Corbin,

Whitley County, Kentucky. This is the only locality

from which A. lita has been collected.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male and

allotype are deposited in the National Museum of

Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), numbers

126251 and 126252. Paratypes are in the collections

of C. W. Hart, Jr. (1 <?), H.H.H.III (1 J ) , and the

Smithsonian Institution (2d \ 1 ? )•

HOSTS.—Cambarus sphenoides Hobbs and an unidentified species of the genus Cambarus.

ENTOCYTHERID ASSOCIATES.—Donnaldsoncythere

tuberosa (Hart and Hobbs 1961: 182), Dactylocythere

coloholca (see under the species), D. pughae (see

under the species), and Lordocythere petersi (see

under the species).

RELATIONSHIPS.—Ascetocythere lita unquestionably

has its closest affinities with the members of the Asceta

Group (Hobbs and Hart, 1966: 39) and is more

closely allied to A. batchi than to any other member

of the genus. It may be distinguished from all other

species of the group by the major bend of the clasping

apparatus occurring distal to the midlength, one of

the characters utilized by Hobbs and Hart (op. cit.:

44) in defining the Coryphodes Group. In light of the

fact that A. lita obviously is more closely related to A.

asceta and its allies than to A. coryphodes and its relatives, this character must be deleted from the definition

of the two groups. Like the members of the Asceta

Group, the internal border of the clasping apparatus

of A. lita has three teeth not grouped with the terminal
NUMBER 47

a

FIGURE 1.—Ascetocythere lit a, type-locality: a, copulatory complex of male; b, clasping apparatus

of male; c, shell of male; d, shell of female.

denticles, and the distal portion of the peniferum is

armed with projections.

ETYMOLOGY.—Litos (Greek) = plain; referring to

the comparatively unadorned peniferum of the male

copulatory complex.

Genus Dactylocy there Hart, 1962

DIAGNOSIS.—Terminal tooth of mandible pectinate.

Male copulatory complex with finger guard; peniferum, except in D. leptophylax, never extending

ventrally beyond clasping apparatus and never with

bulbous enlargement or conspicuous terminal or subterminal processes nor terminating in barbed point;

penis complex directed anteroventrally, simple, with

spermatic and prostatic elements contiguous throughout their lengths and shorter than clasping apparatus;

accessory groove conspicuous except in D. leptophylax.

Clasping apparatus well developed, often divisible into

vertical and horizontal rami; external border of horizontal ramus entire, and internal border with or without teeth. Triunguis female with second antenna lacking accessory pectinate process on distal podomere;

genital complex including J-shaped rod and amiculum

except in D. coloholca (see under the species).

TYPE-SPECIES.—Entocythere runki Hobbs, 1955:

330; by designation, Hart, 1962:129.

2 (1')

2'

3 (2')

Key to the Species of the Genus Dactylocythere

Ventral portion of peniferum with two or more small acute projections; finger guard

very slender and tridentate; clasping apparatus almost U-shaped with subterminal

flare; accessory groove reduced or obsolete. . D. leptophylax (Crawford, 1961:238)

Ventral portion of peniferum without projections; finger guard seldom slender, if

tridentate, comparatively stocky; clasping apparatus variable but never with subterminal flare; accessory groove well developed 2

Apex of clasping apparatus without denticles 3

Apex of clasping apparatus with denticles 4

Clasping apparatus scythelike, sometimes with single tooth on internal border of

horizontal ramus, otherwise unadorned.. D. falcate (Hobbs and Walton, 1961:379)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to the Species of the Genus Dactylocythere—Continued

3' Clasping apparatus not scythelike, without teeth but with two or three grooves appearing to encircle distal portion of horizontal ramus

D. striophylax (Crawford, 1959:157)

4 (2') Shell with posteroventral projection 5

4' Shell without posteroventral projection (D. exoura has small prominence on shell).... 7

5 (4) Shell with anteroventral protuberance D. amphiakis Hart and Hart, 1966:3

5' Shell without anteroventral protuberance 6

6 (5') Accessory groove extending dorsally clearly above ventral level of spermatic

loop D. daphnioides (Hobbs, 1955:325)

6' Accessory groove, extending dorsally only to ventral level of spermatic loop

D. pughae, new species

7 (4') Accessory groove extending dorsally much beyond level of dorsal extremity of spermatic loop 8

7' Accessory groove never extending dorsally more than slightly beyond dorsal extremity of

spermatic loop, sometimes not reaching loop 12

8 (7) External border of vertical ramus of clasping apparatus with angular shoulder

D. macroholca, new species

8' External border of vertical ramus of clasping apparatus without angular shoulder 9

9 (8') Vertical ramus of clasping apparatus almost straight

D. mecoscapha (Hobbs and Walton, 1960:19)

9' Vertical ramus of clasping apparatus distinctly arched 10

10 (9') Proximal and distal portions of clasping apparatus subparallel

D. prionata (Hart and Hobbs, 1961:178)

10' Proximal and distal portions of clasping apparatus directed at angles of 50° to 70° to

each other 11

11 (10') Three proximal teeth on internal border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus

subequal in size and equally spaced D. arenata (Hart and Hobbs, 1961:177)

11' Proximal tooth on internal border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus much

larger than more distal two and widely separated from them

D. amicula Hart and Hart, 1966:2

12 (7') Dorsal margin of accessory groove not reaching ventral portion of spermatic loop 13

12' Dorsal margin of accessory groove reaching almost to, or slightly beyond, dorsal extremity of loop of spermatic duct 16

13 (12) External border of clasping apparatus with two subangular bends

D. brachystrix Hobbs and Walton, 1966:2

13' External border of clasping apparatus with only one angular or subangular bend 14

14 (13') Finger guard short, truncate distally, with posterior margin strongly arched, reaching

ventrally only to level of base of terminal seta on dorsal finger

D. coloholca, new species

14' Finger guard long, tapering, with posterior margin straight or only slightly arched,

reaching ventrally to or beyond tip of terminal seta on dorsal finger 15

15 (14') Finger guard heavy, tapering from base, posterior margin straight

D. exoura Hart and Hart, 1966:5

15' Finger guard slender, tapering irregularly with distal portion abruptly narrower than

basal and middle portions D. prinsi Hobbs and Walton, 1968:242

16 (12') External border of vertical ramus of clasping apparatus with distinct angular

shoulder 17

16' External border of vertical ramus of clasping apparatus without angular shoulder 19

17 (16) Internal border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus with two teeth

D. jeanae Hobbs, 1967:6

17' Internal border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus with three or more teeth... 18

18 (17') Ventral portion of peniferum terminating in posteriorly directed spine; internal border

of clasping apparatus with four teeth, distal extremity with two

D. crawfordi Hart, 1965:255

18' Ventral portion of peniferum subtruncate and directed posteroventrally; internal

border of clasping apparatus with three teeth, distal extremity with three

D. phoxa Hobbs, 1967:8
NUMBER 47

Key to the Species of the Genus Dactylocythere—Continued

19 (16') Internal border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus with or without one prominent tooth and occasionally with undulations distal to tooth 20

19' Internal border of horizontal ramus of clasping apparatus with more than one prominent tooth 23

20 (19) Ventral margin of peniferum flattened with posteroventral extremity subangulate

D. enoploholca Hobbs and Walton, 1970:857

20' Ventral margin of peniferum rounded without angle at posteroventral extremity 21

21 (20') Clasping apparatus L-shaped with vertical ramus nearly straight or concave posteriorly;

finger guard with anteroventral tubercle most prominent

D. myura Hobbs and Walton, 1970:859

21' Clasping apparatus C-shaped with vertical ramus convex posteriorly; finger guard with

posteroventral tubercle most prominent 22

22 (21') Finger guard terminating in two tubercles.. D. chalaza (Hobbs and Walton, 1962:45)

22' Finger guard terminating in three tubercles.. D. spinata Hobbs and Walton, 1970:860

23 (19') Finger guard with three distinct distal tubercles 24

23' Finger guard with less than three distinct distal tubercles 25

24 (23) Anteroventral extremity of peniferum rounded; distal portion of internal border of

clasping apparatus serrate D. suteri (Crawford, 1959:162)

24' Anteroventral extremity of peniferum angular; distal portion of internal border of

clasping apparatus with teeth but not serrate.. D. chelomata (Crawford, 1961:242)

25 (23') External border of clasping apparatus subangular at junction of vertical and horizontal

rami 26

25' External border of clasping apparatus curved at junction of indistinctly delineated

horizontal and vertical rami 27

26 (25') Peniferum with prominent hump on posterior margin paralleling accessory groove;

posterior margin of finger guard strongly concave, distal end with single emargination D. xystroides Hobbs and Walton, 1963:460

26' Peniferum without prominent hump on posterior margin paralleling accessory groove;

posterior margin of finger guard only slightly concave, distal end with two emarginations D. pachysphyrata Hobbs and Walton, 1966:3

27 (25') Internal border of clasping apparatus with only two teeth

D. ungulata (Hart and Hobbs, 1961:177)

27' Internal border of clasping apparatus with three or more teeth 28

28 (27') Finger guard with distinctly curved posterior margin D. runki (Hobbs, 1955:330)

28' Finger guard straight or almost so 29

29 (28') Finger guard with longitudinal ridge; extremities of clasping apparatus divergent

D. cooperorum Hobbs and Walton, 1968:238

29' Finger guard without longitudinal ridge; extremities of clasping apparatus subparallel

D. steevesi (Hart and Hobbs, 1961:180)

Dactylocy there coloholca, new species

FIGURES 2a-d

MALE.—Eye pigmented, located approximately onethird shell length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure

2c) oblong-ovate with posterior region vaulted and

posteroventral margin subangulate; margins entire.

Submarginal setae moderate in number and evenly

spaced anteriorly, posteriorly, and ventrally. Sternal

spine lacking.

Copulatory complex (Figures 2a, b) with finger

guard strongly concave posteriorly and slightly concave

distally; peniferum heavy, tapering ventrally but with

ventral surface truncate; accessory groove short, ex372-666 O—70 2

tending posterodorsally but not nearly reaching level

of ventral extremity of loop of spermatic duct; peniferal groove opening ventrally, its apical width approximately two-thirds that of diameter of vertical

ramus of clasping apparatus; penis L-shaped and situated in ventral third of peniferum; clasping apparatus,

extending ventral to peniferum, divisible into vertical

and horizontal rami, forming angle of less than 90

degrees, external borders of both rami and internal

border of vertical ramus entire, internal border of horizontal ramus with three teeth, apex of ramus with

three denticles; both dorsal and ventral fingers slender,

latter more than twice length of former and gently

curved throughout its length.
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TWUNGUIS FEMALE.—Eye pigmented, located approximately one-fifth shell length from anterior margin.

Shell (Figure 2d) distinctly larger than that of male,

highly vaulted posteriorly, subangular posteroventrally,

and with slight ventral concavity anterior to midlength. Submarginal setae as in male. Genital complex

situated posterodorsally and consisting of posteroventrally directed rod surrounded by granular mass

together with small ventrally directed papilla situated

immediately posterodorsal to rod; J-shaped rod and

amiculum absent. In lacking latter, triunguis female

of this species unique in genus.

Measurements (in millimeters) of ten males and ten

females:

Length (range)

Average

Height (range)

Average

Holotype

0.44

0.26

Males

0. 43-0.48

0.46

0. 25-0. 27

0.27

Allotype

0.49

0.32

Females

0. 49-0. 54

0.52

0. 32-0. 34

0.33

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Creek and burrows in seepage

area (Cumberland River drainage system) 4.8 miles

southwest of junction of U.S. Hwy. 25W and Interstate Hwy. 75, on former, southwest of Corbin, Whitley

County, Kentucky. This is the only locality from which

D. coloholca has been collected.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male and

allotype are deposited in the National Museum of

Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), numbers

126253 and 126254. Paratypes are in the collections of

C. W. Hart, Jr. (ltf, 1 ? ), H.H.H. Ill (Id1, 1?) ,

and the Smithsonian Institution (4cf, 3$) .

HOST.—Cambarus sphenoides Hobbs.

ENTOCYTHERID ASSOCIATES.—Ascetocythere lita,

new species, Donnaldsoncythere tuberosa, Dactylocythere pughae (see under the species), and Lordocythere peter si (see under the species).

RELATIONSHIPS.—Dactylocythere coloholca appears

to have its closest affinities with D. prinsi which resembles it in lacking a sternal spine and possessing a

comparatively slender clasping apparatus in which the

vertical and horizontal rami are clearly divisible, and

in having a very short accessory groove in the peniferum. Except for the latter characteristic, D. myura

also appears to be a near relative. Dactylocythere

coloholca may be distinguished from D. prinsi by possessing a shorter finger guard and by the opening of the

peniferal groove being directed ventrally, instead of

posteriorly. Furthermore, the females differ from all

other members of the genus in lacking a J-shaped rod

and an amiculum.

ETYMOLOGY.—Kolos (Greek) = shortened,+holkos

=furrow; so named because of the very short accessory

groove of the peniferum.

FIGURE 2.—Dactylocythere coloholca, type-locality: a, copulatory complex of male; b, clasping

apparatus of male; c, shell of male; d, shell of female.
NUMBER 47

Dactylocythere macroholca, new species

FIGURES 3a-d

MALE.—Eye pigmented, located approximately onefifth shell length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure

3d) subovate with greatest height posterior to midlength; ventral margin with broad shallow concavity,

otherwise entire. Submarginal setae present in limited

numbers anteriorly, ventrally, and very sparse posteriorly. Sternal spine lacking.

Copulatory complex (Figures 3a, b) possessing finger guard with broad base tapering anteroventrally to

fingerlike projection, ending without tubercles; peniferum elongate with greatest width at level of penis;

distal apex of peniferum twisted and anteroventral

portion with small mesially folded flange; accessory

groove very long, extending well beyond dorsal extremity of spermatic loop and slightly beyond dorsal

one-seventh of peniferum; apex of peniferal groove

approximately one-fourth greatest width of vertical

ramus of clasping apparatus; penis small and L-shaped

and situated in ventral third of peniferum; clasping

apparatus heavy, divisible into horizontal and vertical

rami disposed at approximately 90 degrees; internal

border of vertical ramus entire, its external border

bearing prominent angular shoulder slightly proximal

to midlength, and distal half of ramus approximately

1.5 times as broad as width immediately above shoulder; external border of horizontal ramus entire and

tapering; internal border bearing four teeth, and apex

of ramus with three denticles; both dorsal and ventral

fingers slender, dorsal one bifurcate; ventral finger

bent at midlength, forming angle of approximately 130

degrees.

TRIUNGUIS FEMALE.—Eye pigmented, located onethird shell length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure

3c) obovate, highly vaulted, and highest slightly posterior to midlength; submarginal setae as in male

except more abundant posteriorly. Genital complex

composed of large J-shaped rod and massive amiculum, latter protruding well beyond posterior margin

of shell; two or three posterodorsally directed papillae

situated between dorsal portion of J-shaped rod and

amiculum.

Measurements (in millimeters) of three males and

two females:

Length (range)

Average

Height (range)

Average

Holotype

0.60

0.41

Males

0. 58-0. 62

0.60

0. 35-0.41

0.39

Allotype

0.61

0.42

Females

0.61

0.61

0. 40-0.42

0.41

a

FIGURE 3.—Dactylocythere macroholca, type-locality: a, copulatory complex of male; b, clasping

apparatus of male; c, shell of female; d, shell of male.
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Trammel Creek and tributary

(Barren River drainage system), 3.6 miles south of

Scottsville on U.S. Hwy. 3IE, Allen County, Kentucky.

This is the only known locality for the species.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male and

allotype are deposited in the National Museum of

Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), numbers

126255 and 126256. Paratypes are in the collections of

C. W. Hart, Jr. (Id1), H.H.H. Ill (Id1), and the

Smithsonian Institution (1 cT, 1 ? ).

HOSTS.—All specimens were recovered from a collection of crayfishes containing Orconectes juvenilis

(Hagen), Cambarus diogenes subsp., C. tenebrosus

Hay, C. striatus Hay, and an unidentified member of

the genus Cambarus.

ENTOCYTHERID ASSOCIATES.—Donnaldsoncythere

hiwasseensis (Hobbs and Walton, 1961:381), Dactylocythere cooperorum, and Uncinocythere zancla Hobbs

and Walton, 1963:456.

RELATIONSHIPS.—Only two other entocytherids

have such long accessory grooves in the peniferum as

is exhibited by Dactylocythere macroholca: D. amicula

and D. mecoscapha. Both of these have similarly constructed finger guards and clasping apparatus, and the

amiculum of D. amicula protrudes from the shell even

more conspicuously than does that of D. macroholca.

Neither, however, has an angular shoulder on the

external border of the vertical ramus of the clasping

apparatus, and, although the finger guard of D.

mecoscapha is broad basally, it terminates in two

ventrally directed tubercles and the amiculum of the

female is not nearly so conspicuous. Of the three, only

D. amicula has a prominent sternal spine.

ETYMOLOGY.—Macro (Greek) = large, + holkos =

furrow; name chosen because of the extremely long

accessory groove of the peniferum.

Dactylocythere pughae, new species

FIGURES Aa-d

MALE.—Eye pigmented, located approximately onefourth shell length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure 4c) shaped similarly to those of members of cladoceran genus Daphnia, but with posteroventral prominence, and with shallow ventral concavity anterior to

midlength. Marginal setae sparse anteriorly, posteriorly,

and ventrally, and absent dorsally. Sternal spine well

developed and curved with apex directed anteroventrally.

Copulatory complex (Figures 4a, b) with finger

guard slender, elongate, undulate, and slightly concave

distally; posteroventral portion of peniferum rounded,

not forming sharp apex or rounded prominence; accessory groove short, reaching dorsally only to ventralmost

level of spermatic loop; apex of peniferal groove wider

than least diameter of vertical ramus of clasping apparatus; penis L-shaped, less than half width of peniferum, and situated in ventral third of peniferum;

clasping apparatus, extending ventrally beyond peniferum, not clearly divisible into horizontal and vertical

rami, and with proximal and distal portions directed

at angle of approximately 60 degrees; external border

of vertical ramus strongly convex with distinct bend

distal to midlength; external borders of both rami and

internal border of vertical ramus entire; internal border

of horizontal ramus possessing three teeth, proximal

one rounded and distal two acute; distal extremely

terminating in three denticles; dorsal and ventral

fingers slender, each terminating in single seta, with

basal third of ventral finger straight and distal twothirds gently curved.

TRIUNGUIS FEMALE.—Eye pigmented, situated onefourth shell length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure

4d) markedly similar to that of male, but larger. Genital complex posterodorsal and consisting of J-shaped

rod and amiculum; J-shaped rod "S-shaped" with horizontal arm long and straight, ends of both arms anteriorly recurved; amiculum suspended from ventral

arm.

Measurements (in millimeters) of ten males and ten

females:

Holoiype Males Allotype Females

Length (range) 0. 56 0.47-0. 56 0. 60 0. 53-0. 60

Average 0.53 0.57

Height (range) 0.30 0.26-0.32 0.37 0.34-0.38

Average 0.30 0.36

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Creek and burrows in seepage area

(Cumberland River drainage system), 4.8 miles southwest of junction of U.S. Hwy. 25W and Interstate Hwy.

75 on U.S. Hwy. 25W, southwest of Corbin, Whitley

County, Kentucky. This is the only locality from which

D. pughae has been collected.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male and

allotype are deposited in the National Museum of

Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), number

126257. Paratypes are in the collections of C. W. Hart,

Jr. (1 d\ 1 ?) , Daniel J. Peters (1 tf, 1 ? ), H.H.H.

I ll (Id1, 1 $ ), and the Smithsonian Institution (3d1,

20$) .
NUMBER 47 11

a

FIGURE 4.—Dactylocythere pughae, type-locality: a, copulatory complex of male; b, clasping

apparatus of male; c, shell of male; d, shell of female.

HOSTS.—Cambarus sphenoides Hobbs, Cambarus

diogenes subsp., and an unidentified member of the

genus Cambarus.

ENTOCYTHERID ASSOCIATES.—Ascetocythere lita,

new species, Donnaldsoncythere tuberosa, Dactylocythere coloholca, new species, and Lordocythere petersi

(see under the species).

RELATIONSHIPS.—Dactylocythere pughae shares

with D. daphnioides a posteroventral projection of the

shell, a prominent sternal spine, and a similar clasping

apparatus; however, it differs from the latter, among

other features, in possessing a shorter accessory groove,

a slenderer and undulating finger guard, and the Jshaped rod of the female is greatly produced

horizontally.

ETYMOLOGY.—This species is named in honor of our

good friend and one of the collectors of the species, Dr.

Jean E. Pugh.

Genus Entocy there Marshall (1903)

DIAGNOSIS.—Terminal tooth of mandible not pectinate (except in E. ruibali Rioja, 1955, and E. tyttha,

new species) but occasionally with two or three cusps

proximal to apex. Male copulatory complex without

finger guard or accessory groove and having variously

shaped ventral portion of peniferum; latter usually

rounded and partially sclerotized, frequently with

sclerotized spine posteroventrally; penis directed anteroventrally or obliquely mesially, simple, with spermatic and prostatic elements contiguous throughout

their lengths and much shorter than clasping apparatus. Clasping apparatus well developed, extending

ventrally well beyond peniferum, with rami seldom

forming angle greater than 90 degrees (except in E.

dorsorotunda Hoff, 1944: 341); external border of

horizontal ramus entire, internal border with three

to eight serrations, and distal extremity of ramus with

three to six denticles. Triunguis female with second

antenna bearing pectinate process on distal podomere;

genital area lacking J-shaped rod and amiculum.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Entocythere cambaria Marshall,

1903: 120; by monotypy.

A key to the species of the genus Entocythere will

be included in a review of the entocytherid ostracods

of Mexico and Cuba currently being prepared by the

senior author.

Entocythere tyttha, new species

FIGURES 5a-e

MALE.—Eye pigmented, located one-fourth shell

length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure 5d) subovate with margins entire. Marginal setae moderate

in number and evenly spaced along anterior, posterior,
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

and ventral margins. Terminal tooth of mandible

pectinate.

Copulatory complex (Figures ba-c) with peniferum

sclerotized and truncate ventrally, possessing acute

projection at anteroventral extremity and low,

rounded protuberance posteroventrally; penis comparatively large, located in distal third of peniferum;

clasping apparatus with horizontal and vertical rami

joined by gentle arc; vertical ramus convex anteriorly

and with longitudinal groove on proximal external

border; internal border of vertical ramus and external

border of horizontal ramus entire; internal border of

horizontal ramus bearing five teeth; distal extremity

terminating in three denticles; dorsal and ventral

ringers slender; dorsal finger bifurcate distally; ventral

finger anteriorly convex proximally and with subangular bend of approximately 90 degrees near midlength, thus paralleling contour of clasping apparatus.

TRIUNGUIS FEMALE.—Eye pigmented, located as in

male; shell (Figure be) slightly larger than that of

male but with submarginal setae similarly dispersed.

Genital complex consisting of prominent tubercle, partially surrounded by coiled amorphous mass, and long,

slender anteroventrally projecting process.

Measurements (in millimeters) of four males and

two females:

Length(range)

Average

Height (range)

Average

Holotype

0.46

0.25

Males

0.41-0.46

0.43

0. 22-0. 26

0.24

Allotype

0.48

0.29

Females

0.48

0.48

0. 28-0. 29

0.29

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Tributary of the Obion River, 6.0

miles southwest of Wingo on U.S. Hwy. 45, Graves

County, Kentucky. This is the only known locality for

the species.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male and

allotype are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), number

126258. Paratypes are in the collections of C. W.

Hart, Jr. (Id1), H.H.H. Il l (Id1), and the Smithsonian Institution (1 <$, 1 $ ).

HOST.—Fallicambarus hedgpethi (Hobbs)

ENTOCYTHERID ASSOCIATE.—Ankylocythere harmani

Hobbs, 1966:71.

RELATIONSHIPS.—Entocythere tyttha has a very

close relative in E. dentata Crawford, 1965:151. Not

only does the latter have a similar clasping apparatus

but also has three lateral cusps on the distal tooth

of the mandible, thus approaching the pectinate condition found in E. tyttha. In addition, the female genital

complex in the two is remarkably similar. The two

species differ, however, in that the clasping apparatus

FIGURE 5.—Entocythere tyttha, type-locality: a, copulatory complex of male; b, c, clasping apparatus of male; d, shell of male; e, shell of female.
NUMBER 47 13

of E. dentata is more angular and lacks a longitudinal

groove on the external border of the vertical ramus,

and, as pointed out immediately above, the mandible

is not pectinate.

ETYMOLOGY.—Tytthos (Greek) = small; name

chosen because this species is one of the smallest, if

not the smallest, representative of the genus.

Genus Geocythere Hart, 1962

DIAGNOSIS.—Terminal tooth of mandible pectinate.

Male copulatory complex lacking finger guard and

accessory groove; peniferum with ventral portion large,

extending ventrally considerably beyond clasping apparatus, and with conspicuous anteriorly or anterodorsally directed projection; projection obliquely

truncate and extending from anterior surface rather

than being continuous with ventral margin; penis large,

U-shaped, extending anteriorly from base but curved

with apex directed posteroventrally and with spermatic

and prostatic elements contiguous throughout their

lengths. Clasping apparatus somewhat L-shaped, but

only in G. nessoides, new species, clearly divisible into

vertical and horizontal rami; internal border entire

except near distal extremity where annulate or emarginate; external border with one to four prominences

variously situated along distal half of apparatus.

Triunguis female with second antenna lacking accessory pectinate process on distal podomere; genital

complex without J-shaped rod or amiculum but possessing heavily sclerotized genital papilla posterodorsally.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Geocythere geophila Hart, 1959:

159; by designation, Hart, 1962:135.

Key to the Species of the Genus Geocythere

1 External border of clasping apparatus with single protuberance (Figure 76)

G. gyraUa Hart, 1965:257

1' External border of clasping apparatus with more than one protuberance 2

2 (1') Clasping apparatus with prominences along external border at apparent junction of

vertical and horizontal rami, and distalmost portion annulate (Figure 66)

G. nessoides, new species

2' Clasping apparatus with prominences along external border restricted to small area

distal to midlength of horizontal ramus, and distalmost portion bearing denticles

(Figure 7a) G. geophila (Hart, 1959:197)

Geocythere nessoides, new species

FIGURES 6a-d, 8

MALE.—Eye pigmented, located one-fourth shell

length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure 6c) subelliptical with greatest height slightly posterior to midlength. Submarginal setae scarce but somewhat evenly

distributed anteriorly, posteriorly, and ventrally.

Copulatory complex (Figures 6a, b) with peniferum

extending ventrally beyond clasping apparatus for distance greater than length of vertical ramus of apparatus; portion ventral to level of dorsal margin of loop of

spermatic duct 1.5 times longer than portion dorsal

to loop; ventral swollen portion with (1) heavy,

obliquely truncate, and horizontally grooved projection

extending anteriorly, and (2) much smaller subacute

tuberculiform prominence directed posteroventrally

from ventral surface. Clasping apparatus with distinct

vertical and horizontal rami forming angle of approximately 90 degrees, former third longer than latter with

margins entire (although internal border strongly convex) and slender proximal fourth bent posterodorsally;

horizontal ramus with external border bearing four

rounded prominences along proximal half, distal half

of ramus with three annulations and single apical denticle. Dorsal finger with single apical seta; ventral finger slender and sinuous, resembling contour of anterior

margin of peniferum.

TRIUNGUIS FEMALE.—Eye pigmented and situated

as in male. Shell (Figure 6d) similar to that of male

but with concavity on ventral margin anterior to midlength. Genital complex consisting of small posterodorsally situated conical papilla, surrounded by amorphous mass, directed anteroventrally.

Measurements (in millimeters) of ten males and

ten females:

Length (range)

Average

Height (range)

Average

Holotype

0.46

0.27

Males

0. 42-0. 47

0.45

0. 25-0. 27

0.26

Allotype

0.45

0.25

Females

0. 35-0. 50

0.45

0. 23-0. 29

0.26
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

a

FIGURE 6.—Geocythere nessoides, type-locality: a, copulatory complex of male; b, clasping

apparatus of male; c, shell of male; d, shell of female.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Burrows in roadside ditch (Biloxi

River drainage) along U.S. Hwy. 49, 0.7 mile north

of Harrison, Stone County, Mississippi.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male and

allotype are deposited in the National Museum of

.04

mm

a b

FIGURE 7.—Copulatory complexes of males; a, Geocythere

geophila; b, Geocythere gyralea.

Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), numbers

126259 and 126260. Paratypes are in the collections of

NMNH (1 d ) , C. W. Hart, Jr. (1 c*), Daniel J. Peters

(Id), H.H.H. III (5o*), and the Smithsonian Institution (2o", 1?) .

HOSTS.—Cambarus diogenes diogenes Girard, C. d.

ludovicianus Faxon, and Fallicambarus hedgpethi

(Hobbs).

ENTOCYTHERID ASSOCIATES.—Ankylocythere harmani, an undescribed species of each of the genera

Ankylocythere and Ornithocyihere.

RANGE.—This ostracod is associated with one or

two of the burrowing crayfishes listed above in several

localities in the following: MISSISSIPPI—Amite,

Jefferson Davis, Lincoln, Marion, Rankin, Scott, and

Stone counties; LOUISIANA—East Feliciana, St.

Helena, and Tangipahoa parishes (see Figure 8). All of

these localities are in the Lake Pontchartrain, Pearl,

and Biloxi drainage systems.

RELATIONSHIPS.—Geocythere nessoides is perhaps

more closely allied to G. geophila than to the only other

member of the genus, G. gyralea; however, the latter

two are distinctly more similar to each other than is

either to G. nessoides. The most obvious similarities

between G. geophila and G. gyralea are seen in the
NUMBER 47 15

much longer clasping apparatus and the longer peniferum in which the portion ventral to the dorsal level

of the spermatic loop is approximately 2.5 times longer

than the portion dorsal to the loop. The external

border of the clasping apparatus with several prominences, instead of only one, and the shorter penis,

together with the occasional occurrence of a very small

ventral tuberculiform prominence on the peniferum

suggest a closer affinity of G. nessoides to G. geophila

than to G. gyralea. The distinguishing characters of

the three are summarized in the preceding key.

ETYMOLOGY.—Nessa (Greek) = duck+oides=like;

alluding to the resemblance of the distal portion of

the peniferum to the head of a duck.

Lordocythere, new genus

DIAGNOSIS.—Terminal tooth of mandible pectinate.

Copulatory complex of male without finger guard;

peniferum extending ventrally slightly beyond clasping

apparatus with portion ventral to base of latter slender,

its distal fifth tapering to subacute apex, and posterior

margin with distinct acute eminence at level of penis.

Penis C-shaped, consisting of contiguous prostatic and

spermatic elements, and directed posteroventrally.

Clasping apparatus slightly curved and tapering from

base with one small subapical tooth on internal border

and four apical denticles; external border entire. Dorsal finger heavy and two-thirds as long as clasping

apparatus; ventral finger slender and disposed subparallel to clasping apparatus. Triunguis female with

second antenna lacking accessory pectinate process on

distal podomere; genital complex consisting of large

vertically disposed acute projection suspended in

posterodorsal portion of body.

GENDER.—Feminine.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Lordocythere petersi, new species.

ETYMOLOGY.—Lordos (Greek) =bent backward,

in combination with generic name Cythere—referring

to the uniquely posteriorly directed penis of the

type-species.

• - G. nessoides

A - G.gyralea

O - G. geophila

FIGURE 8.—Ranges of the members of the genus Geocythere; G. gyralea is also known to occur

in southern Illinois and Indiana, and in Marshall County, Kentucky.
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Lordocythere petersi, new species

FIGURES 9a-d

MALE.—Eye pigmented, located one-fifth shell

length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure 9c) highly

arched dorsally with posterior portion noticeably higher

than anterior, and posterior margin sloping rather

sharply anteroventrally, thus shortening flattened portion of ventral margin; greatest height almost at midlength. Submarginal setae present anteriorly, ventrally,

and posteriorly. Copulatory complex (Figures 9a, b)

as described in generic diagnosis.

TRIUNGUIS FEMALE.—Eye pigmented, located approximately one-sixth shell length from anterior margin. Shell (Figure 9d) more highly vaulted than that

of male with posterior margin partially vertically disposed and bearing slight concavity; ventral margin also

with shallow concavity anterior to midlength; greatest

height posterior to midlength; submarginal setae as in

male. Genital complex described in generic diagnosis.

Measurements (in millimeters) of ten males and ten

females:

Holotype Males Allotype Females

0.46 0.43-0.47 0.49 0.43-0.49

0.45 0.46

0.28 0.26-0.38 0.30 0.26-0.29

0. 27 0. 28

Length (range)

Average

Height (range)

Average

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Creek and burrows in seepage

area (Cumberland River drainage system), 4.8 miles

southwest of junction of U.S. Hwy. 25W and Interstate Hwy. 85 on U.S. Hwy. 25W, southwest of Corbin,

Whitley County, Kentucky.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male and

allotype are deposited in the National Museum of

Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), numbers

126262 and 126263. Paratypes are in the collections of

C. W. Hart, Jr. (l<f, 1 ? ), Daniel J. Peters (Id1,

1 ? ), H.H.H. Ill (Id, 1 ? ), and the Smithsonian

Institution (3d1, 7 ? ).

HOSTS.—Cambarus sphenoides Hobbs and Cambarus diogenes subsp. served as hosts in the typelocality. In the only other known locality, it was associated with C. diogenes subsp. and an undescribed

member of the same genus.

ENTOCYTHERID ASSOCIATES.—In the type-locality it

was collected with Ascetocythere lita, Donnaldsoncythere tuberosa, Dactylocythere coloholca, and D.

pughae, and in the Tennessee locality with Donnaldsoncythere tuberosa and Dactylocythere brachystrix.

RANGE.—Lordocythere petersi is known from only

two localities, that cited above and a tributary of the

Big South Fork of the Cumberland River, 8.6 miles

north of Oneida on U.S. Hwy. 27, Scott County,

Tennessee.

RELATIONSHIPS.—This ostracod has no close affinities with any other, and while the arclike clasping

apparatus of the male somewhat resembles that of

certain members of the genera Ascetocythere, Plectocythere, and Donnaldsoncythere, in the former two,

not only is the penis directed anteriorly rather than

posteriorly, but also it consists of widely separated

prostatic and spermatic elements. Whereas the members of the genus Donnaldsoncythere have a penis in

which the two elements are combined as they are in

L. petersi, it is much more massive, highly sclerotized,

and directed anteriorly or anteroventrally (at least

basally); furthermore, only in the monotypic Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944:322) is the peniferum

nearly so attenuated ventrally. This, to us, seems to be

a very superficial resemblance, for the serrate condition of the internal border of the clasping apparatus,

the highly sclerotized ventral portion of the peniferum

of the latter, together with the anteriorly directed penis

pose a combination of characters which together are

pose a combination of characters which together are as

unique as are those of L. petersi. As has been indicated

above, L. petersi is the only entocytherid known in

which the penis is, from its base, directed posteriorly.

ETYMOLOGY.—We are pleased to name this species

in honor of our mutual friend, Daniel J. Peters, who

assisted in collecting the specimens on which this

species is based.

Genus Thermastrocythere Hobbs and Walton, 1966

DIAGNOSIS.—Terminal tooth of mandible pectinate.

Male copulatory complex lacking finger guard and

accessory groove; peniferum never extending ventrally

beyond clasping apparatus, and, although slightly

swollen ventrally, never with conspicuous terminal or

sub terminal process or barbed point; penis large, undulating, somewhat S-shaped, consisting of contiguous

spermatic and prostatic elements, and directed anteroventrally; penis together with acute thickening of

posteroventral margin of peniferum rendering forcipate appearance to ventral portion of peniferum.

Clasping apparatus well developed with distinct vertical and horizontal rami; external border of both rami
NUMBER 47 17

FIGURE 9.—Lordocythere peter si, type-locality: a, copulatory complex of male; b, clasping

apparatus of male; c, shell of male; d, shell of female.

and internal border of vertical ramus entire, internal

border of horizontal ramus with two widely separated

teeth and apex of apparatus with four denticles.

Triunguis female with second antenna lacking accessory pectinate process on distal podomere; genital

complex consisting of slender ductule bearing hyaline

cap suspended from sclerotized area with large, apparently delicate, tuberculiform lobe anteriorly.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Thermastrocythere harti Hobbs

and Walton, 1966:8 [=Thermastrocythere riojai

(Hoff, 1943:276)].

REMARKS.—Recently, Dabney G. Hart and the

senior author were examining some of the type-specimens of entocytherids deposited in the Smithsonian

Institution by C. Clayton Hoff and discovered that

among the paratypes of his Entocythere riojai are two

species. Because the holotype is the male member of a

copulating pair, certain features of the copulatory complex are somewhat obscured, and in the mount of HofFs

partially dissected male, from which his illustrations of

the species were made, the penifera are not arranged so

that a lateral view can be obtained, thus giving an

erroneous impression of the details of the peniferum.

Consequently, our previous concept of the species was

based partially on the other two paratypic males in the

series, both of which are members of an undescribed

species of the genus Uncinocythere. The holotype and

the partially dissected paratypic male were discovered

to be almost identical to the holotype of Thermastrocythere harti, which, therefore, becomes a subjective

junior synonym of HofFs Entocythere riojai. Because

we feel that the generic designation of Hobbs and

Walton is appropriate, we offer the following synonymy

for the single species of this genus.

Thermastrocythere riojai (Hoff, 1943)

Entocythere (Cytherites) riojai Hoff, 1943:276-282, fig. 1

A-L.

Uncinocythere riojai.—Hart, 1962:138.

Thermastrocythere harti Hobbs and Walton, 1966: 8-9, figs.

2e-g.

For complete references to the species prior to 1962,

see Hart, 1962:138. To our knowledge, no reference

to the species has appeared in any publication since

Hart's generic revision.

RANGE.—Thermastrocythere riojai is now known to

occur from Minnesota and Wisconsin southward to

New Mexico, Louisiana, and Tennessee.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Literature Cited

Crawford, Edward A., Jr.

1959. Five New Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere

(Ostracoda, Cytheridae) from South Carolina. University of South Carolina Publications, Series III,

Biology, 2(4): 149-189, 5 plates.

1961. Three New Species of the Genus Entocythere

(Ostracoda, Cytheridae) from North and South

Carolina. American Midland Naturalist, 65(1):

236-245, 21 figures.

1965. Three New Species of Epizoic Ostracods (Ostracoda, Entocytheridae) from North and South Carolina. American Midland Naturalist, 74(1):148 -

154, 16 figures.

Hart, C. W., Jr.

1959. The Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere from the

Lower Chattahoochee-Flint Basin: With a Review

of the Occurrence of the Genus in Florida, and

Descriptions of Two New Species. Bulletin, Florida

State Museum, Biological Sciences, 4(6): 193-204,

19 figures.

1962. A Revision of the Ostracods of the Family Entocytheridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia, 114(3): 121-147, 18

figures.

1964. Two New Entocytherid Ostracods from the Vicinity of Washington, D.C. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 77:243-246, 4 figures.

1965. New Entocytherid Ostracods and Distribution Records for Five Midwestern States. Transactions of

the American Microscopial Society, 84(2): 255-

259, 5 figures.

Hart, C. W., Jr., and Dabney G. Hart

1966. Four New Entocytherid Ostracods from Kentucky,

with Notes on the Troglobitic Sagittocythere barri.

Notulae Naturae, 338:1-10, 13 figures.

1969. Evolutionary Trends in the Ostracod Family Entocytheridae, with Notes on the Distributional

Patterns in the Southern Appalachians. In Holt,

Perry C, Richard L. Hoffman, and C. Willard

Hart, Jr., editors, The distributional history of the

biota of the Southern Appalachians. Part 1: Invertebrates. Research Division Monograph 1, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, pp. 179—

190, 21 figures.

Hart, C. W., Jr., and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr.

1961. Eight New Troglobitic Ostracods of the Genus

Entocythere (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from the Eastern United States. Proceedings of the Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 113(8): 173-185,

32 figures.

Hobbs, Horton H., Jr.

1955. Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere from the New

River System in North Carolina, Virginia, and West

Virginia. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 74(4):325-333, 10 figures.

1966. An Illustrated Key to the Species of the Genus

Ankylocythere with a Description of a New Species

from Louisiana (Ostracoda, Entocytheridae). Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 29:

67-75, 18 figures.

1967. A New Genus and Three New Species of Ostracods

with a Key to Genus Dactylocythere (Ostracoda:

Entocytheridae). Proceedings of the United States

National Museum, 122 (3587): 1-9, 1 figure.

Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and C. W. Hart, Jr.

1966. On the Entocytherid Ostracod Genera Ascetocythere, Plectocythere, Phymocythere (gen. nov.),

and Cymocythere, with Descriptions of New

Species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia, 118(2): 35-61, 37 figures.

Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Margaret Walton

1960. Three New Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere

from the Hiwassee Drainage System in Georgia and

Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of

Science, 35(1): 17-23, 20 figures.

1961. Additional New Ostracods from the Hiwassee

Drainage System in Georgia, North Carolina, and

Tennessee. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 80(4): 379-384, 8 figures.

1962. New Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere from the

Mountain Lake Region, Virginia (Ostracoda,

Entocytheridae). Virginia Journal of Science, new

series, 13(2): 42-48, 12 figures.

1963. Three New Ostracods (Ostracoda, Entocytheridae)

from the Duck River Drainage in Tennessee.

American Midland Naturalist, 69(2) :456-461, 10

figures.

1966. A New Genus and Six New Species of Entocytherid

Ostracods (Ostracoda, Entocytheridae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum,

119(3542): 1-12, 2 figures.

1968. New Entocytherid Ostracods from the Southern

United States. Proceedings of the Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 120(6):237-

252, 3 figures.

1970. New Entocytherid Ostracods from Tennessee and

Virginia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of

Washington, 82:851-863, 3 figures.

Hobbs, H. H., Ill

1965. Two New Genera and Species of the Ostracod

Family Entocytheridae with a Key to the Genera.

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 78:159-164, 6 figures.

1969. A New Genus and Two New Species of Entocytherid Ostracods from Alabama and Mississippi.

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82:167-170, 5 figures.

Hoff, C. Clayton

1943. Two New Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere and

Records of Previously Described Species. Journal

of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 33(9):

276-286, 2 figures.

1944. New American Species of the Ostracod Genus

Entocythere. American Midland Naturalist, 32(2):

327-357, 33 figures.
NUMBER 47 19

Marshall, W. S.

1903. Entocythere cambaria n. g. n. sp., a Parasitic Ostracod. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of

Sciences, Arts and Letters, 14(1): 117-144, plates

X-XIII, 30 figures.

Rioja, Enrique

1942. Estudios carcinologicos. XIII. Consideraciones y

datos acerca del genero Entocythere (Crust.

Ostracodos) y algunas de sus especies, con descripcion de una nueva. Anales del Instituto de Biologia,

Mexico, 13(2):685-697, 21 figures.

1955. Estudios carcinologicos. XXXII. Primeros datos

acerca de las especies del g6nero Entocythere

(Crustaceos Ostracodos) de la Isla de Cuba. Anales

del Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, 26(1): 193-197,

9 figures.



Publication in Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

Manuscripts for serial publications are accepted by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject

to substantive review, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums. NonSmithsonian authors should address inquiries to the appropriate department. If submission is

invited, the following format requirements of the Press will govern the preparation of copy.

(An instruction sheet for the preparation of illustrations is available from the Press on request.)

Copy must be typewritten, double-spaced, on one side of standard white bond paper, with

1/4" top and left margins, submitted in ribbon copy with a carbon or duplicate, and accompanied

by the original artwork. Duplicate copies of all material, including illustrations, should be retained

by the author. There may be several paragraphs to a page, but each page should begin with a new

paragraph. Number consecutively all pages, including title page, abstract, text, literature cited,

legends, and tables. The minimum length is 30 pages of typescript and illustrations.

The title should be complete and clear for easy indexing by abstracting services. Taxonomic

titles will carry a final line indicating the higher categories to which the taxon is referable:

"(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." Include an abstract as an introductory part of the text. Identify

the author on the first page of text with an unnumbered footnote that includes his professional

mailing address. A table of contents is optional. An index, if required, may be supplied by the

author when he returns page proof.

Two headings are used: (1) text heads (boldface in print) for major sections and chapters

and (2) paragraph sideheads (caps and small caps in print) for subdivisions. Further headings

may be worked out with the editor.

In taxonomic keys, number only the first item of each couplet; if there is only one couplet,

omit the number. For easy reference, number also the taxa and their corresponding headings

throughout the text; do not incorporate page references in the key.

In synonymy, use the short form (taxon, author, date, page) with a full reference at the end

of the paper under "Literature Cited." Begin each taxon at the left margin with subsequent lines

indented about three spaces. Within a taxon, use a period-dash (.—) to separate each reference.

Enclose with square brackets any annotation in or at the end of the taxon. For references within

the text, use the author-date system: "(Jones, 1910)" or "Jones (1910)." If the reference is

expanded, abbreviate the data: "Jones (1910, p. 122, pi. 20: fig. 1)."

Simple tabulations in the text (e.g., columns of data) may carry headings or not, but they

should not contain rules. Formal tables must be submitted as pages separate from the text, and

each table, no matter how large, should be pasted up as a single sheet of copy.

For measurements and weights, use the metric system instead of (or in addition to) the

English system.

Illustrations (line drawings, maps, photographs, shaded drawings) can be intermixed

throughout the printed text. They will be termed Figures and should be numbered consecutively;

however, if a group of figures is treated as a single figure, the individual components should be

indicated by lowercase italic letters on the illustration, in the legend, and in text references:

"Figure 9b." If illustrations (usually tone photographs) are printed separately from the text as

full pages on a different stock of paper, they will be termed Plates, and individual components

should be lettered (Plate 9b) but may be numbered (Plate 9: figure 2). Never combine the

numbering system of text illustrations with that of plate illustrations. Submit all legends on pages

separate from the text and not attached to the artwork.

In the bibliography (usually called "Literature Cited"), spell out book, journal, and article

titles, using initial caps with all words except minor terms such as "and, of, the." (For capitalization of titles in foreign languages, follow the national practice of each language.) Underscore

(for italics) book and journal titles. Use the colon-parentheses system for volume, number, and

page citations: "10(2) :5-9." Spell out such words as "figures" and "plates" (or "pages" when

used alone).

For free copies of his own paper, a Smithsonian author should indicate his requirements on

"Form 36" (submitted to the Press with the manuscript). A non-Smithsonian author will receive

50 free copies; order forms for quantities above this amount with instructions for payment will be

supplied when page proof is forwarded.