7. Line and Ground Connections

Annual inspection. - Check and tighten line and ground connections.
Check ground lead for corrosion or damage below ground line. Check
ground resistance. See that all leads are as short and direct as
possible, in accordance with Power O&M Bulletin No. 5A.

87



19. Main Terminal and Ground Connections

Monthly inspection. - Check for presence of foreign material, birds'

nests, etc., in or near connecting bus work, loose or heating con-
nections, and loose or broken tank ground connections.

Annual inspection. - Tighten all bus and ground connections. Re-
finish joint contact surfaces if they have been overheating. In-
spect ground cable to see that it is not loose or broken.

20. Core and Coils

Not scheduled. - If the transformer has been properly maintained
and not overheated and barring internal failure, it should not

require untanking within its normal life. If sludge has been
allowed to form due to overheating and oxidation of the oil, the

transformer should be untanked and the core, coils, oil passages,
tank, and water-cooling coils washed down with clean oil under

pressure to remove sludge and other accumulations which prevent
proper circulation of the oil. Inflammable liquids should not be
used in cleaning the core, coils, or inside of vank. Provide suf-
ficient fresh air for workman while working inside of tank. While
untanked, check for loose laminations, core bolts, insulating
blocks, etc., and other pertinent features on the check list.

21. Internal Inspection

Not scheduled. - Lower the oil level to at least the top of the
core. Inspect for sludge on core and windings. Inspect underside
of cover for moisture and rust and cleanup. Check connections at
terminal board. Tighten all bolted connections, core bolts, etc.,
within reach.

22. Ratio Adjuster

Monthly inspection. - Note position of ratio adjuster and that it
is adequately locked to prevent unauthorized operation.

Annual inspection. - Inspect contacts and clean if reachable on

internal inspection. If not reachable for visual inspection, check
each position with wheatstone bridge across winding to detect poor
contact. Work adjuster back and forth over complete range several

times.

81



Annual inspection. - Tighten guy wires and clamps. After the first
year of operation of the line, this can be extended to 2- to 5-year
intervals. Apply emulsified asphalt paint on rusty spots on cable
and guy rods 18 inches above and below ground line.

7. Warning Signs
Annual inspection. - See that an adequate number of warning signs

are used on structures, fences, etc., and that they are securely
attached.

8. Ground Wires and Connections

Monthly inspection. - Make from-the-ground check to detect loose or
broken pole downleads, or broken or corroded ground connections.

Annual inspection. - Tighten clamps on ground connections. Inspect
counterpoise conductors at intervals for corrosion and poor connec-
tions. This is particularly important in corrosive soil. Check
resistance of ground connections and counterpoise. See that ground
wire on poles and at tower footings is adequately protected from
being broken.

9. Main Conductors and Overhead Ground Wires

Monthly inspection. - Make from-the-ground inspection with field
glasses to detect broken strands, incorrect sag and clearances, etc.

Annual inspection. - Adjust sag and clearances where necessary.
Tighten connections between overhead ground wires and downleads.
Inspect conductors and overhead ground wires at supporting clamps
at 5-year intervals for signs of weakening and burns, and reinforce
as necessary.

10. Conductor Splices

Annual inspection. - Inspect splices with field glasses to detect
failure.

11. Vibration Dampers

Annual inspection. - Tighten damper supports and grading shields
at same time that conductor clamps are tightened.

91



CHAPTER XIV - SWITCHYARDS

1. Inspection Checklist

Inspection

_____Items_of inspection _ interval
Yard and fences M A
Wood structures
Steel structures See Chapter on
Footings and guy anchors Transmission
Guys Lines, p 88
Warning signs
Ground connections M A
Conductors and buses M A
Hardware See Chapter on
Insulators Transmission
Lines, p 88
Transformers and regulators See Chapter on
Transformers,
p 76
Oil and air circuit breakers See Chapter on
Circuit
Breakers,
p 58

72


CHAPTER XVII - TRANSMISSION LINES

69-kv transmission line on left. 115-kv transmission line
on right. Photo CPS0-D-68169NA.

1. Inspection Checklist

Inspection
Items of inspection interval

Wood poles M
Crossarms, pins, and braces

Steel towers M
Footings and guy anchors MN
Guys M
Warning signs

Ground wires and connections M
Main conductors and overhead ground wires M
Conductor splices

Vibration dampers

Hardware M
Insulators b
Right-of-way M
Line maintenance tools NS

PrrPrrrrr>e>orrorr>y

M - Routine monthly inspection when in service.
A - Annual inspection.
NS - Not scheduled.

88


References

Power O&M Bulletin No. 23, Fire--Fighting, Cause, and Prevention
(CO> Test)
Bureau Paint Manual and Field Painting of Metalwork

2. Doors and Windows

Monthly inspection. - Check for general condition of windows, door
locks, etc. Keep window glass clean. Replace broken glass.
Annual inspection. - Check windows and window operators, latches,

etc. Check doors, hinges, lock operators, etc. Repaint frames,
doors, and sash as necessary.

3. Electric Space leaters and Ventilating Fans

Weekly inspection. - Visual inspection to see that heaters and
ventilating fans are functioning properly in their respective
seasons of use.

Annual inspection. - Check control thermostats, contactors, and
fans for proper operation. Check heating elements of heaters for
open circuits, short circuits, and damaged insulation. Check air-

circulating ducts. Check for adequacy of the heating and venti-
lating facilities during cold and hot weather, respectively.

4. Water Supply and Drain Piping
Annual inspection. - Check for leaks and repair as necessary. Check
for obstructions in supply and drain piping and remove as necessary.

5. Water Heaters and Coolers

Weekly inspection. - Visual inspection to see that water heaters
and coolers are functioning properly.

Annual inspection. - Check electric water heaters for burned out or
grounded elements. Flush from bottom of tank and observe for signs
of rust. Check thermostat operation and clean contacts. Check water
cooler refrigerating element. Lubricate if required.

94



Remove the dirt from around the pole to a depth of about 15
inches. Remove the fungus rot material. Distribute a pound
of sodium fluoride in powdered form against the pole to a
point above the ground line and in the bottom of the trench.
Backfill the dirt loosely against the pole. Form a narrow
trench around the pole and about 10 inches deep. Pour

1-1/2 gallons of the creosote-coal-tar mixture against the
pole all around to a height of about 18 inches above the
ground line so as to go into all cracks. A container with
a flattened spout which will pour a fan-shaped stream is
convenient for applying the creosote. After a short period,
the creosote-saturated soil should be pressed back against
the pole to fill up the trench. If the pole is located where
the presence of creosote would not be objectionable on the
surface of the ground, an additional one-half gallon of
creosote should be applied over the backfilled dirt.

4. Steel Towers

Monthly inspection. - Make from-the-ground check of structure for
Signs of rusting or loose or damaged members.

Annual inspection. - Make close inspection of the above. Tighten
all bolts at 5-year intervals. Brush rusty spots with wire brush
and apply a good paint such as gray emulsified asphalt. Apply two
coats of black emulsified asphalt paint on the tower legs 18 inches
above and below the ground line and over the top of concrete foot-
ings where used.

5. Footings and Guy Anchors

Monthly inspection. - Check condition of footings and anchors par-
ticularly in locations subject to soil erosion, movement, or settling.

Annual inspection. - Check concrete footings for cracking and spal-
ling. See that footings and anchors are firmly set. Stub poles as
necessary. Check anchors and other buried metalwork for corrosion,
at intervals of about 3 years, especially in corrosive soil, and
apply cathodic protection if necessary. (See Power O&M Bulletin
No. 25.)

6. Guys
Monthly inspection. - Check for tightness and general condition.

90


CHAPTER XVI - LIGHTNING ARRESTERS

115-kv lightning arresters at left. Photo P-214-D-68170NA

1. Inspection Checklist

Inspection

Items of inspection __ interval

Base and supports M A

Porcelain shells and insulators A

Grading rings A

Arrester units NS

Gaps A

Line and ground connections A
Pressure-relief diaphrams M

M - Routine monthly inspection when in service.
A - Annual inspection.

NS - Not scheduled.

References

Power O&M Bulletin No. SA, Proper Installation of Lightning Arresters

85


1. Inspection Checklist - Continued

Inspection

Items of inspection interval =
Gas analysis A
Bushings M A
Tap setting A
Main terminal and ground connections M A
Core and coils NS
Internal inspection NS
Ratio adjuster M A
Insulation resistance A
Oil dielectric A
Oil acidity S year
Filter and reclaim oil NS

D - Routine daily inspection when in service. Pl

W - Routine weekly inspection when in service.
M - Routine monthly inspection when in service.

A - Annual inspection.
NS - Not scheduled,
References

Power OGM Bulletin No. 1, Testing and Maintenance of High Voltage

Bushings :
Power O§M Bulletin No. 3, Testing core Insulation of Electrical

Equipment

Power O&M Bulletin No. 6, Permissible Overloading of Oil Immersed
Transformers and Regulators

Power O&M Bulletin No. 11, Maintenance of Liquid Insulation-Mineral

Oils and Askarels .
Power O&M Bulletin No. 14, Painting of Transformers and Circuit

Breakers .
Power OGM Bulletin No. 23, Fires-Fighting, Cause and Prevention

(COz Test)

2. Foundation, Rails, and Trucks

Annual inspection. - Check foundation for cracking and settling. —

A slight shift of the transformers may break bushings: or. connecting
oil or water lines, See that rail stops are firnly-in- place to hold

transformer in position on the rails. Check transfer car and match-
ing of its rails with transformer deck rails at each position. Paint

metalwork as needed.

77



(i) Open all station-service breakers, then open the station-
service transformer switch.

(j) Open the main power disconnect breaker in the motor control
equipment and lock it in the open position.

(k) Open the switchyard gang-operated interrupter switch and
lock it in the open position.

(1) After the switchyard transformer has been deenergized for
a few days and has cooled off, the oil should be brought to the
proper "full" level.

(m) Remove all loose equipment from the plant and reservoir
site to minimize possible targets for vandals.

(n) To prevent damage to the structure and pumps due to freezing
weather, the sump should be unwatered during the winter shutdown.

100

GPO 833-013


CHAPTER XIX - SEASONAL MAINTENANCE

1. Spring Startup

Before the pumping plants are energized each spring it is important
that adequate cleanup and equipment inspection be performed to insure
that equipment is not damaged or will not be damaged on initial an-
nual startup. The checklist for spring startup is given below and
should be used as a guide in preparing the plants for startup. The
items are listed in the preferred order of performance so that each
item of equipment will be ready for operation approximately when it
is needed.

(4) Notify the organization or agency responsible for furnish-
ing power that their metering and switchyard equipment should
be checked and prepared for spring startup.

(b) Check that switchyard disconnect switches are open.

(c) As applicable:

(1) Check that switchyard interrupter switch is locked
open.

(2) Clean transformer bushings and lightning arresters.
(3) Check transformer for oil leaks.

(4) Perform Meggar test on transformer windings per
manufacturer's instructions.

(5) Perform dielectric test on transformer oil per
manufacturer's instructions.

(6) Perform all other required transformer checks per
manufacturer's instructions.

(7) Clean all switchyard insulators.
(d) Drain or pump out the remaining water in the pump sump and
remove silt and debris. Check the pump suction piece to ascer-
tain that the entrance to the pump is free of foreign material.

(e) Clean and check access roads to plant and reservoir site.

(£) Clean and check drainage features around plant and reservoir
site.

(g) Clean and check feeder canal.

97



3. Ground Connections

Monthly inspection. - Visual inspection to see that structure and
apparatus ground leads are not loose or broken.

Annual inspection. - Check and tighten connectors and clamps in
ground leads. Check ground leads to a point at least a foot below
ground line to see that they are not broken or corroding. Check
resistance of ground rods or ground mat.

4. Conductors and Buses
Monthly inspection. - Make from-the-ground check of conductors to
detect broken or damaged strands or loose connections.

Annual inspection. - Adjust sag in tension buses where necessary.
Check tubular buses and flexible expansion joints and adjust if
necessary to relieve strain on post-type insulators and bushings.
Check joints for looseness and heating. Tighten connectors and

clamps.

5. Lighting
Monthly inspection. - Note burned-out lamp bulbs in yard and build-
ing fixtures and have them replaced.

Annual inspection. - Try out all lights and note whether they are
all in proper operating condition. Clean lamp bulbs, lenses, and
reflectors. In locations subject to excessive bugs, an additional
cleaning may be necessary after the bug season has passed. Tighten
fixtures and other lighting devices. Check lighting circuit time
switches or other automatic control devices.

6. Oil Storage Facilities

Monthly inspection. - Check for oil leaks in storage tanks. Note
amount of oil on hand and see that receiving tank is maintained
empty when not in actual use for draining oil from transformers
or breakers in an emergency.

Annual inspection. - Check and repair oil leaks. Check valves,
plugs, and piping. See that valves on active storage tanks, which
can be operated without a wrench, are plugged or locked closed.
Drain condensate from storage tank sump. Repaint tanks and piping
if necessary. Check operation of oil pumps. Check hoses and other
accessories used in draining or refilling apparatus tanks. (See
Chapter IX, page 42, on Oil Pumps.) Check for corrosion of buried
oil piping and apply cathodic protection if necessary. (See Power
O&M Bulletin No. 25.)

74


1. Inspection Checklist - Continued

Inspection
Items of inspection _ interval
Disconnecting switches and See Chapter on Discon-
fuses necting Switches, p 68
Lightning arresters See Chapter on Lightning
Arresters, p 85
Control equipment See Chapter on Control
Equipment, p 31
Lighting M A
Oil storage facilities M A
Conduit, ducts, trenches, and
tunnels M A
Storage batteries and chargers See Chapter on Compres-
sors and Miscellaneous
Pumps, p 42
Power supplies and wiring M A

M - Routine monthly inspection when in service.
A - Annual inspection.

References:

Power OGM Bulletin No. 8, Dependable Electrical Contacts
Power Maintenance Instruction No. 9, Retaining Glaze Burned Insu-
lators in Service, dated
September 21, 1967
Power OGM:Bulletin No. 25, Use of Cathodic Protection of Buried
, and Submerged Metals in Corrosion
Prevention in Electric Power
Installations

2. Yard and Fences

Monthly inspection. - Check for anything unusual on the premises.
See that gates, buildings, switches, etc., are locked where nec-
essary to prevent unauthorized persons from entering or tampering
with equipment.

Annual al inspection. - Check fence and gates for damage or openings
through which animals or unauthorized persons might enter. Check
fence ground connections. Cut weeds and grass as necessary, and
apply weed killers where found to be effective. Repair eroded soil
banks, retaining walls, roads, and walks. Clean up and remove
rubbish. Check danger signs on fence and gates.

73



2. Base and Support

Monthy inspection. - Visual inspection to detect cracking, settling,
or shifting of base or supports which might place strain on arrester
units.

Annual inspection. - Check for cracking, settling, or shifting of
ase or supports. Check tension on spring tiedowns on suspended
arresters in hottest and coldest weather and adjust as necessary.

Clean and revarnish wooden supports for oxide-film arresters as
necessary. Tighten bolts and screws.

3. Porcelain Shells and Insulators

Annual inspection. - Clean porcelain insulators and arrester unit
shells. Repair chipped spots on porcelain with lacquer such as red

glyptal.

4. Grading Rings

Annual inspection. - Check and tighten grading rings on high-voltage
arresters.

5. Arrester Units

Monthly inspection. - Inspect monthly for ruptured pressure-relief
diaphrams.

Not scheduled. - It would generally not be practical or necessary

to dismantle an arrester unit such as a General Electric thyrite
unit for inspection of the thyrite discs, gaps, resistors, etc.
However, if any tests or outside inspection, indicate possible damage
from a heavy discharge, all internal parts should be inspected and
replaced as necessary. Check for condensation inside of unit.
General Electric does not recommend rebuilding any arrester that

has ruptured a pressure-relief diaphram.

6. Gaps

Annual inspection. - Check external gaps, smooth off arc-burned
spots, and readjust spacing.

86


CHAPTER XV - TRANSFORMERS

P214-D-58288

1, Inspection Checklist

Inspection

Items of inspection interval

Foundation, rails, and trucks A
Tanks and radiators M

Oil and water piping A

Oil levels, gages, and relays M A

Breathers and vents M
Relief diaphragin

Water-cooling coils and piping

Flow indicators and relays D
Oil pumps D
Cooling fans and water sprays D
Temperature indicators and relays M
Inert gas tanks

Gas regulator gages, and relays W
Gas piping and valves

>rrrrrrrr>

76


12. Hardware

Monthly inspection. - Make from-the-ground inspection of hardware
to detect loose bolts, pins, etc.

Annual inspection. - Tighten all clamps, pole bands, and other
hardware. After first year of operation of the line, this can be
extended to 2- to 5-year intervals. Paint rusty spots with gray
emulsified asphalt or similar paint.

13. Insulators

Monthly inspection. - Make from-the-ground inspection of condition
of insulators to detect broken skirts and excessive dirt.

Annual inspection. - Replace broken insulators. Repair chipped
or glaze-burned spots with lacquer such as red glyptal. Clcan
insulators with water, chlorothene, or other suitable cleaner,

if subject to excessive dirt or smoke. Check insulators at

5-year intervals with an insulator tester if a reliable tester
is available.

14, Right-of-way

Monthly inspection. - Check for anything unusual, such as accumu-
lation of dry materials around base of poles which might result
in fire damage.

Annual inspection. - In late summer or fall, clean away dry weeds
and grass for a diameter of 10 feet around the base of each struc-
ture and guy anchor to prevent possible damage by fire. Structures
located in fence corners where tumbleweeds tend to accumulate may
require frequent attention during the dry season. Clear away brush
and trees at S-year intervals. Weed-killing chemicals may prove
successful for use in stopping growth around structures.

15. Line Maintenance Tools

Not scheduled. - See that tools are kept clean, dry, and in safe

condition for use at all times.

Annual inspection. - Check over all tools such as hammers, wrenches,
pliers, screwdrivers, drills, saws, axes, crowbars, picks, shovels,
snatch blocks, ropes, chains, cables, cable grips, sheaves, etc.
Have damaged or unsafe tools repaired or replaced. Check hot-line
tools according to the manufacturer's instructions. Check rubber
gloves, blankets, etc., according to Power O&M Bulletin No. 15.

92


CHAPTER XIII - DISCONNECTING SWITCIIES AND FUSES

477-100-130

Inspection
ee: Items of inspection _ interval _
Base and mounting A
Insulators W A
Line and ground connections A
Blades and contacts W A
Contact and hinge springs and shunts A
Arcing horns A
Blade latches and stops W A
Operating rods, levers, and cranks A
Gearboxes A
Operating motor A
Auxiliary and limit switches A
Locks and interlocks W A
Switch sticks W A
Fuse tubes A
Fuse links A
Multiple-shot reclosing fuse W A

W - Routine weekly inspection when in service.
A - Annual inspection.

68


8. Water-cooling Coils and Piping

Annual inspection. - Check external supply and drain piping for
leaks. Flush out cooling coils or heat exchanger water passages
with air and water. Test coils for leaks by applying air pressure
to coils and observing for bubbles rising in oil and drop in air
pressure with supply valve closed, or use a hydrostatic pressure

test. A pressure of about 75 pounds per square inch is recommended.
If water scale is present, circulate a solution of 25 percent hydro-

chloric acid and water through the coils until clean. Then flush
out thoroughly. Clean external surfaces of coils.

9. Flow Indicators and Relays

Daily inspection. - See that proper supply of cooling water is
Flowing.

Annual inspection. - Check waterflow indicators and relays for
proper operation.

10. Oi] Pumps

Daily inspection. - See that oil-circulating pumps are in operation
when required.

Annual inspection. - See Chapter IX - Compressors and Miscellaneous
Pumps, page 42.

11. Cooling Fans and Water Sprays

Daily inspection. - See that fans are in operation when necessary
and that water spray is adjusted.

Annual inspection. - Check motors as described in Chapter III -
Electric Motors, page 17. Check switchboards and control equip-
ment as described in Chapter VI - Switchboards and Control Equip-

ment, page 31.

12. Temperature Indicators and Relays

Monthly inspection. - Check and record transformer temperatures.

Annual inspection. - Check calibration of temperature indicators
and relays. Check and clean relay contacts and operating mechanism.

79



3. Tanks and Radiators

Monthly inspection. - Check for unusual noise and oil and water
Teaks.

4. Qil and Water Piping

Annual inspection. - Clean dirt and oil from radiating surfaces.
‘epaint as necessary. Stop excessive vibration of radiator tubes.
Tighten loose or vibrating parts. Check for unusual internal noises.
Inspect oil and water piping, valves, and plugs. Manipulate radi-
ator cutoff valves to see that they are in operating condition, and
secure in the open position. See that all oil drain valves which

can be operated without wrenches are plugged or locked to prevent
unauthorized opening.

5. Oil Levels, Gages, and Relays

Monthly inspection. - Check oil level in main and auxiliary tanks,
oil-fitted bushings, etc. Changes in oil levels from time to time
should be noted, taking into consideration the change in level caused
by change in oil temperature. A rise in level in a water-cooled

transformer (for a given temperature) indicates that water is leak-
ing from the cooling coils into the oil.

Annual inspection. - Clean dirty gage glasses and connections into
tank. Check oil level indicators and relays for proper operation.
Replenish oil if below normal. Drain out and replace bushing oil

if dirty or discolored.

6. Breathers and Vents

Monthly inspection. - See that relief diaphragm has not opened and
breathers and vents appear to be normal.

7. Relief Diaphragm

Annual inspection. - See that relief diaphgram is in operating
condition and closes tightly. The non-shattering-type diaphragm
should be actuated to see that it is not stuck shut from rust or

paint. Make sure that the material used in the shattering-type
diaphragm is not too thick or tough to be broken by reasonable

internal pressure. See that screens and baffles in vents or breath-
ers are not obstructed or broken. If breathers are of the dehy-

drating type, check chemicals and replace if depleted.

78


2.

(z) Clean and check each valve for loose fittings. Lubricate
per manufacturer's instructions.

(aa) Clean and check each sump float switch and each instrument
shelter float-operated mechanism to see that they operate smoothly.
Lubricate per manufacturer's instructions.

(bb) Clean and check the flowmeter and recorder. Check the
recorder ink and chart supply and lubricate per manufacturer's
instructions.

(cc) Check to see that the manifold drain valve is closed.

(dd) Test the valve operating system by opening and closing
each valve.

(ee) Check the oil or grease cups to be certain the mechanical
seals are adequately lubricated.

Fall Shutdown

Following system shutdown at the end of each irrigation season, the
pumping plant should be prepared for unattended winter shutdown.
The checklist for fall shutdown is given below and should he used
as a guide for preparing the plant for shutdown. The procedure
should be in approximately the order listed.

(a) Shut down all deliveries at the sectionalizing valves.

(b) Drain the exposed pipeline.

(c) Fill all reservoirs to maximum water level.

(d) Notify the organization or agency responsible for furnishing
power that its switchyard and metering equipment should be checked
and prepared for winter shutdown.

(e) Open each pumping unit motor isolating switch.

(f) Check each piece of plant equipment for worn or broken
parts and order the parts for arrival before spring starting.

(g) Check and clean the flow recorder including removal of the
ink supply.

(h) Raise the instrument shelter floats from their floatwells
and store the floats on the floor of the instrument shelter. The
sump float switch float on the pumping plant deck should be left
in the guide-pipe, unless the float can be readily removed and
stored in a sheltered location.

99



(h) Clean and check reservoir inlet structure.
(i) Clean and check reservoir overflow structure.
(j) Clean and check instrument shelter floatwell inlet pipes.

(k) Clean and check pumping plant trashracks, moss screens,
and intake pipes.

(1) Clean and check fences.

(m) Clean and check delivery stand, meter, and valve equipment
at each delivery point.

(n) Check for excessive weed growth in and around reservoir.

(0) Check that all motor control breakers and switches are
open.

(p) Check the recording demand meter to see that adequate sup-
plies of carbon tape and recording tape are available.

(q) Check and close the switchyard fused disconnect switches.
(r) Close the switchyard interrupter disconnect switch.

(s) Close the main power disconnect breaker in the motor con-
trol equipment.

(t) Close station-service transformer switch.

(u) Close the station-service breakers for the motor control
equipment heaters (if applicable) and the lights and receptacles.
Close the remaining breakers only as they are needed.

(v) Energize motor control equipment space heaters 2 weeks prior

to plant startup.

(w) Clean in and around all plant equipment. A vacuum-type
cleaner is recommended where practicable.

(x) Clean all lighting fixtures and replace all burned-out
lamps.

(y) Clean and check each pump and associated motor to see that
they rotate smoothly when turned by hand. Check for loose fit-
tings and oil leaks. Change the pump and motor lubricant per
manufacturer's instructions.

98


7. Conduits, Ducts, Trenches, and Tunnels

Monthly inspection. - Visual inspection to detect moisture or other
unusual conditions in conduit and duct runs, cable trenches, and
tunnels.

Annual inspection. - Make close observation of above and provide
suitable waterproofing and drains where necessary. Check runs of
metal conduit in soil for signs of corrosion. Paint metalwork in

tunnels and cable trenches as necessary.

8. Power Supplies and Wiring

Monthly inspection. - See that power is available on all essential
power, lighting, and control circuits.

Annual inspection. - Inspect fuses or circuit breakers on power,
Tighting, and control circuits. Check and tighten wiring connec-
tions at terminal points. Inspect wiring for open circuits, short

circuits, and damaged insulation. Check insulation resistance of
wiring with devices connected.

Delano-Earlimart Irrigation District Lateral 115.8£, Plant D-18
and Switchyard. Friant Division, Central Valley Project,
California. Photo P214-D-58287


References

Power Maintenance Instruction No. 9, Retaining Glaze Burned Insula-
tors in Service, dated
September 21, 1967
Power O&M Bulletin No. 15, Care and Testing of Lineman's Rubber
Protective Equipment
Power O&M Bulletin No. 25, Use of Cathodic Protection of Buried and
Submerged Metals in Corrosion Prevention
in Electric Power Installations

General. - Make ground or airplane patrol of line at intervals of
about 1 month to detect general deterioration that should be re-
paired by the line crew.

2. Wood Poles

Monthly inspection. - Make from-the-ground check of poles for signs
of decay, misalinement, and damage from lightning or other causes.
Check crossarms for splitting.

3. Crossarms, Pins, and Braces

Annual inspection. - Make close inspection of the above. Repair
or replace split or weakened poles, crossarms, or braces. See that
pins are tight in arms and insulators.

Deterioration of ar untreated wood pole in service begins in the
ground section due to infection by wood-destroying fungi which are
usually present in one form or another in the soil and air. The
destructive fungi, once established, will continue to attack the
wood unless stopped by the application of some preventive. The
section of pole most subject to deterioration is from a few inches
above to about 15 inches below the ground line.

Two general classes of preservatives are (a) oily materials such as
creosote and (b) water solutions of toxic salts such as zinc chlo-
ride and sodium fluoride. Sodium fluoride penetrates well but is
not permanent, while creosote or a mixture of creosote and coal tar
is more permanent but does not penetrate as well. For this reason,
a combination of sodium fluoride, creosote, and coal tar has been
used and found very satisfactory and has increased the life of
poles by about 6 years. Apply this treatment at 5-year intervals.

The treatment of standing poles, using sodium fluoride, creosote,
and coal tar, can be applied as follows:

89



6. Wash Basins, Sinks, Showers, Toilets, Etc.

Weekly inspection. - Check for dripping faucets and valves and other
Teaks, and repair as necessary. See that all equipment is maintained
in clean and sanitary condition.

7. Water Supply

Weekly inspection. - Check purity and cleanliness of drinking water.
Check operation of purifying equipment. Check amount of drinking
water in storage and see that supply pumps are in operating condition.

Annual inspection. - Check and clean water storage tanks. Check
supply intake for cleanliness and freedom from obstruction. Check
purifying equipment. Check and overhaul water-supply pumps, float
switches, pressure switches, pressure reducers, etc. Check motors
and control equipment.

8. Lighting

Weekly inspection. - Try out normal and emergency lights to see
that they are in operating condition, and replace burned out lamps.

9, Fire Protection

Monthly inspection. - Visual inspection of sprinkler system, water-
Supply control, and fire doors. Flush sprinkler system branch lines.
Check fire extinguishers as follows and see that they are kept in
specified locations:

15-pound and similar portable C02, weigh monthly

75- and 100-pound wheel-type portable C02, weigh quarterly
Fixed C02 cylinders (usually 50-pound), weigh semiannually
Soda-acid (all water-solution types), inspect quarterly

Flush fire hydrants and inspect hose carts, hose, nozzles, etc.,
quarterly. Review firefighting procedure with all personnel con-
cerned two to four times annually.

Annual inspection. - Test a few sprinkler heads at random for correct
operation. Test operation of fire doors.

10. Conduit and Fittings

Annual inspection. - Inspect conduit, condulets, outlet, and switch-
boxes, etc., for rust or deterioration from moisture or alkali. Check
conduits for proper drainage. Arrange to keep such metalwork as dry
as possible.

95



Annual inspection. - See that locks and keys Operate as intended.

Check mechanical interlocks, such as between main disconnecting
switch and ground switch, for foolproof operation.

14, Switch Sticks

Weekly inspection. - See that wooden swi tch-operating sticks are in

good condition and are kept in a dry place.

Annual inspection. - Inspect wooden Operating sticks for cracks,
splinters, I e heads, and checked varnish. Broken or badly
checked high-voltage sticks should be destroyed, as splicing or
repairing may result in low dielectric strength. Good sticks
should be revarnished frequently. Care must be exercised in re-
varnishing to see that stick is thoroughly dry and that varnish
does not contain moisture or other foreign conducting material.
Check varnish with an oil test set before use. See that means for
keeping sticks dry is adequate.

15. Fuse Tubes

Annual inspection. - Check fuse tubes for carbonizing or other
deterioration.

16. Fuse Links

Annual inspection. - See that fuse links are secure at the terminals
and are not overheating. Sec that extra links or new fuses are
kept on hand.

17, Multiple-

Weekly inspection. - Note whether operation has occurred and re-

place blown fuse.

Annual inspection. - Check fuse latching and tripping mechanism for
proper operation.

71



23. Insulation Resistance

Annual test. - Check the insulation resistance between each winding
and between each winding and ground. Disconnect all external leads
at the bushing terminals, except where the connecting leads can be
suitably isolated at adjacent disconnecting switches, for this test.
A similar test using a capacitance bridge is recommended where such
an instrument is available.

24. Oil Dielectric

Annual test. - Check the dielectric strength of the insulating oil
in the main and auxiliary tanks and oil-filled bushings. (See Power
O&M Bulletin No. 11.)

25. Oil Acidity

The acidity of the insulating oil in the main tank should be checked
at intervals of not more than 5 years. ‘Transformers operating at
high temperatures or showing signs of sludging or dark color of the
oil should be checked more frequently. Oil may be checked in the
field with a Gerin test kit or samples sent to the Denver Laboratory.

26. Filter and Reclaim Oil

Not scheduled. - The necessity for filtering and/or reclaiming the
insulating oil will depend on the results obtained from the oil
dielectric and oil acidity tests. It may be more economical to
replace the oil in small transformers rather than filter or reclaim
it.

At each inspection, it may be desirable that a more complete report
be made showing briefly what was found and what was done. A form
similar to POGM-151, Figure 7, pages 83 and 84, may be used for
this purpose.

82


PERCENT OXYGEN

NITROGEN PURITY:

TEST NO. 2
TEST NO. 3

NITROGEN PRESSURE IN TRANSFORMER TANK.

PRESSURE RELIEF —_ _

PERCENT COMBUSTIBLE GAS: TEST NO. 1.

DATE

DATE

DATE

SUPPLY TANK

CONSERVATOR

CONDITION OF INSULATING OIL _.

WAS OIL TESTED?

WAS INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTED? _ --

WAS INSULATION POWER FACTOR TESTED? __
(RECORD OIL AND INSULATION DATA ON FORM O&M 109)

MAXIMUM LOADING AND TEMPERATURES OF TRANSFORMERS (FROM LOG SHEETS OR TESTS)

I
DATE 5/8
HOUR 10 am
AMPS. 625
Kv. 2280
Kw.
KVAR, P.F.
KVA, 2h70
OA OIL TEMP. °C, nny
@A RTD TEMP. °C.
6 OIL TEMP. °C. a5
8 RTO TEMP. °C.
@C Ol TEMP. °C. Ww
@¢ RTO TEMP, °C. '
AMBIENT TEMP. °C, 18
GOOLING WATER IN - TEMP. °C.
GOOLING WATER OUT - TEMP. °C.

REPAIRS OR CHANGES MADE AT TIME OF THIS INSPECTION

None

OTHER REPAIRS OR CHANGES RECOMMENDED

_____None

INSPECTION MADE 8Y

_. John Smith

NOTE: CROSS OUT ALL ITEMS WHICH DO NOT APPLY TO THE TRANSFORMERS COVERED BY THIS INSPECTION.

84


7. <Arcing Horns

Annual inspection. - Check arcing horns of air-break switches to
see that they are not bent out of shape. Clean up if burned.

8. Blade Latches and Stops

Weekly inspection. - See that blade latches, where provided, are

engaged.

Annual inspection. - Check latches for proper engaging and holding
blade against opening force. See that stops are in place and tight.

9. Operating Rods, Levers, and Cranks

Annual inspection. - Check and tighten bolts, screws, and locknuts.
See that rods, levers, and cranks are in serviceable condition and
repair as necessary. Lubricate pivots and hearings. (See Sec-
tion 17 on Operating Rods, Shafts, and Bellcranks, page 62.)

10. Gearboxes

Annual inspection. - Check gears and bearings. Flush out oil or

grease and relubricate. (See section on Operating Rods, Shafts,
and Bellcranks, page 62.)

11. Operating Motor

Annual inspection. - Check motor. See Chapter IIT - Electric Motors.
Check adjustment of brake.

12. Auxiliary and Limit Switches

Annual inspection. - Check condition of contacts and refinish with
fine file if burned or corroded. Check contact springs, operating
rods, and levers. Check closing and opening positions with respect

to main switch contacts or travel or motor mechanism.

13. Locks and Interlocks
Weekly inspection. - See that switches are properly locked in the

open or Closed position as required by padlocks or other key-type
locks or interlocks.

70


CHAPTER XVIII - PUMPING PLANT BUILDING

1. Inspection Checklist

Inspection
Items of inspection interval
boors and windows M A
Elevators, cranes, and hoists See Chapter on
Cranes, p 49
Electric space heaters W A
Ventilating fans A
Water supply and drain piping A
Water heaters and coolers W A
Wash basins, sinks, showers, toilets, etc. W
Water supply W A
Lighting W
Fire protection M A
Conduit and fittings : A
Wiring and wiring devices A
Railings and miscellaneous metalwork A
Stairways and ladders M A

W - Routine weekly inspection when in service.
M - Routine monthly inspection when in service.
A - Annual inspection.

93


Reference

Power Maintenance Instruction No. 9, Retaining Glaze Burned Insulators

in Service, dated September 21,
1967

2. Base and Mounting

Annual inspection. - Check for loose bolts and insecure or inade-
quate supporting structure.

3. Insulators

Weekly inspection. - Check for chipped or broken porcelain and exces-
sive dirt film.

Annual inspection. - Clean porcelain with water, chlorothene, or
other suitable cleaner if subject to excessive dirt or smoke,
Repair chipped spots by painting with lacquer such as red glyptal.
Replace broken insulators. Check insulators at 5-year intervals
with an insulator tester if a reliable tester is available. Tighten
base and cap bolts.

4. Line and Ground Connections

Annual inspection. - Check and tighten line terminals and base and

operating handle ground connections. See that ground cable is not
broken.

5. Blades and Contacts

Weekly inspection. - See that blades are roperly seated in the
Seok *ty_inspection Pp
contacts.

Annual inspection. - Operate switch several times and see that

blades are properly alined to engage contacts. Clean contact sur-
faces if corroded. Tighten bolts and screws.

6. Contact and Ilinge Springs and Shunts

Annual inspection. - Check pressure springs in contact and hinge
and replace if not adequate. Replace flexible shunts if frayed.

69



11. Wiring and Wiring Devices

Annual inspection. - Inspect and tighten connections at terminal
points. Check for presence of moisture. Inspect insulation. Test

insulation resistance.

12. Railings and Hiscellaneous Metalwork

Annual inspection. - See that all stair and guardrailings are se-
curely fastened and rigid. Check metalwork for corrosion, rusting,
or other damage, and repaint as necessary.

13. Stairways and Ladders

Monthly inspection. - Visual inspection to detect failures, obstruc-
tions, slipperiness, or other safety hazards.

Annual inspection. - Check and tighten bolts and screws. Correct

slipperiness, and other safety hazards. Check metalwork for corro-
sion or rusting and repaint as necessary.

96


13. Inert Gas Tanks
Annual inspection. - Check gas pressure left in tanks and change

out at about 25-pound pressure.

14, Gas Regulator Gages and Relays

eekly inspection. - See that proper gas pressure is being main-
tained in transformer.

Annual inspection. - Check setting and operation of regulator and
relay. See that gages are indicating properly.

15. Gas Piping and Valves

Annual inspection. - Check for gas leaks by applying liquid soap
on all joints, valves, connections, etc., with gas pressure raised
to the maximun recommended by the transformer manufacturer.

16. Gas Analysis
Annual inspection. - Check analyzer for proper operation. Analyze
gas. Purge if oxygen or combustible gas content is over 5 percent.

17. Bushings

Monthly inspection. - Check for chipped or broken procelain, exces-
Sive dirt film, 0i1 level, and oil or compound leaks.

Annual inspection. - Clean porcelain with water, chlorothene, or
other suitable cleaner. Repair chipped spots by painting with
lacquer such as red glyptal. Inspect gaskets for leaks. Tighten
bolts. Check power factor. Check oil sample from bottom of bush-
ing for dielectric strength and presence of water which may be
entering at top. Replace or replenish oil if necessary.

18. Tap Setting

Annual inspection. - Check tap setting and adjustments at terminal
board to see that they agree with diagrams. Check insulation re-
sistance of wiring with devices connected. Check ratio and phase-
angle adjustments of potential devices if changes have been made

in secondary connections and burden. Tighten connections, including
potential device tap, into bushing.

80


PO&M-151
(2-66)
Bureau of Reclamation

TRANSFORMER INSPECTION REPORT

Location ._Mon-View sank wo. Unit 6 DATE OF Inspection _5-18-6
MFR. OF TRANS FORMERS General
RATING

High voLrace _19050/33000Y .
MEDIUM VOLTAGE

23

teps_20955-20478-2002

delta _

(UNDERLINE TAP OR VOLTAGE USED)

LOW VOLTAGE

xva per tank . 1000 __
Percent impeoance 5 +4

type A COOLING
rreq__ 60 cycues. PHASE 1 temp 959
seriAL numpers __ T9511 - 09-0-10 - 12 a
BUSHINGS: TYPE MFR. Cc. T. RATIOS P.O. RATIOS.
wy. XB _ 10c/5 delta _
wy.
Lv. XY OB

(UNDERLINE RATIO USED)
TYPE GAS SYSTEM: (CHECK ONE)

GAS-OIL SEAL_______ INERT GAS PRESSURE _____ SEALED TANK __ OTHER

CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMERS AND AUXILIARY DEVICES:
TANK AND RADIATORS
ANY OIL LEAKS? slight

COOLING FANS

BUSHINGS OK.

GROUND CONNECTIONS OK

GROUND RESISTANCE Station ground 1 ohm
ARE TRANSFORMERS NOISY? No
THERMOMETERS OK except ¢ A sticks
TemPeRATuRE RELAYS None _

OIL-LEVEL GAGES __ OK

OIL-LEVEL ALARM RELAYS _ None
COOLING WATER SIGHT FLOW None

TAP CHANGERS

7
AUTO-LOAD RATIO CONTROL.

Is PRESENT RANGE ADEQUATE? __NO
core __Transformer not _untanked for this inspection.
ARE ALL CLAMPING BOLTS TIGHT?
COIL INSULATION

COOLING Cos

Figure 7

83