during the season to give results comparable to those obtained with one

2-4D spraying. Isn't the comparatively high initial investment in seed-

ing worth the chips . . . even if for no other reason than eliminating the
recurrent need for annual spraying and mowing?

A good stand of grass on the banks of a canal on the Mirage
Flats Project, Nebraska, is shown in the above photograph. Much of
the ditch bank seeding in Region 7 has been done under contract. To
indicate how the work is done, an excerpt from a typical seeding speci-
fication is presented:

"Spreading fertilizer and sowing grass seed, (a) General, --
Areas of éxcavation surfaces, embankments, spoil banks, and drains,
as shown on Drawing No, 271-701-1392, or as designated by the con-
tracting officer, shall be prepared for seeding and fertilized and seeded,
All seeding operations shall be in accordance with the provisions of this
paragraph,

"(b) Seedbed preparation, --The contractor shall compact or
loosen the surfaces of laterals, drain ditches, embankments, and spoil
banks as directed prior to seeding, in order to obtain a firm well-packed
seedbed, “Compaction for seeding may require 2 passes, but not more
than 2 passes, with a packer and mulcher similar but not restricted to
the 'Western Sprocket Packer and Mulcher' manufactured by the Western
Land Roller Company of Hastings, Nebraska, No separate payment will
be made for compacting or loosening areas to be seeded and all costs of
seedbed preparation shall be included in the unit price per acre bid in
the schedule for furnishing and spreading commercial fertilizer and fur-
nishing and sowing grass seed,

13


UNDERWATER REPAIR OF TURNOUTS
ON CONCRETE LINED CANAL

Repairs on many canals in the Southwest are made difficult be-
cause of the year-around demand for irrigation water. The canals can not
be dewatered for repair and maintenance, except at infrequent intervals.
Therefore, much of the repair work must be accomplished under water.
The device shown in the photographs below and on the following page, was
developed by the Coachella Valley County Water District primarily for
underwater repair and maintenance of turnout structures on the concrete
lined Coachella Main Canal, The caisson can be constructed for about $500,
The caisson is light in weight and can easily be lifted in and out of the canal
by a truck mounted crane. The device is reported to have worked perfectly
for the purpose intended.

The caisson is constructed in an inverted ''V" shape to fit longitu-
dinally over turnouts having widths of from 3 feet to 5 feet. It is constructed
of angle iron framework, 3/4-inch plywood covering, and 5/16-inch belting
bolted to the bottom to act as the water seal. Holes drilled in the three ribs
across the bottom of the caisson, permit moving of steel guides to fit the
"U" frames of two standard turnout dimensions.

Some of the turnout structures extend to the invert of the canal.
Because of this the caisson had to be curved at the lower closed end to fit
the canal profile as shown in the photograph at top of the following page.
The cable by which the device is handled is permanently attached to the
caisson framework as shown.

The belting used for the water stop or seal should not be too heavy.
The first belting used on the Coachella Caisson was too heavy and would not


better vision provided now results in few structures being damaged in
tractor operation on the project.

A view of the operator in
the center of the tractor seat
is given in the photograph at
left. When this equipment is
place in the shops for repairs
the holes in the bracket will
be slotted to speed adjustment
in the field. Now the bolt must
be removed each time the angle
between the top and bottom
parts of the lever is changed.
Slots will permit changing the
angle quickly by loosing the top

mt Bout.

For additional informa-
tion on the modification write the Project Manager, Rio Grande Project,
U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, El Paso, Texas, or the Regional Director,
Region 5, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Amarillo, Texas.

PLASTIC CANAL LININGS AND PIPE

Two of the major manufacturers of plastics have contacted the Bu-
reau of Reclamation relative to the possible use of their products for canal
linings, and for fabrication of larger diameter pipe for closed conduit type
irrigation systems. A representative of one of the manufacturer's recently
visited the Chief Engineer's office to obtain information on the requirements
of a good canal lining.

The poly-ethelene type plastics, investigated by the engineering
laboratories to date weathered rapidly upon exposure to sun light and also
had low resistance to puncture. The high cost of the material and the diffi-
culty in maintaining a protective cover of earth or gravel on the slick sur-
face were other factors that had slowed development of plastics as a canal
lining material.

The newer poly-ester plastic is claimed to have overcome some of
the deficiencies and can be produced at a cost that may make it competitive
with other types of lining materials. The possibility of using thin sheets of
this material as a buried membrane or thicker sheets as an exposed mem-
brane was discussed. If pilot plants now under construction are completed
in time, some trial installations using the sheets may be made during the
next irrigation season.

AK Kok Ok


DAYLIGHT MOVIE PROJECTOR BOOTH

U.S.BUREAU OF REC

REGION 7

Visual education aids are increasing in popularity and can be
used advantageously to attract spectators to display booths at fairs, con-
ventions, and general meetings where a continuous showing of movies on
subjects related to the exhibit is desirable. Rather than seating spectators
and controlling the lights, the use of a daylight movie projector booth is
practical, Action attracts spectators, and they will remain for the entire
showing if the display is sufficiently interesting.

Projectors of a type suitable for daylight projection are obtain-
able from many manufacturers or can be rented. However, the movie
projector booth shown above and described below was designed and con-
structed at low cost by personnel of the Kansas River District, McCook,
Nebraska. Additional information concerning the projector booth may be
obtained by writing the McCook, Nebraska, office or the Regional Director,
Region 7, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado.

Construction Details

The projection booth as designed works very well in ordinary
room light. However, to obtain a clear picture, the screen should not be
exposed to direct sunlight. Basically the unit consists of the projector
which focuses the image upon a mirror, which in turn reflects the picture
through a screen to the audience. Any size box and screen can be used


Do you have an idea for the bulletin?
operation and maintenance costs?

conform to the surface of
the lining. However, the
5/16-inch belting, 9 inches
in width, has sufficient
flexibility and forms a good
water tight seal with the
concrete lining.

Two previous attempts
to construct a suitable de-
vice were unsuccessful,
The first consisted of a
rectangular plywood box
and the second a half-sec-
tion of corrugated metal
pipe. A manufacturer
contacted regarding con-
struction of a suitable
caisson agreed to build
one for the project at a
cost of $5000, The project
constructed device can be
built for $500, and has
been safely used. It is
recommended for use
where it is necessary to
meet similar turnout main-
tenance and repair problems.

Additional information
regarding the construction
or use of the device can be
obtained from the General
Manager of the Coachella
Valley County Water Dis-
trict, P. O. Box 158,
Coachella, California, or
by writing the Regional
Director, Region 3, Boulder
City, Nevada.

One that has lowered your

One that has improved the safety of
One that has improved the efficiency of your equipment
If you have, lets pass it along.

your operations?
or procedures?


MODIFICATION OF TRACTOR CLUTCH CONTROL LEVER

The original position of the clutch control lever on tractors which
used double drums for operating turnapulls and other towed equipment re-
quired that the operator keep his right arm bent upward at the elbow ina
very awkward and tiring position. This position cannot be maintained for
very long periods at a time. To remedy this situation the operator usually
sits to the left and upon the arm of the seat, as shown in the photograph
below. From this position he can operate the lever with his arm extended.
While this position is satisfac -
tory when towing a dirt scraper,
it is not satisfactory when op-
erating a bull-dozer blade.
When sitting on the left arm,
sideways, the operator can not
see the right edge of his blade,
and considerable damage has
been done in the past to turn-
outs, checks and bridge plank-
ing because of obscured vision.

Obviously the operator
has better control of the ma-
chine when he can sit directly
in the center of the tractor
seat where he has better ac-
cess to the hand levers and foot pedals in front of him. Modifications made
to the lever on the equipment of this type used on the Ysleta Field Branch
of the Rio Grand Project, Texas, are shown below.

The straight shaft was cut
in two. Two holes were drilled
in the top part (1). A bracket
(2) was welded to the bottom
part (3) and the top part was
bolted to this bracket. The
bracket shown in the photograph
has been provided with four
holes, allowing for the top part
of the lever to be set at four dif-
ferent angles with reference to
the bottom half of the lever for
adjustment, depending upon the
length of the operator's arm.

It is estimated that the op-
erator's efficiency has been in-
creased 20 percent and the



Department of the Interior

Bureau of Reclamation

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES

RELEASE NO 7

January -February-Mareh 1954

LAST COPY - BO NOT RERIOVE

CONTENTS

Canal Bank Reshaper and Grass Seeder

Fluid Pipe Lines Marked with Colored Tape

Underwater Repair of Turnouts on Concrete Lined Canals
Daylight Movie Projector Booth

Modification of Tractor Clutch Control Lever

Plastie Canal Linings and Pipe

LAST COPY - DO NOT REMOVE

Caution-Lower Antenna

Power Wagon Mounted Weed Cutter
Improved Mounting for Front End Loaders
Ditch Bank Seeding


Power winch and

Angle inor clips
cable ree! sitea n

ga

TM TM

23" Pipe

Power wagon bumper Set sone for equation
--2"Pipe with if "pipe
inside for reinforcement

#14" Bolt with cotter pin
Ft. long used grader
if Pipe. blade, sharpened: £ Pipe

F201" welded tof" pipe

argiecins vot to A I

existing holes

in bumper. i 2'e f'Strop ren
. Weld
1

2 Pive (0"long

POWER-WAGON MOUNTED WEED CUTTER

for their farm tractor.

IMPROVED MOUNTING FOR FRONT END LOADER

The Maintenance personnel of the Tucumcari Project, New

Mexico, have improved the mounting of the front end loader attachment
The modification, as shown below, has reduced

repair costs for the tractor.

The mounting originally furnished rested on the rear axle of

i


CAUTION - LOWER ANTENNA

A safety precaution that appears worth passing along to projects
or irrigation districts that use mobile radios for communication, is the
system of warning signs installed in the center of each substation gate-
way on the Rio Grande Project in New Mexico and Texas. Installed ina
socket in the center of the gateway, the sign; -

"CAUTION - LOWER ANTENNA"

is easily visible and an excellent reminder,

POWER WAGON MOUNTED WEED CUTTER

A simple weed cutter which works very effectively in substation
yards as a means of reducing maintenance costs has been constructed by
the Power O&M crews of the South Platte River District, Region 7. The
device was constructed for attachment to the front bumper of the truck as
shown in the photograph and drawing below,

The cutter is re-

ported to work very ef-

» fectively in gravelled
substation yards where
the cutter bar is set to
cut two or three inches
below the surface, In
moving forward the blade
slides through the gravel
cutting the weeds below.
the surface and bulking
and freshening the packed
gravel, In backing, the
blade drags, pulling out
the weeds and leveling
the gravel,

The cutter was built
at a cost of $22.95, all of which was labor, Materials for construction of
the device were obtained from the shop scrap pile. It is estimated that
work previously accomplished by two men in 40 hours, is now done with
the cutter in about 5 hours,

The success of the first cutter led to construction of a second
which is now in use, For further details regarding the weed cutter, con-
tact the Regional Director, Region 7, Denver Federal Center, Denver,
Colorado, or Superintendent of Transmission Lines and Substations, U. S.
Bureau of Reclamation, Loveland, Colorado,

10


provided care is taken to determine the angles of reflection from the
projection lens to the mirror and back to the screen. Information on image
size for different focal-length lenses and projection distances is obtainable
from camera manufacturers.

The use of a projection box in a lighted room takes advantage of
the greater light intensity of an image projected through a translucent
screen as compared with light reflected from a conventional screen. To
reverse the image it is necessary to reflect it from a mirror before pass-
ing it through the screen. This has the advantage of increasing the pro-
jection distance without materially increasing the size of the box. When
using a projection lens with a 1-inch focal length rather than the 2-inch
standard focal-length lens, the overall length of the projection path is re-
duced. The size of the image on the screen varies as the square of the
projection distance.

The screen may be a heavy grade acetate film base or daylight-
type dark-color projection screen. The material should be mounted on a
window shade roller for convenience in keeping the screen taut and for
packing or storing. If the acetate film base used for the screen is too
light in weight, the sheet will wrinkle and also be so transparent that too
much light is reflected, resulting in faded pictures. If a heavy acetate
film base is not obtainable a lighter material can be taped upon window
glass. The dull side of the acetate sheet should be placed to the outside.

Special front-surfaced mirrors, although expensive, are recom-
mended. If a standard mirror is used, the light passing through the glass
is refracted resulting in a loss of image sharpness. The mirror is
mounted to a wooden fin that is fastened upon a post suspended from the
top of the projection box. A bolt passes through a slot in the fin into the
bottom of the post. This slot permits vertical and lateral adjustment
of the reflected image on the screen by shifting or by rotating the mirror.
A slide opening is provided in one side of the box so that the operator can
make the mirror adjustments. The interior of the projection box should
be painted a dull black.

The projector is mounted on a platform on one side of the box and
a light-metal funnel is provided to enclose the light beam between the lens
and the box. The funnel is hinge-mounted to swing out so the operator can
rewind the film conveniently. The wooden frame-work for the projection
box is built in 5-panel sections for easy disassembly and transportation.
The legs and braces also are demountable so the unit will occupy a minimum
space for transporting or storing. Paper can be used to cover the frame,
or the booth can be incorporated into the exhibit as a support for photo-
graph or poster display panels.

oe OK Kk


seeding all varieties of
grass, either individually
or in mixtures. Regula-
tors are installed on the
disc to govern the depth of
seeding.

The grass drill may
be removed from the rig
and attached to a conven-
tional wheel type tractor
for use in seeding adja-
cent rights-of-way and
reservoir areas.

The unit cost for
seeding canals and rights-
of-way will average about
$10.00 per acre, exclu-

sive of canal bank reshaping and cleaning.

The framework on the tractor and the bank reshaper were shop
constructed and the grass drill was purchased commercially. Additional
information regarding the work done in this area may be obtained from the
Project Manager, Tucumcari Project, Tucumcari, New Mexico, or the
Regional Director, Region 5, Amarillo, Texas.

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FLUID PIPE LINES MARKED WITH COLORED TAPE

The use of colored gummed masking tape to identify the type of
fluid and the direction of flow within a pipe line was adopted 3 years ago
on the Rio Grande Project in New Mexico and Texas. The original labels
are still in excellent condition.

The tape, obtainable in various colors, is used in banding the
pipes for identification. Arrows of contrasting color are also cut from
the tape and applied to the pipe to indicate direction of flow. Use of this
tape results in a neat appearance and is much less time consuming than
hand painting.

The Bureau of Reclamation follows A.S. A. Code A-13, 1947 in
identification of piping systems. This system is discussed in Chapter 3,
Volume X of the Reclamation Manual Design Supplement and Figure 26a
of Chapter 7 of the same volume gives the color schedules, color classi-
fication, and method of banding. Copies may be obtained by writing the
Chief Engineer, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver Federal Center,
Denver, Colo.

*
*

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*


"(c) Commercial fertilizer, --The contractor shall furnish a
standard commercial fertilizer of 16(nitrogen), 20(phosphorus), 0(po-
tassium) formula, and shall uniformly broadcast or drill the specified
fertilizer at the rate of 100 pounds per acre into the surfaces of the
areas to be seeded unless otherwise directed. Fertilizer shall be ap-
plied to the prepared seedbed previous to seeding operations, or at the
time of seeding if a grass drill with a fertilizer attachment is used.

"(d) Seeding, --The contractor shall furnish and sow a mixture
of brome grass and wheatgrass on all the areas to be seeded, except
that portion of Ayres Creek Channel Change from Station 34+00 to End
Station 44+50, This mixture shall consist of brome grass (Bromus
inermis), Lincoln or Achenback strain, at the rate of 14 pounds of pure
live seed per acre and western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) at the
rate of 4 pounds of pure live seed per acre. For that portion of Ayres
Creek Channel Change from Station 34+00 to End Station 44+50, the mix-
ture of grasses to be sown and the rates of seeding are as follows; (1)
Brome grass (Bromus inermis), Lincoln or Achenback strain at the rate
of 10 pounds of pure live seed per acre; (2) Rye (Secale cereale), at the
rate of 20 pounds of pure live seed per acre; (3) western wheatgrass
(Agropyron smithii), at the rate of 4 pounds of pure live seed per acre;
(4) Sand lovegrass (Eragiostis trichodes), at the rate of 1 pound of pure
live seed per acre,

Pure live seed - percent of purity x percent of germination
100

"The germination of brome grass and rye shall not be less than
85%, the germination of western wheatgrass shall not be less than 65%,
and that of sand lovegrass not less than 75%. Seed shall contain no nox-
ious weed seed or quackgrass (Agropyron repens) and shall contain not
more than 4 percent of other weed seed. All grass seed shall comply
with the seed laws of the State of Nebraska, The age of seed of the brome
grass and rye shall not exceed two years. The sand lovegrass and brome
grass seed shall have been produced in Nebraska, Kansas, or Colorado.

"The seed of brome grass, western wheatgrass, rye, and sand
lovegrass shall be separately packaged and labeled so they can be uni-
formly and thoroughly mixed after they are received on the job, The
mixture of grasses specified herein shall be uniformly distributed on the
designated areas to be seeded by means of a hand seeder or grass drill.
When seed is sown by means of a hand seeder, immediately after broad-
casting the seed shall be properly covered with soil to a depth not to ex-
ceed 1/2 inch by means of a spike tooth harrow, a treader (rotary hoe
run backwards), or any similar implement acceptable to the contracting
officer. If seed is sown with a grass drill, the drill shall be regulated
so that the seed will be properly covered with soil to a depth not to ex-
ceed 1/2 inch. Seeding shall be done from February 1 to April 15 unless
weather conditions, unfavorable soil moisture, or seedbed conditions are
prohibitive to seeding, as determined by the contracting officer: Provided,

14


A drawing, No. 271-701-1988, showing the modifications made
to a commercial seeder to adapt it for ditch bank work, and any further
information relative to the seeding operation can be obtained by writing
to the Projects Manager, Kansas River Projects, Bureau of Reclamation,
P, O. Box 737, McCook, Nebraska, or the Director, Region 7, Denver
Federal Center, Denver, Colorado.

eR KO

16

GPO 839836


CANAL BANK RESHAPER AND GRASS SEEDER

A good cover of low growing grasses along irrigation canal
banks and rights-of-way was effective in reducing the annual operation
and maintenance charge by reducing weed growth and canal bank erosion
on the Tucumcari Project, New Mexico. Prior to seeding the low grow-
ing grasses on established canal banks, it is generally necessary to re-
shape the ditch banks by filling in erosion cuts, and removing most of
the weed vegetation. In order to accomplish this phase of the operation
a crawler-type tractor was equipped with a special blade as shown on
the cover photograph and in the photograph below.

The bank shaper pictured on the cover page has been very ef-
ficient and was developed and constructed by maintenance personnel of
the Tucumcari Project. A similar device is being manufactured com-
mercially. The first shaper developed by project forces and shown above
was controlled entirely by the tractor operator by means of cables. How-
ever, to prevent the blade from ''riding'' in areas where a large amount
of cut is necessary the hydraulic actuating arm installed on the device
shown on the cover page has definite advantages for raising and lowering
the blade in lieu of the cable control. Another improvement in the shaper
blade consisted of placing an extension on the blade at a 45-degree angle
to clean the bottom of laterals as well as the slopes. Both adaptations
are very usefull for the reshaping and cleaning of both small and large
canals,

Upon completion of bank reshaping, the blade is removed
from the tractor, anda grass drill attached as shown in the photograph at
the top of the following page. The grass drill usedin Region 5 is adapted to


INTRODUCTION

With this issue, Release No. 7, of the Operation and Maintenance
Equipment and Procedures Bulletin, a new schedule of publication is being
initiated. The Bulletin has been issued on a bi-monthly basis in the past.
From now on it will be issued quarterly.

As in the past, the Bulletin will continue to be circulated for the
benefit of irrigation project operation and maintenance people. Its prin-
cipal purpose will continue to be the medium for exchange of operating and
maintenance information. As such we need your ideas.

Reference in the Bulletin to a trade name does not constitute an
endorsement of a particular product and ommission of any commercially
available item does not imply discrimination against any manufacture. It
is hoped that labor saving or less costly equipment developed by the re-
sourceful water users will be a step toward commercial development of
equipment for use on irrigation projects in continued effort to reduce costs
and increase operating efficiency.

Regions 5 and 7 are sold on the seeding of ditch banks. The equip-
ment used in preparation of canal and lateral banks for the seeding is de-
scribed in an article on page 2. An article describing the seeding, as sub-
mitted by Region 7, is included starting on page 11. Experience on the
Mirage Flats Project in Nebraska and on projects in Kansas shows that
savings can be made in operation and maintenance ‘costs in the control of
weeds and bank stabilization. The grass covered banks offer a very pleas-
ant appearance and provide an excellent pasture, if grazing is controlled.
Overgrazing, of course, must be avoided to prevent weeds from getting a
new start.

CORRECTION

Controlling Algae Growth in Concrete Flumes

Release No. 6 of the Bulletin for September-October 1953 presented
on page 13, an article on the control of the growth of algae and naiad cocoons
in open concrete structures, especially concrete flumes on the Black Canyon
Canal, of the Payette Division of the Boise Project. The article stated that
Rosin-Amine D Acetate gave the best results in the control of the algae and
naiad cocoons. This statement is an error.

The material actually used was Rosin-Amine D, instead of Rosin-
Amine D Acetate. The Rosin-Amine D iS stable upon exposure to water,
being only soluble in oil, while the acetate is water soluble.

Sorry.

ek Kk


the tractor with braces to the flywheel housing. ‘he housing in turn is
fastened to the engine block. Both housing and block are made of cast
iron. In lifting the loader, the braces caused a downward stress on the
housing which was critical and could result in the housing block being
broken,

In eliminating the
undesirable condition,
the project forces have
lengthened the braces
and attached them to
the front motor support,
see photograph at left.
This transmits the
stress directly to the
front axle. A short
piece of angle iron is
bolted to the motor
support plate for con-
nection of the braces,

For further infor-
mation, write the Re-
gional Director, U. S,
Bureau of Reclamation,
Amarillo, Texas, or
the Project Manager, P. O. Box 518, Tucumcari, New Mexico.

DITCH BANK SEEDING

The best method of controlling weeds on irrigation systems is
to plant desirable adapted grasses. Experience under the climatic con-
ditions in Region 7 shows that four to five years after planting the
grasses, weed control expenditures hit rock bottom. During the four to
five year period that the grasses are becoming established, they must
compete with weeds for nutrients, water and light. Spraying with 2-4D
during that time eliminates most of the weeds and encourages more
rapid development of the grasses. Studies of grass stands previously
established have shown that for every one dollar invested in seeding
grasses, about $2.50 is saved in O&M costs.

What does it cost to establish a new stand of grass on a ditch
bank? In 1952, cost records were kept in planting work done on the
Frenchman-Cambridge and Bostwick Divisions, Missouri River Basin
Project. The costs ran from $6.60 to $13.76 per acre, depending upon
conditions encountered and method of seeding used. In the same Divi-
sions, weeds were sprayed with 2-4D using ground rigs, at costs rang-
ing from $3.23 to $4.95 per acre. Mowing costs averaged about $2.45
per acre. However, mowing had to be accomplished two or three times

12


that when moisture and seedbed conditions are favorable, the contracting
officer may order the contractor to continue operations in a period other
than that stated above.

"(e) Measurement and payment. --Measurement for payment for
furnishing and spreading fertilizer and furnishing and sowing grass seed
will be made of the areas actually prepared, fertilized and seeded. The
areas will be computed to the nearest 1/2 of anacre. Payment for fur-
nishing and spreading fertilizer and furnishing and sowing grass seed will
be made at the unit price:per acre bid therefor in the schedule, The quan-
tities as stated in the schedule for furnishing and spreading fertilizer and
furnishing and sowing grass seed are estimates for the purpose of com-
paring bids and the contractor shall be entitled to no additional compensa-
tion above the unit price bid in the schedule by reason of any amount or
none of this work being required,"

Examination of the specifications will show that they meet sev-
eral essential requirements needed to get the grass seeding done prop-
erly. First, the specification is written to enable Reclamation to make
field changes in the seeding methods. For instance, it may be necessary
to require the contractor to compact or loosen the ditch banks prior to
seeding. Secondly, the specifications enable Reclamation to direct the
contractor to seed miscellaneous spoil areas that are created during con-
struction, In other words, if it is determined during construction that an
additional bank will be constructed which is not anticipated in the original
specifications for the canal or lateral, provisions are made in the con-
tract that require the contractor to seed this additional area. Flexibility
in the contract is also obtained by requiring the seeding of different spe-
cies of grasses on different areas that are seeded. By going over such
areas prior to preparing a specification, it canbe determined what grasses
are best adapted to the different soil types and drainage conditions encountered,

A special grass seeder has been developed by the Kansas River
Projects staff working in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service.
The seeder, photograph below, prepares the seedbed and plants the seed
in one operation. Excellent results have been obtained with its use. It
consists of a native grass seeder and has a tillage width of 8 feet, and
weighs 1, 050 pounds.

RTE