Page 1 of 55

VIRGINIA 

2022 ANNUAL REPORT 

Disclaimer: This report is the property of the State Department of Transportation (State DOT). The State DOT 

completes the report by entering applicable information into the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Highway 

Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) online reporting tool. Once the State DOT completes the report pertaining to its 

State, it coordinates with its respective FHWA Division Office to ensure the report meets all legislative and regulatory 

requirements. FHWA’s Headquarters Office of Safety then downloads the State’s finalized report and posts it to the 

website (https://highways.dot.gov/safety/hsip/reporting) as required by law (23 U.S.C. 148(h)(3)(A)). 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 2 of 55

Table of Contents

Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................. 3

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence ............................................................. 3

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 4

Introduction .........................................................................................................................................10

Program Structure ...............................................................................................................................10

Program Administration ...................................................................................................................10

Program Methodology .....................................................................................................................16

Project Implementation .......................................................................................................................22

Funds Programmed .........................................................................................................................22

General Listing of Projects ..............................................................................................................25

Safety Performance ............................................................................................................................33

General Highway Safety Trends ......................................................................................................33

Safety Performance Targets ............................................................................................................38

Applicability of Special Rules...........................................................................................................42

Evaluation ...........................................................................................................................................43

Program Effectiveness ....................................................................................................................43

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements .......................................................43

Project Effectiveness .......................................................................................................................47

Compliance Assessment.....................................................................................................................51

Optional Attachments ..........................................................................................................................54

Glossary ..............................................................................................................................................55
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 3 of 55

Disclaimer

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence 

23 U.S.C. 148(h)(4) states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or 

data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section[HSIP], shall not be subject to discovery or 

admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action 

for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or other data.”

23 U.S.C. 407 states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data 

compiled or collected for the purpose of identifying, evaluating, or planning the safety enhancement of potential 

accident sites, hazardous roadway conditions, or railway-highway crossings, pursuant to sections 130, 144, 

and 148 of this title or for the purpose of developing any highway safety construction improvement project 

which may be implemented utilizing Federal-aid highway funds shall not be subject to discovery or admitted 

into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for 

damages arising from any occurrence at a location mentioned or addressed in such reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or data.”
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 4 of 55

Executive Summary

The Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) report submitted to the Federal 

Highway Administration (FHWA) summarizes and describes Virginia Department of Transportation’s (VDOT’s) 

strategic use of new Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) for the period of July 2021 to June 2022. 

The IIJA succeeds the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act and continues the HSIP to achieve 

a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads, including non-State-owned 

public roads and roads on tribal land. 

Under U.S. Code 23, Section 154, the Surface Transportation Program and the National Highway Performance 

Program funds are transferred to be used for HSIP eligible proposals because Virginia does not have all of the 

required components in its Open Container legislation. As a result, VDOT's HSIP is composed of the following 

sub-programs which use the mentioned federal funding sources (23 USC Sections): 

A. Highway Safety Projects (HSP): Section 148 

B. Penalty Transfer-Open Container (OC) Projects: Section 154 

C. High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR): Section 148 

The Commonwealth of Virginia is committed to developing and maintaining a safe, multimodal transportation 

system. The spending targets for each VDOT district office are based on the level of FHWA funding in future 

years. In Virginia, as HSIP funding will be supplemented with Virginia State funds, HSIP will be referenced as 

Virginia HSIP or VHSIP. A link to the VHSIP guidelines, safety proposal application submission documents, 

and other VDOT and FHWA resources are provided online at: 

http://www.virginiadot.org/business/ted_app_pro.asp 

VDOT’s HSIP program processes have been developed in consultation with FHWA and in accordance with the 

FAST Act guidelines, final ruling (policy), and funding provided. Important to note, adding a new HSIP project 

to Virginia's Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP) and Statewide Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP) 

will only be considered if the subject HSIP project was developed in accordance with Virginia's HSIP Project 

Prioritization Policy. 

U.S. Code 23, Section 148 Special Rule 

Note: For FY 2022, the special rules on High-Risk Rural Road (HRRR) and Older Drivers as defined in U.S. 

Code 23, Section 148 (g) (1) do not apply to Virginia for the following reasons: 

· HRRR Safety: The fatality rate on rural roads in Virginia has not increased over the most recent two-year 

period, and therefore, VDOT is not required to obligate a specified amount of funds towards HRRR eligible 

routes. 

· Older Drivers: The fatality rate and serious injury rate for drivers and pedestrians 65 years of age and older 

have not increased over the most recent 2-year period, and therefore, the special rule for Older Drivers does 

not apply for Virginia. 

Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) Resolutions

In June 2019, the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) adopted Safety Performance Targets for 

Calendar Year (CY) 2020 and found the anticipated safety outcomes associated with the Safety Performance 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 5 of 55

Targets to be unacceptable, and further directed the Office of Intermodal Planning and Investment (OIPI), 

working collaboratively with VDOT and Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), to analyze and develop a plan 

resulting in a net reduction in fatal and serious injury crashes. A key finding from this data-driven analysis 

demonstrated that systemic and hybrid corridor safety projects provide greater potential crash reduction 

benefits for lower cost than traditional spot improvement projects, and this finding was presented to the CTB 

during multiple workshop meetings. In September 2019, the CTB approved an amendment to FY 2020-2025 

Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP) to begin deployment of systemic safety improvements included in an 

initial Systemic Improvement Plan. This initial Systemic Improvement Plan identified $136.7 million in potential 

funding through FY 2025 in order to implement eight systemic countermeasure initiatives at VDOT-maintained 

roadways. The systemic countermeasure initiatives are as follows: 

· High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

· Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

· Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections 

· Centerline Rumble Strip 

· Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes

· Curve Delineation 

· Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections 

· Safety Edge 

The systemic countermeasure implementation projects in this initial Systemic Improvement Plan is estimated 

to save 61 lives and 1,174 injuries per year statewide once implemented. This initial Systemic Improvement 

Plan also: 

· Establishes goals and schedules for deploying the eight systemic countermeasures across VDOT’s network.

· Includes a risk-based assessment of eight systemic countermeasures to include the locations, appropriate 

improvements, cost estimates, and schedules on all public roads. 

· Aligns with emphasis areas in Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP).

· Will be updated periodically to advance additional systemic improvements. 

The initial Systemic Improvement Plan is currently ongoing with potential project locations identified and 

implementation of systemic initiatives underway in many locations. Additional information on the initial HSIP 

Systemic Implementation Plan is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/sep/pres/9.pdf. 

Furthermore, in December 2019, the CTB approved the Highway Safety Improvement Program Project 

Prioritization Policy where it states the following: 

· VDOT shall develop the next phase of the Implementation Plan for the deployment of systemic and hybrid 

safety countermeasures across the roadway network, including VDOT and locally-maintained facilities. Note: 

VDOT is currently in development of this next phase of the Safety Improvement Project Plan. 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 6 of 55

· After HSIP funds are set aside for program administration (approximately 5 to 10 percent), the remaining 

funds shall be programmed to projects with a goal of approximately 80 percent of funds allocated to systemic 

and hybrid safety improvements over the Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). 

· In order to accelerate deployment of systemic and hybrid safety improvements, the CTB will not approve new 

spot improvement projects until FY 2026-2031 SYIP unless certain conditions are met. 

The full CTB approval of the HSIP Project Prioritization Policy is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/dec/reso/10.pdf. 

In January 2022, the CTB passed a resolution that approved an updated investment strategy to govern 

prioritization and selection of highway safety infrastructure and behavioral safety projects for funding. The 

resolution stated that VDOT shall develop an infrastructure implementation plan for the continued deployment 

of proven systemic and hybrid safety countermeasures across the roadway network, including VDOT and 

locally-maintained facilities. The passing of this resolution introduced systemic safety initiatives to be funded 

for locally-maintained roadways while continuing the systemic safety initiatives on VDOT-maintained roadways. 

The January 2022 resolution provided additional policy details for funding safety projects at locally-maintained 

roadways, and they are as follows: 

· Minimum funding levels for locally-maintained roadways shall be based on the proportion of fatalities on 

locally-maintained versus VDOT-maintained roads with funds available beginning in Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 for 

use on systemic safety improvements. 

· Funding for systemic infrastructure projects on locally-maintained roads will be awarded through a 

competitive application process with projects that have a higher return on investment receiving priority. 

VDOT completed a Return-of-Investment (ROI) analysis and worked with VDOT Districts and Localities to 

identify the following systemic initiatives that will be included in the VHSIP Plan for Localities: 

· Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) Signals 

· High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

· Pedestrian Crossings 

· Curve Signage 

· Unsignalized Intersections 

· Road Reconfiguration (Road Diets) 

Localities may submit applications for other systemic initiatives that are not on the list above, but those 

initiatives that are not listed must show high return on investment in the application and may not be prioritized 

over the initiatives that are on the list. 

The January 2022 CTB resolution also noted that spot improvement projects will not be approved until FY 

2026 unless systemic and hybrid infrastructure initiatives have been fully funded and their scheduled 

completion is feasibly accelerated. 

The full CTB approval of the January 2022 Virginia Highway Safety Investment Strategy is provided online at: 

https://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2022/jan/res/15.pdf 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 7 of 55

VDOT provided technical assistance through VDOT’s on-call consultant services to the small cities or towns 

who do not have resources to prepare application, crash analysis, and etc. VDOT’s Safety Circuit Rider (SCR) 

program offers assistance to localities for analyzing crashes and conducting Road Safety Assessments (RSAs) 

on locally owned or maintained roads. 

Virginia Safety Circuit Rider (SCR) Program

The Virginia Safety Circuit Rider (SCR) program is focused on reducing crashes and improving overall 

roadway safety throughout Virginia. The program includes services such as one-on-one technical assistance, 

road safety assessments, and safety-focused training. The Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC), 

the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), and the UVA Center for Transportation Studies launched 

the Virginia Safety Circuit Rider program to improve safety on more than 11,000 miles of roadways maintained 

by cities, towns, and local agencies in Virginia. 

The goal of the SCR program is to reduce the number and severity of crashes on local roads by conducting 

roadway safety assessments to then identify and recommend proven low-cost improvements. Some of the 

services offered through the program are: 

· Crash data retrieval and evaluation 

· Transportation safety training 

· Roadway safety assessments 

· Safety-related information and resources clearinghouse 

Through the program, the SCR team has coordinated with approximately 30 cities, towns, and counties 

throughout Virginia. Crash data extraction and analysis has been completed for approximately 10 localities with 

more to be completed in 2022. The plan is to also identify up to four localities in which to conduct a roadway 

safety assessment later in 2022. 

The SCR team combines both in-person and virtual options to deliver roadway safety training. The SCR team 

has delivered twenty-nine half-day workshops and twenty full-day workshops this calendar year, reaching 834 

students and generating 5,194 contact-hours. The team has conducted two roundtable sessions, bicycle safety 

session, and Road Safety Champion Program, and reached approximately 55 individuals. 

The SCR team embarked on piloting the Road Safety Champion Program, which is an initiative of the National 

Center for Rural Road Safety to reduce fatal and serious injuries on rural and urban roads. Virginia is the only 

state currently piloting the program. To become a Road Safety Champion, students must complete seven core 

subjects and either seven subjects in Maintenance and Construction or six subjects in Planning and 

Engineering. There are sixty-eight candidates currently registered in the program, and eighteen candidates 

have completed the training and are considered official Road Safety Champions under this program. Some of 

the twenty classes offered in the program include: 

· Introduction to Road Safety 

· Local Road Safety Plans 

· Countermeasures for Road Safety 

· Systemic Safety Project Selection Tool 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 8 of 55

· Worker Safety 

· Maintaining a Safer Roadway 

Virginia's Strategic Highway Safety Plan

In 2022, VDOT completed a multi-agency and disciplinary update of the Commonwealth's Strategic Highway 

Safety Plan (SHSP). In 2022, FHWA's Virginia Division approved Virginia's 2022-2026 SHSP. VDOT continues 

to coordinate with its safety partners and implement the SHSP engineering strategies to drive investment 

decisions to improve safety and reduce deaths and injuries for this reporting period. 

Many safety partners are working towards reducing the number and severity of vehicle crashes on the 

Commonwealth's highways. Virginia's HSIP is structured to focus on infrastructure safety emphasis areas that 

may be improved with low cost minimal environmental impact (e.g., project has no or minimal right of way 

costs) engineering countermeasures, namely: 

A. Intersection geometry and traffic control 

B. Roadway and roadside improvements 

C. Bicycle and pedestrian risk reductions 

Data-driven Decision-making on Transportation Safety

VDOT emphasizes data-driven decision-making to improve transportation safety and safety data. One way that 

VDOT has employed the use of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is through statewide evaluation of systemic 

improvement projects. This evaluation involves a simple before-and-after evaluation of all eligible systemic 

projects funded through the HSIP program. Also, this effort involved preparations for future systemic 

evaluations, including collection of project-level data and modification of the HSIP project application forms. 

Also, in order to make data-driven decisions regarding the use of public funding for safety improvements, 

VDOT developed state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and prioritized a list of locations with the 

largest Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI). The use of SPFs and PSI for network screening and project 

prioritization are well documented throughout the HSM. 

VDOT developed a comprehensive set of state-specific SPFs covering 98 percent of its state-maintained 

roadway locations. The impetus for VDOT developing their own SPFs and analytical tools arose from the 

decision that AASHTOWare Safety AnalystTM did not meet their needs. VDOT developed state-specific SPFs 

using historical crash, traffic, and roadway inventory data. SPF developers worked closely with engineers 

throughout the development process to evaluate whether each SPF was implementable for all types of 

improvements (spot, corridor, and systemic). To date, VDOT has developed 24 SPFs covering the majority of 

roadway facilities, including two-lane roads, intersections, and freeways/multi-lane highways. 

VDOT incorporates the comparisons of actual- to predicted-crash frequencies in its network screening, and 

then identifies the top 100 intersections and top 100 miles of segments with the largest PSI annually. This list is 

sent to the district engineers, and each district engineer can determine which site(s) to prioritize based on their 

practical experience and knowledge of the area. 

VDOT has noted several benefits of the data-driven Virginia’s SPF and PSI implementation effort, including:

· Prioritization of systemic countermeasure implementation locations at a District-level 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 9 of 55

· Use public funding in a cost-effective manner 

· Measure quantifiable benefits for both systemic and spot improvements 

· Better manage public concern 

· Compare locations to prioritize projects 

The state-specific SPFs and PSIs are incorporated beyond the HSIP and are being used as tools to develop 

project prioritization in VTran’s Long-Range Transportation Plan (VTrans2040) and Statewide Project 

Prioritization (SMARTSCALE). VTrans2040, completed in January 2018, is a major milestone in a 

performance-based planning framework. It established a direct link between planning (VTrans) and funding 

(SMARTSCALE). SMARTSCALE is a statewide program that distributes funding based on transparent and 

objective evaluation of projects to effectively support the Commonwealth achieve its transportation goals. In 

the SMARTSCALE application process, data-driven safety analysis is one of the weighting factors in the 

selection process, and a project with high PSI is more likely to receive a higher score for Safety than that of 

lower PSI. 

The SPF development team conducts training (including an annual “roadshow” to all nine districts) and hosts 

webinars to ensure district engineers understand the methodology and how to use the SPFs. VDOT has not 

mandated the use of SPFs and PSIs by the districts because the process of introducing a new methodology 

takes time. However, the district engineers are aware that it is the preferred method for network screening
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 10 of 55

Introduction

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose of achieving 

a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 

924.15, States are required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP implementation 

and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent with the HSIP Reporting Guidance dated 

December 29, 2016 and consists of five sections: program structure, progress in implementing highway safety 

improvement projects, progress in achieving safety outcomes and performance targets, effectiveness of the 

improvements and compliance assessment.

Program Structure

Program Administration

Describe the general structure of the HSIP in the State. 

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose of achieving 

a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 

924.15, states are required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP implementation 

and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent with the HSIP Reporting Guidance dated 

December 29, 2016 and consists of five sections: program structure, progress in implementing highway safety 

improvement projects, progress in achieving safety outcomes and performance targets, effectiveness of the 

improvements and compliance assessment.

The primary objective of the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is to identify and improve locations 

where there is a high concentration, or risk, of vehicle crashes that result in deaths or injuries. HSIP staff 

conduct network screening for the engineering emphasis areas in Virginia's Strategic Highway Safety Plan 

(SHSP). After conducting network screening, HSIP staff fulfill transportation safety planning requirements by 

producing listings of the largest Potential for Safety Improvement (PSI) on VDOT maintained intersections and 

segments. The lists are distributed to District staff, and each District Engineer determines which site(s) to 

prioritize based on their practical experience and knowledge of the area. Safety proposals are not limited to the 

locations that are identified by VDOT staff. Detailed crash analysis and site evaluation is typically conducted 

through a documented engineering study or Road Safety Assessment (RSA).

VDOT also uses the systemic approach methodology which provides a consistent framework for addressing 

risk using the HSIP process by identifying system-wide roadway safety concerns and strategies to address 

these concerns. Applying a systemic approach to addressing safety is beneficial to proactively address 

widespread safety issues and cost-effectively minimize crash potential. Rather than focus on specific crash 

locations, a systemic approach targets consistent crash trends and common risk factors in crashes throughout 

the roadway network.

In June 2019, the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) adopted Safety Performance Targets for CY 

2020 and found the anticipated safety outcomes associated with the Safety Performance Targets to be 

unacceptable, and further directed the Office of Intermodal Planning and Investment (OIPI), working 

collaboratively with VDOT and Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), to analyze and develop a plan resulting in 

a net reduction in fatal and serious injury crashes. A key finding from this data-driven analysis demonstrated 

that systemic and hybrid corridor safety projects provide greater potential crash reduction benefits for lower 

cost than traditional spot improvement projects, and this finding was presented to the CTB during multiple 

workshop meetings. In September 2019, the CTB approved an amendment to FY 2020-2025 Six-Year 

Improvement Program (SYIP) to begin deployment of systemic safety improvements included in an initial 

Systemic Improvement Plan. This initial Systemic Improvement Plan identified $136.7 million in potential 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 11 of 55

funding through FY 2025 in order to implement eight systemic countermeasure initiatives at VDOT-maintained 

roadways. The systemic countermeasure initiatives are as follows: 

· High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

· Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

· Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections 

· Centerline Rumble Strip 

· Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes 

· Curve Delineation 

· Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections 

· Safety Edge 

The systemic countermeasure implementation projects in this initial Systemic Improvement Plan are estimated 

to save 61 lives and 1,174 injuries per year statewide once fully implemented. This initial Systemic 

Improvement Plan also: 

· Establishes goals and schedules for deploying the eight systemic countermeasures across VDOT’s network.

· Includes a risk-based assessment of eight systemic countermeasures to include the locations, appropriate 

improvements, cost estimates, and schedules on all public roads. 

· Aligns with emphasis areas in Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP).

· Will be updated periodically to advance additional systemic improvements. 

In December 2019, the CTB approved the Highway Safety Improvement Program Project Prioritization Policy 

where it states the following: 

· VDOT shall develop the next phase of the Implementation Plan for the deployment of systemic and hybrid 

safety countermeasures across the roadway network, including VDOT and locally-maintained facilities. Note: 

VDOT is currently in development of the second phase of the Safety Improvement Project Plan. 

· After HSIP funds are set aside for program administration (approximately 5 to 10 percent), the remaining 

funds shall be programmed to projects with a goal of approximately 80 percent of funds allocated to systemic 

and hybrid safety improvements over the Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). 

· In order to accelerate deployment of systemic and hybrid safety improvements, the CTB will not approve new 

spot improvement projects until FY 2026-2031 SYIP unless certain conditions are met. 

The full CTB approval of the HSIP Project Prioritization Policy is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/dec/reso/10.pdf . 

The initial Systemic Improvement Plan with the eight systemic countermeasure initiatives is currently ongoing 

with potential project locations identified and implementation of systemic initiatives underway or completed in 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 12 of 55

many locations. Additional information on the initial HSIP Systemic Implementation Plan is provided on-line at: 

http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2019/sep/pres/9.pdf . 

In January 2022, the CTB passed a resolution that approved an updated investment strategy to govern 

prioritization and selection of highway safety infrastructure and behavioral safety projects for funding. The 

resolution stated that VDOT shall develop an infrastructure implementation plan for the continued deployment 

of proven systemic and hybrid safety countermeasures across the roadway network, including VDOT and 

locally-maintained facilities. The passing of this resolution introduced systemic safety initiatives to be funded 

for locally-maintained roadways while continuing the systemic safety initiatives on VDOT-maintained roadways. 

The January 2022 resolution provided additional policy details for funding safety projects at locally-maintained 

roadways, and they are as follows: 

· Minimum funding levels for locally-maintained roadways shall be based on the proportion of fatalities on 

locally-maintained versus VDOT-maintained roads with funds available beginning in Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 for 

use on systemic safety improvements. 

· Funding for systemic infrastructure projects on locally-maintained roads will be awarded through a 

competitive application process with projects that have a higher return on investment receiving priority. 

VDOT completed a Return-of-Investment (ROI) analysis and worked with VDOT Districts and Localities to 

identify the following systemic initiatives that will be included in the VHSIP Plan for Localities: 

· Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) Signals 

· High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

· Pedestrian Crossings 

· Curve Signage 

· Unsignalized Intersections 

· Road Reconfiguration (Road Diets) 

Localities may submit applications for other systemic initiatives that are not on the list above, but those 

initiatives that are not listed must show high return on investment in the application and may not be prioritized 

over the initiatives that are on the list. 

The January 2022 CTB resolution also noted that spot improvement projects will not be approved until FY 

2026 unless systemic and hybrid infrastructure initiatives have been fully funded and their scheduled 

completion is feasibly accelerated. 

The full CTB approval of the January 2022 Virginia Highway Safety Investment Strategy is provided online at: 

https://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2022/jan/res/15.pdf . 

VDOT is planning to propose Investment Plan to CTB this fall with the new added State Fund and increased 

Federal dollar to cover the above new systemic initiative along with spot improvement. 

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing the process and conducting network screening, scoring, 

and selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. VDOT Districts are responsible for further evaluation of 

the selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge and data-driven analysis. Once the 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 13 of 55

final HSIP projects are prioritized and selected by Central Office, the selected HSIP projects are included in 

Virginia’s Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP), which is then presented to the Commonwealth 

Transportation Board (CTB) for approval. Once the HSIP projects are approved, programmed, and have 

received allocated funds, the HSIP staff monitor the projects from scoping through construction to the final 

voucher. The project monitoring process consists of tracking changes that occur to the following functions: 

advertisement dates, funding authorization dates, engineer’s estimates, and expenditures. Cost, schedule, and 

scope are monitored and measured to ensure that the HSIP projects are being delivered on time and on 

budget. HSIP project schedules and cost both directly affect the Federal Strategy and VDOT’s ability to meet 

their Obligation Authority for the HSIP Program. 

Where is HSIP staff located within the State DOT? 

 Engineering

VDOT recently (in August 2022) underwent an organizational change to combine Operations Division and 

Traffic Engineering Division into a single Traffic Operations Division, and VDOT HSIP staff is located within this 

Traffic Operations Division. 

How are HSIP funds allocated in a State? 

• Formula via Districts/Regions 

• Other-Systemic Approach 

Describe how local and tribal roads are addressed as part of HSIP. 

Local roads account for approximately 40 percent of all crashes and 20 percent of all fatal and serious injury 

crashes on Virginia’s highways. Therefore, local safety projects are targeted to receive up to 20 percent of 

Virginia’s HSIP funds for implementation and completion of their safety projects. VDOT has been providing the 

state-match to these safety projects for the past several years. 

The safety proposals for local and tribal roads are required to follow the same HSIP Implementation Guidelines 

as the safety proposals for VDOT roads. The HSIP Systemic Implementation Plan that was implemented in FY 

2020 states that the HSIP funds are to be allocated based on risk-based locations of systemic safety 

improvements in VDOT’s initial Systemic Implementation Plan. Also, the initial Systemic Implementation Plan 

lays out the funding process for local projects as described below: 

· Approximately 80 percent of available HSIP funds shall be allocated to systemic safety improvements over 

the six-year improvement program. 

· Minimum funding levels for locally owned roadways shall be based on proportion of fatalities between VDOT 

and locality-maintained roads (i.e., approximately 20%). 

· The proposed Funds for systemic safety improvement on locality maintained or owned roads are available 

beginning in FY 2024 thru FY 2027 

· SMART Portal will open to receive local agency’s safety applications for HSIP funding. 

· Application must be for eligible systemic treatment that was presented to the Commonwealth Transportation 

board (CTB) in December 2021. 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 14 of 55

· The funding will be awarded through a competitive application process with application that have a higher 

return on investment and other factors. 

· VDOT has developed guidelines and implementation criteria for screening, scoring and selection of local 

projects. 

VDOT assists the localities and tribal agencies by publishing Virginia’s crash data from VDOT’s Power BI crash 

analysis tool. VDOT Power BI crash analysis tool pulls the crash data from those crashes reported to the 

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)’s crash data source as DMV owns and maintains the main 

source of the crash data. This crash analysis tool allows the localities and tribal agencies to perform their own 

safety analysis, project prioritization, and project selection for submission to VDOT for funding consideration. 

The University of Virginia’s Center for Transportation Studies (CTS), Virginia Transportation Research Council 

(VTRC), and VDOT administers the Safety Circuit Rider (SCR) program, an important component of the 

Virginia Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP). LTAP provides technical workshops, seminars, and short 

courses in the various transportation related topics for local government staff. The SCR’s goal is to improve 

safety on the 11,000 miles of streets and roadways maintained by cities, towns, and local agencies in the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. The SCR provides four key services: 

· Virtual/In-classroom transportation safety training 

· One-on-one technical assistance and site visits 

· Grant and proposal development support for state and federal aid 

· Annual low-cost safety initiative 

Identify which internal partners (e.g., State departments of transportation (DOTs) 

Bureaus, Divisions) are involved with HSIP planning. 

• Design 

• Districts/Regions 

• Local Aid Programs Office/Division 

• Operations 

• Planning 

• Traffic Engineering/Safety 

Describe coordination with internal partners. 

Central Office Traffic Engineering HSIP staff communicates with District staff regarding HSIP activities, such as 

sharing information on requirements, emphasis areas, prioritization, funding, and safety data. In FY 2022, 

VDOT Central Office Traffic Engineering HSIP staff have been in frequent coordination through monthly office 

hour meetings with District HSIP staff to discuss project progress, issues, concerns, technical support, and 

partnerships. Also, to track HSIP progress, COTED has been working with District HSIP staff to develop an 

inventory of existing, planned, and potential for implementation locations of the initial eight systemic 

countermeasure initiatives for each District. The inventories of the systemic countermeasure initiatives were 

then mapped in ArcGIS, and the ArcGIS maps were distributed back to the Districts for their use in tracking 

and recording the overall project implementation progress. 

VDOT emphasizes the importance of a data-driven decision-making approach to improve safety in the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. In order to make a data-driven decision on the use of public funding for safety 

improvements, VDOT developed state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and prioritized list of 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 15 of 55

intersections and segments with the largest Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI). The SPF and PSI 

analysis are shared across the Districts and localities. Along with other safety data and analysis, the SPF and 

PSI analysis are encouraged to be used for project consideration and selection. 

VDOT also uses its Strategically Targeted Affordable Roadway Solutions (STARS) Program managed by the 

Transportation Mobility and Planning Division to address congestion and safety concerns throughout the 

Commonwealth. STARS projects typically result in multiple recommended improvements that may be eligible 

for funding and implementation under maintenance budgets, applications in the SMART SCALE process, 

applications for the HSIP, State of Good Repair budgets, and/or applications for revenue sharing. 

The HSIP projects are programmed through Virginia's Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). HSIP projects in 

SYIP are programmed with the appropriate Fiscal Year (FY) allocations for a specific phase to be delivered, 

and HSIP projects in the SYIP are tracked internally across appropriate divisions during their relevant phase of 

the project. 

Identify which external partners are involved with HSIP planning.

• FHWA 

• Local Government Agency 

• Other-District/Design/Pe and Planning Staff 

• Other-Virginia Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) 

Describe coordination with external partners. 

VDOT Districts are responsible for communicating with localities for any HSIP related projects, and each 

district office has its own local liaison. All external local partners must coordinate with their Local Liaison for the 

development and submission of the safety proposal. In addition, VDOT’s Local Technical Assistance Program 

(LTAP) provides technical workshops, seminars, and short courses in the various transportation related topics 

for local government staff. 

VDOT participates in the Local Programs Workshop with local government representatives every year. The 

focus of this workshop is to communicate with external stakeholders on various HSIP information and tools, 

such as reviewing the information on funding eligibility, process of applying for appropriate safety funding, 

application and project selection process, and available safety data and resources. In 2022, VDOT held three 

workshops covering topics such as HSIP program overview, systemic safety, and HSIP application submission 

process to prepare local agencies in submitting their HSIP applications when HSIP funding opens up. 

VDOT emphasizes the importance of a data-driven decision-making approach to improve safety in the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. In order to make data-driven decisions on the use of public funding for safety 

improvements, VDOT developed a state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and a prioritized list of 

intersections and segments with the largest Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI). The SPF and PSI 

analyses are shared across the Districts and localities. Along with other safety data and analysis, the SPF and 

PSI analyses can be used for project consideration and selection. The localities also have full access to crash 

data from VDOT’s Power BI crash analysis tool. VDOT Power BI crash analysis tool pulls the crash data from 

Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)’s crash data source as DMV owns and maintains the main 

source of the crash data. 

VDOT coordinates with local government partners, such as Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and 

Planning District Commissions (PDCs), through meetings and webinars to set an obtainable target that 

coincides with VDOT's Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) goals. 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 16 of 55

Virginia’s Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) oversees transportation projects and initiatives for the 

Commonwealth of Virginia. VDOT has the responsibility for construction, maintenance, and operation of 

Virginia’s roadways under the overall guidance of the CTB. VDOT Central Office HSIP staff coordinates with 

CTB staff for prioritization of HSIP projects and through final HSIP project selection. 

Describe other aspects of HSIP Administration on which the State would like to 

elaborate. 

According to the 2017 VDOT Pedestrian Crash Assessment: Analysis of Pedestrian Crashes Occurring 

Between 2012-2016, pedestrian fatalities in Virginia have increased by 19 percent since 2012. In response to 

the continuing increase in pedestrian fatality rates, the VDOT Traffic Engineering Division completed an 

inaugural statewide Pedestrian Safety Action Plan (PSAP) in early 2018. This report documents the process 

VDOT followed to complete the PSAP and considers ways to improve pedestrian safety and ultimately reduce 

pedestrian fatalities throughout the Commonwealth. In 2020, VDOT updated the plan, PSAP-2, with most 

recent crash and transportation equity data, generating new priority corridors and crash clusters. The corridors 

were screened based upon various factors including traffic volumes, speed, transit proximity, vehicle 

ownership levels by household, state Health Opportunity Index (HOI), and etc. In February 2022, the new 

version of PSAP, PSAP-3, became available with most recent crash data between 2016 and 2020 with two 

notable changes: 1) Both pedestrian and bicycle crashes are used in the screening analysis 2) In addition to 

the statewide and regional priority corridors, the Version 3 also provides district-level priority segments 

VDOT worked with a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders to identify and address pedestrian safety concerns 

through a data driven approach. This approach included identifying and addressing locations with a history of 

pedestrian safety crashes along with proactively addressing pedestrian crash risk through the identification of 

priority corridors. This report complements other pedestrian safety efforts in the Commonwealth, including the 

Virginia new 2022–2026 Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), VDOT HSIP, SMART SCALE, Transportation 

Alternatives Program, and Safe Routes to School program. Local, regional, and state agencies should review 

this report to identify and implement potential countermeasures, update design policies, and supplement other 

State pedestrian safety initiatives. 

Program Methodology 

Does the State have an HSIP manual or similar that clearly describes HSIP planning, 

implementation and evaluation processes? 

Yes 

VDOT is currently in process of updating the VDOT HSIP Implementation Manual. 

Select the programs that are administered under the HSIP. 

• HRRR

• HSIP (no subprograms) 

Program: HRRR

Date of Program Methodology:8/22/2018

What is the justification for this program? 

• FHWA focused approach to safety
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 17 of 55

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Funding set-aside

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only

• Traffic

• Volume • Functional classification

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Equivalent property damage only (EPDO Crash frequency)

• Excess expected crash frequency using SPFs

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Other-B/C Ranking:40

Other-Project in PSI or District SHSP Listing:25

Other-High Number of Targeted Crashes:10

Other-Cost Estimate and Project Schedule:10

Other-Other:15

Total Relative Weight:100

Program: HSIP (no subprograms)

Date of Program Methodology:12/1/2019

What is the justification for this program? 

• Addresses SHSP priority or emphasis area
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 18 of 55

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Competes with all projects

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• All crashes

• Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only

• Traffic

• Volume

• Lane miles

• Median width

• Horizontal curvature

• Functional classification

• Roadside features

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Crash frequency

• Crash rate

• Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment

• Other-Systemic initiative analysis

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

No

Describe the methodology used to identify local road projects as part of this program.

Localities must conduct analysis using data-driven approach following the HSIP guidelines and 

submit an application to show project return-on-investment, 

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Other-Systemic Analysis:100

Total Relative Weight:100

What percentage of HSIP funds address systemic improvements? 

 100
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 19 of 55

 HSIP funds are used to address which of the following systemic 

improvements? 

• Other-Centerline and Edgeline Rumble Strips/Stripes 

• Other-Curve Delineation Improvements 

• Other-Flashing Yellow Arrow 

• Other-High Visibility Signal Backplates 

• Other-Pedestrian Crossing Improvements 

• Other-Safety Wedge 

• Other-Unsignalized Intersection Improvements 

What process is used to identify potential countermeasures? 

• Crash data analysis 

• Data-driven safety analysis tools (HSM, CMF Clearinghouse, SafetyAnalyst, usRAP) 

• Engineering Study 

• Road Safety Assessment 

• SHSP/Local road safety plan 

• Stakeholder input 

Does the State HSIP consider connected vehicles and ITS technologies? 

Yes 

Describe how the State HSIP considers connected vehicles and ITS technologies. 

In the Virginia’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), VDOT considers Connected Vehicle/Autonomous 

Vehicles as a special area of focus. The SHSP provides a strategy in providing future technology regarding this 

specific topic: Ensure that future connected and autonomous vehicle technology deployments maximize 

potential safety benefits for all users by supporting necessary planning and research activities. 

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies are part of HSIP projects as there can be cost-effective 

ITS projects that improve safety. 

Examples of ITS technologies applicable for HSIP: 

· Real-time Adaptive Signal Controllers, 

· Advance Transportation Controllers 

· Signal Optimization 

· Dynamic Message Sign (DMS), Overhead Message Boards, and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) 

· Fiber Optic Lines and Connection. 

· Incident Management: Signs and Camera 

· Real-time Performance Measuring Software: iPeMS (Iteris Performance Measurement System) 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 20 of 55

· Retrofit Pedestrian signal heads with pedestrian countdown signals, Accessible Pedestrian Signal (APS) and 

Accessible Pedestrian signal Detectors (APD) 

· Controller Actuated Beacon / flasher (CAB) 

Does the State use the Highway Safety Manual to support HSIP efforts? 

Yes 

Please describe how the State uses the HSM to support HSIP efforts. 

VDOT emphasizes data-driven decision-making to improve transportation safety and safety data. One way that 

VDOT has employed the use of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is through a statewide evaluation of 

systemic improvement projects. This evaluation involved a simple before-and-after evaluation of all eligible 

systemic projects funded through the HSIP program. Also, this effort involved preparations for future systemic 

evaluations, including collection of project-level data and modification of the HSIP project application forms. 

In order to make data-driven decisions on the use of public funding for safety improvements, VDOT developed 

state-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) and prioritized list of locations with the largest Potential for 

Safety Improvements (PSI). The use of SPFs and PSI for network screening and project prioritization are well 

documented throughout the HSM. 

VDOT developed a comprehensive set of state-specific SPFs, covering 98 percent of its state-maintained 

roadway locations. The impetus for VDOT developing their own SPFs and analytical tools arose from the 

decision that AASHTOWare Safety AnalystTM did not meet their needs. VDOT developed state-specific SPFs 

using historical crash, traffic, and roadway inventory data. SPF developers worked closely with engineers 

throughout the development process to evaluate whether each SPF was implementable for all types of 

improvements (spot, corridor, and systemic). To date, VDOT has developed 24 SPFs covering the majority of 

roadway facilities, including two-lane roads, intersections, and freeways/multi-lane highways. For each 

facility/location type, VDOT developed two separate SPFs: one for total crashes and the other for fatal + injury 

crashes. Actual crash frequency for any specific location can be compared to the SPF for locations of that type 

to see if, for the level of traffic volume, the location has more than the predicted number of crashes. 

VDOT incorporates the comparisons of actual- to predicted-crash frequencies in its network screening and 

provides district engineers with a list of the top 100 intersections and top 100 miles of roadway segments 

drawn from the locations that are above the SPF. VDOT uses the most recent three years of crash data to 

calculate the PSI. The PSI is the expected number of crashes for the site minus the predicted number of 

crashes based on the SPF for that facility type. As with SPFs, VDOT calculates the PSI for total crashes and 

fatal + injury crashes. A site with a positive PSI warrants examination and those with the highest PSI values 

should be considered high priority. With this PSI list, each district engineer can determine which site(s) to 

prioritize based on their practical experience and knowledge of the area. 

VDOT has noted several benefits of the data-driven SPF and PSI implementation effort, including: 

· Prioritization of systemic countermeasure implementation locations at a District-level 

· Using public funding in a cost-effective manner 

· Measuring quantifiable benefits for both systemic and spot improvements 

· Managing public concern 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 21 of 55

· Comparing locations to prioritize projects 

The SPF development team conducts training (including an annual “roadshow” to all nine districts) and hosts 

webinars to ensure district engineers understand the methodology and how to use the SPFs. VDOT has not 

mandated the use of SPFs and PSIs by the districts because the process of introducing a new methodology 

takes time. However, the district engineers are aware that it is the preferred methodology for network 

screening. 

Describe other aspects of the HSIP methodology on which the State would like to 

elaborate. 

VDOT Traffic Engineering Central Office administers the HSIP and provides the VDOT District Offices with 

Targeted Safety Needs (TSN) intersections and segments based in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) 

network screening methodology. TSN locations indicate intersections or segments that have a positive 

Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI) value in three or more years of the five-year period, indicating 

recurring safety issues. VDOT districts use this information with local knowledge to initiate further engineering 

studies of the locations and scope projects to be submitted for inclusion in its Six-Year Improvement Program 

(SYIP). 

Depending on the scale and complexity of the projects, VDOT district offices conduct Roadway Safety 

Assessments (RSA) as determined by the VDOT District Traffic Engineer. To assist the District Traffic 

Engineer with conducting these RSAs, VDOT's Highway Safety Program developed Virginia specific guidelines 

for performing these assessments. 

VDOT Central Office is responsible for establishing the process and conducting network screening, scoring, 

and selection of HSIP systemic improvement projects. HSIP projects are selected based upon the risk factors 

across an entire roadway network or all locations where investments of HSIP funds may yield highest rate of 

return in terms of reducing deaths and serious injuries. The HSIP Systemic Implementation Plan includes eight 

low-cost and high-benefit systemic safety countermeasures on VDOT-maintained roadways in the 

Commonwealth, and each of the eight systemic safety countermeasures have had proven safety results in the 

Commonwealth or in other states. Once the inventory or locations are screened, the VDOT Districts are 

responsible for further evaluation of the selected HSIP project locations for feasibility based on local knowledge 

and data-driven analysis. Once the final HSIP projects are prioritized and selected by Central Office, the 

selected HSIP projects are included in Virginia’s Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP), which is then 

presented to the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) for approval. Once the HSIP projects are 

approved, programmed, and have received allocated funds, the HSIP staff monitor the projects from scoping 

through construction to the final voucher. The project monitoring process consists of tracking changes that 

occur to the following functions: advertisement dates, funding authorization dates, engineer’s estimates, and 

expenditures. Cost, schedule, and scope are monitored and measured to ensure that the HSIP projects are 

being delivered on time and on budget. HSIP project schedules and cost both directly affect the Federal 

Strategy and VDOT’s ability to meet their Obligation Authority for the HSIP Program.
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 22 of 55

Project Implementation

Funds Programmed

Reporting period for HSIP funding.

State Fiscal Year

Enter the programmed and obligated funding for each applicable funding category.

FUNDING CATEGORY PROGRAMMED OBLIGATED % 

OBLIGATED/PROGRAMMED

HSIP (23 U.S.C. 148) $62,500,000 $48,600,000 77.76%

HRRR Special Rule (23 

U.S.C. 148(g)(1))

$0 $5,900,000 0%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

154)

$13,700,000 $15,900,000 116.06%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

164)

$0 $0 0%

RHCP (for HSIP 

purposes) (23 U.S.C. 

130(e)(2))

$2,800,000 $1,800,000 64.29%

Other Federal-aid Funds 

(i.e. STBG, NHPP)

$0 $0 0%

State and Local Funds $87,250,000 $0 0%

Totals $166,250,000 $72,200,000 43.43%

How much funding is programmed to local (non-state owned and operated) or tribal 

safety projects?

$13,600,000

How much funding is obligated to local or tribal safety projects?

$12,000,000

How much funding is programmed to non-infrastructure safety projects?

$3,760,000

How much funding is obligated to non-infrastructure safety projects?

$3,760,000

How much funding was transferred in to the HSIP from other core program areas 

during the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126?

$0
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 23 of 55

How much funding was transferred out of the HSIP to other core program areas during 

the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126? 

$31,233,814

On August 25, 2021, $31,233,814 was transferred out of the HSIP program related to the information listed 

below. At the end of FFY19, $83.4 million of other federal apportionments (STBG, CMAQ, TAP) subject to the 

FAST Act rescission were transferred into the HSIP program to reduce the amount of these funds subject to 

the FAST Act rescission upon its calculation date of September 30, 2019. Such transfers are administrative 

actions explicitly provided for in federal regulations. The intent is to transfer these funds back out of HSIP in 

increments over the next three federal fiscal years; therefore, there is no impact or change to the HSIP 

program or funding as currently projected in the Six-Year Financial Plan (SYFP). Put another way, the HSIP 

program is anticipated to remain funded at the levels currently shown in the SYFP and SYIP (absent, of 

course, any changes to future revenue projections or policy direction). As a result, there is no anticipation or 

expectation that any HSIP funds will lapse. 

Discuss impediments to obligating HSIP funds and plans to overcome this challenge in 

the future. 

Having realistic and attainable project schedules may be considered as an impediment to obligating HSIP 

funds. Few Districts have struggled in the project development of HSIP funded safety projects, which resulted 

in some safety projects missing their submission deadlines. Ultimately, HSIP funds were not used for those 

projects in the planned years. To overcome these project delivery issues, the HSIP staff are working with the 

District Traffic Engineers to track the milestones of HSIP projects. This will ensure District project managers 

stay on schedule and deliver the safety improvement projects on time. 

Inflation of project materials and labor costs are also becoming a big issue in project delivery along with 

contractor capacity. 

VDOT will continue to work through its District offices to provide guidance and support in the project 

development phase of these safety projects. 

Describe any other aspects of the State’s progress in implementing HSIP projects on 

which the State would like to elaborate. 

In September 2019, the CTB approved an amendment to FY 2020-2025 Six-Year Improvement Program 

(SYIP) to begin deployment of systemic safety improvements included in an initial Systemic Improvement Plan 

with the eight systemic countermeasures initiatives. The eight systemic countermeasure initiatives are as 

follows: 

• High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

• Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

• Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections 

• Centerline Rumble Strip 

• Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes 

• Curve Delineation 

• Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections 

• Safety Edge 

The detail Implementation Criteria found in: https://www.virginiadot.org/business/resources/vhsip/VDOT-2ndPhase-VHSIP-Systemic-Safety-Initiative-Implementation-Criteria-Locality_acc050222.pdf 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 24 of 55

Of the eight systemic safety initiatives, VDOT plans to complete the High Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

and Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) initiatives by December 2021. Implementation of the other initiatives will also 

make progress along with the completion of HVSB and FYA initiatives, and below is the progress of the eight 

systemic countermeasure initiatives as of June 2021: 

• High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB): 100% Complete – 3039 Locations 

• Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA): 100% Complete – 1242 Locations 

• Pedestrian Accommodations Improvements at Signalized Intersections: 20.5% Complete – 112 

Locations 

• Centerline Rumble Strip: 24.5% Complete – 428 Miles 

• Edgeline Rumble Strip/Stripes: 12.8% Complete – 426 Miles 

• Curve Delineation: 33.4% Complete – 535 Locations 

• Improvements at Unsignalized Intersections: 10.3% Complete – 156 Locations 

• Safety Edge: 1% Complete – 238 Miles 

In January 2022, the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) approved the Virginia Highway Safety 

Investment Strategy that continued deployment of proven systemic and hybrid safety countermeasures across 

the Commonwealth. The new and updated systemic safety initiatives for VDOT-maintained roads include the 

following: 

· Expanded Flashing Yellow Arrow 

· Pedestrian Crossings 

· Two-Lane Rural Roads 

The systemic safety initiatives for locally maintained streets and roads include the following: 

· Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) 

· High-Visibility Signal Backplates (HVSB) 

· Pedestrian Crossings 

· Curve Signage 

· Unsignalized Intersections 

· Road Reconfiguration (Road Diet) 

SMART Portal will open for localities to submit safety applications for HSIP funding consideration, and SMART 

Portal Intake Period beginning August 1st through October 31st, 2022. Application must be for eligible 

systemic treatment that was presented to Commonwealth Transportation board (CTB) in December 2021.The 

funding will be awarded through a competitive application process with application that have a higher return on 

investment and other factors. 

VDOT also developed the Virginia-specific comprehensive crash costs for use in highway safety project 

evaluation. This crash costs should be used by practitioners in Virginia when calculating the benefit-cost ratio 

for specific safety treatments. The detail information’s is provided in the following link: 

https://www.virginiadot.org/business/resources/vhsip/VDOT-Crash-Costs-Memo_acc050222.pdf
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 25 of 55

General Listing of Projects

List the projects obligated using HSIP funds for the reporting period.

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

FedID:5B01150 -

Project 

Description: -

110209-ROUTE 

28 @ ROUTE 605 

- RIGHT TURN 

LANE 

Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify 

auxiliary lanes

0.08 Miles $333848 $333848 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 14,000 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:5102174 -

Project 

Description: -

110873-Euclid 

Ave. - Install Mast 

Arms and 

Pedestrian Signal 

Heads

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic 

signal –other

1 Intersections $962403 $962403 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Multiple/Varies Principal ArterialOther12,300 35 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:5111399 -

Project 

Description: -

110898-Rt. 

610/ASHLEIGH 

CHANNELIZE 

OFFSET RT 

TURN LANE -

SPOTSY

Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify 

auxiliary lanes

0.095 Miles $825999 $825999 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 11,900 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:5A04247 -

Project 

Description: -

111005-Western 

Branch Blvd 

Flashing Yellow 

Arrows (FYA)

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic 

signal – add 

flashing yellow 

arrow

4 Intersections $97507 $97507 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 Other Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:5A04248 -

Project 

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic 

signal – add 

8 Intersections $130247 $130247 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 Other Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 26 of 55

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

Description: - 

111006-Cedar 

Road Flashing 

Yellow Arrows 

(FYA)

flashing yellow 

arrow

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:5A27714 - 

Project 

Description: - 

111106-RTE 250 

SIDEWALK - 

DOMINION BLVD 

TO 

SPRINGFIELD 

RD

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 1.364 Miles $2456545 $2456545 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID:5113028 - 

Project 

Description: - 

113319-

Downtown Main 

Street Pedestrian 

Improvements - 

City of Galax

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new 

crosswalk

Other $543022 $543022 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Multiple/Varies Minor Arterial 0 Other Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID:5128473 - 

Project 

Description: - 

113324-

Installation of 

Pedestrian 

Countdown Signal

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrian signal 1 Intersections $98997 $98997 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 Other Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID:5A04249 - 

Project 

Description: - 

113824-

Providence Road 

& Mount Pleasant 

Road FYA 

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic 

signal – add 

flashing yellow 

arrow

11 Intersections $226018 $226018 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 Other Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:5A04250 - 

Project 

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic 

signal – add 

8 Intersections $218038 $218038 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 Other Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 27 of 55

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

Description: - 

113825-S. Military 

Highway & 

George 

Washington 

Highway FYA

flashing yellow 

arrow

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:5118307 - 

Project 

Description: - 

114064-GRAVES 

MILL ROAD - 

INSTALL 

ADAPTIVE 

SIGNAL 

CONTROLS

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Adaptive Signal 

Control System

5 Intersections $520203 $520203 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID:0623149 - 

Project 

Description: - 

114095-RTE 29 - 

SHOULDER 

WIDENING, 

RUMBLE 

STRIPS, GR 

(NELSON)

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

5.38 Miles $3847598 $3847598 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Principal ArterialOther0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.

FedID:9622117 - 

Project 

Description: - 

117211-FY 21 

Curve Delineation

Roadway signs 

and traffic 

control

Curve-related 

warning signs 

and flashers

Other $839920 $839920 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Multiple/Varies Principal ArterialOther0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.

FedID:5128448 - 

Project 

Description: - 

117221-Franklin 

Road Sidewalk 

Improvements - 

Rt. 220 B- Phase 

2 

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 0.71 Miles $1791406 $2240783 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 Other Systemic Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 28 of 55

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID:9666116 - 

Project 

Description: - 

117572-

DISTRICTWIDE - 

TRENCH 

WIDENING (TOP 

100 SEGMENTS)

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder –

paved or other 

(includes add 

shoulder)

Other $1361618 $1361618 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.

FedID:9644149 - 

Project 

Description: - 

120008-HSIP 

Safety PreScoping --

RICHMOND 

DISTRICT

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous - 

other

Other $1342265 $1342265 HRRR 

Special Rule 

(23 U.S.C. 

148(g)(1))

Rural Major Collector 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Other Engineering: This 

E involves the 

design of 

roadways and 

environment 

using solutions 

that reduce 

number or 

severity of 

crashes when 

they occur.

FedID:9677103 - 

Project 

Description: - 

120678-Districtwide Unsignalized 

Intersections 

Improvements 

Intersection 

traffic control

Systemic 

improvements –

stop-controlled

Other $661853 $661853 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Major Collector 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID: 92063-

Project 

Description: - 

106701-HRRR - 

Safety 

Improvements

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection 

geometry - other

1 Intersections $2570931 $2570931 HRRR 

Special Rule 

(23 U.S.C. 

148(g)(1))

Rural Major Collector 1,500 40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID: 5138207-

Project 

Description:-

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder –

paved or other 

12.46 Miles $3801165 $3801165 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Rural Minor Arterial 12,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 29 of 55

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

107022-RTE 50 - 

SAFETY 

IMPROVEMENTS

(includes add 

shoulder)

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.

FedID: 5A03908-

Project 

Description:-

108792-Virginia 

Beach Systemic 

FYA

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic 

signal – add 

flashing yellow 

arrow

23 Intersections $487228 $487228 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID: 5A03994-

Project 

Description:-

108797-

Cheseapeake 

Blvd/ Cromwell 

Drive Int. 

Improvements

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection 

geometry - other

Various $1301759 $1301759 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID: 5A27736-

Project 

Description:-

108885-

#SMART18 - 

HOPKINS ROAD 

SIDEWALK 

(BONNIEBANK 

RD TO S 

MELODY)

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 0.52 Miles $966200 $1167646 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 8,000 35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID: 5A27742-

Project 

Description:-

108887-

#SMART18 - 

HARROWGATE 

ROAD/COUGAR 

TRAIL - 

PEDESTRIAN 

IMPROVE

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 0.265 Miles $889000 $2525792 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 18,590 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 30 of 55

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

FedID: 828070-

Project 

Description:-

109062-TRENCH 

WIDEN 

SHOULDERS 

AND INSTALL 

RUMBLE STRIPS 

RTE 259

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder –

paved or other 

(includes add 

shoulder)

12.25 Miles $4165000 $4165000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Principal ArterialOther2,700 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.

FedID: 938046-

Project 

Description:-

109068-TRENCH 

WIDEN 

SHOULDERS 

AND INSTALL 

RUMBLE 

STRIPES - RTE 

55

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder –

paved or other 

(includes add 

shoulder)

7.22 Miles $2155766 $2155766 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Principal ArterialOther22,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.

FedID: 5111401-

Project 

Description:-

109516-ROUTE 

711 - 

CROSSOVER 

MOVEMENT 

CONVERSION

Roadway Roadway 

widening - add 

lane(s) along 

segment

2 Locations $1957450 $1957450 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 20,000 35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID: 5204127-

Project 

Description:-

109573-ROUTE 

522 ROAD DIET 

AND BIKE 

PEDESTRIAN 

IMPROVEMENTS

Roadway Roadway 

narrowing (road 

diet, roadway 

reconfiguration)

0.77 Miles $3029921 $3046235 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID: 5154113-

Project 

Description:-

113352-Roanoke 

Street Sidewalk at 

460 By-Pass

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 0.28 Miles $684483 $996199 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 31 of 55

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID: 5A27909-

Project 

Description:-

113772-

SYSTEMIC 

SIGNAL TIMING 

OPTIMIZATION 

#3 - 

DISTRICTWIDE

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic 

signal timing –

general retiming

Various $727800 $727800 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 

while considering 

context

FedID: 5A04238-

Project 

Description:-

113821-Potters 

Road Road Diet

Roadway Roadway 

narrowing (road 

diet, roadway 

reconfiguration)

0.98 Miles $570000 $856401 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Urban Major Collector 5,400 35 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID: 5115258-

Project 

Description:-

113894-Main 

Street Pedestrian 

Safety 

Improvement - 

Bridgewater

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists – other

4 Intersections $181033 $240639 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID: 5118317-

Project 

Description:-

114062-#HSIP16 

- BUS 501 - 

CONSTRUCT 

SIDEWALK 

(KEMPER 

STREET)

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 0.255 Miles $560484 $673543 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 0 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Strategy 1. 

Identify locations 

having 

concentrations of 

ped activity or the 

potential for 

crashes to apply 

proven ped safety 

countermeasures.

FedID: 9688115-

Project 

Description:-

116686-

STAUNTON 

DISTRICT 

UNSIGNALIZED 

INTERSECTION 

IMPROVEMENTS

Intersection 

traffic control

Intersection 

traffic control - 

other

Various $1582595 $1582595 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersections Strategy 1. 

Reduce number 

and severity of 

crashes at 

intersections with 

design, traffic 

control, 

operational 

improvements 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 32 of 55

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

while considering 

context

FedID: TS02264-

Project 

Description:-

117215-FY 21 

Edgeline 

Rumblestrips

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

Various $791322 $791322 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.

FedID: 9644152-

Project 

Description:-

120285-

ROADWAY 

DEPARTURE 

ON-CALL 

CONTRACT - 

DISTRICTWIDE

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

Various $776452 $776452 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Strategy 1. 

Reduce chance of 

vehicles leaving 

travel lane at 

locations with 

road departure 

crashes by 

improving 

roadway and 

traffic control 

devices.
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 33 of 55

Safety Performance

General Highway Safety Trends

Present data showing the general highway safety trends in the State for the past five 

years.

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Fatalities 740 703 754 760 839 820 827 847 968

Serious Injuries 8,643 7,594 8,014 8,087 7,634 7,442 7,197 6,798 7,397

Fatality rate (per 

HMVMT)

0.916 0.868 0.913 0.900 0.984 0.961 0.968 1.116 1.182

Serious injury rate (per 

HMVMT)

10.701 9.377 9.699 9.575 8.953 8.721 8.426 8.957 9.032

Number non-motorized 

fatalities

83 100 92 132 123 130 137 125 141

Number of nonmotorized serious 

injuries

629 627 635 630 598 568 584 519 551
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 34 of 55

Annual Fatalities

 

Annual Serious Injuries

 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 35 of 55

Fatality rate (per HMVMT)

 

Serious injury rate (per HMVMT)

 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 36 of 55

Describe fatality data source. 

FARS

To the maximum extent possible, present this data by functional classification and 

ownership. 

Year 2021

Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - 

Interstate

53 340.8 0.6 3.87

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other

84.4 544.6 1.2 7.79

Rural Minor Arterial 111.8 629.4 2.09 11.8

Rural Minor Collector 16.8 132.8 1.67 13.27

Rural Major Collector 124 847.6 3.31 22.66

Non Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries

 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 37 of 55

Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Local Road or 

Street

56.8 466.8 2.32 19.18

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - 

Interstate

69.8 674 0.41 3.96

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

14 128.2 0.31 2.83

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other

101.6 884.4 0.99 8.62

Urban Minor Arterial 76.4 808.8 0.93 9.82

Urban Minor Collector 37.4 405.8 0.91 9.6

Urban Major Collector

Urban Local Road or 

Street

16 190.6 0.47 5.78
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 38 of 55

Year 2021

Roadways Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

State Highway 

Agency

678 5,041.6 1.23 9.33

County Highway 

Agency

8.2 87.4 0.42 4.69

Town or Township 

Highway Agency

32.6 362.2 0.81 8.52

City or Municipal 

Highway Agency

104.2 1,233.4 0.38 4.61

State Park, Forest, or 

Reservation Agency

Local Park, Forest or 

Reservation Agency

Other State Agency

Other Local Agency

Private (Other than 

Railroad)

Railroad

State Toll Authority

Local Toll Authority 1.2 5 0.99 4.05

Other Public 

Instrumentality (e.g. 

Airport, School, 

University)

Indian Tribe Nation

Other

Safety Performance Targets

Safety Performance Targets

Calendar Year 2023 Targets *

Number of Fatalities:926.4

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 39 of 55

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 971 fatalities in 2022 and 1012 

fatalities in 2023. These annual and 5-year average targets represent an increase that began in 2015 and is 

anticipated into 2023. Additional information on the prediction method used and collaboration with the Virginia 

Governor's Highway Safety Office (GHSO) is described in Question 35. Although the upward trend continued, 

Virginia's 2022-2026 SHSP safety performance objectives were set to match a 50 percent reduction by 2045 

goal. This goal equates to about a two percent per year fatality reductions during the five year period. These 

optimistic two percent reductions in fatalities were adopted by the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) 

as state targets and objectives. Without intense intervention to improve travel technology and safety culture, 

reversing the recent trends will be difficult. Now that data-driven targets are being set and approved by CTB 

showing the predicted increases, the new SHSP actions and goals have even more support, with policy focus 

on safety, the reprioritization of HSIP on more cost effective systemic countermeasures, and new additional 

state funding of safety improvements starting last year.

Number of Serious Injuries:7211.8

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 7,217 Serious Injury (SI) in 2022 and 

7,465 SI in 2023. These annual and 5-year average targets represent an distinct leveling that began in 2015, 

after a long period of declines, and is anticipated to continue into 2023. Additional information on the prediction 

method used and collaboration with the Virginia GHSO is described in Question 35. Although the level trend 

continued, Virginia's 2022-2026 SHSP safety performance objectives were set to match a 50 percent reduction 

by 2045 goal. This goal equates to about a two percent per year SI reductions during the five year period. 

These optimistic two percent reductions in SI were adopted by the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) 

as state targets and objectives. Without intense intervention to improve travel technology and safety culture, 

reversing the recent trends will be difficult. Now that data-driven targets are being set and approved by CTB 

showing the predicted slight increases, the new SHSP actions and goals have even more support, with policy 

focus on safety, the reprioritization of HSIP on more cost effective systemic countermeasures, and new 

additional state funding of safety improvements starting last year.

Fatality Rate:1.134

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 1.176 fatalities per HMVMT in 2021 

and 1.216 fatalities per HMVMT in 2023. These annual and 5-year average targets represent an increase that 

began in 2015 and is anticipated into 2023, particularly with the uncertainty of VMT growth through and after 

the pandemic. Additional information on the prediction method used and collaboration with the GHSO is 

described in Question 35. Virginia's 2022-2026 SHSP safety performance objectives set optimistic objectives 

based on 50 percent fatality and serious injury reductions by 2045. Recently, however, fatalities have 

increased while pre-pandemic VMT growth was minimal to a reduction in 2020 and 2021 VMT generating 

fluctuations in rates. Now that data-driven targets are being set for and approved by CTB, the SHSP actions 

and goals have even more support, given recent rate trends, with the reprioritization of HSIP on more cost 

effective systemic countermeasures and additional state funding of safety improvements starting last year.

Serious Injury Rate:8.822

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 8.740 fatalities per HMVMT in 2021 

and 8.971 fatalities per HMVMT in 2023. These annual values began increasing in 2019 after a long period of 

declines. The 5-year average targets represent a leveling that began in 2018 and is anticipated into 2023, 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 40 of 55

particularly with the uncertainty of VMT growth through and after the pandemic. Additional information on the 

prediction method used and collaboration with the GHSO is described in Question 35. Virginia's 2022-2026 

SHSP safety performance objectives set optimistic objectives based on 50 percent fatality and serious injury 

reductions by 2045. Recently, however, SI have increased while pre-pandemic VMT growth was minimal to a 

reduction in 2020 and 2021 VMT generating fluctuations in rates. Now that data-driven targets are being set for 

and approved by CTB, the SHSP actions and goals have even more support, given recent rate trends, with the 

reprioritization of HSIP on more cost effective systemic countermeasures and additional state funding of safety 

improvements starting last year.

Total Number of Non-Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries:663.2

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

Five Year Rolling Average above is based on predicted annual value of 663 and then 662 non-motorized 

fatalities and serious injuries in 2022 and 2023, respectively. With the exception of 2020 with decreased travel, 

these annual and 5-year average targets represent a slight decrease of the expected outcomes. Additional 

information on the prediction method used and collaboration with the GHSO are described in Question 35. 

Although there was a 50 percent increase in pedestrian fatalities in 2016 which has remained at that level, 

serious injuries from all non-motorized crashes were declining until an increase in 2021. This combination 

resulted in a leveling trend for annual total values and slight downward trend in five-year averages. To support 

SHSP fatality and SI goals, reducing our non-motorized deaths will provide an important part of the mission. 

Indicating a leveling of non-motorized severe outcomes and targets has led to support of SHSP non-motorized 

safety actions identified for additional funding of infrastructure improvements and education initiatives within 

VDOT and across our safety partner organizations.

Describe efforts to coordinate with other stakeholders (e.g. MPOs, SHSO) to establish 

safety performance targets. 

During the 2019 safety target setting coordination with Virginia’s GHSO (At DMV) and then new 

Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) approval process, the Board requested that VDOT investigate a 

more robust and data-driven methodology than using previous measure data trend lines or optimistic targets 

based on the SHSP.

VDOT HSIP staff investigated best practices (e.g., NCHRP 17-67) and prepared a work plan to develop a loglinear regression model to obtain baseline count predictions of future year measures and then adjust the 

baseline by assessing the expected benefits (crash modifications) of transportation projects to be completed 

the year prior. The new method was tested for setting 2019 targets, as a comparison, but first utilized for the 

2020 safety targets. The rate measures would then be determined based on VMT forecasts used in the 

prediction model. Multiple social, economic, population, infrastructure and behavioral program spending and 

Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT) factors were tested for significance in predicting the count measures.

VDOT began coordination with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) State Highway Safety Offices 

(SHSO) early in the process to obtain their vehicle and license data and input on predictions since the first 

2020 target setting using this method. Several years of SHSO grant program spending was obtained to 

determine if crash modifications could be determined at the jurisdictional level for each program or in 

aggregate. Strong correlation between program spending and measure rates could not be produced, but a 

downward trend in rates was observed with increased spending for several programs. A Transportation 

Research Board published paper ( https://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/HY7SGYAVUKKNGAA6G4TD/full ) 

explains the methodology first used for target setting. In the past four years there have been refinements of the 

inputs and the model validation methods.
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 41 of 55

The behavioral (GHSO total spending were tested and included in the fatality, serious injury and non-motorized 

regression models as significant factors for 2023 predictions. Several other VDOT spending categories for 

construction, maintenance, and operations were also tested and included in the models. As the baseline 

predictions were prepared, each SMART SCALE (capital improvement) and HSIP project to be completed in 

2021 and early 2022 was assessed to determine the crash reduction benefits based on published Crash 

Modification Factors (CMFs). CMFs are refined based on the probability of effectiveness for those that include 

alcohol impairment and speeding based on the levels recorded. These project benefits were then subtracted 

from the baseline predictions to determine the final 2022 targets. The 2023 annual targets were then used, with 

the 2022 interim year targets using the same methods, to determine the 5-year average targets as entered in 

Question #34.

The baseline target models were developed using VDOT district and monthly aggregated data where available. 

This construct, combined with the consideration of programmed projects completed, includes the local and 

regional agency priorities for capital and behavioral program spending. The models could be used to test 

different spending scenarios. As such, the jurisdictional and regional mobility and safety initiatives are directly 

incorporated into the target setting methodology.

Since 2017, VDOT has held quarterly Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) coordination meetings for all 

FHWA (and optional FTA) performance measures and target setting. These meetings continue with MPO 

safety target setting resources provided each year after the statewide targets are set and reported. An Excel 

workbook with regional safety measures and VMT data showing linear predictions is provided. This updated 

data and prediction tool has been provided since setting their 2018 MPO targets. A SharePoint site was 

developed and introduced for obtaining the workbook and submitting the targets. The workbook update 

required refining the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) geospatial data with Virginia fatality data to 

provide fatalities that occurred in Virginia for the multi-state MPOs. VDOT also provided a submittal letter 

template for MPOs to indicate if they will support the State or choose their own targets. All MPOs submittals 

have been received since the 2018 target setting. Three (of 15) of the larger MPOs have decided to set at least 

one independent targets from the State percent reductions. Updates and outreach for MPO 2023 target setting 

will occur in September 2022.

Does the State want to report additional optional targets? 

No

Describe progress toward meeting the State’s 2022 Safety Performance Targets (based 

on data available at the time of reporting). For each target, include a discussion of any 

reasons for differences in the actual outcomes and targets.

PERFORMANCE MEASURES TARGETS ACTUALS

Number of Fatalities 852.0 860.2

Number of Serious Injuries 7451.0 7293.6

Fatality Rate 0.984 1.042

Serious Injury Rate 8.615 8.818

Non-Motorized Fatalities and 

Serious Injuries

725.0 695.2

The above 2021 five-year average safety targets were the second year that the above (Question 35) prediction 

model and project benefit methods were used. The rate targets are based on growth in VMT expected in 2021 
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 42 of 55

and 2023. The ACTUALS values in the above table are based on Virginia safety measure counts and VMT 

estimates available in July 2021 (2021 VMT is not available at the time of this report).

The year 2021 was not typical for Virginia’s severe crash outcomes given the influence of the pandemic on 

travel and behaviors. Although fatalities continued the increases that began in 2014, but they outpaced the 

predicted increases resulting in a five-year average target greater than submitted. Serious injuries were 

thought to continue to level off, but declined for two years, as did the five-year average. Given the predicted 

VMT increases did not materialize and decreased 11 percent in 2020 and predicted to rebound about three 

percent in 2021, the fatality and serious injury rate targets were preliminarily not met while. Given declines in 

non-motorized serious injuries, the associated target was met. So preliminarily two of the five targets were 

meet the targets with the impacts of behavior and VMT during the pandemic being realized.

Although 2020 and 2021 were atypical for fatality outcomes and VMT (thus rate measures), review of 2022 

severe crash outcomes through June indicated a continued increase. At the request of the CTB, Virginia’s 

HSIP and HSP project plans are being revisited to focus on critical emphasis areas. Data driven safety 

analysis methods are being investigated and used to focus on speeding and unbelted occupants behaviors 

with a combination of pedestrian, intersection and road departure systemic (with a few spot/corridor) 

infrastructure projects.

Applicability of Special Rules

Does the HRRR special rule apply to the State for this reporting period? 

No

Virginia’s fatality rate on rural roads has not increased over the most recent two year period, and therefore, 

VDOT is not required to obligate a specified amount of funds towards HRRR eligible routes. The HRRR 

Special Rule does not apply in VA for this fiscal year.

Provide the number of older driver and pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries 65 

years of age and older for the past seven years.

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Fatalities

122 126 159 144 170 144 179

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Serious 

Injuries

643 665 665 688 697 595 726

The rate of traffic fatalities and rate of serious injuries for drivers and pedestrians 65 years of age and older 

have not increased during the most recent 2-year period (two time periods of 5-year rolling average rates of 

fatalities and serious injuries using a 2-year spread), and therefore, the Older Drivers and Pedestrians Special 

Rule does not apply in VA for this fiscal year.
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 43 of 55

Evaluation

Program Effectiveness 

How does the State measure effectiveness of the HSIP? 

• Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• Change in fatalities and serious injuries 

• Lives saved 

Based on the measures of effectiveness selected previously, describe the results of 

the State's program level evaluations. 

VDOT is programming more systemic safety projects and as a result is in interested in understanding the 

effectiveness of these projects. In 2018, VDOT began an effort to evaluate all HSIP-funded systemic 

improvement projects. Because systemic projects are usually deployed in several locations over one or 

multiple jurisdictions, it has proven to be difficult to gather accurate data or perform analysis on the overall 

effectiveness of these systemic improvement projects. As a result of the challenges encountered in the 

evaluation effort, VDOT has engaged in an effort to develop a project tracking tool specifically designed to 

track these HSIP-funded systemic projects. Also, VDOT coordinate with all nine districts monthly to check the 

progress and obtained the status of eight systemic safety initiatives, to better track VDOT developed the 

systemic safety initiative tracking tools. 

Some of the systemic projects that have been completed under the 2018 Systemic Implementation Plan have 

been completed for some time now, and there are now after-implementation data becoming more available. In 

the coming years, VDOT is planning more extensive effectiveness analysis of the systemic improvements as 

additional after-implementation data becomes available. 

What other indicators of success does the State use to demonstrate effectiveness and 

success of the Highway Safety Improvement Program? 

• # miles improved by HSIP 

• HSIP Obligations 

• More systemic programs 

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements 

Present and describe trends in SHSP emphasis area performance measures. 

Year 2021

SHSP Emphasis Area Targeted Crash 

Type

Number of 

Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of 

Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury 

Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Roadway Departure Run-off-road 440 2,883.4 0.54 3.47

Intersections Intersections 239.8 2,684.8 0.29 3.12

Pedestrians Vehicle/pedestrian 122.4 430.6 0.14 0.51

Bicyclists Vehicle/bicycle 12 131.6 0.02 0.16
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 44 of 55

SHSP Emphasis Area Targeted Crash 

Type

Number of 

Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of 

Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury 

Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Impaired Driving Other (define) 261.8 1,115 0.32 1.35

Speed Speed-related 371.2 2,313 0.45 2.8

Occupant Protection Other (define) 361.8 1,631.6 0.44 1.98

Young Drivers Other (define) 96 1,165.6 0.12 1.41
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 45 of 55

Number of Fatalities 

Number of Serious Injuries 

5 Year Average
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 46 of 55

Fatality Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average

Serious Injury Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 47 of 55

Project Effectiveness

Provide the following information for previously implemented projects that the State evaluated this reporting period. 

LOCATION FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT TYPE PDOBEFORE

PDO

AFTER

FATALITY

BEFORE

FATALITY

AFTER

SERIOUS 

INJURY

BEFORE

SERIOUS 

INJURY

AFTER

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

BEFORE

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

AFTER

TOTAL

BEFORE

TOTAL

AFTER

EVALUATION 

RESULTS

(BENEFIT/COST 

RATIO)

107066 Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) 

- Other

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

10.00 27.00 2.00 3.00 8.00 15.00 35.00

107072 Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) 

- Other

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

22.00 28.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 19.00 9.00 46.00 42.00

107123 Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) 

- Other

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 4.00 8.00

104110 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadway Rumble strips – center 10.00 5.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.00 2.00 18.00 9.00

111424 Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) 

- Other

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal –

modernization/replacement

16.00 12.00 1.00 3.00 8.00 8.00 28.00 20.00

107012 Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) 

- Other

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

7.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 13.00 5.00

107014 Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) 

- Other

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

5.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 8.00 1.00

107015 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial (UPA) 

- Other

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

7.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 11.00 5.00

109593 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

4.00 2.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 9.00 4.00

109731 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadside Barrier- metal 1.00 1.00

110108 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

18.00 16.00 3.00 1.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 35.00 35.00

111976 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadway Rumble strips – center 18.00 9.00 4.00 5.00 1.00 8.00 3.00 35.00 13.00

111977 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadway Rumble strips – center 9.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 19.00 7.00

107053 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 9.00 3.00
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 48 of 55

LOCATION FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT TYPE PDOBEFORE

PDO

AFTER

FATALITY

BEFORE

FATALITY

AFTER

SERIOUS 

INJURY

BEFORE

SERIOUS 

INJURY

AFTER

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

BEFORE

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

AFTER

TOTAL

BEFORE

TOTAL

AFTER

EVALUATION 

RESULTS

(BENEFIT/COST 

RATIO)

107019 Rural Minor 

Arterial

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

7.00 7.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 15.00 16.00 25.00 25.00

51845 Urban Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify auxiliary lanes 14.00 20.00 1.00 2.00 13.00 8.00 28.00 30.00

107098 Major 

Collector

Roadway Pavement surface – high 

friction surface

789.00 839.00 19.00 10.00 98.00 78.00 331.00 298.00 1237.00 1225.00

104337 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify auxiliary lanes 40.00 37.00 1.00 3.00 20.00 8.00 61.00 48.00

108312 Other Principal 

Arterial

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Adaptive Signal Control 

System

347.00 421.00 4.00 3.00 26.00 20.00 217.00 224.00 594.00 668.00

109701 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

22.00 18.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 22.00 20.00 46.00 43.00

111316 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

11.00 6.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 8.00 5.00 21.00 14.00

96751 Other Principal 

Arterial

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 29.00 22.00 1.00 4.00 4.00 33.00 27.00

100634 Other Principal 

Arterial

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrians and bicyclists 

– other

20.00 21.00 2.00 8.00 10.00 28.00 33.00

100640 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection geometry - 

other

18.00 12.00 2.00 3.00 10.00 5.00 28.00 22.00

96750 Other Principal 

Arterial

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 8.00 5.00 1.00 2.00 5.00 2.00 14.00 9.00

100689 Urban Local 

Road or Street

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new crosswalk 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

103316 Interstate Roadway Roadway widening - add 

lane(s) along segment

80.00 135.00 1.00 3.00 7.00 22.00 29.00 105.00 172.00

105501 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial (UPA) 

- Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify auxiliary lanes 19.00 9.00 1.00 12.00 4.00 31.00 14.00

105597 Other Principal 

Arterial

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install sidewalk 14.00 19.00 11.00 6.00 25.00 25.00

106362 Other Principal 

Arterial

Roadside Barrier- metal 3.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 4.00
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 49 of 55

LOCATION FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT TYPE PDOBEFORE

PDO

AFTER

FATALITY

BEFORE

FATALITY

AFTER

SERIOUS 

INJURY

BEFORE

SERIOUS 

INJURY

AFTER

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

BEFORE

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

AFTER

TOTAL

BEFORE

TOTAL

AFTER

EVALUATION 

RESULTS

(BENEFIT/COST 

RATIO)

106942 Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control – Modern 

Roundabout

11.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 13.00 4.00

108447 Other Principal 

Arterial

Roadway signs 

and traffic 

control

Curve-related warning 

signs and flashers

220.00 178.00 6.00 13.00 16.00 112.00 84.00 351.00 278.00

109485 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

201.00 253.00 1.00 3.00 14.00 9.00 153.00 139.00 369.00 404.00

109620 Minor Arterial Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control – new traffic 

signal

4.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 2.00

110265 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control – new traffic 

signal

4.00 2.00 1.00 11.00 1.00 15.00 4.00

111547 Minor Arterial Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Install new crosswalk

112523 Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal –

modernization/replacement

14.00 7.00 8.00 5.00 22.00 12.00

104666 Other Principal 

Arterial

Pedestrians and 

bicyclists

Pedestrians and bicyclists 

– other

100.00 71.00 1.00 1.00 42.00 41.00 143.00 113.00

106938 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial (UPA) 

- Interstate

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Dynamic message signs 592.00 1171.00 7.00 12.00 42.00 76.00 257.00 457.00 898.00 1716.00

107772 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial (UPA) 

- Interstate

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Dynamic message signs 769.00 1740.00 1.00 11.00 26.00 76.00 175.00 497.00 971.00 2324.00

108590 Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic control

Intersection flashers –signmounted or overhead11.00 8.00 1.00 4.00 5.00 8.00 21.00 16.00

109558 Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

7.00 5.00 1.00 7.00 6.00

109562 Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

3.00 17.00 1.00 6.00 4.00 23.00

109566 Other Principal 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

13.00 25.00 2.00 8.00 8.00 21.00 35.00

109567 Minor Arterial Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

10.00 12.00 5.00 10.00 17.00

109569 Minor Arterial Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

8.00 5.00 1.00 1.00 9.00 6.00
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 50 of 55

LOCATION FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY IMPROVEMENT TYPE PDOBEFORE

PDO

AFTER

FATALITY

BEFORE

FATALITY

AFTER

SERIOUS 

INJURY

BEFORE

SERIOUS 

INJURY

AFTER

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

BEFORE

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

AFTER

TOTAL

BEFORE

TOTAL

AFTER

EVALUATION 

RESULTS

(BENEFIT/COST 

RATIO)

109065 Minor Arterial Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

55.00 102.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 10.00 19.00 40.00 79.00 154.00

109071 Minor Arterial Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal timing –

signal coordination

28.00 45.00 1.00 3.00 8.00 17.00 40.00 62.00

109072 Minor Arterial Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal timing –

signal coordination

52.00 55.00 1.00 9.00 26.00 32.00 88.00 87.00

110829 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial (UPA) 

- Interstate

Roadway Pavement surface – high 

friction surface

44.00 35.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 14.00 7.00 62.00 45.00
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 51 of 55

Compliance Assessment

What date was the State’s current SHSP approved by the Governor or designated State representative?

 05/12/2017

What are the years being covered by the current SHSP?

From: 2017 To: 2021

When does the State anticipate completing it’s next SHSP update?

 2027

The Virginia Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) has been updated in 2021, but it is awaiting final signatures for official approval. Virginia is currently operating under the Virginia 2022-2026 Strategic Highway Safety Plan per approval 

from the Secretary of Transportation even though signatures are not yet complete.

To read the Virginia 2022-2026 Strategic Highway Safety Plan, please visit: https://www.virginiadot.org/info/resources/SHSP/FR1_VA_SHSP_2022_acc061622.pdf

Provide the current status (percent complete) of MIRE fundamental data elements collection efforts using the table below. 

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

ROADWAY SEGMENT Segment Identifier 

(12) [12]

100 100 100 100 100 100

Route Number (8) 

[8]

100 100

Route/Street Name 

(9) [9]

100 100

Federal Aid/Route 

Type (21) [21]

100 99

Rural/Urban 

Designation (20) [20]

100 100 100 7

Surface Type (23) 

[24]

100 97 100 6

Begin Point 

Segment Descriptor 

(10) [10]

100 100 100 100 100 100

End Point Segment 

Descriptor (11) [11]

100 100 100 100 100 100

Segment Length 

(13) [13]

100 100
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 52 of 55

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

Direction of 

Inventory (18) [18]

100 100

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100 100 100 100 100 100

Median Type (54) 

[55]

96 93

Access Control (22) 

[23]

100 100

One/Two Way 

Operations (91) [93]

99 96

Number of Through 

Lanes (31) [32]

97 94 99 6

Average Annual 

Daily Traffic (79) [81]

98 97 94 4

AADT Year (80) [82] 98 97

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100 100 100 100 100 100

INTERSECTION Unique Junction 

Identifier (120) [110]

85

Location Identifier 

for Road 1 Crossing 

Point (122) [112]

100

Location Identifier 

for Road 2 Crossing 

Point (123) [113]

100

Intersection/Junction 

Geometry (126) 

[116]

85

Intersection/Junction 

Traffic Control (131) 

[131]

50

AADT for Each 

Intersecting Road 

(79) [81]

92 56

AADT Year (80) [82] 92 56

Unique Approach 

Identifier (139) [129]

100
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 53 of 55

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

INTERCHANGE/RAMP Unique Interchange 

Identifier (178) [168]

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (197) [187]

100

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

Ending Ramp 

Terminal (201) [191]

100

Ramp Length (187) 

[177]

100 100

Roadway Type at 

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (195) [185]

100

Roadway Type at 

End Ramp Terminal 

(199) [189]

100

Interchange Type 

(182) [172]

Ramp AADT (191) 

[181]

68 75

Year of Ramp AADT 

(192) [182]

68 75

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100 78

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100 100

Totals (Average Percent Complete): 99.33 98.50 88.00 14.00 76.00 38.91 99.22 58.11 100.00 100.00

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

Describe actions the State will take moving forward to meet the requirement to have complete access to the MIRE fundamental data elements on all public roads by September 30, 2026. 

VDOT follows the 10-step VDOT MIRE FDE Implementation Plan to meet the requirement to have complete access to the MIRE Fundamental Data Elements (FDE) on all public roads. VDOT is wrapping up steps 5 and 6 which include 

developing the data collection plan and the cost estimate for collecting the remaining data. This fiscal year, VDOT finalized the review of VDOT’s existing inventory (for both state-owned and non-state-owned roadways) to identify missing 

gaps within VDOT’s existing databases. The responses to Question 49 have been updated based on that assessment. VDOT is in the process of completing the detailed data collection plan and a cost estimate for the data collection and 

assessing innovative technologies. VDOT has also started to collect additional information and video record for non-VDOT-maintained roadways. When funding sources have been identified, VDOT will collect all remaining data needed to 

have complete access to the MIRE fundamental data elements on all public roads.
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 54 of 55

Optional Attachments

Program Structure:

FINAL_VDOT_HSIP_Implementation_Manual.pdf

Project Implementation:

Safety Performance:

Evaluation:

Compliance Assessment:
2022 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 55 of 55

Glossary

5 year rolling average: means the average of five individuals, consecutive annual points of data 

(e.g. annual fatality rate).

Emphasis area: means a highway safety priority in a State’s SHSP, identified through a data-driven, 

collaborative process.

Highway safety improvement project: means strategies, activities and projects on a public road 

that are consistent with a State strategic highway safety plan and corrects or improves a hazardous 

road location or feature or addresses a highway safety problem.

HMVMT: means hundred million vehicle miles traveled.

Non-infrastructure projects: are projects that do not result in construction. Examples of noninfrastructure projects include road safety audits, transportation safety planning activities, 

improvements in the collection and analysis of data, education and outreach, and enforcement 

activities.

Older driver special rule: applies if traffic fatalities and serious injuries per capita for drivers and 

pedestrians over the age of 65 in a State increases during the most recent 2-year period for which 

data are available, as defined in the Older Driver and Pedestrian Special Rule Interim Guidance 

dated February 13, 2013.

Performance measure: means indicators that enable decision-makers and other stakeholders to 

monitor changes in system condition and performance against established visions, goals, and 

objectives.

Programmed funds: mean those funds that have been programmed in the Statewide Transportation 

Improvement Program (STIP) to be expended on highway safety improvement projects.

Roadway Functional Classification: means the process by which streets and highways are 

grouped into classes, or systems, according to the character of service they are intended to provide.

Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP): means a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary plan, based on 

safety data developed by a State Department of Transportation in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 148.

Systematic: refers to an approach where an agency deploys countermeasures at all locations across 

a system.

Systemic safety improvement: means an improvement that is widely implemented based on high 

risk roadway features that are correlated with specific severe crash types.

Transfer: means, in accordance with provisions of 23 U.S.C. 126, a State may transfer from an 

apportionment under section 104(b) not to exceed 50 percent of the amount apportioned for the fiscal 

year to any other apportionment of the State under that section.