II 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3643 

To improve the prohibitions on money laundering, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JANUARY 23, 2024 

Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, and Mr. CORNYN) introduced 

the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee 

on the Judiciary 

A BILL 

To improve the prohibitions on money laundering, and for 

other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Combating Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing, and 

6 Counterfeiting Act of 2024’’. 

7 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

8 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Transportation or transhipment of blank checks in bearer form. 

Sec. 3. Bulk cash smuggling. 

Sec. 4. Section 1957 violations involving commingled funds and aggregated 

transactions. 


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Sec. 5. Charging money laundering as a course of conduct. 

Sec. 6. Illegal money services businesses. 

Sec. 7. Prohibiting money laundering through hawalas, other informal value 

transfer systems, and closely related transactions. 

Sec. 8. Technical amendment to restore wiretap authority for certain money 

laundering and counterfeiting offenses. 

Sec. 9. Making the international money laundering statute apply to tax evasion. 

Sec. 10. Conduct in aid of counterfeiting. 

Sec. 11. Danger pay allowance. 

Sec. 12. Clarification of Secret Service authority to investigate money laundering. 

Sec. 13. Remittances and money laundering threat analysis. 

Sec. 14. Rule of construction. 

1 SEC. 2. TRANSPORTATION OR TRANSHIPMENT OF BLANK 

2 CHECKS IN BEARER FORM. 

3 Section 5316 of title 31, United States Code, is 

4 amended by adding at the end the following: 

5 ‘‘(e) MONETARY INSTRUMENTS WITH AMOUNT LEFT

6 BLANK.—For purposes of this section, a monetary instru7 ment in bearer form that has the amount left blank, such 

8 that the amount could be filled in by the bearer, and that 

9 is possessed by the bearer for the purpose of avoiding a 

10 reporting requirement, shall be considered to have a value 

11 of more than $10,000 if the instrument was drawn on an 

12 account that contained, or was intended to contain more 

13 than $10,000 at the time— 

14 ‘‘(1) the instrument was transported; or 

15 ‘‘(2) the instrument was negotiated or was in16 tended to be negotiated.’’. 

17 SEC. 3. BULK CASH SMUGGLING. 

18 Section 5332(b) of title 31, United States Code, is 

19 amended— 


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1 (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘5 years’’ and 

2 inserting ‘‘10 years’’; 

3 (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and 

4 (4), as paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively; 

5 (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol6 lowing: 

7 ‘‘(2) FINE.— 

8 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Whoever violates this 

9 section shall be fined under title 18. 

10 ‘‘(B) ENHANCED FINE FOR AGGRAVATED

11 CASES.—Whoever violates this section while vio12 lating another law of the United States, other 

13 than section 5316 or 5324(c) of this title, or as 

14 a part of a pattern of any unlawful activity, in15 cluding a violation of section 5316 or 5324(c) 

16 of this title, shall be fined double the amount 

17 provided in subsection (b)(3) or (c)(3) (as ap18 plicable) of section 3571 of title 18.’’; and 

19 (4) in paragraph (5), as so redesignated, by 

20 striking ‘‘paragraph (2)’’ and inserting ‘‘paragraph 

21 (3)’’. 


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1 SEC. 4. SECTION 1957 VIOLATIONS INVOLVING COMMIN2 GLED FUNDS AND AGGREGATED TRANS3 ACTIONS. 

4 Section 1957 of title 18, United States Code, is 

5 amended— 

6 (1) by redesignating subsection (f) as sub7 section (g); and 

8 (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol9 lowing: 

10 ‘‘(f) In a prosecution for an offense under this sec11 tion, the Government may satisfy the $10,000 monetary 

12 transaction value requirement under subsection (a) by 

13 showing that— 

14 ‘‘(1) the monetary transaction involved the 

15 transfer, withdrawal, encumbrance, or other disposi16 tion of more than $10,000 from an account in which 

17 more than $10,000 in proceeds of specified unlawful 

18 activity was commingled with other funds; or 

19 ‘‘(2) the defendant conducted a series of mone20 tary transactions in amounts of not more than 

21 $10,000 that— 

22 ‘‘(A) exceeded $10,000 in the aggregate; 

23 and 

24 ‘‘(B) were closely related to each other as 

25 demonstrated by factors such as— 


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1 ‘‘(i) the time period between the 

2 transactions; 

3 ‘‘(ii) the identity of the parties in4 volved; 

5 ‘‘(iii) the nature or purpose of the 

6 transactions; and 

7 ‘‘(iv) the manner in which the trans8 actions were conducted.’’. 

9 SEC. 5. CHARGING MONEY LAUNDERING AS A COURSE OF 

10 CONDUCT. 

11 Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is 

12 amended— 

13 (1) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘or section 

14 1957’’ and inserting ‘‘, section 1957, or section 

15 1960’’; and 

16 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

17 ‘‘(k) MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS.—Multiple violations of 

18 this section that are part of the same scheme or con19 tinuing course of conduct may be charged, at the election 

20 of the Government, in a single count in an indictment or 

21 information.’’. 

22 SEC. 6. ILLEGAL MONEY SERVICES BUSINESSES. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1960 of title 18, United 

24 States Code, is amended by striking subsections (a) and 

25 (b) and inserting the following: 


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1 ‘‘(a) OFFENSE.— 

2 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Whoever knowingly con3 ducts, controls, manages, supervises, directs, or owns 

4 all or part of a covered money services business de5 scribed under paragraph (2) shall be punished as 

6 provided in subsection (b). 

7 ‘‘(2) MONEY SERVICES BUSINESSES DE8 SCRIBED.—A covered money services business de9 scribed in this paragraph is a covered money services 

10 business that— 

11 ‘‘(A) is operated without an appropriate li12 cense in a State where such operation is pun13 ishable as a misdemeanor or a felony under 

14 State law, whether or not the person knows 

15 that the operation is required to be licensed or 

16 that the operation is so punishable; 

17 ‘‘(B) fails to comply with the money serv18 ices business registration requirements under 

19 section 5330 of title 31, or regulations pre20 scribed under that section, whether or not the 

21 person knows that the operation is required to 

22 comply with those registration requirements; or 

23 ‘‘(C) otherwise engages in a transaction in24 volving funds that the person knows have been 

25 derived from a criminal offense or are intended 


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1 to be used to promote or support unlawful ac2 tivity. 

3 ‘‘(b) CRIMINAL PENALTY.—Any person who vio4 lates— 

5 ‘‘(1) subsection (a) shall be fined in accordance 

6 with this title, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, 

7 or both; or 

8 ‘‘(2) subsection (a) by conducting, controlling, 

9 managing, supervising, directing, or owning all or 

10 part of a covered money services business that en11 gaged in activity as a covered money services busi12 ness involving more than $1,000,000 during a 12- 

13 month period, or by engaging in a transaction or 

14 transactions involving more than $1,000,000 during 

15 a 12-month period, shall be fined double the amount 

16 provided in subsection (b)(3) or (c)(3) (as applica17 ble) of section 3571, imprisoned for not more than 

18 10 years, or both. 

19 ‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 

20 ‘‘(1) the term ‘covered money services business’ 

21 means a money services business that— 

22 ‘‘(A) operates on behalf of the public; and 

23 ‘‘(B) affects interstate or foreign commerce 

24 in any manner or degree; 

25 ‘‘(2) the term ‘money services business’— 


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1 ‘‘(A) has the meaning given the term in 

2 section 5330 of title 31 and any regulations 

3 prescribed under that section; and 

4 ‘‘(B) includes a person that engages in the 

5 transfer, transportation, or exchange of cur6 rency, funds, or value that substitutes for cur7 rency by any and all means, even when not per8 formed for profit; and 

9 ‘‘(3) the term ‘State’ means any State of the 

10 United States, the District of Columbia, the North11 ern Mariana Islands, and any commonwealth, terri12 tory, or possession of the United States.’’. 

13 (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

14 (1) TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE.— 

15 (A) SECTION HEADING.—Section 1960 of 

16 title 18, United States Code, is amended in the 

17 section heading— 

18 (i) by striking ‘‘unlicensed’’ and 

19 inserting ‘‘illegal’’; and 

20 (ii) by striking ‘‘transmitting’’ and 

21 inserting ‘‘services’’. 

22 (B) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of 

23 sections for chapter 95 of title 18, United 

24 States Code, is amended by striking the item 


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1 relating to section 1960 and inserting the fol2 lowing: 

‘‘1960. Prohibition of illegal money services businesses.’’. 

3 (2) TITLE 31, UNITED STATES CODE.— 

4 (A) SECTION 5330.— 

5 (i) HEADINGS.—Section 5330 of title 

6 31, United States Code, is amended— 

7 (I) in the section heading, by 

8 striking ‘‘transmitting’’ and insert9 ing ‘‘services’’; 

10 (II) in subsection (c)— 

11 (aa) in the subsection head12 ing, by striking ‘‘TRANSMITTING’’ 

13 and inserting ‘‘SERVICES’’; 

14 (bb) in paragraph (1), in the 

15 paragraph heading, by striking 

16 ‘‘TRANSMITTING’’ and inserting 

17 ‘‘SERVICES’’; and 

18 (cc) in paragraph (2), in the 

19 paragraph heading, by striking 

20 ‘‘TRANSMITTING’’ and inserting 

21 ‘‘SERVICES’’; and 

22 (III) in subsection (d)(1), in the 

23 paragraph heading, by striking 

24 ‘‘TRANSMITTING’’ and inserting 

25 ‘‘SERVICES’’. 


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1 (ii) TEXT.—Section 5330 of title 31, 

2 United States Code, is amended— 

3 (I) by striking ‘‘money transmit4 ting business’’ each place that term 

5 appears and inserting ‘‘money services 

6 business’’; and 

7 (II) in subsection (a)(3), by 

8 striking ‘‘money transmitting busi9 nesses’’ and inserting ‘‘a money serv10 ices business’’. 

11 (B) SECTION 5336.—Section 

12 5336(a)(11)(B)(vi) of title 31, United States 

13 Code, is amended by striking ‘‘money transmit14 ting business’’ and inserting ‘‘money services 

15 business’’. 

16 (C) SECTION 5362.—Section 5362 of title 

17 31, United States Code, is amended— 

18 (i) by striking ‘‘money transmitting 

19 business’’ each place that term appears 

20 and inserting ‘‘money services business’’; 

21 and 

22 (ii) in paragraph (11)(E), in the sub23 paragraph heading, by striking ‘‘TRANS24 MITTING’’ and inserting ‘‘SERVICES’’. 


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1 (D) SECTION 5363.—Section 5363(2) of 

2 title 31, United States Code, is amended by 

3 striking ‘‘money transmitting business’’ and in4 serting ‘‘money services business’’. 

5 (E) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of 

6 sections for subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 

7 31, United States Code, is amended by striking 

8 the item relating to section 5330 and inserting 

9 the following: 

‘‘5330. Registration of money services businesses.’’. 

10 (3) FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE ACT.—Sec11 tion 21(b)(3)(A) of the Federal Deposit Insurance 

12 Act (12 U.S.C. 1829b(b)(3)(A)) is amended— 

13 (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 

14 striking ‘‘money transmitting businesses’’ and 

15 inserting ‘‘money services businesses (as that 

16 term is defined in section 1960 of title 18, 

17 United States Code)’’; and 

18 (B) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘money 

19 transmitting business’’ and inserting ‘‘money 

20 services business’’. 


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1 SEC. 7. PROHIBITING MONEY LAUNDERING THROUGH 

2 HAWALAS, OTHER INFORMAL VALUE TRANS3 FER SYSTEMS, AND CLOSELY RELATED 

4 TRANSACTIONS. 

5 The matter following section 1956(a)(1)(B)(ii) of 

6 title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘For 

7 purposes of this paragraph, a financial transaction’’ and 

8 inserting ‘‘For purposes of this paragraph and section 

9 1957, a financial transaction or a monetary transaction, 

10 as applicable,’’. 

11 SEC. 8. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT TO RESTORE WIRETAP 

12 AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN MONEY LAUN13 DERING AND COUNTERFEITING OFFENSES. 

14 (a) CURRENCY REPORTING OFFENSES.—Section 

15 2516(1)(g) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 

16 by striking ‘‘or section 5324 of title 31, United States 

17 Code (relating to structuring transactions to evade report18 ing requirement prohibited)’’ and inserting ‘‘or section 

19 5324 or 5332 of that title (relating to evasion of Federal 

20 transaction reporting requirements)’’. 

21 (b) MONEY LAUNDERING.—Section 2516(1)(c) of 

22 title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘sec23 tion 1960 (relating to illegal money services businesses),’’ 

24 before ‘‘section 659’’. 


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1 (c) COUNTERFEITING.—Section 2516(1)(d) of title 

2 18, United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘or 473’’ 

3 and inserting ‘‘473, 474, or 474A’’. 

4 SEC. 9. MAKING THE INTERNATIONAL MONEY LAUNDERING 

5 STATUTE APPLY TO TAX EVASION. 

6 Section 1956(a)(2)(A) of title 18, United States 

7 Code, is amended— 

8 (1) by inserting ‘‘(i)’’ before ‘‘with the intent to 

9 promote’’; and 

10 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

11 ‘‘(ii) with the intent to engage in conduct 

12 constituting a violation of section 7201 or 7206 

13 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or’’. 

14 SEC. 10. CONDUCT IN AID OF COUNTERFEITING. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 474(a) of title 18, United 

16 States Code, is amended by inserting after the paragraph 

17 beginning ‘‘Whoever has in his control, custody, or posses18 sion any plate’’ the following: 

19 ‘‘Whoever, with intent to defraud, has custody, con20 trol, or possession of any material, tool, machinery, or 

21 other equipment that can be used to make, alter, forge, 

22 or counterfeit any obligation or other security of the 

23 United States or any part of such obligation or security, 

24 except under the authority of the Secretary of the Treas25 ury; or’’. 


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1 (b) FOREIGN OBLIGATIONS AND SECURITIES.—Sec2 tion 481 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 

3 inserting after the paragraph beginning ‘‘Whoever, with 

4 intent to defraud’’ the following: 

5 ‘‘Whoever, with intent to defraud, has custody, con6 trol, or possession of any material, tool, machinery, or 

7 other equipment that can be used to make, alter, forge, 

8 or counterfeit any obligation or other security of any for9 eign government, bank, or corporation; or’’. 

10 (c) COUNTERFEIT ACTS.—Section 470 of title 18, 

11 United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘or 474’’ and 

12 inserting ‘‘474, or 474A’’. 

13 (d) STRENGTHENING DETERRENTS TO COUNTER14 FEITING.—Section 474A of title 18, United States Code, 

15 is amended— 

16 (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘, custody,’’ 

17 after ‘‘control’’; 

18 (2) in subsection (b)— 

19 (A) by inserting ‘‘, custody,’’ after ‘‘con20 trol’’; and 

21 (B) by striking ‘‘any essentially identical 

22 feature or device adapted to the making of any 

23 such obligation or security,’’ and inserting ‘‘any 

24 material or other thing made after or in simili25 tude of any such deterrent,’’; 


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1 (3) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub2 section (d); and 

3 (4) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol4 lowing: 

5 ‘‘(c) Whoever has in his control, custody, or posses6 sion any obligation or security of the United States or any 

7 foreign government from which the ink or other distinctive 

8 counterfeit deterrent has been completely or partially re9 moved, except under the authority of the Secretary of the 

10 Treasury, is guilty of a class B felony.’’. 

11 SEC. 11. DANGER PAY ALLOWANCE. 

12 Section 151 of the Foreign Relations Authorization 

13 Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (5 U.S.C. 5928 note) 

14 is amended by striking ‘‘or the United States Marshals 

15 Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the United States Marshals Serv16 ice, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. 

17 Customs and Border Protection, or the United States Se18 cret Service’’. 

19 SEC. 12. CLARIFICATION OF SECRET SERVICE AUTHORITY 

20 TO INVESTIGATE MONEY LAUNDERING. 

21 Section 3056(b)(3) of title 18, United States Code, 

22 is amended— 

23 (1) by inserting ‘‘money laundering, structured 

24 transactions, unlicensed money transmitting,’’ after 

25 ‘‘documents or devices,’’; and 


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1 (2) by striking ‘‘federally insured’’. 

2 SEC. 13. REMITTANCES AND MONEY LAUNDERING THREAT 

3 ANALYSIS. 

4 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 

5 (1) the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com6 mittees’’ means— 

7 (A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

8 Senate; 

9 (B) the Committee on Homeland Security 

10 and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 

11 (C) the Caucus on International Narcotics 

12 Control of the Senate; 

13 (D) the Committee on Banking, Housing, 

14 and Urban Affairs of the Senate; 

15 (E) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

16 House of Representatives; 

17 (F) the Committee on Homeland Security 

18 of the House of Representatives; and 

19 (G) the Committee on Financial Services 

20 of the House of Representatives; 

21 (2) the term ‘‘drug kingpins, crime syndicates, 

22 and other persons’’, with respect to the use of remit23 tances to finance terrorism, narcotics trafficking, 

24 human trafficking, money laundering, and other 


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1 forms of illicit financing, domestically or internation2 ally, means any persons who— 

3 (A) are connected to individuals and orga4 nizations associated with financing terrorism, 

5 narcotics trafficking, human trafficking, money 

6 laundering, and other forms of illicit financing, 

7 domestically or internationally; and 

8 (B) have been designated as— 

9 (i) a significant foreign narcotics traf10 ficker under the Foreign Narcotics King11 pin Designation Act (21 U.S.C. 1901 et 

12 seq.); 

13 (ii) a significant transnational crimi14 nal organization under Executive Order 

15 13581 (76 Fed. Reg. 44757, 84 Fed. Reg. 

16 10255; relating to blocking property of 

17 transnational criminal organizations); or 

18 (iii) a Specially Designated Global 

19 Terrorist under Executive Order 13224 

20 (66 Fed. Reg. 49079, 67 Fed. Reg. 44751, 

21 68 Fed. Reg. 4075, 70 Fed. Reg. 8499; re22 lating to blocking property and prohibiting 

23 transactions with persons who commit, 

24 threaten to commit, or support terrorism); 


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1 (3) the term ‘‘human trafficking’’ has the 

2 meaning given the term ‘‘severe forms of trafficking 

3 in persons’’ in section 103 of the Trafficking Victims 

4 Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102); 

5 (4) the term ‘‘money services business’’ has the 

6 meaning given the term in section 5330 of title 31, 

7 United States Code, as amended by section 

8 6(b)(2)(A); and 

9 (5) the term ‘‘money transmitting service’’ has 

10 the meaning given the term in section 5330 of title 

11 31, United States Code. 

12 (b) ANALYSIS.— 

13 (1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 1 year 

14 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec15 retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the At16 torney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 

17 and the head of any other appropriate Federal law 

18 enforcement agency, shall submit to the appropriate 

19 congressional committees a threat and operational 

20 analysis of the use of remittances by drug kingpins, 

21 crime syndicates, and other persons to finance ter22 rorism, narcotics trafficking, human trafficking, 

23 money laundering, and other forms of illicit financ24 ing, domestically or internationally. 


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1 (2) CONTENTS.—The Secretary of the Treasury 

2 shall include in the threat and operational analysis 

3 required under paragraph (1) the following: 

4 (A) Current and potential threats posed by 

5 individuals and organized groups seeking— 

6 (i) to exploit security vulnerabilities 

7 with respect to remittances and money 

8 transmitting services; or 

9 (ii) to unlawfully use remittances to 

10 finance terrorism, narcotics trafficking, 

11 human trafficking, money laundering, or 

12 other forms of illicit financing, domesti13 cally or internationally. 

14 (B) Methods and pathways used to exploit 

15 security vulnerabilities. 

16 (C) Challenges presented by identity theft 

17 in the use of remittances and money transmit18 ting services. 

19 (D) Improvements needed to enhance co20 operation between and among Federal, State, 

21 and local officials, including State regulators, 

22 State and local prosecutors, and other law en23 forcement officials. 

24 (E) Improvements needed to enhance co25 operation between money services businesses 


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1 and Federal, State, and local officials, including 

2 State regulators, State and local prosecutors, 

3 and other law enforcement officials. 

4 (3) ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS.—In compiling 

5 the threat and operational analysis required under 

6 paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Treasury, in 

7 consultation with the Attorney General, the Sec8 retary of Homeland Security, and the head of any 

9 other appropriate Federal law enforcement agency, 

10 shall consider and examine the personnel needs, 

11 technology needs, and infrastructure needs of Fed12 eral law enforcement agencies. 

13 (c) REMITTANCES STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION

14 PLAN.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 

16 after the date on which the Secretary of the Treas17 ury submits the threat analysis under subsection (b), 

18 and every 5 years thereafter for 10 years, the Sec19 retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the At20 torney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 

21 and the head of any other appropriate Federal law 

22 enforcement agency, shall submit to the appropriate 

23 congressional committees a remittances strategy and 

24 implementation plan. 


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1 (2) CONTENTS.—In preparing the remittances 

2 strategy and implementation plan under paragraph 

3 (1), the Secretary of the Treasury shall consider the 

4 following: 

5 (A) The remittances threat and operational 

6 analysis required under subsection (b), with an 

7 emphasis on efforts to mitigate threats and 

8 challenges identified in the analysis. 

9 (B) Efforts to reduce the use of remit10 tances and money transmitting services by drug 

11 kingpins, crime syndicates, and other persons to 

12 finance terrorism, narcotics trafficking, human 

13 trafficking, money laundering, and other forms 

14 of illicit financing, domestically or internation15 ally. 

16 (C) Efforts to prevent human trafficking 

17 and the unlawful movement of illicit drugs and 

18 other contraband through the use of remit19 tances and money transmitting services, and 

20 standards against which the effectiveness of 

21 those efforts may be determined. 

22 (D) Efforts to focus collection and infor23 mation analysis to disrupt transnational crimi24 nal organizations attempting to exploit security 

25 vulnerabilities, and standards against which the 


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1 effectiveness of those efforts may be deter2 mined. 

3 (E) Personnel, technology, and infrastruc4 ture needs of Federal law enforcement agencies. 

5 (F) Efforts to prevent, detect, investigate, 

6 and mitigate money laundering activities 

7 through remittances and money transmitting 

8 services, and standards against which the effec9 tiveness of those efforts may be determined. 

10 (G) The lawful use of remittances, the role 

11 that remittances play in countries’ economies, 

12 and how any recommended measures would im13 pose additional burdens on remittances in light 

14 of their lawful uses. 

15 SEC. 14. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

16 Nothing in this Act, or any amendment made by this 

17 Act, shall be construed to apply to the authorized law en18 forcement, protective, or intelligence activities of the 

19 United States or of an intelligence agency of the United 

20 States. 

Æ 


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