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                        Roadside Safety Hardware Identification Methods


            
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                Appendix A. Standards for RFID Tags
Appendix A. Standards for RFID Tags

ELECTRONIC PRODUCT CODE STANDARD

The RFID industry has multiple standards and an established class system. The industry also subdivides standards according to interface protocol, data content, conformance, and applications.(1) The Electronic Product Code (EPC) standard specifies longevity and memory requirements Memory requirements include:

96-bit EPC/number.
	32- to 64-bit tag identifier.
	32-bit kill password.
	32-bit access password.
	Manufacturer-dependent user memory as high as 64 KB.(2)The concept of a kill password and access password may be confusing. The protocol does not provide for a mechanism to prevent the reading of a Gen2 tag but has the ability to lock information using an access password and to render a tag inoperable using a kill password. A kill password will either render the tag unreadable or change the state of the tag–for example, changing the state of a retail tag from “inventory” to “purchased.”(3)

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has created multiple standards for tracking cattle, air interface protocols, payment systems, vicinity cards, and performance testing.(1)

The Auto-ID Center developed the EPC and related technologies using UHF RFID. The Auto-ID Center desired a global RFID system based on an open standard due to the inherent need for the ability to track goods from one country to the next. The center developed a numbering system and network infrastructure using ISO air interface protocols but, instead of using the ISO UHF protocol, developed its own due to the complexity of the existing ISO protocol. The Auto-ID protocol, with some procedures now accepted as an ISO standard (Gen2), originally proposed six classes of UHF RFID tags:

**Class 0**–a read-only passive tag with non-programmable memory.
	**Class 1**–a write-once, read-many passive tag.
	**Class 2**–a read-write passive tag with up to 65 KB of read-write memory.
	**Class 3**–a semi-passive tag with up to 65 KB read-write memory; a Class 2 tag with a built-in battery to support increased read range.
	**Class 4**–an active tag that uses a built-in battery to run the microchip's circuitry and to power a transmitter that broadcasts a signal to a reader.
	**Class 5**–an active RFID tag that can communicate with other Class 5 tags and/or other hardware.(1)The industry adopted the EPC Radio Frequency Identity Protocols Generation-2 UHF RFID standard in 2004. This standard specifies the requirements for all classes of Gen2, which are backward compatible with first-generation tag standards. The 2004 standard applies to all tag classes but particularly to Class 2 tags. The EPC standard specifies longevity and memory requirements.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE RFID STANDARD

Known as the DoD-96 Identifier, this U.S. Department of Defense specification provides instruction for a 96-bit identifier format using EPCglobal Gen2 tag standards.(4) It is primarily used for supply chain management.

REFERENCES

Violino, B. A Summary of RFID Standards *RFID Journal,*January 16, 2005 http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?1335 Accessed January 23, 2017.
	Fujitsu Limited Datasheet: World's Largest-Capacity 64KByte FRAM Metal Mount RFID Tag 2014 https://www.fujitsu.com/jp/group/frontech/en/imagesgig5/brochure-ait64k.pdf Accessed January 23, 2017.
	SkyRFID, Inc RFID Gen 2–What Is It?–Smart RFID http://skyrfid.com/RFID_Gen_2_What_is_it.php Accessed January 23, 2017.
	U.S. Department of Defense. *United States Department of Defense* *Suppliers' Passive RFID Information Guide.* Version 15.0, January 2010 https://www.acq.osd.mil/log/LOG/.AIT.html/DoD_Suppliers_Passive_RFID_Info_Guide_v15update.pdf Accessed January 23, 2017.
      
  Book traversal links for Appendix A. Standards for RFID Tags
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                    Appendix B. Cost Matrix of RFID Tags ›
                
                Book:Roadside Safety Hardware Identification Methods
              List of Abbreviations
                Executive Summary
                Chapter 1. Background
                Chapter 2. Safety Hardware ID Practices
                Chapter 3. ID Methods Using Tag Identifiers
                Chapter 4. Selection of ID Methods
                Chapter 5. Evaluation of ID Methods
                Chapter 6. Summary and Conclusions
                References
                Appendix A. Standards for RFID Tags
                Appendix B. Cost Matrix of RFID Tags U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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