Market Analysis

Vehicle Characteristics & Fuel Use Vehicle Characteristics

& Fuel Use

Manufacturer Market Shares

May 1 2009 May

1, 2009
Agenda

1 Executive Summary

2 H Dt T k Heavy Duty Trucks

3 Commercial Trailers Commercial Trailers

APPENDIX Data Sources & Methodolog
Executive Sum

Executive Sum
Executive Summary

 Data confirms that the HDV fleet is extremely dive

High Level Insights

Data confirms that the HDV fleet is extremely dive

 With respect to annual fuel use, most important v

8 TRACTOR pulling a 40-53 ft VAN-type trailer

 Approx 67% of annual fuel use by the entire HD Most important target for HDV fuel efficiency reg

 Lik l th t >50% f STRAIGHT TRUCKS 

Lik

ely th

a

t >50% o

f STRAIGHT TRUCKS are equ

box, flat bed, or stake bed body 

 Used to haul various types of freight 

 “Vocational trucks” (dump trucks, refuse haulers

vehicle haulers, etc.) are <15% of new HDV sal

 CLASS 3 vehicles are 30% of new HDV sales bu

CLASS

3 vehicles are 30% of new HDV sales, bu

10% of annual fuel

 Of these smaller HDVs, most important type is P
Executive Summary

 Manufacturing of the most numerous and importa

High Level Insights

Manufacturing of the most numerous and importa

concentrated to only a few companies 

 Largest Class 8 HDVs dominated by 6, mostly U

truck

” manufacturers

 Smallest HDVs (Class 3 -4) dominated by the “b

manufacturers

 Both “truck” and “auto” manufacturers produce s

numbers of Class 6 HDVs

 Manufacturing of the most numerous types of com

Manufacturing of the most numerous types of com

(VANs) is dominated by only five trailer manufactu

 The concentration of manufacturing may make im

HDV f l ffi i d d i ? HDV

fuel effi

ciency stan

dar

ds easier

?
Executive Summary

 More than half of all in use HDVs are registered t

High Level Insights

More than half of all in

-use HDVs are registered t

trucks or less

 Includes 35% which are registered to owner-op

a single truck

 Limited available data suggests that larger fleets 

percentage of new vehicles, and that smaller fleetpercentage of new vehicles, and that smaller fleet

are more likely to buy used trucks 

 These ownership patterns may make imposition o

efficiency standards more difficult due to the percefficiency standards more difficult due to the perc

that they would impose on small businesses

 Somewhat mitigated by buying habits?
Heavy Duty T

Heavy Duty T
Class 2B Trucks 

Approximately 521 000 Class 2B trucks sold in 19

8,500 – 10,000 lb GVWR

Approximately 521,000 Class 2B trucks sold in 19

 Approximately 6.4% of all Class 1 & 2 trucks so

 Virtually all were pick-ups, SUVs and large vans

 82% were pick-ups Virtually all manufactured by Chevy, Ford, GM,  A i t l 1/3 h d di l i Approxima

t

ely 1/3

h

a

d diesel engines

 Class 2B trucks are generally 1 ton or 3⁄4 ton “Hea

“Super Duty” models

 In most cases very similar to Class 2 models fro

manufacturer

 Ma

y gg have a lar

ger en

gine

 Will likely have heavy-duty springs, suspension

transmission

SOURCE: Davis, S. and Truett, L., Investigation of Class 2b Trucks, O

Laboratory, ORNL/TM-2002/49, March 2002 


Heavy Duty Trucks 

Most Popular Class 8 Tractor Models

#3 #2

#1

Volvo VN Series

Peterbuilt 3

(discontinued in 

#

#6

Freightliner Columbia

#4 Kenworth T660 In

#8

Freightliner Century

Kenworth W900
Heavy Duty Trucks 

Example of Variety of Configurations within a S

Freightliner Columb

21% market share new tractor 

Freightliner Columbia Freightliner Columbia 


Heavy Duty Trucks 

Most Popular Class 3-4 Straight Truck Models

Class 3 Class 4 Class 4

Ford F350 Ford E350 Ford E450 

Chevy 3500 Isuzu NPR Chevy 3500

GMC W Series 

GMC 3500

Che

Chevy G30

Heavy Duty Trucks 

Most Popular Class 6 Straight Truck Models

International Freightliner

#1 #2

4300 4400 FL70 M2-106 GMC

#3 #4

Ford F650 7500 8500 

#10

Sterling Acterra



Heavy Duty Trucks 

Most Popular Class 8 Straight Truck Models

Mack

#2 #1

Kenw

TerraPro Refuse Granite

#3

Freightlin

#4 #15

Sterling Acterra

#7 M2-106 M2-112 

Intl 7400
Summary of Manufacturer Market Shares
HDV Manufacturer Corporate S

 Daimler Trucks NA

 Freightliner

 PACCAR

 Freightliner

 K 

 Freightliner Custom Chassis Sterling Truck



Kenwor

 Peterbil



Volvo

 Western Star

 General Motors

 Ch l t

 Volvo Mack

 Chevrolet GMC

 Navistar International

 International Trucks Workhorse Custom Chassis

 Pare

 S
Corporate Parent HDV Market S

CLASS 6 CLASS

6

-

8

CLASS 3 

Heavy Duty Trucks 

Fleet Size of In-use Trucks 
Heavy Duty Trucks 

Fleet Purchase Behaviour
Heavy Duty Trucks 

Fleet Age Distribution
Heavy Duty Trucks 

Estimated VMT and Fuel Use by Class/Type
Heavy Duty Trucks 

Estimated VMT and Fuel Use by Class/Type
Commercial Tra

Commercial Tra
Commercial Trailers

Trailer Types 

VAN FLAT BED FLAT BED

FLAT BED DROP DECK

REFRIGERATED VAN

CONTAINER CHASSIS LOW BED 
[1] Tanks hauling hazardous chemicals [2] dry bulk (i.e. cement) [3] Wood chi
TOP 5: 74% of total market and 89% of VAN type trailers

Next 5: 10% of total market and 7% of VAN type trailers
Top 10 manufacturers don Top 10 manufacturers don t’ make “specialty specialty” trailers other than FLATB

trailers other than FLATB

Specialty trailer manufacturers typically only make one type of trailerIn each specialty category Top 2 manuf generally have 50%+ market sh
Summary

 Analysis covers all HDVs greater than 10,000 lb G

Heavy Duty Truck Types/Uses

Analysis covers all HDVs greater than 10,000 lb G

– Class 8) registered between 2003 and 2007

 On average 684,000 new HDVs registered each y

 Class 3 trucks, 30% of new registrations Class 8 trucks, 30% of new registrations Cl 4 ass– 7 truck h b 6% d 11% ks, each between 6% and 11%

 The largest subset of newly registered HDVs wer

TRACTORS ( , ), y g ( 

713,000), followed by large (Class 3

trucks (573,000)

 Class 8 tractors represent 22% of new HDV reg

68% of new Class 8 truck registrations 68% of new Class 8 truck registrations
Summary

Of ll STRAIGHT TRUCKS th 50% li

Heavy Duty Truck Types/Uses

 Of all STRAIGHT TRUCKS, more than 50% are li

with some kind of box or flat bed body and are usfreight

 Trucks registered to CONSTRUCTION compan

13% of straight trucks (6% of all HDVs)

 Trucks registered to SANITATION/REFUSE com

Trucks registered to SANITATION/REFUSE com

represent 2% of straight trucks (1% of all HDVs

 Other HDV types with large numbers of new regi

i ld nc u e-

 MOTOR HOME (Class 3 – 8): 262,000 (8% of a

 SCHOOL BUS (most Class 7): 148 000 (4% of 

SCHOOL BUS (most Class 7): 148,000 (4% of 
Summary

Heavy Duty Truck Market Share

 Manufacturing of larger trucks is dominated by a f

Manufacturing of larger trucks is dominated by a f

American, “truck” manufacturers

 Class 8 TRACTOR: Freightliner, International, P

Kenworth Volvo (90% for top 5) Kenworth, Volvo (90% for top 5)

 Class 8 STRAIGHT/VOCATIONAL: Mack, Inter

Sterling, Peterbuilt, Kenworth, Freightliner (88% 

 Manufacturing of smaller trucks (Class 3 and 4) is 

the “Big 3 auto” manufacturers:

 F d Ch l t GMC D d (89%) Ford, Chevrolet, GMC, Dodge (89%) Isuzu, Mitsubishi (10%)

 Class 6 trucks are produced in significant number

Class 6 trucks are produced in significant number

“truck” and “auto” manufacturers
Summary

Heavy Duty Truck Fuel Use

 Class 8 tractors account for approximately 57% 

and 67% of annual fuel used by new Class 3 - 8 

 Other Class 8 trucks & buses account for about 

VMT and fuel

 School Buses 1.9% of fuel

 Transit buses 1.5% of fuel Vocational Trucks 2.8% of fuel Oth St i ht t k Other Straight trucks 6 0% f f l 6.0% of fuel

 Class 3 trucks account for 30% of new HDV sale

of annual VMT and 10% of annual fuel use
Summary

Heavy Duty Truck Fleet Size At the end of 2007 there were 11 6 million HDVs r

At the end of 2007 there were 11.6 million HDVs r

U.S.

 51% of this current in-use fleet are Class 8 truc

 Class 8 TRACTORS represent 21% of all in-use 

of in-use Class 8 trucks

 Owner-operat t k t 35% f th t t l 

tor trucks represent 35% of the total 

only 18% of in-use Class 8 trucks

 61% of all in-use HDVs are in fleets with less than 

 45% of in-use Class 8 trucks are in fleets with les
Summary

 Between 2003 - 2007 1.1 million commercial traile

Commercial Trailer Types/Uses

Between 2003 2007 1.1 million commercial traile

registered in the U.S. (average 215,000/year)

 1.5x as many new trailers as new Class 8 tracto

 Dry VANS and REFRIGERATED VANS together a

68% of new trailer registrations 

 FLATBED a d O C t a e s 

nd FLAT BED DROP DECK trailers 

 CONTAINER CHASSIS = 7% All other “specialty” trailers (DUMP, TANK, GRA

etc.) = 15%

 55% of newly registered trailers are 53 feet long, 

others are shorter (24 – 52 feet)

 75% of newly registered VANS are 53 feet long, a

others are shorter (24 – 52 feet)
Summary

 74% of trailers built by 5 manufacturers

Commercial Trailer Market Share

% o t a e s bu t by 5 a u actu e s

 Great Dane, Wabash National, Utility Trailer Man

Hyundai, and Stoughton Trailers

 Primarily build VAN, REFRIGERATED VAN, CON

CHASSIS and FLAT BED trailers

 89% market share for 89% market share for “box type box type” trailers trailers

 The next 5 largest trailer manufacturers have only 

share

 Primarily build VAN, CONTAINER CHASSIS, FL

FLAT BED DROP DECK trailers
Summary

 Most “specialty” trailers are built by manufactures 

Commercial Trailer Market Share

py y 

in only one or two types of trailer

 Specialty trailer manufacturers do not build VAN 

trailers

 50 different companies have top-10 market sha

type of trailer

 For all types of trailers except FLAT BED and DU

manufacturers have 55% - 99% market share

 Market for FLAT BED and DUMP trailers is more 

 Larger number of manufacturers and more even

market shares

 N f t f DUMP t il h th 

No manufacturer of DUMP trailers has more tha

share
Appendix

Data Sources & Analy gy sis Methodology
Main Data Source

Polk Automotive TIPNETTM Database – Industr

 Database of all heav

y-dut

y g vehicles re

gistered in th

 Can track vehicles currently registered (current fle Can track new registrations in any year (sales)

 Individual vehicles identified by their Vehicle Identifi

(VIN)

 Encodes information such as MODEL YEAR, 

 WE

VEHICLE TYPE, CAB TYPE, MAKE & MODEL

 Database populated by Polk based on “decoding” th

 Includes registering company information Includes registering company information

 Polk assigns a REGISTRATION VOCATION base

business the registering company is in

 A separate database tracks commercial trailers

 New registrations only - can not determine compo

current fleetcurrent fleet
Main Data Source

Limitations of Polk Data

 VIN is 

g yg y enerall

y assi

gned b

y the chassis manufa

 For most trucks does not include the type of vo

installed (freight box, tank, dump, etc)

 REGISTRATION VOCATION can be used to infe

limitations

 Example: man

y g but not all trucks with re

gistrati

SANITATION/REFUSE will be refuse trucks; soservice trucks, freight trucks, etc.

 VIN includes truck MAKE and MODEL but VIN includes truck MAKE and MODEL, but

“MOD

broadly defined by the manufacturer

 Single MODEL may include a range of engine s

 Single MODEL may include a number of cab ty

both day cabs and sleeper cabs for tractors)
Other Data Sources

Estimates of VMT and Fuel Use

 U.S. De

p gy gy y artment of Energy, Energy Efficienc

y & 

Energy, Transportation Energy Data Book, EditioORNL-6981, Tables 5.1, 5.2, 5.4

 U S Department of Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation, National Tran

National Tran

2005; Table 17 and 19

 Nathan & Associates, Motor Coach Industry Cen

A i B A i ti American 

Bus 

Association

 Davis S and Truett L Investigation of Class 2b 

Class 2b Trucks

Davis, S. and Truett, L., Investigation of Class 2b 

Oakridge National Laboratory, ORNL/TM-2002/4

Fleet Purchase Behaviour

Truck Model Data

 U.S. Census Bureau, Vehicle Inventory & Use S

 Truck manufacturer web sites
Analysis Methodology

Polk Automotive TIPNETTM Database – Industr

 Vehicles were se

p g arated into wei

ght classes based 

defined weight class assigned by the manufacturer

 Vehicles were separated by type based on either th

vehicle type assigned by the manufacturer or based vehicle type assigned by the manufacturer, or based 

“registration vocation” assigned by Polk

 Unambiguous VIN-defined vehicle types include: T

(combination truck) Pick (combination truck), Pick

-up Van Step Van Moto

up, Van, Step Van, Moto

Truck, Emergency Vehicle, School Bus, and Bus N(Transit Bus or Coach Bus)

 Oth t i ht t k ( Other s

traight

truc

ks 

(non-t t ) t 

trac

tors

) were separa

t

e

based on vocation registration (i.e. perceived usecategories are approximate only

 Example: the majority of trucks with registration vo

“Sanitation/Refuse” will be refuse haulers, but somtypes of trucks used by sanitation companies 
Analysis Methodology

Estimated VMT and Fuel Use by Class/Type

 For each typ , e of HDV, total annual fleet VMT and F

new trucks were estimated as follows:

 VMT (miles) = # of Trucks x Average Annual Milea

 FUEL (gallons) VMT FUEL (gallons) = VMT

÷ Average Fuel Economy (

Average Fuel Economy (

 For each type of HDV the number of trucks was tak

TIPNETTM database (new registrations last five yea

 For each class/type of HDV average annual mileage 

fuel economy was taken from U.S. Department of Eor from other industry sources. 
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