http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov

FHWA Safety Program

Highway Safety Improvement Program

2014 National Summary Report
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Disclaimer/Quality Assurance 

Notice 

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the 

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regulation. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or 

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objective of the document. 

Quality Assurance Statement 

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high –quality information to serve Government, 

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improvement. 
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Technical Documentation Page

1. Report No.

FHWA-SA-15-048

2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No.

4. Title and Subtitle

HSIP 2014 National Summary Report

5. Report Date

September 2015

6. Performing Organization Code

7. Author(s) 

Sarah Smith 

8. Performing Organization Report No.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

University of North Carolina

Highway Safety Research Center

730 ML King Jr Blvd, CB #3430

Chapel Hill, NC 27599

10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

11. Contract or Grant No.

DTFH61-11-C-00050

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

Office of Safety

1200 New Jersey Ave, SE

Washington, DC 20590

13. Type of Report and Period Covered

Summary Report

2014

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

FHWA

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract

The HSIP 2014 National Summary Report compiles and summarizes aggregate information 

related to the States’ progress in implementing HSIP projects. Progress in implementing HSIP 

projects is described based on the amount of HSIP funds available and the number and general 

listing of projects initiated during the 2014 reporting cycle. The HSIP 2014 National Summary 

Report is not intended to compare states; rather to illustrate how the states are collectively 

implementing the HSIP to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads across the 

nation.

17. Key Words:

Highway Safety Improvement Program, reporting 

guidance, improvement category, Strategic Highway 

Safety Plan, emphasis area, national summary

18. Distribution Statement

No restrictions. 

19. Security Classif. (of this report)

Unclassified

20. Security Classif. (of this page)

Unclassified

21. No. of Pages

32

22. Price

N/A

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72)

Reproduction of form and completed page is authorized
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Table of Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1

Background............................................................................................................................................. 2

HSIP Funding Approach ........................................................................................................................... 2

HSIP Projects Overview............................................................................................................................ 4

Project Cost............................................................................................................................................. 5

Functional Class and Ownership .............................................................................................................. 6

Improvement Categories and Subcategories.......................................................................................... 11

SHSP Emphasis Areas............................................................................................................................. 20

2013-2014 Comparison ......................................................................................................................... 21

Comparison to Previous Years............................................................................................................... 21

Summary............................................................................................................................................... 22

References............................................................................................................................................ 23

Appendix A: Full Description of HSIP Improvement Categories and Sub Categories for 2013 HSIP 

Reporting Guidance............................................................................................................................... 24

Appendix B. Detailed Tables of Project Costs Summaries....................................................................... 30

List of Tables

Table 1. Total number of projects and project cost breakdown, 2013-2014 ........................................... 21

Table 2. Number of projects and average total project cost for various project types, 2013-2014.......... 21

Table 3: Total Number and Cost of Projects by Year............................................................................... 22

Table 4: Number and Cost of 2014 Projects by Improvement Category.................................................. 30

Table 5: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Geometry.................................. 31

Table 6: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Traffic Control ........................... 31

Table 7: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Pedestrians and Bicyclists ............................. 31

Table 8: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Roadway....................................................... 32

Table 9: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Non-Infrastructure........................................ 32

List of Figures

Figure 1: MAP-21 Program Apportionments............................................................................................ 3

Figure 2: Number of Projects by Project Cost........................................................................................... 5

Figure 3. Number of Projects by Functional Class..................................................................................... 6

Figure 4. Average Total Cost of Projects by Functional Class .................................................................... 7

Figure 5. Number and Average Total Cost of Projects by Urban/Rural Designation .................................. 8

Figure 6. Number of Projects by Road Ownership.................................................................................... 9

Figure 7. Average Total Cost of Projects by Road Ownership.................................................................. 10

Figure 8. Number of Projects by Improvement Category (Top 11).......................................................... 11

Figure 9. Number of Projects by Improvement Category (Bottom 11).................................................... 12

Figure 10. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category (top 11)........................................ 13
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Figure 11. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category (bottom 11).................................. 14

Figure 12: Number of Intersection Geometry Projects by Subcategory .................................................. 15

Figure 13: Number of Traffic Control Projects by Subcategory ............................................................... 16

Figure 14: Number of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Projects by Subcategory................................................. 17

Figure 15: Number of Roadway Projects by Subcategory ....................................................................... 18

Figure 16: Number of Non-Infrastructure Projects by Subcategory ........................................................ 19

Figure 17: Number of Projects by SHSP Emphasis Area .......................................................................... 20
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 1

Executive Summary

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose to 

achieve a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. Under the Moving 

Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, Congress authorized approximately $2.4 billion per year for 

States to achieve this goal through the implementation of highway safety improvement projects, which 

is nearly double the amount that was authorized under the previous legislative act. The States not only 

met this challenge, but far exceeded it obligating nearly $3 billion for over 3,200 highway safety 

improvement projects in 2014. 

These highway safety improvement projects come in all shapes and sizes. Some HSIP projects are much 

bigger in scope than others, while other projects include countermeasure installations across multiple 

sites. The 2014 HSIP National Summary Report provides an aggregate summary of the type and cost of 

projects across all States. Highlights of the States’ 2014 HSIP implementation efforts are provided below. 

A majority (roughly two-thirds) of HSIP projects cost less than $500,000 each, with one-third of 

all projects costing less than $100,000. 

About 25% of HSIP projects would be considered high cost, coming in at over $1 million each. 

These projects often include widening shoulders, installing rumble strips, adding auxiliary lanes, 

improving intersection geometry or modifying traffic signals. 

Projects associated with a functional class were most often categorized as rural major collector 

or other urban principal arterial. 

Projects on urban principal arterial interstates had the highest average total cost per project of 

$2.73 million; whereas projects on rural local roads or streets had the lowest average total cost 

per project of $220,000. 

There are fewer urban projects than rural projects but the average total cost per project of the 

urban projects is greater than the average total cost per project of the rural projects.

Sixty percent (60%) of highway safety improvement projects occur on roads owned by the State 

Highway Agency. 

Projects on roads owned by the State Highway Agency had the highest average total cost per 

project of just over $1.0 million, while projects on roads owned by county highway agencies cost 

just under $500,000 on average. 

A majority (70%) of highway safety improvement projects falls into the following categories: 

roadway, intersection traffic control, intersection geometry, roadside and shoulder treatments. 

Interchange design, advanced technology and ITS and shoulder treatment projects have the 

highest average cost per project; whereas roadway signs and traffic control, work zone and 

speed management projects have the lowest average cost per project.

States use HSIP funds to address the predominant infrastructure-related crash types – roadway 

departure, intersection and pedestrian crashes. 

While the number and cost of HSIP projects slightly decreased in 2014 from 2013, the number of HSIP 

projects under MAP-21 (2013-2014) has increased substantially as compared to 2010-2012. Over the 

past six years, States obligated $12.6 billion for more than 15,000 highway safety improvement projects. 
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 2

Background

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the objective to

achieve a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads through the 

implementation of highway safety improvement projects. The HSIP, similar to other Federal-aid 

programs, is a federally-funded, state administered program. The FHWA establishes the HSIP 

requirements via 23 CFR 924, and the States develop and administer a program to best meet their 

needs. 

The HSIP requires a data-driven, strategic approach to improving highway safety on all public roads that 

focuses on performance. To obligate HSIP funds, each State shall:

Develop, implement, and update a State strategic highway safety plan;

Produce a program of projects or strategies to reduce identified safety problems; and

Evaluate the SHSP on a regularly recurring basis.

States are also required to submit a report that describes the progress being made to implement 

highway safety improvement projects and the effectiveness of those improvements. The HSIP MAP-21 

Reporting Guidance outlines the content and schedule for the annual HSIP report. The HSIP report 

should include, at a minimum, a discussion of each State’s:

Program Structure

Progress in Implementing the HSIP projects

Progress in Achieving Safety Performance Targets

Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Improvements (Program Evaluation)

The HSIP 2014 National Summary Report compiles and summarizes aggregate information related to the 

States progress in implementing HSIP projects during the 2014 reporting cycle. Progress in implementing 

HSIP projects is described based on the amount of HSIP funds available and the number and general 

listing of projects obligated as documented in the 2014 HSIP reports. The HSIP 2014 National Summary 

Report is not intended to compare states; rather to illustrate how the states are collectively 

implementing the HSIP to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads across the nation.

A summary of available funding and the number and general listing of projects from prior years is 

available in the HSIP National Summary Baseline Report: 2009 -2012 and HSIP 2013 National Summary 

Report. 

HSIP Funding Approach

Prior to MAP-21, each apportioned program had its own formula for distribution, and the total amount 

of Federal assistance a State received was the sum of the amounts it received for each program. MAP-21 

instead provides a total apportionment for each State and then divides that apportionment amount 

among individual apportioned programs.

MAP-21 authorizes a total combined amount ($37.5 billion in FY13 and $37.8 billion in FY14) in contract 

authority to fund five formula programs (including certain set-asides within the programs described 

below):

National Highway Performance Program (NHPP);
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 3

Surface Transportation Program (STP);

Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP);

Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ); and

Metropolitan Planning Program.

Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of funds across program under MAP-21. 

Figure 1: MAP-21 Program Apportionments

HSIP receives 7% of the States apportionment remaining after allocations to CMAQ and Metropolitan 

Planning, which amounts to approximately $2.4 billion each year, nearly double the amount 

apportioned to HSIP under SAFETEA-LU. The following sums are set-aside from the State's HSIP 

apportionment: 

Railway-highway crossings -- $220 million;

A proportionate share of funds for the State's Transportation Alternatives (TA) program; and

2% for State Planning and Research (SPR). 

In addition, if the High Risk Rural Roads Special rule applies to a State, then in the next fiscal year the 

State must obligate an amount at least equal to 200% of its FY 2009 HRRR set-aside for high risk rural 

roads.

The final HSIP apportionment represents the amount of funding available to States for the advancement 

of highway safety improvement projects.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 4

HSIP Projects Overview

States provide project specific information for all projects obligated with HSIP funds during the reporting 

period in their annual HSIP reports. The reporting period is defined by the State and can be calendar 

year, state fiscal year or federal fiscal year. For 2014, the States obligated $2.96B for 3,214 total 

projects. These obligations utilized funds apportioned during the 2014 fiscal year as well as HSIP funds 

available from previous years’ apportionments.

As per the HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance, project specific information includes: 

Improvement Category and Sub Category (see Appendix A for complete descriptions)

Project output (e.g., miles of rumble strips)

Project cost (both HSIP cost and total cost)

Funding category

Functional classification

AADT

Posted speed limit

Roadway ownership

Relationship to the State's strategic highway safety plan (SHSP) (i.e. emphasis area, strategy)

The following sections present various summaries of the nationwide HSIP project obligations for the 

2014 reporting cycle. It should be noted that limited analysis of the project information can be done 

because not all states have included all of the above information for each project in their annual HSIP 

reports. Full use of the HSIP online reporting tool and compliance with the most recent HSIP reporting 

guidance will enable more complete and accurate reporting of national HSIP project data. In addition, 

HSIP projects come in all shapes and sizes. For example, some HSIP projects may be much bigger in 

scope than others, countermeasure installations across multiple sites, or non-infrastructure projects (i.e. 

transportation safety planning, data improvements). Nonetheless, the summaries in the following 

sections provide a broad scale analysis of HSIP spending in 2014.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 5

Project Cost

The cost per HSIP project in 2014 ranged widely. Some projects were small in scope and cost, such as 

replacing signs on a particular route. Others were higher cost projects, such as widening a highway or 

reconfiguring an intersection. Figure 2 shows the breakdown by project cost, grouped into general 

categories with breakpoints at $100,000, $500,000, and $1,000,000.

Figure 2: Number of Projects by Project Cost

Roughly two-thirds of the projects had costs less than $500K. A small percentage (14 percent) fell into 

the $500K - $1M category. The remaining 23 percent were high cost projects totaling $1M or more. The 

top five sub categories selected for these high cost projects are:

Widen shoulder – paved or other (89 projects ranging from 0.5 to 27 miles treated)

Rumble strips – edge or shoulder (45 projects ranging from 1 to 189 miles treated)

Auxiliary lanes – add left-turn lane (30 projects)

Intersection geometry – other (26 projects)

Modify traffic signal – modernization/replacement (25 projects)

In 2013, the breakdown was similar. Sixty-eight percent of projects had costs less than $500K, 12 

percent fell into the $500K - $1M category, and the remaining 20 percent were more than $1M.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 6

Functional Class and Ownership

Figure 3 through Figure 7 illustrate the distribution of projects by the types of roads on which they were 

conducted. Figure 3 shows number of projects by functional class, following the HPMS classification 

scheme; Figure 4 shows average total cost of projects by functional class; Figure 5 shows the number 

and average total cost of projects by urban/rural designation; Figure 6 shows projects by the agency 

who owns the road; and Figure 7 shows average total cost of projects by the agency who owns the road.

If the functional class or road ownership was not indicated, the project is counted under the “unknown” 

category. Examples of classifications in the “other” category include multiple functional classes, state or 

citywide implementation, or non-infrastructure projects. 

Figure 3. Number of Projects by Functional Class

Most projects were categorized as “Unknown” indicating that the State did not associate a functional 

class for a particular project. Projects that were associated with a functional class were most often 

categorized as “Rural Major Collector” or “Urban Principal Arterial – Other”. There were 415 projects 

categorized as “Other” and of those, roughly 295 were categorized as multiple classes or systemic. 

Roughly another 30 were categorized as “n/a” due to the fact that they were non-infrastructure 

projects.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 7

Figure 4. Average Total Cost of Projects by Functional Class

Figure 4 shows the average total cost of projects by functional class. It is important to note that not 

every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects which had cost

information available. Projects categorized as “Urban Principal Arterial – Interstate” had the highest 

average total cost per project of $2.73 million and projects categorized as “Rural Local Road or Street” 

had the lowest average total cost per project of $220,000.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 8

Figure 5. Number and Average Total Cost of Projects by Urban/Rural Designation

Figure 5 illustrates the number and average total cost of projects by urban/rural designation. There are 

fewer total urban projects than rural projects but the average total cost of the urban projects is greater 

than the average total cost of the rural projects.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 9

Figure 6. Number of Projects by Road Ownership

States implement most projects on roads owned by a “State Highway Agency” or “Unknown” (indicating 

that the State did not indicate road ownership for a particular project). There were 164 projects 

categorized as “Other” and of those, roughly 90 were categorized in state-defined ownership categories. 

No projects were categorized for the following ownerships:

State Park, Forest, or Reservation Agency

Local Park, Forest, or Reservation Agency

Private (Other than Railroad)

Railroad

State Toll Authority

Local Toll Authority

Other Public Instrumentality
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 10

Figure 7. Average Total Cost of Projects by Road Ownership

Figure 7 shows the average total cost of projects by road ownership. It is important to note that not 

every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number of projects which had cost 

information available. Projects categorized as “State Highway Agency” had the highest average total 

cost per project of $1.07 million and projects categorized as “Other State Agency” had the lowest 

average total cost per project of $1,000.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 11

Improvement Categories and Subcategories

Under the HSIP MAP-21 reporting guidance, each project should be assigned a general improvement 

category and a subcategory under that general category. While a single project may consist of multiple 

project types, FHWA directs States to assign each project to only one category. The category chosen 

should align with the primary purpose of the project. Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the distribution of the 

number of projects by general improvement category. Figure 10 and Figure 11 combined show the 

distribution of the total cost of projects by general improvement category. Projects categorized as 

“Unknown” indicate that there was no general improvement category assigned by the State. Figure 12

through Figure 16 show the breakdown of the number of projects by subcategory for five improvement 

categories: Intersection geometry, Intersection traffic control, Pedestrians and bicyclists, Roadway, and 

Non-infrastructure. More detailed tables with the cost spent in each subcategory are available in 

Appendix B. For ease of reporting, similar sub categories were grouped together. For example, in Figure 

12 below, “Auxiliary lanes – other” combines adding acceleration lanes, adding auxiliary through lanes, 

adding two way left turn lanes, and several other related subcategories.

Figure 8. Number of Projects by Improvement Category (Top 11)

Figure 8 shows the number of projects by improvement category (top 11) as classified in the HSIP MAP21 Reporting Guidance. Based on the project information reported by the States, the top five 

improvement categories are roadway, intersection traffic control, intersection geometry, roadside, and 

shoulder treatments. In 2013, the top five improvement categories were the same and the number of 

projects classified in each were similar.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 12

Figure 9. Number of Projects by Improvement Category (Bottom 11)

Figure 9 shows the number of projects by improvement category (bottom 11) as classified in the HSIP

MAP-21 Reporting Guidance. In 2014, there were half as many projects categorized as “Interchange 

design” as in 2013. Also in 2014, there were 14 projects categorized as “Work zone” compared to just 

one project in 2013. The ranking of the remaining project categories was similar in both years.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 13

Figure 10. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category (top 11)

Figure 10 shows the average total cost of projects by improvement category (top 11). Again, it is 

important to note that not every project had an associated cost so the average is based on the number 

of projects with cost available. 
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 14

Figure 11. Average Total Cost of Projects by Improvement Category (bottom 11)

Based on project information reported by the States, the lowest average HSIP cost projects are in the 

following categories: 

Speed management; 3 projects with HSIP cost information

Work zone; 14 projects with HSIP cost information

Roadway signs and traffic control; 185 projects with HSIP cost information

Railroad grade crossings; 13 projects with HSIP cost information

Parking; 2 projects with HSIP cost information
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 15

Figure 12: Number of Intersection Geometry Projects by Subcategory

For the Intersection geometry category, most projects were sub categorized as “Intersection geometrics 

– other/unknown” (136 of 379 projects), “Auxiliary lanes – other” (99 of 379 projects), and “Auxiliary 

lanes – add left-turn lane” (92 of 379 projects). Examples of projects in the “Intersection geometrics –

other/unknown” subcategory include widen/resurface to construct J turns and general intersection 

safety improvement projects. The “Intersection geometrics – other/unknown” subcategory was 

predominately used without any project description, therefore, no other information is available for 

these projects.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 16

Figure 13: Number of Traffic Control Projects by Subcategory

For the Intersection traffic control category, most projects were subcategorized as “Modify traffic 

signal” (219 of 505 projects) which includes signal replacement/modernization, addition of new signals, 

flashing yellow arrow, and vehicle preemption. Examples of projects in the “Intersection traffic control –

other/unknown” sub category include projects described as general intersection safety improvement 

projects. The “Intersection traffic control – other/unknown” subcategory was predominately used 

without any project description, therefore, no other information is available for these projects.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 17

Figure 14: Number of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Projects by Subcategory

For the Pedestrians and bicyclists category, most projects were subcategorized as “Miscellaneous 

pedestrian and bicyclist improvements” (44 of 118 projects) and “Install or modify pedestrian signal” (31 

of 188 projects). Many of the projects in the “Miscellaneous pedestrian and bicyclist improvements” 

subcategory are Safe Routes to School activities.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 18

Figure 15: Number of Roadway Projects by Subcategory

For the Roadway category, most projects were subcategorized as “Rumble strips” (344 of 722 projects) 

and “Roadway – other/unknown” (201 of 722 projects). Examples of projects in the “Roadway –

other/unknown” subcategory were combinations projects such as “repair pavement structure, replace 

guardrail, and pavement markers” and “sight distance-superelevation-shoulder widening”.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 19

Figure 16: Number of Non-Infrastructure Projects by Subcategory

For the Non-infrastructure category, most projects were subcategorized as “Data/traffic records” (38 of 

148 projects), “Transportation safety planning” (34 of 148 projects), and “Non-infrastructure –

other/unknown” (30 of 148 projects). Projects in the “Non-infrastructure – other/unknown” 

subcategory are largely undescribed. A few examples include calibrating state specific Highway Safety 

Manual safety performance functions, development of statewide safety planning tools, and 

development of HSIP/safety operations manuals.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 20

SHSP Emphasis Areas

Based on a review of State SHSPs, FHWA identified the eight SHSP emphasis areas common across most 

States. These emphasis areas are used in the HSIP online reporting tool for categorizing HSIP projects. 

Figure 17 presents the number of HSIP projects categorized by SHSP emphasis area. For consistency and 

national reporting purposes, state-defined SHSP emphasis areas were assigned to these emphasis areas, 

where possible. Please note that States sometimes categorize a single project by several SHSP Emphasis 

Areas. Therefore, for the purpose of Figure 17, a single project may be counted more than once. For 

example, the State recently completed an intersection improvement project that enhanced safety for 

pedestrians. This project could be categorized as “Intersections” as well “Pedestrians” and is therefore 

counted once in each category.

About one-third of the projects were categorized as “Roadway Departure”, one-quarter were 

categorized as “Intersections”, and one-quarter categorized as “Unknown/Other”. Examples of other 

categories used by the States include: “Driver Behavior & Awareness”, “Educational Efforts”, and “NonInfrastructure”.

Figure 17: Number of Projects by SHSP Emphasis Area
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 21

2013-2014 Comparison

Most states prepared their 2013 and 2014 HSIP reports in accordance with the MAP-21 HSIP Reporting 

Guidance; therefore FHWA can make a direct comparison of information related to the 2013 and 2014

highway safety improvement projects. As can be seen in Table 3 below, the total number of projects and 

cost of projects did not change much from 2013 to 2014. The breakdown in project costs for various 

breakpoints was also similar.

Table 1. Total number of projects and project cost breakdown, 2013-2014

Year 2013 Percentage 2014 Percentage

Number of projects 3292 3266

Num. of projects (with cost info.)* 3253 3257

Cost of projects $3.09B $2.99B

Average cost per project $950,840 $921,072

Number of projects <$100K 1176 37% 1018 31%

Number of projects $100K - $499K 985 31% 1037 32%

Number of projects $500K-$1M 401 13% 443 14%

Number of projects $1M+ 631 20% 731 23%

Table 2 shows the comparison between 2013 and 2014 of the number of projects and average total cost 

of projects for various project types highlighted in this report. Overall, number and cost of projects has 

remained roughly the same.

Table 2. Number of projects and average total project cost for various project types, 2013-2014

Project Type Num Projects 

2013

Avg Cost 

2013

Num Projects 

2014

Avg Cost 

2014

Urban projects 826 $1.4M 912 $1.3M

Rural projects 1244 $896K 1325 $686K

Roadway projects 854 $635K 722 $935K

Intersection traffic control projects 420 $667K 505 $677K

Intersection geometry projects 376 $1.2M 379 $972K

Ped/bike projects 103 $528K 118 $485K

Non-infrastructure projects 109 $444K 148 $563K

Comparison to Previous Years

The HSIP National Summary Baseline Report 2009-2012 reported project and cost information for HSIP 

reports submitted by the States for years 2009-2012. The information from the baseline report is 

summarized below with the purpose of comparing basic cost and project information to the 2013 and 

2014 reports. Table 3 below shows that States obligated $12.6B for more than 15,000 projects over the 

six-year period. These obligations include not only HSIP funds apportioned during the reporting period 

(2009-2014), but also HSIP funds available from previous years’ apportionments. 
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 22

Table 3: Total Number and Cost of Projects by Year

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total

Number of 

Projects

1684 2386 2523 2429 3292 3266 15580

Number of 

Projects (with 

cost info.)*

1609 2348 2449 2374 3253 3257 15290

Cost of projects $1.61B $1.46B $1.78B $1.65B $3.09B $2.99B $12.6B

Avg. Cost Per 

Project

$1.00M $620,684 $725,550 $695,721 $950,840 $921,072 $823,593

*Not all states provided cost data for all projects.

Summary

The HSIP is a strategic program that uses data and analysis to target safety resources. This HSIP 2014

National Summary Report shows that in 2014, States directed HSIP funds to address the predominant 

infrastructure -related crash types - roadway departure, intersection and pedestrian crashes. This is 

similar to the 2009-2012 HSIP National Summary Baseline Report and the HSIP 2013 National Summary 

Report. The number and cost of HSIP projects slightly decreased in 2014 from 2013. However, overall, 

the number of HSIP projects has increased from approximately 2,300 projects per year (2010-2012) to 

3,200 projects per year in 2013 and 2014. In addition, HSIP project obligations slightly decreased from 

approximately $3.09B in 2013 to $2.99B in 2014.
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 23

References

FHWA, MAP-21 Apportionment Fact Sheet

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/apportionment.cfm

FHWA, HSIP Apportionment Notices

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/notices/

FHWA, HSIP MAP-21 Fact Sheet

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/hsip.cfm

FHWA, HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance, February 13, 2013

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/guidance/guidehsipreport.cfm

FHWA, HSIP Online Reporting Tool

http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/resources/onrpttool/

FHWA, HSIP National Summary Baseline Report 2009-2012

http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/nsbrpt_2009_2012.cfm

FHWA, HSIP 2013 National Summary Report

http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/nsbrpt2013.cfm

2014 State HSIP Reports

http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/reports/
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 24

Appendix A: Full Description of HSIP Improvement Categories and Sub 

Categories for 2013 HSIP Reporting Guidance

Category Sub-category

Access management Access management - other

Change in access – close or restrict existing access

Change in access – miscellaneous/unspecified

Grassed median - extend existing

Median crossover - close crossover

Median crossover - directional crossover

Median crossover - relocate existing

Median crossover - unspecified

Raised island - install new

Raised island - modify existing

Raised island - remove existing

Raised island – unspecified

Advanced technology and 

ITS

Advanced technology and ITS - other

Congestion detection / traffic monitoring system

Dynamic message signs

Over height vehicle detection

Alignment Alignment - other

Horizontal curve realignment

Horizontal and vertical alignment

Vertical alignment or elevation change

Animal-related Animal related

Interchange design Acceleration / deceleration / merge lane

Convert at-grade intersection to interchange

Extend existing lane on ramp

Improve intersection radius at ramp terminus

Installation of new lane on ramp

Interchange design - other

Ramp closure

Ramp metering

Intersection geometry Auxiliary lanes – add acceleration lane

Auxiliary lanes – add auxiliary through lane

Auxiliary lanes – add left-turn lane

Auxiliary lanes – add right-turn lane

Auxiliary lanes – add right-turn lane (free-flow)

Auxiliary lanes – add slip lane

Auxiliary lanes – add two-way left-turn lane

Auxiliary lanes – extend acceleration/deceleration lane

Auxiliary lanes – extend existing left-turn lane

Auxiliary lanes – extend existing right-turn lane

Auxiliary lanes – miscellaneous/other/unspecified
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 25

Auxiliary lanes – modify acceleration lane

Auxiliary lanes – modify auxiliary through lane

Auxiliary lanes – modify free-flow turn lane

Auxiliary lanes – modify left-turn lane offset

Auxiliary lanes – modify right-turn lane offset

Auxiliary lanes – modify turn lane storage

Auxiliary lanes – modify turn lane taper

Auxiliary lanes – modify two-way left-turn lane

Intersection geometrics – miscellaneous/other/unspecified

Intersection geometrics – modify intersection corner radius

Intersection geometrics – modify skew angle

Intersection geometrics – realignment to align offset cross streets

Intersection geometrics – realignment to increase cross street offset

Intersection geometrics – re-assign existing lane use

Intersection geometry - other

Splitter island – install on one or more approaches

Splitter island – remove from one or more approaches

Splitter island – unspecified

Through lanes – add additional through lane

Intersection traffic control Intersection flashers – add “when flashing” warning sign-mounted

Intersection flashers – add advance emergency vehicle warning signmounted

Intersection flashers – add advance heavy vehicle warning signmounted

Intersection flashers – add advance intersection warning signmounted

Intersection flashers – add miscellaneous/other/unspecified

Intersection flashers – add overhead (actuated)

Intersection flashers – add overhead (continuous)

Intersection flashers – add stop sign-mounted

Intersection flashers – modify existing

Intersection flashers – remove existing

Intersection signing – add basic advance warning

Intersection signing – add enhanced advance warning (double-up 

and/or oversize)

Intersection signing – add enhanced regulatory sign (double-up 

and/or oversize)

Intersection signing – miscellaneous/other/unspecified

Intersection signing – relocate existing regulatory sign

Intersection traffic control - other

Modify control – all-way stop to roundabout

Modify control – modifications to roundabout

Modify control – no control to roundabout

Modify control – no control to two-way stop

Modify control – remove right-turn yield
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 26

Modify control – reverse priority of stop condition

Modify control – traffic signal to roundabout

Modify control – two-way stop to all-way stop

Modify control – two-way stop to roundabout

Modify control – two-way yield to two-way stop

Pavement Markings – add advance signal ahead

Pavement markings – add advance stop ahead

Pavement markings – add dashed edge line along mainline

Pavement markings – add lane use symbols

Pavement markings – add stop line

Pavement markings – add yield line

Pavement markings – miscellaneous/other/unspecified

Pavement markings – refresh existing pavement markings

Modify traffic signal – add additional signal heads

Modify traffic signal – add backplates

Modify traffic signal – add backplates with retroreflective borders

Modify traffic signal – add closed loop system

Modify traffic signal – add emergency vehicle preemption

Modify traffic signal – add flashing yellow arrow

Modify traffic signal – add long vehicle detection

Modify traffic signal – add railroad preemption

Modify traffic signal – add wireless system

Modify traffic signal – miscellaneous/other/unspecified

Modify traffic signal – modernization/replacement

Modify traffic signal – modify signal mounting (spanwire to mast 

arm)

Modify traffic signal – remove existing signal

Modify traffic signal – replace existing indications (incandescent-toLED and/or 8-to-12 inch dia.)

Modify traffic signal timing – left-turn phasing (permissive to 

protected/permissive)

Modify traffic signal timing – left-turn phasing (permissive to 

protected-only)

Modify traffic signal timing – adjust clearance interval (yellow change 

and/or all-red)

Modify traffic signal timing – general retiming

Modify traffic signal timing – signal coordination

Systemic improvements – signal-controlled

Systemic improvements – stop-controlled

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting

Intersection lighting

Lighting - other

Site lighting – horizontal curve 

Site lighting – intersection

Site lighting – interchange
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 27

Site lighting – pedestrian crosswalk

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous

Non-infrastructure Educational efforts

Enforcement

Data/traffic records

Non-infrastructure - other

Outreach

Road safety audits

Training and workforce development

Transportation safety planning

Parking Modify parking

Parking - other

Remove parking

Restrict parking

Truck parking facilities

Pedestrians and bicyclists Crosswalk

Install new "smart" crosswalk

Install new crosswalk

Install sidewalk

Medians and pedestrian refuge areas

Miscellaneous pedestrians and bicyclists

Modify existing crosswalk

Pedestrian beacons

Pedestrian bridge

Pedestrian signal

Pedestrian signal - audible device

Pedestrian signal – Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon

Pedestrian signal - install new at intersection

Pedestrian signal - install new at non-intersection location

Pedestrian signal - modify existing

Pedestrian signal - remove existing

Pedestrian warning signs - add/modify flashers

Pedestrian warning signs – overhead

Railroad grade crossings Grade separation

Model enforcement activity

Protective devices

Railroad grade crossing gates

Railroad grade crossing signing

Railroad grade crossings - other

Surface treatment

Upgrade railroad crossing signal

Widen crossing for additional lane

Roadside Barrier end treatments (crash cushions, terminals)

Barrier transitions
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 28

Barrier - cable

Barrier - concrete

Barrier- metal

Barrier - other

Barrier - removal

Curb or curb and gutter

Drainage improvements

Fencing

Removal of roadside objects (trees, poles, etc.)

Roadside grading

Roadside - other

Roadway Install / remove / modify passing zone

Pavement surface – high friction surface

Pavement surface - miscellaneous

Roadway narrowing (road diet, roadway reconfiguration)

Roadway - other

Roadway - restripe to revise separation between opposing lanes 

and/or shoulder widths 

Roadway widening - add lane(s) along segment

Roadway widening - curve 

Roadway widening - travel lanes

Rumble strips - center

Rumble strips – edge or shoulder

Rumble strips - transverse

Rumble strips – unspecified or other

Superelevation / cross slope

Roadway delineation Improve retroreflectivity

Longitudinal pavement markings - new

Longitudinal pavement markings - remarking

Delineators post-mounted or on barrier 

Raised pavement markers

Roadway delineation - other

Roadway signs and traffic 

control

Curve-related warning signs and flashers

Sign sheeting – upgrade or replacement

Roadway signs and traffic control - other

Roadway signs (including post) – new or updated

Shoulder treatments Widen shoulder – paved or other

Pave existing shoulders

Shoulder grading

Shoulder treatments - other

Speed management Modify speed limit

Radar speed signs

Speed detection system / truck warning

Speed management - other
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 29

Traffic calming feature

Work Zone Work zone
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 30

Appendix B. Detailed Tables of Project Costs Summaries

Table 4: Number and Cost of 2014 Projects by Improvement Category

Improvement Category Number of 

Projects

Total Cost of 

Projects*

Average Total

Cost*

Total HSIP Cost of 

Projects*

Average HSIP

Cost*

Access management 44 $32,141,704.64 $730,493.29 $15,956,142.85 $469,298.32

Advanced technology and ITS 32 $97,248,822.63 $3,039,025.71 $21,541,018.47 $742,793.74

Alignment 59 $60,497,797.52 $1,025,386.40 $40,080,788.75 $703,171.73

Animal-related 3 $4,734,751.00 $1,578,250.33 $3,657,000.00 $1,219,000.00

Interchange design 40 $224,660,024.70 $5,616,500.62 $39,537,728.17 $1,129,649.38

Intersection geometry 379 $368,313,376.72 $971,803.10 $244,373,603.90 $655,157.12

Intersection traffic control 505 $339,054,528.95 $676,755.55 $254,780,379.68 $516,795.90

Lighting 40 $48,448,386.46 $1,211,209.66 $25,203,935.82 $630,098.40

Miscellaneous 74 $52,228,356.64 $705,788.60 $43,862,898.71 $609,206.93

Multiple 2 $2,349,200.00 $1,174,600.00

Non-infrastructure 148 $83,350,652.89 $563,180.09 $74,068,505.79 $510,817.28

Parking 2 $1,017,607.00 $508,803.50 $925,456.00 $462,728.00

Pedestrians and bicyclists 118 $57,247,653.74 $485,149.61 $47,472,978.18 $402,313.37

Railroad grade crossings 13 $5,869,460.99 $451,497.00 $4,952,235.72 $380,941.21

Roadside 303 $231,469,904.15 $763,927.08 $190,975,246.19 $647,373.72

Roadway 722 $672,907,191.64 $934,593.32 $359,546,430.98 $502,862.14

Roadway delineation 160 $117,859,258.55 $736,620.37 $87,687,250.88 $548,045.32

Roadway signs and traffic control 185 $58,007,161.69 $318,720.67 $56,629,838.53 $307,770.86

Shoulder treatments 193 $377,927,662.76 $1,958,174.42 $213,551,495.45 $1,106,484.43

Speed management 3 $208,139.00 $69,379.67 $193,139.00 $64,379.67

Work Zone 14 $3,360,560.30 $240,040.02 $2,928,060.04 $209,147.15

Unknown 227 $161,027,919.77 $709,374.10 $28,641,673.00 $201,701.92

Total 3266 $2,999,930,121.74 $921,071.58 $1,756,565,806.11 $563,001.86

* Not all states provided cost data for all projects in a given improvement category. 
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 31

Table 5: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Geometry

Subcategory Number of Projects Total Cost 

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn lane 92 $98,150,952 

Auxiliary lanes - add right-turn lane 19 $19,872,036 

Auxiliary lanes - other 99 $76,545,136 

Intersection geometrics – modify skew angle 20 $10,303,433 

Intersection geometrics – other/unknown 136 $153,260,723 

Intersection geometrics – realignment to improve offset 13 $10,181,097 

Total 379 $368,313,377 

Table 6: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Intersection Traffic Control

Subcategory Number of Projects Total Cost 

Intersection flashers and signing 65 $9,448,113 

Intersection traffic control - other/unknown 117 $57,210,865 

Modify control to roundabout 70 $95,532,287 

Modify traffic signal 219 $152,114,801 

Modify traffic signal timing or phasing 27 $22,653,219 

Pavement markings 7 $2,095,244 

Total 505 $339,054,529 

Table 7: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Pedestrians and Bicyclists

Subcategory Number of Projects Total Cost 

Install or modify crosswalk 23 $11,820,499 

Install or modify pedestrian signal 31 $13,852,377 

Install sidewalk 20 $9,097,960 

Miscellaneous pedestrian and bicyclist 

improvements

44 $22,476,818 

Total 118 $57,247,654 
HSIP 2014 National Summary Report 32

Table 8: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Roadway

Subcategory Number of Projects Total Cost 

Pavement surface 112 $122,611,934 

Roadway - other/unknown 201 $178,355,380 

Roadway narrowing (road diet, roadway 

reconfiguration)

9 $5,429,806 

Roadway widening 38 $160,398,356 

Rumble strips 344 $200,617,348 

Superelevation / cross slope 18 $5,494,367 

Total 722 $672,907,192 

Table 9: Number and Cost of Projects by Subcategory for Non-Infrastructure

Subcategory Number of Projects Total Cost 

Data/traffic records 38 $8,918,041 

Educational efforts/outreach 21 $12,449,466 

Enforcement 8 $8,855,806 

Non-infrastructure -

other/unknown

30 $15,477,797 

Road safety audits 15 $2,299,779 

Training and workforce 

development

2 $848,098 

Transportation safety planning 34 $34,501,667 

Total 148 $83,350,653 
For More Information:

Visit http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip

FHWA, Office of Safety

Karen Scurry

karen.scurry@dot.gov

609-637-4207

FHWA-SA-14-030