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the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the 

information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, 

or regulation.

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Cover and Banner Image Sources:

Left – Man speaking: Cambridge Systematics.

Middle – Meeting: Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development.

Right – Conference: Nevada Department of Transportation.
Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No.

FHWA-SA-16-097

2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No.

4. Title and Subtitle

SHSP Quick Reference Guide

5. Report Date

July 2016

6. Performing Organization Code

7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

Cambridge Systematics 

100 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 400 

Cambridge, MA 02140

10. Work Unit No.

11. Contract or Grant No.

DTFH61-10-D-00020

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

Federal Highway Administration 

Office of Safety 

1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE

Washington, DC 20590

13. Type of Report and Period Covered

May 2014 to July 2016

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. Supplementary Notes

FHWA: Jennifer Warren, Office of Safety

16. Abstract

The purpose of the quick reference guide is to provide individuals who are managing Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSPs) or 

those who are interested in SHSPs with the basic information needed to get started with the plan and successfully manage the 

process. It provides an overview of the basic elements and requirements of an SHSP, as well as provides helpful resources with 

links to learn more. It also provides an easy reference to the essential things an SHSP program manager should know. The guide 

includes comments from individuals who are managing their State’s SHSP, tips for the basic steps in the plan process, and 

information on noteworthy practices. An online version and PDF version are available.

17. Key Words

Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Highway 

Safety Improvement Program, leadership

18. Distribution Statement

No restrictions. 

19. Security Classif. (of this report)

Unclassified

20. Security Classif. (of this page)

Unclassified

21. No of Pages

34

22. Price

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed pages authorized

i

Table of Contents

Introduction.............................................................................................1

Purpose ............................................................................................. 2

What is the SHSP? ...................................................................................3

Benefits of SHSPs................................................................................ 4

SHSP Requirements .................................................................................5

A Consultative Approach..................................................................... 5

Coordination with Other Transportation Plans....................................... 6

Data-Driven Problem Identification....................................................... 6

Consideration of Additional Safety Factors............................................ 6

A Performance-Based Approach .......................................................... 7

Use of Effective Strategies and Countermeasures................................... 7

Multidisciplinary—Addresses the 4 Es................................................... 7

Special Requirements.......................................................................... 7

SHSP Update ..................................................................................... 8

SHSP Evaluation................................................................................. 8

Approval of SHSP Update ................................................................... 8

The SHSP Process .................................................................................10

Start with the SHSP Fundamentals ...................................................... 10

Step 1—Ensure Adequate Leadership, Collaboration, 

and Communication......................................................................... 10

Step 2—Collect and Analyze Data .................................................... 13

Step 3—Put Your Plan into Action....................................................... 16

Step 4—Integrate the SHSP into Other Transportation and Safety Plans. 20

Step 5—Market Your Plan ................................................................ 21

Step 6—Evaluate Your Plan ............................................................... 22

Connect With Your SHSP Community ................................................. 23

A. Suggested Membership for Executive Committees and Example 

Roles and Responsibilities.....................................................................25

B. Suggested Membership for Steering Committee and Example 

Roles and Responsibilities ....................................................................26

1

Introduction

You are the new program manager for the Strategic Highway Safety Plan 

(SHSP)—now what? You’ve probably already discovered that the SHSP is 

no small task. The SHSP involves a variety of stakeholders from different 

agencies and disciplines all of whom have their own set of expectations 

and concerns; there are a number of tasks to complete; and there are 

connections that need to be made so the process can be successful. This is 

why an SHSP program manager is vital to the success of the SHSP. This 

guide, however, is a useful reference for anyone who is new to the SHSP 

process and can be used for stakeholders, leaders, or anyone interested in 

getting involved. 

This guide is designed to provide you with a quick reference to the basic 

information you need to get started with the SHSP and successfully manage 

the process. It will provide you with an overview of the basic elements and 

requirements of an SHSP, as well as provide you with helpful resources and 

links to learn more. We recommend reviewing the document in order, but if 

you are pressed for time, making sure you understand the requirements is 

crucial.

This on-line guide is designed to be both interactive and intuitive. Please 

use the “control” bar along the left side of the viewing screen to either: 

1) go to the various sections of the guide, or 2) download a PDF version.

To go to any section within the guide, simply move the cursor over the 

SHSP Quick Reference Guide text under the “Go To” section of the control 

bar. A small window will open allowing the user to select the section 

desired. Simply click to open the Section. Within the guide there are links 

to various Web sites and reports where users can go for more information. 

These are opened in a separate window. 

To download the PDF version simply click on the document under the 

“Download” section of the control bar. This will open the PDF version of 

the selected document in a new window. The control bar along the right 

side of the window is available from any page allowing users to easily get 

back to where they started from anywhere.
2

Purpose

The role of the SHSP Program Manager is paramount in creating a process 

that functions effectively and efficiently, and it’s worth it. Over the past 

10 years, there has been a reduction of nearly 25 percent in the number of 

fatalities on the Nation’s roadways. Still, much needs to be done to move our 

Nation towards zero deaths and State SHSPs are charting the course.

The SHSP process is multifaceted, and so are the skills of an SHSP Program 

Manager. You’ll find some days you are a meeting planner and facilitator, and 

other days you are a diplomat and Champion for the SHSP. Some of the 

specific roles and responsibilities for an SHSP Program Manager include 

the following:

• Serve as the point person for all SHSP-related activities, programs, 

and projects;

• Manage meetings for the SHSP, including those involving the Executive 

and Steering Committees;

• Ensure the emphasis area teams are meeting and functioning well;

• Assist SHSP key players (Executive and Steering Committees, emphasis 

area teams) in finding solutions to problems, and help overcome barriers;

• Work to obtain data for the SHSP’s data-driven process; 

• Organize special meetings and events as needed such as Summits 

and Workshops; 

• Spearhead and track implementation efforts; and

• Ensure the SHSP is evaluated and reviewed on a regular basis to ensure it 

is moving in the right direction.

“When Congress required 

States to develop an 

SHSP, they did so because 

the process works. 

Bringing the various 

safety disciplines together 

to work jointly on the most 

serious traffic safety 

problems is making 

a difference.”

Elizabeth Alicandri

Associate Administrator

FHWA Office of Safety
3

What is the SHSP?

The SHSP is a critical part of the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP), 

which is a core Federal-aid program designed to achieve significant reductions 

in traffic fatalities and serious injuries. It requires a data-driven strategic 

approach to improving traffic safety. For more information on the HSIP, click

here. The SHSP has been included in three of the most recent transportation 

bills which provide funding for transportation across the U.S., including the 

Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for 

Users (SAFETEA-LU); the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century 

(MAP-21), and the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, which 

continues the requirement for States to develop, implement, evaluate, and 

update an SHSP “that identifies and analyzes highway safety problems and 

opportunities on all public roads.” 

The SHSP is developed by the 

State transportation department. It is a data-driven, 

statewide coordinated plan that 

provides a comprehensive 

framework for reducing trafficrelated fatalities and serious 

injuries across all modes, and 

on all public roadways. It is 

designed to drive safety investment decisions and be 

coordinated with other safety 

plans, including the Highway 

Safety Improvement Program 

(HSIP), the Highway Safety Plan 

(HSP), and the Commercial 

Vehicle Safety Plan (CVSP). 

States were required to develop SHSPs in 2005. By October 1, 2007 all States 

complied. This means if you currently are involved in your SHSP, it will be either 

during the implementation, update, or evaluation stage, which are described in 

this guide.

The SHSP process is continuous with one element always building on the other 

as the effort moves forward. As States implement their plans, they are gathering information for the evaluation of the plan, and the results from the 

evaluation will guide the update process showing where changes are needed 

in the future.

Source: Cambridge Systematics, Inc.

 Developed

Updated Implemented

 Evaluated

SHSP
4

“The true benefit of the 

plan is getting lots of 

organizations 

collaborating on safety 

goals and investments. 

This has been invaluable. It 

strengthens the individual 

organizations, reduces 

duplication and stretches 

human and financial 

resources farther.”

W. Scott Jones, 

Utah Department 

of Transportation

Benefits of SHSPs

The primary goal of an SHSP is to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all 

public roads. It offers the following benefits:

• Establishes common statewide goals and priorities;

• Strengthens existing partnerships;

• Builds new safety coalitions;

• Promotes data, knowledge, and resource sharing;

• Focus on the State’s most serious traffic safety problems;

• Avoids redundant activities and leverages existing resources, such as

funding, personnel, and leadership;

• Provides a multidisciplinary approach to solving problems;

• Incorporates both behavioral and infrastructure strategies and countermeasures to more effectively reduce highway fatalities and serious injuries

on all public roads.

Involvement in the SHSP means one organization does not carry all of the 

financial or technical burdens alone. It fosters camaraderie and trust, so 

individuals know where to turn with questions, problems, shared strategies, 

and new ideas. The possibilities for sharing resources through SHSP collaborations are endless. For example, high-visibility enforcement combined 

with low-cost safety improvements where appropriate may improve safety 

more than either strategy alone. The collaborative approach brings about 

combinations of countermeasures that more effectively improve safety than 

any single countermeasure. 

You can learn more about the “basics” of SHSPs in the Strategic Highway 

Safety Plan Champion’s Guidebook. This document reviews the basic 

principles and important considerations concerning the development, 

implementation, and evaluation of an SHSP. It’s a helpful resource for 

States that are updating their SHSP, assessing their SHSP development 

process, as well as providing a reference for professionals new to the SHSP, 

safety or planning.
5

SHSP Requirements

The law requiring State SHSPs describes the various elements that must be 

considered. Following is a breakdown of the requirements of the SHSP. 

These are fully described in the SHSP Guidance.

A Consultative Approach

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), which is the Federal agency 

charged to overseeing the SHSP process, recommends key stakeholders be 

consulted early in the process, their input considered prior to any final decisions on the plan, and that they be routinely informed on the progress of the 

SHSP. States agree that improved coordination among diverse safety stakeholders is one of the greatest benefits of the SHSP.

A list of the required multidisciplinary stakeholders includes:

• Governor’s Highway 

Safety Representative; 

• Regional transportation planning 

organization and metropolitan 

planning organizations; 

• Representatives of major modes 

of transportation;

• State and local law enforcement;

• Persons responsible for

administering Railway Highway Crossings Program; 

• Operation Lifesaver;

• Representatives conducting motor carrier safety program; 

• Motor Vehicle Administration representatives;

• Local and Tribal involvement; and

• Other major State and local stakeholders.

SHSP Tip

Stakehold

If there is no existing list 

of stakeholders for your 

SHSP, start with the DOT 

State Safety Engineer’s 

Office and the State 

Highway Safety Office. 

They will have contacts 

for your stakeholders list. 
6

Coordination with Other Transportation Plans

The SHSP provides strategic direction for State plans, such as the HSIP, the HSP, 

and the CVSP. It also provides direction for local and Tribal safety plans. This 

means, for instance, that State, local and Tribal entities should coordinate their 

safety planning efforts with the SHSP and incorporate the goals, emphasis 

areas, and strategies of the SHSP into their plans, as appropriate.

The law also requires other agencies to coordinate their State safety plans with 

the SHSP. Specifically, the State must coordinate its HSP, data collection, and 

information systems with the SHSP. The lead State commercial motor vehicle 

safety agency also must coordinate the plan, data collection, and information 

systems with the State highway safety improvement program. Plans such as the 

Long-Range Statewide Transportation Plan and Metropolitan Transportation 

Plan also should be developed in coordination with the SHSP. Where relevant, 

this coordination should include, at a minimum, high-level goals, objectives, 

and strategies that are consistent with those in the SHSP. 

In turn, the SHSP must consider the results of other State, regional, or local 

transportation and highway safety planning processes and Tribal planning 

processes and outcomes. These processes can inform the SHSP, particularly in 

terms of the roadway safety issues faced in local, regional, and Tribal areas. 

In summary, the SHSP and the relevant transportation plans within a State should 

be developed in a cooperative process and have consistent safety goals and 

objectives that support a performance-based highway safety program.

Data-Driven

Problem Identification

SHSPs must analyze and make effective use 

of State, regional, local, or Tribal safety data. 

States should use the best available safety 

data to identify critical highway safety problems and safety improvement opportunities 

on all public roads, including non-Stateowned public roads and roads on Tribal land.

Consideration of Additional Safety Factors

States also must consider additional safety factors when establishing their emphasis areas and strategies, such as the findings of Road Safety Audits (RSA), locations 

of fatalities and serious injuries, etc. 

Noteworthy Practice— Other Saf

Several Maryland SHSP 

emphasis area teams 

identified road safety audits 

as a way to improve safety, 

which prevented duplication 

and linked the SHSP with the 

State’s RSA program. Click

here for more information.
7

A Performance-Based Approach

SHSPs have been at the forefront of a performance-based approach since they were 

first required in 2005. SHSPs continue to support this approach by adopting performance-based goals, which are now required to be consistent with the safety 

performance measures established by FHWA in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 150 

(these measures include five-year rolling averages for: number and rate of fatalities 

per million VMT; number and rate of serious injuries per million VMT; and number 

of nonmotorized fatalities and serious injuries) and are be coordinated with other 

State highway safety plans. SHSPs also should include multiyear objectives, which 

encourage monitoring of the status and progress of SHSP implementation efforts. 

As part of the performance-based program, States also are required to set 

annual targets for safety performance measures to carry out the HSIP. The 

SHSP goals are not the same as the HSIP targets. However, the SHSP process 

provides an opportunity to establish longer-term goals and objectives, to which 

the annual targets can align. This provides consistency and direction across all 

safety plans and programs.

Use of Effective Strategies and Countermeasures

The SHSP describes a program of strategies to reduce or eliminate safety 

hazards, and high priority should be given to those strategies that can significantly reduce roadway fatalities and serious injuries in the SHSP emphasis areas.

Multidisciplinary—Addresses the 4 Es

The SHSP must address a variety of factors, including the highway safety elements 

of engineering, education, enforcement, and emergency services (the 4 Es). 

This can apply to both infrastructure and noninfrastructure emphasis areas.

Special Requirements

Legislation requires States to address two special rules in their SHSP updates. 

SHSP updates must now:

• Include the definition of “High-Risk Rural Roads.”

• Include strategies to address older driver and pedestrian safety, if there has been

an increase in fatalities and serious injuries to older drivers and pedestrians.

“One of the best things 

about getting involved 

with the SHSP is how 

much I have learned 

about other disciplines. 

When you work in one 

agency, it is not always 

possible to learn about 

what others in safety are 

doing. The multidisciplinary approach has 

given me insight into what 

law enforcement does and 

the many activities and 

programs on the behavioral side of safety. The 

SHSP broadens everyone’s 

knowledge and understanding of the safety issue 

which leads to better 

decision-making overall.”

Gretchen Chavez

California Department 

of Transportation
8

SHSP Update

States must update their SHSPs on a regular 

basis and no later than five years from the date 

of the previous approved version. As part of the 

SHSP update process, States must establish an 

update and evaluation cycle (or schedule).

SHSP Evaluation

At a minimum, States must evaluate their 

SHSPs as part of the States’ regularly recurring 

SHSP update process. Regular evaluation, 

based on current safety data, confirms the 

validity of the emphasis areas and strategies. 

During SHSP development, States should pay 

particular attention to what will be measured 

(i.e., performance measures) and how progress will be determined. States should have in 

place mechanisms for regularly tracking SHSP 

implementation and monitoring progress.

Approval of SHSP Update

The FHWA Division Offices must approve the 

process States use to update their SHSP. They 

do not approve specific content. States must 

submit to their State FHWA Division Administrator its updated SHSP, along with 

a detailed description of the process it used to update the plan. This information should be included as a section or chapter in the SHSP. In reviewing a 

State’s SHSP update process, FHWA Division Offices use an SHSP Process 

Approval Checklist, which also can be found in the list of links below.

Resources and Links for SHSP Program Requi

Click here for guidance on the SHSP provisions. 

Click here for SHSP Q&As. 

For information on the HSIP and Safety Performance Measures ruling, click here. 

For a copy of the FHWA SHSP Process Approval Checklist, click here. 

SHSP Tip— Update Pr

Depending on the 

complexity of the task, it 

can take between six 

months to a year to 

complete an SHSP update.

Noteworthy Pract

Tracking Too

States are using a variety 

of methods to track 

progress on implementing 

the strategies and actions 

in the SHSP. Idaho has 

developed a tracking tool 

that includes a summary 

sheet on the objectives, 

strategies and actions. 

Click here to read more 

about this practice.

“I was involved in my 

State’s SHSP update 

process from the very 

beginning. This helped me 

to become familiar with 

their process and provide 

feedback along the way. It 

also helped me to use the 

SHSP process approval 

checklist to determine 

whether my State’s SHSP 

process was consistent 

with HSIP legislation and 

regulations. Our State’s 

SHSP Program Manager 

also referenced the 

checklist and found it very 

helpful during the SHSP’s 

development. By the time 

the SHSP update was 

drafted we were both 

confident the SHSP had 

wide spread and multidisciplinary support and the 

process met all of the 

applicable requirements.”

Lance Johnson

Safety Engineer

Idaho FHWA Division 
9

Following is a list of useful resources that provide additional information on SHSPs: 

• Champion’s Guide to Saving Lives (Second Edition)—This 

document reviews the basic principles and important considerations 

concerning the development, implementation, and evaluation of a 

Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP). It is intended as a resource for 

States to consult during examination of their SHSP process, as well 

during SHSP updates. Click here to view the report.

• Trainings—The FHWA Office of Safety’s Roadway Safety Professional 

Capacity Building Web page includes courses, seminars, and workshops 

offered by the FHWA Resource Center and the National Highway 

Institute (NHI). There are two NHI courses targeted at the SHSP—SHSP 

Development and SHSP implementation. Click here to access 

this information. 

• Noteworthy Practices—The FHWA Office of Safety has a Web page 

devoted to noteworthy practices, including those that affect SHSPs. Just 

visit the site, type in strategic highway safety plans in the search box and 

information on a variety of noteworthy practices is available. Click here

to visit the site. 

• HSIP/SHSP Peer Exchanges and Reports—The Office of Safety 

conducts peer exchanges around the country as a way to help States talk 

with other States facing similar issues. These peer exchanges often result 

in an event report that details the safety challenges encountered by many 

of their fellow agencies. Click here to view these reports.

• Federal contacts—The three main Federal agencies who are involved in 

the SHSP have a Division or Regional office that is available to offer assistance. Following are the links to the FHWA Division Offices which are 

located in every State, the 10 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 

(NHTSA) Regional Offices, and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 

(FMCSA) Division Offices, which also are located in every State: 

− FHWA Division Offices.

− NHTSA Regional Offices.

− FMCSA Field Offices.

• State contacts—Click here for a list of all State departments of transportation. For a list of the State highway safety offices, visit the Governors 

Highway Association. 

“One of the most effective 

tools to help us improve 

our SHSP process was a 

peer exchange. It was a 

one-on-one exchange 

where I could ask 

questions of my peers in 

real time and get answers. 

Another idea would be to 

invite another State that 

has gone through the 

process to be a job coach 

or mentor. Once you have 

built that relationship, it is 

rewarding and gives you 

the knowledge you need.”

Michael Schwendau 

Kentucky Office of 

Highway Safety
10

The SHSP Process 

Start with the SHSP Fundamentals

Like any good process, the SHSP starts with several fundamentals, such as 

good leadership, collaboration, and effective communication. These 

fundamentals provide the foundation for the update process, but also 

ensure that you create a plan that can be successfully implemented and 

evaluated. These fundamentals are highlighted in the SHSP 

Implementation Process Model (IPM) and are summarized in the steps 

below. Many of these elements already may be in place for your SHSP and 

functioning well. In other cases you may have to make changes if the 

process is not as effective as it could be. The bottom line is an SHSP can 

only work if it has the proper support and is brought to life through action. 

The steps below will help to get you there.

Step 1—Ensure Adequate Leadership,

Collaboration, and Communication

Successful SHSP development and implementation requires leadership, 

collaboration, and communication. In the complex, multidisciplinary world of 

the SHSP, leaders bring together the diverse interests and concerns of engineers, planners, law enforcement officers, education officials, emergency 

medical services personnel, and others. The following are elements that 

contribute to SHSP success:

• Champions—Champions provide enthusiasm and support for the SHSP

and must be credible and accountable, have excellent interpersonal and

organizational skills, and be a skilled expediter. Safety champions help

secure the necessary leadership, resources, visibility, support, and commitment of all partners. Some examples include the Secretary or Director of

the DOT, the head of the State Highway Safety Office, a legislator, or the

Superintendent of the State Police or Highway Patrol.

• Leadership Committee(s)—Some States have both an Executive

Committee and a Steering Committee that lead the SHSP. An Executive

committee provides leadership for SHSP development, implementation,

and evaluation. Steering Committees guides the SHSP process, and

regularly reviews progress and receives updates on SHSP-related programs

and projects. The Appendix includes a list of suggested members for both

committees along with suggested roles and responsibilities. To encourage

“The information that was 

most critical was being 

familiar with the previous 

plan. A lot of effort went 

into it with a large 

number of stakeholders 

who were already 

involved. It was important 

to get to know those 

partners and understand 

it was a statewide, 

collective effort, and not 

just PennDOT. It also was 

important to know the 

history behind the SHSP, 

the original legislative 

requirement, and the 

requirements from the 

most recent transportation bills.”

Jeffrey Roecker 

Pennsylvania Department 

of Transportation
11

leaders to participate in the SHSP, FHWA has developed an SHSP 

Leadership Flyer which details reasons why these officials should 

get involved.

• Effective Organizational Structures—The organization of the SHSP 

follows a fairly simple approach with the Executive Committee leading the 

effort, followed by the Steering Committee, and Emphasis Area teams. 

Some States also have a Data Team or Working Group that functions as a 

support for the overall plan.

• Safety Partners—Legislation provides a list of required stakeholders. 

This is just the minimum who should be involved. States have added other 

public- and private-sector agencies and organizations that meet their 

needs. Following is the required list:

Pennsylvania’s Executiv

The Pennsylvania SHSP is developed under the guidance and direction of a 

Multi-Agency Safety Team (MAST), which includes leadership from various State 

agencies. These agencies signed a memorandum of understanding agreeing to 

support Pennsylvania’s vision, mission and goal and implement the highway 

safety strategies for which they are responsible. In addition, the MAST supports 

the SHSP in a numerous ways, including: approving the SHSP prior to submission to FHWA; oversight of task action teams; preparing summary of 

achievements and successes for the Governor’s Office; and evaluating the 

plan, initiating redirection of priorities, and requesting revisions to the plan.

Roadway Departure Alcohol/Drug Impairment Young Drivers

Intersections Pedestrians/Bicyclists Aging Road Users

Occupant Protection

Executive Leadership

Steering Committee

Data Team

Source: Cambridge Systematics, Inc.

“Most of the people who 

are participating are 

doing it on a volunteer 

basis so it is vital to 

communicate with them. 

It is important they know 

their time and expertise is 

valuable. Keep the 

participants in the loop or 

they drop off. Once a year 

we do a statewide summit, 

and include all of the 

partners, not just the 

decision-makers. It helps 

people realize they are 

gathering for a purpose to 

drive down deaths.”

Lisa Losness 

Idaho Traffic Division/

Office of Highway Safety
12

− The Governor’s highway safety representative;

− Regional and metropolitan transportation planning organizations;

− Representatives from the major transportation modes;

− State and local traffic enforcement officials;

− The Governor’s highway-rail-grade crossing representative;

− Representatives conducting a motor carrier safety program;

− County transportation officials;

− State representatives of nonmotorized users;

− Motor vehicle administration agencies; and

− Other major Federal, State, Tribal, and local safety stakeholders.

• Collaboration and Communication with Your Stakeholders—

Collaboration and communication is essential to getting and keeping a

diverse group of stakeholders active and involved in the SHSP process.

Collaborative problem solving means bringing people together to jointly

develop solutions to difficult problems such as reducing traffic-related

deaths and serious injuries. The FHWA SHSP Stakeholder Involvement

Flyer provides information on the benefits of collaboration.

The SHSP document itself should clearly and concisely describe the State’s 

safety problem and describe a program of priorities and strategies to reduce 

fatalities and serious injuries on all roadways in the State. Format also is 

important and should be discussed among the safety partners and the final 

format should be broadly supported among them. The SHSP Preparation 

section of the Champion’s Guide to Saving Lives provides some 

useful recommendations.

Arizona’s Stakeholder

In Arizona, the SHSP update process included an extensive statewide safety 

stakeholder outreach effort. Two major safety events and task force work 

sessions were conducted. The first major event was the Safety Launch, designed 

to bring together Federal, State, regional, local and Tribal transportation safety 

stakeholders from across Arizona. This was followed by a Safety Summit, in 

which stakeholders participated in three rounds of individual task force work 

sessions between and after the two major safety events. Each task force 

included industry and subject-matter experts and other transportation-safety 

advocates. These task forces worked to establish the SHSP Emphasis Areas and 

develop proposed strategies and action steps to improve safety. The Arizona 

SHSP has more information on the effort.
13

Resources and Links on SHSP Leadership, Collaboration, and Co

• Champion’s Guide to Saving Lives (Second Edition)—This document

reviews the basic principles and important considerations concerning the

development, implementation, and evaluation of a Strategic Highway Safety

Plan (SHSP). It is intended as a resource for States to consult during examination of their SHSP process, as well during SHSP updates.

• SHSP Implementation Process Model (IPM)—The IPM provides the

essential eight elements and steps that will help States successfully implement their plan.

• SHSP Technical Assistance

− FHWA Roadway Safety Peer-to-Peer Program—The Office of Safety

offers free technical assistance on policy, program, and technical 

issues to State and local roadway agencies.

− FHWA Office of Safety—The Office of Safety works to reduce the

number of crashes on U.S. roadways and the severity of crash impacts.

− FHWA Division Offices.

− Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) Development Course—

This course provides details on the steps States should take to develop 

their SHSPs. 

− Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) Overview Course—

This course is intended to provide a basic understanding of the 

purpose of the (HSIP) and relationship of HSIP programs, background 

on data collection and quality measures, and an overview of the HSIP 

processes for planning, implementation, and evaluation.

− Strategic Highway Safety Plan Implementation Course—The Strategic

Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) Implementation Course provides strategies 

and examples of SHSP implementation processes. It draws from the 

SHSP Implementation Process Model (IPM) and other sources to assist 

safety practitioners in managing SHSP implementation.

Step 2—Collect and Analyze Data 

Using data to identify safety problems is fundamental to a successful SHSP. Just 

as development of the SHSP is a data-driven process, an effective implementation process also depends on appropriate use of data. The type of data for 

your SHSP includes:
14

• Crash data;

• Roadway data;

• Traffic data;

• Driver records;

• Vehicle registration;

• Injury surveillance;

• Citation, prosecution, and adjudication; and

• Other data such as demographics from the Census Bureau, data from

insurance companies, etc.

Crash data is generated from reports from law enforcement officers and may be 

managed by the State law enforcement agency, State Highway Safety Office, or the 

Department of Transportation. Roadway data is maintained by the DOT; driver and 

vehicle records by Department of Motor Vehicles; injury surveillance by the Department 

of Health; and citation, prosecution, and adjudication data by the courts.

There are many uses for the data, such as: 

• Description of the safety problem in the State;

• Selection of emphasis areas;

• Identification of strategies and action steps;

• Development of performance measures and measurable objectives for

the plan;

• Identification of needed improvements; and

• Directing limited resources to the highest potential for reducing fatalities

and serious injuries.

Ohio’s Data F

Ohio uses data to inform their SHSP emphasis areas and to educate SHSP 

stakeholders, public officials, and others about the SHSP. Emphasis Area Fact 

Sheets provide some general background information along with specific information on who is involved in the crashes, where and when the crashes occurred, 

and any contributing factors such as speeding, vehicle and crash type, etc. To 

view copies of these safety fact sheets, visit the Ohio SHSP Web page (go to 

Emphasis Area Pages, and click on the Safety Fact Sheet you want to view). 

"We know we have a 

really great document 

because it is 100 percent 

data driven which is 

something we can fall back 

on every time. The data 

showed us what to do. 

The SHSP is a great 

planning document that

points to where we are

going and why we are

going there. It provides

justification for the projects 

we are doing."

Emily G. Thomas 

South Carolina Department 

of Public Safety
15

Resources and Links for D

• Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)—FARS is a Nationwide census 

which provides data on fatal injuries suffered in motor vehicle traffic crashes.

• Traffic Records Coordinating Committee—The DOT Traffic Records 

Coordinating Committee (DOT|TRCC) is a multimodal group with members 

from FHWA, FMCSA, NHTSA, and RITA that works to improve the collection, 

management, and analysis of traffic safety data at the State and Federal level. 

Similar committees exist in each State and are usually managed by the 

Highway Safety Office.

• Applying Safety Data and Analysis to Performance-Based 

Transportation Planning—This guidebook provides State and regional 

planners with information on how to effectively use safety data and analysis tools in performance-based transportation planning and 

programming processes.

• Data Technical Assistance

− Crash Data Improvement Program (CDIP)—The CDIP is intended to 

provide States with a means to measure the quality of the information 

within their crash database. It is can provide States with metrics to 

measure where their crash data stands in terms of its timeliness, the 

accuracy and completeness of the data, the consistency of all 

reporting agencies reporting the information in the same way, the 

ability to integrate crash data with other safety databases and how the 

State makes the crash data accessible to users.

− Roadway Data Improvement Program (RDIP)—The Roadway Safety 

Data Program works to improve safety data and expand capabilities 

for analysis and evaluation by providing tools and resources. A toolbox is available to help agencies find the appropriate tool based on 

their specific needs and capabilities. 

− NHTSA Traffic Records Assessment—NHTSA’s assessments are peer 

evaluations of State traffic records system capabilities. Using the online State 

Traffic Records Assessment Program (STRAP), independent subject matter 

experts from State, local, and other areas examine State responses to a 

uniform set of questions and rate the responses against the ideal set out 

in the Traffic Records Program Assessment Advisory.

• FMCSA Analysis and Information Online (A&I)—A&I is FMCSA’s online 

resource center for analytical data, statistics, recent studies, and reports on 

truck and bus safety.

• National EMS Information (NEMSIS) Web Site—NEMSIS is the national 

EMS database that includes data and information collected throughout the 

EMS system. Information is available on tools that are used, reports, etc. 
16

Step 3—Put Your Plan into Action

Select Emphasi

Each SHSP identifies the areas where they want to focus. These emphasis 

areas should be selected based on an analysis of available data and input 

from safety stakeholders representing the 4 Es of safety. Emphasis areas may 

change during SHSP updates based on the results of ongoing safety data 

analysis. Many States have found a fewer number of emphasis areas (usually 

between four and eight) helps direct efforts and makes the SHSP a more 

“strategic” and effective plan. 

To select emphasis areas, some States start with a list of emphasis areas 

identified in the Towards Zero Deaths: A National Strategy for Highway 

Safety or the American Association of State Transportation Officials 

Strategic Highway Safety Plan and then look at the number of trafficrelated fatalities and serious injuries and select those areas with the 

greatest number as shown in the figure.

Other factors also can be used to select emphasis areas such as:

• Policy considerations such as a focus on nonmotorized transportation; and

• Areas that are showing increases above and beyond any increases in 

overall fatalities and serious injuries. 

Source: Arizona 2014 Strategic Highway Safety Plan.

Percent of Total Fatalities and Serious Injuries By Crash Characteristic 

0% 20% 40% 60%

Work Zone Related

Animal Involved

Weather Related

Heavy-Vehicle Involved

Bicyclist Involved

Pedestrian Involved

Older-Driver Involved (65+)

Young-Driver Involved (13-24)

Intersection Related

Lane-/Roadway-Departure Related

Distracted Driver Involved

Motorcycle Involved

Unrestrained/Unprotected Occupant

Impaired Driver Involved

Speeding Involved

Serious Injuries

Fatalities

TOP 

FOCUS 

EMPHASIS 

AREAS

Percent of Total Fatalities and Serious Injuries By Crash Characteristic
17

Determine Fatality and S

Injury Measurable Obje

Most States include in their SHSP measurable 

objectives for the statewide fatalities and 

serious injuries. We use the term objectives 

because that indicates the specific, measurable progress the State wants to achieve. 

Goals are broad, general statements that 

relate to the overall mission.

SHSP measurable objectives are not the 

same thing as the annual safety targets 

required for the HSIP and the HSP since the 

SHSP is a five-year plan. States, however, can 

use the SHSP process as a starting point for 

aligning the method used for establishing all 

objectives and targets. Since annual targets 

are updated more frequently than the multiyear SHSP objectives—and should take into 

account the impact of planned programs and 

projects—annual HSP and HSIP targets may 

deviate from the multiyear SHSP objectives. 

Once the method is agreed upon (by the 

State Department of Transportation, State 

Highway Safety Office, and other SHSP 

stakeholders involved in developing annual 

targets, e.g., Metropolitan Planning 

Organizations), States can develop the 

fatality and serious injury objectives for the 

multiyear period of the SHSP. 

Learn more in the SHSP Guidance in the 

section “A Performance-Based Approach.” 

States also may choose to set measurable 

objectives for each emphasis area. Setting 

these objectives can:

• Follow the same process that was used to 

set the overall fatality and serious injury objectives; or 

• States can calculate what percentage of the overall fatality and serious 

injury each emphasis area represents and calculate the 

reductions accordingly.

SHSP Tip— Setting Obj

Here are some suggestions 

for setting achievable and 

measurable fatality and 

serious injury objectives:

• Use five-year rolling 

averages to even out 

the ups and downs in 

the numbers.

• Show stakeholders 

several options for the 

amount of reduction, for 

instance the percentage 

reduction if the goal is 

the AASHTO goal to 

halve fatalities by half by 

2030, or the percentage reduction being 

used by the Highway 

Safety Office in their 

HSP. What works best 

for your SHSP?

• Make sure the objectives are SMART:

S – Specific; 

M – Measurable; 

A – Achievable; 

R – Realistic; and 

T – Time Bound.
18

Resources and Links for Identify

Measurable Objec

• Safety Target Setting Final Report—This document reviews the role of transportation safety target setting in a performance management framework, 

summarizes the state of the practice in safety target setting, and presents a 

framework for developing or updating transportation safety targets. 

• A Compendium of State and Regional Safety Target Setting Practices—

This report documents State and regional safety targets, methods, data 

used, and target consistency. It contains a fact sheet on each State’s and 

region’s target setting practices. 

• Safety Target Setting Peer Exchange—This report documents a peer 

exchange held in February 2013 with 10 transportation agencies to 

discuss safety target setting methods. 

• Target Setting Literature Review—This document is a literature review of the 

role of target setting in a performance management framework and provides 

examples of national safety target setting.

• Urbanized and Nonurbanized Safety Target Setting: Final Report—This 

report reviews the role of transportation safety target setting in a performance management framework, summarizing the state of the practice in 

safety target setting and presents a framework for developing urbanized 

and nonurbanized safety targets.

• A Primer on Safety Performance Measures for the Transportation 

Planning Process—This Primer is a tool to help State and local practitioners, 

transportation planners, and decision makers identify, select, and use 

safety performance measures as a part of the transportation planning process.

Select the Strategies and Actions that will 

your SHSP Goals and Obje

Strategies detail how the State will achieve each objective. If the objective is to 

reduce lane departures by 10 percent over the next five years, then what will 

the State need to do to achieve that reduction? One strategy could be to 

identify the most hazardous lane-departure locations in the State and reduce 

lane-departure crashes at those locations while another strategy could be to 

install rumble strips on principal arterials.

• The actions then detail what steps need to be taken to implement that 

strategy, i.e., obtain base line data, conduct road safety audits, conduct 

high-visibility enforcement campaigns, etc. Each action should include an 

action plan that provides more detail such as what agency or organization 

will take the lead on ensuring the action is implemented, what resources 
19

are needed (staff, equipment), what is the timeline and budget, and what 

is the scope (statewide or a local/regional pilot). Action plans turn SHSP 

concepts and ideas into a reality that saves lives and prevents injuries. 

For more information, go to the Develop Emphasis Area Action Plans section 

of the SHSP Implementation Process Model.

Resources and Links for Strategy Sel

• FHWA Office of Safety Proven Safety Countermeasures—The FHWA 

Office of Safety compiled this list of nine proven countermeasures to 

address crashes that occur in the focus areas of intersections, pedestrians, 

and roadway departure. 

• NHTSA Countermeasures That Work—This publication is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSO) in selecting effective, 

evidence-based countermeasures for nine traffic safety problem areas: 

Alcohol- and Drug-Impaired Driving; Seat Belts and Child Restraints; 

Speeding and Speed Management; Distracted and Drowsy Driving; 

Motorcycle Safety; Young Drivers; Older Drivers; Pedestrians; and Bicycles.

• Motor Vehicle Prioritizing Interventions and Cost Calculator for States 

(MV PICCS)—CDC offers a new interactive calculator, called the Motor 

Vehicle PICCS (Prioritizing Interventions and Cost Calculator for States), 

pronounced “picks.” This tool will help State decision makers prioritize 

and select from a suite of 12 effective motor vehicle injury prevention 

interventions. MV PICCS is designed to calculate the expected number of 

injuries prevented and lives saved at the State level and the costs of 

implementation, while taking into account available resources. 

Vermont’s SHSP Supplement Deta

Vermont has developed an SHSP Supplement, which acts as the work plan for the 

SHSP and outlines the framework that the Vermont Highway Safety Alliance (VHSA) 

and its safety partners will utilize to advance Vermont’s safety initiatives. The 

Supplement includes action plans with a description of the actions for each individual 

strategy, along with the action plan champion, potential partners to assist in the 

implementation of the plan, and the targeted goal. The VHSA, its Focus Groups, and 

other safety partners have worked diligently to create aggressive but achievable action 

plans to forward Vermont’s agenda on road safety and reduce major crashes. The 

action plans are developed in a collaborative process and reach across all disciplines 

of roadway safety (Education, Enforcement, Engineering, and Emergency Services).
20

• NCHRP 500 Series: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO 

Strategic Highway Safety Plan Transportation Research—The National 

Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) has developed a series 

of guides to assist State and local agencies in reducing injuries and 

fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas 

outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide 

includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the 

strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process.

• NCHRP 622: Effectiveness of Behavioral Highway Safety 

Countermeasures—The purpose of this report is to develop a roadmap for 

States, and a best practices guide for the use and assessment of behavioral 

countermeasures. All countermeasures that are used or could be used are 

considered and the cost and/or effectiveness is indicated when available. 

• Toward Zero Deaths (TZD): A National Strategy on Highway Safety—

Toward Zero Deaths is the United States’ highway safety vision and is presented 

as the only acceptable target for the Nation, families, and individuals. The 

Web site includes information on the TZD Communication Plan, how to 

become a participant, and a video on how everyone’s efforts are helping. 

• FHWA Crash Modification Factors Clearinghouse—The Crash 

Modification Factor (CMF) Clearinghouse offers transportation professionals 

a central, Web-based repository of CMFs, as well as additional information 

and resources related to CMFs. 

Step 4—Integrate the SHSP into Other Transportation and Safety Plans

Effective SHSP implementation leverages the 

resources of other transportation planning 

and programming activities. The SHSP can 

be integrated into existing transportation 

and safety planning processes, such as HSIP, 

HSP, Long-Range Transportation Plans (LRTP), 

Commercial Vehicle Safety Plans (CVSP), and 

Statewide Transportation Improvement 

Programs (S/TIP). This integration is important for improving overall safety coordination 

and linkages among the State, regional, 

local, and Tribal agencies and lead to a 

more comprehensive approach to transportation safety planning. It also ensures all 

agencies understand the key safety priorities. 

Noteworthy Practice— Plan I

Delaware integrates its SHSP 

with other State plans and 

programs by forming a 

committee of coordinating 

agencies; aligning goals and 

strategies; identification of 

roles and responsibilities for 

leading 4 Es strategies; and 

strengthened partnerships. 

Click here for more information on Delaware’s process.
21

• Find your State’s Highway Safety Plan (HSP)—The HSP is the document 

that is developed annually by the State Highway Safety Office and details 

what programs and activities the State will be conducting in the coming 

fiscal year. A companion Year End Report provides information on how 

well the State met the goals and objectives in the HSP. 

• Access your State’s HSIP Annual Report, which describes the progress 

being made to implement highway safety improvement projects; assesses 

the effectiveness of those improvements; and describes the extent to which 

the improvements have contributed to reducing fatalities and serious 

injuries on all public roads.

• Learn more about the Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP)

and State Commercial Vehicle Plans (CVSP). MCSAP is designed to help 

commercial vehicle carriers and drivers improve their safety performance, and 

CVSPs outline what strategies and actions will be taken to reach that goal. 

Step 5—Market Your Plan 

Marketing is the process for creating, communicating, delivering, and 

exchanging information about your SHSP to the public, to safety stakeholders, 

and to elected officials. Marketing benefits SHSP implementation efforts in 

several ways: it increases awareness of the SHSP goal to reduce traffic-related 

fatalities and serious injuries; educates key political leaders on their role in 

saving lives; and helps address those SHSP elements that require behavior 

change. Marketing the SHSP can involve the creation of a separate SHSP Web 

site, an SHSP Web page on the State’s DOT Web site, a link to a TZD type of 

Web site, a Facebook page, newsletters, electronic bulletins, tweets, etc. Learn 

more about marketing your SHSP.

Louisiana Marketing and 

Louisiana uses a variety of methods to market their SHSP. The have a Destination 

Zero Deaths (DZD) Web site which features the SHSP and all plan related 

activities, a Destination Zero Deaths Facebook page, a Twitter account, and they 

publish a quarterly newsletter that is delivered to all SHSP stakeholders. The State 

also has formed a Communications Coordinating Council that involves representatives from the SHSP Steering Committee, the nine regional safety coalitions, and 

experts at marketing and public relations from various State and local agencies. 

The group meets quarterly and has developed a Communications Plan to help 

market the SHSP and assist in implementing SHSP strategies and actions that 

focus on marketing. For more information, visit the DZD Web site.
22

Step 6—Evaluate Your Plan

Today all States are implementing SHSPs, and 

some are asking questions about SHSP 

effectiveness, e.g., which elements work well 

and which do not meet expectations. An 

organized approach to evaluation helps 

answer some basic questions such as:

• Are we doing things right, i.e., did we do 

what we said we were going to do? 

• Are we doing the right things, i.e., are we 

making a difference? 

• How can we improve?

In addition, regularly recurring evaluation is a requirement of the HSIP to 

ensure the accuracy of data and proposed strategies. This is because safety 

improvements depend on a program of data-driven priorities and proven 

effective strategies. Evaluation helps States achieve such a program by analyzing SHSP process and performance and determining whether current activities 

deserve enhancement, revision, or replacement.

Evaluation is intended to take the place of 

trial and error, guesswork based on anecdotal evidence, and intuition. Evaluation 

helps States assess the progress of their SHSP 

and identify opportunities for improvement. 

The results can help strengthen the SHSP 

process and performance and in so doing 

improve the State’s transportation safety. 

Elements of SHSP evaluation already are in 

place in many States; however, additional 

benefits can be realized by organizing and 

institutionalizing these elements into a comprehensive program evaluation, as outlined 

in the SHSP Evaluation Process Model (EPM). Program evaluation looks at the 

overall SHSP. It can identify where SHSP and emphasis area goals are met or 

unmet and point toward likely strengths or shortcomings, i.e., the failure to 

implement certain strategies or the identification of strategies not having the 

expected effect. The EPM can help States address the evaluation requirement 

as well. Learn more about conducting an SHSP evaluation in the SHSP EPM. 

SHSP Tip—Typic

Evaluation

• Fatalities; 

• Serious injuries; 

• Behavior changes; and 

• Knowledge gains.

Noteworthy Pract

Evaluatio

The Nevada SHSP compiles 

their SHSP evaluation results 

into an Annual Report, which 

shows progress for their 

performance measures and 

supporting data. Click here

for more information.
23

Resources and Links for SHSP Eval

SHSP Evaluation Process Model (EPM)—The EPM assists States with conducting a 

program evaluation of their SHSP. Program evaluation looks at the overall SHSP 

process, helping States assess how they develop, manage, and implement their SHSP. 

It also examines the SHSP’s performance and identifies if goals and objectives are 

being met. The EPM will help States answer basic questions of program evaluation, 

such as: What are we trying to do? How well are we doing it? How can we improve?

Traffic Safety Performance Measures for States and Federal Agencies—This 

publication contains a minimum set of performance measures to be used by 

State and Federal agencies in the development and implementation of behavioral highway safety plans and programs. 

The Art of Appropriate Evaluation—This guide describes the benefits of 

evaluation of provides an overview of the steps involved. 

Connect With Your SHSP Community

You have been given a lot of information, resources, and links to more information. If you visit the SHSP Community of Practice, you will find it all there too! 

You also can visit FHWA’s SHSP Web page. Make sure to bookmark these sites.

The SHSP Community of 

Practice (COP) is an online 

community for SHSP practitioners and stakeholders who 

represent the 4 Es of safety 

(engineering, enforcement, 

education, and emergency 

services/response). Here you 

will have the opportunity to 

learn about the latest SHSP 

resources, noteworthy practices, 

and events as well as interact 

with peers on SHSP-related 

issues through the Safety Talk 

discussion Forum.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation 

Federal Highway Administration.

SHSP Tip— Join Safety 

Safety Talk is an online SHSP 

discussion forum dedicated to 

sharing strategies and 

approaches for updating, 

implementing, and evaluating 

SHSPs. Safety Talk membership is by invitation. If you’re 

not already registered, 

contact Jennifer Warren 

and ask to be a member!

Jennifer.Warren@dot.gov

(202) 366-2157
24

Appendix

A. Suggested Membership for Executive Committees and Example Roles 

and Responsibilities

B. Suggested Membership for Steering Committee and Example Roles 

and Responsibilities

Image courtesy of Monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Thinkstock.
25

A. Suggested Membership 

for Executive Committees 

and Example Roles 

and Responsibilities

Members

• Secretary/Director 

− Department of Transportation

− Department of Public Safety 

− Department of Health 

− Department of Motor Vehicles 

− Emergency Medical Services Authority

• Commissioner/Superintendent State Police 

• Chair, State Police Chiefs Association 

• Federal Agency Representatives (FHWA, NHTSA, FMCSA)

Roles and Responsibilities

• Establish SHSP policies and procedures, review progress, provide advice 

and guidance, address challenges, and remove barriers; 

• Provide support and assistance to specific SHSP strategies;

• Encourage collaboration among the agencies and stakeholders; 

• Align agency with the SHSP’s goals and objectives; 

• Recommend and designate safety professionals for the Steering 

Committee and Emphasis Area Teams;

• Communicate information about the SHSP within agencies and in public 

forums; and 

• Share progress on safety initiatives.
26

B. Suggested Membership 

for Steering Committee 

and Example Roles 

and Responsibilities 

Members

• Department of Transportation

• Department of Public Safety 

• Department of Health 

• Department of Education 

• Department of the Judiciary 

• Department of Motor Vehicles 

• Highway Safety Office 

• State Police 

• State Police Chiefs Association 

• Alcoholic Beverage Control 

• Emergency Medical Services 

• Municipal League 

• County Engineers Association 

• State Trucking Association 

• Metropolitan and Regional Planning Organizations 

• Pedestrian/Bicycle Coordinator 

• Railway Highway Crossing Representative 

• Tribal Representatives 

• Federal Agencies (FHWA, NHTSA, FMCSA) 
27

Roles and Responsibilities 

• Provide assistance, when appropriate to overcome barriers or 

solve problems;

• Identify problems or barriers and report to the Executive Committee;

• Make recommendations for decisions needed by the Executive Committee;

• Discuss action step implementation progress and coordinate next steps;

• Suggest new actions or modify existing actions as needed;

• Continually track and report progress;

• Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies and actions to ensure they are 

contributing to decreases in fatalities and serious injuries;

• Receive updates on SHSP-related campaigns, trainings, or other programs; and

• Provide guidance on future programs, activities, etc.

Image Courtesy of SirikulT/iStock/Thinkstock.