Virginia

Highway Safety Improvement Program

2016 Annual Report

Prepared by: VA
ii

Disclaimer

Protection of Data from Discovery & Admission into Evidence

23 U.S.C. 148(h)(4) states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, 

lists, or data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section [HSIP], shall not be 

subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered 

for other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or 

addressed in the reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or other data.” 

23 U.S.C. 409 states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, 

or data compiled or collected for the purpose of identifying, evaluating, or planning the safety 

enhancement of potential accident sites, hazardous roadway conditions, or railway-highway 

crossings, pursuant to sections 130, 144, and 148 of this title or for the purpose of developing any 

highway safety construction improvement project which may be implemented utilizing Federal-aid 

highway funds shall not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State 

court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for damages arising from any 

occurrence at a location mentioned or addressed in such reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data.”
iii

Table of Contents

Disclaimer...................................................................................................................................................... ii

Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2

Program Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 2

Program Administration ........................................................................................................................... 3

Program Methodology.............................................................................................................................. 5

Progress in Implementing Projects............................................................................................................. 10

Funds Programmed............................................................................................................................. 10

General Listing of Projects.................................................................................................................. 13

Overview of General Safety Trends........................................................................................................ 22

Application of Special Rules.................................................................................................................... 37

Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Improvements (Program Evaluation) ..........................................38

SHSP Emphasis Areas.............................................................................................................................. 41

Groups of similar project types............................................................................................................... 45

Systemic Treatments............................................................................................................................... 46

Project Evaluation....................................................................................................................................... 49

Glossary....................................................................................................................................................... 74
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

1

Executive Summary

This Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 annual report to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 

describes the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT)'s strategic use of MAP-21 funding 

of the Commonwealth's Highway Safety Improvement Programs (HSIP) for the period July 2015 

to June 2016.

MAP-21 continued the HSIP as a core program under Sections 148 and 130 of US Code Title 

23. Under Section 154, surface transportation program and national highway performance 

program funds are transferred to be used for HSIP eligible proposals because Virginia does not 

have all the required components in its Open Container legislation. As a result, VDOT's HSIP is 

composed of the following sub-programs utilizing the above mentioned federal funding sources 

(23 USC Sections):

A) Highway Safety Projects (HSP): Section 148

B) Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety Projects (BPSP): Section 148

C) Penalty Transfer-Open Container (OC) Projects: Section 154

A link to the HSIP guidelines, safety proposal submission documentation, and resource 

information is provided on-line at http://www.virginiadot.org/business/ted_app_pro.asp

Virginia's Strategic Highway Safety Plan

Virginia is currently updating its SHSP. In 2013, VDOT completed a multi-agency and 

disciplinary update of the Commonwealth's Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP). In 2013, 

FHWA's Virginia Division approved Virginia's SHSP. VDOT continues to coordinate with its 

safety partners and implement the SHSP engineering strategies to drive investment decisions to 

improve safety and reduce deaths and injuries for this FY2016 reporting period.

Many safety partners are working towards reducing the number and severity of vehicle crashes 

on the Commonwealth's highways. Virginia's HSIP is structured to focus on infrastructure 

safety emphasis areas that may be improved with low cost minimal environmental impact (no 

right of way) engineering countermeasures, namely:

A) Intersection geometry and traffic control

B) Roadway and roadside improvements
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

2

C) Bicycle and pedestrian risk reductions

New FY2017 Projects

The Commonwealth of Virginia is committed to developing and maintaining a safe, multimodal 

transportation system. The VDOT district offices spending targets are based on level FHWA 

funding in future years. Districts considered systemic, corridor and intersection improvements 

for all users on priority routes and intersections identified in the crash data. Districts submitted 

safety proposals and these proposals included high crash locations, long roadway segments, 

and systemic highway and pedestrian risk locations. New HSIP project planning and 

development processes for HSIP program have been developed in consultation with FHWA 

given the MAP-21 and FAST ACT guidelines, final ruling (policy) and funding provided. As such, 

adding new safety projects to Virginia's Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP) and Statewide 

Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP) will only be considered if Virginia's Highway Safety 

Improvement Program Implementation Guidelines and requirements of the Freedom of 

Information Act (FOIA) are followed.

Introduction

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program 

with the purpose of achieving a significant reduction in fatalities and serious 

injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 924.15, States are 

required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP 

implementation and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent 

with the HSIP MAP-21 Reporting Guidance dated February 13, 2013 and consists 

of four sections: program structure, progress in implementing HSIP projects, 

progress in achieving safety performance targets, and assessment of the 

effectiveness of the improvements. 

Program Structure
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

3

Program Administration

How are Highway Safety Improvement Program funds allocated in a State? 

District

If District, how are the HSIP funds allocated?

Formula

Describe how local roads are addressed as part of Highway Safety Improvement Program.

Local roads safety proposals when submitted are required to follow the same prioritization 

method as VDOT proposals. The proposed project must fit into the localities strategic safety 

plan. It should be data driven as well as have the support of the local governing body. Localities 

submit their proposals through the local VDOT District Office for inclusion in the district submittal 

for review. The locality maintains its own data system with regards to crash history and local 

support for the proposal. Local roads account for 40 percent of all crashes and 20 percent of all 

fatal and serious injury crashes on Virginia’s highways. However, local safety projects have 

received up to 30 percent of Virginia’s HSIP funds for implementation and completion of their 

safety projects. VDOT has been providing the state match to these safety projects for the past 

several years.

Identify which internal partners are involved with Highway Safety Improvement Program planning. 

Design

Planning

Maintenance

Operations

Briefly describe coordination with internal partners. 

VDOT provides statewide data analysis to develop the Potential for Safety Improvements (PSI) locations 

for all state routes. This information is provided to the Districts and local agencies through avenues such 

as webinars and the Virginiadot.org website Safety Portal.

The HSIP are programmed through the Six-Year Improvement Program. Projects were programmed with 

the appropriate FY allocations needed for a specific phase to be delivered.
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

4

Central Office Traffic Engineering HSIP staff shared information with each District regarding MAP-21 

requirements, the SHSP Emphasis Areas, and all related safety data. Each district is provided target 

spending that is align with fatality and serious injuries. As part of this outreach program, HSIP staff 

presented the target of allocating ten percent to bike and pedestrian safety projects. At least ninety 

percent of HSIP Section 148 of the previously unallocated future funds would be programmed on 

existing and new highway safety projects.

Identify which external partners are involved with Highway Safety Improvement Program planning. 

Metropolitan Planning Organizations

Other-District/Design/Pe and Planning Staff

Identify any program administration practices used to implement the HSIP that have changed since 

the last reporting period.

Other-Application submittal through SMARTSCALE Portal

Describe any other aspects of Highway Safety Improvement Program Administration on which you 

would like to elaborate.

Virginia has developed state specific Safety Performance Functions to facilitate the network screening 

process. This functionality ensures that VDOT's HSIP project selection process is data driven and is focus 

on systemic type countermeasures.

Virginia launched its new on-line application process tool. For the first time all grant applicants (HSIP, 

TAP, Revenue Sharing, and other funding)will be required to enter their application request through an 

on-line tool. Both state and local administered safety applications will go through this validation 

process. VDOT conducted outreach of its safety programs through webinars and workshops to inform 

and train all potential applicants on the usage of this tool.

Decisions are made based on several factors: Projects must be link to the SHSP. Projects must have 

expected reduction in crash and risk after completion. The benefit-cost ratio has to be greater than one 

to be approved for funding.

HSIP Projects must:

* Be relevant to the program purpose of reducing severe crashes, or risks to transportation users
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

5

* Address hazardous situations through good safety planning and identified by safety data driven 

network screening.

* Demonstrate compliance with the appropriate VDOT design guidelines and standards.

* Upgrade non-standard safety features to existing standards, when those features are related to 

the targeted crashes identified within the work area of the engineering study (or Roadway Safety 

Assessment).

Program Methodology

Select the programs that are administered under the HSIP. 

Intersection Bicycle Safety Crash Data

Roadway Departure Pedestrian Safety

Program: Intersection

Date of Program Methodology: 7/1/2014

 

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway

All crashes

Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only

Traffic

Volume

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

Crash frequency

Crash rate

Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this program?

Yes

If yes, are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are highway safety improvement projects advanced for implementation?

Competitive application process
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

6

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods selected, indicate 

the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. Enter either the weights or numerical 

rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving 

both processes the same rank and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Rank of Priority Consideration

Ranking based on B/C 1

Available funding 3

Targeted K+A crashes/people 2

Program: Bicycle Safety

Date of Program Methodology: 7/1/2014

 

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway

All crashes

Other-Risk Reduction

Traffic

Volume

Functional classification

Roadside features

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

Crash frequency

Other-Available facilities

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this program?

Yes

If yes, are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are highway safety improvement projects advanced for implementation?

Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods selected, indicate 

the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. Enter either the weights or numerical 

rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving 

both processes the same rank and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Cost Effectiveness 10

Community Support and 

comprehensive network plan

15

Problem identification inc crashes 

and risk

30
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

7

Solution study and selection to 

mitigate risk

45

Program: Crash Data

Date of Program Methodology: 7/1/2014

 

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway

All crashes Traffic

Volume

Functional classification

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

Crash frequency

Crash rate

Excess expected crash frequency using SPFs

Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this program?

Yes

If yes, are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are highway safety improvement projects advanced for implementation?

Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods selected, indicate 

the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. Enter either the weights or numerical 

rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving 

both processes the same rank and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Rank of Priority Consideration

Available funding 3

Cost Effectiveness 1

Targeted K+A crashes/people 2

Program: Roadway Departure

Date of Program Methodology: 7/1/2014
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

8

 

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway

All crashes Traffic

Volume

Median width

Horizontal curvature

Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only

Functional classification

Roadside features

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

Crash frequency

Crash rate

Excess expected crash frequency using SPFs

Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this program?

Yes

If yes, are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are highway safety improvement projects advanced for implementation?

Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods selected, indicate 

the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. Enter either the weights or numerical 

rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving 

both processes the same rank and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Rank of Priority Consideration

Ranking based on B/C 1

Available funding 3

Targeted K+A crashes and people 2

Program: Pedestrian Safety

Date of Program Methodology: 7/1/2014

 

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway

All crashes Traffic

Volume

Population

Median width

Other-Risk Reduction Functional classification

Roadside features
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

9

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

Crash frequency

Other-Community Support and Missing sidewalk 

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this program?

Yes

If yes, are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are highway safety improvement projects advanced for implementation?

Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods selected, indicate 

the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. Enter either the weights or numerical 

rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving 

both processes the same rank and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Relative Weight in Scoring

Cost Effectiveness 10

Communitysupport, benefit-need 

and pedestrian accessability

15

Problem identification inc crashes 

and risk

30

Solution proposed for 

improvement to mitigate risk

45

What proportion of highway safety improvement program funds address systemic improvements? 

25%

Highway safety improvement program funds are used to address which of the following systemic 

improvements?

Rumble Strips

Pavement/Shoulder Widening

Install/Improve Signing

Install/Improve Pavement Marking and/or Delineation

Add/Upgrade/Modify/Remove Traffic Signal

Other-High Friction Surface Treatments
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

10

What process is used to identify potential countermeasures? 

Engineering Study

Road Safety Assessment

Identify any program methodology practices used to implement the HSIP that have changed since the 

last reporting period.

Systemic Approach

Describe any other aspects of the Highway Safety Improvement Program methodology on which you 

would like to elaborate. 

VDOT's HSIP is a data driven program based upon network screening, crash data and local 

input. Virginia's network screening consists of state specific SPFs to identify top candidate locations for 

potential safety improvements. Using the EB method to develop these SPFs. The VDOT has provided the 

top 100 intersections and roadway segments of state maintained roadways to it's district and regional 

engineers to aid in the determining the most appropriate location for these safety investments.

Progress in Implementing Projects

Funds Programmed

Reporting period for Highway Safety Improvement Program funding.

State Fiscal Year

Enter the programmed and obligated funding for each applicable funding category.

Funding Category Programmed* Obligated

HSIP (Section 148) $53,431,456.00 73 % $30,389,167.00 52 %

HRRRP (SAFETEA-LU) $0.00 0 % $639,714.00 1 %

Penalty Transfer -

Section 154

$20,099,258.00 27 % $27,786,944.00 47 %
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

11

How much funding is programmed to local (non-state owned and operated) safety projects? 

$3,200,436.00

How much funding is obligated to local safety projects?

$4,989,013.00

How much funding is programmed to non-infrastructure safety projects? 

$3,687,866.00

How much funding is obligated to non-infrastructure safety projects?

$500,000.00

How much funding was transferred in to the HSIP from other core program areas during the reporting 

period?

$0.00

How much funding was transferred out of the HSIP to other core program areas during the reporting 

period?

$0.00

Discuss impediments to obligating Highway Safety Improvement Program funds and plans to 

overcome this in the future.

One of the major impediments that VDOT faces with obligating its Penalty Transfer Section 154 funds is 

the shortness in time that the Traffic Engineering Division has to obligate the funds once the final 

Totals $73,530,714.00 100% $58,815,825.00 100%
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

12

Obligation Authority is release. The Traffic Engineering , Infrastructure Investment, and Financial 

Planning Divisions met to identify and streamline the process. The three divisions agreed upon a process 

of forecasting the projected penalty transfer funds out six years to align the process with VDOT's six 

year improvement project plan.

Describe any other aspects of the general Highway Safety Improvement Program implementation 

progress on which you would like to elaborate.

None at this time.
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

13

General Listing of Projects

List each highway safety improvement project obligated during the reporting period. 

Proje

ct

Improvement Category Output HSIP 

Cost

Total 

Cost

Funding 

Categor

y

Functional 

Classificati

on

AAD

T

Spee

d

Roadway 

Ownersh

ip

Relationship to SHSP

Emphasis 

Area

Strategy

90499 Alignment Alignment -

other

0.5 

Miles

13113

46

81563

30

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Major 

Collector

4600 40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

93349 Intersection geometry 

Auxiliary lanes - add leftturn lane

0.325 

Miles

58921

3

21934

27

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

3400 35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in

93568 Roadside Barrier- metal 0.724 

Miles

24914

32

51233

44

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Major 

Collector

1300

0

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

96857 Intersection traffic control 

Modify traffic signal -

1 

Numbe

14850

0

34533

6

HSIP 

(Section 

Urban 

Minor 

7700 35 City of 

Municipa

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

14

modify signal mounting 

(spanwire to mast arm)

rs 148) Arterial l 

Highway 

Agency

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in

96933 Intersection traffic control 

Modify traffic signal -

modify signal mounting 

(spanwire to mast arm)

1 

Numbe

rs

29195

3

35056

6

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

7700 35 City of 

Municipa

l 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in

10321

0

Shoulder treatments 

Shoulder treatments - other

0.931 

Miles

94431

4

88347

21

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

5500 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10466

4

Intersection traffic control 

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacemen

t

13 

Numbe

rs

24078

37

64900

00

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Improve 

the 

awarene

ss and 

visibility 

of traffic 

co

10467

8

Intersection geometry 

Auxiliary lanes - add rightturn lane

0.138 

Miles

42915

4

91500

0

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

1735

2

60 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

15

crashes 

at in

10468

8

Pedestrians and bicyclists 

Install sidewalk

0.121 

Miles

20284

3

43584

5

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

5400 25 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in

10468

9

Pedestrians and bicyclists 

Miscellaneous pedestrians 

and bicyclists

0.0395 

Miles

38812

7

74694

8

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

1300

0

35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Improve 

the 

awarene

ss and 

visibility 

of traffic 

co

10470

6

Intersection geometry 

Auxiliary lanes - modify 

right-turn lane offset

0.172 

Miles

18082

1

44891

5

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

5787 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Improve 

the 

awarene

ss and 

visibility 

of traffic 

co

10573

6

Roadway delineation 

Roadway delineation -

other

2 

Numbe

rs

14949

1

16610

1

HRRRP 

(SAFETE

A-LU)

Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

8900 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10581

0

Intersection traffic control 

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacemen

0 Miles 29869

4

34185

0

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Improve 

the 

awarene
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

16

t 154 Other ss and 

visibility 

of traffic 

co

10623

8

Roadside Barrier - removal 0.085 

Miles

30897

0

44273

0

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

1655

3

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in

10653

5

Roadway Rumble strips -

center

13.78 

Miles

33805

79

38542

18

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10657

2

Roadway Rumble strips -

edge or shoulder

22.47 

Miles

32393

13

32913

15

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

1235

4

55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10657

4

Intersection traffic control 

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacemen

t

0.02 

Miles

23630

9

35989

3

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

2746

6

35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

17

10702

5

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 

Numbe

rs

36536

7

43936

7

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10706

5

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 

Numbe

rs

25952

1

25952

1

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10709

0

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 

Numbe

rs

18403

3

18403

3

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10709

9

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 

Numbe

rs

29272

7

29272

7

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10710

1

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 

Numbe

rs

56481 70481 Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

18

lanes

10710

2

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 

Numbe

rs

95147 37755

5

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10711

8

Roadside Roadside - other 0 Miles 26072

3

30012

8

HRRRP 

(SAFETE

A-LU)

Rural 

Major 

Collector

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10755

2

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 Miles 21636

3

21636

3

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10766

4

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 Miles 38873 74484 Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Rural Local 

Road or 

Street

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10777

2

Advanced technology and 

ITS Advanced technology 

and ITS - other

20.89 

Miles

19999

58

20000

00

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

3948

0

60 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

19

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10794

9

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs 

(including post) - new or 

updated

0 

Numbe

rs

12620

2

12620

0

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10844

8

Roadway Rumble strips -

edge or shoulder

20.7 

Miles

89223

2

91000

0

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other

3300

0

55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10857

4

Intersection traffic control 

Modify traffic signal -

miscellaneous/other/unspe

cified

1 

Numbe

rs

92963 11500

0

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

8597 35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in

10927

8

Roadway Roadway 

widening - add lane(s) along 

segment

1.33 

Miles

85990

6

23000

00

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

6400

0

65 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10309

6

Pedestrians and bicyclists 

Miscellaneous pedestrians 

6.5 

Miles

21080

65

21080

65

Penalty 

Transfer 

Rural Local 

Road or 

0 0 City of 

Municipa

Pedestrian

s

Reduce 

the risk 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

20

and bicyclists - Section 

154

Street l 

Highway 

Agency

associate

d with 

pedestria

n.

10469

0

Intersection traffic control 

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacemen

t

0 

Numbe

rs

35000

00

35000

00

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

1182

7

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Intersectio

ns

Reduce 

the 

frequenc

y and 

severity 

of 

crashes 

at in

10701

1

Roadway signs and traffic 

control Roadway signs and 

traffic control - other

0 

Numbe

rs

13226

9

13226

9

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10780

2

Non-infrastructure Noninfrastructure - other0 Miles 50000

0

50000

0

HSIP 

(Section 

148)

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

0 0 State 

Highway

Agency

Roadway 

Departure

Reduce 

likelihoo

d of 

vehicles 

leaving 

travel 

lanes

10806

8

Pedestrians and bicyclists 

Miscellaneous pedestrians 

and bicyclists

0.5 

Miles

60939

0

60939

0

Penalty 

Transfer 

- Section 

154

Rural Local 

Road or 

Street

0 0 Town or 

Townshi

p 

Highway 

Agency

Pedestrian

s

Reduce 

the risk 

associate

d with 

pedestria

n.
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

21
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

22

Overview of General Safety Trends

Present data showing the general highway safety trends in the state for the past five years. 

Performance Measures* 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Number of fatalities 823 772.8 756.6 744.6 747.2

Number of serious injuries 14314.2 12377.8 10798.6 9780 9052.4

Fatality rate (per HMVMT) 1.07 1 0.98 0.97 0.96

Serious injury rate (per HMVMT) 18.58 16.1 14.06 12.71 11.7

*Performance measure data is presented using a five-year rolling average.
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

23
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

24
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

25

To the maximum extent possible, present performance measure* data by functional classification and ownership. 

Year - 2015

Function Classification Number of fatalities Number of serious injuries Fatality rate (per HMVMT) Serious injury rate (per HMVMT)

RURAL PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL - INTERSTATE

50 429.8 0.53 4.57

RURAL PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL - OTHER 

FREEWAYS AND 

EXPRESSWAYS

70.6 621.2 1.11 9.79

RURAL MINOR 

ARTERIAL

98.2 776 1.88 14.86

RURAL MINOR 

COLLECTOR

16.4 145.8 3.01 26.75

RURAL MAJOR 

COLLECTOR

120.4 1117.2 2.41 22.33

RURAL LOCAL ROAD OR 

STREET

65.4 709 2.17 23.49

URBAN PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL - INTERSTATE

53.8 963.6 0.35 6.26

URBAN PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL - OTHER 

12.8 123.8 0.39 3.76
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

26

FREEWAYS AND 

EXPRESSWAYS

URBAN PRINCIPAL 

ARTERIAL - OTHER

87.2 1286.6 0.7 10.28

URBAN MINOR 

ARTERIAL

83.8 1306 0.81 12.62

URBAN MAJOR 

COLLECTOR

43.4 606.2 1.05 14.71

URBAN LOCAL ROAD 

OR STREET

12.4 240.8 0.62 12.24

OTHER 10.4 217.4
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

27
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

28
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31

Year - 2015

Roadway Ownership Number of 

fatalities

Number of serious 

injuries

Fatality rate (per 

HMVMT)

Serious injury rate (per 

HMVMT)

STATE HIGHWAY AGENCY 600.8 6546 0.94 10.25

COUNTY HIGHWAY AGENCY 8.4 80.2 0.67 6.3

TOWN OR TOWNSHIP HIGHWAY AGENCY 1.2 27.8 0.2 6

CITY OF MUNICIPAL HIGHWAY AGENCY 100 1611.6 0.73 11.81

STATE PARK, FOREST, OR RESERVATION AGENCY 0.2 1.2 0.04 0.19

STATE TOLL AUTHORITY 0.2 0.4 0.23 0.46

LOCAL TOLL AUTHORITY 0.8 6 0.21 2.15

OTHER PUBLIC INSTRUMENTALITY (E.G. AIRPORT, 

SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY)

0.4 2 NaN NaN

OTHER 35.2 779.6 NaN NaN
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

32
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

33
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

34
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

35
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

36
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

37

Describe any other aspects of the general highway safety trends on which you would like to elaborate.

None at this time.

Application of Special Rules

Present the rate of traffic fatalities and serious injuries per capita for drivers and pedestrians over the 

age of 65. 

Older Driver

Performance Measures

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Fatality rate (per capita) 9.21 12.16 15.29 15.76 15.49

Serious injury rate (per 

capita)

113.05 142.85 171.67 152.11 139.29

Fatality and serious injury 

rate (per capita)

122.26 155.01 186.95 167.88 154.78

*Performance measure data is presented using a five-year rolling average.

Note: Data for driver and pedestrian age 65 and over was not available for inclusion in this 

report.

Formula:

Fatality Rate (Per Capita): 

Injury Rate (Per 

Capita): 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

38

Does the older driver special rule apply to your state? 

No

Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Improvements (Program 

Evaluation)
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

39

What indicators of success can you use to demonstrate effectiveness and success in the Highway 

Safety Improvement Program?

Other-Increase in the number of safety projects implemented and programmed

Other-Percentage of HSIP projects completed on time and budget in the 24 month project delivery 

report

Other-Development of Tableau Project Tracking and Crash Analysis Tools

Other-Enhanced Virginia specific PSI and SPF development. Systemic Improvement Implementation

Other-Decrease in observed crash occurence.

What significant programmatic changes have occurred since the last reporting period? 

Other-Development of Smartscale Portal

Other-Development of improved BCR and Systemic Worksheets

Other-Implemantation of Virginia HSIP Guide and Crash Analysis Manual

Briefly describe significant program changes that have occurred since the last reporting period. 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

40

All HSIP applications and proposals are to use the new VDOT SMARTSCALE Portal for submitting 

applications to the department. 
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

41

SHSP Emphasis Areas

For each SHSP emphasis area that relates to the HSIP, present trends in emphasis area performance measures. 

Year - 2015

HSIP-related SHSP 

Emphasis Areas

Target 

Crash Type

Number of 

fatalities

Number of 

serious injuries

Fatality rate (per 

HMVMT)

Serious injury rate 

(per HMVMT)

Other1Other2Other3

Roadway Departure 395.8 3468.4 0.49 4.28

Intersections 198 2802 0.24 3.46

Pedestrians 84.2 486.8 0.1 0.6

Bicyclists 10.4 179 0.01 0.22
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

42
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

43
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

44
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

45

Groups of similar project types
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

46

Present the overall effectiveness of groups of similar types of projects.

Systemic Treatments

Present the overall effectiveness of systemic treatments.

Year - 2015

HSIP Sub-program 

Types

Target 

Crash Type

Number of 

fatalities

Number of 

serious injuries

Fatality rate (per 

HMVMT)

Serious injury rate 

(per HMVMT)

Other1Other2Other3

Pedestrian Safety 84.2 486.8 0.1 0.6

Roadway 

Departure

395.8 3468.4 0.49 4.28

Intersection 198 2802 0.24 3.46

Bicycle Safety 10.4 179 0.01 0.22

Crash Data 747.2 9052.4 0.96 11.7

Systemic Target 

Crash Type

Number of Number of Fatality rate (per Serious injury rate Other1Other2Other3
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

47

improvement fatalities serious injuries HMVMT) (per HMVMT)
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

48

Describe any other aspects of the overall Highway Safety Improvement Program effectiveness on 

which you would like to elaborate. 

None at this time.
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

49

Project Evaluation

Provide project evaluation data for completed projects (optional). 

Locatio

n

Functional 

Class

Improveme

nt Category

Improvement Type BefFata

l

BefSeriou

s 

Injury

Bef-All 

Injurie

s

Bef

-

PD

O

BefTota

l

AftFata

l

AftSeriou

s 

Injury

Aft-All 

Injurie

s

AftPD

O

AftTota

l

Evaluation Results 

(Benefit/ Cost 

Ratio)

90150 Urban 

Minor 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

1 1 5 7 1 1 0.4329579787133

92

81437 Rural 

Major 

Collector

Shoulder 

treatments

Pave existing shoulders 1 1 3 5 1 2 3 1.6625687884188

6
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

50

96866 Rural 

Major 

Collector

Roadway Roadway widening - travel 

lanes

4 1 2 7 2 1 3 0.7453504211245

82

96942 Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add rightturn lane6 4 10 1 3 4 3.6581626023581

3

100553 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Roadway Rumble strips - edge or 

shoulder

2 29 15 44 90 11 16 25 52 5.2764609444013

3

96869 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection flashers - add 

overhead (actuated)

1 1 2 4 1 2 3 3.0337476269144

8
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

51

96870 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection flashers - add 

overhead (actuated)

2 2 2 6 1 3 4 7.8044750582598

2

18902 Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

Alignment Alignment - other 1 1 2 2 1.9550209555470

7

94972 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting 9 20 46 75 7 12 19 55.553293199480

2

98392 Rural 

Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection flashers - add 

"when flashing" warning signmounted

1 2 2 5 2 2 4.1030887084988

2
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

52

90316 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Roadside Drainage improvements 1 3 6 23 33 1 3 5 9 2.3855489047476

2

94837 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

3 5 4 12 1 4 5 2.8565125974680

1

98439 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

10 18 28 4 24 33 61 149.17619865671

7

98440 Rural 

Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

6 13 19 1 1 2 2.2023027933531
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

53

98441 Rural 

Major 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

3 7 15 25 4 6 5 15 8.8689861419853

9

90149 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Access 

managemen

t

Raised island - remove 

existing

3 31 74 108 0

90151 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add rightturn lane1 49 88 138 3 63 45 111 54.837019234362

7

93989 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - extend 

acceleration/deceleration 

lane

8 40 101 149 1 82 59 142 6.8209291421485

6
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

54

93990 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

6 13 35 54 1 15 8 24 10.324731072298

3

93991 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - extend 

acceleration/deceleration 

lane

6 23 35 64 23 19 42 11.444699842716

5

93992 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - modify leftturn lane offset2 11 26 39 2 2 1.2523654475115

95425 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection traffic control -

other

5 8 13 26 1 3 3 7 4.0678920436167

6
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

55

96038 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

2 7 11 20 1 17 8 26 37.936379207417

6

98435 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Pavement markings -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

1 8 8 17 2 12 16 30 37.16

17522 Rural 

Minor 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - modify 

signal mounting (spanwire to 

mast arm)

9 7 16 10 5 15 0.6808843395354

27

90150 Urban 

Minor 

Collector

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

1 1 5 7 1 1 0.4329579787133

92
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

56

93641 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection flashers - add 

overhead (continuous)

13 39 52 7 14 21 13.432430267838

4

95411 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection flashers - add 

overhead (actuated)

6 5 8 19 1 6 20 27 76.446418789213

7

95421 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

4 12 16 5 10 15 1.5917443029997

7

95422 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

6 17 18 41 5 25 24 54 83.979705490746

3
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

57

95424 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

2 9 11 12 10 22 53.613695169208

6

95430 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - add 

emergency vehicle 

preemption

2 5 6 13 9 7 16 949.42413111622

5

95986 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Pavement markings -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

1 4 8 13 2 19 8 29 44.571978009957

5

96035 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

2 9 14 25 1 5 2 8 4.7795762524851

6
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

58

96036 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Pavement markings -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

1 3 14 18 4 1 5 2.4027372410856

2

96037 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Pavement markings -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

4 4 12 20 1 14 12 27 39.374984642393

81296 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Alignment Horizontal and vertical 

alignment

3 7 12 22 4 4 0.6037189940378

48

86514 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Alignment Alignment - other 3 12 20 35 5 2 7 2.8877654516461
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

59

90199 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting 1 5 6 1 1 2 1.2809625589960

5

90200 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting 5 4 9 1 6 14 21 21.087656220341

4

90202 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting 4 2 6 6 6 0

90204 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting 1 2 3 4 3 2 9 43.392106355785

3
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

60

90205 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting 1 5 4 10 1 9 14 24 80.65004413314

90207 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Lighting Continuous roadway lighting 2 3 2 2 9 1 10 17 28 70.109448920518

7

90213 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection geometrics -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

1 10 17 28 2 1 3 1.3896220410388

2

90214 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection geometrics -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

1 21 35 57 6 20 26 5.077691531824
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

61

91946 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Pavement markings -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

2 15 28 45 4 2 6 2.4192896421521

6

93513 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Alignment Vertical alignment or 

elevation change

1 3 11 6 21 2 2 0.5728516022261

54

94859 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

4 15 29 48 1 10 21 32 12.015477987875

2

94862 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

3 5 13 21 9 14 23 25.442485734832

1
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

62

94863 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

1 15 17 33 3 12 17 32 0.8449476654653

99

94865 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

3 5 4 12 3 5 6 14 18.474970632458

8

94866 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

1 14 18 33 2 15 10 27 5.9715415562039

9

94867 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

13 12 25 1 14 15 30 63.911651046311

4
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

63

95835 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Lighting Intersection lighting 1 2 9 12 0

95838 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection traffic control -

other

1 6 21 28 1 1 0.7885029775173

34

96998 Urban 

Local Road 

or Street

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add two-way 

left-turn lane

3 14 24 41 2 2 0.5267836825056

53

97004 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Pavement markings -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

2 10 19 31 1 1 0.8902852728872

65
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

64

97006 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

16 11 27 1 1 1.1628911484389

5

97383 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Interstate

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

4 10 14 10 5 15 26.844284808138

1

98284 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

3 3 2 1 3 0

98422 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

1 1 0.8232240855731

43
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

65

98429 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

2 9 19 30 1 19 11 31 25.986469924419

3

98436 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

1 8 9 0

98442 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

1 1 9 11 1 1 2 1.4007820266721

5

101015 Rural 

Principal 

Arteria -

Interstate

Roadside Barrier- metal 1 9 10 3 1 23 27 48.916126963316

8
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

66

100646 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Pavement markings -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

1 8 10 19 0

90304 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add rightturn lane2 3 1 2 8 1 1 1.8160142288636

5

98122 Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - modify 

signal mounting (spanwire to 

mast arm)

1 4 4 9 6 6 12 16.035912631265

7

98389 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

3 5 5 13 0
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

67

89937 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

4 15 19 1 2 6 9 3.6120891981574

1

89938 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - modify 

signal mounting (spanwire to 

mast arm)

2 4 15 21 4 5 9 5.4675759252627

7

89939 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

4 7 22 33 1 4 6 11 9.9150135732833

9

95500 Urban 

Local Road 

or Street

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Intersection flashers - add 

overhead (actuated)

2 7 11 20 5 5 10 23.881143287886

6
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

68

96729 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

22 65 87 1 5 8 14 12.185678637893

8

98910 Rural 

Major 

Collector

Roadway Pavement surface - high 

friction surface

2 1 3 0

71459 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - modify 

signal mounting (spanwire to 

mast arm)

12 42 54 6 36 42 4.5608632447898

9

77154 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

4 4 9 17 8 6 14 5.1913355168637

9
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

69

77156 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

6 17 14 37 1 3 16 20 8.4374712206427

4

93394 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - add 

railroad preemption

1 4 12 17 6 18 24 69.502558986462

9

95509 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - extend 

existing left-turn lane

1 3 4 8 3 3 6 0.6148937464145

81

98358 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Access 

managemen

t

Median crossover - close 

crossover

1 1 2 4 0
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

70

98421 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

2 4 9 15 5 7 12 2.0287041158414

1

98433 Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - modify 

signal mounting (spanwire to 

mast arm)

7 16 23 3 16 19 3.2757909495916

4

98434 Rural 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal - modify 

signal mounting (spanwire to 

mast arm)

1 3 4 3 3 6 8.0775893751238

5

98445 Rural 

Principal 

Arteria -

Interstate

Roadside Barrier - cable 3 12 10 22 47 3 10 50 63 4.7608993168039
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

71

100543 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - extend 

existing left-turn lane

2 6 8 1 1 3.3073901920333

8

98357 Urban 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Intersection 

traffic 

control

Modify traffic signal -

modernization/replacement

3 1 10 14 3 10 13 10.491099757054

9

9300 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes -

miscellaneous/other/unspecif

ied

9 17 26 2 7 9 1.87

98457 Rural 

Major 

Collector

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder - paved or 

other

2 5 7 1 1 2 1.78
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

72

98458 Rural Local 

Road or 

Street

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder - paved or 

other

1 1 2 4 0

93661 Urban 

Minor 

Arterial

Intersection 

geometry

Auxiliary lanes - add left-turn 

lane

1 25 1 22 49 3 3 2.30

93467 Rural 

Principal 

Arterial -

Other 

Freeways 

and 

Expresswa

ys

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder - paved or 

other

2 7 2 11 22 3 6 9 2.19
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

73

Optional Attachments

Sections Files Attached
2016 Virginia Highway Safety Improvement Program

74

Glossary

5 year rolling average means the average of five individual, consecutive annual points of data (e.g. 

annual fatality rate).

Emphasis area means a highway safety priority in a State’s SHSP, identified through a data-driven, 

collaborative process. 

Highway safety improvement project means strategies, activities and projects on a public road that are 

consistent with a State strategic highway safety plan and corrects or improves a hazardous road location 

or feature or addresses a highway safety problem. 

HMVMT means hundred million vehicle miles traveled.

Non-infrastructure projects are projects that do not result in construction. Examples of noninfrastructure projects include road safety audits, transportation safety planning activities, 

improvements in the collection and analysis of data, education and outreach, and enforcement 

activities.

Older driver special rule applies if traffic fatalities and serious injuries per capita for drivers and 

pedestrians over the age of 65 in a State increases during the most recent 2-year period for which data 

are available, as defined in the Older Driver and Pedestrian Special Rule Interim Guidance dated 

February 13, 2013. 

Performance measure means indicators that enable decision-makers and other stakeholders to monitor 

changes in system condition and performance against established visions, goals, and objectives.

Programmed funds mean those funds that have been programmed in the Statewide Transportation 

Improvement Program (STIP) to be expended on highway safety improvement projects.

Roadway Functional Classification means the process by which streets and highways are grouped into 

classes, or systems, according to the character of service they are intended to provide.

Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) means a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary plan, based on safety 

data developed by a State Department of Transportation in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 148. 

Systematic refers to an approach where an agency deploys countermeasures at all locations across a 

system.

Systemic safety improvement means an improvement that is widely implemented based on high risk 

roadway features that are correlated with specific severe crash types. 

Transfer means, in accordance with provisions of 23 U.S.C. 126, a State may transfer from an 

apportionment under section 104(b) not to exceed 50 percent of the amount apportioned for the fiscal 

year to any other apportionment of the State under that section.