100 100 100 100 50 50,40,40 SLUR 0 100 100 100 100 50 50,40,40 100,100 100,100 100 100 100 100 50 50,40,40 100,100 50 100 100 100 100 50 50,40,40 50 50 100 100 100 100 50 50,40,40 75 75,66,66 100 100 100 100 50 50,40,40 25 25,19,19

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Map Update: UID Anno & Leaders updated 11.12.27

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only 

and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, 

CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS

Digital files available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3125/

Suggested citation: Hamilton, T.D., and Labay, K.A., 2011, Surficial Geologic Map of the Gates 

of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Map 3125, pamphlet 19 p., scale 1:300,000, [http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3125/]

Surficial Geologic Map of the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska

By

Thomas D. Hamilton and Keith A. Labay

2011

CONTOUR INTERVAL 200 FEET

NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929

SCALE 1:300 000

0 5 10 20 30 40 MILES

0 10 20 40 60 80 KILOMETERS

APPROXIMATE MEAN

DECLINATION, 2011

14 / ° 1 2

MAGNETIC NORTH

U-shaped glacial divide crossing at head of Seward Creek, 8 km (5 mi) west of 

TRUE NORTH

Wild Lake (Wiseman quadrangle). Photo by T.D. Hamilton, 07/30/77. 

Glacier and neoglacial moraine, northeast flank of Oxadak Mountain (southeast 

corner of Chandler Lake quadrangle). Photo by J.P. McCalpin, 08/08/77. 

View southeast across upper Killik River to glacially faceted valley wall and 

glacial deposits on valley floor (Killik River quadrangle). Photo by T.D. Hamilton, 

06/05/68. 

147°

147°

150°

150°

153°

153°

156°

156°

159°

159°

69°

69°

68°

68°

67° 67°

66° 66°

Beaver

Gates of the Arctic

National Park and Preserve

Shungnak Hughes Bettles

Chandalar

Wiseman

Survey

Pass

Ambler

River

Philip Smith

Mountains

Chandler

Lake

Killik

Howard River

Pass

LOCATION INDEX

Koyukuk

River

Yukon

River

Kobuk River

Colville

River

Noatak River

ALASKA

MAP LOCATION

B R O O K S R A N G E

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1:250,000-scale quadrangles 

Ambler River, 1956 (limited revisions 1982); Bettles, 1956 (limited 

revision 1984); Chandalar, 1956, (limited revisions 1982); Chandler 

Lake, 1956 (minor revision 1985); Howard Pass, 1956 (minor 

revisions 1975); Hughes, 1956 (limited revisions 1982); Killik River, 

1956 (limited revisions 1983); Philip Smith Mountains, 1956 (limited 

revisions 1983); Shungnak, 1955 (limited revisions 1983); Survey 

Pass, 1956 (limited revision 1982); Wiseman, 1956 (revised 1983)

Alaska Albers Equal Area Conic projection

1927 North American Datum

Geology mapped by W.W. Patton Jr. and T.P. Miller, 1966; 

S.C. Porter, 1964, 1966; T.D. Hamilton, 1978a, 1978b, 1979c, 

1979d, 1980c, 1981a, 1984a, 1984b, 2002a, 2002b

GIS database and digital cartography by Keith A. Labay, 

Nora Shew, Shaun Peterson, and Daniel Grunwald

Edited by Theresa Iki; digital cartographic production by 

Richard Koch

Manuscript approved for publication May 4, 2010

Prepared in cooperation with the

National Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Map 3125

Pamphlet accompanies map

Department

of the Interior

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COLLUVIAL DEPOSITS SAND, SILT, AND ORGANIC DEPOSITS

SURFICIAL DEPOSITS

CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS

LACUSTRINE AND GLACIOLACUSTRINE 

DEPOSITS

GLACIAL DRIFT AND 

ICE-CONTACT GRAVEL

GLACIAL OUTWASH AND 

INWASH

FAN DEPOSITS ALLUVIUM OTHER GRAVEL 

DEPOSITS

Sagavanirktok

River

glaciation

(middle Pleistocene)

Itkillik

glaciation

(late Pleistocene)

Neoglaciation

Pleistocene

Holocene

QUATERNARY

Anaktuvuk

River

glaciation

(early Pleistocene)

Central

Brooks Range 

Glaciations

Gunsight

Mountain

glacial interval Pliocene

and

Miocene (?)

TERTIARY

Sagavanirktok

River

glaciation

(middle Pleistocene)

Itkillik

glaciation

(late Pleistocene)

Neoglaciation

Pleistocene

Holocene

QUATERNARY

Anaktuvuk

River

glaciation

(early Pleistocene)

Central

Brooks Range 

Glaciations

Gunsight

Mountain

glacial interval Pliocene

and

Miocene (?)

TERTIARY

TERRACE DEPOSITS

U

D

af

afi

f

fd

fi

fdi

fda

fsa

fs

ii

so1

so

ii3

ii2

ii1

no

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sd

sd2

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io2

io1

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io2B

io1A

io1B

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Bs

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ds

ls

tr

tri

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id

idt

rs

c

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sdt

igl

dt

dti

igl1

b

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id1

ik2

ik1

nd

nd1

nd2

igl2

sgl

ik

dg

id1A

id1B

al

al2

alsa

al1

tg

tg2

tg1

td1

Ttg

pg

td2

grfn

gr

tg3

LIST OF MAP UNITS

SURFICIAL DEPOSITS

[See Description of Map Units (in pamphlet) for complete unit descriptions]

[Some unit exposures on the map are too small to distinguish the color 

for unit identification. These units are labeled where possible, and all 

units are identified by attributes in the database]

FAN DEPOSITS

Steep alpine fan deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Steep alpine fan deposits, inactive (late Pleistocene)

Fan deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Fan deposits, inactive (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Silt fans (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Sand fans (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Fan-delta deposits (late Pleistocene)

Fan-delta deposits, active (late Holocene)

Fan-delta deposits, inactive (Holocene and late 

Pleistocene)

ALLUVIUM

Alluvium, undivided (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Modern alluvium (late Holocene)

Low alluvial-terrace deposits (Holocene)

Alluvium, sand facies (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

TERRACE DEPOSITS

Terrace deposit, low-level (late Pleistocene)

Terrace deposit, high-level (middle Pleistocene)

Terrace gravel, undivided (middle and early Pleistocene; 

late Tertiary?)

Pleistocene terrace gravels, younger (middle Pleistocene)

Pleistocene terrace gravels, older (early Pleistocene)

Pleistocene terrace gravels, oldest (early Pleistocene; 

latest Tertiary?)

Tertiary terrace gravels (late Tertiary)

OTHER GRAVEL DEPOSITS

Gravel, undifferentiated (middle and early Pleistocene; 

late Tertiary?)

Fine gravel (middle and early Pleistocene)

Piedmont gravel (middle and early Pleistocene; late 

Tertiary)

COLLUVIAL DEPOSITS

Avalanche tracks and deposits (late Holocene)

Colluvium, undivided (Holocene and Pleistocene)

Debris glaciers (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Flow deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Landslide deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Protalus rampart deposits (late Holocene)

Rock-glacier deposits, undifferentiated (Holocene and 

late Pleistocene)

Rock-glacier deposits, active (late Holocene)

Rock-glacier deposits, inactive (Holocene and late 

Pleistocene)

Solifluction deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene; 

middle Pleistocene?)

Talus rubble (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Talus rubble, inactive (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

SAND, SILT AND ORGANIC DEPOSITS

Dune sand (Holocene)

Sand deposits (late Pleistocene)

Retransported silt deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)

Organic silt deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Upland silt deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)

Muskeg deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)

LACUSTRINE AND GLACIOLACUSTRINE DEPOSITS

Beach deposits (Holocene)

Deltaic deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Deltaic deposits, inactive (Holocene)

Lacustrine deposits (Holocene and late Pleistocene)

Glacial-lake deposits of Itkillik age (late Pleistocene)

Glacial-lake deposits of late Itkillik II readvance (late 

Pleistocene)

Glacial-lake deposits of Itkillik II age (late Pleistocene)

Glacial-lake deposits of Itkillik I age (late Pleistocene)

Deltaic deposits of Itkillik age (late Pleistocene)

Glacial-lake deposits of Sagavanirktok River age 

(middle Pleistocene)

Deltaic deposits of Sagavanirktok River age (middle 

Pleistocene)

GLACIAL DRIFT AND ICE-CONTACT GRAVEL

Late Holocene Glaciation (Neoglaciation)

Drift of neoglacial age (late Holocene)

Drift of late neoglacial age (late Holocene)

Drift of early neoglacial age (late Holocene)

Itkillik Glaciation

Drift of Itkillik age, undifferentiated (late Pleistocene)

Drift of late Itkillik II readvance (late Pleistocene)

Drift of Itkillik II age (late Pleistocene)

Drift of Itkillik I age (late Pleistocene)

Drift of Itkillik I age, differentiated (late Pleistocene)

Kame and kame-terrace deposits (late Pleistocene)

Late Itkillik II readvance (late Pleistocene)

Itkillik II age (late Pleistocene)

Itkillik I age (late Pleistocene)

Meltwater deposits of late Itkillik II age (late 

Pleistocene)

Sagavanirktok River Glaciation

Drift of Sagavanirktok River age (middle Pleistocene)

Younger drift of Sagavanirktok River age (middle 

Pleistocene)

Older drift of Sagavanirktok River age (middle 

Pleistocene)

Anaktuvuk River Glaciation

Drift of Anaktuvuk River age (early Pleistocene)

Gunsight Mountain Glacial Interval

Drift of Gunsight Mountain age (late Tertiary)

GLACIAL OUTWASH AND INWASH

Outwash of neoglacial age (late Holocene)

Outwash of Itkillik age (late Pleistocene)

Outwash of late Itkillik II readvance (late Pleistocene)

Outwash of Itkillik II age (late Pleistocene)

Outwash of Itkillik II age, differentiated (late 

Pleistocene)

Outwash of Itkillik I age (late Pleistocene)

Outwash of Itkillik I age, differentiated (late 

Pleistocene)

Outwash of Sagavanirktok River age (middle 

Pleistocene)

Younger outwash of Sagavanirktok River age (middle 

Pleistocene)

Older outwash of Sagavanirktok River age (middle 

Pleistocene)

Outwash of Anaktuvuk River age (early Pleistocene)

Inwash of Itkillik age (late Pleistocene)

Inwash of late Itkillik II readvance (late Pleistocene)

Inwash of Itkillik II age (late Pleistocene)

Inwash of Itkillik I age (late Pleistocene)

BEDROCK SURFACE FORMS

Bedrock, undifferentiated

Bedrock, glacier-scoured (Arrows show glacier flow 

direction, where determinable)

Bedrock, silt-covered

SYMBOLS

Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve boundary

Contact—Dashed where approximately located or inferred. 

Queried where uncertain

Fault—Expressed in Quaternary sediments or as unmodified offsets in bedrock. Relative motion (D, down; U, 

up) shown where determinable

Lineament—May be bedrock-controlled rather than 

fault-related

Drainage channel—Abandoned or containing underfit 

stream

Crest of morainal ridge

Dalton Highway

Direction of glacier flow across topographic divide

Direction of ice movement or meltwater drainage across 

ice-scoured bedrock

Direction of former meltwater flow across topographic 

divide

U-shaped pass—Where glacier crossed topographic divide 

(Survey Pass, Ambler River, and Hughes quadrangles)

Pingo

Spring—Circle designates place of origin; “tail” shows 

flow direction. Recognized only in Anaktuvuk River 

valley (Chandler Lake quadrangle)

Active talus (jagged segment marks upslope limit)—See 

Description of Map Units

Active talus aprons (jagged upper limits) above lobate 

rock glaciers—Symbol employed only in Arrigetch 

Peaks (about 25 km north of Walker Lake, Survey Pass 

quadrangle)

Upland erosion surface near head of Alatna Valley 

(Survey Pass quadrangle)

Pediment-like erosion surface near north flank of 

Brooks Range (Killik River quadrangle)

Heavily eroded drift or bedrock

Surface and subsurface lacustrine deposits

Glacier (limits as mapped in 1978 - 1980)

R A N G E

B R O O K S

R A N G E

B R O O K S

B R O O K S

R

A

N

G

E

E

N

D I C O T T

M O U N T A I N S

R I V E R

K O B U K

Reed

River

CONTINENTAL

DIVIDE

CONTINENTAL

DIVIDE

CONTINENTAL

DIVIDE

DIVIDE

CONTINENTAL

RIVER

NOATAK

Chandler

River

NANUSHUK RIVER

ANAKTUVUK

RIVER

KOBUK

RIVER

Lake

Minakokosa

Norutak

Hills

Kobuk Fault Zone

KILLIK

RIVER

Nigu

River

Kurupa

Lake

Galbraith

ITKILLIK

RIVER

DALTON

HIGHWAY

ALYESKA

PIPELINE

Arrigetch

Peaks

ALATNA

RIVER

Iniakuk

Lake

Reed

River

JOHN

RIVER

Koyukuk

River

North

Fork

KOYUKUK

RIVER

NORTH

FORK

Middle

Fork

Koyukuk

River

KOYUKUK

RIVER

Lake

DALTON

HIGHWAY

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av

Bg

fd

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(id) id

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tri

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(id2)

af

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f f

f f

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al

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Bg

f

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c

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(ad)

so

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l

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(id1)

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dg

dg

dg

rga

tri

rgi

ls

f af

ls

ls

af

dg

dg

s

dg

c

al

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id2

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al

(id)?

(id1)

id2

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fd

fi

id

id

(id)

al

tri

rgi

rga

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ls?

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ls?

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fd

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pr

f

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tri

af

id2?

id3?

B

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f

f

f

dg

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f

(id1)

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s

rga

al2

al1

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ik

ik

rs

id1A

(id1)

al

(id)

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id

rga

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af

s

al

sd

so

id

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(id)

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f

id

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pg

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f

af

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rgi

io2

io1 io1B io1B

m

id1 (id1)

io1

B

sd

68°00'

68°00'

150°00'

153°00'

156°00'

150°00'

153°00'

156°00'

156°00'

156°00'

67°00'

67°00'

67°00'

15'

30'

45'

15'

30'

30'

30'

30'

151°00'

152°00'

154°00'

155°00'

15'

45'

157°00'

30'

157°00'

15'

45'

155°00'

154°00'

45'

15'

15'

152°00'

151°00'