II 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 3384 

To combat illicit cross-border financial activity and to improve the Trade 

Transparency Unit program of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

NOVEMBER 30, 2023 

Mr. WHITEHOUSE (for himself, Mr. CASSIDY, and Mr. KING) introduced the 

following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 

Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 

A BILL 

To combat illicit cross-border financial activity and to improve the Trade Transparency Unit program of U.S. 

Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Combating Cross-bor5 der Financial Crime Act of 2023’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF CROSS-BORDER FINANCIAL 

2 CRIME CENTER. 

3 The Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1304 et seq.) is 

4 amended by inserting after section 631 (19 U.S.C. 1631) 

5 the following: 

6 ‘‘SEC. 632. ESTABLISHMENT OF CROSS-BORDER FINANCIAL 

7 CRIME CENTER. 

8 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Homeland 

9 Security, acting through the Executive Associate Director 

10 of Homeland Security Investigations, shall— 

11 ‘‘(1) establish the Cross-Border Financial 

12 Crime Center (in this section referred to as the 

13 ‘Center’), which shall be located in the National 

14 Capital region (as defined in section 8702 of title 

15 40, United States Code); and 

16 ‘‘(2) appoint a Director to serve as the head of 

17 the Center (in this section referred to as the ‘Direc18 tor’). 

19 ‘‘(b) DUTIES.— 

20 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Center shall— 

21 ‘‘(A) support, through the provision of an22 alysts, equipment, and other resources, the in23 vestigation and seizure of assets and proceeds 

24 (as defined in section 981 of title 18, United 

25 States Code) related to trade-based money 

26 laundering and other illicit cross-border finanVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:49 Dec 05, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3384.IS S3384

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1 cial activity or attempted illicit cross-border fi2 nancial activity, to, from, or through the United 

3 States, including such activity conducted by ac4 tors determined by the Secretary of State, the 

5 Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treas6 ury, and the Secretary of Homeland Security to 

7 be the highest priority threats, including— 

8 ‘‘(i) transnational criminal organiza9 tions; 

10 ‘‘(ii) kleptocrats and oligarchs with re11 spect to whom the United States has im12 posed sanctions; 

13 ‘‘(iii) professional money laundering 

14 organizations; and 

15 ‘‘(iv) persons knowingly enabling 

16 criminal or corrupt activity, including des17 ignated non-financial businesses and pro18 fessions; 

19 ‘‘(B) coordinate with the Deputy Directors 

20 appointed under subsection (c) and the heads of 

21 other relevant Federal agencies to better ensure 

22 uniform training is provided to United States 

23 Federal, State, local, and Tribal law enforce24 ment agencies and foreign law enforcement 

25 agencies to address the vulnerabilities outlined 


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1 in the National Money Laundering Risk Assess2 ment, published by the Department of the 

3 Treasury in February 2022, or any successor 

4 document; 

5 ‘‘(C) coordinate with such agencies to de6 velop metrics to assess whether the training de7 scribed in subparagraph (B) improved enforce8 ment of anti-money laundering laws; 

9 ‘‘(D) leverage existing, lawfully obtained, 

10 government data sources to establish a means 

11 to receive, collect, track, analyze, and deconflict 

12 information regarding illicit cross-border finan13 cial activity from United States and foreign law 

14 enforcement agencies and other non-Federal 

15 sources; 

16 ‘‘(E) coordinate with the Deputy Directors 

17 appointed under subsection (c) and relevant 

18 components of their agencies, including the Fi19 nancial Crimes Enforcement Network, to dis20 seminate information, on a rolling basis, re21 garding trends and techniques involved in illicit 

22 cross-border financial activity to other Federal 

23 agencies, private sector stakeholders, and for24 eign law enforcement partners, as appropriate; 


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1 ‘‘(F) coordinate with the offices of United 

2 States attorneys in order to develop expertise 

3 in, and assist with, the investigation and pros4 ecution of crimes involving trade-based money 

5 laundering and other illicit cross-border finan6 cial activity; and 

7 ‘‘(G) carry out such other duties as the 

8 Executive Associate Director may assign. 

9 ‘‘(2) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—The duties 

10 described in paragraph (1) shall supplement, not 

11 supplant, the work of existing Federal agencies, task 

12 forces, and working groups. 

13 ‘‘(c) DEPUTY DIRECTORS.—The Attorney General, 

14 the Secretary of the Treasury (acting through the Director 

15 of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network), and the 

16 Secretary of State shall each appoint a Deputy Director 

17 to assist the Director. 

18 ‘‘(d) COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the duties 

20 described in subsection (b), the Director shall coordi21 nate with the Federal entities specified in paragraph 

22 (2), and to the extent practicable, with the State, 

23 local, and Tribal entities specified in paragraph (3) 

24 to ensure at least part-time representation, in the 

25 form of detailees, in the Center of at least one agent 


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1 or analyst with expertise in countering cross-border 

2 illicit finance, including trade-based money laun3 dering, from each such entity. 

4 ‘‘(2) FEDERAL ENTITIES SPECIFIED.—The 

5 Federal entities specified in this paragraph are the 

6 following: 

7 ‘‘(A) The Department of the Treasury and 

8 the following components of the Department: 

9 ‘‘(i) The Financial Crimes Enforce10 ment Network. 

11 ‘‘(ii) The Office of Foreign Assets 

12 Control. 

13 ‘‘(iii) The Office of the Comptroller of 

14 the Currency. 

15 ‘‘(iv) The Office of Technical Assist16 ance. 

17 ‘‘(v) Internal Revenue Service Crimi18 nal Investigation. 

19 ‘‘(vi) The Small Business/Self Em20 ployed Division of the Internal Revenue 

21 Service. 

22 ‘‘(B) The Department of Justice and the 

23 following components of the Department: 

24 ‘‘(i) The Criminal Division. 


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1 ‘‘(ii) The Drug Enforcement Adminis2 tration. 

3 ‘‘(iii) The Federal Bureau of Inves4 tigation. 

5 ‘‘(iv) Task Force KleptoCapture. 

6 ‘‘(C) The Department of State and the fol7 lowing components of the Department: 

8 ‘‘(i) The Bureau of International Nar9 cotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. 

10 ‘‘(ii) The Bureau of Western Hemi11 sphere Affairs. 

12 ‘‘(iii) The Bureau of African Affairs. 

13 ‘‘(iv) The Bureau of East Asian and 

14 Pacific Affairs. 

15 ‘‘(v) The Bureau of European and 

16 Eurasian Affairs. 

17 ‘‘(vi) The Bureau of Near Eastern Af18 fairs. 

19 ‘‘(vii) The Bureau of South and Cen20 tral Asian Affairs. 

21 ‘‘(viii) The Bureau of Economic and 

22 Business Affairs. 

23 ‘‘(ix) The Bureau of Diplomatic Secu24 rity. 


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1 ‘‘(D) The following components of the De2 partment of Homeland Security: 

3 ‘‘(i) U.S. Customs and Border Protec4 tion. 

5 ‘‘(ii) The United States Secret Serv6 ice. 

7 ‘‘(iii) The National Intellectual Prop8 erty Rights Coordination Center. 

9 ‘‘(iv) The Trade Transparency Units 

10 program of U.S. Immigration and Customs 

11 Enforcement. 

12 ‘‘(v) The Bulk Cash Smuggling Cen13 ter of U.S. Immigration and Customs En14 forcement. 

15 ‘‘(vi) The Cyber Crimes Center of 

16 Homeland Security Investigations. 

17 ‘‘(E) The National Security Agency. 

18 ‘‘(F) The United States Postal Inspection 

19 Service. 

20 ‘‘(G) The Department of Commerce. 

21 ‘‘(H) The Department of Defense. 

22 ‘‘(I) The Office of the United States Trade 

23 Representative. 

24 ‘‘(J) The Board of Governors of the Fed25 eral Reserve System. 


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1 ‘‘(K) The Commodity Futures Trading 

2 Commission. 

3 ‘‘(L) The Securities and Exchange Com4 mission. 

5 ‘‘(M) The Federal Trade Commission. 

6 ‘‘(N) The Federal Deposit Insurance Cor7 poration. 

8 ‘‘(O) The National Credit Union Adminis9 tration. 

10 ‘‘(3) STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL ENTITIES

11 SPECIFIED.—The State, local, and Tribal entities 

12 specified in this paragraph are the following: 

13 ‘‘(A) Any State bank supervisor (as that 

14 term is defined in section 3 of the Federal De15 posit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)) that the 

16 Executive Associate Director considers appro17 priate. 

18 ‘‘(B) Any State credit union supervisor (as 

19 that term is used in the Federal Credit Union 

20 Act (12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.)) that the Execu21 tive Associate Director considers appropriate. 

22 ‘‘(C) Any State, local, and Tribal law en23 forcement agency that the Executive Associate 

24 Director considers appropriate. 


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1 ‘‘(4) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—The co2 ordination described in paragraph (1) shall supple3 ment, not supplant, the work of existing Federal 

4 agencies, task forces, and working groups. 

5 ‘‘(e) PRIVATE SECTOR OUTREACH.— 

6 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in coordina7 tion with the Deputy Directors appointed under sub8 section (c) by the Attorney General and the Sec9 retary of the Treasury, shall work with the Federal 

10 entities specified in subsection (d)(2) to conduct out11 reach to private sector entities in the United States 

12 in order to exchange information, in real-time or as 

13 soon as practicable, with respect to tactics and 

14 trends being used to conduct illicit cross-border fi15 nancial activity, including such activity that involves 

16 corruption, international commercial trade and coun17 terfeit products, bulk cash smuggling, the illicit use 

18 of digital assets or digital currencies and the dark 

19 web, and financial institutions and designated non20 financial businesses and professions. 

21 ‘‘(2) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 

22 In order to coordinate public and private sector ef23 forts to combat the tactics and trends described in 

24 paragraph (1), the Director, in coordination with the 

25 Deputy Directors appointed under subsection (c) by 


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1 the Attorney General and the Secretary of the 

2 Treasury, shall provide training and technical assist3 ance, as appropriate, regarding best practices for— 

4 ‘‘(A) identifying, reporting, and protecting 

5 against money laundering; and 

6 ‘‘(B) maintaining sensitive financial infor7 mation, which may include suspicious activity 

8 reports and currency transaction reports. 

9 ‘‘(3) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—The ac10 tivities described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall 

11 supplement, not supplant, the work of existing Fed12 eral agencies, task forces, and working groups. 

13 ‘‘(f) INTERNATIONAL OUTREACH.— 

14 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, 

15 acting through the Assistant Secretary of State for 

16 International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Af17 fairs, shall coordinate with the Director of the Cen18 ter and the Deputy Directors of the Center ap19 pointed under subsection (c) by the Attorney Gen20 eral and the Secretary of the Treasury to facilitate 

21 capacity building and perform outreach to law en22 forcement agencies of countries that are partners of 

23 the United States and foreign private industry 

24 stakeholders by developing and providing specialized 

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1 garding illicit cross-border financial activity, includ2 ing such activity that involves corruption, inter3 national commercial trade and counterfeit products, 

4 bulk cash smuggling, the illicit use of digital assets 

5 or digital currencies and the dark web, and financial 

6 institutions and designated nonfinancial businesses 

7 and professions. 

8 ‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out para9 graph (1) in a country, the Secretary of State, act10 ing through the Assistant Secretary of State for 

11 International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Af12 fairs, and in coordination with the Director of the 

13 Center and the Deputy Directors of the Center ap14 pointed under subsection (c) by the Attorney Gen15 eral and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall estab16 lish and maintain relationships with— 

17 ‘‘(A) officials from law enforcement agen18 cies, regulatory authorities, customs authorities, 

19 financial intelligence units, and ministries of fi20 nance in that country; and 

21 ‘‘(B) private industry stakeholders in that 

22 country, including commercial and financial in23 dustry stakeholders most commonly impacted 

24 by illicit cross-border financial activity. 


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1 ‘‘(3) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—The ac2 tivities described in paragraph (1) shall supplement, 

3 not supplant, international training conducted by 

4 other Federal agencies. 

5 ‘‘(4) INFORMATION SHARING.—To the extent 

6 practicable and consistent with other provisions of 

7 law, the Secretary of State, acting through the As8 sistant Secretary of State for International Nar9 cotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, shall work with 

10 the Director and, as appropriate, the Deputy Direc11 tors appointed under subsection (c), to strengthen 

12 international cooperation and information-sharing 

13 agreements with law enforcement agencies of coun14 tries that are partners of the United States regard15 ing combating illicit cross-border financial activity, 

16 including through the enhancement and expansion of 

17 Trade Transparency Units under section 633. 

18 ‘‘(g) REPORT REQUIRED.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not less frequently than 

20 annually, the Director shall submit to the appro21 priate congressional committees a report detailing 

22 the latest trends and techniques utilized to facilitate 

23 illicit cross-border financial activity. 

24 ‘‘(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required by para25 graph (1) shall include— 


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1 ‘‘(A) an assessment of the training pro2 vided to United States and foreign law enforce3 ment agencies under subsection (b)(1)(B), 

4 based upon the metrics developed under sub5 section (b)(1)(C); 

6 ‘‘(B) a summary of the activities conducted 

7 pursuant to subsections (d), (e), and (f); 

8 ‘‘(C) the number and status of investiga9 tions supported by the Center, unless the disclo10 sure of such information would reveal informa11 tion protected by rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules 

12 of Criminal Procedure or a court order; 

13 ‘‘(D) the amount of money and other as14 sets of value in various forms that the United 

15 States Government seized as a result of such 

16 investigations; and 

17 ‘‘(E) the countries with which the Center 

18 has established information-sharing agreements. 

19 ‘‘(3) FORM.—Each report required by para20 graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 

21 but may include information that is classified or law 

22 enforcement sensitive in an annex. 

23 ‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 

2 appropriated to the Secretary of Homeland Security 

3 to establish and maintain the Center— 

4 ‘‘(A) $6,200,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 

5 ‘‘(B) such sums as may be necessary for 

6 each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029. 

7 ‘‘(2) PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS.—None 

8 of the funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant 

9 to the authorization of appropriations under para10 graph (1) may be obligated or expended to carry out 

11 civil immigration enforcement or removal activities. 

12 ‘‘(i) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

13 ‘‘(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT14 TEES.—The term ‘appropriate congressional com15 mittees’ means— 

16 ‘‘(A) the Caucus on International Nar17 cotics Control, the Committee on Finance, the 

18 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban 

19 Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and 

20 the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen21 ate; and 

22 ‘‘(B) the Committee on Ways and Means, 

23 the Committee on Financial Services, the Com24 mittee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on 


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1 Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa2 tives. 

3 ‘‘(2) TRADE-BASED MONEY LAUNDERING.—The 

4 term ‘trade-based money laundering’ means the 

5 process of disguising the proceeds of crime by mov6 ing such proceeds through the use of trade trans7 actions in an attempt to legitimize the illegal origin 

8 of such proceeds or to finance criminal activities. 

9 ‘‘(3) UNITED STATES.—The term ‘United 

10 States’ means the several States, the District of Co11 lumbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Amer12 ican Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern 

13 Mariana Islands, Guam, and the Virgin Islands, and 

14 any federally recognized tribe (as defined in section 

15 4(3)(B) of the Native American Housing Assistance 

16 and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 

17 4103(13)(B)).’’. 

18 SEC. 3. TRADE TRANSPARENCY UNITS PROGRAM. 

19 The Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1304 et seq.), as 

20 amended by section 2, is further amended by inserting 

21 after section 632 the following: 

22 ‘‘SEC. 633. TRADE TRANSPARENCY UNITS PROGRAM. 

23 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Secretary 

24 of Homeland Security, acting through the Executive Asso25 ciate Director of Homeland Security Investigations, shall 


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1 establish a program under which Trade Transparency 

2 Units are established with foreign countries. 

3 ‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of Trade Trans4 parency Units are— 

5 ‘‘(1) to combat transnational criminal organiza6 tions, kleptocrats and oligarchs with respect to 

7 whom the United States has imposed sanctions, pro8 fessional money laundering organizations, and other 

9 criminal or corrupt actors or enablers of criminal or 

10 corrupt activity; and 

11 ‘‘(2) to prevent such persons from exploiting 

12 the international trade and financial infrastructures 

13 to finance criminal acts, evade sanctions or export 

14 controls, evade taxes, tariffs, or customs duties, or 

15 launder criminal or corrupt proceeds, by— 

16 ‘‘(A) developing relationships with foreign 

17 law enforcement agencies and customs authori18 ties; and 

19 ‘‘(B) working through the Department of 

20 State to strengthen international cooperation 

21 and facilitate information-sharing agreements 

22 with foreign countries that provide for the ex23 change of import and export data with agencies 

24 of those countries, and as appropriate, other 

25 United States agencies, which can be used to 


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1 investigate and prosecute international money 

2 laundering and illicit trade cases. 

3 ‘‘(c) ESTABLISHMENT AND COMPOSITION OF

4 UNITS.— 

5 ‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITS.—The Execu6 tive Associate Director, in consultation with the Sec7 retary of State, may establish Trade Transparency 

8 Units in— 

9 ‘‘(A) countries in which money laundering 

10 is prevalent; 

11 ‘‘(B) countries in which corruption is prev12 alent; 

13 ‘‘(C) countries that conduct a high volume 

14 of trade with the United States; 

15 ‘‘(D) countries that have inconsistent trade 

16 figures or high incidences of illicit trade; 

17 ‘‘(E) trade corridors in which one country 

18 that has a currency restriction in place; 

19 ‘‘(F) countries that have been identified as 

20 having substantial volumes of suspicious finan21 cial transactions, based on data obtained under 

22 subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United 

23 States Code; or 

24 ‘‘(G) countries for which the Executive As25 sociate Director, in consultation with the SecVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:49 Dec 05, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3384.IS S3384

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1 retary of State, determines that a Trade Trans2 parency Unit would support the purposes of the 

3 Trade Transparency Units program under this 

4 section. 

5 ‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.— 

6 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Before establishing a 

7 Trade Transparency Unit in a country after the 

8 date of the enactment of the Combating Cross9 border Financial Crime Act of 2023, the Execu10 tive Associate Director shall— 

11 ‘‘(i) ensure the United States and the 

12 government of the country have an active 

13 Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement in 

14 place; 

15 ‘‘(ii) conduct a risk-based assessment 

16 to determine whether the country meets 

17 the criteria described in any of subpara18 graphs (A) through (F) of paragraph (1); 

19 and 

20 ‘‘(iii) work with the United States em21 bassy in the country to establish a trade 

22 data exchange agreement or memorandum 

23 of understanding with the government of 

24 the country that includes, to the greatest 

25 extent practicable, language to provide for 


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1 the sharing of foreign import and export 

2 data with relevant United States agencies. 

3 ‘‘(B) TRANSITION RULE.—The require4 ments under subparagraph (A) do not apply 

5 with respect to a Trade Transparency Unit es6 tablished before the date of the enactment of 

7 the Combating Cross-border Financial Crime 

8 Act of 2023. 

9 ‘‘(3) COMPOSITION.—A Trade Transparency 

10 Unit may be comprised of personnel from— 

11 ‘‘(A) Homeland Security Investigations; 

12 ‘‘(B) other Federal agencies, as appro13 priate; and 

14 ‘‘(C) foreign law enforcement agencies, as 

15 appropriate and pursuant to a trade data ex16 change agreement or memorandum of under17 standing described in paragraph (2)(C). 

18 ‘‘(d) OPERATION.—After a trade data exchange 

19 agreement or memorandum of understanding described in 

20 subsection (c)(2)(A)(iii) is signed with a country, the Ex21 ecutive Associate Director, in consultation with the Sec22 retary of State, may assign Homeland Security Investiga23 tions criminal investigators to the country to provide 

24 training and technical assistance to the country in order 


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1 to operationalize and maintain a Trade Transparency 

2 Unit in that country. 

3 ‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

4 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 

5 appropriated to the Secretary of Homeland Security 

6 $4,100,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 

7 2029 to establish and maintain Trade Transparency 

8 Units. 

9 ‘‘(2) PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS.—None 

10 of the funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant 

11 to the authorization of appropriations under para12 graph (1) may be obligated or expended to carry out 

13 civil immigration enforcement or removal activities.’’. 

14 SEC. 4. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REVIEW 

15 OF BARRIERS TO HARMONIZING DATA SYS16 TEMS OF CERTAIN LAW ENFORCEMENT 

17 AGENCIES. 

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the 

19 date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 

20 of the United States shall submit to the appropriate con21 gressional committees a report detailing the statutory, 

22 technical, and security barriers to harmonizing the data 

23 systems of relevant law enforcement agencies, including 

24 the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 

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1 ment Administration, the United States Secret Service, 

2 the Diplomatic Security Service, the Financial Crimes En3 forcement Network, and U.S. Customs and Border Protec4 tion, to improve data access necessary to facilitate trade5 based money laundering investigations. 

6 (b) ASSESSMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES.—The re7 port required by subsection (a) shall include an assess8 ment of the benefits and feasibility of integrating new 

9 technologies, including distributed ledger technology and 

10 quantum ledger technology, into the processes of U.S. 

11 Customs and Border Protection and the customs services 

12 of foreign jurisdictions with which the United States has 

13 trade agreements in effect in order to facilitate the imme14 diate, secure, and complete transfer between jurisdictions 

15 of lists of goods and related invoices and bills of lading. 

16 (c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

17 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT18 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com19 mittees’’ means— 

20 (A) the Caucus on International Narcotics 

21 Control, the Committee on Finance, the Com22 mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af23 fairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of 

24 the Senate; and 


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1 (B) the Committee on Ways and Means, 

2 the Committee on Financial Services, and the 

3 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 

4 Representatives. 

5 (2) TRADE-BASED MONEY LAUNDERING.—The 

6 term ‘‘trade-based money laundering’’ means the 

7 process of disguising the proceeds of crime by mov8 ing such proceeds through the use of trade trans9 actions in an attempt to legitimize the illegal origin 

10 of such proceeds or to finance criminal activities. 

Æ 


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