TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 11-1121 

________________________________________________________________________ 

CULTURAL PROPERTY 

 

 Memorandum of Understanding 

 Between the 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

and GREECE 

Signed at Athens July 17, 2011 
 NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

 Pursuant to Public Law 89—497, approved July 8, 1966 

(80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)—

“. . .the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued 

under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent 

 evidence . . . of the treaties, international agreements other than 

treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and 

international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be, 

therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime 

jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices of the 

United States, and of the several States, without any further proof 

or authentication thereof.” 
GREECE 

 Cultural Property 

 Memorandum of understanding 

 signed at Athens July 17, 2011; 

 Entered into force November 21, 2011. 
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN 

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

AND 

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC 

CONCERNING THE IMPOSITION OF IMPORT RESTRICTIONS 

ON CATEGORIES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND BYZANTINE 

ECCLESIASTICAL ETHNOLOGICAL MATERIAL THROUGH THE 

15TH CENTURY A.D. 

OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC 

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Hellenic 

Republic (hereinafter also referred to as Greece); 

Acting pursuant to the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting 

and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 

to which both countries are States Party; and 

Desiring to reduce the incentive for pillage of irreplaceable archaeological 

material of Greece representing the Upper Paleolithic Period through the 

15th century A.D., and of Byzantine ecclesiastical ethnological material through the 15th 

century A.D.; 

Have agreed as follows: 

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ARTICLE I 

1. The Government of the United States of America, in accordance with its 

legislation entitled the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act, shall restrict 

the importation into the United States of archaeological material representing the Upper 

Paleolithic Period (beginning approximately 20,000 B.C.) through the 15th century A.D., 

and of ecclesiastical ethnological material representing the Byzantine culture from 

approximately the 4th century through the 15th century A.D., including categories of 

stone, metal, ceramic, bone and ivory, wood and glass artifacts, textile, papyrus, paintings 

(including wall paintings), mosaics and other material identified on a list to be 

promulgated by the United States Government (hereinafter referred to as the Designated 

List), unless the Government of the Hellenic Republic issues a license or other 

documentation which certifies that such exportation was not in violation of its laws. 

2. The Government of the United States of America shall offer for return to the 

Government of the Hellenic Republic any material on the Designated List forfeited to the 

Government of the United States of America. 

3. Such import restrictions shall become effective on the date the Designated List is 

published by the Department of Homeland Security in the U.S. Federal Register, the 

official United States Government publication providing fair public notice. 

ARTICLE II 

1. Representatives of the Government of the United States of America and 

representatives of the Government of the Hellenic Republic shall take appropriate steps to 

publicize this Memorandum of Understanding and the reasons for it through available 

outlets of communication. 

- 2 -
2. The Government of the Hellenic Republic shall consider increasing the capacity 

of the existing units within the Hellenic Police to monitor and protect cultural heritage 

sites throughout the country, and shall also consider improving the existing regulations 

on the use of metal detectors. 

3. The Government of the Hellenic Republic shall continue its best efforts to protect 

its archaeological and ethnological resources through the enhanced enforcement of its 

cultural heritage protection legislation. 

4. The Government of the Hellenic Republic shall take the following steps with 

regard to registration and inventories: 

a. continue to pursue registration of private and local municipal collections; 

and 

b. continue to inventory churches and their holdings. 

5. Both Governments agree that, in order for United States import restrictions to be 

most successful in thwarting pillage, the Government of the Hellenic Republic shall 

endeavor to strengthen cooperation among states within the Mediterranean Region for the 

protection of the cultural patrimony of the region; and shall seek increased cooperation 

from other art-importing states to restrict illicit imports, in an effort to deter further 

pillage. 

6. In order to enhance and promote the national sites inventory, the Government of 

the Hellenic Republic shall take the following steps with regard to archaeological 

surveys: 

a. encourage Greek archaeological teams to conduct additional survey 

projects; and 

- 3 -
b. consider ways of increasing permits issued to foreign archaeological 

missions or schools for the purpose of allowing more surveys. 

7. The Government of the United States of America recognizes that the Government 

of the Hellenic Republic has a long history of permitting the interchange of 

archaeological materials for cultural, exhibition, educational and scientific purposes to 

enable widespread public appreciation of and access to Greece's cultural heritage in 

accordance with the relevant Greek legislation. The Government of the Hellenic 

Republic agrees to use its best efforts to encourage further interchange through: 

a. consideration, as appropriate, of accommodating requests for extended 

loans beyond a five-year period to United States museums for cultural, 

educational, and scientific purposes through the existing renewal process, with 

assurances that a request for renewal will be given highest consideration; and 

b. consideration, as appropriate, of broadening permissions to academicians 

and museum curators from abroad to photograph material in Greek museums, and 

of revising regulations that would reduce fees for the reproduction of images for 

use in cultural, educational, and scientific contexts. 

8. The Government of the United States of America shall establish an appropriate 

webpage with links to the websites of Greek museums for the purpose of fostering 

interchange among peer institutions and other interested parties. 

9. The Government of the United States of America shall use its best efforts to 

facilitate technical assistance in cultural resource management and site security to 

Greece, as appropriate under existing programs in the public and/or private sectors. 

- 4 -
ARTICLE III 

The obligations of both Governments and the activities carried out under this 

Memorandum of Understanding shall be subject to the laws and regulations of each 

Government, as applicable, including the availability of funds. 

ARTICLE IV 

1. This Memorandum of Understanding shall enter into force on the date on which 

the Governments shall have notified each other by diplomatic note that each has 

completed all the internal requirements for its entry into force. It shall remain in force for 

a period of five years. 

2. This Memorandum of Understanding may be amended through an exchange of 

diplomatic notes. 

3. The effectiveness of this Memorandum of Understanding shall be subject to 

review in order to determine, before the expiration of the five-year period of this 

Memorandum of Understanding, whether it should be extended. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective 

Governments, have signed the present Memorandum of Understanding. 

DONE at Athens, this n'&""day of July, 2011, in duplicate, in the English and Greek 

languages, both texts being equally authentic. 

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF 

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 

th l\ 

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