Page 1 of 39

COLORADO 

2022 ANNUAL REPORT 

Disclaimer: This report is the property of the State Department of Transportation (State DOT). The State DOT 

completes the report by entering applicable information into the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Highway 

Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) online reporting tool. Once the State DOT completes the report pertaining to its 

State, it coordinates with its respective FHWA Division Office to ensure the report meets all legislative and regulatory 

requirements. FHWA’s Headquarters Office of Safety then downloads the State’s finalized report and posts it to the 

website (https://highways.dot.gov/safety/hsip/reporting) as required by law (23 U.S.C. 148(h)(3)(A)). 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 2 of 39

Table of Contents

Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................. 3

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence ............................................................. 3

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 4

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 6

Program Structure ................................................................................................................................. 6

Program Administration ..................................................................................................................... 6

Program Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 9

Project Implementation .......................................................................................................................13

Funds Programmed .........................................................................................................................13

General Listing of Projects ..............................................................................................................16

Safety Performance ............................................................................................................................20

General Highway Safety Trends ......................................................................................................20

Safety Performance Targets............................................................................................................26

Applicability of Special Rules...........................................................................................................27

Evaluation ...........................................................................................................................................29

Program Effectiveness ....................................................................................................................29

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements .......................................................30

Project Effectiveness .......................................................................................................................33

Compliance Assessment.....................................................................................................................34

Optional Attachments ..........................................................................................................................38

Glossary ..............................................................................................................................................39
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 3 of 39

Disclaimer

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence 

23 U.S.C. 148(h)(4) states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or 

data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section[HSIP], shall not be subject to discovery or 

admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action 

for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or other data.” 

23 U.S.C. 407 states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data 

compiled or collected for the purpose of identifying, evaluating, or planning the safety enhancement of potential 

accident sites, hazardous roadway conditions, or railway-highway crossings, pursuant to sections 130, 144, 

and 148 of this title or for the purpose of developing any highway safety construction improvement project 

which may be implemented utilizing Federal-aid highway funds shall not be subject to discovery or admitted 

into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for 

damages arising from any occurrence at a location mentioned or addressed in such reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or data.” 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 4 of 39

Executive Summary

The Colorado Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), which is identified as the Strategic Transportation Safety 

Plan (STSP) in Colorado, details the state's vision of zero deaths and serious injuries so all people using any 

transportation mode arrive at their destination safety. 

The number of fatalities in Colorado have increased in calendar year (CY) 2021 with 691 fatalities as 

compared to 622 in the previous year (11 percent increase). With an estimated 11 percent increase in vehicle 

miles traveled (VMT) in CY 2021 (which was close to pre-pandemic levels), fatality rates have remained 

relatively steady at 1.283 fatalities per every 100 million VMT as compared to 1.279 fatalities per every 100 

million VMT in the previous year. The number of motorcyclist fatalities did not increase in CY 2021 but 

remained relatively high with a total of 135 fatalities in CY 2021 as compared to 137 fatalities in the previous 

year. The number and percentage of fatalities involving suspected alcohol or drug impairment increased in CY 

2021 (255 and 37%, respectively) as compared to the previous year (212 and 34%, respectively). The number 

of non-motorized fatalities in CY 2021 (109 total, 94 pedestrian and 15 bicyclist) increased by one as 

compared to the previous year (108 total, 93 pedestrian and 15 bicyclist). Colorado did not meet or make 

significant progress toward achieving its safety performance targets for CY 2020. 

Colorado's HSIP program is administered by the Traffic Safety and Engineering (TSE) Services Branch at 

CDOT headquarters (HQ) under the Office of the Chief Engineer. The TSE staff coordinates with the CDOT 

Office of Transportation Safety (which is the State Highway Safety Office or SHSO) to ensure that safety 

programs align with each other's objectives. The TSE services branch actively engages with regional staff to 

coordinate efforts to research and analyze the need for safety improvements on segments and intersections 

statewide. The group provides subject matter expertise in safety and crash analyses to all roadway projects 

delivered by the Regions. The TSE staff also communicates and works directly with external entities and 

governing bodies such as FHWA, state and local law enforcement officials, other state agencies, metro 

planning organizations (MPO), municipalities, counties, as well as other interested parties. 

Colorado programmed a total of $32,514,541 of Federal HSIP funding (not including state or local match) 

towards safety improvement projects in state fiscal year (FY) 2022. During this reporting period, 33 percent of 

HSIP funding was programmed towards local (non-state highway) safety projects, although much of this will be 

obligated in future fiscal years. 

Impediments preventing greater local agency participation include the following insufficiencies: local agency 

knowledge of the opportunity, readily available data, technical support, cumbersome federal aid program laws 

and regulations, time and matching funds. CDOT recognizes these local agency challenges and has strategies 

planned to address them. Colorado continues to issue annual notices of funding opportunities for local agency 

projects to help improve local participation. 34 HSIP applications across 17 local agencies were received 

during the calendar year 2021-2022 call for projects. Of these 34, 20 applications were approved for HSIP 

funding in the amount of $16.3 million. These local agency projects are planned for FY 2025 construction. In 

addition, the Safety Circuit Rider (SCR) program that was implemented in 2019 continues to support to local 

agencies. The purpose of the SCR is to provide safety related education, training, outreach and support to 

local agency safety stakeholders under the direction of CDOT and in coordination with the Colorado Local 

Technical Assistance Program (LTAP). 

In this reporting period, $11,361,000 was transferred out of the HSIP to CDOT's Strategic Safety Program. The 

Strategic Safety Program is focused on decreasing the frequency and severity of crashes though several 

systemic statewide safety treatments identified to improve safety and operations. This is meant to provide a 

more flexible source of funding for safety improvements projects that may not otherwise practically utilize 

federal funding. The amount transferred is comparable to the amount of section 164 penalty funds that 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 5 of 39

Colorado is required to obligate in federal FY 2022. CDOT continues to work to improve the tracking and 

transparency of HSIP obligation status.

In addition to HSIP, CDOT utilizes other sources of funding for safety improvement projects and treatments. 

The Funding Advancement for Surface Transportation and Economic Recovery Act of 2009 (FASTER) 

established the Road Safety Fund to support the construction, reconstruction, or maintenance roadway 

projects. The state Transportation Commission, a county, or a municipality, determines which projects are 

needed to enhance the safety of a state highway, county road, or city street. The funding dollars are allocated 

based on a statutory formula: 60% to CDOT, 22% to counties, and 18% to municipalities. For CDOT, the 

FASTER Safety Mitigation (FSM) program provides approximately $70 million per year to improve safety along 

state owned highways.
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 6 of 39

Introduction

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose of achieving 

a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 

924.15, States are required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP implementation 

and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent with the HSIP Reporting Guidance dated 

December 29, 2016 and consists of five sections: program structure, progress in implementing highway safety 

improvement projects, progress in achieving safety outcomes and performance targets, effectiveness of the 

improvements and compliance assessment. 

Program Structure

Program Administration 

Describe the general structure of the HSIP in the State. 

Colorado's HSIP program is administered by the Traffic and Safety Engineering (TSE) Services Branch at 

CDOT headquarters (HQ) under the Office of the Chief Engineer. 

Regional CDOT traffic and safety engineering staff work internally and in consort with local agencies to identify 

projects with safety improvement needs. Initial review and analysis occur at this regional level. Upon 

acceptance by the region as a viable and potentially necessary safety project, the region makes a request to 

HQ for final review and analysis and associated HSIP funding eligibility criteria. The HQ TSE staff conducts an 

independent analysis of the project, including a detailed Benefit/Cost analysis, calculation of predicted crashes 

mitigated, a review of crash patterns, and a review of the crash modification factor used. Upon completion of 

final review and quantitative and qualitative analysis by HQ TSE staff of projects submitted by CDOT regional 

traffic safety and engineering, the projects are either approved or denied and budgeted accordingly against the 

projected regional allocation for the fiscal year in which the funding is needed. Through efforts to increase 

safety overall across the state, thorough dialogue between HQ and the requesting region occurs on a projectby-project basis when additional information, background, or data are needed in the event that a project 

appears to fall short of eligibility. Additionally, because projects that are awarded HSIP funding are required to 

address individual areas of focus as defined within the Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), as part of the 

review and analysis process, our group confirms that such projects do in fact fall within the SHSP areas of 

focus. In 2020, the updated SHSP was re-titled the Strategic Transportation Safety Plan (STSP), with the idea 

that it encompasses more than highways in the plan. 

Upon approval of HSIP funding, the CDOT regions are responsible for final project delivery along on-system 

locations. In the event that a local agency is awarded HSIP funding for off-system safety improvements, the 

CDOT regional staff coordinate with such local agencies regarding HSIP funding to enable these local 

agencies to deliver these projects. 

Where is HSIP staff located within the State DOT? 

 Engineering

Statewide administration of the HSIP resides in the TSE branch which is located at Colorado DOT 

headquarters in Denver under the Office of the Chief Engineer. 

How are HSIP funds allocated in a State? 

• Formula via Districts/Regions 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 7 of 39

Planning allocations based on historical crash distribution within each of the five regions in Colorado. 

Region 1 (Denver Metro and Surrounding): 52.9% 

Region 2 (Southeast Colorado): 16.9% 

Region 3 (Northwest Colorado): 9.3% 

Region 4 (Northeast Colorado): 17.2% 

Region 5 (Southwest Colorado): 3.7% 

Describe how local and tribal roads are addressed as part of HSIP. 

Under this program, all public roadways are eligible for participation, including roads on tribal lands; there are 

two tribes in Colorado: Ute Mountain and Southern Ute. Submittals for projects not located along the state 

highway system are solicited from local authorities with the support of the Metropolitan Planning Organizations 

(MPOs) and Transportation Planning Regions (TPRs). Applications for safety improvement projects are 

submitted by local agencies. As with the CDOT Region applications, all submittals will be required to meet the 

minimum criteria as established by the HSIP Procedural Manual. Project applications from local agencies are 

received by the regional traffic offices for review before being forwarded to the HQ TSE for evaluation and 

approval before award notices are issued to the local agencies. The regional traffic offices are requested to 

verify project cost estimates, and when necessary, are also requested to make project cost adjustments with 

the submitting local authorities’ concurrence. Through increased outreach and education by CDOT (in concert 

with internal local agency efforts), it is hopeful that more applications will be received during future calls for 

local agency HSIP projects. 

For planning purposes, approximately half of the HSIP funding is allocated toward off-system locations 

(including tribal lands) to proportionally align with the percentage of statewide crashes occurring off-system. If 

there are not enough off-system safety improvement projects to use the fully allocated amount, the state will 

apply those unused funds for state highway safety improvement projects. CDOT will look to offer more support 

in helping local agencies submit enough projects to account for their full allocation in the future with the help of 

the Safety Circuit Rider (SCR) program which was established in 2019. 

The purpose of the SCR program is to provide safety related education, training, outreach, and support to local 

agency safety stakeholders under the direction of the Colorado Local Technical Assistance Program (CLTAP) 

and CDOT. The need for a SCR program is clearly manifested by the fact that most local agencies in the 

Colorado, particularly the ones in smaller communities, lack resources and technical expertise to identify, 

diagnose, treat safety deficiencies and/or implement adequate countermeasures properly and routinely. These 

resources and tools are typically afforded by CDOT and some of the larger cities and counties in the State. The 

SCR program is designed to greatly enhance technical capabilities at the local level and help bridge existing 

safety related expertise gaps, resulting in overall reduction of crashes on local roads. Local roads typically 

experience about 40% of the statewide annual fatalities. CDOT is also working to promote and develop more 

county and municipal Local Road Safety Plans (LRSP) with the assistance from the SCR program to serve our 

local agency partners better in improving roadways safety for the traveling public. 

Identify which internal partners (e.g., State departments of transportation (DOTs) 

Bureaus, Divisions) are involved with HSIP planning. 

• Design 

• Districts/Regions 

• Governors Highway Safety Office 

• Local Aid Programs Office/Division 

• Maintenance 

• Operations 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 8 of 39

• Planning 

• Traffic Engineering/Safety 

• Other-Office of Financial Management & Budget 

• Other-Division of Transportation Development (DTD) 

Describe coordination with internal partners. 

The CDOT HQ TSE branch actively engages with regional staff to coordinate efforts to research and analyze 

the need for safety improvements on segment and intersections statewide. The group provides subject matter 

expertise in safety and crash analyses to all roadway projects delivered by the Regions. 

The TSE staff periodically produces a statewide composite listing of potential locations for crash reduction is 

compiled for all highway segments and intersections performing at a sub-standard level of service of safety 

(LOSS) as well as identifying crash patterns that are over-represented at those locations. This listing is 

provided to each of the five CDOT regions where their respective traffic units, roadway design staff and 

transportation planners can coordinate and select appropriate safety improvement projects with the goal of 

reducing roadway fatalities and serious injuries. The regions use the listing along with other information such 

as their own operational reviews, input from citizens, staff and city/county personnel as well as other ongoing 

or scheduled construction activities in order to determine the most feasible and beneficial candidate safety 

projects. The region may also choose to nominate other safety project locations besides those mentioned on 

the listing. Applications for new highway safety improvement projects are sent from the regions to the TSE 

branch for evaluation to determine safety program eligibility and level of funding. 

The TSE branch coordinates efforts with the Office of Transportation Safety (OTS) to ensure that safety 

programs align with each other’s objectives. The OTS handles most behavioral safety projects and contributes 

greatly to the Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) implementation and update process, which was updated 

in 2020. The 2020 - 2024 SHSP is called the Strategic Transportation Safety Plan (STSP). The TSE branch 

also coordinates with the Division of Transportation Development (DTD) and the Division of Maintenance & 

Operations (DMO) for information exchange and for better organization to achieve shared safety goals. The 

DTD provides roadway data for all CDOT projects, including roadway characteristics, traffic counts and asset 

management. The DMO attempts to coordinate replacement and maintenance work with safety standards and 

improvements to roadway safety. The TSE branch works with the Office of Financial Management & Budget 

(OFMB) to determine the amount of HSIP funding available for the current fiscal year as well as how much is 

anticipated to be available in future fiscal years for HSIP project planning and scheduling. The TSE branch also 

works with OFMB to obtain status updates on HSIP obligation and expenditure amounts for ongoing projects. 

Identify which external partners are involved with HSIP planning.

• FHWA 

• Governors Highway Safety Office 

• Law Enforcement Agency 

• Local Government Agency 

• Local Technical Assistance Program 

• Regional Planning Organizations (e.g. MPOs, RPOs, COGs) 

• Tribal Agency 

HSIP planning involvement from external partners is mostly limited to generating awareness of HSIP funding 

availability. However, each of these partners are active participants in STSP related activities. 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 9 of 39

Describe coordination with external partners. 

In maintaining consistency for data, analysis, understanding of safety needs statewide, and subsequent 

implementation of safety improvement projects, the CDOT HQ TSE staff communicates and works directly with 

external entities and governing bodies such as FHWA, state and local law enforcement officials, other state 

agencies, MPOs, municipalities, counties, and other interested parties. Additionally, at the regional level, the 

regions coordinate more directly with local government officials, citizens, the media and other stakeholders 

having traffic and safety concerns that are specific to their region. These individual areas of focus enable the 

regions to be more directly in touch with local safety needs for which HSIP funding may be eligible. This leads 

to CDOT's overall ability to integrate HSIP funded solutions utilized within any specific region into the statewide 

efforts to reduce crashes, crash severity, and progress toward the vision of zero deaths and serious injuries. 

The Colorado Strategic Transportation Safety Plan (STSP) is a great tool to unify safety efforts in the state, as 

it is a comprehensive plan for transportation safety. External partners are invited and encouraged to participate 

in the STSP update and subsequent implementation. 

The CDOT HQ TSE staff is involved with the Statewide Traffic Records Advisory Committee (STRAC). The 

STRAC consists of many state and local agencies, including law enforcement, involved in traffic records. The 

STRAC attempts to unify efforts across the state to provide accurate, complete and timely traffic records data, 

which is instrumental to program and project selection and coordination. 

Describe other aspects of HSIP Administration on which the State would like to 

elaborate. 

There is $12,987,018 of section 164 penalty funds assigned to the HSIP which must be obligated during 

federal fiscal year 2022. 

In addition to HSIP, CDOT utilizes other sources of funding for safety improvement projects and treatments. 

The Funding Advancement for Surface Transportation and Economic Recovery Act of 2009 (FASTER) 

established the Road Safety Fund to support the construction, reconstruction, or maintenance roadway 

projects. The state Transportation Commission, a county, or a municipality, determines which projects are 

needed to enhance the safety of a state highway, county road, or city street. The funding dollars are allocated 

based on a statutory formula: 60% to CDOT, 22% to counties, and 18% to municipalities. For CDOT, the 

FASTER Safety Mitigation (FSM) program provides approximately $70 million per year to improve safety along 

state owned highways. 

Program Methodology 

Does the State have an HSIP manual or similar that clearly describes HSIP planning, 

implementation and evaluation processes? 

Yes 

Although most of the fundamental concepts still apply, the current version of HSIP manual does not account for 

all of the new practices recently added or adjusted for the program (i.e. systemic approach, calls for local 

agency projects). Many of these adjustments are based on a FHWA assessment of the program conducted in 

2018. CDOT will look for opportunities to officially update the manual over the next fiscal year. 

Select the programs that are administered under the HSIP.

• HSIP (no subprograms) 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 10 of 39

Program: HSIP (no subprograms)

Date of Program Methodology:9/1/2016

What is the justification for this program? 

• Addresses SHSP priority or emphasis area

• FHWA focused approach to safety

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Other-Regional Distribution By Crash Totals

What data types were used in the program methodology? 

Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• All crashes • Traffic

• Volume • Functional classification

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Crash frequency

• Excess expected crash frequency using SPFs

• Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment

• Excess proportions of specific crash types

• Expected crash frequency with EB adjustment

• Level of service of safety (LOSS)

• Probability of specific crash types

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

Yes

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Competitive application process

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Rank of Priority Consideration

Ranking based on B/C:5
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 11 of 39

Available funding:1

Cost Effectiveness:4

Other-Level Service of Safety Rating:2

Other-Correctable Crash Pattern Identified:2

HSIP funding apportioned for site specific CDOT infrastructure safety projects are generally required to meet a 

minimal level of cost effectiveness (i.e. benefit/cost ratio of 1.0 using crash costs stated below) after meeting 

level of service of safety (LOSS) or overrepresented crash pattern identification (ID) criteria. Funding 

apportioned for site specific local agency infrastructure safety projects are generally required to meet LOSS or 

overrepresented crash pattern ID criteria; however, these projects are ranked by benefit cost ratio through an 

annual competitive process before being awarded HSIP funding. These are also expected to meet a minimal 

benefit/cost ratio of 1.0. 

The cost effectiveness criteria does not necessarily apply to systemic safety projects except for the purpose of 

ranking of these projects in a competitive process. These are typically evaluated more systemically (i.e. 

identification or roadside features or higher risk factors). Funding set asides (up to 25% for each respective 

region) are provided for systemic projects so that they are not measured against other potential site specific 

HSIP projects. 

CDOT State FY 2022 Crash Costs:

Fatality (per person): $1,820,600 

Injury (per person): $101,800 

Property Damage Only (per crash): $11,100 

What percentage of HSIP funds address systemic improvements? 

 25

 HSIP funds are used to address which of the following systemic 

improvements? 

• Cable Median Barriers 

• High friction surface treatment 

• Horizontal curve signs 

• Install/Improve Lighting 

• Install/Improve Pavement Marking and/or Delineation 

• Install/Improve Signing 

• Other-6 inch striping 

• Other-Vulnerable Roadway Users 

• Pavement/Shoulder Widening 

• Rumble Strips 

• Upgrade Guard Rails 

• Wrong way driving treatments 

Up to 25% of HSIP funds can be used to address systemic projects. 

What process is used to identify potential countermeasures? 

• Crash data analysis 

• Data-driven safety analysis tools (HSM, CMF Clearinghouse, SafetyAnalyst, usRAP) 

• Engineering Study 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 12 of 39

• Road Safety Assessment 

• SHSP/Local road safety plan 

• Stakeholder input 

• Other-Independent Research & Peer State Communication 

Does the State HSIP consider connected vehicles and ITS technologies? 

Yes 

Describe how the State HSIP considers connected vehicles and ITS technologies. 

HSIP funding is a consideration for connected vehicle and ITS technology projects which incorporate 

components that are known to mitigate crashes or crash types. Many of these advanced technology 

applications can now be found on the CMF clearinghouse or through other viable research papers. Projects 

with Variable Speed Limit (VSL) technology have been funded with HSIP in recent years. 

Does the State use the Highway Safety Manual to support HSIP efforts? 

Yes 

Please describe how the State uses the HSM to support HSIP efforts. 

Quantitative analysis methodology as described within the 1st Edition (2010) of the Highway Safety Manual 

(HSM) is incorporated into the software, manual techniques, and systemic analysis processes that are 

employed by the CDOT HQ TSE staff who are charged with responsibly determining HSIP funding eligibility for 

safety related projects statewide. Subject matter from the HSM that is incorporated into CDOT's HSIP efforts 

includes but is not limited to the following: Fundamentals, Data Requirements, CMF/CRF Selection, Safety 

Performance Functions(s) (SPF's) Development, Diagnostics, Countermeasure Selection, Economic Appraisal 

(Benefit/Cost analysis), Predictive Methodology, Network Screening, etc. 

Describe other aspects of the HSIP methodology on which the State would like to 

elaborate.

In addition to the HSM methodology that Colorado has incorporated into the HSIP efforts, CDOT and its 

consultants have developed, and continue to develop and refine Safety Performance Functions (SPF's) 

baseline normative crash expectancy details that are specific to Colorado roadways, highways, freeways, 

interchanges, and intersections. CDOT believes this method allows the agency to be better prepared to 

address the specific safety concerns on Colorado roadways with respect to Colorado ADT, specific driving 

conditions, and driving habits.
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 13 of 39

Project Implementation

Funds Programmed 

Reporting period for HSIP funding.

State Fiscal Year

State Fiscal Year 2022 (July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022)

Enter the programmed and obligated funding for each applicable funding category.

FUNDING CATEGORY PROGRAMMED OBLIGATED % 

OBLIGATED/PROGRAMMED

HSIP (23 U.S.C. 148) $24,855,127 $22,035,948 88.66%

HRRR Special Rule (23 

U.S.C. 148(g)(1))

$499,554 $11,769 2.36%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

154)

$0 $0 0%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

164)

$7,159,860 $7,569,501 105.72%

RHCP (for HSIP 

purposes) (23 U.S.C. 

130(e)(2))

$0 $0 0%

Other Federal-aid Funds 

(i.e. STBG, NHPP)

$0 $0 0%

State and Local Funds $0 $0 0%

Totals $32,514,541 $29,617,218 91.09%

Obligation totals may include amounts programmed from previous fiscal years. 

State and local matching funds are not included in this table as these funds are not tracked in the same 

way as the federal funds. 

How much funding is programmed to local (non-state owned and operated) or tribal 

safety projects? 

$10,686,086

How much funding is obligated to local or tribal safety projects? 

$2,306,970

Obligation totals may include amounts programmed from previous fiscal years. 

How much funding is programmed to non-infrastructure safety projects? 

$961,789
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 14 of 39

How much funding is obligated to non-infrastructure safety projects?

$891,602

Obligation totals may include amounts programmed from previous fiscal years.

How much funding was transferred in to the HSIP from other core program areas 

during the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126?

$0

How much funding was transferred out of the HSIP to other core program areas during 

the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126?

$11,361,000

In this reporting period, $11,361,000 was transferred out of the HSIP to CDOT's Strategic Safety Program. The 

Strategic Safety Program is focused on decreasing the frequency and severity of crashes though several 

systemic statewide safety treatments identified to improve safety and operations. This is meant to provide a 

more flexible source of funding for safety improvements projects that may not otherwise practically utilize 

federal funding. The safety treatments include, but are not limited to:

6-inch striping

Median cable rail

Rumble strips, center line and edge line

Variable speed limits for weather events

MASH compliant guardrail

Discuss impediments to obligating HSIP funds and plans to overcome this challenge in 

the future.

CDOT's Office of Financial Management and Budget (OFMB) does not typically obligate HSIP funding until the 

project has invoices submitted while under construction. The purpose of this is limit the possibility of having 

inactive projects. However, this does impact Colorado HSIP obligation rates as this tends to result in delayed 

obligation of funds for HSIP projects. There are longer than expected start up times for safety improvement 

projects, especially those run by local agencies. Special attention will now be given to construction scheduling 

and priority for fund programming will be given to projects that can deliver on a timely basis.

In FY 2022, 33% of HSIP funding was programmed towards local (non-state highway) safety projects. 

Impediments preventing greater local agency participation include the following insufficiencies: local agency 

knowledge of the opportunity, readily available data, technical support, cumbersome federal aid program laws 

and regulations, time and matching funds. 

Colorado continues to issue annual notices of funding opportunities for local agency projects to help improve 

local participation. 34 HSIP applications across 17 local agencies were received during the calendar year 

2021-2022 call for projects. Of these 34, 20 applications were approved for HSIP funding in the amount of 

$16.3 million. These local agency projects are planned for FY 2025 construction. 

Describe any other aspects of the State’s progress in implementing HSIP projects on 

which the State would like to elaborate. 

CDOT's Office of Financial Management & Budget (OFMB) is working with the HSIP program managers to find 

ways to manage Section 164 penalty funds so that those funds can be obligated immediately. It is anticipated 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 15 of 39

that Section 164 penalty funding will continue into future fiscal years in Colorado. OFMB continues to work with 

TSE to provide more transparency to the overall HSIP obligation status. 

CDOT is exploring innovative local agency safety project delivery methods. This could help address some of 

the impediments as discussed in this report.
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 16 of 39

General Listing of Projects

List the projects obligated using HSIP funds for the reporting period.

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMEN

T CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS

OUTPUT 

TYPE

HSIP 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGOR

Y

LAND 

USE/ARE

A TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATIO

N

AADT SPEE

D

OWNERSHI

P

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTIO

N

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

21210 - SH 83 & CNTY RD 404 

SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control – Modern 

Roundabout

1 Intersections $644105 $650000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Principal ArterialOther5,900 65 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

21211 - US24 WILKERSON 

PASS SAFETY 

IMPROVEMENTS

Shoulder 

treatments

Widen shoulder – paved 

or other (includes add 

shoulder)

1.5 Miles $3498035 $4281720 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Rural Minor Arterial 3,200 45 County 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22126 - Various Intersection 

Imps in the COA

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal 

timing – left-turn phasing

5 Intersections $2116800 $2352000 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Urban Principal ArterialOther38,00

0

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22212 - US36:BIKEWAY 

RAMP/INTERSECTION IMPS -

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection geometry -

other

3 Intersections $99000 $210000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther49,00

0

40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22217 - CCD FY18 HSIP PKG 2 

-

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal –

modernization/replacem

ent

7 Intersections $4499997 $4500000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther34,00

0

35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22242 - SH67 SAFETY 

IMPROVEMENTS

Alignment Horizontal curve 

realignment

0.6 Miles $341851 $345000 HRRR 

Special 

Rule (23 

U.S.C. 

148(g)(1))

Rural Minor Arterial 4,100 50 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22247 - US 24 SAFETY 

IMPRVMNTS, E OF 

FLORISSANT.

Alignment Horizontal curve 

realignment

0.25 Miles $1085999 $2061910 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Minor Arterial 6,400 50 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Roadway 

Departure

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22275 - 86TH PKWY & 

KIPLING/58TH AVE & INDEPST

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal –

modernization/replacem

ent

2 Intersections $855000 $950000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 12,45

0

40 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22277 - 44TH AVE & MCINTY 

INTERSECTION IMP Jeff

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal –

modernization/replacem

ent

1 Intersections $405000 $450000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 25,63

6

40 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22278 - 58TH & KIPLING INT 

IMP - City of Arvada

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal –

modernization/replacem

ent

1 Intersections $405000 $450000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 30,09

4

40 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22456 - US 287 & SH 52 

Intersection Impv.

Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify auxiliary 

lanes

1 Intersections $1055244

3

$1061244

0

Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Urban Principal ArterialOther33,00

0

55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 17 of 39

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMEN

T CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS

OUTPUT 

TYPE

HSIP 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGOR

Y

LAND 

USE/ARE

A TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATIO

N

AADT SPEE

D

OWNERSHI

P

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTIO

N

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

22562 - SIGNAL UPGRADE 

SH391@4INTER

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – 

modernization/replacem

ent

4 Intersections $630000 $1660000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther37,00

0

40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22904 - SH75:BOWLES & 

MINERAL INTERSECTION IMP

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – 

modernization/replacem

ent

1 Intersections $628228 $642602 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Minor Arterial 10,00

0

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22946 - SHERIDAN BLVD RTD 

STATION UNDERPASS

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection geometry - 

other

1 Intersections $126773 $8015859 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther53,80

0

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

22949 - AURORA SIGNALS 

2019

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – 

modernization/replacem

ent

1 Intersections $637286 $1286635 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Urban Principal ArterialOther38,00

0

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

23036 - I-70 @ SHERIDAN & 

HARLAN SAFETY

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – 

modernization/replacem

ent

2 Interchanges $1272223 $1668788 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Urban Principal ArterialOther35,00

0

35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

23355 - FEDERAL BLVD & 

US36 TRAFFIC SIGNALS

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection geometry - 

other

2 Intersections $1314091 $1378597 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Urban Principal ArterialOther46,00

0

40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

23426 - R3 Intersection Conflict 

Warning System

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Intersection Conflict 

Warning System (ICWS)

3 Intersections $261574 $270686 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Minor Arterial 2,300 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Advanced 

Technology & 

ITS

23474 - US-85 HIGHLANDS 

RANCH PKWY TO DAD CLARK

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – 

modernization/replacem

ent

1 Intersections $500000 $4009125

0

HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther46,00

0

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

23675 - I-70 Median Cable Rail 

MP 97-99, 102-108

Roadside Barrier – cable 7.1 Miles $3840897 $3848928 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialInterstate28,00

0

75 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

23676 - I-70 Med Cable Rail 

MP159-160, 182-183

Roadside Barrier – cable 1.9 Miles $1301144 $1905927 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialInterstate30,00

0

75 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

23691 - SAFETY 

ASSESSMENT SERVICES - 

MULLER

Miscellaneous Road safety audits 7 Road safety 

audits

$158944 $158944 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

Data Road safety 

audits

23780 - US287:RESURFACING 

I-70 TO 92ND AVE

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

backplates with 

retroreflective borders

11 Intersections $899999 $1372000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther45,00

0

40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

23803 - APEX SPF 

DEVELOPMENT

Miscellaneous Data analysis 7 SPF Models $226155 $227405 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

Data Data Analysis
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 18 of 39

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMEN

T CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS

OUTPUT 

TYPE

HSIP 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGOR

Y

LAND 

USE/ARE

A TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATIO

N

AADT SPEE

D

OWNERSHI

P

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTIO

N

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

23877 - Signal Upgrades at 17 

Intersections

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

17 Intersections $805860 $895400 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 54,00

0

40 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24053 - US 24 JOHNSON 

VILLAGE EAST DEER 

FENCING

Miscellaneous Animal-related 6 Miles $1533349 $3119548 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Rural Minor Arterial 10,00

0

45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic AnimalrelatedProven 

Countermeasu

re

24115 - SH224: US-36 TO US-6 

OVERLAY

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control – new 

traffic signal

1 Intersections $367999 $1850100 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 29,00

0

40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24116 - SAFETY CIRCUIT 

RIDER 2020-2021

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous - other 1 Safety Circuit 

Rider

$188407 $188408 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

Safety 

Circuit 

Rider

Safety Circuit 

Rider

24159 - FLOYD AVE & S ELATI 

ST INTERSECTION IMPP

Intersection 

geometry

Splitter island – install on 

one or more approaches

1 Intersections $328500 $365000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 5,500 25 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24186 - HSIP PROJECT - 

DARTMOUTH/LOGAN/DOWNI

NG-M

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control – Modern 

Roundabout

3 Intersections $180000 $200000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Major Collector 6,500 30 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24258 - Parkway Dr - Acres 

Green Dr Sig Imp - Ci

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify control – new 

traffic signal

1 Intersections $644700 $921000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 10,25

4

35 City or 

Municipal 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24305 - PERRY PK RD - 

TRAFFIC SAFETY 

IMPROVEMENT

Roadway Rumble strips – edge or 

shoulder

18.7 Miles $2148300 $2387000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Major Collector 1,441 50 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24307 - Alameda Avenue 

Corridor Improvements: Fe

Access 

management

Raised island - install 

new

0.9 Miles $218769 $222700 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther31,00

0

35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24322 - PEORIA ST 

INTERSECTION 

IMPROVEMENTS

Access 

management

Raised island - install 

new

3 Intersections $479700 $533000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 12,00

0

35 County 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24352 - Region 4 Ped & Bicycle 

Safety Study

Miscellaneous Transportation safety 

planning

1 Study $298092 $304212 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

Pedestrians Transportation 

Safety 

Planning

24394 - SH30 @ HAMPDEN 

TURN LANE

Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify auxiliary 

lanes

1 Intersections $409998 $410000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Minor Arterial 19,00

0

55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Decelaration 

Lane
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 19 of 39

PROJECT NAME IMPROVEMEN

T CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS

OUTPUT 

TYPE

HSIP 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJEC

T 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGOR

Y

LAND 

USE/ARE

A TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATIO

N

AADT SPEE

D

OWNERSHI

P

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTIO

N

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

24510 - Federal Blvd & Amherst 

Ave HAWK Signal

Pedestrians 

and bicyclists

Pedestrian hybrid 

beacon

1 Intersections $211500 $235000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther22,00

0

40 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Pedestrians HAWK Signal

24695 - COLORADO BLVD & 

ALAMEDA AVE SAFETY

Intersection 

traffic control

Modify traffic signal – add 

flashing yellow arrow

3 Intersections $716286 $716287 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther47,00

0

35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

countermeasur

e

24704 - FY22 STSP 

IMPLEMENTATION

Miscellaneous SHSP Development 1 SHSP 

Implementatio

n

$515230 $515231 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

SHSP 

Developme

nt

SHSP 

Development

24717 - SAFETY 

ASSESSMENT SERVICES - 

MULLER

Miscellaneous Road safety audits 7 Road safety 

audits

$149999 $150000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

Data Road safety 

audits

24732 - R1 PEDESTRIAN 

SAFETY ANALYSIS

Miscellaneous Transportation safety 

planning

1 Study $354999 $355000 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

Pedestrians Transportation 

Safety 

Planning

24798 - CO 392 & Weld CR 35 Intersection 

geometry

Add/modify auxiliary 

lanes

1 Intersections $99999 $100000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Minor Arterial 7,100 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersection

s

Proven 

Countermeasu

re

24816 - SAFETY 

ASSESSMENT SERVICES - 

STOLFUS

Miscellaneous Road safety audits 3 Road safety 

audits

$149999 $150000 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

N/A N/A 0 0 NonInfrastructur

e

Noninfrastructur

e

Data Road safety 

audits
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 20 of 39

Safety Performance

General Highway Safety Trends 

Present data showing the general highway safety trends in the State for the past five 

years.

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Fatalities 482 488 547 608 648 632 597 622 691

Serious Injuries 3,215 3,222 3,200 3,049 3,029 3,406 3,194 2,848 3,387

Fatality rate (per 

HMVMT)

1.026 0.996 1.085 1.116 1.214 1.171 1.093 1.279 1.283

Serious injury rate (per 

HMVMT)

6.845 6.577 6.345 5.929 5.712 6.313 5.846 5.855 6.291

Number non-motorized 

fatalities

64 75 78 100 108 112 96 108 109

Number of nonmotorized serious 

injuries

478 471 487 475 475 465 444 360 465
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 21 of 39

 

Annual Fatalities

 

 

Annual Serious Injuries

 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 22 of 39

 

Fatality rate (per HMVMT)

 

 

Serious injury rate (per HMVMT)

 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 23 of 39

Describe fatality data source. 

State Motor Vehicle Crash Database

There should be little to no variation in fatality counts between the Colorado crash database and FARS. 

To the maximum extent possible, present this data by functional classification and 

ownership. 

Year 2021

Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - 

Interstate

40.8 0.84

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other

89.6 2

Rural Minor Arterial 46.2 2.22

Rural Minor Collector 15.6 1.96

 

Non Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries

 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 24 of 39

Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Major Collector 37.4 2.01

Rural Local Road or 

Street

25.4 1.6

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - 

Interstate

56.6 0.59

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

21 0.39

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other

160.2 1.75

Urban Minor Arterial 74.8 1.18

Urban Minor Collector

Urban Major Collector 25.8 0.94

Urban Local Road or 

Street

33.6 0.9
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 25 of 39

Year 2021

Roadways Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

State Highway 

Agency

379.6 1,669

County Highway 

Agency

92.2 388.8

Town or Township 

Highway Agency

2.2

City or Municipal 

Highway Agency

161.4 1,126

State Park, Forest, or 

Reservation Agency

Local Park, Forest or 

Reservation Agency

0

Other State Agency

Other Local Agency

Private (Other than 

Railroad)

Railroad

State Toll Authority

Local Toll Authority

Other Public 

Instrumentality (e.g. 

Airport, School, 

University)

Indian Tribe Nation 0.2

Serious injuries by functional class are not available in the CDOT crash database. Fatalities by roadway 

ownership were taken from FARS from 2015-2021. Fatalities before 2015 and serious injuries by roadway 

ownership were taken from the CDOT crash database. HMVMT by roadway ownership is not available for rate 

calculations. 

Provide additional discussion related to general highway safety trends.

The percentage of rural fatalities increased to 44% in 2021 (as compared to 38% in 2020 and 41% in 2019) 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 26 of 39

The percentage of off-system (locally owned, non-state highway) decreased to 37% in 2021 (as compared to 

40% in 2020 and 43% in 2019), although the total number of off-system fatalities did increase to 259 in 2021 

(as compared to 248 in 2020 and 255 in 2019)

The percentage of fatalities involving suspected alcohol or drug impairment increase to 37% in 2021 (as 

compared to 34% in 2020 and 29% in 2019)

Safety Performance Targets

Safety Performance Targets

Calendar Year 2023 Targets *

Number of Fatalities:668.0

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

The CDOT Office of Transportation Safety (OTS, which is also the SHSO) and the CDOT Traffic Safety and 

Engineering Services (TSE) branch coordinate with the Colorado Department of Health and Environment to 

evaluate historical crash data and develop various trend models. The OTS and TSE branch then evaluate the 

results, consider factors like the SHSP goals, and then agree what to set for the CY 2023 targets.

Number of Serious Injuries:3041.0

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

The CDOT Office of Transportation Safety (OTS, which is also the SHSO) and the CDOT Traffic Safety and 

Engineering Services (TSE) branch coordinate with the Colorado Department of Health and Environment to 

evaluate historical crash data and develop various trend models. The OTS and TSE branch then evaluate the 

results, consider factors like the SHSP goals, and then agree what to set for the CY 2023 targets.

Fatality Rate:1.262

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

The CDOT Office of Transportation Safety (OTS, which is also the SHSO) and the CDOT Traffic Safety and 

Engineering Services (TSE) branch coordinate with the Colorado Department of Health and Environment to 

evaluate historical crash data and develop various trend models. The OTS and TSE branch then evaluate the 

results, consider factors like the SHSP goals, and then agree what to set for the CY 2023 targets.

Serious Injury Rate:5.794

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

The CDOT Office of Transportation Safety (OTS, which is also the SHSO) and the CDOT Traffic Safety and 

Engineering Services (TSE) branch coordinate with the Colorado Department of Health and Environment to 

evaluate historical crash data and develop various trend models. The OTS and TSE branch then evaluate the 

results, consider factors like the SHSP goals, and then agree what to set for the CY 2023 targets.

Total Number of Non-Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries:548.0
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 27 of 39

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

The CDOT Office of Transportation Safety (OTS, which is also the SHSO) and the CDOT Traffic Safety and 

Engineering Services (TSE) branch coordinate with the Colorado Department of Health and Environment to 

evaluate historical crash data and develop various trend models. The OTS and TSE branch then evaluate the 

results, consider factors like the SHSP goals, and then agree what to set for the CY 2023 targets.

Describe efforts to coordinate with other stakeholders (e.g. MPOs, SHSO) to establish 

safety performance targets. 

CDOT has memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the MPOs which details each agency's roles and 

responsibilities in this process. There are statewide meetings with the MPOs that set aside time to present 

data, review CDOT’s process, and provide assistance in the establishment of individual MPO goals or adoption 

of the statewide goals. The MPOs continue to work toward establishing their targets or adopting CDOT’s 

targets. CDOT will continue to coordinate with these organizations to support this effort. The HSIP safety 

performance targets data source is the same as the HSP.

Does the State want to report additional optional targets? 

No

Describe progress toward meeting the State’s 2021 Safety Performance Targets (based 

on data available at the time of reporting). For each target, include a discussion of any 

reasons for differences in the actual outcomes and targets.

PERFORMANCE MEASURES TARGETS ACTUALS

Number of Fatalities 603.0 638.0

Number of Serious Injuries 3161.0 3172.8

Fatality Rate 1.113 1.208

Serious Injury Rate 5.828 6.003

Non-Motorized Fatalities and 

Serious Injuries

551.0 548.4

As compared to 2019, the number of fatalities has increased both in 2020 and 2021 under pandemic 

conditions. Increases in pedestrian, motorcycle and impaired fatalities have seen an increase in 2020 and 

2021, in which the state seeks to focus on mitigating through its various safety programs and initiatives. The 

number of serious injuries did decrease in 2020, but had risen above 2019 levels in 2021.

CDOT has continued to administer its safety programs as effectively as possible to ensure selection of the 

most effective infrastructure and behavioral projects as well as implementing strategies such as six inch 

striping, cable rail, guardrail, rumble strips, increasing seat belt use and reducing impaired driving. TSE 

continues to coordinate with OTS in addressing safety holistically.

Applicability of Special Rules

Does the HRRR special rule apply to the State for this reporting period? 

No
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 28 of 39

Provide the number of older driver and pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries 65 

years of age and older for the past seven years.

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Fatalities

110 162 163 151 153 138 145

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Serious 

Injuries

494 502 510 587 623 656 581
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 29 of 39

Evaluation

Program Effectiveness 

How does the State measure effectiveness of the HSIP? 

• Benefit/Cost Ratio 

• Other-Before and After Studies 

Based on the measures of effectiveness selected previously, describe the results of 

the State's program level evaluations. 

Overall, the HSIP in Colorado has had a positive impact on reducing crashes at select locations. CDOT 

routinely evaluates the observed crash history at locations after an HSIP project has been implemented. 

Correction for the regression to the mean bias using Empirical Bayes method is applied in each study. The 

output of each evaluation is a calculated benefit/cost (B/C) ratio of the project which helps CDOT assess the 

effectiveness of the HSIP. Crash reduction factors for specific crash types are also calculated in these 

analyses. 

Prior to this reporting period, 77 completed HSIP projects have been evaluated. Each project has sufficient 

post-installation crash data available (typically three to five years) to determine a realized B/C ratio which was 

then compared to those calculated at the time of project HSIP eligibility review. The projects evaluated 

cumulatively had a predicted B/C average (cost weighted) of 2.40 and an observed B/C average (cost 

weighted) of 5.89. 

In this reporting period, CDOT has continued this practice by initiating a new before/after study of 

approximately 30 HSIP projects. A final report describing the findings of this endeavor is anticipated to be 

completed in late 2022 / early 2023. The projects chosen by CDOT for analysis are located on state highways 

and non-state highways and cover a variety of safety improvements to both roadways and intersections. 

Roadway improvements included median barriers and improvements, guard rail, curve realignment and slope 

flattening, ITS improvements, wildlife protection, and ramp metering. Intersection improvements analyzed 

included new signals, signal upgrades (such as larger signal heads and replacing old span-wire signals), 

geometric improvements, and roundabouts. 

While most of the HSIP projects analyzed in the study have shown significant safety benefits, some showed 

deterioration in safety. It is essential to complete these studies to understand the impacts of different 

improvement types and why the initially predicted safety improvements are not always observed following 

construction. CDOT has institutionalized this process and routinely performs a before/after safety analysis 

evaluation of safety performance for projects constructed as crash data becomes available. Analyzing safety 

performance of projects before and after completion allows CDOT to make better and more informed decisions 

for future projects, thereby maximizing the positive impact of the limited safety improvement funding that is 

available. 

The completed reports are available at: 

https://www.codot.gov/safety/traffic-safety/programs-and-analysis/hsip 

What other indicators of success does the State use to demonstrate effectiveness and 

success of the Highway Safety Improvement Program? 

• HSIP Obligations 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 30 of 39

• Increased awareness of safety and data-driven process 

• Increased focus on local road safety 

• More systemic programs 

• Other-Realized Positive B/C Ratio 

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements 

Present and describe trends in SHSP emphasis area performance measures. 

Year 2021

SHSP Emphasis Area Targeted Crash 

Type

Number of 

Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of 

Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury 

Rate

 (per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Lane Departure (Severe 

Crash Mitigation)

69.4 193.4 0.13 0.37

Roadway Departure 

(Severe Crash 

Mitigation)

231.6 925.2 0.44 1.75

Intersections (Severe 

Crash Mitigation)

185.6 1,340.2 0.35 2.53

Pedestrian (Vulnerable 

Roadway Users)

89 303.6 0.17 0.57

Bicyclists (Vulnerable 

Roadway Users)

17.6 136.6 0.03 0.26

Motorcyclists 

(Vulnerable Roadway 

Users)

116 554 0.22 1.05

Work Zone (Vulnerable 

Roadway Users)

9.8 39.4 0.02 0.07
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 31 of 39

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Lane

Departure

(Severe

Crash

Mitigation)

Roadway

Departure

(Severe

Crash

Mitigation)

Intersections

(Severe

Crash

Mitigation)

Pedestrian

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Bicyclists

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Motorcyclists

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Work Zone

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Fatalities

Number of Fatalities 

5 Year Average

2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021

Lane

Departure

(Severe

Crash

Mitigation)

Roadway

Departure

(Severe

Crash

Mitigation)

Intersections

(Severe

Crash

Mitigation)

Pedestrian

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Bicyclists

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Motorcyclists

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Work Zone

(Vulnerable

Roadway

Users)

Serious Injuries

Number of Serious Injuries 

5 Year Average

2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 32 of 39

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Fatality Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average

2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021

2

2.5

3

Serious Injury Rate

Serious Injury Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average

2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020 2017-2021
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 33 of 39

Project Effectiveness 

Provide the following information for previously implemented projects that the State evaluated this reporting period. 

LOCATION FUNCTIONAL 

CLASS

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY

IMPROVEMENT 

TYPE

PDO

BEFORE

PDO

AFTER

FATALITY

BEFORE

FATALITY

AFTER

SERIOUS 

INJURY

BEFORE

SERIOUS 

INJURY

AFTER

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

BEFORE

ALL OTHER 

INJURY

AFTER

TOTAL

BEFORE

TOTAL

AFTER

EVALUATION 

RESULTS

(BENEFIT/COST 

RATIO)

US 550 (MP 

107.00-

111.00)

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - 

Other

Miscellaneous Animal-related 18.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 19.00 14.00 0.24

SH 83/ Parker 

Rd (MP 69.39-

70.57) Lehigh 

Ave to I-225A

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - 

Interstate

Roadside Barrier – 

concrete

7.00 7.00 1.00 14.00 1.00 22.00 8.00 5.91

SH 93 (MP 

7.57-11.78) 

SH 72 - SH 

128

Urban 

Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - 

Other

Advanced 

technology and 

ITS

Dynamic 

message signs

54.00 39.00 1.00 2.00 4.00 8.00 23.00 25.00 82.00 74.00 1.42

In the interest of being concise for this portion of this annual HSIP report, we have only provided a couple of examples; however, for more information or further examples of various HSIP projects for which before and after studies were 

completed, please review the reports entitled "2015 Study", "2016 Study" and "2019 Study" on the following CDOT public website: 

https://www.codot.gov/safety/traffic-safety/programs-and-analysis/hsip
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 34 of 39

Compliance Assessment

What date was the State’s current SHSP approved by the Governor or designated State representative? 

 04/24/2020

What are the years being covered by the current SHSP? 

From: 2020 To: 2023

When does the State anticipate completing it’s next SHSP update? 

 2024

Referred to as the "Strategic Transportation Safety Plan" in Colorado. 

https://www.codot.gov/safety/stsp/main 

Provide the current status (percent complete) of MIRE fundamental data elements collection efforts using the table below. 

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

ROADWAY SEGMENT Segment Identifier 

(12) [12]

100 100 100 100 100 100

Route Number (8) 

[8]

100 100

Route/Street Name 

(9) [9]

100 100

Federal Aid/Route 

Type (21) [21]

100 100

Rural/Urban 

Designation (20) [20]

100 100 100 100

Surface Type (23) 

[24]

100 100 100 100

Begin Point 

Segment Descriptor 

(10) [10]

100 100 100 100 100 100

End Point Segment 

Descriptor (11) [11]

100 100 100 100 100 100

Segment Length 

(13) [13]

100 100

Direction of 

Inventory (18) [18]

100 100

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100 100 100 100 100 100
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 35 of 39

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

Median Type (54) 

[55]

100

Access Control (22) 

[23]

100 100

One/Two Way 

Operations (91) [93]

100 100

Number of Through 

Lanes (31) [32]

100 100 100 100

Average Annual 

Daily Traffic (79) [81]

100 100 100 100

AADT Year (80) [82] 100 50

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100 50 100 100 100 100

INTERSECTION Unique Junction 

Identifier (120) [110]

100 25

Location Identifier 

for Road 1 Crossing 

Point (122) [112]

100 25

Location Identifier 

for Road 2 Crossing 

Point (123) [113]

100 25

Intersection/Junction 

Geometry (126) 

[116]

100 100

Intersection/Junction 

Traffic Control (131) 

[131]

100 100

AADT for Each 

Intersecting Road 

(79) [81]

100 50

AADT Year (80) [82] 100 50

Unique Approach 

Identifier (139) [129]

INTERCHANGE/RAMP Unique Interchange 

Identifier (178) [168]

100

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

100
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 36 of 39

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (197) [187]

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

Ending Ramp 

Terminal (201) [191]

100

Ramp Length (187) 

[177]

100

Roadway Type at 

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (195) [185]

100

Roadway Type at 

End Ramp Terminal 

(199) [189]

100

Interchange Type 

(182) [172]

100

Ramp AADT (191) 

[181]

100

Year of Ramp AADT 

(192) [182]

100

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100

Totals (Average Percent Complete): 100.00 88.89 87.50 46.88 100.00 0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

Describe actions the State will take moving forward to meet the requirement to have complete access to the MIRE fundamental data elements on all public roads by September 30, 2026. 

CDOT currently has approximately 20,000 State owned and non-state owned intersection/junctions (with approximately 6,950 that we need to collect MIRE data for), 437 interchanges, 9,180 non-local paved roadway segments, 76,766 

paved local roadway segments and 39,372 unpaved local segments. Of the data elements required, CDOT has the vast majority of them available through on-going collection programs. Notable exceptions are: 

· AADT numbers for Rural Collector and Local paved roadway segments; 

Due to the magnitude involved with collecting the missing data elements and the potential system changes that will need to be made, CDOT intends to utilize in-house personnel and contractors to perform the work during the next fiscal 

year. We have identified a tool called Intersection Manager that will be implemented this fall that will assist us to manage the intersections as an object that will encompass all required elements, the majority of which will be extrapolated 

from existing data eliminating a manual process of populating data already within the system. 

MIRE Fundamental Data Elements for Non-Local (Based on Functional Classification) Paved Roads 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 37 of 39

Roadway segment CDOT 

Segment Identifier (12) Currently available for all public roads 

Route Number (8) Currently available for all public roads 

Route/street Name (9) Currently available for all public roads 

Federal Aid/Route Type (21) Currently available for all public roads 

Rural/Urban Designation (20) Currently available for all public roads 

Surface Type (23) Currently available for all public roads 

Begin Point Segment Descriptor (10) Currently available for all public roads 

End Point Segment Descriptor (11) Currently available for all public roads 

Segment Length (13) Currently available for all public roads 

Direction of Inventory (18) Currently available for all public roads 

Functional Class (19) Currently available for all public roads 

Median Type (54) Currently available for all On-System roadways and HPMS segments. Collection completed on the paved non-local OffSystem roads. 

Access Control (22) Currently available for all public roads 

One/Two-Way Operations (91) Currently available for all public roads 

Number of Through Lanes (31) Currently available for all public roads 

Average Annual Daily Traffic (79) Currently available for all fed-aid roads. Will have to collect for Rural Collector roadway segments 

AADT Year (80) Currently available for all fed-aid roads. Will have to collect for Rural Collector roadway segments 

Type of Governmental Ownership (4) Currently available for all public roads 

Intersection CDOT 

Unique Junction Identifier (120) Currently available 

Location Identifier for Road 1 Crossing Point (122) Currently available 

Location Identifier for Road 2 Crossing Point (123) Currently available 

Intersection/Junction Geometry (126) Currently available for On-System. Collection completed on the paved non-local OffSystem roads 

Intersection/Junction Traffic Control (131) Currently available for On-System. Collection completed on the paved non-local OffSystem roads 

AADT (79) [for Each Intersecting Road] Currently available for all fed-aid roads. Will have to collect for Rural Collector roadway segments 

AADT Year (80) [for Each Intersecting Road] Currently available for all fed-aid roads. Will have to collect for Rural Collector roadway segments 

Unique Approach Identifier (139) Will need to be created for all paved non-local roads 

Interchange/Ramp CDOT 

Unique Interchange Identifier (178) Currently available 

Location Identifier for Roadway at Beginning Ramp Terminal (197) Currently available 

Location Identifier for Roadway at Ending Ramp Terminal (201) Currently available 

Ramp Length (187) Currently available 

Roadway Type at Beginning Ramp Terminal (195) Element can be extracted from existing data 

Roadway Type at Ending Ramp Terminal (199) Element can be extracted from existing data 

Interchange Type (182) Currently available 

Ramp AADT (191) Currently available 

Year of Ramp AADT (192) Currently available 

Functional Class (19) Element can be extracted from existing data 

Type of Governmental Ownership (4) Element can be extracted from existing data 
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 38 of 39

Optional Attachments

Program Structure:

HSIP_2016.pdf

Project Implementation:

Safety Performance:

Evaluation:

Compliance Assessment:
2022 Colorado Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 39 of 39

Glossary

5 year rolling average: means the average of five individuals, consecutive annual points of data 

(e.g. annual fatality rate).

Emphasis area: means a highway safety priority in a State’s SHSP, identified through a data-driven, 

collaborative process.

Highway safety improvement project: means strategies, activities and projects on a public road 

that are consistent with a State strategic highway safety plan and corrects or improves a hazardous 

road location or feature or addresses a highway safety problem.

HMVMT: means hundred million vehicle miles traveled.

Non-infrastructure projects: are projects that do not result in construction. Examples of noninfrastructure projects include road safety audits, transportation safety planning activities, 

improvements in the collection and analysis of data, education and outreach, and enforcement 

activities.

Older driver special rule: applies if traffic fatalities and serious injuries per capita for drivers and 

pedestrians over the age of 65 in a State increases during the most recent 2-year period for which 

data are available, as defined in the Older Driver and Pedestrian Special Rule Interim Guidance 

dated February 13, 2013.

Performance measure: means indicators that enable decision-makers and other stakeholders to 

monitor changes in system condition and performance against established visions, goals, and 

objectives.

Programmed funds: mean those funds that have been programmed in the Statewide Transportation 

Improvement Program (STIP) to be expended on highway safety improvement projects.

Roadway Functional Classification: means the process by which streets and highways are 

grouped into classes, or systems, according to the character of service they are intended to provide.

Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP): means a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary plan, based on 

safety data developed by a State Department of Transportation in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 148.

Systematic: refers to an approach where an agency deploys countermeasures at all locations across 

a system.

Systemic safety improvement: means an improvement that is widely implemented based on high 

risk roadway features that are correlated with specific severe crash types.

Transfer: means, in accordance with provisions of 23 U.S.C. 126, a State may transfer from an 

apportionment under section 104(b) not to exceed 50 percent of the amount apportioned for the fiscal 

year to any other apportionment of the State under that section.