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                Pg 99-113: A Review of Pedestrian Safety Research in the United States and Abroad
  
  **Comment:**
      Studies related to the effect of traffic calming on reducing pedestrian crashes. Measures include: Street closures, cul-de-sacs, Diverters (diagonal or semi-diagonal), Traffic circles, Woonerfs, Chicanes, Flares, chokers, Speed Hump, Speed limit signs and speed zones, Speed watch and enforcement programs, Walkways, Parking controls, and Other signage. Also discusses traffic diversion. 
    
          **Last Updated (Year):** 2004
    
          **Year Produced:** 2004
    
          **Abstract**:The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of research studies on pedestrian safety in the United States;some foreign research also is included. Readers will find details of pedestrian crash characteristics, measures of  pedestrian exposure and hazard, and specific roadway features and their effects on pedestrian safety. Such features include crosswalks and alternative crossing treatments, signalization, signing, pedestrian refuge islands, provisions for pedestrians with disabilities, bus stop location, school crossing measures, reflectorization and conspicuity, gradeseparated crossings, traffic-calming measures, and sidewalks and paths. Pedestrian educational and enforcement programs also are discussed.
This report is an update resulting from two earlier reports. The most recent was Synthesis of Safety Research: Pedestrians, by C.V. Zegeer (FHWA-SA-91-034, Aug. 1991). The earlier work was Chapter 16, “Pedestrian Ways” by R.C. Pfefer, A. Sorton, J. Fegan, and M.J. Rosenbaum, which was published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements (from Volume 2, Dec. 1982). This updated report includes results from numerous studies, foreign and domestic. A review of pedestrian safety research from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom is given at: www.walkinginfo.org/rd/international.htm.

    
          **For:**Walking
    
          **The E's:**Evaluation, Engineering
    
          **Ped Bike Activity:**
      DesignAssessment**Ped Bike Topic:**
      StatisticsSafetyRoad DietResearchInjuriesDataCrashesCountermeasures**Facility Type:**Traffic Calming, Speed Hump, Signage, Curb Extension
    
    
          **Urban Context:**Collector, Arterial
    
          **Resource Type:**
      Guidance**Link to Content Source:**
                          A Review of Pedestrian Safety Research in the United States and Abroad U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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