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HAWAII

HIGHWAY SAFETY 

IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 

2021 ANNUAL REPORT

U.S. Department ofTransportation 

Federal Highway Administration 

Photo source: Federal Highway Administration
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Table of Contents

Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................. 3

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence............................................................. 3

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 4

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 5

Program Structure................................................................................................................................. 5

Program Administration..................................................................................................................... 5

Program Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 7

Project Implementation .......................................................................................................................10

Funds Programmed.........................................................................................................................10

General Listing of Projects ..............................................................................................................12

Safety Performance ............................................................................................................................14

General Highway Safety Trends......................................................................................................14

Safety Performance Targets............................................................................................................20

Applicability of Special Rules...........................................................................................................22

Evaluation ...........................................................................................................................................23

Program Effectiveness ....................................................................................................................23

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements .......................................................23

Project Effectiveness.......................................................................................................................27

Compliance Assessment ....................................................................................................................28

Optional Attachments..........................................................................................................................31

Glossary..............................................................................................................................................32
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Disclaimer

Protection of Data from Discovery Admission into Evidence

23 U.S.C. 148(h)(4) states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or 

data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section[HSIP], shall not be subject to discovery or 

admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action 

for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or other data.

23 U.S.C. 148(h)(4) states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or 

data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section[HSIP], shall not be subject to discovery or 

admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action 

for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports, surveys, 

schedules, lists, or other data.23 U.S.C. 409 states “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, 

surveys, schedules, lists, or data compiled or collected for the purpose of identifying, evaluating, or planning 

the safety enhancement of potential accident sites, hazardous roadway conditions, or railway-highway 

crossings, pursuant to sections 130, 144, and 148 of this title or for the purpose of developing any highway 

safety construction improvement project which may be implemented utilizing Federal-aid highway funds shall 

not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for 

other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location mentioned or addressed in 

such reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data.”
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Executive Summary

State of Hawaii 2020 U.S.C. 148(g) Annual Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) report.

The primary objective of HDOT's HSIP is to incorporate highway safety to reduce the number and severity of 

fatalities and injuries involving motor vehicle crashes. This goal is in line with Hawaii's SHSP. 

The HSIP process for HDOT involves collecting all major traffic crash data, analyzing the data, proposing 

safety improvement projects, and evaluating the benefits from the projects. HDOT has moved away from 

addressing hot spot locations and toward systemic locations. This process allows better allocation of funds on 

a proactive approach. 

With the implementation of the Highway Safety Manual and the Safety Management System next FFY, HDOT 

is working towards greater safety benefits from projects based on predictive methods and risk factors. 
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Introduction

The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose of achieving 

a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 

924.15, States are required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP implementation 

and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent with the HSIP Reporting Guidance dated 

December 29, 2016 and consists of five sections: program structure, progress in implementing highway safety 

improvement projects, progress in achieving safety outcomes and performance targets, effectiveness of the 

improvements and compliance assessment.

Program Structure

Program Administration

Describe the general structure of the HSIP in the State. 

HDOT uses the Number-Rate (N-R) Method, which establishes a minimum crash frequency and accounts for 

exposure. Listings for intersection locations on State roadways use a minimum criteria for a 3-year period and 

listings for non-intersection locations on State roadways use sliding 0.3-mile segments with a minimum criteria 

for a 3-year period. This method uses the best availability of required data and is manageable by our limited 

manpower.

Locations identified by the N-R method will be further analyzed in a Benefit-Cost (B/C) analysis procedure by 

incorporating crash costs established by FHWA and crash reduction factors (CRF). The crash costs will assign 

more weight to fatal and high severity crashes.

Project Prioritization and Selection uses the annual High-Crash Listings, which ranks the locations by crash 

rates, and injury severity to determine possible project locations. Project locations where existing, planned or 

recently completed projects are already addressing concerns are eliminated. Appropriate countermeasures for 

each location are determined, preliminary estimates for improvements are computed, CRFs are selected, and 

Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratios to prioritize individual listings are calculated.

“HSIP Field Investigation” of candidate projects are conducted using HSIP Field Investigation procedures and 

involving the following parties: Traffic Safety engineers, District engineers and maintenance workers, Traffic 

Design engineers, and the police. Field investigations of existing conditions are conducted to better understand 

deficiencies. Projects are selected to initiate based on revised scope of work and B/C. If funds are available, 

additional projects are selected according to overall priority. Note that projects may also be initiated if identified 

as priority according to the Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP).

Project Evaluation uses 3 year before and after crash history. Evaluation data is submitted to FHWA through 

the online HSIP reporting tool annually. 

Where is HSIP staff located within the State DOT? 

 Engineering

HSIP staff is located in the Hawaii State Department of Transportation, Highways Division, Traffic Branch, 

Traffic Safety Section
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How are HSIP funds allocated in a State? 

• Other-Central Office

High crash listings and crash data for county roads are submitted to the county offices for internal design use. 

Local agencies can submit project proposals to be considered on the Statewide Transportation Improvement 

Program (STIP) and the projects can be funded through the HSIP funds if they are cost-effective. In addition, 

High Risk Rural Roads Program (HRRRP) Funds are offered to the counties for project proposals and 

consideration.

HSIP funds for State roadway projects are divided among the 4 different counties.

All projects are submitted through the Traffic Safety Section.

Describe how local and tribal roads are addressed as part of HSIP.

High crash listings and crash data for county roads are submitted to the county offices for internal design use. 

Local agencies can submit project proposals to be considered on the Statewide Transportation Improvement 

Program (STIP) and the projects can be funded through HSIP funds if they are cost-effective. In addition, 

HRRRP Funds are offered to the counties.

Hawaii does not have any tribal roads.

Identify which internal partners (e.g., State departments of transportation (DOTs) 

Bureaus, Divisions) are involved with HSIP planning.

• Design

• Maintenance

• Operations

• Planning

• Traffic Engineering/Safety

• Other-Highway Safety Office

Other-The Highway Safety Office is a partner in the HSIP process. They assist with setting the performance 

targets. They also assist with the planning of the HSIP through the collaboration of the development of the 

SHSP. 

Describe coordination with internal partners.

The HSIP projects are initiated through the analysis of crash data and traffic volume counts obtained by the 

Planning Branch. The HSIP project locations are evaluated to determine if other projects submitted by internal 

partners (Design, Planning, Maintenance, or Operations) can be coordinated or project scope can be 

incorporated within existing projects.

Internal partners assist with project selection preparation of preliminary project scope through field 

investigations. Partners from the offices of design, maintenance and law enforcement (external) participate in 

the preliminary project scope.
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Identify which external partners are involved with HSIP planning.

• Local Government Agency 

• Other-Police departments

Police department representatives have participated in preliminary project scoping through field investigations. 

Their input on enforcement and knowledge of the area are instrumental to the overall traffic safety 

recommendations.

Local government agencies would be involved when projects on local roads are proposed.

Describe coordination with external partners.

HSIP projects can be initiated through review of high crash listings and crash data for county roads submitted 

to the county offices. Local agencies can submit project proposals to be considered on the STIP.

Police department officers are requested to participate in field investigation of potential HSIP project locations. 

They provide personal knowledge of the area and can make safety recommendations that may be incorporated 

within HSIP projects.

Describe other aspects of HSIP Administration on which the State would like to 

elaborate. 

Statewide projects are submitted to be considered on the STIP. 

Focus is more on corridor low-cost safety improvements versus black spots.

Program Methodology

Does the State have an HSIP manual or similar that clearly describes HSIP planning, 

implementation and evaluation processes?

Yes 

Select the programs that are administered under the HSIP.

• HRRR

Program: HRRR

Date of Program Methodology:9/9/2006

What is the justification for this program? 

• FHWA focused approach to safety

What is the funding approach for this program? 

Funding set-aside

What data types were used in the program methodology? 
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Crashes Exposure Roadway 

• Fatal and serious injury crashes 

only • Lane miles • Functional classification

What project identification methodology was used for this program? 

• Crash frequency

• Crash rate

Are local roads (non-state owned and operated) included or addressed in this 

program?

Yes

Are local road projects identified using the same methodology as state roads?

No

Describe the methodology used to identify local road projects as part of this program.

Methodology for local roads use the crash frequency because of the lack of traffic volume data. 

Methodology for State roads use the crash rate.

How are projects under this program advanced for implementation?

• Other-Submitted to be included in the STIP. Follow with collaboration with the Districts.

Select the processes used to prioritize projects for implementation. For the methods 

selected, indicate the relative importance of each process in project prioritization. 

Enter either the weights or numerical rankings. If weights are entered, the sum must 

equal 100. If ranks are entered, indicate ties by giving both processes the same rank 

and skip the next highest rank (as an example: 1, 2, 2, 4).

Rank of Priority Consideration

Ranking based on B/C:2

Available funding:1

Cost Effectiveness:3

What percentage of HSIP funds address systemic improvements?

 82

 HSIP funds are used to address which of the following systemic 

improvements? 

• Rumble Strips

What process is used to identify potential countermeasures? 

• Crash data analysis
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• Engineering Study

Does the State HSIP consider connected vehicles and ITS technologies? 

No

Does the State use the Highway Safety Manual to support HSIP efforts?

No

HDOT will be implementing Highway Safety Manual (HSM) Predictive Methodology into our system. The 

implementation will include loading and massaging the roadway feature data, setting up the libraries, 

processing, and performing HSM processing to determine Crash Modification Factors (CMF)s, Expected 

Crashes, Safety Index scores based upon HSM predictive method, Safety Comparable Index, and Safety 

Rating. Completion of this implementation is expected this year.

Describe other aspects of the HSIP methodology on which the State would like to 

elaborate.

During this period, run off roadway and median crossover type crashes were targeted. HDOT is currently 

focusing on reducing fatalities and serious injury type crashes by implementing cost-effective safety 

improvement projects along corridors with a history of these types of crashes. In Hawaii, these types of 

crashes have a greater potential of reducing fatalities and serious injury crashes cost-effectively, in comparison 

to "black spot" type projects. HDOT has collaborated with the University of Hawaii to develop a Systemic 

Roadway Departure Plan. With the development of this plan, HDOT hopes to address more systemic safety 

improvements with proven low-cost safety countermeasures.
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Project Implementation

Funds Programmed

Reporting period for HSIP funding.

Federal Fiscal Year

Enter the programmed and obligated funding for each applicable funding category.

FUNDING CATEGORY PROGRAMMED OBLIGATED % 

OBLIGATED/PROGRAMMED

HSIP (23 U.S.C. 148) $9,848,761 $15,745,239 159.87%

HRRR Special Rule (23 

U.S.C. 148(g)(1))

$0 $0 0%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

154)

$2,667,376 $2,667,376 100%

Penalty Funds (23 U.S.C. 

164)

$2,667,376 $2,667,376 100%

RHCP (for HSIP 

purposes) (23 U.S.C. 

130(e)(2))

$1,225,000 $0 0%

Other Federal-aid Funds 

(i.e. STBG, NHPP)

$0 $0 0%

State and Local Funds $0 $0 0%

Totals $16,408,513 $21,079,991 128.47%

The penalty transfer is impacting the HSIP core obligation rate. Our administration plans to introduce 

legislation to attain compliance.

We would like to have more projects initiated and assigned for design and construction. There is an inability of 

design staff to handle the workload. Areas such as: 106, right-of-way, and environmental requirements delay 

projects.

The obligated percentage is based on the latest project status report available. We anticipate obligating more 

HSIP funds before the end of FFY21.

How much funding is programmed to local (non-state owned and operated) or tribal 

safety projects?

0%

How much funding is obligated to local or tribal safety projects?

0%

HSIP funds are available to the local agencies for safety projects, as requested.
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How much funding is programmed to non-infrastructure safety projects?

$1,653,773

How much funding is obligated to non-infrastructure safety projects?

$1,653,773

How much funding was transferred in to the HSIP from other core program areas 

during the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126?

$0

How much funding was transferred out of the HSIP to other core program areas during 

the reporting period under 23 U.S.C. 126?

$0

Discuss impediments to obligating HSIP funds and plans to overcome this challenge in 

the future.

The penalty transfer is impacting the HSIP core obligation rate. We would like to have more projects initiated 

and assigned for design and construction. We plan on utilizing IDIQ type contracts to facilitate the 

implementation of cost-effective safety improvements.

Describe any other aspects of the State’s progress in implementing HSIP projects on 

which the State would like to elaborate. 

Progress of all HSIP projects is monitored very closely. HSIP program staff follow-up with project managers 

and fiscal staff on a regular basis to track project schedules and make adjustments and modifications to the 

program to minimize the potential for lapsing funds, as well as spend HSIP funds efficiently.
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General Listing of Projects

List the projects obligated using HSIP funds for the reporting period.

PROJECT 

NAME

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

H1 Safety 

Improvements, 

Palailai 

Interchange to 

Waiawa 

Overpass

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

9 Miles $913002.03 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialInterstate222,000 55 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

HI State 

Pavement 

marking 

repairs and 

rumble strip 

installation at 

various 

locations, 

Hawaii 

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

Miles $1147537.88 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Multiple/Varies Multiple/Varies 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

Mamalahoa 

Hwy Safety 

Improvements, 

MP 3.9 to MP 

6.9

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

3 Miles $49606.65 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Minor Arterial 0 50 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Lane 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

HON -

Installation of 

Enhanced 

Pavement 

Marking and 

New Milled 

Rumble Strip 

at various 

locations

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

Miles $4281096.24 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

Urban Multiple/Varies 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

Maui State -

Honoapiilani 

Hwy Safety 

Improvements, 

Kapoli St to 

Papalaua 

Beach Park

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

5.72 Miles $60495.17 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Rural Principal ArterialOther27,400 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

Piilani Hwy 

Safety 

Improvements, 

N Kihei Rd to 

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

7.1 Miles $1130436.18 RHCP (for 

HSIP 

purposes) 

(23 U.S.C. 

130(e)(2))

Urban Principal ArterialOther42,400 45 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 
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PROJECT 

NAME

IMPROVEMENT 

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY OUTPUTS OUTPUT TYPE

HSIP 

PROJECT 

COST($)

TOTAL 

PROJECT 

COST($)

FUNDING 

CATEGORY

LAND 

USE/AREA 

TYPE

FUNCTIONAL 

CLASSIFICATION AADT SPEED OWNERSHIP

METHOD 

FOR SITE 

SELECTION

SHSP 

EMPHASIS 

AREA

SHSP 

STRATEGY

vicinity of 

Wailea Ike Dr

departure 

crashes

Kauai State -

Installation of 

Enhanced 

Pavement 

Marking and 

New Milled 

Rumble Strips 

at various 

locations

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

Miles $377545.53 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Multiple/Varies Multiple/Varies 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

Kamehameha 

Hwy Safety 

Improvements, 

Waikane 

Valley Rd to 

the vicinity of 

Kahekili Hwy

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

2.7 Miles $43257.46 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther16,500 35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Lane 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

Maui -

Installation of 

Enhanced 

Pavement 

Marking and 

New Milled 

Rumble Strips

Roadway Rumble strips –

edge or shoulder

Miles $1091653.77 RHCP (for 

HSIP 

purposes) 

(23 U.S.C. 

130(e)(2))

Multiple/Varies Minor Arterial 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Systemic Roadway 

Departure

Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce lane 

departure 

crashes

HON State -

Farrington 

Hwy 

Intersection 

Improvements 

at Nanakuli 

Ave and 

Haleakala Ave 

(C)

Intersection 

geometry

Intersection 

geometry - other

2 Intersections $132151.57 HSIP (23 

U.S.C. 148)

Urban Principal ArterialOther24,200 35 State 

Highway 

Agency

Spot Intersections Improve roadway 

infrastructure by 

installing 

countermeasures 

to reduce 

intersection 

crashes

State of Hawaii 

Advanced 

Crash Analysis

Miscellaneous Data analysis $782999.96 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 164)

N/A N/A 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Data Improve linkage 

and integration of 

data

Statewide -

State Planning 

and Research 

Program

Miscellaneous Transportation 

safety planning

$1293218.99 Penalty 

Funds (23 

U.S.C. 154)

Multiple/Varies Minor Arterial 0 State 

Highway 

Agency

Data Improve linkage 

and integration of 

data
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Safety Performance

General Highway Safety Trends

Present data showing the general highway safety trends in the State for the past five 

years.

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Fatalities 125 102 95 93 120 107 117 108 86

Serious Injuries 441 488 512 458 412 392 360 537 383

Fatality rate (per 

HMVMT)

1.251 1.010 0.933 0.908 1.136 0.997 1.075 0.984 0.784

Serious injury rate (per 

HMVMT)

4.412 4.833 5.028 4.472 3.900 3.653 3.307 4.892 3.489

Number non-motorized 

fatalities

28 27 32 30 32 21 46 41 25

Number of nonmotorized serious 

injuries

73 82 87 94 102 87 81 120 111
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Annual Fatalities

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Fatalities 5 Year Rolling Avg.

Annual Serious Injuries

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Serious Injuries 5 Year Rolling Avg.
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Fatality rate (per HMVMT)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Fatality rate (per HMVMT) 5 Year Rolling Avg.

Serious injury rate (per HMVMT)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Serious injury rate (per HMVMT) 5 Year Rolling Avg.
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

Non Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Fatalities Serious Injuries 5 Year Rolling Avg.

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Describe fatality data source.

FARS

To the maximum extent possible, present this data by functional classification and 

ownership.

Year 2020

Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - 

Interstate

0 0 0 0

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

0 0 0 0

Rural Principal 

Arterial (RPA) - Other

16.8 16 0.17 0

Rural Minor Arterial 1.6 16.6 0.01 0

Rural Minor Collector 0 6.6 0 0

Rural Major Collector 0 0.4 0 0
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Functional 

Classification

Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Rural Local Road or 

Street

1.4 0.4 0.01 0

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - 

Interstate

7.2 31.6 0.07 0

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other 

Freeways and 

Expressways

0.2 11.4 0 0

Urban Principal 

Arterial (UPA) - Other

45.2 89.4 0.44 0.01

Urban Minor Arterial 16.2 24.8 0.15 0

Urban Minor Collector 0.8 6.4 0.01 0

Urban Major Collector 1 1.8 0.01 0

Urban Local Road or 

Street

15.2 1.8 0.15 0
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Year 2020

Roadways Number of Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

State Highway 

Agency

71.6 194 0.69 1.86

County Highway 

Agency

35.6 218.2 0.34 2.12

Town or Township 

Highway Agency

City or Municipal 

Highway Agency

State Park, Forest, or 

Reservation Agency

Local Park, Forest or 

Reservation Agency

Other State Agency

Other Local Agency

Private (Other than 

Railroad)

Railroad

State Toll Authority

Local Toll Authority

Other Public 

Instrumentality (e.g. 

Airport, School, 

University)

Indian Tribe Nation

Provide additional discussion related to general highway safety trends.

We are currently addressing the accuracy of our data. We are working with our vendor to address quality 

control of the backlog that was entered and the new data coming in. Data for next year's report should reflect 

more accurate data as the development of the database is currently underway.
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Safety Performance Targets

Safety Performance Targets

Calendar Year 2022 Targets *

Number of Fatalities:103.4

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

This performance target was determined by using a linear trend line based on the 2013-2020 five-year moving 

average data and an analysis of external factors, including the 

updated Hawaii SHSP; Vision Zero Plans developed and implemented in each county; planned roadway 

infrastructure safety improvement projects; and safety impacts of proposed grants.

This performance target is identical to the performance target in the state's HSP and is the result of 

collaborative efforts between HDOT's Highway Safety Section, HDOT's Traffic Safety 

Section, DOH's EMS & Injury Prevention Systems Branch and the Oahu MPO.

Number of Serious Injuries:426.8

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

This performance target was determined by using a linear trend line based on the 2013-2020 five-year moving 

average data and an analysis of external factors, including the 

updated Hawaii SHSP; Vision Zero Plans developed and implemented in each county; planned roadway 

infrastructure safety improvement projects; and safety impacts of proposed grants. Implementation of the 

newly revised Motor Vehicle Accident Report (MVAR) is also expected to impact the number of serious traffic 

injuries because of the change in terminology from "incapacitating injury" to "suspected serious injury" and a 

potential increase in crash reporting. This performance target is identical to the performance target in the 

state's HSP and is the result of collaborative efforts between HDOT's Highway Safety Section, HDOT's Traffic 

Safety Section, DOH's EMS & Injury Prevention Systems Branch and the Oahu MPO.

Fatality Rate:0.964

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

This performance target was determined by using a linear trend line based on the 2014-2020 five-year moving 

average data and an analysis of external factors, including impacts 

from COVID-19 and shelter-in-place orders; the updated Hawaii SHSP; Vision Zero Plans developed and 

implemented in each county; planned roadway infrastructure safety 

improvement projects; and safety impacts of proposed grants. This performance target is identical to the 

performance target in the state's HSP and is the 

result of collaborative efforts between HDOT's Highway Safety Section, HDOT's Traffic Safety Section, DOH's 

EMS & Injury Prevention Systems Branch and the Oahu MPO

Serious Injury Rate:4.201

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

This performance target was determined by using a linear trend line based on the 2012-2020 five-year moving 

average data and an analysis of external factors, including impacts 

from COVID-19 and shelter-in-place orders; the updated Hawaii SHSP; Vision Zero Plans developed and 

implemented in each county; planned roadway infrastructure safety 

improvement projects; and safety impacts of proposed grants. Implementation of the newly revised Motor 

Vehicle Accident Report (MVAR) is also expected to impact the number of serious traffic injuries because of 
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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the change in terminology from "incapacitating injury" to "suspected serious injury" and a potential increase in 

crash reporting.

Total Number of Non-Motorized Fatalities and Serious Injuries:134.1

Describe the basis for established target, including how it supports SHSP goals.

This performance target was determined by using a linear trend line based on the 2012-2020 five-year moving 

average data and an analysis of external factors, including impacts 

from COVID-19 and shelter-in-place orders; the updated Hawaii SHSP; Vision Zero Plans developed and 

implemented in each county; planned roadway infrastructure safety 

improvement projects; and safety impacts of proposed grants. Implementation of the newly revised Motor 

Vehicle Accident Report (MVAR) is also expected to impact the number of serious traffic injuries because of 

the change in terminology from "incapacitating injury" to "suspected serious injury" and a potential increase in 

crash reporting.

Describe efforts to coordinate with other stakeholders (e.g. MPOs, SHSO) to establish 

safety performance targets. 

The numbers in the HSIP report should match the numbers in the HSP. We also shared the safety 

performance targets with Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization (OMPO) to assist them in reporting their 

performance targets.

The performance targets are the result of collaborative efforts between HDOT's Traffic Safety Section, HDOT's 

Highway Safety Section, DOH's EMS & Injury Prevention Systems Branch and OMPO.

Does the State want to report additional optional targets? 

No

Describe progress toward meeting the State’s 2020 Safety Performance Targets (based 

on data available at the time of reporting). For each target, include a discussion of any 

reasons for differences in the actual outcomes and targets.

PERFORMANCE MEASURES TARGETS ACTUALS

Number of Fatalities 100.8 107.6

Number of Serious Injuries 401.4 416.8

Fatality Rate 0.935 0.995

Serious Injury Rate 3.721 3.848

Non-Motorized Fatalities and 

Serious Injuries

101.8 133.2

Although fatalities and serious injuries decreased in 2020, it was not enough to meet our optimistic goals. 

Since Hawaii DOT has not met our targets last year, an HSIP Implementation Plan was developed for the first 

time. If a plan needs to be revised and resubmitted next year due to unmet goals, we will need to reevaluate 

and develop a better plan.

Implementation of the revised Motor Vehicle Accident Report (MVAR) has shown an increased impact on the 

number of serious traffic injuries because of the change in terminology from "incapacitating injury" to 

"suspected serious injury". Honolulu Police Department, which is the largest law enforcement agency in 

Hawaii, implemented the form at the beginning of 2019. This can be seen in the large increase in serious
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 22 of 32

injuries for 2019. 

Applicability of Special Rules

Does the HRRR special rule apply to the State for this reporting period? 

No

Provide the number of older driver and pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries 65 

years of age and older for the past seven years.

PERFORMANCE 

MEASURES 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Fatalities

20 13 20 17 24 18 13

Number of Older Driver 

and Pedestrian Serious 

Injuries

33 34 43 34 44 48 25
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Evaluation 

Program Effectiveness

How does the State measure effectiveness of the HSIP?

• Benefit/Cost Ratio

Based on the measures of effectiveness selected previously, describe the results of 

the State's program level evaluations.

If benefit/cost ratio is greater than 1 it is determined to be an indicator of success.

What other indicators of success does the State use to demonstrate effectiveness and 

success of the Highway Safety Improvement Program?

• HSIP Obligations

We need to continuously track the completion of HSIP projects to make sure there are no lapsing funds.

Effectiveness of Groupings or Similar Types of Improvements

Present and describe trends in SHSP emphasis area performance measures.

Year 2020

SHSP Emphasis Area Targeted Crash 

Type

Number of 

Fatalities

(5-yr avg)

Number of 

Serious 

Injuries

(5-yr avg)

Fatality Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Serious Injury 

Rate

(per HMVMT)

(5-yr avg)

Lane Departure Run off road and 

cross centerline

42 134 0.39 1.24

Intersections Intersections 28 108 0.26 1

Pedestrians Vehicle/pedestrian 30 82 0.28 0.76

Bicyclists Vehicle/bicycle 3 18 0.03 0.16

Motorcyclists Motorcycles and 

mopeds

24 112 0.23 1.03
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Number of Fatalities 

5 Year Average

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Lane Departure Intersections Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorcyclists

Fatalities

2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020

Number of Serious Injuries 

5 Year Average

160

140

120

esir

100

ujn Is

80

uioSer

60

40

20

0

Lane Departure Intersections Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorcyclists

2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 25 of 32

Fatality Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

Lane Departure Intersections Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorcyclists

Fatality Rate

2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020

Serious Injury Rate (per HMVMT) 

5 Year Average

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Lane Departure Intersections Pedestrians Bicyclists Motorcyclists

Serious Injury Rate

2012-2016 2013-2017 2014-2018 2015-2019 2016-2020

Has the State completed any countermeasure effectiveness evaluations during the 

reporting period?

No
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 26 of 32

HDOT has collaborated with the University of Hawaii to develop a Systemic Roadway Departure Plan. With the 

development of the plan, HDOT plans to address more systemic safety improvements with proven low-cost 

safety countermeasures. The plan is still under review. HDOT will evaluate the effectiveness of the 

countermeasures.
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 27 of 32

Project Effectiveness

Provide the following information for previously implemented projects that the State evaluated this reporting period. 

Describe any other aspects of HSIP effectiveness on which the State would like to elaborate.

The State of Hawaii considers fatal and serious injury accidents for all analyses along with the total number of major traffic accidents. We will be working towards providing more of the requested data with next year's submittal as our 

database becomes more complete and accurate.
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Compliance Assessment

What date was the State’s current SHSP approved by the Governor or designated State representative?

 11/20/2019

What are the years being covered by the current SHSP?

From: 2019 To: 2024

When does the State anticipate completing it’s next SHSP update?

 2025

Provide the current status (percent complete) of MIRE fundamental data elements collection efforts using the table below. 

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

ROADWAY SEGMENT Segment Identifier 

(12) [12]

100 100 100 100

Route Number (8) 

[8]

100 100

Route/Street Name 

(9) [9]

100 100

Federal Aid/Route 

Type (21) [21]

100 100

Rural/Urban 

Designation (20) [20]

100 100 100 100

Surface Type (23) 

[24]

100 100 100 100

Begin Point 

Segment Descriptor 

(10) [10]

100 100 100 100

End Point Segment 

Descriptor (11) [11]

100 100 100 100

Segment Length 

(13) [13]

100 100

Direction of 

Inventory (18) [18]

100 100

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100 100 100 100

Median Type (54) 

[55]

100 100
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

Access Control (22) 

[23]

100 100

One/Two Way 

Operations (91) [93]

100 100

Number of Through 

Lanes (31) [32]

100 100 100 100

Average Annual 

Daily Traffic (79) [81]

100 100 100

AADT Year (80) [82] 100 100

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100 100 100 100

INTERSECTION Unique Junction 

Identifier (120) [110]

Location Identifier 

for Road 1 Crossing 

Point (122) [112]

Location Identifier 

for Road 2 Crossing 

Point (123) [113]

Intersection/Junction 

Geometry (126) 

[116]

Intersection/Junction 

Traffic Control (131) 

[131]

AADT for Each 

Intersecting Road 

(79) [81]

AADT Year (80) [82]

Unique Approach 

Identifier (139) [129]

INTERCHANGE/RAMP Unique Interchange 

Identifier (178) [168]

100 100

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (197) [187]

100 100
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

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ROAD TYPE *MIRE NAME (MIRE 

NO.)

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - SEGMENT

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - INTERSECTION

NON LOCAL PAVED

ROADS - RAMPS LOCAL PAVED ROADS UNPAVED ROADS

STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE STATE NON-STATE

Location Identifier 

for Roadway at 

Ending Ramp 

Terminal (201) [191]

100 100

Ramp Length (187) 

[177]

100 100

Roadway Type at 

Beginning of Ramp 

Terminal (195) [185]

100

Roadway Type at 

End Ramp Terminal 

(199) [189]

100

Interchange Type 

(182) [172]

100

Ramp AADT (191) 

[181]

100 100

Year of Ramp AADT 

(192) [182]

100 100

Functional Class 

(19) [19]

100 100

Type of 

Governmental 

Ownership (4) [4]

100 100

Totals (Average Percent Complete): 100.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 72.73 100.00 100.00 88.89 0.00 0.00

*Based on Functional Classification (MIRE 1.0 Element Number) [MIRE 2.0 Element Number]

Describe actions the State will take moving forward to meet the requirement to have complete access to the MIRE fundamental data elements on all public roads by September 30, 2026.

No actions at this time.

We attended a MIRE FDE Peer Exchange webinar on September 1 with the Planning Branch. 
Page 31 of 32

2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

Optional Attachments 

Program Structure:

HSIP report.doc

HSIP report2006.doc

Project Implementation:

Safety Performance:

Evaluation:

Compliance Assessment:
2021 Hawaii Highway Safety Improvement Program

Page 32 of 32

Glossary

5 year rolling average: means the average of five individuals, consecutive annual points of data 

(e.g. annual fatality rate).

Emphasis area: means a highway safety priority in a State’s SHSP, identified through a data-driven, 

collaborative process.

Highway safety improvement project: means strategies, activities and projects on a public road 

that are consistent with a State strategic highway safety plan and corrects or improves a hazardous 

road location or feature or addresses a highway safety problem.

HMVMT: means hundred million vehicle miles traveled.

Non-infrastructure projects: are projects that do not result in construction. Examples of noninfrastructure projects include road safety audits, transportation safety planning activities, 

improvements in the collection and analysis of data, education and outreach, and enforcement 

activities.

Older driver special rule: applies if traffic fatalities and serious injuries per capita for drivers and 

pedestrians over the age of 65 in a State increases during the most recent 2-year period for which 

data are available, as defined in the Older Driver and Pedestrian Special Rule Interim Guidance 

dated February 13, 2013.

Performance measure: means indicators that enable decision-makers and other stakeholders to 

monitor changes in system condition and performance against established visions, goals, and 

objectives.

Programmed funds: mean those funds that have been programmed in the Statewide Transportation 

Improvement Program (STIP) to be expended on highway safety improvement projects.

Roadway Functional Classification: means the process by which streets and highways are 

grouped into classes, or systems, according to the character of service they are intended to provide.

Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP): means a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary plan, based on 

safety data developed by a State Department of Transportation in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 148.

Systematic: refers to an approach where an agency deploys countermeasures at all locations across 

a system.

Systemic safety improvement: means an improvement that is widely implemented based on high 

risk roadway features that are correlated with specific severe crash types.

Transfer: means, in accordance with provisions of 23 U.S.C. 126, a State may transfer from an 

apportionment under section 104(b) not to exceed 50 percent of the amount apportioned for the fiscal 

year to any other apportionment of the State under that section.