REVISIONS TO TEST METHODS AND TESTING REGULATIONS

 Redline/Strikeout of Proposed Revisions to Current Rules

September 2011

For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental 

Protection Agency proposes to amend title 40, chapter I of the Code 

of Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 51 – REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL OF 

IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

1. The authority citation for part 51 continues to read as 

follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et. seq.

2. In Appendix M by revising Section 4(a) of the introduction 

to read as follows: 

Appendix M to Part 51—Recommended Test Methods for State 

Implementation Plans

4. * * *

a. The source owner, operator, or representative of the tested 

facility shall obtain an audit sample, if commercially available, 

from an AASP for each test method used for regulatory compliance 

purposes. No audit samples are required for the following test 

methods: Methods 3A and 3C of Appendix A-3 of Part 60, Methods 6C, 

7E, 9, and 10 of Appendix A-4 of Part 60, Methods 18 and 19 of 

Appendix A-6 of Part 60, Methods 20, 22, and 25A of Appendix A-7 of 
Page 2 of 161

Part 60, and Methods 303, 318, 320, and 321 of Appendix A of Part 63. 

If multiple sources at a single facility are tested during a 

compliance test event, only one audit sample is required for each 

method used during a compliance test. The compliance authority 

responsible for the compliance test may waive the requirement to 

include an audit sample if they believe that an audit sample is not 

necessary. “Commercially available” means that two or more 

independent AASPs have blind audit samples available for purchase. If 

the source owner, operator, or representative cannot find an audit 

sample for a specific method, the owner, operator, or representative 

shall consult the EPA Web site at the following URL, 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc, to confirm whether there is a source that 

can supply an audit sample for that method. If the EPA Web site does 

not list an available audit sample at least 60 days prior to the 

beginning of the compliance test, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall not be required to include an audit sample as 

part of the quality assurance program for the compliance test. When 

ordering an audit sample, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall give the sample provider an estimate for the 

concentration of each pollutant that is emitted by the source or the 

estimated concentration of each pollutant based on the permitted 

level and the name, address, and phone number of the compliance 

authority. The source owner, operator, or representative shall report 

the results for the audit sample along with a summary of the emission 

test results for the audited pollutant to the compliance authority 
Page 3 of 161

and shall report the results of the audit sample to the AASP. The 

source owner, operator, or representative shall make both reports at 

the same time and in the same manner or shall report to the 

compliance authority first and report to the AASP. If the method 

being audited is a method that allows the samples to be analyzed in 

the field and the tester plans to analyze the samples in the field, 

the tester may analyze the audit samples prior to collecting the 

emission samples provided a representative of the compliance 

authority is present at the testing site. The tester may request and 

the compliance authority may grant a waiver to the requirement that a 

representative of the compliance authority must be present at the 

testing site during the field analysis of an audit sample. The source 

owner, operator, or representative may report the results of the 

audit sample to the compliance authority and then report the results 

of the audit sample to the AASP prior to collecting any emission 

samples. The test protocol and final test report shall document 

whether an audit sample was ordered and utilized and the pass/fail 

results as applicable.

* * * * *

3. In Method 201A of Appendix M by revising Sections 8.3.4(b), 

8.3.4.1, 8.7.2.2, 8.7.5.5(a), the introductory paragraph of Section 

10.1, Section 11.2.1, Equation 9 in Section 12.5, and by deleting 

Section 10.5 and the term “Vb” and its definition from Section 12.1 to 

read as follows:
Page 4 of 161

Method 201A — Determination of PM10 and PM2.5 Emissions from Stationary 

Sources (Constant Sampling Rate Procedure)

* * * * *

8.3.4 * * * 

(b) The appropriate nozzle to maintain the required gas sampling 

rate for the velocity pressure range and isokinetic range. If the 

isokinetic range cannot be met (e.g., batch processes, extreme 

process flow or temperature variation), void the sample or use

methods subject to the approval of the Administrator to correct the 

data. The acceptable variation from isokinetic sampling is 80 to 120 

percent and no more than 100 ± 21 percent (2 out of 12 or 5 out of 

24) sampling points outside of this criteria.

* * * * *

8.3.4.1 Preliminary traverse. You must use an S-type pitot

tube with a conventional thermocouple to conduct the traverse. 

Conduct the preliminary traverse as close as possible to the 

anticipated testing time on sources that are subject to hour-by-hour 

gas flow rate variations of approximately ± 20 percent and/or gas 

temperature variations of approximately ± 10 °C (± 18 °F). (Note: You 

should be aware that these variations can cause errors in the cyclone 

cut diameters and the isokinetic sampling velocities.)

* * * * *
Page 5 of 161

8.7.2.2 Probe blockage factor. You must use Equation 26 to 

calculate an average probe blockage correction factor (bf) if the 

diameter of your stack or duct is between 25.7 and 36.4 inches for 

the combined PM2.5/PM10 sampling head and pitot and between 18.8 and 

26.5 inches for the PM2.5 cyclone and pitot. A probe blockage factor is 

calculated because of the flow blockage caused by the relatively 

large cross-sectional area of the cyclone sampling head, as discussed 

in Section 8.3.2.2 and illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 of Section 17. 

You must determine the cross-sectional area of the cyclone head you 

use and determine its stack blockage factor. (Note: Commerciallyavailable sampling heads (including the PM10 cyclone, PM2.5 cyclone, 

pitot and filter holder) have a projected area of approximately 31.2 

square inches when oriented into the gas stream. As the probe is 

moved from the outermost to the innermost point, the amount of 

blockage that actually occurs ranges from approximately 13 square 

inches to the full 31.2 inches plus the blockage caused by the probe 

extension. The average cross-sectional area blocked is 22 square 

inches.

* * * * *

8.7.5.5 * * *

(a) Container #1, Less than or equal to PM 2.5 micrometer 

filterable particulate. Use tweezers and/or clean disposable surgical 

gloves to remove the filter from the filter holder. Place the filter 

in the Petri dish that you labeled with the test identification and 
Page 6 of 161

Container #1. Using a dry brush and/or a sharp-edged blade, carefully 

transfer any PM and/or filter fibers that adhere to the filter holder 

gasket or filter support screen to the Petri dish. Seal the 

container. This container holds particles less than or equal to 2.5 

micrometers that are caught on the in-stack filter. (Note: If the 

test is conducted for PM10 only, then Container #1 would be for less 

than or equal to PM10 micrometer filterable particulate.)

* * * * *

10.1 Gas Flow Velocities. You must use an S-type pitot tube 

that meets the required EPA specifications (EPA Publication 600/4–77–

0217b) during these velocity measurements. (Note:If, as specified in 

Section 8.7.2.3, testing is performed in stacks less than 26.5 inches 

in diameter, testers may use a standard pitot tube according to the 

requirements in Method 1 or 2 of appendix A–3 to part 60.) You must 

also complete the following:

* * * * *

* * * * *

11.2.1 Container #1, Less than or Equal to PM2.5 Micrometer

Filterable Particulate. Transfer the filter and any loose particulate 

from the sample container to a tared weighing dish or pan that is 

inert to solvent or mineral acids. Desiccate for 24 hours in a 

desiccators containing anhydrous calcium sulfate. Weigh to a 

constant weight and report the results to the nearest 0.1 mg. (See 
Page 7 of 161

Section 3.0 for a definition of constant weight.) If constant weight 

requirements cannot be met, data should be reported and flagged as a 

minimum value. (Note: Regardless of the stack temperature, you are 

not required to speciate the Method 201A nozzle, front half or instack filter sample into organic and inorganic fractions. Neither 

Method 17 nor 201A require separate analysis of the filter for 

inorganic and organic PM. Since the in-stack filter samples collected 

at ≤ 30C (85 F) may include both filterable insoluble particulate 

and condensable particulate, the filter should be weighed after 

desiccation but not extracted since insoluble particulate will not be 

recovered from the extraction.) 

* * * * *

12.5 * * *

For Nre greater than or equal to 3,162:







































D

1

T

P M

C

μ

Q = 0.07657

50

1.241

s

S W

0.3795

IV 0.6205 (Eq. 9)

* * * * *

4. In Method 202 of Appendix M by revising the introductory 

paragraph in Section 8.5.3.1, Section 11.2.2, and Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 

and 6 in Section 18.0 to read as follows:

Method 202 — Determination of PM10 and PM2.5 Emissions from Stationary 

Sources (Constant Sampling Rate Procedure)

* * * * *
Page 8 of 161

8.5.3.1 If you choose to conduct a pressurized nitrogen purge 

on the complete CPM sampling train, you may quantitatively transfer 

the water collected in the condenser and the water dropout impinger 

to the backup impinger as an alternative to replacing the short stem 

impinger insert with a long stem insert prior to purging the sampling 

train. You must measure the water combined in the backup impinger and 

record the volume or weight as part of the moisture collected during 

sampling as specified in Section 8.5.3.4.

* * * * * 

11.2.2 CPM Container #1, Aqueous Liquid Impinger Contents. 

Analyze the water soluble CPM in Container #1 as described in this 

section. Place the contents of Container #1 into a separatory funnel. 

Add approximately 30 ml of hexane to the funnel, mix well, and pour

off the upper organic phase. Repeat this procedure twice with 30 ml of 

hexane each time combining the organic phase from each extraction. 

Each time, leave a small amount of the organic/hexane phase in the 

separatory funnel, ensuring that no water is collected in the organic 

phase. This extraction should yield about 90 ml of organic extract. 

Combine the organic extract from Container #1 with the organic train 

rinse in Container #2.
Page 9 of 161

Figure 2. Nitrogen Purge Train Configuration (Vacuum Purge)

No check valve after impingers; Extended stem in first impinger; Condensed 

moisture and sample impingers identified

Water Bath

(<20 to 30 C / 68 to 85 F)

C

ond

ens

er

Therm

o

c

ouple

C

ond

ens

e

d

M

oisture

and

S

a

m

ple

Silic

a

G

el

(~

3

0

0

gra

m

s)

R

e

circulation

Pum

p

T

e

m

p

erature

S

ens

or

Ice Bath

U

HP

nitrogen or equivalent

Filter

O

O

Regulator

Use inline rotameter

when

pulling purge nitrogen

through the system

(excess flow rate)

Orifice

Manometer

Dry Gas

Meter

By-Pass

Valve

Pump

Main

Valve

Vacuum

Gauge

Vacuum

Line
Page 10 of 161

Figure 3. Nitrogen Purge Train Configuration (Pressure Purge) 

Extended stem in first impinger

* * * * *

Water

Bath

(20 to 30 C / 68 to 85 F)

C

o

n

d

e

n

s

er

T

h

erm

o

c

o

u

ple

R

e

circ

ulatio

n

P

u

m

p

U

H

P

nitrogen or

equiv

alent

Filter

O

O

Use when pushing purge

nitrogen

through the system

(flow rate 14 lpm or H

@)

R

e

g

ulator

C

o

n

d

e

n

s

e

d

M

oisture

a

n

d

S

a

m

ple
Page 11 of 161

Figure 4—Field Train Recovery Blank Condensable Particulate 

Calculations

Field Train Recovery Blank Condensable Particulate Calculations 

Plant

Date

Blank No.

CPM Filter No.

Water volume added to purge train (Vp)

Field Reagent Blank Massa ml

Water (Section 11.2.7)

Acetone (Section 11.2.6) mg

Hexane (Section 11.2.8) mg

Field Train Recovery Blank Mass mg

Mass of Organic CPM (m ob) (Section 11.2.3)

Mass of Inorganic CPM (mib) (Equation 3) mg

Mass of the Field Train Recovery Blank (not to exceed 2.0 mg) (Equation 2) mg

mg

aField reagent blanks are optional and intended to provide the testing contractor 

with information they can use to implement corrective actions, if necessary, to 

reduce the residual mass contribution from reagents used in the field. Field 

reagent blanks are not used to correct the CPM measurement results.

Table reprinted for improved clarity
Page 12 of 161

Figure 5—Other Field Train Sample Condensable Particulate Data

Other Field Train Sample Condensable Particulate Data

Plant

Date

Run No.

CPM Filter No.

Water volume added to purge train (max 50 ml) (Vp) ml

Date

Run No.

CPM Filter No.

Water volume added to purge train (max 50 ml) (Vp) ml

Date

Run No.

CPM Filter No.

Water volume added to purge train (max 50 ml) (Vp) ml

Table reprinted for improved clarity
Page 13 of 161

Figure 6—CPM Work Table

Calculations for Recovery of Condensable PM (CPM)

Plant

Date

Run No.

Sample Preparation—CPM Containers No. 1 and 2 (Section 11.1):

Was significant volume of water lost during transport? Yes or No

If Yes, measure the volume received

Estimate the volume lost during transport ml

Plant

Date

Run No.

Was significant volume of organic rinse lost during transport? Yes or No

If Yes, measure the volume received

Estimate the volume lost during transport. ml

For Titration:

Normality of NH4OH (N) (Section 10.2) N

Volume of titrant (Vt) (Section 11.2.2.2) ml

Mass of NH4 added (mc) (Equation 1) mg

For CPM Blank Weights:

Inorganic Field Train Recovery Blank Mass(mib) (Section 9.9) mg 

Organic Field Train Recovery Blank Mass (mob) (Section 9.9) mg

Mass of Field Train Recovery Blank (Mfb) (max. 2 mg) (Equation 2) mg

For CPM Train Weights:

Mass of Organic CPM (mo) (Section 11.2.3) mg

Mass of Inorganic CPM (mi) (Equation 3) mg 

Total CPM Mass (mcpm) (Equation 4) mg

Table reprinted for improved clarity
Page 14 of 161

Part 60 – STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES

1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as 

follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et. seq.

§60.8 [Amended]

2. By revising §60.8(g)(1) and adding new paragraphs (h) and 

(i) to read as follows:

§60.8 Performance tests.

* * * * *

(g) * * *

(1) The source owner, operator, or representative of the tested 

facility shall obtain an audit sample, if commercially available, 

from an AASP for each test method used for regulatory compliance 

purposes. No audit samples are required for the following test 

methods: Methods 3A and 3C of Appendix A-3 of Part 60, Methods 6C, 

7E, 9, and 10 of Appendix A-4 of Part 60, Methods 18 and 19 of 

Appendix A-6 of Part 60, Methods 20, 22, and 25A of Appendix A-7 of 

Part 60, and Methods 303, 318, 320, and 321 of Appendix A of Part 63. 

If multiple sources at a single facility are tested during a 

compliance test event, only one audit sample is required for each 

method used during a compliance test. The compliance authority 
Page 15 of 161

responsible for the compliance test may waive the requirement to 

include an audit sample if they believe that an audit sample is not 

necessary. “Commercially available” means that two or more 

independent AASPs have blind audit samples available for purchase. If 

the source owner, operator, or representative cannot find an audit 

sample for a specific method, the owner, operator, or representative 

shall consult the EPA web site at the following URL, 

www.epa.gov/ttn/emc, to confirm whether there is a source that can 

supply an audit sample for that method. If the EPA web site does not 

list an available audit sample at least 60 days prior to the 

beginning of the compliance test, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall not be required to include an audit sample as 

part of the quality assurance program for the compliance test. When 

ordering an audit sample, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall give the sample provider an estimate for the 

concentration of each pollutant that is emitted by the source or the 

estimated concentration of each pollutant based on the permitted 

level and the name, address, and phone number of the compliance 

authority. The source owner, operator, or representative shall report 

the results for the audit sample along with a summary of the emission 

test results for the audited pollutant to the compliance authority 

and shall report the results of the audit sample to the AASP. The 

source owner, operator, or representative shall make both reports at 

the same time and in the same manner or shall report to the 

compliance authority first and then report to the AASP. If the method 
Page 16 of 161

being audited is a method that allows the samples to be analyzed in 

the field and the tester plans to analyze the samples in the field, 

the tester may analyze the audit samples prior to collecting the 

emission samples provided a representative of the compliance 

authority is present at the testing site. The tester may request, and 

the compliance authority may grant, a waiver to the requirement that 

a representative of the compliance authority must be present at the 

testing site during the field analysis of an audit sample. The source 

owner, operator, or representative may report the results of the 

audit sample to the compliance authority and report the results of 

the audit sample to the AASP prior to collecting any emission 

samples. The test protocol and final test report shall document 

whether an audit sample was ordered and utilized and the pass/fail 

results as applicable.

* * * * *

(h) Unless otherwise specified in the applicable subpart, each 

test location must be verified to be free of cyclonic flow and 

evaluated for the existence of emission gas stratification and the 

required number of sampling traverse points. If other procedures are 

not specified in the applicable subpart to the regulations, use the 

appropriate procedures in Method 1 to check for cyclonic flow and 

Method 7E to evaluate emission gas stratification and selection of 

sampling points. 
Page 17 of 161

(i) Whenever the use of multiple calibration gases is required 

by a test method, performance specification, or quality assurance 

procedure in a part 60 standard or appendix, Method 205 of 40 CFR 

Part 51, Appendix M, “Verification of Gas Dilution Systems for Field 

Instrument Calibrations,” may be used.

* * * * *

§60.13 [Amended]

3. By revising §60.13(d)(1) as follows: 

§60.13 Monitoring requirements.

* * * * *

(d)(1) Owners and operators of a CEMS installed in accordance 

with the provisions of this part, must check the zero (or low level 

value between 0 and 20 percent of span value) and span (50 to 100 

percent of span value) calibration drifts at least once daily in 

accordance with a written procedure. The zero and span must, at a 

minimum, be adjusted whenever either the 24-hour zero drift or the 

24-hour span drift exceeds two times the limit of the applicable 

performance specification in Appendix B of this part. The system 

must allow the amount of the excess zero and span drift to be 

recorded and quantified whenever specified. Owners and operators of a 

COMS installed in accordance with the provisions of this part must

check the zero and upscale (span) calibration drifts at least once 

daily. For a particular COMS, the acceptable range of zero and 
Page 18 of 161

upscale calibration materials is defined in the applicable version of 

PS–1 in Appendix B of this part. For a COMS, the optical surfaces, 

exposed to the effluent gases, must be cleaned before performing the 

zero and upscale drift adjustments, except for systems using 

automatic zero adjustments. The optical surfaces must be cleaned when 

the cumulative automatic zero compensation exceeds 4 percent opacity.

* * * * *

§60.17 [Amended]

4. By revising §60.17(e) and (e)(1) as follows:

§60.17 Incorporations by reference.

* * * * *

(e) The following material is available for purchase from the 

Water Environment Federation, 2626 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W ., 

Washington, DC 20037.

(1) Method 209A, Total Residue Dried at 103–105 °C, in Standard 

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 

1999 , IBR approved February 25, 1985, for §60.683(b).

* * * * *

§60.46b [Amended]

5. By revising §60.46b (f)(1)(ii) and (h)(1) and (2) as 

follows:

§60.46b Compliance and performance test methods and procedures for 

particulate matter and nitrogen oxides.
Page 19 of 161

* * * * *

(f)* * * 

(1)* * * 

(ii) Method 7E of Appendix A of this part or Method 320 of 

Appendix A of Part 63 shall be used to determine the NOX 

concentrations. Method 3A or 3B of Appendix A of this part shall be 

used to determine O2 concentration.

* * * * *

(h)* * * 

(1) Conduct an initial performance test as required under §60.8 

over a minimum of 24 consecutive steam generating unit operating 

hours at maximum heat input capacity to demonstrate compliance with 

the NOX emission standards under §60.44b using Method 7, 7A, or 7E of 

Appendix A of this part, Method 320 of Appendix A of Part 63, or 

other approved reference methods; and

(2) Conduct subsequent performance tests once per calendar year 

or every 400 hours of operation (whichever comes first) to 

demonstrate compliance with the NOX emission standards under §60.44b 

over a minimum of 3 consecutive steam generating unit operating hours 

at maximum heat input capacity using Method 7, 7A, or 7E of Appendix

A of this part, Method 320 of Appendix A of Part 63, or other 

approved reference methods.
Page 20 of 161

* * * * *

§60.47b [Amended]

6. By revising §60.47b(b)(2)as follows:

§60.47b Emission monitoring for sulfur dioxide.

* * * * *

(b)* * * 

(2) Measuring SO2 according to Method 6B of Appendix A of this 

part at the inlet or outlet to the SO2 control system. An initial 

stratification test is required to verify the adequacy of the 

sampling location for Method 6B of Appendix A of this part. The 

stratification test shall consist of three paired runs of a suitable 

SO2 and CO2 measurement train operated at the candidate location and a 

second similar train operated according to the procedures in Section

3.2 and the applicable procedures in Section 7 of Performance 

Specification 2. Method 6B of Appendix A of this part, Method 6A of 

Appendix A of this part, or a combination of Methods 6 and 3 or 3B 

of Appendix A of this part or Methods 6C or Method 320 of Appendix A 

of Part 63 and 3A of Appendix A of this part are suitable 

measurement techniques. If Method 6B of Appendix A of this part is 

used for the second train, sampling time and timer operation may be 

adjusted for the stratification test as long as an adequate sample 

volume is collected; however, both sampling trains are to be operated 

similarly. For the location to be adequate for Method 6B of Appendix
Page 21 of 161

A of this part, 24-hour tests, the mean of the absolute difference 

between the three paired runs must be less than 10 percent.

* * * * *

§60.51c [Amended]

7. By revising the definition of medical/infectious waste in

§60.51c as follows:

§ 60.51c Definitions.

* * * 

Medical/infectious waste means any waste generated in the 

diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in 

research pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of 

biologicals that are listed in paragraphs (1) through (7) of this 

definition. The definition of medical/infectious waste does not 

include hazardous waste identified or listed under the regulations in 

part 261 of this chapter; household waste, as defined in §261.4(b)(1) 

of this chapter; ash from incineration of medical/infectious waste, 

once the incineration process has been completed; human corpses, 

remains, and anatomical parts that are intended for interment or 

cremation ; and domestic sewage materials identified in §261.4(a)(1) 

of this chapter.

* * * * *

§60.84 [Amended]

8. By revising the equation in §60.84(d) as follows:
Page 22 of 161

§60.84 Emission monitoring.

* * * * *

(d) * * *

Es = (Cs S)/[0.265–(0.0126 %O2)–(A %CO2)]

* * * * *

§60.154 [Amended]

9. By revising §60.154(b)(5) as follows:

§60.154 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(b) * * * 

(5) Samples of the sludge charged to the incinerator shall be 

collected in nonporous jars at the beginning of each run and at 

approximately 1-hour intervals thereafter until the test ends; and 

“2540 G. Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Solid and Semisolid 

Samples, in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and 

Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998” (incorporated by reference—see 

§60.17) shall be used to determine dry sludge content of each sample 

(total solids residue), except that:

* * * * *

§60.284 [Amended]

10. By revising the equation in §60.284(c)(3) as follows: 

§ 60.284 Monitoring of emissions and operations.

* * * * *
Page 23 of 161

(c)* * * 

(3)* * * 

C corr= C meas×(21− X)/(21− Y )

* * * * *

§60.335 [Amended]

11. By revising two terms for the equation in paragraph 

§60.335(b)(1) as follows:

§60.335 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(b)* * * 

(1)* * * 

Pr= reference combustor inlet absolute pressure at 101.3 

kilopascals ambient pressure. Alternatively, you may use 760 mm Hg

(29.92 in Hg),

Po= observed combustor inlet absolute pressure at test, mm Hg. 

Alternatively, you may use the barometric pressure for the date of 

the test,

* * * * *

§60.374 [Amended]

12. By revising §60.374(b)(1), (b)(2), and (c)(2) as follows:

§ 60.374 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(b) * * * 
Page 24 of 161

(1) Method 12 or Method 29 shall be used to determine the lead 

concentration (CPb) and, if applicable, the volumetric flow rate (Qsda) 

of the effluent gas. The sampling time and sample volume for each run 

shall be at least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf).

(2) When different operations in a three-process operation 

facility are ducted to separate control devices, the lead emission 

concentration (C) from the facility shall be determined as follows:

    















n

a

sda

n

a

C CaQsda Q

1 1

/

Where:

C = concentration of lead emissions for the entire facility,mg/dscm 

(gr/dscf).

Ca = concentration of lead emissions from facility “a”, mg/dscm 

(gr/dscf).

Qsda = volumetric flow rate of effluent gas from facility “a”, 

dscm/hr (dscf/hr).

N = total number of control devices to which separate 

operations in the facility are ducted.

* * * * *

(c)* * * 

(2) Method 12 or Method 29 shall be used to determine the lead 

concentration (CPb) and the volumetric flow rate (Qsd) of the effluent 

gas. The sampling time and sample volume for each run shall be at 

least 60 minutes and 0.85 dscm (30 dscf).
Page 25 of 161

* * * * *

§60.382 [Amended]

13. By revising paragraph 60.382(a)(1) as follows:

§ 60.382 Standard for particulate matter.

* * * * *

(a)* * * 

(1) Contain particulate matter in excess of 0.05 grams per dry 

standard cubic meter (0.05 g/dscm).

* * * * *

§60.386 [Amended]

14. By revising paragraph 60.386(b)(2) as follows:

§60.386 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(2) Method 9 and the procedures in §60.11 shall be used to 

determine opacity from stack emissions and process fugitive 

emissions. The observer shall read opacity only when emissions are 

clearly identified as emanating solely from the affected facility 

being observed. A single visible emission observer may conduct 

visible emission observations for up to three fugitive, stack, or 

vent emission points within a 15-second interval. This option is 

subject to the following limitations:

(i) No more than three emission points are read concurrently;
Page 26 of 161

(ii) All three emission points must be within a 70o viewing 

sector or angle in front of the observer such that the proper sun 

position can be maintained for all three points; and

(iii) If an opacity reading for any one of the three emission 

points is within 5 percent opacity of the application standard, then 

the observer must stop taking readings for the other two points and 

continue reading just that single point.

* * * * *

§60.472 [Amended]

15. By revising §60.472(a)(1)(ii) as follows:

§ 60.472 Standards for particulate matter.

* * * * *

(a) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(ii) 0.4 kg/Mg (0.8 lb/ton) of saturated felt or smooth-surfaced 

roll roofing produced;

* * * * *

§60.660 [Amended]

16. By revising §60.660(c)(4) as follows:

§ 60.660 Applicability and designation of affected facility.

* * * * *

(c) * * * 
Page 27 of 161

(4) Each affected facility that has a total resource 

effectiveness (TRE) index value greater than 8.0 is exempt from all 

provisions of this subpart except for §§60.662; 60.664 (e), (f), and 

(g); and 60.665 (h) and (l).

* * * * *

§60.665 [Amended]

17. By revising §60.665(h)(2) and (3) as follows:

§ 60.665 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

* * * * *

(h) * * * 

(2) Any recalculation of the TRE index value performed pursuant 

to §60.664(g); and

(3) The results of any performance test performed pursuant to 

the methods and procedures required by §60.664(e).

* * * * *

18. By revising Table 7 in the appendix to Subpart IIII as 

follows: 

Subpart IIII — Standards of Performance for Stationary Compression 

Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

* * * * *
Page 28 of 161

Table 7 to Subpart IIII of Part 60—Requirements for Performance Tests for 

Stationary CI ICE With a Displacement of ≥30 Liters per Cylinder

[As stated in §60.4213, you must comply with the following requirements for performance tests 

for stationary CI ICE with a displacement of ≥30 liters per cylinder:]

Each

Complying 

with the

requirement 

to

You must Using

According to the 

following 

requirements

1. 

Stationary 

CI internal 

combustion 

engine with 

a 

displacement 

of ≥30 

liters per 

cylinder

a. Reduce 

NOX emissions

by 90 percent 

or more

i. Measure NOX at 

the centroid of the 

exhaust at the inlet 

and outlet of the 

control device; 

(1) Method 7E

of 40 CFR 

part 60, 

Appendix A, 

Method 320 of 40 

CFR part 63, 

appendix A, or 

ASTM D 6348–03 

(incorporated by 

reference, see 

§60.17)

(a) NOX concentration

must be at 15 percent 

O2, dry basis. Results of 

this test consist of the 

average of the three 

1-hour or longer runs.

 

ii. Measure O2

at the inlet and 

outlet of the 

control device;

and,

(2) Method 3, 

3A, or 3B of 

40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A

(b) Measurements 

to determine O2

concentration must be 

made at the same 

time as the 

measurements for 

NOX concentration.

 

iii. If 

necessary, 

measure 

moisture 

content at the 

inlet and 

outlet of the 

control device.

(3) Method 4 

of 40 CFR Part

60, Appendix

A, Method 320 

of 40 CFR Part

63, Appendix

A, or ASTM D 

6348–03 

(incorporated 

by reference, 

see §60.17)

(c) Measurements 

to determine 

moisture content 

must be made at 

the same time as 

the measurements 

for NOX concentration.

 b. Limit the 

concentration of 

i. Measure NOX 

at the centroid of 

(1) Method 7E 

of 40 CFR Part

(a) If using a control 

device, the sampling site 
Page 29 of 161

NOX in the 

stationary CI 

internal 

combustion 

engine exhaust.

the exhaust of the 

stationary internal 

combustion engine;

60, Appendix

A, Method 320 

of 40 CFR Part

63, Appendix

A, or ASTM D 

6348–03 

(incorporated 

by reference, 

see §60.17)

must be located at the 

outlet of the control 

device. NOX

concentration must be 

at 15 percent O2, 

dry basis. Results 

of this test 

consist of the 

average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.

 

ii. Determine 

the 

O2concentration 

of the 

stationary 

internal 

combustion 

engine exhaust 

at the sampling 

port location; 

and,

(2) Method 3, 

3A, or 3B of 

40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A

(b) Measurements 

to determine O2

concentration must be 

made at the same 

time as the 

measurement for 

NOX concentration.

 

iii. If 

necessary, 

measure 

moisture 

content of the 

stationary 

internal 

combustion 

engine exhaust 

at the sampling 

port location.

(3) Method 4 

of 40 CFR Part

60, Appendix

A, Method 320 

of 40 CFR Part

63, Appendix

A, or ASTM D 

6348–03 

(incorporated 

by reference, 

see §60.17)

(c) Measurements 

to determine 

moisture content 

must be made at 

the same time as 

the measurement 

for NOX concentration.

 

c. Reduce PM 

emissions by

60 percent or 

more

i. Select the 

sampling port 

location and 

the number of 

traverse 

points;

(1) Method 1 

or 1A of 40 

CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A

(a) Sampling sites 

must be located at 

the inlet and 

outlet of the 

control device.

 ii. Measure O2

at the inlet and 

(2) Method 3, 

3A, or 3B of 

(b) Measurements 

to determine O2
Page 30 of 161

outlet of the 

control device;

40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A

concentration must be 

made at the same 

time as the 

measurements for 

PM concentration.

 

iii. If 

necessary, 

measure 

moisture 

content at the 

inlet and 

outlet of the 

control device; 

and

(3) Method 4 

of 40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A

(c) Measurements 

to determine and 

moisture content 

must be made at 

the same time as 

the measurements 

for PM 

concentration.

 

iv. Measure PM 

at the inlet 

and outlet of 

the control 

device

(4) Method 5 

of 40 CFR Part

60, appendix 

A

(d) PM 

concentration must 

be at 15 percent 

O2, dry basis. 

Results of this 

test consist of 

the average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.

 

d. Limit the 

concentration 

of PM in the 

stationary CI 

internal 

combustion 

engine 

exhaust

i. Select the 

sampling port 

location and 

the number of 

traverse 

points;

(1) Method 1 

or 1A of 40 

CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A

(a) If using a 

control device, 

the sampling site 

must be located at 

the outlet of the 

control device.

 

ii. Determine 

the O2

concentration of 

the stationary 

internal 

combustion 

engine exhaust 

at the sampling 

port location; 

and

(2) Method 3, 

3A, or 3B of 

40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A

(b) Measurements 

to determine O2

concentration must be 

made at the same 

time as the 

measurements for 

PM concentration.
Page 31 of 161

 

iii. If 

necessary, 

measure 

moisture 

content of the 

stationary 

internal 

combustion 

engine exhaust 

at the sampling 

port location; 

(3) Method 4 

of 40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A

(c) Measurements 

to determine 

moisture content 

must be made at 

the same time as 

the measurements 

for PM 

concentration.

 

iv. Measure PM 

at the exhaust 

of the 

stationary 

internal 

combustion 

engine.

(4) Method 5 

of 40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A

(d) PM 

concentration must 

be at 15 percent 

O2, dry basis. 

Results of this 

test consist of 

the average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.

19. By revising Table 2 in the appendix to Subpart JJJJ as 

follows: 

Subpart JJJJ—Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition 

Internal Combustion Engines

* * * * *
Page 32 of 161

Table 2 to Subpart JJJJ of Part 60—Requirements for Performance Tests

[As stated in §60.4244, you must comply with the following requirements for performance tests 

within 10 percent of 100 percent peak (or the highest achievable) load]

For each

Complying with 

the

requirement to You must Using

According to 

the 

following 

requirements

1. Stationary 

SI internal 

combustion 

engine 

demonstrating 

compliance 

according to 

§60.4244.

a. limit the 

concentration of 

NOX in the 

stationary SI 

internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust.

i. Measure NOX at 

the centroid of the 

exhaust of the 

stationary internal 

combustion 

engine;

(1) Method 7E of 

40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A, Method 

D6522–00(2005)a, 

Method 320 of 40 CFR 

Part 63, Appendix A, or 

ASTM D6348–03 

(incorporated by 

reference, see §60.17).

(a) If using 

a control 

device, the 

sampling 

site must be 

located at 

the outlet 

of the 

control 

device.

Results of this 

test consist of the 

average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.

 ii. Determine the 

O2 concentration of 

the stationary

internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust;

(2) Method 3, 3A, or 

3Bbof 40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A or ASTM 

Method D6522–

00(2005)a

(b) 

Measurements to 

determine O2

concentration 

must be made at 

the same time as 

the 

measurements 

for NOX

concentration.

 iii. Determine the 

exhaust flow rate 

of the stationary

internal

combustion engine 

exhaust; and

(3) Method 2 or 19 of 

40 CFR Part 60.
Page 33 of 161

 iv. If necessary, 

measure moisture 

content of the 

stationary internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust at the 

sampling port 

location.

(4) Method 4 of 40 CFR 

Part 60, Appendix A, 

Method 320 of 40 CFR 

Part 63, Appendix A, or 

ASTM D6348–03 

(incorporated by 

reference, see §60.17).

(c) 

Measurements to 

determine 

moisture must be 

made at the same 

time as the 

measurement for 

NOX

concentration.

 b. limit the 

concentration of CO 

in the stationary 

SI internal 

combustion engine

exhaust.

i. Sample for CO 

at the centroid of 

the stack of the 

stationary internal 

combustion 

engine;

. (1) Method 10 of 40 

CFR Part 60, Appendix 

A, ASTM Method 

D6522–00(2005)a, 

Method 320 of 40 CFR 

Part 63, Appendix A, or 

ASTM D 6348–03 

(incorporated by 

reference, see §60.17).

(a) If using a 

control device, 

the sampling site 

must be located 

at the outlet of 

the control 

device. Results 

of this test 

consist of the 

average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.

 ii. Determine the 

O2concentration of 

the stationary

internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust at the 

sampling port 

location;

. (2) Method 3, 3A, or 

3Bb of 40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A or ASTM 

Method D6522–

00(2005)a.

(b) 

Measurements to 

determine 

O2concentration 

must be made at 

the same time as 

the 

measurements 

for CO 

concentration.

 iii. Determine the 

exhaust flow rate 

of the stationary

internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust; and,

(3) Method 2 or 19 of 

40 CFR Part 60.
Page 34 of 161

 iv. If necessary, 

measure moisture 

content of the 

stationary internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust at the 

sampling port 

location.

. (4) Method 4 of 40 

CFR Part 60, Appendix 

A, Method 320 of 40

CFR Part 63, Appendix 

A, or ASTM D6348–03 

(incorporated by 

reference, see §60.17).

(c) 

Measurements to 

determine 

moisture must be 

made at the same 

time as the 

measurement for 

CO 

concentration.

 c. limit the 

concentration of 

VOC in the 

stationary SI

internal 

combustion engine

exhaust.

i. Measure VOC at 

the centroid of the 

exhaust of the 

stationary internal 

combustion 

engine;

. (1) Methods 25A and 

18 of 40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A, Method 

25A with the use of a 

methane cutter as 

described in 40 CFR 

1065.265, Method 18 or 

40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A, cdMethod 

320 of 40 CFR part 63, 

Appendix A, or ASTM 

D6348–03 

(incorporated by 

reference, see §60.17).

(a) If using a 

control device, 

the sampling site 

must be located 

at the outlet of 

the control 

device. Results 

of this test 

consist of the 

average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.

 ii. Determine the 

O2concentration of 

the stationary

internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust at the 

sampling port 

location;

. (2) Method 3, 3A, or 

3Bbof 40 CFR Part 60, 

Appendix A or ASTM 

Method D6522–

00(2005)a.

(b) 

Measurements to 

determine O2

concentration 

must be made at 

the same time as 

the 

measurements 

for VOC 

concentration.

 iii. Determine the 

exhaust flow rate 

of the stationary

internal 

combustion engine 

(3) Method 2 or 19 of 

40 CFR part 60.
Page 35 of 161

exhaust; and

 iv. If necessary, 

measure moisture 

content of the 

stationary internal 

combustion engine 

exhaust at the 

sampling port 

location.

. (4) Method 4 of 40 

CFR Part 60, Appendix 

A, Method 320 of 40 

CFR Part 63, Appendix 

A, or ASTM D6348–03 

(incorporated by 

reference, see §60.17).

(c) 

Measurements to 

determine 

moisture must be 

made at the same 

time as the 

measurement for 

VOC 

concentration

aASTM D6522–00 is incorporated by reference; see 40 CFR 60.17. Also, you may petition the 

Administrator for approval to use alternative methods for portable analyzer.

bYou may use ASME PTC 19.10–1981, Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses, for measuring the O2content 

of the exhaust gas as an alternative to EPA Method 3B.

cYou may use EPA Method 18 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, provided that you conduct an 

adequate presurvey test prior to the emissions test, such as the one described in OTM 11 on 

EPA's Web site ( http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/prelim/otm11.pdf ).

dYou may use ASTM D6420–99 (2004), Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Organic Compounds 

by Direct Interface Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry as an alternative to EPA Method 18 

for measuring total nonmethane organic.

* * * * *

20. In Method 1 of Appendix A-1 by revising Sections 11.2.2, 

11.4.1, and Figures 1-1 and 1-2 as follows:

Method 1 – Sample and Velocity Traverses from Stationary Sources

* * * * *

11.2.2 Velocity and Gaseous (Non-Particulate) Traverses.

Perform a stratification test to determine the appropriate number of 

sample traverse points. If testing for multiple pollutants or 

diluents at the same site, a stratification test using only one 

pollutant or diluent satisfies this requirement. A stratification 
Page 36 of 161

test is not required for small stacks that are less than 4 inches in 

diameter. When the 8- and 2-diameter criterion can be met, the 

minimum number of traverse points for the stratification test will be 

12. Test for stratification using a probe of appropriate length to 

measure the gas concentration at the required traverse points located 

according to Table 1–2. Alternatively (if the 8- and 2-diameter 

criterion is met), you may measure the gas concentration at three 

points on a line passing through the centroidal area. Space the three 

points at 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of the measurement line. 

Sample for a minimum of twice the system response time at each 

traverse point. Calculate the individual point and mean 

concentrations. If the concentration at each traverse point differs 

from the mean concentration for all traverse points by no more than: 

(a) ± 5.0 percent of the mean concentration; or (b) ± 0.5 ppm 

(whichever is less restrictive), the gas stream is considered 

unstratified and you may collect samples from a single point that 

most closely matches the mean. If the 5.0 percent or 0.5 ppm 

criterion is not met, but the concentration at each traverse point 

differs from the mean concentration for all traverse points by no 

more than: (a) ± 10.0 percent of the mean; or (b) ± 1.0 ppm 

(whichever is less restrictive), the gas stream is considered to be 

minimally stratified, and you may take samples from three points. 

Space the three points at 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of the 

measurement line. Alternatively, if a 12-point stratification test 

was performed and the emissions were shown to be minimally stratified 
Page 37 of 161

(all points within ± 10.0 percent of their mean or within ± 1.0 ppm), 

and if the stack diameter (or equivalent diameter, for a rectangular 

stack or duct) is greater than 2.4 meters (7.8 ft), then you may use 

3-point sampling and locate the three points along the measurement 

line exhibiting the highest average concentration during the 

stratification test at 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0 meters from the stack or duct 

wall. If the gas stream is found to be stratified because the 10.0 

percent or 1.0 ppm criterion for a 3-point test is not met, locate 12

traverse points for the test in accordance with Table 1–2.

* * * * *

11.4.1 In most stationary sources, the direction of stack gas 

flow is essentially parallel to the stack walls. However, cyclonic 

flow may exist (1) after such devices as cyclones and inertial 

demisters following venturi scrubbers, or (2) in stacks having 

tangential inlets or other duct configurations which tend to induce 

swirling. Determine the presence or absence of cyclonic flow at each

sampling location. The following techniques are acceptable for this 

determination.

* * * * *
Page 38 of 161
Page 39 of 161

* * * * *

21. In Method 2 of Appendix A-1 by revising Sections 8.1, 10.4, 

12.6, and 12.7, by revising the note at the end of 10.1.1, and by 

adding a term to Section 12.1 as follows:

Method 2 — Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow 

Rate (Type S Pitot Tube)

* * * * *

8.1 Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 2-1. Capillary 

tubing or surge tanks installed between the manometer and pitot tube 

may be used to dampen ΔP fluctuations. It is recommended, but not 

required, that a pretest leak-check be conducted as follows: (1) blow 

through the pitot impact opening until at least 7.6 cm (3.0 in.) H2O

velocity head registers on the manometer; then, close off the impact 

opening. The pressure shall remain stable (±2.5 mm H2O, ±0.10 in. H2O) 

for at least 15 seconds; (2) do the same for the static pressure 

side, except using suction to obtain the minimum of 7.6 cm (3.0 in.) 

H2O. Other leak-check procedures, subject to the approval of the 

Administrator, may be used.

* * * * *

10.1.1 * * * 

Note: Do not use a Type S pitot tube assembly that is constructed 

such that the impact pressure opening plane of the pitot tube is 

below the entry plane of the nozzle (see Figure 2–7B ).
Page 40 of 161

* * * * *

10.4 Barometer. Calibrate the barometer used against a mercury 

barometer or NIST-traceable barometer prior to each field test.

* * * * *

12.1 Nomenclature

* * * 

Ts(abavg) – Average absolute stack temperature, °K (°R).

* * * * *

12.6 Average Stack Gas Velocity.

 =  





∑ ∆



 

()



. 2 − 7 

Where:

Kp = Metric

K mm H O

m g g mole mm Hg

o

1/ 2

2

( )( )

( / )( )

sec

34.97 









 

 

English

R in H O

ft lb lb mole in Hg

o

1/ 2

2

( )( . )

( / )( . )

sec

85.49 









 



12.7 Average Stack Gas Dry Volumetric Flow Rate.

Q = 3600(1 − B) 



() . 2 − 8

* * * * *

22. In Method 2A of Appendix A-1 by revising Sections 10.3 and 

12.2 as follows:

Method 2A — Direct Measurement of Gas Volume Through Pipes and Small 

Ducts
Page 41 of 161

* * * * *

10.3 Barometer. Calibrate the barometer used against a mercury 

barometer or NIST-traceable barometer prior to the field test.

* * * * *

12.2 Test Meter Calibration Coefficient.

. 2 1

( )( )/

( ) /

( )

( )



 



 Eq A

V V P P T

V V P T

Y

mf mi b g m abs

rf ri b r abs

m

* * * * *

23. In Method 2B of Appendix A-1 by revising Section 12.1 as 

follows:

Method 2B – Determination of Exhaust Gas Volume Flow Rate from 

Gasoline Vapor Incinerators

* * * * *

12.1 Nomenclature.

COe = Mean carbon monoxide concentration in system exhaust, 

ppm.

(CO2)a= Ambient carbon dioxide concentration, ppm (if not 

measured during the test period, may be assumed to equal 380 ppm).

(CO2)e = Mean carbon dioxide concentration in system exhaust, 

ppm.
Page 42 of 161

HCe = Mean organic concentration in system exhaust as defined 

by the calibration gas, ppm.

Hci = Mean organic concentration in system inlet as defined by 

the calibration gas, ppm.

Ke = Hydrocarbon calibration gas factor for the exhaust 

hydrocarbon analyzer, unitless [equal to the number of carbon atoms 

per molecule of the gas used to calibrate the analyzer (2 for ethane, 

3 for propane, etc.)].

Ki = Hydrocarbon calibration gas factor for the inlet 

hydrocarbon analyzer, unitless.

Ves = Exhaust gas volume, m3 .

Vis = Inlet gas volume, m3 .

Qes = Exhaust gas volume flow rate, m3 /min.

Qis = Inlet gas volume flow rate, m3 /min.

Θ = Sample run time, min.

S = Standard conditions: 20 °C, 760 mm Hg.

* * * * *

24. In Method 2D of Appendix A-1 by revising Section 10.4 as 

follows: 

Method 2D — Measurement of Gas Volume Flow Rates in Small Pipes and 

Ducts

* * * * *
Page 43 of 161

10.4 Barometer. Calibrate the barometer used against a mercury 

barometer or NIST-traceable barometer prior to the field test.

* * * * *

25. In Method 3A of Appendix A-2 by revising Section 7.1 as 

follows:

Method 3A – Determination of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations 

in Emissions From Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer 

Procedure)

* * * * *

7.1 Calibration Gas. What calibration gases do I need? Refer 

to Section 7.1 of Method 7E for the calibration gas requirements. 

Example calibration gas mixtures are listed below. Pre-cleaned or 

scrubbed air may be used for the O2 high-calibration gas provided it 

does not contain other gases that interfere with the O2 measurement.

(a) CO2 in Nitrogen (N2).

(b) CO2 in air.

(c) CO2/SO2 gas mixture in N2.

(d) O2/SO2 gas mixture in N2.

(e) O2/CO2/SO2 gas mixture in N2.

(f) CO2/NOx gas mixture in N2.

(g) CO2/SO2/NOx gas mixture in N2.
Page 44 of 161

The tests for analyzer calibration error and system bias require 

high-, mid-, and low-level gases.

* * * * *

26. In Method 4 of Appendix A-3 by revising Sections 9.1 and 16

as follows: 

Method 4 — Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases

* * * * *

9.1 Miscellaneous Quality Control Measures.

Section Quality control measure Effect

Section 

8.1.1.4

Leak rate of the sampling system 

cannot exceed four percent of the 

average sampling rate or 0.00057 

m

3/min (0.020 cfm)

Ensures the accuracy of the 

volume of gas sampled. 

(Reference Method)

Section 

8.2.1

Leak rate of the sampling system 

cannot exceed two percent of the 

average sampling rate

Ensures the accuracy of the 

volume of gas sampled. 

(Approximation Method)

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures

16.1 The procedure described in Method 5 for determining 

moisture content is an acceptable alternative to Method 4.

16.2 The procedures in Method 6A for determining moisture is an 

acceptable alternative to Method 4.

16.3 Method 320 is an acceptable alternative to Method 4 for 

determining moisture.
Page 45 of 161

16.4 Using F-factors to determine moisture is an acceptable 

alternative to Method 4. For a combustion stack not using a scrubber, 

the moisture content may be calculated as follows:

 =  +  + 

Where: 

BA = Mole fraction of moisture in the ambient air.

=

%

100 

[10[.(



.)

]

BF = Mole fraction of moisture from free water in the fuel.

 = 

0.0036  + 0.075 

100 [

20.9 − 

20.9

]

BH = Mole fraction of moisture from the hydrogen in the fuel.

 

20.9

20.9

1

O2

F

F

B

w

d

H



















 

Bws = Mole fraction of moisture in the stack gas.

Fd = Volume of dry combustion components per unit of heat 

content at 0 percent oxygen, dscf/106 Btu (scm/J). See Table 19-2 in 

Method 19.
Page 46 of 161

FW = Volume of wet combustion components per unit of heat 

content at 0 percent oxygen, wet scf/106 Btu (scm/J). See Table 19-2 

in Method 19.

%RH = Percent relative humidity (calibrated hydrometer 

acceptable), percent.

PBar = Barometric pressure, in. Hg (mm Hg).

T = Ambient temperature, oF (oC).

W = Percent free water by weight, percent.

O2 = Percent oxygen in stack gas, dry basis, percent.

* * * * *

27. In Method 5 of Appendix A-3 by deleting Section 7.1.5 and 

by revising Sections 6.1.1.5, 6.1.1.7, 6.1.1.9, 7.1.3, 8.1, 8.3.4, 

8.7.3, 8.7.5, 10.3.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, Equation 5-13 in Section 

16.2.3.3, Section 16.3, and by adding Section 16.3 and reference 13 

to Section 17.0 as follows:

Method 5 — Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions From 

Stationary Sources

* * * * *

6.1.1.5 Filter Holder. Borosilicate glass, with a glass frit 

filter support and a silicone rubber gasket. Alternatively, Teflon 

filter holders may be used. Other materials of construction ( e.g., 

stainless steel or Viton) may be used, subject to the approval of the 

Administrator. The holder design shall provide a positive seal 

against leakage from the outside or around the filter. The holder 
Page 47 of 161

shall be attached immediately at the outlet of the probe (or cyclone, 

if used).

* * * * *

6.1.1.7 Temperature Sensor. A calibrated temperature sensor 

(rechecked at at least one point after each test ) shall be installed 

so that the sensing tip of the temperature sensor is in direct 

contact with the sample gas, and the temperature around the filter 

holder can be regulated and monitored during sampling.

* * * * *

6.1.1.9 Metering System. Vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, 

calibrated temperature sensors (rechecked at at least one point after 

each test ), dry gas meter (DGM) capable of measuring volume to 

within 2 percent, and related equipment, as shown in Figure 5–1.

Alternatively, an Isostack metering system may be used if all Method 

5 calibrations are performed, with the exception of those related to 

∆H@ in Section 9.2.1, wherein the sample flow rate system shall be 

calibrated in lieu of ∆H@ and shall not deviate by more than 5 

percent. Other metering systems capable of maintaining sampling rates 

within 10 percent of isokinetic and of determining sample volumes to 

within 2 percent may be used, subject to the approval of the 

Administrator. When the metering system is used in conjunction with a 

pitot tube, the system shall allow periodic checks of isokinetic 

rates.
Page 48 of 161

* * * * *

7.1.3 Water. When analysis of the material caught in the 

impingers is required, deionized distilled water (to conform to ASTM 

D 1193–77 or 91 Type 3 (incorporated by reference—see §60.17)) with 

≤0.001 percent residue shall be used. Run blanks prior to field use 

to eliminate a high blank on test samples, and use only water with 

low blank values (≤0.001 percent). 

* * * * *

8.1 Pretest Preparation. It is suggested that sampling 

equipment be maintained according to the procedures described in 

APTD-0576. Alternative mercury-free thermometers may be used if the 

thermometers are at a minimum equivalent in terms of performance or 

suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application.

* * * * *

8.3.4 Set up the train as shown in Figure 5–1 ensuring that the 

connections are leak-tight. Subject to the approval of the 

Administrator, a glass cyclone may be used between the probe and 

filter holder when the total particulate catch is expected to exceed 

100 mg or when water droplets are present in the stack gas.

* * * * *
Page 49 of 161

8.7.3 Before moving the sample train to the cleanup site, 

remove the probe from the sample train and cap the open outlet of the 

probe. Be careful not to lose any condensate that might be present. 

Cap the filter inlet where the probe was fastened. Remove the 

umbilical cord from the last impinger, and cap the impinger. If a 

flexible line is used between the first impinger or condenser and the 

filter holder, disconnect the line at the filter holder, and let any 

condensed water or liquid drain into the impingers or condenser. Cap

off the filter holder outlet and impinger inlet. Either ground-glass 

stoppers, plastic caps, or serum caps may be used to close these 

openings.

* * * * *

8.7.5 Save a portion of the acetone used for cleanup as a 

blank. For each container of acetone used for cleanup, save 200 ml 

and place it in a glass sample container labeled “acetone blank.” To 

minimize any particulate contamination, rinse the wash bottle prior 

to filling from the tested container. Take 200 ml of this acetone 

directly from the wash bottle being used, and place it in a glass 

sample container labeled “acetone blank.”

* * * * *

10.3.3 Acceptable Variation in Calibration Check. If the DGM 

coefficient values obtained before and after a test series differ by 

more than 5 percent, the test series shall either be voided, or 
Page 50 of 161

calculations for the test series shall be performed using whichever 

meter coefficient value ( i.e., before or after) gives the lower 

value of total sample volume.

* * * * *

10.4 Probe Heater Calibration. Use a heat source to generate 

air heated to selected temperatures that approximate those expected 

to occur in the sources to be sampled. Pass this air through the 

probe at a typical sample flow rate while measuring the probe inlet 

and outlet temperatures at various probe heater settings. For each 

air temperature generated, construct a graph of probe heating system 

setting versus probe outlet temperature. The procedure outlined in 

APTD–0576 can also be used. Probes constructed according to APTD–0581 

need not be calibrated if the calibration curves in APTD–0576 are 

used. Also, probes with outlet temperature monitoring capabilities do 

not require calibration. As an alternative, the following singlepoint calibration procedure may be used. After each test run series, 

check the accuracy (and, hence, the calibration) of each thermocouple 

system at ambient temperature, or any other temperature, within the 

range specified by the manufacturer, using a reference thermometer 

(either ASTM reference thermometer or a thermometer that has been 

calibrated against an ASTM reference thermometer). The temperatures 

of the thermocouple and reference thermometers shall agree to within 

±2 oF. NOTE: The probe heating system shall be calibrated before its 

initial use in the field.
Page 51 of 161

10.5 Temperature Sensors. Use the procedure in Section 10.3 of 

Method 2 to calibrate in-stack temperature sensors. Dial 

thermometers, such as are used for the DGM and condenser outlet, 

shall be calibrated against mercury-in-glass thermometers. An 

alternative mercury-free NIST-traceable thermometer may be used if 

the thermometer is, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance 

or suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application. 

10.6 Barometer. Calibrate against a mercury barometer or NISTtraceable barometer prior to the field test. Alternatively, 

barometric pressure may be obtained from a weather report that has 

been adjusted for the test point (on the stack) elevation.

* * * * *

16.2.3.3 * * * 

() = 

′ 



 Eq. 5-13

* * * * *

16.3 Alternative Post-Test Metering System Calibration. The 

following procedure may be used as an alternative to the post-test 

calibration described in Section 10.3.2. This alternative procedure 

does not detect leakages between the inlet of the metering system and 

the dry gas meter. Therefore, two steps must be included to make it 

an equivalent alternative: 1) The metering system must pass the posttest leak-check from either the inlet of the sampling train or the 
Page 52 of 161

inlet of the metering system. Therefore, if the train fails the 

former leak-check, another leak-check from the inlet of the metering 

system must be conducted; 2) The metering system must pass the leakcheck of that portion of the train from the pump to the orifice meter 

as described in Section 10.3.1.1.

16.3.1 After each test run, do the following:

16.3.1.1 Ensure that the metering system has passed the posttest leak-check. If not, conduct a leak-check of the metering system 

from its inlet.

16.3.1.2 Conduct the leak-check of that portion of the train 

from the pump to the orifice meter as described in Section 10.3.1.1.

16.3.1.3 Calculate Yqa for each test run using the following 

equation:

 =







.

∆@

∆

.









 √∆



Eq. 5-15

Where: 

Yqa = Dry gas meter calibration check value, dimensionless.

0.0319 = (29.92/528)(0.75)2(in. Hg/R) cfm2

.

∆H@ = Orifice meter calibration coefficient, in. H2O.

Md = Dry molecular weight of stack gas, lb/lb-mole.

29 = Dry molecular weight of air, lb/lb-mole.

16.3.2 After each test run series, do the following:
Page 53 of 161

16.3.2.1 Average the three or more Yqa’s obtained from the test 

run series and compare this average Yqa with the dry gas meter 

calibration factor Y. The average Yqa must be within 5 percent of Y.

16.3.2.2 If the average Yqa does not meet the 5 percent 

criterion, recalibrate the meter over the full range of orifice 

settings as detailed in Section 10.3.1. Then follow the procedure in 

Section 10.3.3.

* * * * *

17.0 References.

* * * 

13. Shigehara, Roger T., P.G. Royals, and E.W. Steward. 

“Alternative Method 5 Post-Test Calibration.” Entropy Incorporated, 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

* * * * *

28. In Method 5A of Appendix A-3 by revising Section 8.1 as 

follows:

Method 5A — Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions From the 

Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Industry

* * * * * 

8.1 Pretest Preparation. Unless otherwise specified, maintain 

and calibrate all components according to the procedure described in 

APTD-0576, “Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of Isokinetic 

Source-Sampling Equipment” (Reference 3 in Method 5, Section 17.0).

Alternative mercury-free thermometers may be used if the thermometers 
Page 54 of 161

are, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance or suitably 

effective for the specific temperature measurement application.

* * * * * 

29. In Method 5E of Appendix A-3 by redesignating Section 16 as 

17, Section 17 as 18, and by adding a new Section 16 as follows:

Method 5E — Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions From the 

Wool Fiberglass Insulation Manufacturing Industry

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures

16.1 Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. Tekmar-Dohrmann analyzers 

using the single injection technique may be used as an alternative to 

Rosemount Model 2100A analyzers.

* * * * *

30. In Method 5H of Appendix A-3 by revising Section 12.1, 

adding Section 12.15, redesignating Section 16 as 17 and Section 17 

as 18, and adding a new Section 16 as follows:

Method 5H – Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions From Wood 

Heaters From a Stack Location

* * * * *

12.1 Nomenclature.

A = Sample flow rate adjustment factor.
Page 55 of 161

BR = Dry wood burn rate, kg/hr (lb/hr), from Method 28, Section 

8.3.

Bws = Water vapor in the gas stream, proportion by volume.

Ci = Tracer gas concentration at inlet, ppmv.

Co = Tracer gas concentration at outlet, ppmv.

Cs = Concentration of particulate matter in stack gas, dry basis, 

corrected to standard conditions, g/dscm (g/dscf).

E = Particulate emission rate, g/hr (lb/hr).

ΔH = Average pressure differential across the orifice meter (see 

Figure 5H–1), mm H2O (in. H2O).

La = Maximum acceptable leakage rate for either a post-test leakcheck or for a leak-check following a component change; equal to 

0.00057 cmm (0.020 cfm) or 4 percent of the average sampling rate, 

whichever is less.

L1 = Individual leakage rate observed during the leak-check 

conducted before a component change, cmm (cfm).

Lp = Leakage rate observed during the post-test leak-check, cmm 

(cfm).

mn = Total amount of particulate matter collected, mg.

Ma = Mass of residue of solvent after evaporation, mg.
Page 56 of 161

NC = Grams of carbon/gram of dry fuel (lb/lb), equal to 0.0425.

NT = Total dry moles of exhaust gas/kg of dry wood burned, gmoles/kg (lb-moles/lb).

PR = Percent of proportional sampling rate.

Pbar= Barometric pressure at the sampling site, mm Hg (in.Hg).

Pstd = Standard absolute pressure, 760 mm Hg (29.92 in.Hg).

Qi = Gas volumetric flow rate at inlet, cfm (l/min).

Qo = Gas volumetric flow rate at outlet, cfm (l/min).

* * * * *

12.15 Alternative Tracer Gas Flow Rate Determination.

 =

 × 



. 5 − 10

Note: This gives Q for a single instance only. Repeated 

multiple determinations are needed to track temporal variations. Very 

small variations in Qi, Ci, or Co may give very large variations in Qo.

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures

16.1 Alternative Stack Gas Volumetric Flow Rate Determination 

(Tracer Gas).

16.1.1 Apparatus.
Page 57 of 161

16.1.1.1 Tracer Gas Injector System. This is to inject a known 

concentration of tracer gas into the stack. This system consists of a 

cylinder of tracer gas, a gas cylinder regulator, a stainless steel 

needle valve or a flow controller, a nonreactive (stainless steel or 

glass) rotameter, and an injection loop to disperse the tracer gas

evenly in the stack.

16.1.1.2 Tracer Gas Probe. A glass or stainless steel sampling 

probe.

16.1.1.3 Gas Conditioning System. A gas conditioning is a 

system suitable for delivering a cleaned sample to the analyzer 

consisting of a filter to remove particulate and a condenser capable 

of lowering the dew point of the sample gas to less than 5C (40F). A 

desiccant such as anhydrous calcium sulfate may be used to dry the 

sample gas. Desiccants which react or absorb tracer gas or stack gas 

may not be used, e.g. silica gel absorbs CO2.

16.1.1.4. Pump. An inert (i.e., stainless steel or Teflon head) 

pump to deliver more than the total sample required by the 

manufacturer’s specifications for the analyzer used to measure the 

downstream tracer gas concentration.

16.1.1.5 Gas Analyzer. A gas analyzer is any analyzer capable 

of measuring the tracer gas concentration in the range necessary at 

least every 10 minutes. A means of controlling the analyzer flow rate 

and a device for determining proper sample flow rate shall be 

provided unless data is provided to show that the analyzer is 

insensitive to flow variations over the range encountered during the 
Page 58 of 161

test. The gas analyzer needs to meet or exceed the flowing 

performance specifications: 

Linearity ± 1 percent of full scale

Calibration Error ≤ 2 percent of span

Response Time ≤ 10 seconds

Zero Drift (24 hour) ≤ 2 percent of full scale

Span Drift (24 hour) ≤ 2 percent of full scale

Resolution ≤ 0.5 percent of span

16.1.1.6 Recorder (optional). To provide a permanent record of 

the analyzer output.

16.1.2 Reagents.

16.1.2.1 Tracer Gas. The tracer gas is sulfur hexafluoride in an 

appropriate concentration for accurate analyzer measurement or pure 

sulfur dioxide. The gas used must be nonreactive with the stack 

effluent and give minimal (<3 percent) interference to measurement by 

the gas analyzer.

16.1.3 Procedure. Select upstream and downstream locations in 

the stack or duct for introducing the tracer gas and delivering the 

sampled gas to the analyzer. The inlet location should be 8 or more 

duct diameters beyond any upstream flow disturbance. The outlet 

should be 8 or more undisturbed duct diameters from the inlet and 2 

or more duct diameters from the duct exit. After installing the 

apparatus, meter a known concentration of the tracer gas into the 

stack at the inlet location. Use the gas sample probe and analyzer to 
Page 59 of 161

show that no stratification of the tracer gas is found in the stack 

at the measurement locations. Monitor the tracer gas concentration 

from the outlet location and record the concentration at 10-minute 

intervals or more often at the option of the tester. A minimum of 

three measured intervals is recommended to determine the stack gas 

volumetric flow rate. Other statistical procedures may be applied for 

complete flow characterization and additional QA/QC.

* * * * *

31. In Method 6 of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 10.2 and

10.4 as follows:

Method 6 — Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Stationary 

Sources

* * * * *

10.2 Temperature Sensors. Calibrate against mercury-in-glass 

thermometers. An alternative mercury-free thermometer may be used if 

the thermometer is, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance 

or suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application.

* * * * *

10.4 Barometer. Calibrate against a mercury barometer or NISTtraceable barometer prior to the field test.

* * * * *
Page 60 of 161

32. In Method 6C of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 4.0 and 

8.3 as follows:

Method 6C — Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Stationary 

Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)

* * * * *

4.0 Interferences

Refer to Section 4.0 of Method 7E .

* * * * *

8.3 Interference Check. You must follow the procedures of 

Section 8.2.7 of Method 7E to conduct an interference check, 

substituting SO2 for NOX as the method pollutant. For dilution-type 

measurement systems, you must use the alternative interference check 

procedure in Section 16 and a co-located, unmodified Method 6 

sampling train. Quenching in fluorescence analyzers must be evaluated 

and remedied unless a dilution system and ambient-level analyzer is 

used. This may be done by preparing the calibration gas to contain 

within 1 percent of the absolute oxygen and carbon dioxide content of 

the measured gas, preparing the calibration gas in air and using 

vendor nomographs, or by other acceptable means.

* * * * *

33. In Method 7 of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 4.0, 10.2, 

and 10.3 as follows:

Method 7 — Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions From Stationary 

Sources
Page 61 of 161

* * * * *

4.0 Interferences

Biased results have been observed when sampling under conditions 

of high sulfur dioxide concentrations. At or above 2100 ppm SO2, use 

five times the H2O2 concentration of the Method 7 absorbing solution. 

Laboratory tests have shown that high concentrations of SO2 (about 

2100 ppm) cause low results in Method 7 and 7A. Increasing the H2O2

concentration to five times the original concentration eliminates 

this bias. However, when no SO2 is present, increasing the 

concentration by five times results in a low bias.

* * * * *

10.2 Barometer. Calibrate against a mercury barometer or NISTtraceable barometer prior to the field test.

10.3 Temperature Gauge. Calibrate dial thermometers against 

mercury-in-glass thermometers. An alternative mercury-free 

thermometer may be used if the thermometer is, at a minimum, 

equivalent in terms of performance or suitably effective for the 

specific temperature measurement application.

* * * * *

34. In Method 7A of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 4.0 and 

10.4 as follows:
Page 62 of 161

Method 7A – Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions From Stationary 

Sources (Ion Chromatographic Method)

* * * * *

4.0 Interferences

Biased results have been observed when sampling under conditions 

of high sulfur dioxide concentrations. At or above 2100 ppm SO2, use 

five times the H2O2 concentration of the Method 7 absorbing solution. 

Laboratory tests have shown that high concentrations of SO2 (about 

2100 ppm) cause low results in Method 7 and 7A. Increasing the H2O2

concentration to five times the original concentration eliminates 

this bias. However, when no SO2 is present, increasing the 

concentration by five times results in a low bias.

* * * * *

10.4 Temperature Gauge. Calibrate dial thermometers against 

mercury-in-glass thermometers. An alternative mercury-free 

thermometer may be used if the thermometer is, at a minimum, 

equivalent in terms of performance or suitably effective for the 

specific temperature measurement application.

* * * * *

35. In Method 7E of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 6.1, 

7.1.1, 8.1.2, 8.2.5, and 16.2.2 as follows:
Page 63 of 161

Method 7E — Determination of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions From 

Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)

* * * * *

6.1 What do I need for the measurement system? You may use any 

equipment and supplies meeting the following specifications:

1) Sampling system components that are not evaluated in the 

system bias or system calibration error test must be glass, Teflon, 

or stainless steel. Other materials are potentially acceptable, 

subject to approval by the Administrator.

2) The interference, calibration error, and system bias criteria 

must be met.

3) Sample flow rate must be maintained within 10 percent of the 

flow rate at which the system response time was measured.

4) All system components (excluding sample conditioning 

components, if used) must maintain the sample temperature above the 

moisture dew point.

Ensure minimal contact between any condensate and the sample 

gas. Section 6.2 provides example equipment specifications for a NOx

measurement system. Figure 7E-1 is a diagram of an example dry-basis 

measurement system that is likely to meet the method requirements and 

is provided as guidance. For wet-basis systems, you may use 

alternative equipment and supplies as needed (some of which are 
Page 64 of 161

described in Section 6.2), provided that the measurement system meets 

the applicable performance specifications of this method.

* * * * *

7.1.1 High-Level Gas. This concentration is chosen to set the 

calibration span as defined in Section 3.4. Choose this high-level 

concentration so that emission measurements will be within 20 to 100 

percent of this concentration .

* * * * *

8.1.2 Determination of Stratification. Perform a stratification 

test at each test site to determine the appropriate number of sample 

traverse points. If testing for multiple pollutants or diluents at 

the same site, a stratification test using only one pollutant or 

diluent satisfies this requirement. A stratification test is not 

required for small stacks that are less than 4 inches in diameter. To 

test for stratification, use a probe of appropriate length to measure 

the NOx (or pollutant of interest) concentration at 12 traverse 

points located according to Table 1-1 or Table 1-2 of Method 1. 

Alternatively, you may measure at three points on a line passing 

through the centroidal area. Space the three points at 16.7, 50.0, 

and 83.3 percent of the measurement line. Sample for a minimum of 

twice the system response time (see Section 8.2.6) at each traverse 

point. Calculate the individual point and mean NOx concentrations. If 

the concentration at each traverse point differs from the mean 
Page 65 of 161

concentration for all traverse points by no more than: (a) ± 5.0 

percent of the mean concentration; or (b) ± 0.5 ppm (whichever is 

less restrictive), the gas stream is considered unstratified and you 

may collect samples from a single point that most closely matches the 

mean. If the 5.0 percent or 0.5 ppm criterion is not met, but the

concentration at each traverse point differs from the mean 

concentration for all traverse points by no more than: (a) ± 10.0 

percent of the mean; or (b) ± 1.0 ppm (whichever is less 

restrictive), the gas stream is considered to be minimally 

stratified, and you may take samples from three points. Space the 

three points at 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of the measurement line. 

Alternatively, if a 12 point stratification test was performed and 

the emissions shown to be minimally stratified (all points within ± 

10.0 percent of their mean or within ± 1.0 ppm), and if the stack 

diameter (or equivalent diameter for a rectangular stack or duct) is 

greater than 2.4 meters (7.8 ft), then you may use 3-point sampling 

and locate the three points along the measurement line exhibiting the 

highest average concentration during the stratification test at 0.4, 

1.2, and 2.0 meters from the stack or duct wall. If the gas stream is 

found to be stratified because the 10.0 percent or 1.0 ppm criterion 

for a 3-point test is not met, locate 12 traverse points for the 

test in accordance with Table 1-1 or Table 1-2 of Method 1. This 

stratification test may not be meaningful at sources with temporally

varying emissions or where emission concentrations are low. In these 

cases, the stratification test is not required.
Page 66 of 161

* * * * *

8.2.5 Initial System Bias and System Calibration Error Checks. 

Before sampling begins, determine whether the high-level or mid-level 

calibration gas best approximates the emissions and use it as the 

upscale gas. Introduce the upscale gas at the probe upstream of all 

sample conditioning components in system calibration mode. Record the 

time it takes for the measured concentration to increase to a value 

that is within 95 percent or 0.5 ppm (whichever is less restrictive) 

of a stable response for both the low-level and upscale gases.

Continue to observe the gas concentration reading until it has 

reached a final, stable value. Record this value on a form similar to 

Table 7E–2.

* * * * *

16.2.2 Bag Procedure. Perform the analyzer calibration error 

test to document the calibration (both NO and NOX modes, as 

applicable). Fill a Tedlar or equivalent bag approximately half full 

with either ambient air, pure oxygen, or an oxygen standard gas with 

at least 19.5 percent by volume oxygen content. Fill the remainder of 

the bag with mid- to high-level NO in N2(or other appropriate 

concentration) calibration gas. (Note that the concentration of the 

NO standard should be sufficiently high enough for the diluted 

concentration to be easily and accurately measured on the scale used. 

The size of the bag should be large enough to accommodate the 
Page 67 of 161

procedure and time required. Contact the bag manufacturer for 

guidance on the applicability of Tedlar equivalent materials for NO.)

* * * * *

36. In Method 8 of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 11.2.1 and 

11.2.2, by revising two definitions in Section 12.1, and by revising 

Figure 8-1 as follows:

Method 8 – Determination of Sulfuric Acid Mist and Sulfur Dioxide 

Emissions From Stationary Sources

* * * * *

11.2.1 Container No. 1. Shake the container holding the 

isopropanol solution and the filter. If the filter breaks up, allow 

the fragments to settle for a few minutes before removing a sample 

aliquot. For determination of SO3/H2SO4 concentration, pipette a 10 -

ml aliquot of this solution into a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask, add 2 to 

4 drops of thorin indicator, and titrate to a pink endpoint using 

0.0100 N barium standard solution. Repeat the titration with a second 

aliquot of sample, and average the titration values. Replicate 

titrations must agree within 1 percent or 0.2 ml, whichever is 

greater.

11.2.2 Container No. 2. Thoroughly mix the solution in the 

container holding the contents of the second and third impingers. For 

determination of SO2 concentration, pipette a 100-ml aliquot of sample 

into a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Add 40 ml of isopropanol, 2 to 4 
Page 68 of 161

drops of thorin indicator, and titrate to a pink endpoint using 

0.0100 N barium standard solution. Repeat the titration with a second 

aliquot of sample, and average the titration values. Replicate 

titrations must agree within 1 percent or 0.2 ml, whichever is 

greater.

* * * * *

12.1 * * * 

Va= Volume of sample aliquot titrated, 10 ml for H2SO4 and 100 ml 

for SO2.

Vsoln= Total volume of solution in which the sample is contained, 1000 

ml for the SO2 sample and 250 ml for the H2SO4 sample.

* * * * *
Page 69 of 161

Temperature

Ice 

Bath

Vacuum

Line

Dry Gas

Meter

Main

Valve

Vacuum

Gauge

By-pass

Valve

Pump

Orifice

Sensors

Manometer

Impingers Silica Gel

Temperature 

Sensor

Type S

Pitot Tube

Probe

Temperature

Sensor

Temperature

Sesnor

Stack

Wall

Heat Traced 

Glass-Lined 

Probe

Manometer

Type S Pitot Tube

Filter

 Holder SO 

Components

2

H SO /SO 

Components

2 4 3

Figure 8-1. Sulfuric Acid Sampling Train.

H2SO4/SO3 and SO2 collection components identified

* * * * *

37. In Method 10 of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 6.2.5 and 

8.4.2 as follows:

Method 10 – Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions From 

Stationary Sources

* * * * *

6.2.5 Flexible Bag. Tedlar, or equivalent, with a capacity of 

60 to 90 liters (2 to 3 ft3). (Contact the bag manufacturer for 
Page 70 of 161

guidance on the applicability of Tedlar equivalent materials for the 

compound of interest.) Leak-test the bag in the laboratory before 

using by evacuating with a pump followed by a dry gas meter. When the 

evacuation is complete, there should be no flow through the meter.

Gas tanks may be used in place of bags if the samples are analyzed 

within one week.

* * * * *

8.4.2 Integrated Sampling. Evacuate the flexible bag. Set up 

the equipment as shown in Figure 10–1 with the bag disconnected. 

Place the probe in the stack and purge the sampling line. Connect the 

bag, making sure that all connections are leak-free. Sample at a rate 

proportional to the stack velocity. If needed, the CO2 content of the 

gas may be determined by using the Method 3 integrated sample 

procedures, or by weighing an ascarite CO2 removal tube used and 

computing CO2 concentration from the gas volume sampled and the weight 

gain of the tube. Data may be recorded on a form similar to Table 10–

1. If a tank is used for sample collection, follow procedures similar 

to those in Sections 8.1.2, 8.2.3, 8.3, and 12.4 of Method 25 as 

appropriate to prepare the tank, conduct the sampling, and correct 

the measured sample concentration.

* * * * *
Page 71 of 161

38. In Method 10A of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 2.0, 

8.2.1, 8.2.3, 11.1, 11.2, and 13.5 and by revising the narrative in 

Section 12.3 as follows:

Method 10A — Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Certifying 

Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Petroleum Refineries

* * * * *

2.0 Summary of Method

An integrated gas sample is extracted from the stack, passed 

through an alkaline permanganate solution to remove sulfur oxides and 

nitrogen oxides, and collected in a Tedlar or equivalent bag. 

(Contact the bag manufacturer for guidance on the applicability of 

Tedlar equivalent materials for the compound of interest.) The CO 

concentration in the sample is measured spectrophotometrically using 

the reaction of CO with p -sulfaminobenzoic acid.

* * * * *

8.2.1 Evacuate the bag completely using a vacuum pump. 

Assemble the apparatus as shown in Figure 10A–1. Loosely pack glass 

wool in the tip of the probe. Place 400 ml of alkaline permanganate 

solution in the first two impingers and 250 ml in the third. Connect 

the pump to the third impinger, and follow this with the surge tank, 

rate meter, and 3-way valve. Do not connect the bag to the system at 

this time.
Page 72 of 161

* * * * *

8.2.3 Purge the system with sample gas by inserting the probe 

into the stack and drawing the sample gas through the system at 300 

ml/min ±10 percent for 5 minutes. Connect the evacuated bag to the 

system, record the starting time, and sample at a rate of 300 ml/min 

for 30 minutes, or until the bag is nearly full. Record the sampling 

time, the barometric pressure, and the ambient temperature. Purge the 

system as described above immediately before each sample.

* * * * *

11.1 Assemble the system shown in Figure 10A–3, and record the 

information required in Table 10A–1 as it is obtained. Pipet 10.0 ml 

of the colorimetric reagent into each gas reaction bulb, and attach 

the bulbs to the system. Open the stopcocks to the reaction bulbs, 

but leave the valve to the bag closed. Turn on the pump, fully open 

the coarse-adjust flow valve, and slowly open the fine-adjust valve 

until the pressure is reduced to at least 40 mm Hg. Now close the 

coarse adjust valve, and observe the manometer to be certain that the 

system is leak-free. Wait a minimum of 2 minutes. If the pressure has 

increased less than 1 mm Hg, proceed as described below. If a leak is 

present, find and correct it before proceeding further.

11.2 Record the vacuum pressure (Pv) to the nearest 1 mm Hg, and 

close the reaction bulb stopcocks. Open the bag valve, and allow the 

system to come to atmospheric pressure. Close the bag valve, open the 
Page 73 of 161

pump coarse adjust valve, and evacuate the system again. Repeat this 

fill/evacuation procedure at least twice to flush the manifold 

completely. Close the pump coarse adjust valve, open the bag valve, 

and let the system fill to atmospheric pressure. Open the stopcocks 

to the reaction bulbs, and let the entire system come to atmospheric 

pressure. Close the bulb stopcocks, remove the bulbs, record the room 

temperature and barometric pressure (Pbar, to nearest mm Hg), and 

place the bulbs on the shaker table with their main axis either 

parallel to or perpendicular to the plane of the table top. Purge the 

bulb-filling system with ambient air for several minutes between 

samples. Shake the samples for exactly 2 hours.

* * * * *

12.3 CO Concentration in the Bag. Calculate Cb using Equations 

10A–2 and 10A–3. If condensate is visible in the bag, calculate Bw

using Table 10A–2 and the temperature and barometric pressure in the 

analysis room. If condensate is not visible, calculate Bw using the 

temperature and barometric pressure at the sampling site. * * * 

* * * * *

13.5 Stability. The individual components of the colorimetric 

reagent are stable for at least one month. The colorimetric reagent 

must be used within two days after preparation to avoid excessive 

blank correction. The samples in the bag should be stable for at 

least one week if the bags are leak-free.
Page 74 of 161

* * * * *

39. In Method 10B of Appendix A-4 by revising Sections 2.1 and

6.2.3 and by revising the narrative in Section 12.2 as follows:

Method 10B — Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions From 

Stationary Sources

* * * * *

2.1 An integrated gas sample is extracted from the sampling 

point, passed through a conditioning system to remove interferences, 

and collected in a Tedlar or equivalent bag. (Contact the bag 

manufacturer for guidance on the applicability of Tedlar equivalent 

materials for the compound of interest.) The CO is separated from the 

sample by gas chromatography (GC) and catalytically reduced to 

methane (CH4) which is determined by flame ionization detection (FID). 

The analytical portion of this method is identical to applicable 

sections in Method 25 detailing CO measurement.

* * * * *

6.2.3 Sample Injection System. Same as in Method 25, Section 

6.3.1.4, equipped to accept a sample line from the bag.

* * * * *

12.2 CO Concentration in the Bag. Calculate Cb using Equations 

10B–1 and 10B–2. If condensate is visible in the bag, calculate Bw

using Table 10A–2 of Method 10A and the temperature and barometric 
Page 75 of 161

pressure in the analysis room. If condensate is not visible, 

calculate Bw using the temperature and barometric pressure at the 

sampling site. * * *

* * * * *

40. In Method 11 of Appendix A-5 by revising Sections 8.5 and 

10.1.2 as follows:

Method 11 — Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide Content of Fuel Gas 

Streams in Petroleum Refineries

* * * * *

8.5 Sample for at least 10 minutes. At the end of the sampling 

time, close the sampling valve, and record the final volume and 

temperature readings. Conduct a leak-check as described in Section 

8.2. A yellow color in the final cadmium sulfate impinger indicates 

depletion of the absorbing solution. An additional cadmium sulfate 

impinger should be added for subsequent samples and the sample with 

yellow color in the final impinger should be voided.

* * * * *

10.1.2 Temperature Sensors. Calibrate against mercury-in-glass 

thermometers. An alternative mercury-free thermometer may be used if 

the thermometer is at a minimum equivalent in terms of performance or 

suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application.
Page 76 of 161

* * * * *

41. In Method 12 of Appendix A-5 by revising Section 16.1 and 

adding Sections 16.4, 16.4.1, and 16.4.2 as follows:

Method 12 – Determination of Inorganic Lead Emissions From Stationary 

Sources

* * * * *

16.1 Simultaneous Determination of Particulate Matter and Lead 

Emissions. Method 12 may be used to simultaneously determine Pb 

provided: (1) acetone is used to remove particulate from the probe 

and inside of the filter holder as specified by Method 5, (2) 0.1 N 

HNO3 is used in the impingers, (3) a glass fiber filter with a low Pb 

background is used, and (4) the entire train contents, including the 

impingers, are treated and analyzed for Pb as described in Sections 

8.0 and 11.0 of this method.

* * * * *

16.4 Alternative Analyzer. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic 

emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) may be used as an alternative to 

atomic absorption analysis provided the following conditions are met:

16.4.1 Sample collection, sample preparation, and analytical 

preparation procedures are as defined in the method except as 

necessary for the ICP-AES application.

16.4.2 The limit of quantitation for the ICP-AES must be 

demonstrated, and the sample concentrations reported should be no 

less than two times the limit of quantitation. The limit of 
Page 77 of 161

quantitation is defined as ten times the standard deviation of the 

blank value. The standard deviation of the blank value is determined 

from the analysis of seven blanks. It has been reported that for 

mercury and those elements that form hydrides, a continuous-flow 

generator coupled to an ICP-AES offers detection limits comparable to 

cold vapor atomic absorption.

* * * * *

42. In Method 14A of Appendix A-5 by adding a sentence to 

Section 10.1.1 as follows:

Method 14A — Determination of Total Fluoride Emissions from Selected 

Sources at Primary Aluminum Production Facilities

* * * * *

10.1.1 Metering system. * * * 

Allowable tolerances for Y and ΔH@ are given in Figure 5–5 6 of 

Method 5 of this appendix.

* * * * *

43. In Method 16A of Appendix A-6 by revising Section 1.2 as 

follows:

Method 16A — Determination of Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions From 

Stationary Sources (Impinger Technique)

* * * * *

1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for the 

determination of TRS emissions from recovery boilers, lime kilns, and 

smelt dissolving tanks at kraft pulp mills, reduced sulfur compounds 
Page 78 of 161

(H2S, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide) from sulfur recovery 

units at onshore natural gas processing facilities, and from other 

sources when specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations. 

The flue gas must contain at least 1 percent oxygen for complete 

oxidation of all TRS to SO2. Note: If sources other than kraft pulp 

mills experience low oxygen levels in the emissions, the method 

results may be biased low.

* * * * *

44. In Method 18 of Appendix A-6 by revising Sections 

8.2.1.1.2, 8.2.1.4, 8.2.1.4.2, 8.2.1.5.2.2, 16.1.1.12, 16.1.3.2, and 

the titles to Figures 18-3 and 18-10 as follows:

Method 18 — Measurement of Gaseous Organic Compound Emissions By Gas 

Chromatography

* * * * *

8.2.1.1.2 Sampling Procedure. To obtain a sample, assemble the 

sample train as shown in Figure 18–9. Leak-check both the bag and the 

container. Connect the vacuum line from the needle valve to the 

Teflon sample line from the probe. Place the end of the probe at the 

centroid of the stack or at a point no closer to the walls than 1 m, 

and start the pump. Set the flow rate so that the final volume of the 

sample is approximately 80 percent of the bag capacity. After 

allowing sufficient time to purge the line several times, connect the 

vacuum line to the bag, and evacuate until the rotameter indicates no 

flow. Then position the sample and vacuum lines for sampling, and 
Page 79 of 161

begin the actual sampling, keeping the rate proportional to the stack 

velocity. As a precaution, direct the gas exiting the rotameter away 

from sampling personnel. At the end of the sample period, shut off 

the pump, disconnect the sample line from the bag, and disconnect the 

vacuum line from the bag container. Record the source temperature, 

barometric pressure, ambient temperature, sampling flow rate, and 

initial and final sampling time on the data sheet shown in Figure 18–

10. Protect the bag and its container from sunlight. Record the time 

lapsed between sample collection and analysis, and then conduct the 

recovery procedure in Section 8.4.2.

* * * * *

8.2.1.4 Other Modified Bag Sampling Procedures. In the event 

that condensation is observed in the bag while collecting the sample 

and a direct interface system cannot be used, heat the bag during 

collection and maintain it at a suitably elevated temperature during 

all subsequent operations. (Note:Take care to leak-check the system 

prior to the dilutions so as not to create a potentially explosive 

atmosphere.) As an alternative, collect the sample gas, and 

simultaneously dilute it in the bag.

* * * * *

8.2.1.4.2 Second Alternative Procedure. Prefill the bag with a 

known quantity of inert gas. Meter the inert gas into the bag 

according to the procedure for the preparation of gas concentration 
Page 80 of 161

standards of volatile liquid materials (Section 10.1.2.2), but 

eliminate the midget impinger section. Take the partly filled bag to 

the source, and meter the source gas into the bag through heated 

sampling lines and a heated flowmeter, or Teflon positive 

displacement pump. Verify the dilution factors before sampling each 

bag through dilution and analysis of gases of known concentration.

* * * * *

8.2.1.5.2.2 Analyze the two field audit samples as described in 

Section 9.2 by connecting each bag containing an audit gas mixture to 

the sampling valve. Calculate the results; record and report the data 

to the audit supervisor.

* * * * *

16.1.1.12 Flexible Bags. Tedlar or equivalent, 10- and 50-liter 

capacity, for preparation of standards. (Contact the bag manufacturer 

for guidance on the applicability of Tedlar equivalent materials for 

the compound of interest.) 

* * * * *

16.1.3.2 Flexible Bag Procedure. Any leak-free plastic (e.g., 

Tedlar, Mylar, Teflon) or plastic-coated aluminum (e.g., aluminized 

Mylar) bag, or equivalent, can be used to obtain the pre-survey

sample. Use new bags, and leak-check them before field use. In 

addition, check the bag before use for contamination by filling it 

with nitrogen or air and analyzing the gas by GC at high sensitivity. 
Page 81 of 161

Experience indicates that it is desirable to allow the inert gas to 

remain in the bag about 24 hours or longer to check for desorption of 

organics from the bag. Follow the leak-check and sample collection 

procedures given in Section 8.2.1.

* * * * *

Figure 18–3. Preparation of Standards in Tedlar or TedlarEqulivalent Bags and Calibration Curve

* * * * *

Figure 18–10. Field Sample Data Sheet—Tedlar or TedlarEquivalent Bag Collection Method

* * * * *

45. In Method 23 of Appendix A-7 by revising Sections 2.2.7, 

4.1.1.3, and 4.2.7 as follows:

Method 23 — Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and 

Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans From Stationary Sources

* * * * *

2.2.7 Storage Container. Air -tight container to store silica 

gel.

* * * * *

4.1.1.3 Sample Train. It is suggested that all components be 

maintained according to the procedure described in APTD-0576. 

Alternative mercury-free thermometers may be used if the thermometers 
Page 82 of 161

are, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance or suitably 

effective for the specific temperature measurement application.

* * * * *

4.2.7 Silica Gel. Note the color of the indicating silica gel 

to determine if it has been completely spent and make a mention of 

its condition. Transfer the silica gel from the fifth impinger to its 

original container and seal. If a moisture determination is made, 

follow the applicable procedures in sections 8.7.6.3 and 11.2.3 of 

Method 5 to handle and weigh the silica gel. If moisture is not 

measured, the silica gel may be disposed.

* * * * *

46. In Method 24 of Appendix A-7 by revising Section 11.2.2 as 

follows:

Method 24 — Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, 

Density, Volume Solids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings

* * * * *

11.2.2 Volatile Content. To determine total volatile content, 

use the apparatus and reagents described in ASTM D2369 (incorporated 

by reference—see §60.17 for the approved versions of the standard), 

respectively, and use the following procedures:

* * * * *
Page 83 of 161

47. In Method 25 of Appendix A-7 by revising Section 7.1.3 as 

follows:

Method 25 – Determination of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Organic 

Emissions as Carbon

* * * * *

7.1.3 Filters. Glass fiber filters, without organic binder, 

exhibiting at least 99.95 percent efficiency (<0.05 percent 

penetration) on 0.3 micron dioctyl phthalate smoke particles. The 

filter efficiency test shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM 

Method D2986-71, 78, or 95a (incorporated by reference – see §60.17). 

Test data from the supplier’s quality control program are sufficient 

for this purpose.

* * * * *

48. In Method 25C of Appendix A-7 by revising Sections 6.1 and 

12.1, redesignating Equation 25C-2 in Section 12.3 as Equation 25C-3, 

redesignating Section 12.3 as 12.4, and adding new Sections 8.2.3 and 

12.3 as follows:

Method 25C – Determination of Nonmethane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in 

MSW Landfill Gases

* * * * *

6.1 Sample Probe. Stainless steel, with the bottom third 

perforated. Teflon probe liners and sampling lines are also allowed. 

Non-perforated probes are allowed as long as they are withdrawn to 
Page 84 of 161

create a gap equivalent to having the bottom third perforated. The 

sample probe must be capped at the bottom and must have a threaded 

cap with a sampling attachment at the top. The sample probe must be 

long enough to go through and extend no less than 0.9 m (3 ft) below 

the landfill cover. If the sample probe is to be driven into the 

landfill, the bottom cap should be designed to facilitate driving the 

probe into the landfill.

* * * * *

8.2.3 Driven Probes. Closed-point probes may be driven directly 

into the landfill in a single step. This method may not require 

backfilling if the probe is adequately sealed by its insertion. 

Unperforated probes that are inserted in this manner and withdrawn a 

distance from a detachable tip to create an open space are also 

acceptable.

* * * * *

12.1 Nomenclature.

Bw = Moisture content in the sample, fraction.

CN2 = Measured N2concentration (by Method 3C), fraction.

CN2Corr = Measured N2 concentration corrected for dilution, 

fraction.

Ct = Calculated NMOC concentration, ppmv C equivalent.

Ctm = Measured NMOC concentration, ppmv C equivalent.
Page 85 of 161

Pb = Barometric pressure, mm Hg.

Pt = Gas sample tank pressure after sampling, but before 

pressurizing, mm Hg absolute.

Ptf = Final gas sample tank pressure after pressurizing, mm Hg 

absolute.

Pti = Gas sample tank pressure after evacuation, mm Hg absolute.

Pw = Vapor pressure of H2O (from Table 25C–1), mm Hg.

r = Total number of analyzer injections of sample tank during 

analysis (where j=injection number, 1 * * * r).

Tt = Sample tank temperature at completion of sampling, °K.

Tti = Sample tank temperature before sampling, °K.

Ttf = Sample tank temperature after pressurizing, °K.

* * * * *

12.3 Measured N2 Concentration Correction. Use the following 

equation to correct the measured concentration of N2 as determined by 

Method 3C for dilution.

 =









−





 . 25 − 2

* * * * *

49. In Method 25D of Appendix A-7 by revising the first 

sentence in Section 9.1 as follows: 
Page 86 of 161

Method 25D — Determination of the Volatile Organic Concentration of 

Waste Samples

* * * * *

9.1 Quality Control Samples. If audit samples are not 

available, prepare and analyze the two types of quality control 

samples (QCS) listed in Sections 9.1.1 and 9.1.2. * * * 

* * * * *

50. In Method 26 of Appendix A-8 by revising Sections 6.1.1 and 

8.1.2, by redesignating Section 16 as 17 and Section 17 as 18, and by 

adding a new Section 16 as follows:

Method 26 — Determination of Hydrogen Halide and Halogen Emissions 

From Stationary Sources Non-Isokinetic Method

* * * * *

6.1.1 Probe. Borosilicate glass, approximately 3/8-in. (9-mm) 

I.D. with a heating system capable of maintaining a probe gas 

temperature during sampling of 120 ±14 °C (248 ±25 °F) to prevent 

moisture condensation; or Teflon where stack probes are below 210C. 

If HF is a target analyte, then preconditioning of new teflon 

components by heating should be considered to prevent potential HF 

outgassing. A Teflon-glass filter in a mat configuration should be 

installed in the gas stream, not the filter box, to remove 

particulate matter from the gas stream (see Section 6.1.6).

* * * * *
Page 87 of 161

8.1.2 Adjust the probe temperature and the temperature of the 

filter and the stopcock (i.e., the heated area in Figure 26–1) to a 

temperature sufficient to prevent water condensation. This 

temperature should be greater than 120 °C (248 °F). The temperature 

should be monitored throughout a sampling run to ensure that the 

desired temperature is maintained. It is important to maintain a 

temperature around the probe and filter of greater than 120 °C (248 

°F) since it is extremely difficult to purge acid gases off these 

components. (These components are not quantitatively recovered and,

hence, any collection of acid gases on these components would result 

in potential undereporting of these emissions. The applicable 

subparts may specify alternative higher temperatures.)

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures

Method 26A. Method 26A, which uses isokinetic sampling 

equipment, is an acceptable alternative to Method 26.

* * * * *

51. In Method 29 of Appendix A-8 by redesignating Section 16 as 

Section 17 and redesignating Section 17 as Section 18 and by adding a 

new Section 16 as follows:

Method 29 – Determination of Metals Emissions From Stationary Sources

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures
Page 88 of 161

16.1 Alternative Analyzer. Samples may also be analyzed by cold 

vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 

* * * * *

52. In Method 30B of Appendix A-8 by revising Table 9-1 in 

Section 9 and revising Section 10.3 as follows:

Method 30B — Determination of Total Vapor Phase Mercury Emissions 

From Coal-Fired Combustion Sources Using Carbon Sorbent Traps

* * * * *

9.0 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

* * * 

Table 9–1 — Quality Assurance/Quality Control Criteria for Method 30B

QA/QC test or 

specification

Acceptance 

criteria Frequency

Consequences if not 

met

Gas flow meter 

calibration (At 

3 settings or 

points)

Calibration 

factor (Yi) at 

each flow rate 

must be within 

±2% of the 

average value (Y)

Prior to initial 

use and when 

post-test check 

is not within 

±5% of Y

Recalibrate at 3 

points until the 

acceptance criteria 

are met.

Gas flow meter 

post-test 

calibration 

check (Singlepoint)

Calibration 

factor (Yi) must 

be within ±5% of 

the Y value from 

the most recent 

3-point 

calibration

After each field 

test. For mass 

flow meters, 

must be done onsite, using 

stack gas

Recalibrate gas 

flow meter at 3 

points to determine 

a new value of Y. 

For mass flow 

meters, must be 

done on-site, using 

stack gas. Apply 

the new Y value to 

the field test 

data.

Temperature 

sensor 

calibration

Absolute 

temperature 

measures by 

sensor within 

±1.5% of a 

Prior to initial 

use and before 

each test 

thereafter

Recalibrate; sensor 

may not be used 

until specification 

is met.
Page 89 of 161

reference sensor

Barometer 

calibration

Absolute pressure 

measured by 

instrument within 

±10 mm Hg of 

reading with a 

mercury barometer

or NIST traceable 

barometer

Prior to initial 

use and before 

each test 

thereafter

Recalibrate; 

instrument may not 

be used until 

specification is 

met.

Pre-test leak 

check

≤4% of target 

sampling rate

Prior to 

sampling

Sampling shall not 

commence until the 

leak check is 

passed.

Post-test leak 

check

≤4% of average 

sampling rate

After sampling Sample 

invalidated.*

Analytical 

matrix 

interference 

test (wet 

chemical 

analysis, only)

Establish minimum 

dilution (if any) 

needed to 

eliminate sorbent 

matrix 

interferences

Prior to 

analyzing any 

field samples; 

repeat for each 

type of sorbent 

used

Field sample 

results not 

validated.

Analytical bias 

test

Average recovery 

between 90% and 

110% for Hg0and 

HgCl2at each of 

the 2 spike 

concentration 

levels

Prior to 

analyzing field 

samples and 

prior to use of 

new sorbent 

media

Field samples shall 

not be analyzed 

until the percent 

recovery criteria 

has been met.

Multipoint 

analyzer 

calibration

Each analyzer 

reading within

±10% of true 

value and r

2≥0.99

On the day of 

analysis, before 

analyzing any 

samples

Recalibrate until 

successful.

Analysis of 

independent 

calibration 

standard

Within ±10% of 

true value

Following daily 

calibration, 

prior to 

analyzing field 

samples

Recalibrate and 

repeat independent 

standard analysis 

until successful.

Analysis of 

continuing 

calibration 

verification 

standard (CCVS)

Within ±10% of 

true value

Following daily 

calibration, 

after analyzing 

≤10 field 

samples, and at 

end of each set 

of analyses

Recalibrate and 

repeat independent 

standard analysis, 

reanalyze samples 

until successful, 

if possible; for 

destructive 
Page 90 of 161

techniques, samples 

invalidated.

Test run total 

sample volume

Within ±20% of 

total volume 

sampled during 

field recovery 

test

Each individual 

sample

Sample invalidated.

Sorbent trap 

section 2 

breakthrough

≤10% of section 1 

Hg mass for Hg 

concentrations > 

1 μg/dscm;

Every sample Sample 

invalidated.*

 ≤20% of section 1 

Hg mass for Hg 

concentrations ≤1 

μg/dscm

Paired sorbent 

trap agreement

≤10% Relative 

Deviation (RD) 

mass for Hg 

concentrations >1 

μg/dscm;

Every run Run invalidated.*

 ≤20% RD or ≤0.2 

μg/dscm absolute 

difference for Hg 

concentrations ≤1 

μg/dscm

Sample analysis Within valid 

calibration range 

(within 

calibration 

curve)

All Section 1 

samples where 

stack Hg 

concentation is 

≥0.5 μg/dscm

Reanalyze at more 

concentrated level 

if possible, 

samples invalidated 

if not within 

calibrated range.

Sample analysis Within bounds of 

Hg0 and HgCl2

Analytical Bias 

Test

All Section 1 

samples where 

stack Hg 

concentration is 

≥0.5 μg/dscm

Expand bounds of 

Hg0and HgCl2

Analytical Bias 

Test; if not 

successful, samples 

invalidated.

Field recovery 

test

Average recovery 

between 85% and 

115% for Hg0

Once per field 

test

Field sample runs 

not validated 

without successful 

field recovery 

test.

*And data from the pair of sorbent traps are also invalidated.
Page 91 of 161

* * * * *

10.3 Thermocouples and Other Temperature Sensors. Use the 

procedures and criteria in Section 10.3 of Method 2 in Appendix A–1 

to this part to calibrate in-stack temperature sensors and 

thermocouples. Dial thermometers shall be calibrated against mercuryin-glass thermometers or equivalent. * * * 

* * * * *

53. In Performance Specification 1 of Appendix B by revising

Section 3.5 to read as follows:

Performance Specification 1 — Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems in Stationary Sources

* * * * *

3.5 Full Scale. The maximum data display output of the COMS. 

For purposes of recordkeeping and reporting, full scale will be 

greater than 80 percent opacity.

Note: “Full scale” means “span.”

* * * * *

54. In Performance Specification 3 of Appendix B by revising 

Section 13.2 as follows:

Performance Specification 3 — Specifications and Test Procedures for 

O2 and CO2 Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary 

Sources

* * * * *
Page 92 of 161

13.2 CEMS Relative Accuracy Performance Specification. The RA 

of the CEMS must be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of 

the RM test data or 1.0 percent O2 or CO2, whichever is greater.

* * * * *

55. In Performance Specification 4 of Appendix B by 

revising Section 8.2 as follows:

Performance Specification 4 — Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Carbon Monoxide Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary 

Sources

* * * * *

8.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in an 

applicable subpart of the regulation, Method 10, 10A, 10B or other 

approved alternative are the RM for this PS. 

* * * * *

56. In Performance Specification 4B of Appendix B by revising 

Section 7.1.1 as follows:

Performance Specification 4B — Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen Continuous Monitoring Systems in 

Stationary Sources

* * * * *

7.1.1 Calculations. Summarize the results on a data sheet. 

Average the differences between the instrument response and the 
Page 93 of 161

certified cylinder gas value for each gas. Calculate the CE results 

for the CO monitor according to:

CE = |d/FS| x 100 (1)

Where d is the mean difference between the CEMS response and the 

known reference concentration, and FS is the span value. The CE for 

the O2 monitor is the average percent O2 difference between the O2

monitor and the certified cylinder gas value for each gas.

* * * * *

57. In Performance Specification 7 of Appendix B by

revising Section 8.4 and adding a reference to the end of Section 

16.0.

Performance Specification 7 — Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Hydrogen Sulfide Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary 

Sources

* * * * *

8.4 Relative Accuracy Test Procedure.

8.4.1 Sampling Strategy for RM Tests, Number of RM Tests, 

Correlation of RM and CEMS Data, and Calculations . These are the 

same as that in PS -2, Sections 8.4.3 (except as specified below), 

8.4.4, 8.4.5, and 8.4.6 , respectively.
Page 94 of 161

8.4.2 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in an 

applicable subpart of the regulation, Methods 11, 15, and 16 may be 

used for the RM for this PS.

8.4.2.1 Sampling Time Per Run - Method 11. A sampling run, when 

Method 11 (integrated sampling) is used, shall consist of a single 

measurement for at least 10 minutes and 0.010 dscm (0.35 dscf). Each 

sample shall be taken at approximately 30-minute intervals. 

8.4.2.2 Sampling Time Per Run - Methods 15 and 16. The sampling 

run shall consist of two injections equally spaced over a 30-minute 

period following the procedures described in the particular method. 

NOTE: Caution! Heater or non-approved electrical probes should not be 

used around explosive or flammable sources.

* * * * *

16.0 References.

* * * 

5. Letter to RAMCON Environmental Corp. from Robert Kellam, 

December 27, 1992.

* * * * *

58. In Performance Specification 11 of Appendix B by revising 

Sections 12.1(1) and (2) as follows:

Performance Specification 11 — Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Particulate Matter Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at 

Stationary Sources

* * * * *
Page 95 of 161

12.1 * * * 

(1) Calculate the upscale drift (UD) using Equation 11–1:

UD =

||



× 100 (Eq. 11-1)

Where:

UD = The upscale (high-level) drift of your PM CEMS in percent,

RCEM= The measured PM CEMS response to the upscale reference 

standard, and

RU= The pre-established numerical value of the upscale reference 

standard.

FS= Full-scale value.

(2) Calculate the zero drift (ZD) using Equation 11–2:

ZD =

||



× 100 (Eq. 11-2)

Where:

ZD = The zero (low-level) drift of your PM CEMS in percent,

RCEM= The measured PM CEMS response to the zero reference 

standard,

RL= The pre-established numerical value of the zero reference 

standard, and

FS= Full-scale value.

* * * * *
Page 96 of 161

59. In Performance Specification 15 of Appendix B by

revising Sections 11.1.1.4.2 and 11.1.1.4.3 as follows:

Performance Specification 15 — Performance Specification for 

Extractive FTIR Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary 

Sources

* * * * *

11.1.1.4.2 RMs Using a Grab Sampling Technique. Synchronize the 

RM and FTIR CEM measurements as closely as possible. For a grab 

sampling RM, record the volume collected and the exact sampling 

period for each sample. Synchronize the FTIR CEM so that the FTIR 

measures a spectrum of a similar cell volume at the same time as the 

RM grab sample was collected. Measure at least five independent 

samples with both the FTIR CEM and the RM for each of the minimum 

nine runs. Compare the run concentration averages by using the 

relative accuracy analysis procedure in Performance Specification 2 

of Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60.

11.1.1.4.3 Continuous Emission Monitors as RMs. If the RM is a 

CEM, synchronize the sampling flow rates of the RM and the FTIR CEM. 

Each run is at least 1hour long and consists of at least 10 FTIR CEM 

measurements and the corresponding 10 RM measurements (or averages). 

For the statistical comparison, use the relative accuracy analysis 

procedure in Performance Specification 2 of Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 

60. If the RM time constant is < 1⁄2 the FTIR CEM time constant, brief 

fluctuations in analyte concentrations that are not adequately 
Page 97 of 161

measured with the slower FTIR CEM time constant can be excluded from 

the run average along with the corresponding RM measurements. 

However, the FTIR CEM run average must still include at least 10 

measurements over a 1-hour period.

* * * * *

60. In Performance Specification 16 of Appendix B by

revising Sections 6.1.7, 8.2.1, 9.1, 9.3, 9.4, 12.4, and 13.5 as 

follows:

Performance Specification 16 — Specifications and Test Procedures for 

Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems in Stationary Sources

* * * * *

6.1.7 Sensor Location and Repair. We recommend you install 

sensors in an accessible location in order to perform repairs and 

replacements. Permanently -installed platforms or ladders may not be 

needed. If you install sensors in an area that is not accessible, you 

may be required to shut down the emissions unit to repair or replace 

a sensor. Conduct a new RATA after replacing a sensor that supplies a 

critical PEMS parameter if the new sensor provides a different output 

or scaling or changes the historical training dataset of the PEMS.

Replacement of a non-critical sensor that does not cause an impact in 

the accuracy of the PEMS does not trigger a RATA. All sensors must be 

calibrated as often as needed but at least as often as recommended by 

the manufacturers.
Page 98 of 161

* * * * *

8.2.1 Reference Methods. Unless otherwise specified in the 

applicable regulations, you must use the test methods in Appendix A 

of this part for the RM test. Conduct the RM tests at three operating 

levels. The RM tests shall be performed at a low-load (or production) 

level between the minimum safe, stable load and 50 percent of the 

maximum level load, at the mid-load level (an intermediary level 

between the low and high levels), and at a high-load level between 80 

percent and the maximum load. Alternatively, if practicable, you may 

test at three levels of the key operating parameter (e.g. selected 

based on a covariance analysis between each parameter and the PEMS 

output) equally spaced within the normal range of the parameter.

* * * * *

9.1 QA/QC Summary. Conduct the applicable ongoing tests listed 

below.

 Ongoing Quality Assurance Tests

Test PEMS 

Regulatory 

Purpose

Acceptability Frequency

Sensor 

Evaluation

Check

All Daily

RAA Compliance 3-test avg

≤10% of 

simultaneous 

analyzer or 

RM average

Each quarter except 

quarter when RATA 

performed

RATA All Same as for 

RA in Sec. 

13.1

Yearly in quarter when 

RAA not performed
Page 99 of 161

Bias 

Correction

All If davg ≤ cc Bias test passed (no 

correction factor 

needed)

PEMS Training All If Fcritical F

r 0.8

Optional after initial 

and subsequent RATAs

Sensor 

Evaluation 

Alert Test 

(optional)

All See Section 

6.1.8

After each PEMS 

training

* * * * *

9.3 Quarterly Relative Accuracy Audits. In the first year of 

operation after the initial certification, perform a RAA consisting 

of at least three 30-minute portable analyzer or RM determinations 

each quarter a RATA is not performed. To conduct a RAA, follow the 

procedures in Section 8.2 for the relative accuracy test, except that 

only three sets of measurement data are required, and the statistical 

tests are not required. The average of the three or more portable 

analyzer or RM determinations must not exceed the limits given in 

Section 13.5. Report the data from all sets of measurement data. If a 

PEMS passes all quarterly RAAs in the first year and also passes the 

subsequent yearly RATA in the second year, you may elect to perform a 

single mid-year RAA in the second year in place of the quarterly 

RAAs. This option may be repeated, but only until the PEMS fails 

either a mid-year RAA or a yearly RATA. When such a failure occurs, 

you must resume quarterly RAAs in the quarter following the failure 

and continue conducting quarterly RAAs until the PEMS successfully 

passes both a year of quarterly RAAs and a subsequent RATA.
Page 100 of 161

9.4 Yearly Relative Accuracy Test. Perform a minimum 9-run RATA 

at the normal operating level on a yearly basis in the quarter that 

the RAA is not performed. The statistical tests in Section 8.3 are 

not required for the yearly RATA.

* * * * *

12.4 Relative Accuracy Audit. Calculate the quarterly RAA using 

Equation 16-9.

x 100

RM

PEMS RM RAA 

 Eq. 16-9

* * * * *

13.5 Relative Accuracy Audits. The average of the three

portable analyzer or RM determinations must not differ from the 

simultaneous PEMS average value by more than 10 percent of the 

analyzer or RM for concentrations greater than 100 ppm or 20 percent 

for concentrations between 100 and 20 ppm, or the test is failed. For 

measurements at 20 ppm or less, this difference must not exceed 2 ppm 

for a pollutant PEMS and 1 percent absolute for a diluents PEMS.

* * * * *

61. In Procedure 1 of Appendix F by revising Section 6.2 as 

follows:

Procedure 1 — Quality Assurance Requirements for Gas Continuous 

Emission Monitoring Systems Used for Compliance Determination
Page 101 of 161

* * * * *

6.2 RAA Accuracy Calculation. Use the calculation procedure in 

the relevant performance specification to calculate the accuracy for 

the RAA. The RAA must be calculated in the units of the applicable 

emission standard.

* * * * *

62. In Procedure 2 of Appendix F by revising paragraphs (3) and 

(4) in Section 12.0 as follows:

Procedure 2 — Quality Assurance Requirements for Particulate Matter 

Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources

* * * * *

12.0 * * * 

(3) How do I calculate daily upscale and zero drift? You must 

calculate the upscale drift using Equation 2-2 and the zero drift 

using Equation 2-3:

UD =

||



× 100 (Eq. 2-2)

Where:

UD = The upscale drift of your PM CEMS, in percent,

RCEM= Your PM CEMS response to the upscale check value, and

RU= The upscale check value.

FS = Full-scale value.
Page 102 of 161

ZD =

||



× 100 (Eq. 2-3)

Where:

ZD = The zero (low-level) drift of your PM CEMS, in percent,

RCEM= Your PM CEMS response of the zero check value,

RL= The zero check value, and

* * * 

(4) How do I calculate SVA accuracy? You must use Equation 2-4 

to calculate the accuracy, in percent, for each of the three SVA 

tests or the daily sample volume check:

Accuracy =

( )



× 100 (Eq. 2-4)

Where:

VM= Sample gas volume determined/reported by your PM CEMS ( e.g., 

dscm),

VR= Sample gas volume measured by the independent calibrated reference 

device ( e.g., dscm) for the SVA or the reference value for the daily 

sample volume check.

Note: Before calculating SVA accuracy, you must correct the 

sample gas volumes measured by your PM CEMS and the independent 

calibrated reference device to the same basis of temperature, 

pressure, and moisture content. You must document all data and 

calculations.
Page 103 of 161

* * * * *

63. In Procedure 5 of Appendix F by redesignating the second 

listing of Section 6.2.6 as Section 6.2.7. 

PART 61 – NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

1. The authority citation for part 61 continues to read as 

follows: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq. 

§ 61.13 [Amended]

2. By revising § 61.13(e)(1)(i) to read as follows:

61.13 Emission tests and waiver of emission tests.

* * * * *

(e) * * *

(1) * * *

(i) The source owner, operator, or representative of the tested 

facility shall obtain an audit sample, if commercially available, 

from an AASP for each test method used for regulatory compliance 

purposes. No audit samples are required for the following test 

methods: Methods 3A and 3C of Appendix A-3 of Part 60; Methods 6C, 

7E, 9, and 10 of Appendix A-4 of Part 60; Method 18 and 19 of 

Appendix A-6 of Part 60; Methods 20, 22, and 25A of Appendix A-7 of 

Part 60; and Methods 303, 318, 320, and 321 of Appendix A of Part 63. 

If multiple sources at a single facility are tested during a 

compliance test event, only one audit sample is required for each 

method used during a compliance test. The compliance authority 

responsible for the compliance test may waive the requirement to 
Page 104 of 161

include an audit sample if they believe that an audit sample is not 

necessary. “Commercially available” means that two or more 

independent AASPs have blind audit samples available for purchase. If 

the source owner, operator, or representative cannot find an audit 

sample for a specific method, the owner, operator, or representative 

shall consult the EPA web site at the following URL, 

www.epa.gov/ttn/emc, to confirm whether there is a source that can 

supply an audit sample for that method. If the EPA web site does not 

list an available audit sample at least 60 days prior to the 

beginning of the compliance test, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall not be required to include an audit sample as 

part of the quality assurance program for the compliance test. When 

ordering an audit sample, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall give the sample provider an estimate for the 

concentration of each pollutant that is emitted by the source or the 

estimated concentration of each pollutant based on the permitted 

level and the name, address, and phone number of the compliance 

authority. The source owner, operator, or representative shall report 

the results for the audit sample along with a summary of the emission 

test results for the audited pollutant to the compliance authority 

and shall report the results of the audit sample to the AASP. The 

source owner, operator, or representative shall make both reports at 

the same time and in the same manner or shall report to the 

compliance authority first and report to the AASP. If the method 

being audited is a method that allows the samples to be analyzed in 
Page 105 of 161

the field and the tester plans to analyze the samples in the field, 

the tester may analyze the audit samples prior to collecting the 

emission samples provided a representative of the compliance 

authority is present at the testing site. The tester may request, and 

the compliance authority may grant, a waiver to the requirement that 

a representative of the compliance authority must be present at the 

testing site during the field analysis of an audit sample. The source 

owner, operator, or representative may report the results of the 

audit sample to the compliance authority and then report the results 

of the audit sample to the AASP prior to collecting any emission 

samples. The test protocol and final test report shall document 

whether an audit sample was ordered and utilized and the pass/fail 

results as applicable.

* * * * *

§61.33 [Amended] 

3. By revising §61.33(a) as follows: 

§ 61.33 Stack sampling.

(a) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained under 

§61.13, each owner or operator required to comply with §61.32(a) 

shall test emissions from the source according to Method 104 of 

Appendix B to this part or according to Method 29 of Appendix A to

Part 60. Method 103 of Appendix B to this part is approved by the 

Administrator as an alternative method for sources subject to 

§61.32(a). The emission test shall be performed—
Page 106 of 161

(1) Within 90 days of the effective date in the case of an 

existing source or a new source which has an initial startup date 

preceding the effective date; or

(2) Within 90 days of startup in the case of a new source which 

did not have an initial startup date preceding the effective date.

* * * * *

4. By revising §61.42(a) as follows:

§ 61.42 Emission standard.

(a) Emissions to the atmosphere from rocket-motor test sites 

shall not cause time-weighted atmospheric concentrations of beryllium 

to exceed 75 microgram minutes per cubic meter (μg-min/m3 ) (4.68 x 

10-9 pound minutes per cubic foot (lb-min/ft3 )) of air within the 

limits of 10 to 60 minutes, accumulated during any 2 consecutive 

weeks, in any area in which an adverse effect to public health could 

occur.

* * * * *

5. By revising §61.53(d)(2) as follows:

§ 61.53 Stack sampling.

* * * * *

(d) * * * 

(2) Method 101A in Appendix B or Method 29 in Appendix A to 

part 60 shall be used to test emissions as follows:
Page 107 of 161

* * * * *

6. By revising §61.164(d)(2)(i), (e)(1)(i), and (e)(2) as 

follows:

§ 61.164 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(d) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(i) Use Method 108 in Appendix B to this part or Method 29 in 

Appendix A to part 60 for determining the arsenic emission rate, 

g/hr (lb/hr). The emission rate shall equal the arithmetic mean of 

the results of three 60-minute test runs.

* * * * *

(e) * * * 

(1) * * * 

(i) Use Method 108 in Appendix B to this part or Method 29 in 

Appendix A to part 60 to determine the concentration of arsenic in 

the gas streams entering and exiting the control device. Conduct 

three 60-minute test runs, each consisting of simultaneous testing of 

the inlet and outlet gas streams. The gas streams shall contain all 

the gas exhausted from the glass melting furnace.

* * * * *
Page 108 of 161

(2) Calculate the percent emission reduction for each run as 

follows:

b

b a

C

C C x

D

(  ) 100



Where:

D = the percent emission reduction.

Cb = the arsenic concentration of the stack gas entering the 

control device, as measured by Method 108 or Method 29.

Ca = the arsenic concentration of the stack gas exiting the control 

device, as measured by Method 108 or Method 29.

* * * * *

7. In Method 101 of Appendix B by redesignating Section 16 as 

Section 17 and redesignating Section 17 as Section 18, and by adding 

a new Section 16 as follows:

Method 101 – Determination of Particulate and Gaseous Mercury 

Emissions From Chlor-Alkali Plants (Air Streams)

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures

16.1 Alternative Analyzer. Samples may also be analyzed by cold 

vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 

* * * * *
Page 109 of 161

8. In Method 101A of Appendix B by redesignating Section 16 

as Section 17 and redesignating Section 17 as Section 18, and by 

adding a new Section 16 as follows:

Method 101A – Determination of Particulate and Gaseous Mercury 

Emissions From Sewage Sludge Incinerators

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures

16.1 Alternative Analyzers. 

16.1.1 Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry 

(ICP-AES) may be used as an alternative to atomic absorption analysis 

provided the following conditions are met:

16.1.1.1 Sample collection, sample preparation, and analytical 

preparation procedures are as defined in the method except as 

necessary for the ICP-AES application.

16.1.1.2 The quality control procedures are conducted as 

prescribed.

16.1.1.3 The limit of quantitation for the ICP-AES must be 

demonstrated and the sample concentrations reported should be no less 

than two times the limit of quantitation. The limit of quantitation 

is defined as ten times the standard deviation of the blank value. 

The standard deviation of the blank value is determined from the 

analysis of seven blanks. It has been reported that for mercury and 

those elements that form hydrides, a continuous-flow generator 

coupled to an ICP-AES offers detection limits comparable to cold 

vapor atomic absorption.
Page 110 of 161

6.1.2 Samples may also be analyzed by cold vapor atomic 

fluorescence spectrometry. 

* * * * *

9. In Method 102 in Appendix B by revising Section 8.1.1.1 as 

follows:

Method 102 – Determination of Particulate and Gaseous Mercury 

Emissions from Chlor-Alkali Plants (Hydrogen Streams)

* * * * *

8.1.1.1 Calibrate the meter box orifice. Use the techniques 

described in APTD-0576 (see Reference 9 in Section 17.0 of Method 5 of 

Appendix A to Part 60). Calibration of the orifice meter at flow 

conditions that simulate the conditions at the source is suggested. 

Calibration should either be done with hydrogen or with some other 

gas having a similar Reynolds Number so that there is similarity 

between the Reynolds Numbers during calibration and during sampling.

Alternative mercury-free thermometers may be used if the thermometers 

are, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance or suitably 

effective for the specific temperature measurement application.

* * * * *

10. In Method 104 in Appendix B by revising Sections 4.1 and 

11.5.3, by redesignating Sections 16 and 17 as Sections 17 and 18 

respectively, and by adding a new Section 16 as follows:
Page 111 of 161

Method 104 – Determination of Beryllium Emissions From Stationary 

Sources

* * * * *

4.1 Matrix Effects. Analysis for Be by flame atomic absorption 

spectrophotometry is sensitive to the chemical composition and to the 

physical properties ( e.g., viscosity, pH) of the sample. Aluminum 

and silicon, in particular, are known to interfere when present in 

appreciable quantities. The analytical procedure includes 

(optionally) the use of the Method of Standard Additions to check for 

these matrix effects, and sample analysis using the Method of 

Standard Additions if significant matrix effects are found to be 

present (see Reference 2 in Section 17 .0).

* * * * *

11.5.3 Check for Matrix Effects (optional). Use the Method of 

Standard Additions (see Reference 2 in Section 17 .0) to check at 

least one sample from each source for matrix effects on the Be 

results. If the results of the Method of Standard Additions procedure 

used on the single source sample do not agree to within 5 percent of 

the value obtained by the routine atomic absorption analysis, then 

reanalyze all samples from the source using the Method of Standard 

Additions procedure.

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures
Page 112 of 161

16.1 Alternative Analyzer. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic 

emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) may be used as an alternative to 

atomic absorption analysis provided the following conditions are met:

16.1.1 Sample collection, sample preparation, and analytical 

preparation procedures are as defined in the method except as 

necessary for the ICP-AES application.

16.1.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures, including 

audit material analysis, are conducted as prescribed in the method. 

The QA acceptance conditions must be met.

16.1.3 The limit of quantitation for the ICP-AES must be 

demonstrated and the sample concentrations reported should be no less 

than two times the limit of quantitation. The limit of quantitation 

is defined as ten times the standard deviation of the blank value. 

The standard deviation of the blank value is determined from the 

analysis of seven blanks. It has been reported that for mercury and 

those elements that form hydrides, a continuous-flow generator 

coupled to an ICP-AES offers detection limits comparable to cold 

vapor atomic absorption.

* * * * *

11. In Method 108 of Appendix B by redesignating Sections 16 

and 17 as Sections 17 and 18 respectively, and by adding a new 

Section 16 as follows:

Method 108 – Determination of Particulate and Gaseous Arsenic 

Emissions

* * * * *
Page 113 of 161

16.0 Alternative Procedures

16.1 Alternative Analyzer. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic 

emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) may be used as an alternative to 

atomic absorption analysis provided the following conditions are met:

16.1.1 Sample collection, sample preparation, and analytical 

preparation procedures are as defined in the method except as 

necessary for the ICP-AES application.

16.1.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures, including 

audit material analysis, are conducted as prescribed in the method. 

The QA acceptance conditions must be met.

16.1.3 The limit of quantitation for the ICP-AES must be 

demonstrated and the sample concentrations reported should be no less 

than two times the limit of quantitation. The limit of quantitation 

is defined as ten times the standard deviation of the blank value. 

The standard deviation of the blank value is determined from the 

analysis of seven blanks. It has been reported that for mercury and 

those elements that form hydrides, a continuous-flow generator 

coupled to an ICP-AES offers detection limits comparable to cold 

vapor atomic absorption.

* * * * *

12. In Method 108A of Appendix B by redesignating Sections 16 

and 17 as Sections 17 and 18 respectively, and by adding a new 

Section 16 as follows:

Method 108A – Determination of Arsenic Content in Ore Samples from 

Nonferrous Smelters
Page 114 of 161

* * * * *

16.0 Alternative Procedures

16.1 Alternative Analyzer. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic 

emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) may be used as an alternative to 

atomic absorption analysis provided the following conditions are met:

16.1.1 Sample collection, sample preparation, and analytical 

preparation procedures are as defined in the method except as 

necessary for the ICP-AES application.

16.1.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures, including 

audit material analysis, are conducted as prescribed in the method. 

The QA acceptance conditions must be met.

16.1.3 The limit of quantitation for the ICP-AES must be 

demonstrated and the sample concentrations reported should be no less 

than two times the limit of quantitation. The limit of quantitation 

is defined as ten times the standard deviation of the blank value. 

The standard deviation of the blank value is determined from the 

analysis of seven blanks. It has been reported that for mercury and 

those elements that form hydrides, a continuous-flow generator 

coupled to an ICP-AES offers detection limits comparable to cold 

vapor atomic absorption.

* * * * *

PART 63 – NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS 

FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES

1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as 

follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Page 115 of 161

§63.7 [Amended]

2. By revising Section 63.7(c)(iii)(A) as follows:

§63.7 Performance testing requirements.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(2) * * *

(iii) * * *

(A) The source owner, operator, or representative of the tested 

facility shall obtain an audit sample, if commercially available, 

from an AASP for each test method used for regulatory compliance 

purposes. No audit samples are required for the following test 

methods: Methods 3A and 3C of Appendix A-3 of Part 60; Methods 6C, 

7E, 9, and 10 of Appendix A-4 of Part 60; Methods 18 and 19 of 

Appendix A-6 of Part 60; Methods 20, 22, and 25A of Appendix A-7 of 

Part 60; and Methods 303, 318, 320, and 321 of Appendix A of Part 63. 

If multiple sources at a single facility are tested during a 

compliance test event, only one audit sample is required for each 

method used during a compliance test. The compliance authority 

responsible for the compliance test may waive the requirement to 

include an audit sample if they believe that an audit sample is not 

necessary. “Commercially available” means that two or more 

independent AASPs have blind audit samples available for purchase. If 

the source owner, operator, or representative cannot find an audit 

sample for a specific method, the owner, operator, or representative 
Page 116 of 161

shall consult the EPA web site at the following URL, 

www.epa.gov/ttn/emc, to confirm whether there is a source that can 

supply an audit sample for that method. If the EPA web site does not 

list an available audit sample at least 60 days prior to the 

beginning of the compliance test, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall not be required to include an audit sample as 

part of the quality assurance program for the compliance test. When 

ordering an audit sample, the source owner, operator, or 

representative shall give the sample provider an estimate for the 

concentration of each pollutant that is emitted by the source or the 

estimated concentration of each pollutant based on the permitted 

level and the name, address, and phone number of the compliance 

authority. The source owner, operator, or representative shall report 

the results for the audit sample along with a summary of the emission 

test results for the audited pollutant to the compliance authority 

and shall report the results of the audit sample to the AASP. The 

source owner, operator, or representative shall make both reports at 

the same time and in the same manner or shall report to the 

compliance authority first and report to the AASP. If the method 

being audited is a method that allows the samples to be analyzed in 

the field and the tester plans to analyze the samples in the field, 

the tester may analyze the audit samples prior to collecting the 

emission samples provided a representative of the compliance 

authority is present at the testing site. The tester may request, and 

the compliance authority may grant, a waiver to the requirement that 
Page 117 of 161

a representative of the compliance authority must be present at the 

testing site during the field analysis of an audit sample. The source 

owner, operator, or representative may report the results of the 

audit sample to the compliance authority and then report the results 

of the audit sample to the AASP prior to collecting any emission 

samples. The test protocol and final test report shall document 

whether an audit sample was ordered and utilized and the pass/fail 

results as applicable.

* * * * *

§63.8 [Amended]

3. By adding a sentence to the end of §63.8(f)(6)(iii) as 

follows: 

§63.8 Monitoring requirements.

* * * * *

(f) * * * 

(6) * * * 

(iii) * * * The Administrator will review the notification and 

may rescind permission to use an alternative and require the owner or 

operator to conduct a relative accuracy test of the CEMS as specified 

in section 8.4 of Performance Specification 2.

* * * * *

§63.144 [Amended]

4. By revising §63.144(b)(5)(i) by adding paragraphs (G) 

and (H) as follows: 
Page 118 of 161

§63.144 Process wastewater provisions—test methods and procedures 

for determining applicability and Group 1/Group 2 determinations 

(determining which wastewater streams require control).

* * * * *

(b)* * * 

(5)* * * 

(i)* * * 

(G) Method 8260B. Use procedures specified in Method 8260B in 

the SW-846 Compendium of Methods.

(H) Method 316. Use Method 316 to determine formaldehyde 

concentration.

* * * * *

§63.344 [Amended]

5. By adding §63.344(c)(5) as follows:

§63.344 Performance test requirements and test methods.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(5) The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) 

Method 205.1 (which is available by contacting the South Coast AQMD, 

21865 Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765) may be used to determine the 

total chromium concentration from hard and decorative chromium 

electroplating tanks and chromium anodizing tanks.

* * * * *

§63.364 [Amended]

6. By revising §63.364(e) as follows: 
Page 119 of 161

§63.364 Monitoring requirements.

* * * * *

(e) Measure and record once per hour the ethylene oxide 

concentration at the outlet to the atmosphere after any control 

device according to the procedures specified in §63.365(c)(1). The 

owner or operator shall compute and record a 24-hour average daily. 

The owner or operator will install, calibrate, operate, and maintain 

a monitor consistent with the requirements of performance 

specification (PS) 8 or 9 in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, to measure 

ethylene oxide. The daily calibration requirements of section 7.2 of 

PS -9 or Section 13.1 of PS -8 are required only on days when 

ethylene oxide emissions are vented to the control device.

* * * * *

§63.365 [Amended]

7. By revising the introductory paragraph to §63.365(b) as 

follows: 

§63.365 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(b) Efficiency at the sterilization chamber vent. California 

Air Resources Board (CARB) Method 431 or the following procedures 

shall be used to determine the efficiency of all types of control 

devices used to comply with §63.362(c), sterilization chamber vent 

standard.
Page 120 of 161

* * * * *

§63.565 [Amended]

8. By revising §63.565(d)(5), (8), and (10) and §63.565(g) as 

follows: 

§63.565 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(d)* * * 

(5) Recovery devices. The average VOC concentration in the vent 

upstream and downstream of the control device shall be determined 

using Method 25A or 25B of Appendix A to part 60 of this chapter 

for recovery devices. The average VOC concentration shall correspond 

to the volume measurement by taking into account the sampling system 

response time.

* * * * *

(8) Where Method 25, 25A, or 25B is used to measure the percent 

reduction in VOC, the percent reduction across the combustion or 

recovery device shall be calculated as follows:

Where:

R = control efficiency of control device, percent.
Page 121 of 161

Ei = mass flow rate of VOC at the inlet to the combustion or 

recovery device as calculated under paragraph (c)(7) of this section, 

kg/hr.

Eo = mass flow rate of VOC at the outlet of the combustion or 

recovery device, as calculated under paragraph (c)(7) of this 

section, kg/hr.

* * * * *

(10) Use of methods other than Method 25, 25A, or 25B shall be 

validated pursuant to Method 301 of Appendix A to part 63 of this 

chapter.

* * * * *

(g) Baseline outlet VOC concentration. The procedures in this 

paragraph shall be used to determine the outlet VOC concentration 

required in §63.563(b)(4), (6), (7), and (8) for combustion devices 

except flare, carbon adsorbers, condenser/refrigeration units, and 

absorbers, respectively, and to monitor the VOC concentration as 

required in §63.564(e), (g), (h), and (i). The owner or operator 

shall use the procedures outlined in Method 25A or 25B. For the 

baseline VOC concentration, the arithmetic average of the outlet VOC 

concentration from three test runs from paragraph (d) of this section 

shall be calculated for the control device. The VOC concentration 
Page 122 of 161

shall be measured at least every 15 minutes. Compliance testing of 

VOC CEMS shall be performed using PS 8.

* * * * *

§63.750 [Amended]

9. By revising §63.750(o) as follows: 

§63.750 Test methods and procedures.

* * * * *

(o) Inorganic HAP emissions—dry particulate filter certification 

requirements. Dry particulate filters used to comply with 

§63.745(g)(2) or §63.746(b)(4) must be certified by the filter 

manufacturer or distributor, paint/depainting booth supplier, and/or 

the facility owner or operator using method 319 in Appendix A of 

this part, to meet or exceed the efficiency data points found in 

Tables 1 and 2, or 3 and 4 of §63.745 for existing or new sources 

respectively.

* * * * *

§63.1251 [Amended]

10. By revising the definition of “process vent” in §63.1251

as follows:

§63.1251 Definitions.

* * * 

Process vent means a vent from a unit operation or vents from 

multiple unit operations within a process that are manifolded 

together into a common header, through which a HAP-containing gas 
Page 123 of 161

stream is, or has the potential to be, released to the atmosphere. 

Examples of process vents include, but are not limited to, vents on 

condensers used for product recovery, bottom receivers, surge control 

vessels, reactors, filters, centrifuges, and process tanks. Emission 

streams that are undiluted and uncontrolled containing less than 50 

ppmv HAP, as determined through process knowledge that no HAP are 

present in the emission stream or using an engineering assessment as 

discussed in §63.1257(d)(2)(ii); test data using Method 18 of 40 CFR 

part 60, Appendix A; Method 320 of 40 CFR part 63; or any other test 

method that has been validated according to the procedures in Method 

301 of Appendix A of this part, are not considered process vents. 

Process vents do not include vents on storage tanks regulated under 

§63.1253, vents on wastewater emission sources regulated under 

§63.1256, or pieces of equipment regulated under §63.1255.

* * * * *

§63.1511 [Amended]

11. By revising §63.1511(c)(9) as follows: 

§63.1511 Performance test/compliance demonstration general 

requirements.

* * * * *

(c)* * * 

(9) Method 26A for the concentration of HCl. Where a limeinjected fabric filter is used as the control device to comply with 

the 90 percent reduction standard, the owner or operator must measure 

the fabric filter inlet concentration of HCl at a point before lime 

is introduced to the system. Method 26 may be used in place of Method 

26A where it can be demonstrated that there are no water droplets in 
Page 124 of 161

the emission stream. This can be demonstrated by showing that the 

vapor pressure of water in the emission stream that you are testing 

is less than the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at the emission 

stream temperature, and by certifying that the emission stream is not 

controlled by a wet scrubber.

* * * * *

12. By revising Table 2 of Subpart CCCC as follows: 

Subpart CCCC—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 

Pollutants: Manufacturing of Nutritional Yeast

* * * * *
Page 125 of 161

Table 2 to Subpart CCCC of Part 63 — Requirements for Performance 

Tests

As stated in §63.2161, if you demonstrate compliance by monitoring 

brew ethanol, you must comply with the requirements for performance 

tests in the following table:

[Brew Ethanol Monitoring Only]

For each fed-batch fermenter for 

which compliance is determined by 

monitoring brew ethanol 

concentration and calculating VOC 

concentration in the fermenter 

exhaust according to the 

procedures in §63.2161, you must...

Using... According to the 

following 

requirements...

1. Measure VOC as propane Method 25A*, or 

an alternative 

validated by 

EPA Method 301* 

and approved by 

the 

Administrator

You must measure 

the VOC 

concentration in 

the fermenter 

exhaust at any 

point prior to 

the dilution of 

the exhaust 

stream.

*EPA Test Methods found in Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60

* * * * *

13. By revising Table 4 in the appendix to Subpart UUUU as 

follows: 

Subpart UUUU—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

for Cellulose Products Manufacturing

* * * * *

Table 4 to Subpart UUUU of Part 63 — Requirements for Performance 

Tests
Page 126 of 161

As required in §§63.5530(b) and 63.5535(a), (b), (g)(1), and (h)(1), 

you must conduct performance tests, other initial compliance 

demonstrations, and CEMS performance evaluations and establish 

operating limits according to the requirements in the following 

table:

For . . . at . . .

you must . 

. . using . . .

according to the 

following 

requirements . . 

.

1. the sum 

of all 

process 

vents

a. each 

existing or 

new affected 

source

i. select 

sampling 

port's 

location 

and the 

number of 

traverse 

points;

EPA Method 1 or 

1A in Appendix A to

40 CFR 

§63.7(d)(1)(i);

sampling sites 

must be located 

at the inlet and 

outlet to each 

control device;

 ii. 

determine 

velocity 

and 

volumetric 

flow rate;

EPA Method 2, 2A, 

2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G 

in Appendix A to 

part 60 of this 

chapter;

you may use EPA 

Method 2A, 2C, 

2D, 2F, or 2G as 

an alternative to 

using EPA Method 

2, as 

appropriate;

 iii. 

conduct gas 

analysis; 

and,

(1) EPA Method 3, 

3A, or 3B in 

Appendix A to part 

60 of this 

chapter; or,

you may use EPA 

Method 3A or 3B 

as an alternative 

to using EPA 

Method 3; or,

 (2) ASME PTC 

19.10–1981—Part 

10; and,

you may use ASME 

PTC 19.10–1981—

Part 10 

(available for 

purchase from 

Three Park 

Avenue, New York, 

NY 10016–5990) as 
Page 127 of 161

an alternative to 

using EPA Method 

3B.

iv. measure 

moisture 

content of 

the stack 

gas.

EPA Method 4 in 

Appendix A to part 

60 of this 

chapter.

2. the sum 

of all 

viscose 

process 

vents

a. each 

existing or 

new viscose 

process 

source

i. measure 

total 

sulfide 

emissions

(1) EPA Method 15 

in Appendix A to 

part 60 of this 

chapter; or

(a) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device;

(b) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

viscose process 

vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

viscose process 

vents at normal 

operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535;

(c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch viscose 

process vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c), 

except that the 

emission 

reductions 
Page 128 of 161

required for 

process vents 

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; and

(d) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

compliance 

demonstration and 

determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration; or

 (2) carbon 

disulfide and/or 

hydrogen sulfide 

CEMS, as 

applicable;

(a) you must 

measure emissions 

at the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device 

using CEMS;

(b) you must 

install, operate, 

and maintain the 

CEMS according to 

the applicable 

performance 

specification 

(PS–7, PS–8, PS–

9, or PS–15) of 

40 CFR part 60, 

appendix B; and

(c) you must 
Page 129 of 161

collect CEMS 

emissions data at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device 

during the period 

of the initial 

compliance 

demonstration and 

determine the 

CEMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration.

3. the sum 

of all 

solvent 

coating 

process 

vents

a. each 

existing or 

new 

cellophane 

operation

i. measure 

toluene 

emissions

(1) EPA Method 18 

in Appendix A to part 

60 of this chapter, or 

Method 320 in 

appendix A to 

part 63, or

(a) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device;

(b) you may use 

EPA Method 18 or 

320 to determine 

the control 

efficiency of any 

control device 

for organic 

compounds; for a 

combustion 

device, you must 

use only HAP that 

are present in 

the inlet to the 

control device to 

characterize the 

percent reduction 

across the 

combustion 
Page 130 of 161

device;

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

solvent coating 

process vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

solvent coating 

process vents at 

normal operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535;

 (d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch solvent 

coating process 

vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c), 

except that the 

emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; and
Page 131 of 161

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

compliance 

demonstration and 

determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration; or

 (2) ASTM D6420–99 (a) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device;

 (b) you may use 

ASTM D6420–99 

(available for 

purchase from at 

least one of the 

following 

addresses: 100 

Barr Harbor 

Drive, West 

Conshohocken, PA 

19428–2959; or 

University 

Microfilms 

International, 

300 North Zeeb 

Road, Ann Arbor, 

MI 48106) as an 

alternative to 

EPA Method 18 

only where: the 

target 

compound(s) are 
Page 132 of 161

those listed in 

Section 1.1 of 

ASTM D6420–99; 

and the target 

concentration is 

between 150 parts 

per billion by 

volume (ppbv) and 

100 ppmv; for 

target 

compound(s) not 

listed in Section 

1.1 of ASTM 

D6420–99, but 

potentially 

detected by mass 

spectrometry, the 

additional system 

continuing 

calibration check 

after each run, 

as detailed in 

Section 10.5.3 of 

the ASTM method, 

must be followed, 

met, documented, 

and submitted 

with the data 

report even if 

there is no 

moisture 

condenser used or 

the compound is 

not considered 

water soluble; 

and for target 

compound(s) not 

listed in Section 

1.1 of ASTM 

D6420–99 and not 

amenable to 

detection by mass 
Page 133 of 161

spectrometry, 

ASTM D6420–99 

does not apply;

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

solvent coating 

process vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

solvent coating 

process vents at 

normal operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535;

 (d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch solvent 

coating process 

vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c), 

except that the 

emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; 
Page 134 of 161

and,

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

compliance

demonstration and 

determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration.

4. the sum 

of all 

cellulose 

ether 

process 

vents

a. each 

existing or 

new 

cellulose 

ether 

operation

i. measure 

total 

organic HAP 

emissions

(1) EPA Method 18 

in Appendix A to part 

60 of this chapter or 

Method 320 in 

appendix A to 

part 63, or

(a) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device;

 (b) you may use 

EPA Method 18 or 

320 to determine 

the control 

efficiency of any 

control device 

for organic 

compounds; for a 

combustion 

device, you must 

use only HAP that 

are present in 

the inlet to the 

control device to 

characterize the 

percent reduction 

across the 

combustion 
Page 135 of 161

device;

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents at 

normal operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535;

 (d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch cellulose 

ether process 

vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c), 

except that the 

emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U

of this part; and
Page 136 of 161

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

performance test 

and determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

performance test;

 (2) ASTM D6420–99 (a) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device;

 (b) you may use 

ASTM D6420–99 

(available for 

purchase from at 

least one of the 

following 

addresses: 100 

Barr Harbor 

Drive, West 

Conshohocken, PA 

19428–2959; or 

University 

Microfilms 

International, 

300 North Zeeb 

Road, Ann Arbor, 

MI 48106) as an 

alternative to 

EPA Method 18 

only where: the 

target 

compound(s) are 

those listed in 
Page 137 of 161

Section 1.1 of 

ASTM D6420–99; 

and the target 

concentration is 

between 150 ppbv 

and 100 ppmv; for 

target 

compound(s) not 

listed in Section 

1.1 of ASTM 

D6420–99, but 

potentially 

detected by mass 

spectrometry, the 

additional system 

continuing 

calibration check 

after each run, 

as detailed in 

Section 10.5.3 of 

the ASTM method, 

must be followed, 

met, documented, 

and submitted 

with the data 

report even if 

there is no 

moisture 

condenser used or 

the compound is 

not considered 

water soluble; 

and for target 

compound(s) not 

listed in Section 

1.1 of ASTM 

D6420–99 and not 

amenable to 

detection by mass 

spectrometry, 

ASTM D6420–99 

does not apply; 
Page 138 of 161

target 

concentration is 

between 150 ppbv 

and 100 ppmv for 

target 

compound(s).

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents at

normal operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535;

 (d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch cellulose 

ether process 

vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c), 

except that the 

emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 
Page 139 of 161

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; and

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

performance test 

and determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

performance test.

 (3) EPA Method 25 

in Appendix A to 

part 60 of this 

chapter; or

(a) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device;

 (b) you may use 

EPA Method 25 to 

determine the 

control 

efficiency of 

combustion 

devices for 

organic 

compounds; you 

may not use EPA 

Method 25 to 

determine the 

control 

efficiency of 

noncombustion 

control devices;

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 
Page 140 of 161

of emissions from 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents at 

normal operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535;

(d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch cellulose 

ether process 

vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c), 

except that the 

emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; and

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

performance test 

and determine the 
Page 141 of 161

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

performance test; 

or

 (4) EPA Method 

25A in Appendix A 

to part 60 of 

this chapter

(a) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each

control device;

 (b) you may use 

EPA Method 25A 

if: an exhaust 

gas volatile 

organic matter 

concentration of 

50 ppmv or less 

is required in 

order to comply 

with the emission 

limit; the 

volatile organic 

matter 

concentration at 

the inlet to the 

control device 

and the required 

level of control 

are such as to 

result in exhaust 

volatile organic 

matter 

concentrations of 

50 ppmv or less; 

or because of the 

high control 

efficiency of the 

control device, 
Page 142 of 161

the anticipated 

volatile organic 

matter 

concentration at 

the control 

device exhaust is 

50 ppmv or less, 

regardless of the 

inlet 

concentration;

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

cellulose ether 

process vents at 

normal operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535;

 (d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch cellulose 

ether process 

vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c), 

except that the 

emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under this 
Page 143 of 161

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; 

and,

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

performance test 

and determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

performance test.

5. each 

toluene 

storage 

vessel

a. each 

existing or 

new 

cellophane 

operation

i. measure 

toluene 

emissions

(1) EPA Method 18 

in Appendix A to part 

60 of this chapter or 

Method 320 in 

appendix A to 

part 63 ; or

(a) if venting to 

a control device 

to reduce 

emissions, you 

must conduct 

testing of 

emissions at the 

inlet and outlet 

of each control 

device;

 (b) you may use 

EPA Method 18 or 

320 to determine 

the control 

efficiency of any 

control device 

for organic 

compounds; for a 

combustion 

device, you must 
Page 144 of 161

use only HAP that 

are present in 

the inlet to the 

control device to 

characterize the 

percent reduction 

across the 

combustion 

device;

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

storage vessel 

vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

storage vessel 

vents at normal 

operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535 for 

continuous 

process vents;

 (d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch storage 

vessel vents as 

specified in 

§63.490(c) for 

batch process 

vents, except 

that the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 
Page 145 of 161

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; 

and,

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

compliance 

demonstration and 

determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration; or

 (2) ASTM D6420–99 (a) if venting to 

a control device 

to reduce 

emissions, you 

must conduct 

testing of 

emissions at the 

inlet and outlet 

of each control 

device;

 (b) you may use 

ASTM D6420–99 

(available for 

purchase from at 

least one of the 

following 

addresses: 100 
Page 146 of 161

Barr Harbor 

Drive, West 

Conshohocken, PA 

19428–2959; or 

University 

Microfilms 

International, 

300 North Zeeb 

Road, Ann Arbor, 

MI 48106) as an 

alternative to 

EPA Method 18 

only where: the 

target 

compound(s) are 

those listed in 

Section 1.1 of 

ASTM D6420–99, 

and the target 

concentration is 

between 150 ppbv 

and 100 ppmv; for 

target 

compound(s) not 

listed in Section 

1.1 of ASTM 

D6420- 99, but 

potentially 

detected by mass 

spectrometry, the 

additional system 

continuing 

calibration check 

after each run, 

as detailed in 

Section 10.5.3 of 

the ASTM method, 

must be followed, 

met, documented, 

and submitted 

with the data 

report even if 
Page 147 of 161

there is no 

moisture 

condenser used or 

the compound is 

not considered 

water soluble; 

and for target 

compound(s) not 

listed in Section 

1.1 of ASTM 

D6420–99 and not 

amenable to 

detection by mass 

spectrometry, 

ASTM D6420–99 

does not apply;

 (c) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

continuous 

storage vessel 

vents and 

combinations of 

batch and 

continuous 

storage vessel 

vents at normal 

operating 

conditions, as 

specified in 

§§63.7(e)(1) and 

63.5535 for 

continuous 

process vents;

 (d) you must 

conduct testing 

of emissions from 

batch storage 

vessel vents as 

specified in 
Page 148 of 161

§63.490(c) for 

batch process 

vents, except 

that the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under this 

subpart supersede 

the emission 

reductions 

required for 

process vents 

under subpart U 

of this part; 

and,

 (e) you must 

collect CPMS data 

during the period 

of the initial 

compliance 

demonstration and 

determine the 

CPMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration.

6. the sum 

of all 

process 

vents 

controlled 

using a 

flare

a. each 

existing or 

new affected 

source

i. measure 

visible 

emissions

(1) EPA Method 22 

in Appendix A to 

part 60 of this 

chapter

(a) you must 

conduct the flare 

visible emissions 

test according to 

§63.11(b).

7. 

equipment 

a. each 

existing or 

new 

i. measure 

leak rate

(1) applicable 

equipment leak 

test methods in 

(a) you must 

follow all 

requirements for 
Page 149 of 161

leaks cellulose 

ether 

operation

§63.180; or the applicable 

equipment leak 

test methods in 

§63.180; or

 (2) applicable 

equipment leak 

test methods in 

§63.1023

(a) you must 

follow all 

requirements for 

the applicable 

equipment leak 

test methods in 

§63.1023.

8. all 

sources of 

wastewater 

emissions

a. each 

existing or 

new 

cellulose 

ether 

operation

i. measure 

wastewater 

HAP 

emissions

(1) applicable 

wastewater test 

methods and 

procedures in 

§§63.144 and 

63.145; or

(a) You must 

follow all 

requirements for 

the applicable 

wastewater test 

methods and 

procedures in 

§§63.144 and 

63.145; or

 (2) applicable 

wastewater test 

methods and 

procedures in 

§§63.144 and 

63.145, using 

ASTM D5790–95 as 

an alternative to 

EPA Method 624 in 

Appendix A to part

163 of this 

chapter

(a) you must 

follow all 

requirements for 

the applicable 

waste water test 

methods and 

procedures in 

§§63.144 and 

63.145, except 

that you may use 

ASTM D5790–95 

(available for 

purchase from at 

least one of the 

following 

addresses: 100 

Barr Harbor 

Drive, West 

Conshohocken, PA 
Page 150 of 161

19428–2959; or 

University 

Microfilms 

International, 

300 North Zeeb 

Road, Ann Arbor, 

MI 48106) as an 

alternative to 

EPA Method 624, 

under the 

condition that 

this ASTM method 

be used with the 

sampling 

procedures of EPA 

Method 25D or an 

equivalent 

method.

9. any 

emission 

point

a. each 

existing or 

new affected 

source using 

a CEMS to 

demonstrate 

compliance

i. conduct 

a CEMS 

performance 

evaluation

(1) applicable 

requirements in 

§63.8 and 

applicable 

performance 

specification 

(PS–7, PS–8, PS–

9, or PS–15) in 

Appendix B to part 

60 of this 

chapter

(a) you must 

conduct the CEMS 

performance 

evaluation during 

the period of the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration 

according to the 

applicable 

requirements in 

§63.8 and the 

applicable 

performance 

specification 

(PS–7, PS–8, PS–

9, or PS–15) of 

40 CFR part 60, 

Appendix B;

(b) you must 

install, operate, 

and maintain the 

CEMS according to 
Page 151 of 161

the applicable 

performance 

specification 

(PS–7, PS–8, PS–

9, or PS–15) of 

40 CFR part 60, 

Appendix B; and

(c) you must 

collect CEMS 

emissions data at 

the inlet and 

outlet of each 

control device 

during the period 

of the initial 

compliance 

demonstration and 

determine the 

CEMS operating 

limit during the 

period of the 

initial 

compliance 

demonstration.

* * * * *

14. By revising Table 4 in the appendix to Subpart ZZZZ as 

follows: 

Subpart ZZZZ—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 

for Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

* * * * *

Table 4 to Subpart ZZZZ of Part 63—Requirements for Performance Tests

[As stated in §§63.6610, 63.6611, 63.6620, and 63.6640, you must 

comply with the following requirements for performance tests for 

stationary RICE]
Page 152 of 161

For each . 

. .

Complying 

with the

requirement 

to . . .

You must . . 

.

Using . . .

According to 

the following 

requirements . 

. .

1. 2SLB, 

4SLB, and 

CI 

stationary 

RICE

a. Reduce CO 

emissions

i. Measure 

the O2 at the 

inlet and 

outlet of the 

control 

device; and

(1) Portable CO 

and O2 analyzer

(a) Using ASTM 

D6522–00 

(2005)a(heated 

probe not necessary; 

single-point sampling) 

(incorporated 

by reference, 

see §63.14). 

Measurements to 

determine O2

must be made at 

the same time 

as the 

measurements 

for CO 

concentration.

 ii. Measure 

the CO at the 

inlet and the 

outlet of the 

control 

device.

(1) Portable CO 

and O2 analyzer

(a) Using ASTM 

D6522–00 

(2005)a (heated 

probe not necessary; 

single-point sampling) 

(incorporated 

by reference, 

see §63.14) or 

Method 10 of 40 

CFR part 60, 

appendix A. The 

CO 

concentration 

must be at 15 

percent O2, dry 

basis.

2. 4SRB 

stationary 

RICE

a. Reduce 

formaldehyde 

emissions

i. Sample at the 

centroid of the 

(a) Sampling 

sites must be 

located at the 
Page 153 of 161

exhaust; inlet and 

outlet of the 

control device.

 ii. Measure O2

at the inlet 

and outlet of 

the control 

device; 

(1) Method 3 or 

3A or 3B of 40 

CFR part 60, 

Appendix A, or 

ASTM Method 

D6522–00 (2005)

(heated probe not 

necessary; singlepoint sampling).

(a) 

Measurements to 

determine O2

concentration must 

be made at the 

same time as 

the 

measurements 

for 

formaldehyde 

concentration.

 iii. Measure 

moisture 

content at 

the inlet and 

outlet of the 

control 

device; and,

(1) Method 4 of 

40 CFR part 60, 

Appendix A, or 

Test Method 320 

of 40 CFR part 

63, Appendix A, 

or ASTM D 6348–

03

(a) 

Measurements to 

determine 

moisture 

content must be 

made at the 

same time and 

location as the 

measurements 

for 

formaldehyde 

concentration.

 iv. Measure 

formaldehyde 

at the inlet 

and the 

outlet of the 

control 

device.

(1) Method 320 

or 323 of 40 

CFR part 63, 

Appendix A; or 

ASTM D6348–03b, 

provided in ASTM 

D6348–03 Annex 

A5 (Analyte 

Spiking 

Technique), the 

percent R must 

be greater than 

or equal to 70 

(a) 

Formaldehyde 

concentration 

must be at 15 

percent O2, dry 

basis. Results 

of this test 

consist of the 

average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.
Page 154 of 161

and less than 

or equal to 130

3. 

Stationary 

RICE

a. Limit the 

concentration 

of 

formaldehyde 

in the 

stationary 

RICE exhaust

i. Sample at the 

centroid of the 

exhaust; 

(a) If using a 

control device, 

the sampling 

site must be 

located at the 

outlet of the 

control device.

 ii. Determine 

the O2

concentration of 

the 

stationary 

RICE exhaust 

at the 

sampling port 

location; 

(1) Method 3 or 

3A or 3B of 40 

CFR part 60, 

Appendix A, or 

ASTM Method 

D6522–00 (2005)

(heated probe not 

necessary; singlepoint sampling).

(a) 

Measurements to 

determine O2

concentration must 

be made at the 

same time and 

location as the 

measurements 

for 

formaldehyde 

concentration.

 iii. Measure 

moisture 

content of 

the 

stationary 

RICE exhaust 

at the 

sampling port 

location; and,

(1) Method 4 of 

40 CFR part 60, 

Appendix A, or 

Test Method 320 

of 40 CFR part 

63, Appendix A, 

or ASTM D 6348–

03

(a) 

Measurements to 

determine 

moisture 

content must be 

made at the 

same time and 

location as the 

measurements 

for 

formaldehyde 

concentration.

 iv. Measure 

formaldehyde 

at the 

exhaust of 

the 

stationary 

(1) Method 320 

or 323 of 40 

CFR part 63, 

Appendix A; or 

ASTM D6348–03b, 

provided in ASTM 

(a) 

Formaldehyde 

concentration 

must be at 15 

percent O2, dry 

basis. Results 

of this test 
Page 155 of 161

RICE. D6348–03 Annex 

A5 (Analyte 

Spiking 

Technique), the 

percent R must 

be greater than 

or equal to 70 

and less than 

or equal to 130

consist of the 

average of the 

three 1-hour or 

longer runs.

aYou may also use Methods 3A and 10 as options to ASTM–D6522–00 

(2005). You may obtain a copy of ASTM–D6522–00 (2005) from at least 

one of the following addresses: American Society for Testing and 

Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959, 

or University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann 

Arbor, MI 48106.

bYou may obtain a copy of ASTM–D6348–03 from at least one of the 

following addresses: American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 

Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959, or University 

Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.

* * * * *

15. In Method 306 of Appendix A by revising Sections 2.2.1, 

6.1.4, and 8.0 as follows:

Method 306—Determination of Chromium Emissions From Decorative and 

Hard Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Operations—

Isokinetic Method

* * * * *

2.2.1 Total chromium samples with high chromium concentrations 

(≥35 μg/L) may be analyzed using inductively coupled plasma emission 

spectrometry (ICP) at 267.72 nm.

Note: The ICP analysis is applicable for this method only when 

the solution analyzed has a Cr concentration greater than or equal to 
Page 156 of 161

35 μg/L or five times the method detection limit as determined 

according to Appendix B in 40 CFR part 136. Similarly, inductively 

coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) may be used for total 

chromium analysis provided the procedures for ICP-MS analysis 

described in Method 6020 or 6020A (EPA Office of Solid Waste, 

publication SW-846) are followed .

* * * * *

6.1.4 Operating and maintenance procedures for the sampling 

train are described in APTD–0576 of Method 5. Users should read the 

APTD–0576 document and adopt the outlined procedures. Alternative 

mercury-free thermometers may be used if the thermometers are, at a 

minimum, equivalent in terms of performance or suitably effective for 

the specific temperature measurement application.

* * * * *

8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, Holding Times, Storage, 

and Transport

Note: Prior to sample collection, consideration should be given to 

the type of analysis (Cr+6 or total Cr) that will be performed. Which 

analysis option(s) will be performed will determine which sample 

recovery and storage procedures will be required to process the 

sample.

* * * * *
Page 157 of 161

16. In Method 306A of Appendix A by revising Section 8.2 as 

follows:

Method 306A — Determination of Chromium Emissions From Decorative and 

Hard Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Operations

* * * * *

8.2 Sample Recovery. After the train has been transferred to 

the sample recovery area, disconnect the tubing that connects the 

jar/impingers. The tester shall select either the total Cr or Cr+6

sample recovery option. Samples to be analyzed for both total Cr and 

Cr+6 shall be recovered using the Cr+6 sample option (Section 8.2.2).

Note: Collect a reagent blank sample for each of the total Cr or the 

Cr+6 analytical options. If both analyses (Cr and Cr+6) are to be 

conducted on the samples, collect separate reagent blanks for each 

analysis. Also, since particulate matter is not usually present at 

chromium electroplating and/or chromium anodizing operations, it is 

not necessary to filter the Cr+6 samples unless there is observed 

sediment in the collected solutions. If it is necessary to filter the 

Cr+6 solutions, please refer to Method 0061, Determination of 

Hexavalent Chromium Emissions from Stationary Sources, Section 7.4, 

Sample Preparation in SW-846 (see Reference 1).

* * * * *

17. In Method 308 of Appendix A by revising Section 10.1.3 as 

follows: 
Page 158 of 161

Method 308 — Procedure for Determination of Methanol Emission From 

Stationary Sources

* * * * *

10.1.3 Temperature Sensors. Calibrate against mercury-in-glass 

thermometers. An alternative mercury-free thermometer may be used if 

the thermometer is, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance 

or suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application.

* * * * *

18. In Method 315 of Appendix A by revising Sections 6.1.1 and 

10.5 and by redesignating Section 8.11 as 8.1 and revising as 

follows: 

Method 315 — Determination of Particulate and Methylene Chloride

Extractable Matter (MCEM) From Selected Sources at Primary Aluminum 

Production Facilities

* * * * *

6.1.1 Sampling train. A schematic of the sampling train used in 

this method is shown in Figure 5–1, Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, Appendix

A. Complete construction details are given in APTD–0581 (Reference 2 

in section 17.0 of this method); commercial models of this train are 

also available. For changes from APTD–0581 and for allowable 

modifications of the train shown in Figure 5–1, Method 5, 40 CFR part 

60, Appendix A, see the following subsections. Note: The operating and 
Page 159 of 161

maintenance procedures for the sampling train are described in APTD–

0576 (Reference 3 in section 17.0 of this method). Since correct 

usage is important in obtaining valid results, all users should read 

APTD–0576 and adopt the operating and maintenance procedures outlined 

in it, unless otherwise specified herein. Alternative mercury-free 

thermometers may be used if the thermometers are, at a minimum, 

equivalent in terms of performance or suitably effective for the 

specific temperature measurement application. The use of grease for 

sealing sampling train components is not recommended because many 

greases are soluble in methylene chloride. The sampling train 

consists of the following components:

* * * * *

8.1 Pretest preparation. It is suggested that sampling 

equipment be maintained according to the procedures described in 

APTD–0576. Alternative mercury-free thermometers may be used if the 

thermometers are at a minimum equivalent in terms of performance or 

suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application.

* * * * *

10.5 Temperature sensors. Use the procedure in Section 10.3 of 

Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A to calibrate in-stack 

temperature sensors. Dial thermometers, such as are used for the DGM 

and condenser outlet, shall be calibrated against mercury-in-glass 
Page 160 of 161

thermometers. An alternative mercury-free thermometer may be used if 

the thermometer is, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance 

or suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application.

* * * * *

19. In Method 316 of Appendix A by revising Section 10.5 as 

follows: 

Method 316 — Sampling and Analysis for Formaldehyde Emissions From 

Stationary Sources in the Mineral Wool and Wool Fiberglass Industries

* * * * *

10.5 Temperature gauges: Use the procedure in Section 4.3 of 

EPA Method 2 to calibrate in-stack temperature gauges. Dial 

thermometers, such as are used for the dry gas meter and condenser 

outlet, shall be calibrated against mercury-in-glass thermometers. 

An alternative mercury-free thermometer may be used if the 

thermometer is, at a minimum, equivalent in terms of performance or 

suitably effective for the specific temperature measurement 

application.

* * * * *

20. In Method 321 of Appendix A by revising the definition for 

the term “Df” after equation (2) in Section 9.3.1 as follows: 
Page 161 of 161

Test Method 321—Measurement of Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride Emissions at 

Portland Cement Kilns by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) 

Spectroscopy

* * * * *

9.3 * * *

DF = Dilution Factor (Total flow/Spike flow). Total flow = 

spike flow plus effluent flow.

* * * * *