USA Banner
  U.S. flag
              An official website of the United States government Here's how you knowOfficial US Government Icon
              **Official websites use .gov**A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
            Secure Site Icon
              **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                  A **lock** ( A locked padlock ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 
 U.S. Department of Transportation Icon United States Department of Transportation
 Search DOT
            Search
                    About FHWAFHWA Organization
                Headquarters Offices
                Field Offices
                Strategic Plan
                Business Opportunities
                Staff Directories
                Careers
                Highway History
                Contact UsProgramsAcquisition Management
                Civil Rights
                Federal Lands Highway
                Infrastructure
                Innovative Program Delivery
                Operations
                Planning, Environment, and Realty
                Policy
                Research, Development, and Technology
                Safety
                Browse by TopicsResourcesCore Highway Topics
                Federal Aid Essentials
                Automation
                Complete Streets
                Laws and Regulations
                Policy & Guidance Center
                Section 508
                Publications and Statistics
                Professional Development
                National Highway Institute
                Resource Center
                Accessibility Resource Library
                FHWA Research LibraryNewsroomPress Releases
                Speeches & Testimony
                Photos
                Videos
                Media ContactsMenu FHWA Highway Safety Programs Home
                        Methods and Practices for Setting Speed Limits: An Informational Report


            
            In This Section
        Speed Management Safety
                USLIMITS2
                                Overview
                Create a New Project
                Revise an Existing Project
                Frequently Asked Questions
                Technical Support
                Facts & Statistics
                Engineering Speed Limits
                Traffic Calming ePrimer
                Ongoing Research
                Reference Materials
                Related Web Site Links
                
                References
Library of Congress, "Who Invented the Automobile?" http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/auto.html (July 24, 2011).
	Transport Research Centre, "Speed Management," Joint Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development and European Conference of Ministers of Transport, ITRD Number E130442 (Paris, France: 2006).
	National Forum on Speeding Summary Report Strategies for Reducing Speeding-Related Fatalities and Injuries, http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/enforce/ NatForumSpeeding/images/SpeedingForum.pdf.
	Locomotive Act 1861, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/24-25/70/section/11/enacted (August 26, 2011).
	Department of Transport, "A Brief History of Registration," Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency http://www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/groups/dg_digitalassets/@dg/@en/@motor/documents/digitalasset/dg_180212.pdf (September 6, 2011).
	European Transport Safety Council news release, "Polish Presidency of the EU: Time to Start Work towards the 2020 Road Safety Target," http://www.etsc.eu/documents/copy_of_ETSC_Polish_Presidency_Press.pdf (July 4, 2011).
	R. Elvik, P. Christensen, and A. Amundsen, "Speed and Road Accidents: An Evaluation of the Power Model," The Institute of Transport Economics (TOI), TOI Report 740/2004 (December 2004).
	S.B. White and A. C. Nelson, "Some Effects of Measurement Errors in Estimating Involvement Rate as a Function of Deviation from Mean Traffic Speed," *Journal of Safety Research,*2 (1970): 67-72.
	E. Hauer, "Speed and Crash Risk: An Opinion," (unpublished manuscript dated September 8, 2003, University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada).
	G.A. Davis, "Is the Claim that 'Variance Kills' an Ecological Fallacy?" (paper 01-0530 from the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies Annual Meeting, Washington DC (available on CD-Rom)).
	Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (TRB), "Managing Speed: Review of Current Practice for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits," *TRB Special Report 254,*National Research Council (Washington, DC: 1998).
	National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances. *Uniform Vehicle Code*Millennium Edition. (Evanston, Illinois: 2000).
	Y. Yang., "Optimal Speed Limit for Shared-Use Roadways," (Doctoral diss., New Jersey Institute of Technology, July 2005).
	Speed Limits New Zealand, *Guidelines for Setting Speed Limits and Procedures for Calculating Speed Limits.*
	Federal Highway Administration, *Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways,*2009 Edition http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov.
	K. Fitzpatrick, P. Carlson, M.A. Brewer, M.D. Wooldridge, and S.P. Miaou, *Design Speed, Operating Speed and Posted Speed Practices,*Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 504 (Washington, DC: 2003).
	Institute of Transportation Engineers, *Survey of Speed Zoning Practices,*An Informational Report (Washington, DC: 2001).
	Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Highway Department, *Procedures for Speed Zoning on State and Municipal Roadways*(2005).
	Texas Department of Transportation, *Procedures for Establishing Speed Zones*(November 2006).
	Maine Department of Transportation, "How Are Speed Limits Set?" http://www.maine.gov/mdot/community-programs/csd/ howlimit.php (July 13, 2011).
	Illinois Department of Transportation, "Policy on Establishing and Posting Speed Limits on the State Highway System" (March 2011).
	Transportation Association of Canada, *Canadian Guidelines for Establishing Posted Speed Limits*(2009).
	National Cooperative Highway Research Program for the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, *An Expert System for Recommending Speed Limits in Speed Zones,*Research Results Digest 318 (May 2007).
	J.G. Bared, P. Edara, and T. Kim, "Safety Impact of Interchange Spacing on Urban Freeways," (paper presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (January 2006).
	C.V. Zegeer, J. Hummer, D. Reinfurt, L. Herf, and W. Hunter, *Safety Effects of Cross-Section Design for Two-Lane Roads,* Volume I-Final Report, FHWA-RD-87/008 (October 1987).
	Federal Highway Administration, Office of Operations, *Benefits of Access Management*brochure, FHWA-OP-03-066 http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/access_mgmt/docs/benefits_am_trifold.htm.
	R. Elvik, "Optimal Speed Limits: The Limits of Optimality Models," *Transportation Research Record 1818*(2002): 32-38.
	J. Langford, "Setting Speed Limits for a Safe System," Monash University Accident Research Centre http://www.austroads.com.au/pdf/TestMethod2/9._Setting_speed_limits_16_Nov_06_.pdf (August 12, 2011).
	Ohio Department of Transportation. *Traffic Engineering Manual,*Part 12, Zones and Studies (Revised July 18, 2008).
	Florida Department of Transportation, *Speed Zoning for Highways, Roads, and Streets in Florida,*Manual Number 750-010-002, 2010 Edition.
	Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, *Establishment of Speed Limits and Zones, Policy and Procedure Manual*(June 2000).
	Roads and Traffic Authority NSW, NSW Speed Zoning Guidelines, Version 3.0, Safer Roads Branch (2009).
	Federal Highway Administration, *Standard Highway Signs,*2004 Edition http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ser-shs_millennium_eng.htm.
	Washington Department of Transportation, *Traffic Manual,*Chapter 2, Signs (March 2002).
	Montana Department of Transportation, *Montana Traffic Engineering Manual,*Chapter 40-Speed Studies (November 2007).
	V.W. Inman, S. Miller, S. Tackett, J.A. Molino, and A.Z. Zineddin, "Exploration of Appropriate Intervals for Locating Speed Limit Signs," Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting CD-ROM (2008).
	Alberta Transportation, *Driver (Speed) Feedback Signs,*Recommended Practice, Government of Alberta, Canada (December 2010).
	Institute of Transportation Engineers, *Methodologies for the Determination of Advisory Speeds,*Publication No. IR-132E (Washington, DC: 2010).
	K. Fitzpatrick, M. Brewer, K. Obeng-Boampong, E.S. Park, and N. Trout, *Speeds in School Zones,*Report No. FHWA/TX-09/0-5470-1, Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University System (College Station, Texas: February 2009).
	VicRoads, "School Speed Zones" http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/Home/SafetyAndRules/SafetyIssues/Speed/ SchoolSpeedZones.htm (August 28, 2011).
	Ontario Ministry of Transportation, *Ontario Traffic Manual - Book 5 - Regulatory Signs,*Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
	National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, *Speed Enforcement Program Guidelines,*Report No. DOT HS 810 915 (March 2008).
	Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Bureau of Highway Operations, Traffic Engineering Section, *Wisconsin Statewide Speed Management Guidelines,*(Madison, Wisconsin: June 2009).
	Institute of Transportation Engineers. *Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies*(Washington, DC: 2000).
	National Motorists Association, *Speed Limits, NMA's Model Speed Zoning Law*http://www.motorists.org/speedlimits/home/nmas-model-speed-zoning-law.
	National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, *Traffic Safety Facts 2007, Data: Speeding,*DOT-HS-810-998 (Washington, DC: 2009).
	C.N. Kloeden, G. Ponte, and A.J. McLean, *Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement on Rural Roads.*Australian Transport Safety Bureau, CR 204 (Canberra, Australia: 2001).
	National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Federal Highway Administration, *Speed Enforcement Camera Systems Operational Guidelines,*Report No. DOT HS 810 916 (March 2008).
	Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety, *Procedures for Setting Advisory Speeds on Curves,*FHWA Document No. FHWA-SA-11-22 http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa1122.
	G. Forbes, *Speed Reduction Techniques for Rural High-to-Low Speed Transitions,*National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Synthesis Report 412, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (2011).
	A. Edgar, "Speed Zoning Based on the Road Environment," ITE *2005 Annual Meeting and Exhibit Compendium of Technical Papers,*Institute of Transportation Engineers (2005).
	E. Hauer, "Speed and Safety," *Transportation Research Record 2103,*Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (2009): 10-17.
      
  Book traversal links for References
      ‹ Summary of Results
                    Up
                    Appendix A: Glossary ›
                
                Book:Methods and Practices for Setting Speed Limits: An Informational Report
              Background
                Purpose & Scope
                Report Organization
                The Safety of Speed
                Speed Limit Basics
                Speed Limit Sign and Placement
                Speed Study Data Collection
                Speed Limit Enforcement
                Case Studies
                Summary of Results
                References
                Appendix A: Glossary
                Appendix B: Example Traffic Control Order
                Appendix C: Illinois Policy on Setting Speed Limits
                Appendix D: Northwestern Speed Zoning Technique
                Appendix E: Speed Limits New Zealand (Road Risk Methodology) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

**Federal Highway Administration**

1200 NEW JERSEY AVENUE, SE

WASHINGTON, DC 20590

202-366-4000Subscribe to email updates
                    About
  

        
              About FHWA
                Careers
                Org Chart
                Staff Directories
                Work with UsPrograms
  

        
              Acquisition Management
                Civil Rights
                Federal Lands Highway
                Infrastructure
                Innovative Program Delivery
                Operations
                Planning, Environment, and Realty
                Policy
                Research, Development, and Technology
                SafetyPolicies, Rights, Legal
  

        
              About DOT
                Accessibility
                Budget and Performance
                Civil Rights
                FOIA
                Information Quality
                No FEAR Act
                Office of Inspector General
                Privacy Policy
                USA.gov
                Web Policies and Notices
                Web StandardsNews & Events
  

        
              Newsroom
                Press Releases
                Speeches & Testimony
                Media Contacts
                Connect with Us