II 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 3208 

To provide for a biennial budget process and a biennial appropriations process 

and to enhance oversight and the performance of the Federal Government. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

NOVEMBER 2, 2023 

Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself, Mr. BRAUN, Mr. CARPER, Mr. GRASSLEY, Ms. 

HASSAN, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. KAINE, Mr. BARRASSO, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mr. SCHMITT, Mr. MANCHIN, Mr. CRAMER, and Ms. LUMMIS) 

introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 

Committee on the Budget 

A BILL 

To provide for a biennial budget process and a biennial 

appropriations process and to enhance oversight and the 

performance of the Federal Government. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Biennial Budgeting 

5 and Appropriations Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. REVISION OF TIMETABLE. 

7 Section 300 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 

8 (2 U.S.C. 631) is amended to read as follows: 


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1 ‘‘TIMETABLE

2 ‘‘SEC. 300. (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided by 

3 subsection (b), the timetable with respect to the congres4 sional budget process for any Congress (beginning with 

5 the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress) is as follows: 

‘‘First Session 

On or before: Action to be completed: 

First Monday in February ........ President submits budget recommendations. 

February 15 ............................... Congressional Budget Office submits report 

to Budget Committees. 

Not later than 6 weeks after 

budget submission.

Committees submit views and estimates to 

Budget Committees. 

April 1 ....................................... Budget Committees report concurrent resolution on the biennial budget. 

May 15 ....................................... Congress completes action on concurrent resolution on the biennial budget. 

May 15 ....................................... Biennial appropriation bills may be considered in the House. 

June 10 ...................................... House Appropriations Committee reports last 

biennial appropriation bill. 

June 30 ...................................... House completes action on biennial appropriation bills. 

August 1 .................................... Congress completes action on reconciliation 

legislation. 

October 1 ................................... Biennium begins. 

‘‘Second Session 

On or before: Action to be completed: 

February 15 ............................... President submits budget review. 

Not later than 6 weeks after 

President submits budget review.

Congressional Budget Office submits report 

to Budget Committees. 

The last day of the session ........ Congress completes action on bills and resolutions authorizing new budget authority 

for the succeeding biennium. 

6 ‘‘(b) SPECIAL RULE.—In the case of any first session 

7 of Congress that begins in any year immediately following 

8 a leap year and during which the term of a President (ex9 cept a President who succeeds himself or herself) begins, 


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1 the following dates shall supersede those set forth in sub2 section (a): 

‘‘First Session 

On or before: Action to be completed: 

First Monday in April ............... President submits budget recommendations. 

April 20 ..................................... Committees submit views and estimates to 

Budget Committees. 

May 15 ....................................... Budget Committees report concurrent resolution on the biennial budget. 

June 1 ........................................ Congress completes action on concurrent resolution on the biennial budget. 

July 1 ......................................... Biennial appropriation bills may be considered in the House. 

July 20 ....................................... House completes action on biennial appropriation bills. 

August 1 .................................... Congress completes action on reconciliation 

legislation. 

October 1 ................................... Biennium begins.’’. 

3 SEC. 3. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET 

4 AND IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL ACT OF 1974. 

5 (a) DECLARATION OF PURPOSE.—Section 2(2) of the 

6 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 

7 1974 (2 U.S.C. 621(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘each 

8 year’’ and inserting ‘‘biennially’’. 

9 (b) DEFINITIONS.— 

10 (1) BUDGET RESOLUTION.—Section 3(4) of 

11 such Act (2 U.S.C. 622(4)) is amended by striking 

12 ‘‘fiscal year’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘bi13 ennium’’. 

14 (2) BIENNIUM.—Section 3 of such Act (2 

15 U.S.C. 622) is further amended by adding at the 

16 end the following new paragraph: 


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1 ‘‘(12) The term ‘biennium’ means the period of 

2 2 consecutive fiscal years beginning on October 1 of 

3 any odd-numbered year.’’. 

4 (c) BIENNIAL CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE

5 BUDGET.— 

6 (1) SECTION HEADING.—The section heading of 

7 section 301 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 632) is amended 

8 by striking ‘‘ANNUAL’’ and inserting ‘‘BIENNIAL’’. 

9 (2) CONTENTS OF RESOLUTION.—Section 

10 301(a) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 632(a)) is amended— 

11 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) 

12 by— 

13 (i) striking ‘‘April 15 of each year’’ 

14 and inserting ‘‘May 15 of each odd-num15 bered year’’; 

16 (ii) striking ‘‘the fiscal year beginning 

17 on October 1 of such year’’ the first place 

18 it appears and inserting ‘‘the biennium be19 ginning on October 1 of such year’’; and 

20 (iii) striking ‘‘the fiscal year beginning 

21 on October 1 of such year’’ the second 

22 place it appears and inserting ‘‘each fiscal 

23 year in such period’’; 


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1 (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘for the 

2 fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘for each fiscal year 

3 in the biennium’’; and 

4 (C) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘for the 

5 fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘for each fiscal year 

6 in the biennium’’. 

7 (3) ADDITIONAL MATTERS.—Section 301(b)(3) 

8 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 632(b)(3)) is amended by 

9 striking ‘‘for such fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘for ei10 ther fiscal year in such biennium’’. 

11 (4) VIEWS OF OTHER COMMITTEES.—Section 

12 301(d) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 632(d)) is amended by 

13 inserting ‘‘(or, if applicable, as provided by section 

14 300(b))’’ after ‘‘United States Code’’. 

15 (5) HEARINGS.—Section 301(e)(1) of such Act 

16 (2 U.S.C. 632(e)(1)) is amended by— 

17 (A) striking ‘‘fiscal year’’ and inserting 

18 ‘‘biennium’’; and 

19 (B) inserting after the second sentence the 

20 following: ‘‘On or before April 1 of each odd21 numbered year (or, if applicable, as provided by 

22 section 300(b)), the Committee on the Budget 

23 of each House shall report to its House the con24 current resolution on the budget referred to in 


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1 subsection (a) for the biennium beginning on 

2 October 1 of that year.’’. 

3 (6) GOALS FOR REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT.— 

4 Section 301(f) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 632(f)) is 

5 amended by striking ‘‘fiscal year’’ each place it ap6 pears and inserting ‘‘biennium’’. 

7 (7) ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS.—Section 

8 301(g)(1) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 632(g)(1)) is 

9 amended by striking ‘‘for a fiscal year’’ and insert10 ing ‘‘for a biennium’’. 

11 (8) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con12 tents set forth in section 1(b) of such Act is amend13 ed by striking the item relating to section 301 and 

14 inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 301. Biennial adoption of concurrent resolution on the budget.’’. 

15 (d) COMMITTEE ALLOCATIONS.—Section 302 of such 

16 Act (2 U.S.C. 633) is amended— 

17 (1) in subsection (a)— 

18 (A) in paragraph (1), by— 

19 (i) striking ‘‘for the first fiscal year of 

20 the resolution,’’ and inserting ‘‘for each 

21 fiscal year in the biennium,’’; 

22 (ii) striking ‘‘for that period of fiscal 

23 years’’ and inserting ‘‘for all fiscal years 

24 covered by the resolution’’; and 


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1 (iii) striking ‘‘for the fiscal year of 

2 that resolution’’ and inserting ‘‘for each 

3 fiscal year in the biennium’’; and 

4 (B) in paragraph (5)(A), by striking ‘‘April 

5 15’’ and inserting ‘‘May 15 or June 1 (under 

6 section 300(b))’’; 

7 (2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘budget year’’ 

8 and inserting ‘‘biennium’’; 

9 (3) in subsection (c) by striking ‘‘for a fiscal 

10 year’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘for each 

11 fiscal year in the biennium’’; 

12 (4) in subsection (f)— 

13 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

14 (i) in the matter preceding subpara15 graph (A), by striking ‘‘for a fiscal year’’ 

16 and inserting ‘‘for a biennium’’; and 

17 (ii) in matter following subparagraph 

18 (C), by striking ‘‘the first fiscal year’’ and 

19 inserting ‘‘each fiscal year of the bien20 nium’’; and 

21 (B) in paragraph (2)(A)— 

22 (i) by striking ‘‘the first fiscal year’’ 

23 and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year of the bien24 nium’’; and 


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1 (ii) by striking ‘‘the total of fiscal 

2 years’’ and inserting ‘‘the total of all fiscal 

3 years covered by the resolution’’; and 

4 (5) in subsection (g)(1)(A), by striking ‘‘April’’ 

5 and inserting ‘‘May’’. 

6 (e) SECTION 303 POINT OF ORDER.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 303(a) of such Act 

8 (2 U.S.C. 634(a)) is amended by— 

9 (A) striking ‘‘for a fiscal year’’ and insert10 ing ‘‘for a biennium’’; 

11 (B) striking ‘‘the first fiscal year’’ and in12 serting ‘‘each fiscal year of the biennium’’; and 

13 (C) striking ‘‘that fiscal year’’ each place it 

14 appears and inserting ‘‘that biennium’’. 

15 (2) EXCEPTIONS IN THE HOUSE.—Section 

16 303(b)(1) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 634(b)(1)) is 

17 amended— 

18 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘the 

19 budget year’’ and inserting ‘‘the biennium’’; 

20 and 

21 (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘the 

22 fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘the biennium’’. 

23 (3) APPLICATION TO THE SENATE.—Section 

24 303(c)(1) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 634(c)(1)) is 

25 amended by— 


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1 (A) striking ‘‘fiscal year’’ and inserting 

2 ‘‘biennium’’; and 

3 (B) striking ‘‘that year’’ and inserting 

4 ‘‘each fiscal year of that biennium’’. 

5 (f) PERMISSIBLE REVISIONS OF CONCURRENT RESO6 LUTIONS ON THE BUDGET.—Section 304 of such Act (2 

7 U.S.C. 635) is amended— 

8 (1) by striking ‘‘fiscal year’’ the first two places 

9 it appears and inserting ‘‘biennium’’; 

10 (2) by striking ‘‘for such fiscal year’’ and in11 serting ‘‘for such biennium’’; and 

12 (3) by inserting ‘‘Any concurrent resolution 

13 that revises or reaffirms the most recently agreed to 

14 concurrent resolution on the budget shall be consid15 ered under the procedures set forth in section 305.’’ 

16 after ‘‘to.’’. 

17 (g) PROCEDURES FOR CONSIDERATION OF BUDGET

18 RESOLUTIONS.—Section 305 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 636) 

19 is amended— 

20 (1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ‘‘fiscal 

21 year’’ and inserting ‘‘biennium’’; and 

22 (2) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘fiscal 

23 year’’ and inserting ‘‘biennium’’. 


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1 (h) COMPLETION OF HOUSE ACTION ON APPROPRIA2 TION BILLS.—Section 307 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 638) is 

3 amended— 

4 (1) by striking ‘‘each year’’ and inserting ‘‘each 

5 odd-numbered year’’; 

6 (2) by striking ‘‘annual’’ and inserting ‘‘bien7 nial’’; 

8 (3) by striking ‘‘fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘bi9 ennium’’; and 

10 (4) by striking ‘‘that year’’ and inserting ‘‘that 

11 odd-numbered year’’. 

12 (i) COMPLETION OF ACTION ON REGULAR APPRO13 PRIATION BILLS.—Section 309 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 

14 640) is amended— 

15 (1) by inserting ‘‘of any odd-numbered year’’ 

16 after ‘‘July’’; 

17 (2) by striking ‘‘annual’’ and inserting ‘‘bien18 nial’’; 

19 (3) by striking ‘‘fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘bi20 ennium’’; and 

21 (4) by striking ‘‘such year’’ and inserting ‘‘such 

22 odd-numbered year’’. 

23 (j) RECONCILIATION PROCESS.—Section 310(a) of 

24 such Act (2 U.S.C. 641(a)) is amended— 


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1 (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 

2 striking ‘‘A concurrent’’ and all that follows through 

3 ‘‘shall’’ and inserting ‘‘A concurrent resolution on 

4 the budget for a biennium may, for each fiscal year 

5 of the biennium’’; and 

6 (2) in paragraph (1)— 

7 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘for 

8 such fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘for each fiscal 

9 year of the biennium’’; 

10 (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘such 

11 fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year of 

12 the biennium’’; and 

13 (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ‘‘such 

14 fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year of 

15 the biennium’’. 

16 (k) SECTION 311 POINT OF ORDER.— 

17 (1) IN THE HOUSE.—Section 311(a)(1) of such 

18 Act (2 U.S.C. 642(a)(1)) is amended— 

19 (A) by striking ‘‘for a fiscal year’’ and in20 serting ‘‘for a biennium’’; 

21 (B) by striking ‘‘the first fiscal year’’ each 

22 place it appears and inserting ‘‘either fiscal 

23 year of the biennium’’; and 

24 (C) by striking ‘‘that first fiscal year’’ and 

25 inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in the biennium’’. 


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1 (2) IN THE SENATE.—Section 311(a)(2) of 

2 such Act (2 U.S.C. 642(a)(2)) is amended— 

3 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘for 

4 the first fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘for either 

5 fiscal year of the biennium’’; and 

6 (B) in subparagraph (B)— 

7 (i) by striking ‘‘that first fiscal year’’ 

8 the first place it appears and inserting ‘‘ei9 ther fiscal year in the biennium’’; and 

10 (ii) by striking ‘‘that first fiscal year 

11 and the ensuing fiscal years’’ and inserting 

12 ‘‘all fiscal years’’. 

13 (3) SOCIAL SECURITY LEVELS.—Section 

14 311(a)(3) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 642(a)(3)) is 

15 amended by— 

16 (A) striking ‘‘for the first fiscal year’’ and 

17 inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in the biennium’’; 

18 and 

19 (B) striking ‘‘that fiscal year and the ensu20 ing fiscal years’’ and inserting ‘‘all fiscal 

21 years’’. 

22 (l) MDA POINT OF ORDER.—Section 312(c) of such 

23 Act (2 U.S.C. 643(c)) is amended— 

24 (1) by striking ‘‘for a fiscal year’’ and inserting 

25 ‘‘for a biennium’’; 


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1 (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘the first fis2 cal year’’ and inserting ‘‘either fiscal year in the bi3 ennium’’; 

4 (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘that fiscal 

5 year’’ and inserting ‘‘either fiscal year in the bien6 nium’’; and 

7 (4) in the matter following paragraph (2), by 

8 striking ‘‘that fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘the appli9 cable fiscal year’’. 

10 SEC. 4. AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 31, UNITED STATES CODE. 

11 (a) DEFINITION.—Section 1101 of title 31, United 

12 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol13 lowing: 

14 ‘‘(3) ‘biennium’ has the meaning given that 

15 term in paragraph (12) of section 3 of the Congres16 sional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 

17 1974 (2 U.S.C. 622).’’. 

18 (b) BUDGET CONTENTS AND SUBMISSION TO THE

19 CONGRESS.— 

20 (1) SCHEDULE.—The matter preceding para21 graph (1) in section 1105(a) of title 31, United 

22 States Code, is amended to read as follows: 

23 ‘‘(a) On or before the first Monday in February of 

24 each odd-numbered year (or, if applicable, as provided by 

25 section 300(b) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974), 


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1 beginning with the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress, 

2 the President shall transmit to the Congress, the budget 

3 for the biennium beginning on October 1 of such calendar 

4 year. The budget of the United States Government trans5 mitted under this subsection shall include a budget mes6 sage and summary and supporting information. The 

7 President shall include in each budget the following:’’. 

8 (2) EXPENDITURES.—Section 1105(a)(5) of 

9 title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking 

10 ‘‘the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted 

11 and the 4 fiscal years after that year’’ and inserting 

12 ‘‘each fiscal year in the biennium for which the 

13 budget is submitted and in the succeeding 4 fiscal 

14 years’’. 

15 (3) RECEIPTS.—Section 1105(a)(6) of title 31, 

16 United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘the fis17 cal year for which the budget is submitted and the 

18 4 fiscal years after that year’’ and inserting ‘‘each 

19 fiscal year in the biennium for which the budget is 

20 submitted and in the succeeding 4 years’’. 

21 (4) BALANCE STATEMENTS.—Section 

22 1105(a)(9)(C) of title 31, United States Code, is 

23 amended by striking ‘‘the fiscal year’’ and inserting 

24 ‘‘each fiscal year in the biennium’’. 


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1 (5) FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES.—Section 

2 1105(a)(12) of title 31, United States Code, is 

3 amended— 

4 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘the 

5 fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in 

6 the biennium’’; and 

7 (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

8 ‘‘after that year’’ and inserting ‘‘after that bi9 ennium’’. 

10 (6) ALLOWANCES.—Section 1105(a)(13) of title 

11 31, United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘the 

12 fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in the bi13 ennium’’. 

14 (7) ALLOWANCES FOR UNCONTROLLED EX15 PENDITURES.—Section 1105(a)(14) of title 31, 

16 United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘that 

17 year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in the bien18 nium for which the budget is submitted’’. 

19 (8) TAX EXPENDITURES.—Section 1105(a)(16) 

20 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by strik21 ing ‘‘the fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year 

22 in the biennium’’. 

23 (9) FUTURE YEARS.—Section 1105(a)(17) of 

24 title 31, United States Code, is amended— 


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1 (A) by striking ‘‘the fiscal year following 

2 the fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year 

3 in the biennium following the biennium’’; 

4 (B) by striking ‘‘that following fiscal year’’ 

5 and inserting ‘‘each such fiscal year’’; and 

6 (C) by striking ‘‘fiscal year before the fis7 cal year’’ and inserting ‘‘biennium before the bi8 ennium’’. 

9 (10) PRIOR YEAR OUTLAYS.—Section 

10 1105(a)(18) of title 31, United States Code, is 

11 amended— 

12 (A) by striking ‘‘the prior fiscal year’’ and 

13 inserting ‘‘each of the two most recently com14 pleted fiscal years,’’; 

15 (B) by striking ‘‘for that year’’ and insert16 ing ‘‘with respect to those fiscal years’’; and 

17 (C) by striking ‘‘in that year’’ and insert18 ing ‘‘in those fiscal years’’. 

19 (11) PRIOR YEAR RECEIPTS.—Section 

20 1105(a)(19) of title 31, United States Code, is 

21 amended— 

22 (A) by striking ‘‘the prior fiscal year’’ and 

23 inserting ‘‘each of the two most recently com24 pleted fiscal years’’; 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘for that year’’ and insert2 ing ‘‘with respect to those fiscal years’’; and 

3 (C) by striking ‘‘in that year’’ each place 

4 it appears and inserting ‘‘in those fiscal years’’. 

5 (12) HOMELAND SECURITY.—Section 

6 1105(a)(35)(A)(i) of title 31, United States Code, is 

7 amended in the matter preceding subclause (I), by 

8 striking ‘‘the fiscal years for which the budget is 

9 submitted’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in the bi10 ennium for which the budget is submitted’’. 

11 (13) EESA.—Section 1105(a)(36) of title 31, 

12 United States Code, is amended in the matter pre13 ceding subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘the fiscal year 

14 for which the budget is submitted’’ and inserting 

15 ‘‘each fiscal year in the biennium for which the 

16 budget is submitted’’. 

17 (14) VETERANS HEALTH.—Section 1105(a)(37) 

18 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by strik19 ing ‘‘the fiscal year for which the budget is sub20 mitted’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in the bien21 nium for which the budget is submitted’’. 

22 (c) ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES OF LEGISLATIVE

23 AND JUDICIAL BRANCHES.—Section 1105(b) of title 31, 

24 United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘each year’’ 

25 and inserting ‘‘each even-numbered year’’. 


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1 (d) RECOMMENDATIONS TO MEET ESTIMATED DE2 FICIENCIES.—Section 1105(c) of title 31, United States 

3 Code, is amended— 

4 (1) by striking ‘‘the fiscal year for’’ the first 

5 place it appears and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in 

6 the biennium for’’; 

7 (2) by striking ‘‘the fiscal year for’’ the second 

8 place it appears and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year of 

9 the biennium, as the case may be, for’’; and 

10 (3) by striking ‘‘for that year’’ and inserting 

11 ‘‘for each fiscal year of the biennium’’. 

12 (e) CAPITAL INVESTMENT ANALYSIS.—Section 

13 1105(e)(1) of title 31, United States Code, is amended 

14 by striking ‘‘ensuing fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘biennium 

15 to which such budget relates’’. 

16 (f) PREPARATION OF BUDGET.—Section 1105(f) of 

17 title 31, United States Code, is amended— 

18 (1) by striking ‘‘for a fiscal year’’ and inserting 

19 ‘‘for a biennium’’; and 

20 (2) by striking ‘‘that and subsequent’’ and in21 serting ‘‘each fiscal year in such biennium and sub22 sequent’’. 

23 (g) BUDGET JUSTIFICATIONS.— 

24 (1) TITLE 31.—Section 1105(i)(1) of title 31, 

25 United States Code, is amended, in the matter preVerDate Sep 11 2014 19:52 Nov 11, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3208.IS S3208

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1 ceding subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘for each fiscal 

2 year’’ and inserting ‘‘for each biennium’’. 

3 (2) FFATA.—Section 3(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Fed4 eral Funding Accountability and Transparency Act 

5 of 2006 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note) is amended by strik6 ing ‘‘annual’’ and inserting ‘‘biennial’’. 

7 (h) SUPPLEMENTAL BUDGET ESTIMATES AND

8 CHANGES.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1106(a) of title 31, 

10 United States Code, is amended— 

11 (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 

12 by— 

13 (i) inserting after ‘‘Before July 16 of 

14 each year’’ the following: ‘‘and February 

15 15 of each even-numbered year’’; and 

16 (ii) striking ‘‘fiscal year’’ and insert17 ing ‘‘biennium’’; 

18 (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘that fis19 cal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year in 

20 such biennium’’; 

21 (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘fiscal 

22 year’’ and inserting ‘‘biennium’’; and 

23 (D) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘fiscal 

24 year’’ and inserting ‘‘biennium’’. 


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1 (2) CHANGES.—Section 1106(b) of title 31, 

2 United States Code, is amended by— 

3 (A) inserting after ‘‘Before July 16 of each 

4 year’’ the following: ‘‘and February 15 of each 

5 even-numbered year’’; 

6 (B) striking ‘‘the fiscal year’’ and inserting 

7 ‘‘each fiscal year in the biennium’’; and 

8 (C) striking ‘‘submitted before July 16’’ 

9 and inserting ‘‘required by this subsection’’. 

10 (i) CURRENT PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES ESTI11 MATES.— 

12 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1109(a) of title 31, 

13 United States Code, is amended— 

14 (A) by striking ‘‘On or before the first 

15 Monday after January 3 of each year (on or be16 fore February 5 in 1986)’’ and inserting ‘‘At 

17 the same time the budget required by section 

18 1105 is submitted for a biennium’’; and 

19 (B) by striking ‘‘the following fiscal year’’ 

20 and inserting ‘‘each fiscal year of such bien21 nium’’. 

22 (2) JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE.—Section 

23 1109(b) of title 31, United States Code, is amended 

24 by striking ‘‘before March 1 of each year’’ and in25 serting ‘‘within 6 weeks of the President’s budget 


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1 submission for each odd-numbered year (or, if appli2 cable, as provided by section 300(b) of the Congres3 sional Budget Act of 1974)’’. 

4 (j) YEAR-AHEAD REQUESTS FOR AUTHORIZING LEG5 ISLATION.—Section 1110 of title 31, United States Code, 

6 is amended by— 

7 (1) striking ‘‘May 16’’ and inserting ‘‘March 

8 31’’; and 

9 (2) striking ‘‘year before the year in which the 

10 fiscal year begins’’ and inserting ‘‘calendar year pre11 ceding the calendar year in which the biennium be12 gins’’. 

13 SEC. 5. TWO-YEAR APPROPRIATIONS; TITLE AND STYLE OF 

14 APPROPRIATIONS ACTS. 

15 Section 105 of title 1, United States Code, is amend16 ed to read as follows: 

17 ‘‘§ 105. Title and style of appropriations Acts 

18 ‘‘(a) The style and title of all Acts making appropria19 tions for the support of the Government shall be as fol20 lows: ‘An Act making appropriations (here insert the ob21 ject) for each fiscal year in the biennium of fiscal years 

22 (here insert the fiscal years of the biennium).’. 

23 ‘‘(b) All Acts making regular appropriations for the 

24 support of the Government shall be enacted for a biennium 


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1 and shall specify the amount of appropriations provided 

2 for each fiscal year in such period. 

3 ‘‘(c) For purposes of this section, the term ‘biennium’ 

4 has the same meaning as in section 3(12) of the Congres5 sional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 

6 U.S.C. 622(12)).’’. 

7 SEC. 6. MULTIYEAR AUTHORIZATIONS. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Congressional 

9 Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 631 et seq.) is amended 

10 by adding at the end the following: 

11 ‘‘AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS

12 ‘‘SEC. 316. (a) POINT OF ORDER.—It shall not be 

13 in order in the House of Representatives or the Senate 

14 to consider— 

15 ‘‘(1) any bill, joint resolution, amendment, mo16 tion, amendment between the Houses, or conference 

17 report that authorizes appropriations for a period of 

18 less than 2 fiscal years, unless the program, project, 

19 or activity for which the appropriations are author20 ized will require no further appropriations and will 

21 be completed or terminated after the appropriations 

22 have been expended; and 

23 ‘‘(2) in any odd-numbered year, any authoriza24 tion or revenue bill or joint resolution until Congress 

25 completes action on the biennial budget resolution, 


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1 all regular biennial appropriations bills, and all rec2 onciliation bills. 

3 ‘‘(b) APPLICABILITY.—In the Senate, subsection (a) 

4 shall not apply to— 

5 ‘‘(1) any measure that is privileged for consid6 eration pursuant to a rule or statute; 

7 ‘‘(2) any matter considered in Executive Ses8 sion; or 

9 ‘‘(3) an appropriations measure or reconcili10 ation bill.’’. 

11 (b) AMENDMENT TO TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The 

12 table of contents in section 1(b) of the Congressional 

13 Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 is amend14 ed by inserting after the item relating to section 315 the 

15 following: 

‘‘Sec. 316. Authorizations of appropriations.’’. 

16 SEC. 7. GOVERNMENT PLANS ON A BIENNIAL BASIS. 

17 (a) MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND FLEXI18 BILITY.—Section 9703 of title 31, United States Code, re19 lating to managerial accountability, is amended— 

20 (1) in subsection (a)— 

21 (A) in the first sentence by striking ‘‘an22 nual’’; and 

23 (B) by striking ‘‘section 1105(a)(29)’’ and 

24 inserting ‘‘section 1105(a)(28)’’; and 

25 (2) in subsection (e)— 


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1 (A) in the first sentence by striking ‘‘one 

2 or’’; 

3 (B) in the second sentence by striking ‘‘a 

4 subsequent year’’ and inserting ‘‘a subsequent 

5 2-year period’’; and 

6 (C) in the third sentence by striking 

7 ‘‘three’’ and inserting ‘‘4’’. 

8 (b) PILOT PROJECTS FOR PERFORMANCE BUDG9 ETING.—Section 1119 of title 31, United States Code, is 

10 amended— 

11 (1) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ‘‘annual’’ 

12 and inserting ‘‘biennial’’; and 

13 (2) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘annual’’ and 

14 inserting ‘‘biennial’’. 

15 (c) STRATEGIC PLANS.—Section 2802 of title 39, 

16 United States Code, is amended— 

17 (1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘September 

18 30, 1997’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 2025’’; 

19 (2) in subsection (b)— 

20 (A) by striking ‘‘five years forward’’ and 

21 inserting ‘‘6 years forward’’; and 

22 (B) by striking ‘‘at least every three years’’ 

23 and inserting ‘‘at least every 4 years’’; and 

24 (3) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘section’’ the 

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1 cluding a strategic plan submitted by September 30, 

2 2025, meeting the requirements of subsection (a)’’. 

3 (d) PERFORMANCE PLANS.—Section 2803(a) of title 

4 39, United States Code, is amended— 

5 (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 

6 striking ‘‘an annual’’ and inserting ‘‘a biennial’’; 

7 (2) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘for each fis8 cal year during the biennial period’’ after ‘‘program 

9 activity’’; 

10 (3) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ after 

11 the semicolon; 

12 (4) in paragraph (6), by striking the period and 

13 inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

14 (5) by adding after paragraph (6) the following: 

15 ‘‘(7) cover a 2-year period beginning with the 

16 first fiscal year of the next biennial budget cycle.’’. 

17 (e) COMMITTEE VIEWS OF PLANS AND REPORTS.— 

18 Section 301(d) of the Congressional Budget Act (2 U.S.C. 

19 632(d)) is amended by adding at the end ‘‘Each committee 

20 of the Senate or the House of Representatives shall review 

21 the strategic plans, performance plans, and performance 

22 reports, required under section 306 of title 5, United 

23 States Code, and sections 1115 and 1116 of title 31, 

24 United States Code, of all agencies under the jurisdiction 

25 of the committee. Each committee may provide its views 


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1 on such plans or reports to the Committee on the Budget 

2 of the applicable House.’’. 

3 (f) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 

4 (1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by 

5 this section shall take effect on March 1, 2025. 

6 (2) AGENCY ACTIONS.—Effective on and after 

7 the date of enactment of this Act, each agency shall 

8 take such actions as necessary to prepare and sub9 mit any plan or report in accordance with the 

10 amendments made by this Act. 

11 SEC. 8. BIENNIAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Congressional 

13 Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 631 et seq.), as amended 

14 by section 6(a), is amended by adding at the end the fol15 lowing: 

16 ‘‘CONSIDERATION OF BIENNIAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS

17 ‘‘SEC. 317. It shall not be in order in the House of 

18 Representatives or the Senate in any odd-numbered year 

19 to consider any regular bill providing new budget authority 

20 or a limitation on obligations under the jurisdiction of any 

21 of the subcommittees of the Committees on Appropria22 tions for only the first fiscal year of a biennium, unless 

23 the program, project, or activity for which the new budget 

24 authority or obligation limitation is provided will require 

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1 pleted or terminated after the amount provided has been 

2 expended.’’. 

3 (b) AMENDMENT TO TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The 

4 table of contents in section 1(b) of the Congressional 

5 Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 is amend6 ed by inserting after the item relating to section 316, as 

7 added by section 6(b) the following: 

‘‘Sec. 317. Consideration of biennial appropriations bills.’’. 

8 SEC. 9. REPORT ON TWO-YEAR FISCAL PERIOD. 

9 Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 

10 of this Act, the Director of the Office of Management and 

11 Budget shall— 

12 (1) determine the impact and feasibility of 

13 changing the definition of a fiscal year and the 

14 budget process based on that definition to a 2-year 

15 fiscal period with a biennial budget process based on 

16 the 2-year period; and 

17 (2) report the findings of the study to the Com18 mittee on the Budget of the House of Representa19 tives and the Committee on the Budget of the Sen20 ate. 

21 SEC. 10. EFFECTIVE DATE. 

22 Except as provided in sections 7 and 9, this Act and 

23 the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on Jan24 uary 1, 2025, and shall apply to budget resolutions and 


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1 appropriations for the biennium beginning with fiscal year 

2 2026. 

Æ 


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