Scudder/DeAM Funds

       Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer Code of Ethics

               For the Registered Management Investment Companies

                              Listed on Appendix A

































                                                                  Effective Date
                                                              [January 31, 2005]





Table of Contents
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                                                    Page Number

<S>         <C>                                                                          <C>
   I.       Overview.....................................................................3


   II.      Purposes of the Officer Code.................................................3


   III.     Responsibilities of Covered Officers.........................................4

      A.    Honest and Ethical Conduct...................................................4
      B.    Conflicts of Interest........................................................4
      C.    Use of Personal Fund Shareholder Information.................................6
      D.    Public Communications........................................................6
      E.    Compliance with Applicable Laws, Rules and Regulations.......................6

   IV.      Violation Reporting..........................................................7

      A.    Overview.....................................................................7
      B.    How to Report................................................................7
      C.    Process for Violation Reporting to the Fund Board............................7
      D.    Sanctions for Code Violations................................................7

   V.       Waivers from the Officer Code................................................7


   VI.      Amendments to the Code.......................................................8


   VII.     Acknowledgement and Certification of Adherence to the Officer Code...........8


   IX.      Recordkeeping................................................................8


   X.       Confidentiality..............................................................9


   Appendices...........................................................................10

      Appendix A:.......................................................................10
      List of Officers Covered under the Code, by Board:................................10
      DeAM Compliance Officer:..........................................................10
      Name: Joseph Yuen.................................................................10
      As of:      July 19, 2006Appendix B: Acknowledgement and Certification............10
      Appendix B: Acknowledgement and Certification.....................................11
      Appendix C:  Definitions..........................................................13

</TABLE>


                                       2
<PAGE>



I.       Overview

         This Principal  Executive Officer and Principal  Financial Officer Code
         of Ethics  ("Officer  Code") sets forth the  policies,  practices,  and
         values  expected  to be  exhibited  in the  conduct  of  the  Principal
         Executive  Officers and Principal  Financial Officers of the investment
         companies ("Funds") they serve ("Covered Officers").  A list of Covered
         Officers and Funds is included on Appendix A.

         The Boards of the Funds  listed on Appendix A have elected to implement
         the Officer Code,  pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
         2002 and the SEC's rules thereunder,  to promote and demonstrate honest
         and ethical conduct in their Covered Officers.

         Deutsche Asset  Management,  Inc. or its affiliates  ("DeAM") serves as
         the  investment  adviser to each Fund.  All Covered  Officers  are also
         employees of DeAM or an affiliate. Thus, in addition to adhering to the
         Officer  Code,  these  individuals  must comply with DeAM  policies and
         procedures,  such as the DeAM Code of Ethics governing personal trading
         activities,  as adopted  pursuant  to Rule 17j-1  under the  Investment
         Company Act of 1940.(1) In addition,  such individuals also must comply
         with other applicable Fund policies and procedures.

         The DeAM Compliance Officer, who shall not be a Covered Officer and who
         shall serve as such  subject to the  approval  of the Fund's  Board (or
         committee  thereof),  is primarily  responsible  for  implementing  and
         enforcing  this Code.  The  Compliance  Officer  has the  authority  to
         interpret  this  Officer  Code  and  its  applicability  to  particular
         circumstances.  Any questions about the Officer Code should be directed
         to the DeAM Compliance Officer.

         The DeAM Compliance  Officer and his or her contact  information can be
         found in Appendix A.

II.      Purposes of the Officer Code

         The purposes of the Officer Code are to deter wrongdoing and to:

         o        promote  honest and ethical  conduct among  Covered  Officers,
                  including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts
                  of interest between personal and professional relationships;

         o        promote  full,  fair,  accurate,   timely  and  understandable
                  disclosures  in reports and documents that the Funds file with
                  or submit to the SEC (and in other public  communications from
                  the  Funds)  and  that  are  within  the   Covered   Officer's
                  responsibilities;

         o        promote   compliance   with   applicable   laws,   rules   and
                  regulations;

         o        encourage the prompt  internal  reporting of violations of the
                  Officer Code to the DeAM Compliance Officer; and

         o        establish accountability for adherence to the Officer Code.

         Any  questions  about the  Officer  Code  should be  referred to DeAM's
         Compliance Officer.

--------

(1) The  obligations  imposed by the  Officer  Code are  separate  from,  and in
addition to, any obligations  imposed under codes of ethics adopted  pursuant to
Rule  17j-1  under the  Investment  Company  Act of 1940,  and any other code of
conduct  applicable to Covered  Officers in whatever  capacity  they serve.  The
Officer  Code does not  incorporate  any of those other codes and,  accordingly,
violations of those codes will not  necessarily be considered  violations of the
Officer Code and waivers granted under those codes would not necessarily require
a waiver to be granted under this Code.  Sanctions imposed under those codes may
be considered  in  determining  appropriate  sanctions for any violation of this
Code.


                                       3
<PAGE>

III.     Responsibilities of Covered Officers

         A.       Honest and Ethical Conduct

         It is the duty of every Covered  Officer to encourage  and  demonstrate
         honest and ethical conduct,  as well as adhere to and require adherence
         to the Officer Code and any other  applicable  policies and  procedures
         designed to promote this behavior.  Covered  Officers must at all times
         conduct  themselves with integrity and  distinction,  putting first the
         interests of the Fund(s) they serve.  Covered  Officers  must be honest
         and candid  while  maintaining  confidentiality  of  information  where
         required by law, DeAM policy or Fund policy.

         Covered   Officers  also  must,  at  all  times,  act  in  good  faith,
         responsibly  and with  due  care,  competence  and  diligence,  without
         misrepresenting  or being  misleading  about material facts or allowing
         their  independent  judgment to be subordinated.  Covered Officers also
         should maintain skills appropriate and necessary for the performance of
         their duties for the Fund(s).  Covered  Officers also must  responsibly
         use and control all Fund assets and resources entrusted to them.

         Covered  Officers may not  retaliate  against  others for, or otherwise
         discourage  the  reporting  of,  actual or apparent  violations  of the
         Officer Code or applicable laws or regulations. Covered Officers should
         create an  environment  that  encourages  the exchange of  information,
         including concerns of the type that this Code is designed to address.

         B.       Conflicts of Interest

         A  "conflict  of  interest"  occurs when a Covered  Officer's  personal
         interests  interfere with the interests of the Fund for which he or she
         serves as an officer.  Covered  Officers may not  improperly  use their
         position with a Fund for personal or private gain to themselves,  their
         family,  or any other person.  Similarly,  Covered Officers may not use
         their  personal  influence  or  personal   relationships  to  influence
         decisions  or other Fund  business or  operational  matters  where they
         would  benefit  personally  at the  Fund's  expense  or to  the  Fund's
         detriment.  Covered Officers may not cause the Fund to take action,  or
         refrain from taking action,  for their  personal  benefit at the Fund's
         expense or to the Fund's  detriment.  Some  examples  of  conflicts  of
         interest  follow  (this  is not an  all-inclusive  list):  being in the
         position of  supervising,  reviewing or having any influence on the job
         evaluation,  pay or benefit of any  immediate  family  member who is an
         employee of a Fund service provider or is otherwise associated with the
         Fund; or having an ownership  interest in, or having any  consulting or
         employment relationship with, any Fund service provider other than DeAM
         or its affiliates.

         Certain  conflicts  of  interest  covered by this Code arise out of the
         relationships  between  Covered  Officers and the Fund that already are
         subject to conflict of interest  provisions in the  Investment  Company
         Act and the Investment Advisers Act. For example,  Covered Officers may
         not individually  engage in certain  transactions (such as the purchase
         or sale of securities or other property) with the Fund because of their
         status as  "affiliated  persons"  of the Fund.  Covered  Officers  must
         comply with applicable laws and regulations.  Therefore, any violations
         of  existing  statutory  and  regulatory   prohibitions  on  individual
         behavior could be considered a violation of this Code.

         As  to  conflicts  arising  from,  or  as  a  result  of  the  advisory
         relationship (or any other relationships) between the Fund and DeAM, of
         which the  Covered  Officers  are also  officers  or  employees,  it is
         recognized by the Board that, subject to DeAM's fiduciary duties to the
         Fund,  the Covered  Officers  will in the normal course of their duties
         (whether formally for the Fund or for DeAM, or for both) be involved in
         establishing  policies  and  implementing  decisions  which  will  have
         different  effects on


                                       4
<PAGE>

         DeAM and the Fund. The Board  recognizes that the  participation of the
         Covered  Officers  in  such  activities  is  inherent  in the  contract
         relationship  between  the Fund and DeAM,  and is  consistent  with the
         expectation of the Board of the performance by the Covered  Officers of
         their duties as officers of the Fund.

         Covered  Officers  should  avoid  actual  conflicts  of  interest,  and
         appearances  of conflicts of  interest,  between the Covered  Officer's
         duties  to the  Fund and his or her  personal  interests  beyond  those
         contemplated  or anticipated  by applicable  regulatory  schemes.  If a
         Covered  Officer  suspects or knows of a conflict or an  appearance  of
         one, the Covered Officer must immediately report the matter to the DeAM
         Compliance  Officer.  If a Covered Officer, in lieu of reporting such a
         matter to the DeAM Compliance  Officer,  may report the matter directly
         to the Fund's Board (or committee  thereof),  as appropriate  (e.g., if
         the  conflict  involves  the DeAM  Compliance  Officer  or the  Covered
         Officer reasonably  believes it would be futile to report the matter to
         the DeAM Compliance Officer).

         When  actual,  apparent or  suspected  conflicts  of interest  arise in
         connection with a Covered  Officer,  DeAM personnel aware of the matter
         should promptly contact the DeAM Compliance  Officer.  There will be no
         reprisal or retaliation against the person reporting the matter.

         Upon receipt of a report of a possible  conflict,  the DeAM  Compliance
         Officer will take steps to determine  whether a conflict exists.  In so
         doing,  the DeAM  Compliance  Officer  may take any  actions  he or she
         determines to be appropriate in his or her sole  discretion and may use
         all  reasonable  resources,   including  retaining  or  engaging  legal
         counsel,  accounting firms or other consultants,  subject to applicable
         law.(2)  The costs  associated  with such  actions  may be borne by the
         Fund,  if  appropriate,  after  consultation  with the Fund's Board (or
         committee  thereof).  Otherwise,  such  costs  will be borne by DeAM or
         other appropriate Fund service provider.

         After full review of a report of a possible  conflict of interest,  the
         DeAM  Compliance  Officer may determine  that no conflict or reasonable
         appearance  of a conflict  exists.  If,  however,  the DeAM  Compliance
         Officer  determines  that an actual  conflict  exists,  the  Compliance
         Officer will resolve the conflict  solely in the interests of the Fund,
         and will report the conflict and its resolution to the Fund's Board (or
         committee thereof).  If the DeAM Compliance Officer determines that the
         appearance of a conflict exists,  the DeAM Compliance Officer will take
         appropriate  steps to remedy such  appearance.  In lieu of  determining
         whether  a  conflict  exists  and/or  resolving  a  conflict,  the DeAM
         Compliance Officer instead may refer the matter to the Fund's Board (or
         committee  thereof),  as  appropriate.  However,  the  DeAM  Compliance
         Officer  must  refer the  matter  to the  Fund's  Board  (or  committee
         thereof) if the DeAM  Compliance  Officer is  directly  involved in the
         conflict or under similar appropriate circumstances.

         After  responding to a report of a possible  conflict of interest,  the
         DeAM  Compliance  Officer  will  discuss  the  matter  with the  person
         reporting it (and with the Covered  Officer at issue, if different) for
         purposes  of  educating   those  involved  on  conflicts  of  interests
         (including how to detect and avoid them, if appropriate).

         Appropriate   resolution   of  conflicts   may  restrict  the  personal
         activities of the Covered  Officer and/or his family,  friends or other
         persons.

         Solely because a conflict is disclosed to the DeAM  Compliance  Officer
         (and/or the Board or  Committee  thereof)  and/or  resolved by the DeAM
         Compliance  Officer does not mean that the  conflict or its  resolution
         constitutes a waiver from the Code's requirements.


--------

(2) For  example,  retaining a Fund's  independent  accounting  firm may require
pre-approval by the Fund's audit committee.


                                       5
<PAGE>

         Any  questions  about  conflicts  of  interests,  including  whether  a
         particular  situation  might be a  conflict  or an  appearance  of one,
         should be directed to the DeAM Compliance Officer.

         C.       Use of Personal Fund Shareholder Information

         A Covered Officer may not use or disclose  personal  information  about
         Fund  shareholders,  except in the performance of his or her duties for
         the Fund. Each Covered Officer also must abide by the Funds' and DeAM's
         privacy policies under SEC Regulation S-P.

         D.       Public Communications

         In connection with his or her  responsibilities for or involvement with
         a  Fund's  public   communications  and  disclosure   documents  (e.g.,
         shareholder reports,  registration  statements,  press releases),  each
         Covered  Officer must  provide  information  to Fund service  providers
         (within the DeAM  organization  or  otherwise)  and to the Fund's Board
         (and  any  committees  thereof),   independent   auditors,   government
         regulators and  self-regulatory  organizations that is fair,  accurate,
         complete, objective, relevant, timely and understandable.

         Further,  within the scope of their  duties,  Covered  Officers  having
         direct or supervisory authority over Fund disclosure documents or other
         public Fund communications will, to the extent appropriate within their
         area of responsibility, endeavor to ensure full, fair, timely, accurate
         and  understandable  disclosure  in  Fund  disclosure  documents.  Such
         Covered Officers will oversee, or appoint others to oversee,  processes
         for the timely and accurate  creation and review of all public  reports
         and regulatory filings. Within the scope of his or her responsibilities
         as a Covered  Officer,  each  Covered  Officer  also  will  familiarize
         himself or herself with the disclosure  requirements  applicable to the
         Fund,  as well as the business and  financial  operations  of the Fund.
         Each Covered  Officer  also will adhere to, and will promote  adherence
         to, applicable disclosure controls, processes and procedures, including
         DeAM's Disclosure Controls and Procedures,  which govern the process by
         which Fund disclosure documents are created and reviewed.

         To the extent that Covered  Officers  participate  in the creation of a
         Fund's  books or records,  they must do so in a way that  promotes  the
         accuracy, fairness and timeliness of those records.

         E.       Compliance with Applicable Laws, Rules and Regulations

         In connection with his or her duties and within the scope of his or her
         responsibilities as a Covered Officer, each Covered Officer must comply
         with governmental  laws, rules and regulations,  accounting  standards,
         and  Fund   policies/procedures   that   apply  to  his  or  her  role,
         responsibilities  and duties  with  respect  to the Funds  ("Applicable
         Laws").  These  requirements  do not  impose on  Covered  Officers  any
         additional  substantive duties.  Additionally,  Covered Officers should
         promote compliance with Applicable Laws.

         If a Covered  Officer  knows of any material  violations  of Applicable
         Laws or suspects that such a violation may have  occurred,  the Covered
         Officer  is  expected  to  promptly  report  the  matter  to  the  DeAM
         Compliance Officer.



                                       6
<PAGE>

IV.      Violation Reporting

         A.       Overview

         Each  Covered  Officer  must  promptly  report  to the DeAM  Compliance
         Officer,   and  promote  the  reporting  of,  any  known  or  suspected
         violations of the Officer Code.  Failure to report a violation may be a
         violation of the Officer Code.

         Examples of violations of the Officer Code include, but are not limited
         to, the following:

         o        Unethical or dishonest behavior

         o        Obvious lack of adherence to policies  surrounding  review and
                  approval of public  communications  and  regulatory  filings

         o        Failure to report violations of the Officer Code

         o        Known or obvious  deviations from Applicable Laws

         o        Failure to  acknowledge  and certify  adherence to the Officer
                  Code

         The  DeAM  Compliance  Officer  has the  authority  to take any and all
         action he or she considers appropriate in his or her sole discretion to
         investigate  known or suspected Code violations,  including  consulting
         with  the  Fund's  Board,  the  independent  Board  members,   a  Board
         committee,  the Fund's legal counsel and/or counsel to the  independent
         Board members. The Compliance Officer also has the authority to use all
         reasonable resources to investigate violations,  including retaining or
         engaging legal counsel, accounting firms or other consultants,  subject
         to  applicable  law.(3) The costs  associated  with such actions may be
         borne by the Fund, if appropriate,  after  consultation with the Fund's
         Board (or committee  thereof).  Otherwise,  such costs will be borne by
         DeAM.


         B.       How to Report

         Any known or suspected  violations of the Officer Code must be promptly
         reported to the DeAM Compliance Officer.

         C.       Process for Violation Reporting to the Fund Board

         The DeAM Compliance  Officer will promptly report any violations of the
         Code to the Fund's Board (or committee thereof).

         D.       Sanctions for Code Violations

         Violations of the Code will be taken seriously. In response to reported
         or otherwise known  violations,  DeAM and the relevant Fund's Board may
         impose sanctions  within the scope of their  respective  authority over
         the Covered Officer at issue.  Sanctions  imposed by DeAM could include
         termination  of employment.  Sanctions  imposed by a Fund's Board could
         include termination of association with the Fund.

         V.       Waivers from the Officer Code

         A  Covered  Officer  may  request  a waiver  from the  Officer  Code by
         transmitting  a written  request  for a waiver  to the DeAM  Compliance
         Officer.(4)  The request must include the rationale for the request and
         must explain how the waiver would be in furtherance of the standards of
         conduct  described in and underlying  purposes of the Officer Code. The
         DeAM  Compliance  Officer will present this  information


--------

(3) For  example,  retaining a Fund's  independent  accounting  firm may require
pre-approval by the Fund's audit committee.

(4) Of course,  it is not a waiver of the Officer  Code if the Fund's  Board (or
committee thereof)  determines that a matter is not a deviation from the Officer
Code's requirements or is otherwise not covered by the Code.


                                       7
<PAGE>

         to the Fund's Board (or committee  thereof).  The Board (or  committee)
         will determine  whether to grant the requested waiver. If the Board (or
         committee)  grants the requested  waiver,  the DeAM Compliance  Officer
         thereafter  will  monitor  the  activities  subject to the  waiver,  as
         appropriate, and will promptly report to the Fund's Board (or committee
         thereof) regarding such activities, as appropriate.

         The DeAM Compliance Officer will coordinate and facilitate any required
         public disclosures of any waivers granted or any implicit waivers.

VI.      Amendments to the Code

         The DeAM  Compliance  Officer will review the Officer Code from time to
         time for its continued  appropriateness and will propose any amendments
         to the  Fund's  Board (or  committee  thereof)  on a timely  basis.  In
         addition, the Board (or committee thereof) will review the Officer Code
         at least annually for its continued  appropriateness  and may amend the
         Code as necessary or appropriate.

         The DeAM Compliance Officer will coordinate and facilitate any required
         public disclosures of Code amendments.

VII.     Acknowledgement and Certification of Adherence to the Officer Code

         Each  Covered  Officer  must sign a  statement  upon  appointment  as a
         Covered Officer and annually  thereafter  acknowledging  that he or she
         has  received  and read the Officer  Code,  as amended or updated,  and
         confirming  that  he or she has  complied  with  it  (see  Appendix  B:
         Acknowledgement  and  Certification  of  Obligations  Under the Officer
         Code).

         Understanding  and  complying  with the  Officer  Code  and  truthfully
         completing the  Acknowledgement  and Certification Form is each Covered
         Officer's obligation.

         The DeAM Compliance Officer will maintain such  Acknowledgements in the
         Fund's books and records.

VIII.    Scope of Responsibilities

         A Covered Officer's responsibilities under the Officer Code are limited
         to:

         (1)      Fund matters over which the Officer has direct  responsibility
                  or   control,   matters   in  which  the   Officer   routinely
                  participates,  and matters with which the Officer is otherwise
                  involved  (i.e.,  matters  within  the  scope  of the  Covered
                  Officer's  responsibilities  as a Fund officer);  and

         (2)      Fund matters of which the Officer has actual knowledge.


IX.      Recordkeeping

         The DeAM  Compliance  Officer  will  create  and  maintain  appropriate
         records regarding the implementation and operation of the Officer Code,
         including records relating to conflicts of interest  determinations and
         investigations of possible Code violations.



                                       8
<PAGE>

X.       Confidentiality

         All reports and records prepared or maintained pursuant to this Officer
         Code  shall be  considered  confidential  and shall be  maintained  and
         protected  accordingly.  Except as  otherwise  required  by law or this
         Officer Code,  such matters shall not be disclosed to anyone other than
         the DeAM Compliance  Officer,  the Fund's Board (or committee thereof),
         legal counsel, independent auditors, and any consultants engaged by the
         Compliance Officer.



                                       9
<PAGE>



         Appendices

         Appendix A:



         List of Officers Covered under the Code, by Board:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

=========================================== ============================== =========================== ============================
                Fund Board                  Principal Executive Officers      Principal Financial               Treasurer
                                                                                    Officers
------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------
<S>     <C>    <C>    <C>    <C>    <C>    <C>
Chicago                                     Michael Clark                  Paul Schubert               Paul Schubert
------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------
New York                                    Michael Clark                  Paul Schubert               Paul Schubert
------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------
Hedge Strategies Fund                       Pam Kiernan                    Marielena Glassman          Marielena Glassman
------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------
Germany*                                    Michael Clark                  Paul Schubert               Paul Schubert
------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------------------- ----------------------------
Topiary BPI                                 Pam Kiernan                    Marielena Glassman          Marielena Glassman
=========================================== ============================== =========================== ============================
</TABLE>

*        Central Europe and Russia, European Equity, and New Germany Funds


         DeAM Compliance Officer:

         Name: Joseph Yuen

         DeAM Department: Compliance

         Phone Numbers: 212-454-7443

         Fax Numbers: 212-454-4703









As of:   July 19, 2006

                                       10
<PAGE>



Appendix B: Acknowledgement and Certification


                    Initial Acknowledgement and Certification
                      of Obligations Under the Officer Code



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Print Name                 Department                Location         Telephone




         1.       I  acknowledge  and certify that I am a Covered  Officer under
                  the Scudder Fund  Principal  Executive and  Financial  Officer
                  Code of Ethics ("Officer Code"),  and therefore subject to all
                  of its requirements and provisions.

         2.       I have received and read the Officer Code and I understand the
                  requirements and provisions set forth in the Officer Code.

         3.       I have disclosed any conflicts of interest of which I am aware
                  to the DeAM Compliance Officer.

         4.       I will act in the best interest of the Funds for which I serve
                  as an  officer  and have  maintained  the  confidentiality  of
                  personal information about Fund shareholders.

         5.       I will report any known or suspected violations of the Officer
                  Code in a timely manner to the DeAM Compliance Officer.













         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
         Signature                                                        Date


                                       11
<PAGE>




                    Annual Acknowledgement and Certification
                      of Obligations Under the Officer Code



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Print Name                 Department                Location         Telephone



         1.       I  acknowledge  and certify that I am a Covered  Officer under
                  the Scudder Fund  Principal  Executive and  Financial  Officer
                  Code of Ethics ("Officer Code"),  and therefore subject to all
                  of its requirements and provisions.

         2.       I have  received and read the Officer  Code,  and I understand
                  the requirements and provisions set forth in the Officer Code.

         3.       I have adhered to the Officer Code.

         4.       I have not knowingly been a party to any conflict of interest,
                  nor have I had  actual  knowledge  about  actual  or  apparent
                  conflicts  of  interest  that I did  not  report  to the  DeAM
                  Compliance  Officer  in  accordance  with the  Officer  Code's
                  requirements.

         5.       I have  acted in the best  interest  of the  Funds for which I
                  serve as an officer and have maintained the confidentiality of
                  personal information about Fund shareholders.

         6.       With  respect to the  duties I perform  for the Fund as a Fund
                  officer,  I believe that  effective  processes are in place to
                  create and file public  reports and  documents  in  accordance
                  with applicable regulations.

         7.       With  respect to the  duties I perform  for the Fund as a Fund
                  officer,  I have complied to the best of my knowledge with all
                  Applicable  Laws (as that term is defined in the Officer Code)
                  and  have  appropriately  monitored  those  persons  under  my
                  supervision for compliance with Applicable Laws.

         8.       I have  reported  any  known or  suspected  violations  of the
                  Officer  Code  in a  timely  manner  to  the  DeAM  Compliance
                  Officer.














--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signature                                                               Date


                                       12
<PAGE>


         Appendix C:  Definitions

         Principal Executive Officer

         Individual  holding  the office of  President  of the Fund or series of
         Funds, or a person performing a similar function.

         Principal Financial Officer

         Individual  holding  the office of  Treasurer  of the Fund or series of
         Funds, or a person performing a similar function.

         Registered Investment Management Investment Company

         Registered  investment  companies other than a face-amount  certificate
         company or a unit investment trust.

         Waiver

         A waiver is an approval of an exemption from a Code requirement.

         Implicit Waiver

         An implicit  waiver is the failure to take action  within a  reasonable
         period of time  regarding a material  departure  from a requirement  or
         provision  of the  Officer  Code that has been  made  known to the DeAM
         Compliance Officer or the Fund's Board (or committee thereof).



                                       13