II 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 3110 

To support United States policy toward Taiwan. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 24, 2023 

Mr. RUBIO (for himself and Mr. MERKLEY) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

A BILL 

To support United States policy toward Taiwan. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Taiwan Relations Re5 inforcement Act of 2023’’. 

6 SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

7 It is the sense of Congress that— 

8 (1) the United States Government should 

9 strengthen cooperation with the military of Taiwan 

10 under the framework of the Taiwan Relations Act 

11 (Public Law 96–8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.) and the 

12 Six Assurances with consideration of the ongoing 


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1 military buildup in China and the imbalance in the 

2 security environment in the Taiwan Strait; 

3 (2) the United States Government should urge 

4 Taiwan to increase its own investments in military 

5 capabilities that support implementation of its asym6 metric defense strategy; 

7 (3) the United States Government should pro8 mote dignity and respect for its Taiwanese counter9 parts, who represent more than 23,000,000 citizens, 

10 by using the full range of diplomatic and financial 

11 tools available to promote Taiwan’s inclusion and 

12 meaningful participation in international organiza13 tions as well as in bilateral and multilateral security 

14 summits, military exercises, and economic dialogues 

15 and forums; and 

16 (4) in order to deepen economic ties and ad17 vance the interests of the United States, the United 

18 States Government should prioritize the negotiation 

19 of a free-trade agreement with Taiwan that provides 

20 high levels of labor rights and environmental protec21 tion as soon as possible. 

22 SEC. 3. A TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY PARTNERSHIP WITH 

23 TAIWAN. 

24 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 

25 United States to create and execute a plan for enhancing 


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1 its relationship with Taiwan by forming a robust partner2 ship that meets the challenges of the 21st century, fully 

3 accounts for Taiwan’s democratization, and remains faith4 ful to United States principles and values in keeping with 

5 the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances. 

6 (b) INTERAGENCY TAIWAN POLICY TASK FORCE.— 

7 Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 

8 of this Act, the President shall create an interagency Tai9 wan policy task force consisting of senior officials from 

10 the Office of the President, the National Security Council, 

11 the Department of State, the Department of Defense, the 

12 Department of the Treasury, the Department of Com13 merce, and the Office of the United States Trade Rep14 resentative. 

15 (c) REPORT.—The interagency Taiwan Policy Task 

16 Force established under subsection (b) shall submit an an17 nual unclassified report with a classified annex to the ap18 propriate congressional committees outlining policy and 

19 actions to be taken to create and execute a plan for en20 hancing our partnership and relations with Taiwan. 

21 SEC. 4. AMERICAN INSTITUTE IN TAIWAN. 

22 The position of Director of the American Institute in 

23 Taiwan’s Taipei office shall be subject to the advice and 

24 consent of the Senate, and effective upon enactment of 

25 this Act shall have the title of Representative. 


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1 SEC. 5. REPORT ON EDUCATION AND EXCHANGE PRO2 GRAMS. 

3 Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact4 ment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to 

5 the appropriate congressional committees a report on co6 operation between the United States Government and the 

7 Taiwanese Government on efforts to promote freedom, de8 mocracy, universal values, culture, and history in conjunc9 tion with Chinese language education. 

10 SEC. 6. PARTICIPATION OF TAIWAN IN INTERNATIONAL OR11 GANIZATIONS. 

12 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 

13 United States to promote Taiwan’s inclusion and mean14 ingful participation in meetings held by international orga15 nizations. 

16 (b) SUPPORT FOR MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION.— 

17 The Permanent Representative of the United States to the 

18 United Nations and other relevant United States officials 

19 should actively support Taiwan’s membership and mean20 ingful participation in international organizations. 

21 (c) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

22 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 

23 submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re24 port on China’s efforts at the United Nations and other 

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1 pation and inclusion and recommend appropriate re2 sponses to be taken by the United States. 

3 SEC. 7. INVITATION OF TAIWANESE COUNTERPARTS TO 

4 HIGH-LEVEL BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL 

5 FORUMS AND EXERCISES. 

6 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 

7 United States to invite Taiwanese counterparts to partici8 pate in high-level bilateral and multilateral summits, mili9 tary exercises, and economic dialogues and forums. 

10 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con11 gress that— 

12 (1) the United States Government should invite 

13 Taiwan to regional dialogues on issues of mutual 

14 concern; 

15 (2) the United States Government and Tai16 wanese counterparts should resume meetings under 

17 the United States-Taiwan Trade and Investment 

18 Framework Agreement and reach a bilateral free 

19 trade agreement; 

20 (3) the United States Government should invite 

21 Taiwan to participate in bilateral and multilateral 

22 military training exercises; and 

23 (4) the United States Government and Tai24 wanese counterparts should engage in a regular and 

25 routine strategic bilateral dialogue on arms sales in 


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1 accordance with Foreign Military Sales mechanisms, 

2 and the United States Government should support 

3 export licenses for direct commercial sales sup4 porting Taiwan’s indigenous defensive capabilities. 

5 SEC. 8. PROHIBITIONS AGAINST UNDERMINING UNITED 

6 STATES POLICY REGARDING TAIWAN. 

7 (a) FINDING.—Congress finds that the efforts by the 

8 Government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and 

9 the Chinese Communist Party to compel private United 

10 States businesses, corporations, and nongovernmental en11 tities to use PRC-mandated language to describe the rela12 tionship between Taiwan and China are an intolerable at13 tempt to enforce political censorship globally and should 

14 be considered an attack on the fundamental underpinnings 

15 of all democratic and free societies, including the constitu16 tionally protected right to freedom of speech. 

17 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con18 gress that the United States Government, in coordination 

19 with United States businesses and nongovernmental enti20 ties, should formulate a code of conduct for interacting 

21 with the Government of the People’s Republic of China 

22 and the Chinese Communist Party and affiliated entities, 

23 the aim of which is— 

24 (1) to counter PRC sharp power operations, 

25 which threaten free speech, academic freedom, and 


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1 the normal operations of United States businesses 

2 and nongovernmental entities; and 

3 (2) to counter PRC efforts to censor the way 

4 the world refers to issues deemed sensitive to the 

5 Government of the People’s Republic of China and 

6 Chinese Communist Party leaders, including issues 

7 related to Taiwan, Tibet, the Tiananmen Square 

8 Massacre, and the mass internment of Uyghurs and 

9 other Turkic Muslims, among many other issues. 

10 (c) PROHIBITION ON RECOGNITION OF PRC CLAIMS

11 TO SOVEREIGNTY OVER TAIWAN.— 

12 (1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 

13 Congress that— 

14 (A) issues related to the sovereignty of 

15 Taiwan are for the people of Taiwan to decide 

16 through the democratic process they have estab17 lished; 

18 (B) the dispute between the People’s Re19 public of China and Taiwan must be resolved 

20 peacefully and with the assent of the people of 

21 Taiwan; 

22 (C) the primary obstacle to peaceful reso23 lution is the authoritarian nature of the PRC 

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1 nese Communist Party, which is fundamentally 

2 incompatible with Taiwan’s democracy; and 

3 (D) any attempt to coerce the people of 

4 Taiwan to accept a political arrangement that 

5 would subject them to direct or indirect rule by 

6 the PRC, including a ‘‘one country, two sys7 tems’’ framework, would constitute a grave 

8 challenge to United States security interests in 

9 the region. 

10 (2) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of 

11 the United States to oppose any attempt by the 

12 PRC authorities to unilaterally impose a timetable 

13 or deadline for unification on Taiwan. 

14 (3) PROHIBITION ON RECOGNITION OF PRC

15 CLAIMS WITHOUT ASSENT OF PEOPLE OF TAIWAN.— 

16 No department or agency of the United States Gov17 ernment may formally or informally recognize PRC 

18 claims to sovereignty over Taiwan without the assent 

19 of the people of Taiwan, as expressed directly 

20 through the democratic process. 

21 (4) TREATMENT OF TAIWAN GOVERNMENT.— 

22 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Department of 

23 State and other United States Government 

24 agencies shall treat the democratically elected 

25 Government of Taiwan as the legitimate repVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:47 Oct 25, 2023 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3110.IS S3110

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1 resentative of the people of Taiwan and end the 

2 outdated practice of referring to the govern3 ment in Taiwan as the ‘‘authorities’’. Notwith4 standing the continued supporting role of the 

5 American Institute in Taiwan in carrying out 

6 United States foreign policy and protecting 

7 United States interests in Taiwan, the United 

8 States Government shall not place any restric9 tions on the ability of officials of the Depart10 ment of State and other United States Govern11 ment agencies from interacting directly and 

12 routinely with counterparts in the Taiwan gov13 ernment. 

14 (B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 

15 this paragraph shall be construed as entailing 

16 restoration of diplomatic relations with the Re17 public of China, which were terminated on Jan18 uary 1, 1979, or altering the United States 

19 Government’s position on Taiwan’s inter20 national status. 

21 (d) STRATEGY TO PROTECT UNITED STATES BUSI22 NESSES AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES FROM COER23 CION.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact24 ment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation 

25 with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of the 


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1 Treasury, and the heads of other relevant Federal agen2 cies, shall submit an unclassified report, with a classified 

3 annex if necessary, to protect United States businesses 

4 and nongovernmental entities from sharp power oper5 ations, including coercion and threats that lead to censor6 ship or self-censorship, or which compel compliance with 

7 political or foreign policy positions of the Government of 

8 the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Com9 munist Party. The strategy shall include the following ele10 ments: 

11 (1) Information on efforts by the Government 

12 of the People’s Republic of China to censor the 

13 websites of United States airlines, hotels, and other 

14 businesses regarding the relationship between Tai15 wan and the People’s Republic of China. 

16 (2) Information on efforts by the Government 

17 of the People’s Republic of China to target United 

18 States nongovernmental entities through sharp 

19 power operations intended to weaken support for 

20 Taiwan. 

21 (3) Information on United States Government 

22 efforts to counter the threats posed by Chinese 

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1 cesses, and existing barriers to responding to this 

2 threat. 

3 (4) Details of any actions undertaken to create 

4 a code of conduct pursuant to subsection (b) and a 

5 timetable for implementation. 

6 SEC. 9. STRATEGY TO RESPOND TO SHARP POWER OPER7 ATIONS TARGETING TAIWAN. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

9 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 

10 shall develop and implement a strategy to respond to 

11 sharp power operations and the united front campaign 

12 supported by the Government of the People’s Republic of 

13 China and the Chinese Communist Party that are directed 

14 toward persons or entities in Taiwan. 

15 (b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required under sub16 section (a) shall include the following elements: 

17 (1) Development of a response to PRC propa18 ganda and disinformation campaigns and cyber-in19 trusions targeting Taiwan, including— 

20 (A) assistance in building the capacity of 

21 the Taiwan Government and private-sector enti22 ties to document and expose propaganda and 

23 disinformation supported by the Government of 

24 the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese 

25 Communist Party, or affiliated entities; 


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1 (B) assistance to enhance the Taiwan Gov2 ernment’s ability to develop a whole-of-govern3 ment strategy to respond to sharp power oper4 ations, including election interference; and 

5 (C) media training for Taiwan officials and 

6 other Taiwan entities targeted by 

7 disinformation campaigns. 

8 (2) Development of a response to political influ9 ence operations that includes an assessment of the 

10 extent of influence exerted by the Government of the 

11 People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Com12 munist Party in Taiwan on local political parties, fi13 nancial institutions, media organizations, and other 

14 entities. 

15 (3) Support for exchanges and other technical 

16 assistance to strengthen the Taiwan legal system’s 

17 ability to respond to sharp power operations. 

18 (4) Establishment of a coordinated partnership, 

19 through the Global Cooperation and Training 

20 Framework, with like-minded governments to share 

21 data and best practices with the Government of Tai22 wan on ways to address sharp power operations sup23 ported by the Government of the People’s Republic 

24 of China and the Chinese Communist Party. 


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1 SEC. 10. REPORT ON DETERRENCE IN THE TAIWAN STRAIT. 

2 Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact3 ment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary 

4 of State and the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 

5 appropriate congressional committees a joint report that 

6 assesses the military posture of Taiwan and the United 

7 States as it specifically pertains to the deterrence of mili8 tary conflict and conflict readiness in the Taiwan Strait. 

9 In light of the changing military balance in the Taiwan 

10 Strait, the report should include analysis of whether cur11 rent Taiwan and United States policies sufficiently deter 

12 efforts to determine the future of Taiwan by other than 

13 peaceful means. 

14 SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS. 

15 In this Act: 

16 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT17 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com18 mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations 

19 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

20 of the House of Representatives. 

21 (2) SHARP POWER.—The term ‘‘sharp power’’ 

22 means the coordinated and often concealed applica23 tion of disinformation, media manipulation, eco24 nomic coercion, cyber-intrusions, targeted invest25 ments, and academic censorship that is intended— 


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1 (A) to corrupt political and nongovern2 mental institutions and interfere in democratic 

3 elections and encourage self-censorship of views 

4 at odds with those of the Government of the 

5 People’s Republic of China or the Chinese Com6 munist Party; or 

7 (B) to foster attitudes, behavior, decisions, 

8 or outcomes in Taiwan and elsewhere that sup9 port the interests of the Government of the 

10 People’s Republic of China or the Chinese Com11 munist Party. 

Æ 


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