[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 17-14095

Non-Argument Calendar

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D.C. Docket No. 1:15-cv-02441-SCJ

NORMAN TOLAND, JR., 

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

AT&T INC.,

 Defendant,

BELLSOUTH TELECOMMUNICATIONS, LLC, 

 Defendant-Appellee.

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Georgia

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(June 5, 2018)

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Before MARCUS, ROSENBAUM, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

Norman Toland, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s grant of 

summary judgment to BellSouth Telecommunications, LLC (“BellSouth”)1 in his 

disability discrimination case. On appeal, Toland first argues that the court abused 

its discretion when it deemed certain facts admitted because he failed to submit a 

statement of material facts, as required by Rule 56.1(B) of the Local Rules for the 

Northern District of Georgia. Second, he argues that the court erred in granting 

BellSouth’s motion for summary judgment on his claim of disability 

discrimination under the American’s with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. 

§ 12112, after finding that he failed to show that BellSouth’s reason for not hiring 

him was pretextual. We address each point in turn. 

I. Factual Admission

We review a district court’s determination that a party failed to comply with 

local rules for abuse of discretion. See Kilgo v. Ricks, 983 F.2d 189, 192 (11th Cir. 

1993). Although we liberally construe pro se litigants’ pleadings, such litigants 

must nevertheless conform to procedural rules. Albra v. Advan, Inc., 490 F.3d 826, 

829 (11th Cir. 2007). 

 1 Toland originally named AT&T as the sole defendant, but he subsequently filed an 

addendum to his complaint listing BellSouth as the defendant. The court directed the clerk to 

amend the docket to list BellSouth as the defendant, in effect substituting Bell South as the 

defendant and eliminating AT&T as a party.

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Rule 56.1(B) of the Local Rules for the Northern District of Georgia requires 

a movant for summary judgment to include a separate, concise, and numbered 

statement of undisputed facts in his or her motion. N.D. Ga. Civ. R. 56.1(B)(1). 

The respondent is then required to file an individually numbered statement of 

undisputed facts corresponding with the movant’s statement. Id. 56.1(B)(2). The 

movant’s facts will be deemed admitted unless the respondent directly refutes the 

facts with specific citations to evidence, states a valid objection, or shows that the 

movant’s facts are not supported by evidence or that the facts are not material. Id. 

The district court did not abuse its discretion when it found that Toland 

failed to comply with Local Rule 56.1(B)(1). In his motion for summary 

judgment, Toland did not file a separate statement of undisputed material facts, and 

in his responsive statement of disputed facts to BellSouth’s motion, he failed to 

address or refute the facts BellSouth listed in its statement. Thus, the court 

properly concluded that the undisputed facts were admitted. N.D. Ga. Civ. R. 

56(B)(1). Accordingly, the court did not abuse its discretion. Moreover, Toland’s 

failure to comply with the Local Rule, and the deemed admission issue, is not 

relevant on appeal because the district court did in fact consider all of the evidence, 

including all of the evidence submitted by Toland. The summary judgment, 

discussed below, was based on all of the evidence.

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II. Summary Judgment

We review a grant of summary judgment de novo. Kernel Records Oy v. 

Mosley, 694 F.3d 1294, 1300 (11th Cir. 2012). Summary judgment is appropriate 

when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to 

judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). A factual dispute exists where 

a reasonable fact-finder could find by a preponderance of the evidence that the 

non-moving party is entitled to a verdict. Kernel Records Oy, 694 F.3d at 1300. In 

determining whether evidence creates a factual dispute, a court should draw 

reasonable inferences in favor of the non-moving party, but “inferences based upon 

speculation are not reasonable.” Id. at 1301. 

The ADA prohibits employers from discriminating against qualified 

individuals on the basis of disability. 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a). The same burdenshifting framework of Title VII discrimination claims applies to ADA claims. 

Holly v. Clairson Indus., L.L.C., 492 F.3d 1247, 1255 (11th Cir. 2007). To make 

out a prima facie employment-discrimination case under the ADA, the plaintiff 

must show that: (1) he has a disability; (2) he is a qualified individual for the 

position in question, and (3) the employer discriminated against him because of his 

disability. See 42 U.S.C. § 12112; Waddell v. Valley Forge Dental Assocs., Inc.,

276 F.3d 1275, 1279 (11th Cir. 2001). The plaintiff retains the burden of showing 

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that he was the victim of intentional discrimination at all times. Texas Dept. of 

Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 253 (1981). 

If a plaintiff makes out a prima facie case of disability discrimination, and 

the defendant presents a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its actions, the 

plaintiff must then demonstrate that the reason given was pretextual. See 

Cleveland v. Home Shopping Network, Inc., 369 F.3d 1189, 1193 (11th Cir. 2004). 

A plaintiff can show that a given reason was prextual by pointing to “such 

weaknesses, implausibilities, inconsistencies, incoherencies, or contradictions” in 

the proffered explanation so that a reasonable factfinder would find them unworthy 

of credence, or by showing that a discriminatory reason more likely motivated the 

employer’s actions. Combs v. Plantation Patterns, 106 F.3d 1519, 1538 (11th Cir. 

1997) (quotation omitted). As long as the employer’s reason is rational, however, 

the plaintiff “must meet that reason head on and rebut it.” Chapman v. AI Transp., 

229 F.3d 1012, 1030 (11th Cir. 2000) (en banc). 

The district court did not err in granting BellSouth’s motion for summary 

judgment because Toland failed to show that its proffered reason for not hiring him 

was pretextual. BellSouth set forth a rational reason for refusing to hire Toland—

his failure to complete the application process—and Toland did not “meet that 

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reason head on and rebut it.”2 Chapman, 229 F.3d at 1030 (en banc). As such, 

Toland did not prove that BellSouth discriminated against him because of his 

disability, and summary judgment in favor of BellSouth was appropriate. 

Accordingly, we affirm.

AFFIRMED. 

 2 Even if the process were unfair as Toland asserts—e.g. because Toland was not aware of the 

requirement that he return to the clinic within five days—the relevant inquiry is whether 

BellSouth honestly believed that Toland had not completed the application process within the 

requested time. Toland has adduced no evidence disputing BellSouth’s evidence of legitimate 

business reason. 

With regards to the September 4, 2013 letter advising Toland that his application for 

employment was denied, we agree with the district court that it is not inconsistent with 

BellSouth’s legitimate business reason. Therefore, contrary to Toland’s argument, that letter does 

not create any genuine issue of material fact.

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