Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: 11 -February-2014 

SUBJECT: Thiram: Revised Acute and Chronic Dietary (Food and Drinking Water) 

Exposure and Risk Assessment to Support a Petition For an Increased Tolerance 

on Strawberry and the Conversion of the Time-Limited Banana Tolerance to 

Permanent. 

PC Code: 07980 I 

Decision No.: 471074 

Petition No.: 2F8 106 

Risk Assessment Type: Dietary 

TXRNo.: NA 

MRIDNo.: NA 

DP No.: D418045 

Registration No.: NA 

Regulatory Action: NA 

Case No.: NA 

CAS No.: 137-26-8 

40 CFR: §180.132 

FROM: Thurston 

Risk Assessment 

G. Morton, 

Branch 

Chemist 

IV 

/?_

~/ 

·/} ~r- -/ 

Health Effects Division (7509P) 

THROUGH: Doug Dotson, PhD., Senio 

Kristin Rury, Biologist 

Dietary Exposure Science Advis 

Health Effects Division (7509P) 

And 

Susan Hummel, Senior Scientist 

Elissa Reaves, Ph.D., Branch Chief 

Risk Assessment Branch IV 

Health Effects Division (7509P) 

TO: Shaunta Hill 

Fungicide Branch 

Registration Division (7505P) 

Revised thiram acute and chronic dietary (food and drinking water) exposure assessments were 

conducted using the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model software with the Food Commodity 

Intake Database DEEM-FCIDTM, Version 3.16. This software uses 2003-2008 food 

consumption data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) National Health and 

Nutrition Examination Survey, What We Eat in America, (NHANESIWWEIA). The analyses 

Page I of 14 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045 

were performed to evaluate the proposed tolerance increase on strawberry from 7 ppm to 20 ppm 

and to convert the time-limited tolerance on bananas to a permanent tolerance. 

This memorandum was reviewed by two peer reviewers of the DESAC, per DESAC Standard 

Operating Procedure (SOP) 2012.1. 

Acute Dietary (Food and Drinking Water) Exposure Results and Characterization 

A partially refined probabilistic acute dietary-exposure assessment was performed using I 00 

percent crop treated (%CT), tolerance, the highest residue found during field-trials, distributions 

of field trial residues, and empirical processing factors. Dietary risk estimates were determined 

considering exposures from food and drinking water using estimated drinking water 

concentrations (EDWCs) for surface water sources provided by the Envirorunental Fate and 

Effects Division (EFED). 

The acute dietary risk estimates for food and drinking water combined are below HED's level of 

concern (i.e., <100% of the aPAD of0.6494 mg/kg bw/day) for the general U.S. population and 

all population subgroups (including females 13-49 years old; aPAD of0.014 mg/kg bw/day). 

Using DEEM-FCID, acute dietary exposure at the 95111 exposure percentile is estimated at 

0.012053 mg/kg bw/day for the general U.S. population (1.9% of the aPAD) and 0.008637 

mg/kg bw/day (62% of the aPAD) for females 13-49 years old, the population subgroup with the 

highest percent aP AD dietary exposure to thiram. 

Chronic Dietary (Food and Drinking Water) Exposure Results and Characterization 

A partially refmed chronic dietary-exposure assessment was performed using tolerances, average 

field trial residues, banana tolerance, and empirical processing factors. Dietary risk estimates 

were determined considering exposures from food and drinking water using EDWCs for surface 

water sources provided by EFED. The resulting chronic dietary risk estimates for food and water 

combined are below HED's level of concern (i.e., <100% ofthe chronic population adjusted 

dose; cPAD of0.015 mg!kg bw/day) for the general U.S. population and all population 

subgroups. Using DEEM-FCID, dietary exposure is estimated at 0.002257 mg/kg bw/day for the 

general U.S. population (15% ofthe cPAD) and 0.012007 mg/kg bw/day (80% of the cPAD) for 

children 1-2 years old, the population subgroup with the highest estimated chronic dietary 

exposure to thiram. 

I. INTRODUCTION 

Dietary risk assessment incorporates both exposure and toxicity of a given pesticide. For acute 

and chronic assessments, the risk is expressed as a percentage of a maximum acceptable dose 

(i.e., the dose that HED has concluded will result in no unreasonable adverse health effects). 

This dose is referred to as the PAD. The PAD is equivalent to point of departure (POD, 

NOAEL, LOAEL, e.g.) divided by the required uncertainty or safety factors. 

For acute and non-cancer chronic exposures, HED is concerned when estimated dietary risk 

exceeds 100% of the PAD. References that discuss the acute and chronic risk assessments in 

more detail are available on the EPA/pesticides web site: "Available Information on Assessing 

Exposure from Pesticides, A User's Guide," 21-JUN-2000, web link: 

Page 2 of 14 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 3 of 14

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day-12/6061.pdf ; or see SOP 99.6 (20-

AUG-1999).

The most recent dietary risk assessment for thiram was conducted by T. Morton (D412466, 

12/10/13).

II. RESIDUE INFORMATION

Residue Data used for Acute and Chronic Assessments

Established Tolerances: Tolerances for residues in/on food and feed commodities are currently 

expressed in terms of residues of thiram (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide) [40 CFR §180.132] are 

established at 7.0 ppm for apples, strawberries, and peaches. A time-limited import tolerance is 

also established for thiram on bananas at 0.80 ppm. Thiram is also the residue of concern in 

plants for dietary risk assessment purposes.

Acute Anticipated Residues

For the probabilistic acute dietary-exposure analysis, the entire distribution of field-trial data was 

used to generate residue-distribution files (RDFs) for commodities that are not considered 

blended or partially blended (see Table 2). For commodities that were considered blended (i.e. 

dried apple, dried banana, and dried peach), point-estimates consisting of the average field-trial 

residue were used. Empirical processing factors were used. In addition 100% crop treated was 

used.

Chronic Anticipated Residues

Tolerances level residues for banana and average field trial residues for apples, peaches and 

strawberries along with 100% crop treated were used for the chronic dietary exposure analysis 

for all crops. Empirical processing factors were also used. 

The USDA Pesticide Data Program (PDP) monitored pesticide residues in catfish in 2008. PDP 

did not analyze catfish samples for thiram residues. As a result, residues in fish were not 

included in the assessment.

Processing Factors

Processing factors were obtained from strawberry washing and apple processing studies 

submitted to the Agency by the registrant (F. Fort, D283996, 04/20/03). The strawberry washing 

factor was used for strawberries only. The apple washing factor was used for peaches and 

apples. The apple drying factor was used for apples, peaches, and bananas. The apple sauce 

factor was used for apple sauce, peach babyfood, and strawberry babyfood. Finally, the apple 

juice factor was used for apple, peaches, and strawberries. The table below shows the results of 

these studies and the processing factors that were used to refine the acute and chronic 

assessments. 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 4 of 14

Table 1. Processing Factors.

Type Factor 

Consumer practice (strawberry) 0.42

Washing (apple) 0.79

Drying (apple) 2.4 used for all dried commodities

Sauce (apple) 0.18 used also for baby food commodities

Juice (apple) 0.12

Percent Crop Treated Information

Percent crop treated was set at 100 % for the acute and chronic dietary exposure analyses.

Table 2. Summary of Anticipated Residues for Thiram.

Commodity Classification1

Data 

Used2

Processing 

Factor

Percent Crop Treated3

Residue Distribution for 

Acute Anticipated 

Residue

Chronic 

Anticipated 

Residue, ppm

Weighted

Avg.

Estimated 

Max

Avocado NB/PB FT 1 100 100 0.05 pulp residue 0.05

Apple, fruit with peel

Apple, peeled fruit

NB/PB FT 0.79 100 100 RDF # 1

Apples

'Apples

'100% Ct

TOTALZ=0

TOTALNZ=20

0.95, 2.09, 0.91, 

1.41, 4.22, 0.86, 

8.65, 5.18, 6.75,

4.56, 2.93, 3.98,

4.24, 4.69, 5.60,

5.97, 6.53, 1.62,

1.72, 1.72

3.7

Apple, peeled fruitbabyfoodPB FT 0.79 100 100 RDF #1 3.7

Apple, dried

Apple, dried-babyfood 

B FT 2.4 100 100 7.0 3.7

Apple, juice 

Apple, juice-babyfood

PB FT 0.12 100 100 RDF # 1 3.7

Apple, sauce

Apple, sauce-babyfood

PB FT 0.18 100 100 RDF # 1 3.7

Peach NB/PB FT 0.79 100 100 RDF #2

'Peaches

100% CT

TOTALZ=100

TOTALNZ=21

3.29, 6.42, 3.04, 3.47

4.54, 5.93, 2.19, 2.61

2.98, 1.47, 1.90, 3.17

2.49, 1.90, 3.10, 3.37

5.38, 3.95, 2.24, 1.73

1.91

3.2

Peach, babyfood PB FT 0.18 100 100 RDF #2 3.2

Peach, dried

Peach, dried - babyfood

B FT 2.4 100 100 6.42 3.2
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 5 of 14

Table 2. Summary of Anticipated Residues for Thiram.

Commodity Classification1

Data 

Used2

Processing 

Factor

Percent Crop Treated3

Residue Distribution for 

Acute Anticipated 

Residue

Chronic 

Anticipated 

Residue, ppm

Weighted

Avg.

Estimated 

Max

Peach, juice

Peach, juice - babyfood

PB FT 0.12 100 100 RDF #2 3.2

Strawberry PB FT 0.42 100 100 RDF #3 New Data:

'Strawberries

'100% CT

TOTALZ=0

TOTALNZ=10

3.45, 3.15, 4.30, 0.05

4, 11.4, 5.40, 5.3, 4.2

7.65

4.9

Strawberry - babyfood PB FT 0.18 100 100 RDF #3 4.9

Strawberry - juice

Strawberry, juice -

babyfood

PB FT 0.12 100 100 RDF #3 4.9

Banana, peeled fruit

Banana, peeled fruitbabyfood

NB/PB FT 1.0 100 100 Bananas (pulp)

0.112, 0.125, 0.127, 

0.135, 0.236, 0.276, 

0.225, 0.222, 0.211, 

0.186, 0.135, 0.178

0.0745, 0.0718, 0.0608

0.0618, 0.0334, 0.0435

0.0452, 0.0442, 0.0705

0.0662, 0.138, 0.118

0.0951, 0.101, 0.0640

0.0780

0.80

Banana, dried

Banana, dried-babyfood 

B FT 2.4 100 100 0.276 0.80

1 NB = Non-blended; PB = partially blended; B = blended.

2 FT = field-trial data. 

III. Drinking Water Data

The current action will not affect the EDWCs, therefore, the previous drinking water assessment

(J. Carleton and F. Jenkins, 12/11/03) is still applicable. Because monitoring data are 

unavailable, estimates of thiram concentrations were made only with mathematical models. 

EDWC values were generated by the PRZM (Pesticide Root Zone Model)-EXAMS (Exposure 

Analysis Modeling System) for the turf application scenario, since this scenario yielded the 

highest EDWC values. Ground water sources were not included, as the EDWCs for this water 

source are minimal in comparison to those for surface water. Water residues (surface water

EDWC of 0.0478 ppm for acute and 0.0025 ppm for chronic) were incorporated in DEEM-FCID 

into the food categories “water, direct, all sources” and “water, indirect, all sources” for the 

dietary assessments.

Table 3. EDWCs for Use in the Human-Health Risk Assessment.

Crop 

Annual 

App Rate 

(lbs 

ai/acre/yr) 

SCIGROW 

concentration 

(ppb) 

PRZM/EXAMS* 

Acute EDWC

(ppb) 

PRZM/EXAMS* 

non-cancer chronic 

EDWC (ppb) 

Turf farm 146.6 0.84 47.8 2.5 

* Index Reservoir environment 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 6 of 14

IV. DEEM-FCIDTM PROGRAM AND CONSUMPTION INFORMATION

Thiram acute and chronic dietary exposure assessments were conducted using the DEEM-FCID, 

Version 3.16. This software uses 2003-2008 food consumption data from the U.S. Department 

of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, What We Eat in 

America, (NHANES/WWEIA). The data are based on the reported consumption of more than 

20,000 individuals over two non-consecutive survey days. Foods “as consumed” (e.g., apple pie) 

are linked to EPA-defined food commodities (e.g. apples, peeled fruit - cooked; fresh or N/S; 

baked; or wheat flour - cooked; fresh or N/S, baked) using publicly available recipe translation 

files developed jointly by USDA/ARS and EPA. For chronic exposure assessment, consumption 

data are averaged for the entire U.S. population and within population subgroups, but for acute 

exposure assessment are retained as individual consumption events. Based on analysis of the 

2003-2008 WWEIA consumption data, which took into account dietary patterns and survey 

respondents, HED concluded that it is most appropriate to report risk for the following 

population subgroups: the general U.S. population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, 

children 3-5, children 6-12, youth 13-19, adults 20-49, females 13-49, and adults 50-99 years 

old.

For chronic dietary exposure assessment, an estimate of the residue level in each food or foodform (e.g., orange or orange juice) on the food commodity residue list is multiplied by the 

average daily consumption estimate for that food/food form to produce a residue intake estimate. 

The resulting residue intake estimate for each food/food form is summed with the residue intake 

estimates for all other food/food forms on the commodity residue list to arrive at the total 

average estimated exposure. Exposure is expressed in mg/kg body weight/day and as a percent 

of the cPAD. This procedure is performed for each population subgroup.

For acute exposure assessments, individual one-day food consumption data are used on an 

individual-by-individual basis. The reported consumption amounts of each food item can be 

multiplied by a residue point estimate and summed to obtain a total daily pesticide exposure for a 

deterministic exposure assessment, or “matched” in multiple random pairings with residue values 

and then summed in a probabilistic assessment. The resulting distribution of exposures is 

expressed as a percentage of the aPAD on both a user (i.e., only those who reported eating 

relevant commodities/food forms) and a per-capita (i.e., those who reported eating the relevant 

commodities as well as those who did not) basis. In accordance with HED policy, per capita 

exposure and risk are reported for all tiers of analysis. However, for tiers 1 and 2, any significant 

differences in user vs. per capita exposure and risk are specifically identified and noted in the 

risk assessment.

V. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

A summary of the toxicological endpoints and doses chosen for the relevant exposure scenarios 

for human risk assessment are found in Table 4.
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 7 of 14

Table 4. Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Thiram for Use in Dietary Risk Assessments.

Exposure/

Scenario

Point of 

Departure

Uncertainty/FQPA 

Safety Factors

RfD, PAD, 

LOC for Risk 

Assessment Study and Toxicological Effects

Acute Dietary

(General

Population)

BMDL10 =

64.94

mg/kg/day

UFA = 10x

UFH = 10x

FQPA SF = 1x

Acute RfD = 

0.6494

mg/kg/day

aPAD = 0.6494

mg/kg/day

Acute Neurotoxicity Study - Rat

LOAEL = 150 mg/kg/day based on

FOB effects (lethargy, lower 

temperature, reduced startle 

response, no tail pinch response), 

reduced motor activity, and 

reduced brain weights.

Acute Dietary

(Females 13-

49 years old)

NOAEL = 1.4 

mg/kg/day

UFA = 10x

UFH = 10x

FQPA SF = 1x

Acute RfD = 

0.014

mg/kg/day

aPAD =0.014 

mg/kg/day

Dev. Neurotoxicity Study - Rat

LOAEL = 3.7 mg/kg/day based on 

increases in motor activity seen in 

female offspring on PND 17

Chronic 

Dietary

(All 

populations)

NOAEL = 1.5 

mg/kg/day

UFA = 10x

UFH = 10x

FQPA SF = 1x

Chronic RfD = 

0.015 

mg/kg/day

cPAD =0.015 

mg/kg/day

Combined Chronic 

Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study -

Rat & Chronic Oral Toxicity Study 

- Dog

LOAEL = 7.3 mg/kg/day based on 

changes in hematology, clinical 

chemistry, incidences of bile duct 

hyperplasia, and reduction in mean 

body weight gain seen at 7.9 

mg/kg/day in conjunction with 

elevated cholesterol levels and 

increased liver weights reported in 

the chronic oral toxicity study in 

dogs at 2.6 mg/kg/day

Cancer (oral, 

dermal, 

inhalation)

“Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans”

Point of Departure (POD) = A data point or an estimated point that is derived from observed dose-response data and 

used to mark the beginning of extrapolation to determine risk associated with lower environmentally relevant human 

exposures. NOAEL = no-observed adverse-effect level. LOAEL = lowest-observed adverse-effect level. UF = 

uncertainty factor. UFA = extrapolation from animal to human (intraspecies). UFH = potential variation in sensitivity 

among members of the human population (interspecies). FQPA SF = FQPA Safety Factor. PAD = populationadjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic). RfD = reference dose. 

VI. RESULTS/DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

As stated above, for acute and chronic assessments, HED is generally concerned when dietary 

risk exceeds 100% of the PAD. The DEEM-FCID analyses estimate the dietary exposure of the 

general U.S. population and various population subgroups. The results reported in Tables 5 and 

6 are for the general U.S. population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, children 3-5, 

children 6-12, youth 13-19, females 13-49, adults 20-49, and adults 50-99 years old. 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 8 of 14

Results of Acute Dietary-Exposure Analysis

A partially refined probabilistic acute dietary-exposure assessment was performed using 100 

%CT, highest residue of field-trial residue values, distribution of field trial residues, and

empirical processing factors. Dietary risk estimates were determined considering exposures 

from food plus drinking water using EDWCs for surface water sources provided by EFED. 

The acute dietary risk estimates for food and drinking water combined are below HED’s level of 

concern (i.e., <100% of the aPAD of 0.6494 mg/kg bw/day) for the general U.S. population and 

all population subgroups (including females 13-49 years old; aPAD of 0.014 mg/kg bw/day). 

Using DEEM-FCID, acute dietary exposure at the 95th exposure percentile is estimated at 

0.012053 mg/kg bw/day for the general U.S. population (1.9% of the aPAD) and 0.008637

mg/kg bw/day (62% of the aPAD) for females 13-49 years old, the population subgroup with the 

highest % aPAD dietary exposure to thiram. The estimated exposures/risks for food and 

drinking water are summarized in Table 5.

Table 5. Results of Acute Dietary Exposure and Risk Analysis

for Thiram (Food + Water).

Population 

Subgroup

aPAD 

(mg/kg/day)

95th Percentile

Exposure 

(mg/kg/day) % aPAD

General U.S. 

Population 0.6494 0.012053 1.9

All Infants 

(<1 year old) 0.6494 0.027189 4.2

Children 1-2 

years old 0.6494 0.043572 6.7

Children 3-5 

years old 0.6494 0.032295 5.0

Children 6-

12 years old 0.6494 0.018813 2.9

Youth 13-19 

years old 0.6494 0.009850 1.5

Adults 20-49 

years old 0.6494 0.007959 1.2

Adults 50-99 

years old 0.6494 0.008760 1.4

Females 13-

49 years old 0.014 0.008637 62

* The values for the highest risk population for each percentile are bolded.

Results of Chronic Dietary-Exposure Analysis

The partially refined chronic dietary risk estimates for food and water combined are below 

HED’s level of concern (i.e., <100% of the cPAD of 0.015 mg/kg bw/day) for the general U.S. 

population and all population subgroups. Using the DEEM-FCID software, dietary exposure is 

estimated at 0.002257 mg/kg bw/day for the general U.S. population (15% of the cPAD) and 

0.011943 mg/kg bw/day (80% of the cPAD) for children 1-2 years old, the population subgroup 

with the highest estimated chronic dietary exposure to thiram. The estimated exposures/risks for 

food and drinking water are summarized in Table 6.
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 9 of 14

Table 6. Summary of Chronic Dietary Exposure and Risk for Thiram (Food + Water).

Age Group cPAD (mg/kg/day) Exposure (mg/kg/day) % cPAD

General U.S. Population 0.015 0.002257 15

All Infants (<1 year old) 0.015 0.006669 45

Children 1-2 years old 0.015 0.012007 80

Children 3-5 years old 0.015 0.007575 51

Children 6-12 years old 0.015 0.003633 24

Youth 13-19 years old 0.015 0.001523 10

Adults 20-49 years old 0.015 0.001225 8.2

Adults 50-99 years old 0.015 0.001653 11

Females 13-49 years old 0.015 0.001335 8.9

* The values for the highest exposed population is bolded.

VII. DISCUSSION OF UNCERTAINTIES

Residues in all foods were based on the results of field trials. Field-trial residues should exceed 

the residue levels found on food commodities at the time of consumption. When field trials are 

performed, the maximum allowable application rate is used and crops are harvested at the 

minimum pre-harvest interval (PHI). Samples are stored frozen until analysis to ensure minimal 

degradation of residues. In actual practice, however, growers will not usually use the maximum 

application rates for economic reasons. In addition, most crops are not harvested and 

immediately stored frozen. For these reasons, HED is confident that this analysis does not 

underestimate risk to the general U.S. population or any population subgroup. 

VIII. LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 1- Residue Inputs for Acute Dietary Assessment of Thiram

Attachment 2 - Results of Refined Acute Dietary Analysis for Thiram

Attachment 3- Residue Inputs for Chronic Dietary Assessment of Thiram

Attachment 4 - Results of Partially Refined Chronic Dietary Analysis for Thiram

cc: T. Morton (RAB4)

T. Morton:S10838:PY-S:(703)305-6691:7509P:RAB4
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 10 of 14

Attachment 1- Residue Inputs for Acute Dietary Assessment of Thiram

Filename: C:\Documents and Settings\tmorton\My Documents\MyFiles\DEEM Files\079801 

Thiram\Strawberry\079801 Acute Tolerance HR for Banana Strawberry and Peach RDF for FDA Apple 

Plus Strawberry Apple Peach Washing Factor %CT Apple FT Apple Washing All 100CT.R08

Chemical: Thiram

RfD(Chronic): .015 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Chronic): 0 mg/kg bw/day

RfD(Acute): .6494 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Acute): 0 mg/kg bw/day

Date created/last modified: 01-30-2014/14:49:36 Program ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RDL indices and parameters for Monte Carlo Analysis:

Index Dist Parameter #1 Param #2 Param #3 Comment

 # Code 

----- ---- ------------ -------- -------- -------

 1 6 apple 100 CT.rdf

 2 6 peach FT 100CT.rdf

 3 6 straw New FT 100CT.rdf

 EPA Crop Commodity Name Def Res Adj.Factors RDLComment

 Code Grp (ppm) #1 #2 Pntr

---------- ---- ------------------------------- ---------- ------ ------ --- -------

1100007000 11 Apple, fruit with peel 7.000000 0.790 1.000 1 

1100008000 11 Apple, peeled fruit 7.000000 0.790 1.000 1 

1100008001 11 Apple, peeled fruit-babyfood 7.000000 0.790 1.000 1 

1100009000 11 Apple, dried 7.000000 2.400 1.000 

1100009001 11 Apple, dried-babyfood 7.000000 2.400 1.000 

1100010000 11 Apple, juice 7.000000 0.120 1.000 1 

1100010001 11 Apple, juice-babyfood 7.000000 0.120 1.000 1 

1100011000 11 Apple, sauce 7.000000 0.180 1.000 1 

1100011001 11 Apple, sauce-babyfood 7.000000 0.180 1.000 1 

1202260000 12B Peach 6.420000 0.790 1.000 2 

1202260001 12B Peach-babyfood 6.420000 0.180 1.000 2 

1202261000 12B Peach, dried 6.420000 2.400 1.000 

1202261001 12B Peach, dried-babyfood 6.420000 2.400 1.000 

1202262000 12B Peach, juice 6.420000 0.120 1.000 2 

1202262001 12B Peach, juice-babyfood 6.420000 0.120 1.000 2 

1307359000 13G Strawberry 11.400000 0.420 1.000 3 

1307359001 13G Strawberry-babyfood 11.400000 0.180 1.000 3 

1307360000 13G Strawberry, juice 11.400000 0.120 1.000 3 

1307360001 13G Strawberry, juice-babyfood 11.400000 0.120 1.000 3 

8601000000 86A Water, direct, all sources 0.047800 1.000 1.000 

8602000000 86B Water, indirect, all sources 0.047800 1.000 1.000 

9500020000 O Avocado 0.050000 1.000 1.000 Pulp R

 Full comment: Pulp Residues

9500023000 O Banana 0.276000 1.000 1.000 

9500023001 O Banana-babyfood 0.276000 1.000 1.000 

9500024000 O Banana, dried 0.276000 2.400 1.000 

9500024001 O Banana, dried-babyfood 0.276000 2.400 1.000 

9500283000 O Plantain 0.276000 1.000 1.000 

9500284000 O Plantain, dried 0.276000 2.400 1.000 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 11 of 14

Residue Distribution Files (rdfs)

RDF #1

'Apples

'100% Ct

TOTALZ=0

TOTALNZ=20

0.95

2.09

0.91

1.41

4.22

0.86

8.65

5.18

6.75

4.56

2.93

3.98

4.24

4.69

5.60

5.97

6.53

1.62

1.72

1.72

RDF #2

'Peaches

'100% CT

TOTALZ=0

TOTALNZ=21

3.29

6.42

3.04

3.47

4.54

5.93

2.19

2.61

2.98

1.47

1.90

3.17

2.49

1.90

3.10

3.37

5.38

3.95

2.24

1.73

1.91

RDF #3

'Strawberries

'100% CT

TOTALZ=0 

TOTALNZ=10

3.45

3.15

4.30

0.05

4

11.4

5.40

5.3

4.2

7.65
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 12 of 14

Attachment 2 - Results of Acute Dietary Analysis for Thiram

U.S. EPA Ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

DEEM-FCID ACUTE Analysis for THIRAM NHANES 2003-2008 2-Day

Residue file: 079801 Acute Tolerance HR for Banana Strawberry and Peach RDF for FDA Apple Plus 

Strawberry Apple Peach Washing Factor %CT Apple FT Apple Washing All 100CT.R08

 Adjustment factor #2 used.

Analysis Date: 02-12-2014/11:45:48 Residue file dated: 02-12-2014/11:35:14

Acute Pop Adjusted Dose (aPAD) varies with population; see individual reports

RAC/FF intake summed over 24 hours

MC iterations = 1000; MC list in residue file; MC seed = 10281; RNG = MS VB

Run Comment: ""

===============================================================================

Summary calculations--per capita:

 95th Percentile 99th Percentile 99.9th Percentile

Exposure % aPAD Exposure % aPAD Exposure % aPAD 

 ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------

Total US Population:

 0.012053 1.86 0.027646 4.26 0.063099 9.72 

All Infants:

 0.027189 4.19 0.049979 7.70 0.099471 15.32 

Children 1-2:

 0.043572 6.71 0.076449 11.77 0.124100 19.11 

Children 3-5:

 0.032295 4.97 0.055511 8.55 0.095302 14.68 

Children 6-12:

 0.018813 2.90 0.036579 5.63 0.065496 10.09 

Youth 13-19:

 0.009850 1.52 0.018822 2.90 0.030655 4.72 

Adults 20-49:

 0.007959 1.23 0.015938 2.45 0.029974 4.62 

Adults 50-99:

 0.008760 1.35 0.015938 2.45 0.029573 4.55 

Female 13-49:

 0.008637 61.69 0.016868 120.48 0.027960 199.71 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 13 of 14

Attachment 3- Residue Inputs for Chronic Dietary Assessment of Thiram

Filename: C:\Documents and Settings\tmorton\My Documents\MyFiles\DEEM Files\079801 Thiram\Thiram 

on Avocado\079801 Chronic Avg FT.TXT

Chemical: Thiram

RfD(Chronic): .015 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Chronic): 0 mg/kg bw/day

RfD(Acute): 0 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Acute): 0 mg/kg bw/day

Date created/last modified: 02-10-2014/09:53:01 Program ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 EPA Crop Def Res Adj.Factors Comment

 Code Grp Commodity Name (ppm) #1 #2 

---------- ---- ------------------------------- ---------- ------ ------ -------

1100007000 11 Apple, fruit with peel 3.730000 0.790 1.000 

1100008000 11 Apple, peeled fruit 3.730000 0.790 1.000 

1100008001 11 Apple, peeled fruit-babyfood 3.730000 0.790 1.000 

1100009000 11 Apple, dried 3.730000 2.400 1.000 

1100009001 11 Apple, dried-babyfood 3.730000 2.400 1.000 

1100010000 11 Apple, juice 3.730000 0.120 1.000 

1100010001 11 Apple, juice-babyfood 3.730000 0.120 1.000 

1100011000 11 Apple, sauce 3.730000 0.180 1.000 

1100011001 11 Apple, sauce-babyfood 3.730000 0.180 1.000 

1202260000 12B Peach 3.200000 0.790 1.000 

1202260001 12B Peach-babyfood 3.200000 0.180 1.000 

1202261000 12B Peach, dried 3.200000 2.400 1.000 

1202261001 12B Peach, dried-babyfood 3.200000 2.400 1.000 

1202262000 12B Peach, juice 3.200000 0.120 1.000 

1202262001 12B Peach, juice-babyfood 3.200000 0.120 1.000 

1307359000 13G Strawberry 4.900000 0.420 1.000 

1307359001 13G Strawberry-babyfood 4.900000 0.180 1.000 

1307360000 13G Strawberry, juice 4.900000 0.120 1.000 

1307360001 13G Strawberry, juice-babyfood 4.900000 0.120 1.000 

8601000000 86A Water, direct, all sources 0.002500 1.000 1.000 

8602000000 86B Water, indirect, all sources 0.002500 1.000 1.000 

9500020000 O Avocado 0.050000 1.000 1.000 Pulp R

 Full comment: Pulp Residues

9500023000 O Banana 0.800000 1.000 1.000 

9500023001 O Banana-babyfood 0.800000 1.000 1.000 

9500024000 O Banana, dried 0.800000 2.400 1.000 

9500024001 O Banana, dried-babyfood 0.800000 2.400 1.000 

9500283000 O Plantain 0.800000 1.000 1.000 

9500284000 O Plantain, dried 0.800000 2.400 1.000 
Thiram Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment DP# 418045

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 14 of 14

Attachment 4 - Results of Partially Refined Chronic Dietary Analysis for Thiram

U.S. EPA Ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for THIRAM NHANES 2003-2008 2-day

Residue file name: C:\Documents and Settings\tmorton\My Documents\MyFiles\DEEM Files\079801 

Thiram\Strawberry\079801 Chronic Average FT 100PCT Washing Studies Food And Water.R08

 Adjustment factor #2 used.

Analysis Date 02-12-2014/13:17:16 Residue file dated: 02-12-2014/13:15:36

Reference dose (RfD, Chronic) = .015 mg/kg bw/day

===============================================================================

 Total exposure by population subgroup

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total Exposure

 -----------------------------------

 Population mg/kg Percent of 

 Subgroup body wt/day Rfd 

-------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------

Total US Population 0.002257 15.0%

Hispanic 0.003026 20.2%

Non-Hisp-White 0.002150 14.3%

Non-Hisp-Black 0.001847 12.3%

Non-Hisp-Other 0.002652 17.7%

Nursing Infants 0.004460 29.7%

Non-Nursing Infants 0.007655 51.0%

Female 13+ PREG 0.001931 12.9%

Children 1-6 0.008836 58.9%

Children 7-12 0.003265 21.8%

Male 13-19 0.001428 9.5%

Female 13-19/NP 0.001621 10.8%

Male 20+ 0.001289 8.6%

Female 20+/NP 0.001492 9.9%

Seniors 55+ 0.001697 11.3%

All Infants 0.006669 44.5%

Female 13-50 0.001346 9.0%

Children 1-2 0.012007 80.0%

Children 3-5 0.007575 50.5%

Children 6-12 0.003633 24.2%

Youth 13-19 0.001523 10.2%

Adults 20-49 0.001225 8.2%

Adults 50-99 0.001653 11.0%

Female 13-49 0.001335 8.9%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------