II 

118TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 2950 

To align the fiscal year with the calendar year. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

SEPTEMBER 27 (legislative day, SEPTEMBER 22), 2023 

Mr. KAINE introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 

A BILL 

To align the fiscal year with the calendar year. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. CHANGE OF FISCAL YEAR. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.— 

5 (1) CHANGE OF CALENDAR PERIOD.—Section 

6 1102 of title 31, United States Code, is amended— 

7 (A) by striking ‘‘October 1’’ and inserting 

8 ‘‘January 1’’; and 

9 (B) by striking ‘‘September 30 of the fol10 lowing year’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31 of 

11 that year’’. 


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1 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 

2 by paragraph (1) shall take effect on January 1, 

3 2026. 

4 (b) TRANSITION TO NEW FISCAL YEAR.— 

5 (1) TRANSITION PERIOD BUDGET.—As soon as 

6 practicable, the President shall prepare and submit 

7 to Congress— 

8 (A) after consultation with the Committee 

9 on the Budget and the Committee on Appro10 priations of the House of Representatives and 

11 the Committee on the Budget and the Com12 mittee on Appropriations of the Senate, budget 

13 estimates for the Federal Government for the 

14 period commencing October 1, 2025, and end15 ing on December 31, 2025, in such form and 

16 detail as the President may determine; and 

17 (B) proposed legislation the President con18 siders appropriate with respect to changes in 

19 law necessary to provide authorizations of ap20 propriations for that period. 

21 (2) AGENCY TRANSITION.—The Director of the 

22 Office of Management and Budget shall— 

23 (A) provide by regulation, order, or other24 wise for the orderly transition by all depart25 ments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the 


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1 Federal Government and the government of the 

2 District of Columbia from the use of the fiscal 

3 year in effect on the date of the enactment of 

4 this Act to the use of the new fiscal year pre5 scribed under the amendments made by sub6 section (a); and 

7 (B) prepare and submit to Congress such 

8 additional proposed legislation as the Director 

9 considers necessary to accomplish the orderly 

10 transition to such new fiscal year. 

11 (c) ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES.— 

12 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1552(a) of title 31, 

13 United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘Sep14 tember 30’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31’’. 

15 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made 

16 by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any fis17 cal year commencing on or after January 1, 2026. 

18 (d) CONVERSION OF AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPRO19 PRIATIONS.—Any law providing for an authorization of 

20 appropriations commencing on October 1 of a year shall, 

21 if that year is any year after 2025, be considered as mean22 ing January 1 of the following year. Any law providing 

23 for an authorization of appropriations ending on Sep24 tember 30 of a year shall, if that year is any year after 

25 2025, be considered as meaning December 31 of that year. 


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1 Any law providing for an authorization of appropriations 

2 for the fiscal year 2026 or any fiscal year thereafter shall 

3 be construed as referring to that fiscal year ending on De4 cember 31 of the calendar year having the same calendar 

5 year number as the fiscal year number. 

6 (e) TITLE OF APPROPRIATION ACTS.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 105 of title 1, 

8 United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘Sep9 tember 30’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31’’. 

10 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made 

11 by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any fis12 cal year commencing on or after January 1, 2026. 

13 SEC. 2. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.— 

15 (1) Section 202(e) of the Congressional Budget 

16 and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 

17 602(e)) is amended— 

18 (A) in paragraph (1), in the first sen19 tence— 

20 (i) by striking ‘‘February 15’’ and in21 serting ‘‘May 15’’; and 

22 (ii) by striking ‘‘October 1 of that 

23 year’’ and inserting ‘‘January 1 of the next 

24 calendar year’’; and 

25 (B) in paragraph (3)— 


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1 (i) by striking ‘‘On or before January 

2 15 of each year’’ and inserting ‘‘On or be3 fore April 15 of each year’’; 

4 (ii) by striking ‘‘September 30’’ each 

5 place it appears and inserting ‘‘December 

6 31’’; and 

7 (iii) by striking ‘‘October 1 of that 

8 calendar year’’ and inserting ‘‘January 1 

9 of the next calendar year’’. 

10 (2) Section 300 of the Congressional Budget 

11 Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 631) is amended to read as 

12 follows: 

13 ‘‘SEC. 300. TIMETABLE. 

14 ‘‘The timetable with respect to the congressional 

15 budget process is as follows: 

‘‘On or before: Action to be completed: 

First Monday in May ................ President submits to Congress the budget of 

the President. 

May 15 ....................................... Congressional Budget Office submits report 

to Budget Committees. 

Not later than 6 weeks after 

President submits budget.

Committees submit views and estimates to 

Budget Committees. 

July 1 ......................................... Senate Budget Committee reports concurrent 

resolution on the budget. 

July 15 ....................................... Congress completes action on concurrent resolution on the budget. 

August 15 .................................. Annual appropriation bills may be considered 

in the House. 

September 10 ............................. House appropriations Committee reports last 

annual appropriation bill. 

September 15 ............................. Congress completes action on reconciliation 

legislation. 

September 30 ............................. House completes action on annual appropriation bills. 

January 1 .................................. Fiscal year begins.’’. 


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1 (3) Section 301(a) of the Congressional Budget 

2 Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 632(a)) is amended, in the 

3 matter preceding paragraph (1)— 

4 (A) by striking the first sentence and in5 serting ‘‘On or before July 15 of each year, the 

6 Congress shall complete action on a concurrent 

7 resolution on the budget for the fiscal year be8 ginning on January 1 of the following year.’’; 

9 and 

10 (B) in the second sentence, by striking 

11 ‘‘October 1 of such year’’ and inserting ‘‘Janu12 ary 1 of the following year’’. 

13 (4) Section 302 of the Congressional Budget 

14 Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 633) is amended— 

15 (A) in subsection (a)(5), by striking ‘‘April 

16 15’’ and inserting ‘‘July 15’’; and 

17 (B) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ‘‘April 

18 15’’ and inserting ‘‘July 15’’. 

19 (5) Section 303(b)(2) of the Congressional 

20 Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 634(b)(2)) is amend21 ed by striking ‘‘May 15’’ and inserting ‘‘August 15’’. 

22 (6) Section 307 of the Congressional Budget 

23 Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 638 et seq.) is amended— 

24 (A) in the section heading, by striking 

25 ‘‘JUNE 10’’ and inserting ‘‘SEPTEMBER 10’’; 


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1 (B) by striking ‘‘June 10’’ and inserting 

2 ‘‘September 10’’; and 

3 (C) by striking ‘‘October 1 of that year’’ 

4 and inserting ‘‘January 1 of the next year’’. 

5 (7) Section 309 of the Congressional Budget 

6 Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 640) is amended, in the first 

7 sentence— 

8 (A) by striking ‘‘July’’ and inserting ‘‘Oc9 tober’’; and 

10 (B) by striking ‘‘October 1 of such year’’ 

11 and inserting ‘‘January 1 of the next year’’. 

12 (8) Section 310(f) of the Congressional Budget 

13 Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 641(f)) is amended— 

14 (A) by striking ‘‘July’’ and inserting ‘‘Oc15 tober’’; and 

16 (B) by striking ‘‘the fiscal year beginning 

17 on October 1 of the calendar year to which the 

18 adjournment resolution pertains’’ and inserting 

19 ‘‘the fiscal year beginning on January 1 of the 

20 calendar year after the calendar year to the ad21 journment resolution pertains’’. 

22 (9) The table of contents in section 1(b) of the 

23 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control 

24 Act of 1974 is amended by striking the item relating 

25 to section 307 and inserting the following: 


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‘‘Sec. 307. House committee action on all appropriation bills to be completed 

by September 10.’’. 

1 (10) Section 250(c)(12) of the Balanced Budg2 et and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 

3 U.S.C. 900(c)(12)) is amended by striking ‘‘October 

4 1 of the calendar year in which that session begins’’ 

5 and inserting ‘‘January 1 of the calendar year after 

6 the year in which that session begins’’. 

7 (11) Section 1105(a) of title 31, United States 

8 Code, is amended in the matter preceding paragraph 

9 (1) by striking ‘‘On or after the first Monday in 

10 January but not later than the first Monday in Feb11 ruary of each year’’ and inserting ‘‘Not later than 

12 the first Monday in May of each year’’. 

13 (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 

14 subsection (a) shall apply with respect to any fiscal year 

15 commencing on or after January 1, 2026. 

Æ 


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