Accessory lithologic

component

Accessory lithologic

component

Accessory lithologic

component

Accessory lithologic

component

Accessory lithologic

component

Accessory lithologic

component

Accessory lithologic

component

Rudstone Floatstone

Marl

Chalky

Organic 

 material

Gravel Carbonate 

 grains

Chert

Base of brackish groundwater

Base of brackish groundwater

Surficial

aquifer

system

Upper

Floridan

aquifer

Avon Park 

permeable zone

Lower Floridan aquifer

uppermost major permeable zone

Intermediate 

confining unit

Middle

semiconfining unit 1

Middle

semiconfining unit 2

Lower Floridan

confining unit

? ? ? ?

? ?

? ?

? ?

? ?

Peace River 

Formation

(? --Upper boundary not determined)

Upper Avon Park

Formation

Avon Park sequence 2 (AP2) 

Avon Park sequence 1 (AP1)

?

Upper Arcadia 

Formation

Upper-middle Avon Park

Formation

Arcadia sequences 1 and 2 (AR1, AR2)

?-base unknown

Lower Arcadia 

Formation

Lower-middle Avon Park

Formation

Lower Avon Park

Formation

Arcadia sequences 3 and 4 (AR3, AR4)

7.1 Miles 6.1 Miles 3.2 Miles 1.2 Miles

Tie well with 

section A-A׳ Tie well with 

section C-C′

3.1 Miles 3.9 Miles

Land surface

–1,200

–1,600

–1,800

–2,000

–100

–200

–300

–400

–500

–600

–700

–800

–900

–1,000

–1,100

–1,300

–1,400

–1,500

–1,700

–1,900

–2,100

–2,200

–2,400

–2,300

Altitude, feet below NGVD 29 

Z'

NORTH

Z

SOUTH 

–1,200

–1,600

–1,800

–2,000

–100

–200

–300

–400

–500

–600

–700

–800

–900

–1,000

–1,100

–1,300

–1,400

–1,500

–1,700

–1,900

–2,100

–2,200

–2,400

–2,300

Altitude, feet below NGVD 29 

Land surface

Datum

NGVD 29

Datum

NGVD 29

Spontanious potential, 

in millivolts

Spontanious potential, 

in millivolts

Intermediate confining unit

Middle semiconfining unit

Surficial aquifer system

Upper Floridan aquifer

Avon Park permeable zone

Lower Floridan aquifer 

 uppermost major 

 permeable zone 

Hydrogeologic unit

Lithostratigraphic and sequence 

 stratigraphic unit upper boundaries

Avon Park Formation

Avon Park sequence 1–

 ? Indicates depth is less certain 

 because well does not have 

 borehole geophysical image log data

Upper middle Avon Park Formation

Lower Avon Park Formation

Lower Arcadia Formation

Arcadia Formation

Altitude of land surface, in 

 feet above National Geodetic 

 Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). 

Arcadia sequences 1 and 2

Lower middle Avon Park Formation

Lower Floridan aquifer

 confining unit

EXPLANATION

LANDMSL

?

EXPLANATION FOR BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL DATA CURVES

Description Abbreviation for

geophysical tool or device

Unit of 

measure Description

CAL

GR (spliced)1

SP or ES

Sonic DT

XCAL, YCAL 

Caliper

Gamma ray

Spontaneous potential

Sonic interval transit time or 

delta t (compensated)

X-caliper and Y-caliper

(both on same tool and 90 degrees apart)

in.

GAPI

mV

μsec/ft

in. 

Inch

American Petroleum Institute

Standard Units

Millivolts

Microseconds per foot

Inch 

Resistivity long normal 

(AM electode spacing = 64 inches) RLN2 ohm-m Ohm-meter

Ohm-meter

Ohm-meter

Ohm-meter

Ohm-meter

ohm-m

ohm-m

ohm-m

ohm-m

Resistivity short normal 

(AM electode spacing = 16 inches) RSN2

RILD3 Resistivity induction deep 

(Deep radius of investigation)

RILM3 Resistivity induction medium 

(Medium radius of investigation)

RLL33 Resistivity laterolog 3 

(Shallow focused resistivity)

1 (spliced) indicates more than one data collection interval is included. If intervals overlap, splicing was done at the deepest depth of the upper interval. 2 Devices run on electrical resistivity tool.

3 Devices run on dual-induction and shallow resistivity tool. 

Lithologic description from Geraghty and Miller, Inc. (1990a) 

Lithologic description from Camp, Dresser, and McKee, Inc. (2010) 

Salinity boundary

Base of brackish groundwater

Quartz sandstone

Limestone

Moldic porosity

Silty

No sample

Wackestone

Crystals or 

 crystalline

Calcareous

Primary lithology

Accessory lithologic components or modifiers

Quartz sand

Shell bed

Lime mudstone

Sucrosic Fossils or 

 fossiliferous

Sandy

Siltstone

Grainstone

Vuggy

 porosity

Clayey

No data or lithologic

 description not used

Dolomite

Clay

Packstone

Phosphatic

Dolomitic

Claystone

Open hole interval over which no flow zones 

were identified

Flow zone interpretated from borehole flowmeter 

 and fluid properties geophysical data

Interval not evaluated for flow

Deeper interval not evaluated for flow

Open hole 

 interval over 

 which flow 

 was evalulated

Drilled-cuttings samples 

 described in this study

 by R.S. Reese–Shown 

 in depth track of well

Open hole interval over which no flow zones 

were identified

Chert

Floatstone

Pellets or 

 pelletal

G-2968 (site 8) 

LANDMSL: 12.5 feet

0 100

45 75

45 75

0 20

0 20

180

120

80

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,300

Flow zone

Hydrogeologic unit

Lithology

Depth, in feet

below land suface

Sonic DT, in μsec/ft

Lithologic description not used

Lithologic description for interval from 800 to 1,300 feet below land 

surface is from this study; remainder is from Camp, Dresser, and 

McKee, Inc. (2008) 

Upper boundary for Avon Park sequence 1 from sonic geophysical data 

collected in well G-2969 at the same site

G-2986 (site 9) 

LANDMSL: 13 feet

GR (spliced), in GAPI GR, in GAPI

XCAL shallow, in inches

YCAL shallow, in inches

XCAL shallow, in inches

YCAL shallow, in inches

XCAL, in inches

YCAL, in inches

0 150

0 30

0 30

GR shallow, in GAPI

0 150

0 20

0 20

160

120

60

RILM, in ohm-m

0 100

RLL3, in ohm-m

0 100

RILD, in ohm-m

0 100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

Lithology

Depth, in feet

below land suface

Flow zone

Hydrogeologic unit

Sonic DT, in μsec/ft

Lithologic description not used

XCAL deep (spliced), 

in inches

YCAL deep (spliced), 

in inches

BCN-I1(site 1) 

LANDMSL: 14.35 feet

GR (spliced), in GAPI

0 100

XCAL (spliced), in inches

0 70

YCAL (spliced), in inches

0 70

140

120

40

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,500

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

Flow zones determined above 1,880 feet from geophysical data collected in 

BCN-M3 and BCN-M4, and below 1,940 feet from BCN-I1 Lithology

Flow zone

Hydrogeologic unit

Sonic DT, in μsec/ft

Depth, in feet

below land suface

Lithologic description not used

G-2938 (BF-1, W-17013, site 6) 

LANDMSL: 9.38 feet

0 150

0 30

140

120

40

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

GR, in GAPI 

Caliper, in inches

Sonic DT, in μsec/ft

Lithology

Flow zone

Hydrogeologic unit

Depth, in feet

below land suface

Flow zones determined from geophysical data collected in G-2940 and G-2939 monitoring wells, 

and from a packer hydraulic test in G-2938 for the Lower Floridan aquifer, uppermost major permeable zone.

Lithologic description for interval from 0 to 1,035 feet below land surface is from

Florida Geological Survey for W-17013 (G-2938) at URL http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/gisdatamaps/litholog-temp.htm; 

remainder is from Lukasiewicz (2003). 

Upper boundary for Avon Park sequence 1 from digital optical borehole image data collected in well G-2940 at the same site

Flowmeter and borehole fluid data not collected

G-2970 (site 12) 

LANDMSL: 8.2 feet

0 200

0 20

300 500

210 230

70

120

170

RSN, in ohm-m

0 15

RLN, in ohm-m

0 15

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

Lithology

Flow zone

Hydrogeologic unit

Depth, in feet

below land suface

Lithologic description not used

G-2961 (site 19)

LANDMSL: 6.4 feet

0 100

0 30

0 30 160

120

200

60

100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

GR shallow from G-2962, 

0 in GAPI 50

Lithologic descriptions are from G-2962 for 0 to 1,800 feet and 

from G-2961 for 1,800 to 2,160 feet and are from Hazen and Sawyer, P.C. (2003)

120

Lithology

Flow zone

Hydrogeologic unit

Depth, in feet

below land suface

Sonic DT deep, in μsec/ft

Sonic DT shallow from 

G-2962, in μsec/ft

GR deep, in GAPI

YCAL, in inches

XCAL, in inches

Lithologic description not used

Upper boundaries of lithostratigraphic units from well G-2962 at same site.

G-2973 (site 15) 

LANDMSL: 9.4 feet

YCAL (spliced) deep, 

0 in inches 30 160 120 60

Flow zones for HAL-RO1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

Lithology

Flow zones for G-2973

Hydrogeologic unit

Depth, in feet

below land suface

Sonic DT (spliced), 

in μsec/ft

GR, in GAPI

CAL, in inches

Sonic DT, in μsec/ft

GR shallow (HAL-RO1) 

0 in GAPI 200

GR (spliced) deep, in GAPI

0 60

XCAL shallow, in inches

40 60

XCAL (spliced) deep, 

0 in inches 30

YCAL shallow, in inches

40 60

Lithologic description not used

Upper boundaries of Arcadia Formation, lower Arcadia Formation,

and Arcadia sequence 2 from well HAL-RO1 at same site. Upper boundary 

of Avon Park Formation from well G-2974 at same site.

Lithologic description from Hazen and Sawyer, P.C. (2007) 

PALM BEACH

BROWARD

BROWARD

MIAMI-DADE

A

TLANTIC OCEAN

Sawgrass Expressway

Florida's Turnpike

0 2.5 5 MILES

0 2.5 5 KILOMETERS

80°20' 80°10'

26°20'

26°10'

26°00'

A'

C'

Z'

A

Z

C

G-2973

G-2968

SUN-I3

G-2916

G-2938

BCN-I1

PB-1775

PB-1766

G-2981

HAL-RO1

PLT-ROI1

G-2971

G-2984

G-2986

G-2985

NORTH NEW 

RIVER CANAL

G-2970

G-2961

EXPLANATION

Stratigraphic and hydrogeologic section line -- this plate

G-2973 Well and number

FTL-I4

75

95

595

1 441

1

Z Z'

A A' Stratigraphic and hydrogeologic section line -- other plates

Prepared in cooperation with 

Broward County

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

OPEN-FILE REPORT 2013–1141

Stratigraphic and hydrogeologic section Z–Z' —Plate 3

Preliminary stratigraphic and hydrogeologic cross sections and seismic profile of the Floridan aquifer system of Broward County, Florida

 By Ronald S. Reese and Kevin J. Cunningham

By 

Ronald S. Reese and Kevin J. Cunningham

2013

Preliminary Stratigraphic and Hydrogeologic Cross Sections and Seismic Profile of the 

Floridan Aquifer System of Broward County, Florida 

Flow zones evaluated in open hole intervals 

using borehole flowmeter and fluid properties 

geophysical data and shown in the 

flow zones column