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                        Developing Safety Plans: A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners


            
            In This Section
        Roadway Departure Safety
                Strategic Approach
                                Strategic Plan
                Crash Emphasis Brochures
                Focused Approach
                Noteworthy Practices
                Partner Resources
                Keep Vehicles on the Road
                                Pavement Friction
                Horizontal Curve Safety
                Rumble Strips and Rumble Stripes
                Nighttime Visibility
                Provide for a Safe Recovery
                                SafetyEdge
                Clear Zones
                Reduce Crash Severity
                                Overview
                Hardware Eligibility Letters
                Focus on Reducing Rural Roadway Departures (FoRRRwD)
                                Overview
                All Public Roads
                Proven Countermeasures
                Systemic Approach
                Safety Action Plans
                FoRRRwD Resources
                
                Appendix B: Sample Emphasis Areas
Appendix B: Sample Emphasis Areas

Emphasis Area
			Measure(s)
			Potential StrategiesReduce Distracted Driving
			Reduce annual distracted driving crashes from 100 in 2010 to 90 or fewer in 2020 (a 10-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual distracted driving injuries from 40 in 2010 to fewer than 36 in 2010 (a 10-percentreduction).
			Develop a public outreach campaign that coincides with other jurisdictions’ efforts to raise awareness about distracted driving.
				Reduce roadside distractions.
				Pass and enforce legislation that specifically penalizes distracted driving, including making
				distracted driving a subsection of negligent driving.
				Increase the use of techniques that limit the frequency and severity.Increase Occupant Protection
			Reduce annual unrestrained crashes from 20 in 2008 to 5 or fewer in 2018 (a 75-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual unrestrained injuries from 16 in 2008 to fewer than 4 in 2018 (a 75-percent reduction).
				Increase safety belt use from 75 percent in 2008 to 90 percent or greater in 2018 (a 17-percent increase).
			Develop an incentive/recognition program for law enforcement efforts.
				Conduct an enforcement program that targets pickup truck drivers and passengers.
				Conduct sustained high-visibility enforcement initiatives.
				Continue current best practice enforcement and educational programs (e.g., Chiefs’ Challenge, Click It or Ticket).
				Provide more paid media campaigns in local publications.
				Conduct outreach to teens.Reduce Impaired Driving
			Reduce annual alcohol-related crashes from 9 in 2009 to 3 or fewer in 2014 (a 67-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual impaired driving injuries from 10 in 2009 to fewer than 2 in 2014 (an 80-percent reduction).
			Increase the number and effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints and targeted enforcement.
				Enact stronger and more effective legislation, such as license suspension or mandatory ignition interlocks for first time offenders.
				Develop educational programs targeting specific audiences, such as elementary and middle school students, or the 18-to-34 year-old age group.
				Create effective media campaigns in both visual and print media.Speed Management
			Reduce annual aggressive driving injuries from 24 in 2009 to fewer than 20 in 2014 (a 17-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual fatalities involving excessive speed from 15 in 2009 to 10 or fewer in 2014 (a 50 percent reduction).
				Reduce annual injuries involving excessive speed from 100 in 2009 to fewer than 75 in 2014 (a 25-percent reduction).
			Change the driving culture by conducting and supporting public education and outreach activities that elevate the awareness of the dangers of aggressive driving.
				Educate the judiciary and elected officials on the risks associated with aggressive driving.
				Communicate the factors associated with aggressive driving to the transportation engineering and planning communities.
				Increase enforcement targeting aggressive driving.Develop Safe Teen Drivers
			Reduce annual crashes involving teen drivers from 200 in 2009 to 150 or fewer in 2020 (a 25-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual injuries involving teen drivers from 50 in 2009 to fewer than 25 in 2020 (a 50-percent reduction).
			Review, evaluate, and improve the driver preparation program.
				Develop a program to increase enforcement, prosecution, and adjudication of young driver traffic law violations.
				Identify opportunities for engineering solutions to prevent young driver crashes through road safety audits and other measures.Eliminate Highcrash Locations
			
			Conduct a public information and education campaign targeting the various aspects of hazardous locations.
				Identify best practices and innovative enforcement techniques to eliminate highcrash locations in high-crash pedestrian locations and in work zones.
				Conduct road safety audits targeting high-risk pedestrian and intersection locations to determine the contributing crash factors and identify effective countermeasures.
				Develop and implement projects to reduce or eliminate safety hazards or otherwise to enhance safety for road users.Reduce Roadway/Lane Departures
			Reduce annual run-offthe-road fatalities from 8 in 2009 to 4 or fewer in 2020 (a 50-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual run-offthe-road injuries from 40 in 2009 to fewer than 30 in 2020 (a 25-percent reduction).
			Implement stricter law enforcement of motor vehicle laws and increase fines for serious violations that result in run-off-the road crashes (e.g., driving too fast for conditions).
				Improve data collection and analysis for fatal and injury run-off-the-road crashes to provide critical information to transportation planners and engineers.
				Evaluate pavement strategies to reduce speed and increase friction (e.g., pavement type, pavement application method, pavement marking spacing).
				Improve traffic control strategies to provide positive guidance to keep vehicles on the road.
				Implement forgiving roadway designs that mitigate the impact of cars leaving the road.Improve Incident Response
			Reduce crash injury mortality by 10 percent or greater by 2015.
			Improve electronic data and voice communications for emergency response.
				Improve resource deployment for emergency service response.
				Develop a safer, faster EMS response.
				Improve crash scene safety.
				Improve patient care.Improve Intersection Safety
			Reduce annual intersection-related fatalities from 12 in 2009 to 6 or fewer in 2020 (a 50-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual intersection-related injuries from 60 in 2009 to fewer than 45 in 2020 (a 25-percent reduction).
			Reduce the number of conflict points and provide better guidance for motorists at intersections.
				Develop a system to track and evaluate countermeasure effectiveness at high-crash intersections.
				Encourage more multidisciplinary collaboration at the State and local level on intersection safety.
				Create intersection safety checklists for existing conditions and new design.Increase Non-Motorized Road User Safety
			Reduce annual pedestrian injuries from 15 in 2009 to fewer than 10 in 2015 (a 33-percent reduction).
			Conduct public education and outreach to motorists to raise their awareness of pedestrian and bicyclist safety needs.
				Conduct periodic roadway safety assessments of locations with growing traffic and pedestrian volumes and locations at greatest risk for pedestrian fatalities and injuries, and share information with other local partners.
				Implement effective countermeasures for problem areas as determined by roadway safety assessments.
				Educate the judiciary on the importance of penalties for violation of pedestrian laws.
				Identify opportunities for alternate funding; for instance, the Safe Routes to School Program.Increase Safe Driving Behaviors in Older Drivers
			Reduce annual fatalities involving drivers 65 years or older from 12 in 2009 to 8 or fewer in 2020 (a 33-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual injuries involving drivers 65 years or older from 120 in 2009 to less than 100 in 2015 (a 17-percent reduction).
			Develop effective methods to identify at-risk older drivers.
				Develop enhanced training for emergency service personnel on the proper assessment and triage of older persons at crash scenes.
				Incorporate the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Older Driver and Pedestrian Guidelines into the local design guidelines.Reduce Nighttime Crashes
			Reduce annual nighttime fatalities from 36 in 2009 to 32 or fewer in 2015 (an 11-percent reduction).
				Reduce annual nighttime injuries from 96 in 2009 to fewer than 80 in 2015 (a 17-percent reduction).
			Review, evaluate, and replace signage showing wear or reduced retroreflectivity.
				Review and evaluate locations exhibiting higher incidence of nighttime crashes for possible supplementary lighting.Improve Crash Data Reporting
			Improve crash report submission time from 90 days to 30 days.
			Identify best practices in crash reporting, as well as barriers to complete, accurate, and timely information.
				Standardize crash reporting policies and protocols for all agencies operating within the jurisdiction.
				Identify tools to increase timely and accurate reporting (e.g., GPS devices and laptops in responding vehicles).
      
  Book traversal links for Appendix B: Sample Emphasis Areas
      ‹ Appendix A: Template for Kickoff Meeting Agenda
                    Up
                    Appendix C: Emphasis Area Table ›
                
                Book:Developing Safety Plans: A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners
              Executive Summary
                Introduction
                1. The Importance of Developing a Local Road Safety Plan
                2. Understanding the Process of Developing a Local Road Safety Plan
                3. Common Issues, Opportunities, and Challenges
                4. Case Studies
                5. Summary
                Appendix A: Template for Kickoff Meeting Agenda
                Appendix B: Sample Emphasis Areas
                Appendix C: Emphasis Area Table
                Appendix D: Template for an LRSP
                Appendix E: Resources U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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