Page 1 of 12
**Subpart S —**  **Lime Manufacturing**

(a) Lime manufacturing plants (LMPs) engage in the manufacture of a lime product ( § 98.190 Definition of the source category.

e.g.

(b) This source category includes all LMPs unless the LMP is located at a kraft pulp mill, soda pulp mill, sulfite pulp mill, or only processes sludge containing calcium carbonate from water softening processes. The lime manufacturing source category consists of marketed and non

- marketed lime manufacturing facilities. , calcium oxide, high

- calcium quicklime, calcium hydroxide, hydrated lime, dolomitic quicklime, dolomitic hydrate, or other lime products) by calcination of limestone, dolomite, shells or other calcareous substances as defined in 40 CFR 63.7081(a)(1).

(c) Lime kilns at pulp and paper manufacturing facilities must report emissions under subpart AA of this part (Pulp and Paper Manufacturing).

You must report GHG emis sions under this subpart if your facility is a lime manufacturing plant as defined in §98.190 and the facility meets the requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (a)(2). § 98.191 Reporting threshold.

You must report: § 98.192 GHGs to report.Page 2 of 12
(a) CO 2 (b) CO process emissions from lime kilns.

2 (c) N emission s from fuel combustion at lime kilns.

2 O and CH 4

(d) CO emissions from fuel combustion at each lime kiln. You must report these emissions under 40 CFR part 98, subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).

2 , N 2 O, and CH 4

(e) CO emission s from each stationary fuel combustion unit other than lime kilns. You must report these emissions under 40 CFR part 98, subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).

2 collected and transferred off site under 40 CFR part 98, following the requirements of subpart PP of this part (Suppliers of Carbon Dioxide ( CO 2 ) ).

You must calculate and report the annual process CO § 98.193 Calculating GHG emissions.

2

(a) If all lime kilns meet the conditions specified in §98.33(b)(4)(ii) or (b)(4)(iii), you must calculate and report under this subpart the combined process and combustion CO emission s from all lime kilns combined using the procedure in paragraphs (a) and (b) of th is section.

2 emission s from all lime kilns by operating and maintaining a
CEMS to measure CO 2 emission s according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).Page 3 of 12
(b) If CEMS are not required to be used to determine CO 2 emission s from all lime kilns under paragraph (a) of this section, then you must calculate and report the process and combustion CO 2

(1) Calculate and report under this subpart the combined process and combustion CO emission s from the lime kilns by using the procedures in either paragrap h (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.

2 emission s from all lime kilns by operating and maintaining a CEMS to measure CO 2

(2) Calculate and report process and combustion CO emission s from all lime kilns according to the Tier 4 C alculation Methodology specified in §98.33(a)(4) and all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).

2

(i) You must calculate a monthly emission factor for each type of lime produced using Equation S

– 1 of this section. Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content must be analyzed monthly for each lime product type that is produced: emission s from all lime kilns separately using the procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(v) of this section.

Where:

EF LIME,i,n = Emission factor for lime type i, for month n (metric tons CO 2 / ton lime).Page 4 of 12

SR CaO = Stoichiometric ratio of CO 2 and CaO for calcium carbonate [ see Table S

– 1 of this subpart] (metric tons CO 2 SR / metric tons CaO).
MgO = Stoichiometric ratio of CO 2 and MgO for magnesium carbonate ( See Table S

– 1 of this subpart) (metric tons CO 2 CaO / metric tons MgO).
i,n

MgO = Calcium oxide content for lime type i, for month n, determined according to §98.194(c) (metric tons CaO/metric ton lime).
i,n

2000/2205 = Conversion factor for tons to metric t ons. = Magnesium oxide content for lime type i, for month n, determined according to §98.194(c) (metric tons MgO/metric ton lime).
(ii) You must calculate a monthly emission factor for each type of calcined byproduct / or waste sold (including lime kiln dust) using Equation S

– 2 of this section:

Where:

EF LKD,i,n = Emission factor for calcined lime byproduct / or waste type i sold, for month n (metric tons CO 2 SR / ton lime byproduct).

CaO = Stoichiometric ratio of CO 2 and CaO for calcium carbonate ( see Table S

– 1 of this subpart((metric tons CO 2 SR / metric tons CaO).
MgO = Stoichiometric ratio of CO 2 and MgO for magnesium carbonate ( See Table S

– 1 of this subpart) (metric tons CO 2 CaO / metric tons MgO).
LKD,i,n =

MgO Calcium oxide content for calcined lime byproduct / or waste type i sold, for month n (metric tons CaO/metric ton lime).
LKD,i,n =

2000/2205 = Conversion factor for tons to metric tons. Magnesium oxide content for calcined lime byproduct/ byproduct or waste type i sold, for month n (metric tons MgO/metric ton lime).Page 5 of 12
(iii) You must calculate the annual CO 2 emission s from each type of calcined byproduct / or waste that is not sol d (including lime kiln dust and scrubber sludge) using Equation S

– 3 of this section:

Where:

E waste,i = Annual CO 2 emission s for calcined lime byproduct / or waste type i that is not sold (metric tons CO 2 SR )
.
CaO = Stoichiometric ratio of CO 2 and CaO for calcium carbonate ( see Table S

– 1 of this subpart) (metric tons CO 2 SR / metric tons CaO).
MgO = Stoichiometric ratio of CO 2 and MgO for magnesium carbonate ( See Table S

– 1 of this subpart) (metric tons CO 2 CaO / metric tons MgO).
waste,i

MgO = Calcium oxide cont ent for calcined lime byproduct / or waste type i that is not sold (metric tons CaO/metric ton lime).
waste,i

M = Magnesium oxide content for calcined lime byproduct / or waste type i that is not sold (metric tons MgO/metric ton lime).
waste,i

2000/2205 = Conversion factor for tons to metric tons. = Annual weight or mass of calcined byproducts / or wastes for lime type i that is not sold (tons).

(iv) You must calculate annual CO 2 process emissions for all lime k ilns using Equation S

– 4 of this section:

Where:Page 6 of 12

E CO 2 = Annual CO 2

EF process emissions from lime production from all lime kilns (metric tons/year).
LIME,i,n = Emission factor for lime type i produced, in calendar month n (metric tons CO 2

M / ton lime) from Equation S

– 1 of this section.
LIME,i,n

EF = Weight or mass of lime type i produced in calendar month n (tons).
LKD,i,n = Emission factor of calcined byproducts / or wastes sold for lime type i in calendar month n, (metric tons CO 2

M / ton byproduct / or waste) f rom Equation S

– 2 of this section.
LKD,i,n

E = Monthly weight or mass of calcined byproducts / or waste sold (such as lime kiln dust, LKD) for lime type i in calendar month n (tons).
waste,i = Annual CO 2 emissions for calcined lime byproduct / or waste type i that is not sold (metric tons CO 2
t = Number of lime types produced. ) from Equation S

– 3 of this section.

b = Number of calcined byproducts / or wastes that are sold.

z = Number of calcined byproducts / or wastes that are not sold. (v) Calculate and report u nder subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) the combustion CO 2 emission s from each lime kiln according to the applicable requirements in subpart C.

(a) You must determine the total qu antity of each type of lime product that is produced and each calcined byproduct / or waste (such as lime kiln dust) that is sold. The quantities of each should be directly measured monthly with the same plant Formatted: Subscript

§ 98.194 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.Page 7 of 12 instruments used for accounting purposes, inclu ding but not limited to, calibrated weigh feeders, rail or truck scales, and barge measurements. The direct measurements of each lime product shall be reconciled annually with the difference in the beginning of and end of year inventories for these product s, when measurements represent lime sold. (b) You must determine the annual quantity of each calcined byproduct / or waste generated that is not sold by either direct measurement using the same instruments identified in paragraph (a) of this section or by u sing a calcined byproduct / or waste generation rate. (c) You must determine the chemical composition (percent total CaO and percent total MgO) of each type of lime product that is produced and each type of calcined byproduct / or waste sold according to paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section. You must determine the chemical composition of each type of lime product that is produced and each type of calcined byproduct / or waste sold on a monthly basis. You must determine the chemical composition for each t ype of calcined byproduct / or waste that is not sold on an annual basis. (1) ASTM C25

– 06 Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference

— see §98.7).Page 8 of 12
(2) The National Lime Association's CO 2 emission s Calculation Protocol for the Lime Industry English Units Version, February 5, 2008 Revision

- National Lime Association (incorporated by reference

— see (d) You must use the analysis of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content of each lime p roduct that is produced and that is collected during the same month as the production data in monthly calculations. §98.7).

(e) You must follow the quality assurance/quality control procedures (including documentation) in National Lime Association's CO 2 emission s Calculation Protocol for the Lime Industry English Units Version, February 5, 2008 Revision

— National Lime Association (incorporated by reference

— see §98.7).

For the procedure in §98.193(b)(1), a complete re cord of all measured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations is required ( § 98.195 Procedures for estimating missing data.

e.g. , oxide content, quantity of lime products, etc.). Therefore, whenever a quality

- assured value of a required parameter is unavailable, a substitute data value for the

m issing parameter shall be used in the calculations as specified in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section. You must document and keep records of the procedures used for all such estimates.Page 9 of 12 (a) For each missing value of the quantity of lime produced (by lime type), and quantity of calcined byproduct / or waste produced and sold, the substitute data value shall be the best available estimate based on all available process data or data used for accounting purposes. (b) For missing values related to the CaO and M gO content, you must conduct a new composition test according to the standard methods in §98.194 (c)(1) or (c)(2).

In addition to the information required by §98.3(c), each annual report must contain the information specified in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable. § 98.196 Data reporting requirements.

(a) If a CEMS is used to measure CO 2

(1) Method used to determine the quantity of lime that is produced and quantity of lime that is sold. emission s, then you must report under this subpart the relevant information required by §98.36 and the information listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through ( 8) of this section.

(2) Method used to determine the quantity of calcined lime byproduct / or waste sold. (3) Beginning and end of year inventories for each lime product that is produced, by type. (4) Beginning and end of year inventories for calcined lime byproducts / or wastes sold, by type.Page 10 of 12 (5) Annual amount of calcined lime byproduct / or waste sold, by type (tons). (6) Annual amount of lime product sold, by type (tons). (7) Annual amount of calcined lime byproduct / or waste that is not sold, by type (tons). (8) Annual amount of lime product not sold, by type (tons). (b) If a CEMS is not used to measure CO 2

(1) Annual CO e mission s, then you must report the information listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (17) of this section.

2

(2) Monthly emission factors (metric ton CO process emissions from all lime kilns combined (metric tons).

2

(3) Monthly emission factors for each calcined byproduct /

or waste by lime type that is sold. /ton lime product) for each li me product type produced.

(4) Standard method used (ASTM or NLA testing method) to determine chemical compositions of each lime type produced and each calcined li me byproduct / or waste type. (5) Monthly results of chemical composition analysis of each type of lime product produced and calcined byproduct / or waste sold. (6) Annual results of chemical composition analysis of each type of lime byproduct / or waste that is not sold.Page 11 of 12 (7) Method used to determine the quantity of lime produced and/or lime sold. (8) Monthly amount of lime product sold, by type (tons). (9) Method used to determine the quantity of calcined lime byproduct / or waste sold. (10) Monthly amount of calcined lime byproduct / or waste sold, by type (tons). (11) Annual amount of calcined lime byproduct / or waste that is not sold, by type (tons). (12) Monthly weight or mass of each lime type produced (tons). (13) Beginning and end of year invent ories for each lime product that is produced. (14) Beginning and end of year inventories for calcined lime byproducts / or wastes sold. (15) Annual lime production capacity (tons) per facility. (16) Number of times in the reporting year that missing data pr ocedures were followed to measure lime production (months) or the chemical composition of lime products sold (months). (17) Indicate whether CO 2 was used on

- site ( i.e. , for use in a purification process). If CO 2 was used on

- site, provide the information in paragraphs (b)(17)(i) and (ii) of this section.Page 12 of 12
(i) The annual amount of CO 2

(ii) The method used to determine the amount of CO captured for use in the on

- site
process.

2 captured.

In addition to the records required by §98.3(g), you must retain the records specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. § 98.197 Records that must be retained.

(a) Annual operating hours in calendar year. (b) Records of all analyses ( e.g. chemical composition of lime products, by type) and calculations conducted.

All terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part. § 98.1 98 Definitions.

**Table S –**  **1 to Subpart S of Part 98 —**  **Basic Parameters for the Calculation of Emission Factors for Lime Production**  **Variable Stoichiometr**  **ic ratio** SR CaO 0.7848 SR MgO 1.0918