2018 

U.S. Department of the Interior | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 

Atlantic Science Year in Review 

Ofce of Renewable Energy Programs 
 

2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review 

Overview 

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

funds environmental studies for information needed 

to predict, assess, and manage impacts from ofshore 

energy and marine mineral activities on human, 

marine, and coastal environments as mandated under 

Section 20 of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. 

This year in review presents the studies completed 

in 2018 specifcally in support of BOEM’s Ofshore 

Renewable Energy Program along the Atlantic Coast. 

The studies represent a broad spectrum of research 

and monitoring to address a variety of environmental 

concerns and issues. This review represents a snapshot 

of the ongoing and completed studies funded in whole 

or in part by BOEM. 

To learn more about other studies, please visit the 

BOEM website at www.boem.gov. 

At left: BOEM’s renewable energy lease and planning areas in 

federal waters on the Outer Continental Shelf 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 2 
 

Table of Contents 

Marine Mammals & Other Protected Species 

Inter-disciplinary Study of the Possible Link Between Space Weather, 

Geomagnetic Storms and Cetacean Mass Strandings .... 4 

Birds & Bats 

Tracking Movements of Threatened Migratory Rufa Red Knots in U.S. Atlantic 

Outer Continental Shelf Waters .... 5 

Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable 

Energy Planning ... 6 

Fish & Fisheries 

Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Impacts on Elasmobranch (shark, rays, and skates) 

and American Lobster Movement and Migration from Direct Current Cables ... 7 

Documenting Fish Response to Seismic Surveying and Establishing a Baseline 

Soundscape for Reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina ... 8 

Physical Environment 

Data Gathering Process: Geotechnical Departures for Ofshore Wind Energy ... 9 

Metocean Characterization Recommended Practices for U.S. Ofshore Wind 

Energy ... 10 

Impact Assessment and Mitigation of Ofshore Wind Turbines on High Frequency 

Coastal Oceanographic Radar ... 11 

Environmental Monitoring 

Field Observations during Wind Turbine Foundation Installation at the Block 

Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island ... 12 

Benthic Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block 

Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island ... 13 

Cultural & Archaeological Resources 

Atlantic Ofshore Wind Energy Development: Values and Implications for 

Recreation and Tourism ... 14 

Workshop 

Atlantic Ofshore Renewable Energy Development and Fisheries: Proceedings 

of a Workshop ... 15 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 3 
 

 

Inter-disciplinary Study of the Possible Link Between Space 

Weather, Geomagnetic Storms and Cetacean Mass Strandings 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), NASA, and International Fund for Animal Welfare 

Conducted by: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center 

Key Researchers: A. Pulkkinen, K. Moore, R. Zellar, O. Uritskaya, E. Karakoylu, V. Uritsky, D. Reeb 

Cetacean mass strandings, where numbers of otherwise healthy animals 

beach for no apparent reason, are one of the great mysteries in marine 

biology. Some causes considered are natural, including atmospheric 

weather or oceanic conditions like storms, while other potential causes 

may be by humans, such as from seismic surveys. 

One theory is that marine mammals are responding to geomagnetic 

anomalies. This study explores the correlation between mass strandings 

and geomagnetic storms to determine if this could be an explanation. 

Geomagnetic Storms & Cetacean Mass Stranding 

A correlation between strandings and geomagnetic storms was not detected, 

although the data set is small. 

Findings 

● A correlation between strandings 

and geomagnetic storms was not 

detected, although the data set is 

small. 

● Other environmental factors may 

account for some strandings. 

● Improved data sharing and data 

practices are needed to assist with 

determining the causes of mass 

strandings. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Use the data to look at other 

causes of mass strandings, 

including other natural events 

● Improve our analysis of mass 

strandings and correlations with 

human activities 

Additional information 

Final report: marinecadastre.gov/ 

espis/#/search/study/100145 

Video: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12700 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 4 
 

 

Tracking Movements of Threatened Migratory Rufa Red Knots 

in U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Waters 

Conducted by: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Key Researchers: P. Loring, J. McLaren, P. Smith, L. Niles, S. Koch, H. Goyert, H. Bai 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

Information on the movements and fight altitudes of high-priority avian 

species is essential for estimating exposure to collision risks in ofshore 

wind energy areas and developing strategies to mitigate risks. In this study, 

digital very-high frequency transmitters and an array of automated radio 

telemetry stations were used to track the movements of the rufa red knot, 

a shorebird that is a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. 

The study area encompases a portion of the Atlantic Outer Continental 

Shelf extending from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Back Bay, Virginia. 

Findings 

● Of the 388 tagged birds, 8% were detected passing through one or more 

Wind Energy Areas (WEAs) during fall migration. 

● Most birds departed on migration prior to dusk under clear skies with 

little to no precipitation. 

● Three-quarters of the fights across WEAs were within the rotor swept 

zone (20 to 200 m above the sea surface) of future wind turbines; 

however, the error around the estimated fight heights was very large 

(typically 100 to 200 m). 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Inform environmental reviews and Endangered Species Act consultations 

related to the development of wind energy resources 

● Determine risk of ofshore wind development to migrating red knots 

Additional information 

Final report: marinecadastre.gov/espis/#/search/study/100111 

From top: Pam Loring holding a tagged common tern, nano tag on a common term, 

common tern in fight with nanotag. 

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Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds 

to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning 

Conducted by: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science 

Key Researchers: A. Winship, B. Kinlan, T. White, J. Leirness, J. Christensen 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

From top: Relative distribution of Black-capped 

Petrels with yellow to orange areas indicating 

higher density, Black-capped Petrel in fight 

Marine birds have the potential to be afected by human activities in 

the ocean environment such as ofshore wind energy development. 

This study analyzed sighting survey data from over three decades to 

develop seasonal maps of the spatial distributions of 47 marine bird 

species in U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf and adjacent waters 

from Florida to Maine. The relative importance of diferent predictor 

variables, such as oceanographic conditions or bathymetry, is also 

presented, indicating which variables most infuenced the predicted 

distributions for each species in each season. 

Findings 

● A series of seasonal maps are presented for each of the 47 

marine bird species. 

● The maps identify areas where the densities of marine bird 

species are likely to be higher or lower on a seasonal basis and 

do not present actual numbers of individuals. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Inform planning for ofshore wind development along the 

Atlantic Coast 

● Evaluate plans from ofshore wind developers to inform 

monitoring eforts 

● Inform environmental reviews and Endangered Species Act 

consultations related to the development of the nation’s energy 

resources 

Additional information 

Final report: marinecadastre.gov/espis/#/search/study/100065 

Maps are available here: www.boem.gov/AppendixC/ 

Northeast Ocean Data Portal: www.northeastoceandata.org 

Mid-Atlantic Ocean Data Portal: portal.midatlanticocean.org 
 

 

Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Impacts on Elasmobranch (Shark, Rays, and Skates) 

and American Lobster Movement and Migration from Direct Current Cables 

Conducted by: University of Rhode Island 

Key Researchers: Z. Hutchison, P. Sigray, H. He, A. Gill, J. King, C. Gibson 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

From top: Lobster with tag, skate with 

tag, Swedish Electromagnetic Low-noise 

Apparatus used to measure electric and 

magnetic felds from subsea cables 

EMFs are produced by ofshore renewable energy infrastructure, such as 

submerged power transmission cables, and they have the potential to cause 

ecological efects or impacts on marine organisms. This study investigated 

the efects of EMF on two model organisms: the American lobster (to see if 

the EMF from cables restricts their movements and migration) and the little 

skate, a member of the most electro-sensitive taxa, which may be attracted 

to the EMF from cables, altering their foraging or movement behavior. Field 

surveys of EMF were undertaken on three subsea power cables: two high 

voltage direct current (HVDC) cables and one alternating current cable. This 

study developed a feld experiment using large netted enclosures to assess 

the behavioral response when exposed to the EMF from an HVDC cable. The 

experiment used novel 3D acoustic telemetry to quantify animal movements. 

Findings 

● Field-deployed animal enclosures and acoustic telemetry methods 

successfully allowed the collection of in situ, high frequency, threedimensional positional data on individual animals. 

● The American lobster exhibited a statistically signifcant but subtle change 

in behavioral activity when exposed to the EMF of the HVDC cable. 

● The little skate exhibited a strong behavioral response to the EMF from the 

HVDC cable. 

● EMF associated with the HVDC cable did not constitute a barrier to 

movements across the cable for either lobsters or skates. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Evaluate future wind projects and efects of EMF from the associated cables 

● Characterize the cumulative impacts from multiple wind facilities 

Additional information 

Final report: marinecadastre.gov/espis/#/search/study/100067 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 7 
www.boem.gov |2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review |8 

 

Documenting Fish Response to Seismic Surveying and Establishing 

a Baseline Soundscape for Reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina 

Conducted by: University of North Carolina, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Duke University 

Key Researchers: A. Paxton, C. Voss, C. Peterson, J. Taylor, E. Ebert, B. Degan, D. Nowacek, J. Dale, E. Cole 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

Fish observed on the reef of North Carolina 

Hardbottom reefs that occur on the North Carolina Outer 

Continental Shelf support a diverse community of fshes and 

present an opportunity to test how underwater sound afects 

reef fsh. During September 2014, four ofshore temperate 

reefs within Onslow Bay, NC, were monitored to determine the 

response of reef fshes to a planned scientifc seismic survey. 

Also, fsh and soundscape monitoring stations installed in 

September 2015 of the coast of NC documented the marine 

soundscape and associated fsh communities on artifcial and 

natural reefs of the NC continental shelf over a period of ten 

months. The objective was to provide a baseline record of 

bioacoustics and anthropogenic noise in Onslow Bay, NC. 

Findings 

● Although working with limited data, there is evidence that 

during exposure to seismic noise, the prevailing pattern of 

heavy fsh use of reefs during the evening was suppressed. 

● Reducing opportunities for fsh to 

aggregate causes concern, as this 

reduction could lessen options for 

foraging, mating, or other important life 

history functions. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Quantitatively assess deviations from 

the baseline soundscape conditions that 

may be expected with ofshore energy 

development 

● Inform assessments of sound impacts 

on reef fsh 

Additional information 

Final report: www.boem.gov/BOEM-OCSReport-2018-051 

Deployment of acoustic monitor by divers 
 

 

 

 

Data Gathering Process: Geotechnical Departures for Ofshore 

Wind Energy 

Conducted by: DNV GL | Key Researchers: DNV GL 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

BOEM assesses proposed ofshore wind developments as required 

under 30 CFR part 585. The Construction and Operations Plan (COP) 

submitted by a developer details all planned facilities and activities. The 

COP must demonstrate that the project is being designed, constructed, 

and developed in a manner that conforms with BOEM’s renewable 

energy regulations and should provide adequate information to inform 

BOEM’s National Environmental Policy Act review and other relevant 

legal and regulatory requirements. This report provides guidance 

regarding the assessment of regulatory departure requests related to 

geotechnical investigations for ofshore wind facilities. 

Findings 

● This report describes a phased approach by developers for 

determining a project layout that is used successfully in Europe. 

● The phased approach should include the conceptual geological 

framework, geotechnical parameters, and evaluation of 

geohazards. 

● The proposed methodology will inform BOEM on how to align 

geotechnical requirements with the Design Envelope Approach to 

Construction and Operations Plans. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Evaluate departure requests from current regulations related to 

geotechnical investigations with consistency 

● Inform future rulemaking regarding information requirements at 

diferent stages of the renewable energy process 

Additional information 

Final report: www.boem.gov/Data-Gathering-Process/ 

From top: Process for interpreting geophysical data, collecting a sediment core 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 9 
 

 

 

 

Metocean Characterization Recommended Practices 

for U.S. Ofshore Wind Energy 

Conducted by: DNV GL | Key Researchers: DNV GL 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

Top and right: Meteorological buoy and instruments used for making 

measurements of wind and waves 

Metocean (meteorological and oceanographic) data are necessary 

to support proper design, installation, operation, and maintenance 

of ofshore wind facilities located within U.S. waters of the Outer 

Continental Shelf. This includes environmental conditions associated 

with movement of water, wind conditions, sea states, atmospheric 

parameters, and physical ocean parameters. The data supports 

assessments of general metocean climate for fatigue assessment, 

extreme conditions, and the risk of weather preventing safe access 

to the site and associated downtime. This study provides guidance 

on best practices to reliably collect, analyze, and use site-specifc 

metocean data. 

Findings 

● Metocean analysis is critical for 

the success of the fabrication, 

installation, and operation of 

ofshore wind facilities. 

● The report describes detailed 

reporting best practices for 

metocean data reports, including 

data quality control. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Provide developers with clear 

guidance for the collection and 

reporting of metocean data 

● Standardize evaluations of 

metocean data as part of BOEM’s 

approval process 

Additional information 

Final report: www.boem.gov/ 

Metocean-Recommended-Practices 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 10 
 

 

Impact Assessment and Mitigation of Ofshore Wind Turbines 

on High Frequency Coastal Oceanographic Radar 

Conducted by: CODAR Ocean Sensors 

Key Researchers: D. Trockel, I. Rodriguez-Alegre, D. Barrick, C. Whelan 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

High-frequency radar instrument used for measuring surface currents located on 

Block Island, Rhode Island 

The U.S. currently has a national network of more than 140 coastal 

high frequency radars (HFR). The two-dimensional surface current data 

obtained from this network is invaluable for multiple applications. For 

example, the U.S. Coast Guard assimilates the HFR data into models to 

boost reliability and narrow search areas for people and vessels lost at sea. 

Observations indicate that the spinning blades of ofshore wind 

turbines cause interference in HFRs. It is therefore crucial that we 

understand the possible impact of these wind farms on the national 

radar network and that we develop techniques to mitigate the impact 

of turbine interference on all the radar data products. 

Findings 

● Wind turbine interference 

is caused by the amplitude 

modulation of the turbine’s radar 

cross-section. 

● The location of the wind turbine 

interference in the Doppler 

spectrum is predictable and can 

be determined from the rotation 

rate of the wind turbine. 

● Mitigation methods that 

remove signals from the 

Doppler spectrum based on 

the wind turbine rotation rate 

estimates are efective methods 

of mitigating wind turbine 

interference. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Extend the existing simulations to 

include interference from larger 

ofshore wind facilities 

● Develop a real-time mitigation 

solution 

Additional information 

Final report: marinecadastre.gov/ 

espis/#/search/study/100141 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 11 
 

 

Field Observations During Wind Turbine Foundation Installation 

at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island 

Conducted by: HDR 

Key Researchers: J. Amaral, R. Beard, R. Barham, A. Collett, J. Elliot, A. Frankel, D. Gallien, C. Hager, A. Khan, Y-T. Lin, T. Mason, 

J. Miller, A. Newhall, G. Potty, K. Smith, K. Vigness-Raposa 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

Block Island Wind foundations on a barge 

With the frst ofshore wind facilities being built along the Atlantic 

Coast, there is the opportunity to make direct, real-time measurements 

of the nature, intensity, and duration of potential stressors during the 

construction and initial operations of selected proposed ofshore wind 

facilities. The frst facility to be constructed is the Block Island Wind 

Farm (BIWF) of the coast of Rhode Island. 

Monitoring was conducted at BIWF during the installation of the 

wind turbine foundations in the summer and fall of 2015 and includes 

visual monitoring of construction activities from onshore and ofshore 

locations; onshore and ofshore airborne noise monitoring; near- and 

far-feld underwater sound monitoring; seafoor disturbance and 

recovery monitoring; and turbine foundation scour monitoring. 

Findings 

● Airborne noise monitoring data analyses indicated that the 

noise from the pile driving was clearly audible at the Southeast 

Lighthouse (3 miles away) but was 

not detected at Point Judith (17 

miles away) on the mainland. 

● Results from preliminary data 

analyses show that pile driving 

sound was above background 

sound levels at ranges beyond 20 

km (12.4 miles). 

● Seafoor disturbance from 

anchoring and lift boat legs 

recovers observably within months. 

● Testing of scour monitors provided 

a long-term time series (16 

months) of seabed elevations near 

the foundation that showed minor 

scour around the observed legs. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Provide information for BOEM’s 

evaluation of environmental 

efects of future facilities 

● Provide data to improve the 

accuracy of models and analysis 

criteria to establish mitigation and 

monitoring requirements 

Additional information 

Final report: marinecadastre.gov/ 

espis/#/search/study/100084 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 12 
 

 

Benthic Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation 

and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island 

Conducted by: HDR 

Key Researchers: M. Bartley, P. English, J. King, A. Khan 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

From left: Mussels on the turbine leg at Block Island Wind Farm, sample 

locations around turbines and reference sites at Block Island Wind Farm 

The placement of structures that have hard surfaces provides an 

environment for marine life to attach and fourish. The growth on 

the structure, in turn, provides a source of organic matter to the 

seafoor, which nourishes marine life on and in the seabed. This 

study assessed the nature and potential spatial and temporal scales 

of alterations in benthic macrofaunal communities because of the 

long-term placement of the turbine foundations. Key community 

characteristics evaluated included species abundance, richness, and 

assemblage structure, along with relationship dynamics between 

macrofaunal communities and their associated environments. 

Three turbine locations were selected for sampling based on their 

representativeness of the biotopes present in the study area. 

Findings 

● There are no substantial diferences in benthic communities 

between turbine areas. 

● There are no signifcant diferences in benthic communities 

or total organic carbon levels close 

to turbine foundations compared to 

those further away. 

● Only one year is represented in this 

study, but this forms a baseline 

established for future evaluation. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Evaluate environmental efects of 

future wind facilities 

● Provide useful information on 

biofouling of jacket type foundations, 

which are generally unrepresented in 

European studies 

Additional information 

Final report: www.boem.gov/BOEM2018-047 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 13 
 

 

 

 

 

 

Atlantic Ofshore Wind Energy Development: 

Values and Implications for Recreation and Tourism 

Conducted by: University of Delaware | Key Researchers: G. Parsons, J. Firestone 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

Block Island Wind Farm during construction 

As policy-makers consider more ofshore wind energy projects, an 

issue that may arise is the potential confict with recreational beach 

use. This is especially true on the East Coast, where millions of 

Americans visit the beaches annually for recreation and enjoyment. 

At the same time, ofshore wind power projects themselves may 

attract beachgoers and have a positive efect on recreation and 

enjoyment. This report presents the results of a stated-preference 

survey that included 1,725 beachgoers in a sample designed to be 

representative of the beachgoing population on the East Coast. 

Findings 

● The dominant reason reported for why an ofshore wind power 

project would have made a beach experience worse was the 

visual disruption of the seascape. 

● A model predicting trip loss as a function of beach 

characteristics showed that the loss was lowest on more 

developed and more natural beaches and highest on beaches 

with intermediate development. 

● The stated preference survey suggests that an ofshore wind 

project would afect many beachgoers’ experience/enjoyment 

on beach trips, change trip behavior, 

and generate curiosity trips. 

● At the distances of most BOEM wind 

energy areas, the negatives are largely 

washed out by trip gain and curiosity 

trips, which, in many instances result in 

a net positive gain. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Incorporate in assessments of the 

impacts of ofshore wind energy 

development on recreation and 

tourism 

● Inform the design of future evaluations 

of coastal community concerns 

Additional information 

Final report: marinecadastre.gov/espis/#/ 

search/study/100061 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 14 
 

 

Atlantic Ofshore Renewable Energy Development and Fisheries: 

Proceedings of a Workshop 

Conducted by: National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 

Steering Committee: B. McKay, R. Beal, E. Bochenek, A. Gill, A. Grilli, E. Hofman, W. Hogarth, P. Neubert, T. Noji, K. Stokesbury, J. Williamson 

Funded by: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 

In support of its mission to conduct its activities in an environmentally 

and economically responsible way, BOEM engaged a steering committee 

of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to 

facilitate a workshop about the research and monitoring needed to assess 

potential impacts on fsheries from ofshore wind turbine installation 

and operation on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf. This workshop 

was held on November 8–9, 2017, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. 

The steering committee focused on southern New England, where 

several ofshore wind leases are progressing toward construction. 

Representatives from research institutions, the fshing and wind 

industries, and state and Federal governments were invited to share their 

perspectives and experiences to help inform and advance guidelines for 

monitoring impacts on fsheries from ofshore wind projects. 

Concluding remarks 

● Some attendees raised the 

importance of using monitoring 

programs to ultimately inform 

decision making. 

● The question of what the 

impacts to fsheries will be is 

partly a biological one, but also a 

management question dependent 

on how future wind farms are sited 

and potential fsheries access rule. 

● Several audience members 

supported the development of 

regionally focused advisory groups 

that can provide coordinated 

input. 

● There are models within U.S. 

fshery management that could 

be applied to engagement for 

ofshore wind. 

How BOEM will use this information 

● Improve engagement with the 

fshing community 

● Establish a regional monitoring 

program 

Additional information 

Workshop report: www.nap.edu/ 

read/25062/chapter/1 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review | 15 
 

 

 

What’s Next? 

Here are a few of the new and continuing studies that are underway: 

Mapping the seafoor is expensive and time consuming, and very little of the areas where wind 

development may occur is mapped in detail. Often, models are used to fll in the gaps. BOEM is funding 

a project with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to enhance seafoor modeling 

through detailed data collection and improving the predictive models currently in use. 

[Expected completion: 2019] 

For several years, BOEM has been funding acoustic monitoring in both the Virginia and Maryland 

Wind Energy Areas. These monitors record the sounds made by whales, particularly the North 

Atlantic right whale, as they migrate along the coast. The monitoring stations are part of a larger 

network to expand our understanding of whale migration from Nova Scotia to Florida. 

[Expected completion: 2019] 

During the construction of the frst U.S. ofshore wind farm near Block Island, RI, researchers were in the 

feld making observations about the turbine construction and early operation activities, including 

the sound levels produced in air and underwater, seafoor disturbance, and activity duration. The results 

will be used to improve model predictions and refne assessments of the environmental efects. 

[Expected completion: 2019] 

www.boem.gov | 2018 Atlantic Science Year in Review