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        Other Safety Areas
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                REFERENCES
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	National Association of County Engineers website. http://www.countyengineers.org/ Accessed July 1, 2008.
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	Cottrell, B. H.*Evaluation of Wide Edge Lines on Two-Lane Rural Roads.*Publication FHWA-VA-85-37. Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council, Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, Virginia, 1987.
	Hughes, W. E., H. W. McGee, S. Hussain, and J. Keegel. Field Evaluation of Edge Line Widths. Publication FHWA-89-111. Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 1989.
	Musick, J. V. Effect of Pavement Edge Marking on Two-Lane Rural State Highways in Ohio. *Highway Research Board Bulletin 266*, 1962, pp. 1-7.
	Basile, A.J. Effect of Pavement Edge Markings on Traffic Accidents in Kansas. In Highway Research Board Bulletin 308, Highway Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1962, pp. 80-86.
	*The 1981 Highway Safety Stewardship Report.*Report of the Secretary of Transportation to the United States Congress, Office of Highway Safety, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., April 1981.
	T. Miller. Benefit-Cost Analysis of Lane Marking. In *Transportation Research Record 1334*, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1991, pp. 38-45.
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	Bahar, G., M. Masliah, R. Wolff, and P. Park. *Desktop Reference for Crash Reduction Factors.*Publication FHWA-SA-07-015. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., September 200
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	Loetterle, F. E., R. A. Beck, and J. Carlson. *Public Perception of Pavement Marking Brightness.* In *Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1715,*Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2000, pp. 51-59.
	Parker, N. A. *Evaluation of the Performance of Permanent Pavement Markings and Retroreflectors in Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers.* Report 55657-01-13. New Jersey Department of Transportation, Trenton, New Jersey, 2002.
	**Serviceable Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Levels,**Research in Progress, Transportation Research Board. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/16849. Accessed July 2008.
	Cirillo, J. A. Interstate System Crash Research; Study II, Interim Report II. Public Roads, Vol. 35, No. 3, 1968, pp. 71-76.
	Solomon, D. Crashes on Main Rural Highways Related to Speed, Driver and Vehicle. *Bureau of Public Roads.* U.S. Department of Commerce, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1964.
	Van Driel, C. J. G., R. J. Davidse, and M. F. A. M. van Maarseveen. The Effects of an Edge Line on Speed and Lateral Position: A Meta-analysis. *Accident Analysis and Prevention,*Vol. 36, No. 4, 2004, pp. 671-682.
	Sun, X., and V. O. Tekell. *Impact of Edge Lines on Safety of Rural Two-Lane Highways.*LTRC Report 414. Louisiana Transportation Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, October 2005.
	Donnell, E. T., D. Lee, J. Molino, and K. S. Opiela. Can Pavement Marking Curve Delineation Improve the Consistency of Vehicle Speed and Lane Position?: Results from a Nighttime Driving Experiment. Paper No. 07-0943. *Proceedings from TRB Annual Meeting*, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2007.
	Tsyganov, A. R., R. B. Machemehl, N. M. Warrenchuk, and Y. Wany. *Before-After Comparison of Edge Line Effects on Rural Two-Lane Highways.*CTR Technical Report 0-5090-2. Center for Transportation Research, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 2006.
	Taylor, J. L., H. W. McGee, E. L. Sequin, and R. S. Hostetter. *NCHRP Report 130 Roadway Delineation Systems*. Highway Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1972.
	Stimpson, W. A., H. W. McGee, W. K. Kittelson, and R. H. Ruddy. *Field Evaluation of Selected Delineation Treatments on Two-Lane Rural Highways.*Publication FHWA-RD-77-118. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1977.
	Cottrell, B. H. The Effects of Wide Edge Lines on Lateral Placement and Speed on Two-Lane Rural Roads. In *Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1069*, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 1986, pp. 1-6.
	Kopf, J. *Reflectivity of Pavement Markings: Analysis of Retroreflectivity Degradation Curves*. Publication WA-RD 592.1. Washington State Transportation Center, Seattle, Washington, September 2004.
	Migletz, J., J. Graham, D. Harwood, and K. Bauer. Service Life of Durable Pavement Markings. In *Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1749.*Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2001, pp. 13-21.
	Dravitzki, V. K., S. M. Wilkie, and T. J. Lester. *The Safety Benefits of Brighter Roadmarkings.* Research Report 310. Land Transport New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, 2006.
	Molino, J. A., K. S. Opiela, C. K. Andersen, and M. J. Moyer. Relative Luminance of Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers and Pavement Marking Stripes on Simulated Rural Two-Lane Roads. In *Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board*, No. 1844, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003, pp. 45-51.
	Bahar, J., M. Masliah, T. Erwin, E. Tan, E. Hauer. Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time. NCHRP Web-Only Document 92, submitted 2006, http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=6475, Accessed July 1, 2008.
	Donnell, E. T., and S. Sathyanarayanan. *Exploring the Statistical Association between Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity and Traffic Crash Frequency on Two- and Multi-lane Highways in North Carolina.* Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, August 2007.
	Smadi, O., R. R. Souleyrette, D. Ormand, and N. R. Hawkins. An Analysis of the Safety-Effectiveness of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity. *TRB 87th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers DVD*, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., January 2008.
	Higgins, L., J. Miles, P. Carlson, F. Aktan, and D. Burns. The Nighttime Visibility of Prototype Work Zone Markings Under Dry, Wet, and Raining Conditions. Paper No. 09-2043, Submitted to TRB’s 88th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., January 2009.
	Aktan, F., and T. Schnell. Performance Evaluation of Pavement Markings under Dry, Wet, and Rainy Conditions in the Field. In *Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1877,*Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2004, pp. 38-49.
	Finley, M. D., P. J. Carlson, N. D. Trout, and D. L. Jasek. *Sign and Pavement Marking Visibility from the Perspective of Commercial Vehicle Drivers*. Report 0-4269-1, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas, September 2002.
	Obeng-Boampong, K., J. Miles, A. Pike, and P. Carlson. Use of Wider Pavement Markings - Survey of State Transportation Agencies. Paper No. 09-1113, Submitted to TRB’s 88th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., January 2009.
	Zwahlen, H. T., and T. Schnell. Visibility of New Pavement Markings at Night under Low-Beam Illumination. In *Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1495*, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. 117-127.
	*COST 331—Requirements for Road Marking: State of the Art*. European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research, European Commission Directorate-General for Transport, May 1999.
	Carlson, P. J., J. D. Miles, A. M. Pike, and E. S. Park. *Evaluation of Wet-Weather and Contrast Pavement Marking Applications: Final Report.*Publication FHWA/TX-05/0-5008-2. Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas, March 2007.
	Gibbons, R. B. Pavement Marking Visibility Requirements during Wet Night Conditions. Report VTRC-07-CR7. Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, Virginia, November 2006.
	McKnight, A. S. The Effect of Lane Line Width and Contrast upon Lane Keeping. *Accident Analysis and Prevention,*Elsevier Science Ltd., United Kingdom, September 1998, pp. 617-624.
	Deballion, C., P. J. Carlson, Y. He, T. Schnell, and F. Aktan. *Updates to Research on Recommended Minimum Levels for Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity to Meet Driver Night Visibility Needs, Final Report.*Publication FHWA- HRT-07-059. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., October 2007.
      
  Book traversal links for REFERENCES
      ‹ DISCUSSION
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                Book:The Benefits of Pavement Markings: A Renewed Perspective Based on Recent and Ongoing Research
              ABSTRACT
                INTRODUCTION
                ANNUAL PAVEMENT MARKING EXPENDITURES
                BENEFITS OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS
                PAVEMENT MARKING SAFETY STUDIES
                SUBJECTIVE EVALUATIONS
                EFFECT OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS ON VEHICLE OPERATIONS
                MEASURES OF PAVEMENT MARKING VISIBILITY
                OTHER PAVEMENT MARKING STUDIES
                FINDINGS
                DISCUSSION
                REFERENCES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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