USA Banner
  U.S. flag
              An official website of the United States government Here's how you knowOfficial US Government Icon
              **Official websites use .gov**A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
            Secure Site Icon
              **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                  A **lock** ( A locked padlock ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 
 U.S. Department of Transportation Icon United States Department of Transportation
 Search DOT
            Search
                    About FHWAFHWA Organization
                Headquarters Offices
                Field Offices
                Strategic Plan
                Business Opportunities
                Staff Directories
                Careers
                Highway History
                Contact UsProgramsAcquisition Management
                Civil Rights
                Federal Lands Highway
                Infrastructure
                Innovative Program Delivery
                Operations
                Planning, Environment, and Realty
                Policy
                Research, Development, and Technology
                Safety
                Browse by TopicsResourcesCore Highway Topics
                Federal Aid Essentials
                Automation
                Complete Streets
                Laws and Regulations
                Policy & Guidance Center
                Section 508
                Publications and Statistics
                Professional Development
                National Highway Institute
                Resource Center
                Accessibility Resource Library
                FHWA Research LibraryNewsroomPress Releases
                Speeches & Testimony
                Photos
                Videos
                Media ContactsMenu FHWA Highway Safety Programs Home
                        Noteworthy Practices Manual


            
            In This Section
        Learn Safety
                About RSPCB
                Road Safety Fundamentals
                Roadway Safety Noteworthy Practices
                                Search Noteworthy Practices
                Resources
                Training and Education
                                Overview
                Training Opportunities
                Road Safety Course Finder
                NHI Courses
                Roadway Safety Champions
                Get Help
                                Overview
                Technical Assistance Guidelines
                Technical Assistance Online Application
                Safety Data Dashboard
                
                Section IV. Implementation
rspcb_npm_SectionIV.pdf (10.81 MB)


photo of a highway winding up in the mountains of a desert

*Photo credit: Maciej Btedowski © 123RF.com*

CASE STUDY 11 – Systemic Safety Evaluation

Problem

Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) funding is usually allocated to projects meeting an established definition of high-crash location. Local systems tend to experience low-crash density, which can be a challenge in qualifying for HSIP funding.

Noteworthy Solution

Thurston County in Washington State has developed a systemic safety analysis approach that can be used by locations with low-crash density and provide Thurston County with a proactive, data-driven, and defensible method of identifying projects eligible for WSDOT HSIP funding.

Thurston County, Washington

Washington State has adopted the Target Zero program—with the goal to reduce traffic fatalities and serious injuries on Washington’s roadways to zero by the year 2030 (Washington Traffic Safety Commission [WTSC], 2016). As part of this initiative WSDOT dedicates approximately 70% of HSIP funding to local safety projects. Since 2010, WSDOT has awarded more than $170 million in HSIP funding to local agencies. However, to qualify for funding, agencies must show that the candidate projects were identified through a data-driven process (WTSC, 2016).

Thurston County decided to proactively reduce the number of annual, severe crashes on Thurston County’s 1,000-mile system (an average of 35 crashes per year based on 2006 to 2010 data [Davis, 2016, pers. comm.]). Thurston County’s primary challenge was identifying an analytical process that identified the low density of severe crashes typical of rural, local systems (0.035 severe crashes per mile per year [Davis, 2016, pers. comm.]).

Thurston County’s initial analysis found no severe crashes at locations meeting WSDOT’s high-crash definition and concluded that the traditional site analysis approach could not identify candidate projects for safety funding or support the safety project development process. To address issues associated with reporting low density of severe crashes, Thurston County followed the systemic safety analysis approach, described in the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)’s Systemic Safety Project Selection Tool (FHWA, 2013). This approach provided the County with a proactive, data-driven, and defensible method of identifying projects eligible for WSDOT HSIP funds (Figure 11-1).

**Figure 11-1. FHWA Systemic Safety Tool**

See extended description link below.

View extended image description →

Using the systemic approach, Thurston County analyzed 5 years of crash data and found that 58% of severe crashes in the County were classified as road departure—compared to an average of 38% for the state system (Davis, 2016, pers. comm.). The results of the systemic analysis identified locations with the greatest potential for crash reduction and also identified two key characteristics of severe road departure crashes (Davis, 2016, pers. comm.):

45% of collisions occurred on horizontal curves on the county system versus 26% for the comparable state system.
	More than 80% of the collisions on horizontal curves occurred on the arterial/collector roadways.This analysis also identified a group of roadway and traffic characteristics over-represented at crash locations, including:

Functional classification.
	Edge clearance.
	Shoulder type.
	Advance warning, speed differential, and geometric features (intersections, vertical curves, and visual traps).
	Traffic volume.These characteristics—common at locations with a crash history—were used as systemic factors to conduct the assessment of the 337-mile arterial/collector system and to identify candidate locations for improvements with similar characteristics from more than 270 signed horizontal curves (Davis, 2016, pers. comm.). In addition, the characteristics determined the prioritization and selection of low-cost countermeasures—including enhanced edge delineation, new/upgraded warning signs, shoulder and center rumble strips, and new/upgraded guardrails.

Thurston County used the analysis findings to identify and prioritize the following safety projects (Davis, 2016, pers. comm.):

50 miles of shoulder and center rumble strips.
	8 miles of wide edge lines.
	More than 1,700 new/upgraded warning signs.
	Almost 7,000 feet of new/upgraded guardrails.
	More than 26,000 raised reflective pavement markers.
	More than 75,000 lineal feet of guardrail delineation.
	Dotted Edge Line Extensions at 85 curves with intersections.Using skills acquired during training to become a best practices manager in highway safety, Thurston County’s engineer Scott Davis identified and prioritized a list of safety projects totaling more than $4 million. The County received HSIP funding from WSDOT for all submitted safety projects. Thurston County has implemented these projects and is conducting a follow-up evaluation to determine the level of crash reduction resulting from the riskbased, proactive deployment of low-cost countermeasures.

The County has since used the systemic safety process to identify three potential high friction surface treatment project locations and address speeding-related concerns by identifying candidate corridors for speed feedback sign deployment.

These efforts are a model for Washington State where 31 of its 39 counties have developed data-driven county road safety plans to obtain HSIP funding. In 2014, WSDOT awarded Thurston County HSIP funding to update the systemic study and create a countywide traffic safety plan to guide future HSIP safety investments (Davis, 2016, pers. comm.).

Relevant Contact

Washington

Scott Davis
Thurston County, Washington
(360) 867-2345davissa@co.thurston.wa.us

Local Agency Action Items

Thurston County successfully addressed the issue of high-crash density using a systemic, data-driven process. To incorporate this approach into crash analysis a local agency could:

**Work** with the state DOT to identify funding and other resources to support a systemic or other data-driven process in conjunction with HSIP project identification and application.
	**Cooperate** with other local agencies in the region to conduct a systemic analysis for the region.
	**Collaborate** with other agencies to incorporate systemic methodology in the HSIP.References

Davis, Scott, Traffic Engineering and Operations Manager, Thurston County. 2016. Personal communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.
	U.S. Federal Highway Association (FHWA). 2013. *Systemic Safety Project Selection Tool*. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/data-analysis-tools/systemic/systemic-safety-project-selection-tool. Accessed September 19, 2017.
	Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC). 2016. Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan. https://wtsc.wa.gov/target-zero/. Accessed September 19, 2017.↑ Return to Top

CASE STUDY 12 – Environmental Documentation Assistance

Problem

Many agencies do not participate in the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) process because they have not previously (or regularly) prepared the complex environmental documentation required for federally funded projects.

Noteworthy Solution

Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) streamlined the environmental documentation process for low-cost safety countermeasures designed for minimal environmental impacts, including:

Enhanced pavement markings.
	Upgraded traffic signs.
	Street lighting.
	Edge and centerline rumble strips.These countermeasures do not require reconstruction and are typically confined to the existing roadway. If outside the road edge, they do not require grading. Even though the list of project types is short, it represents the majority of projects proposed by local agencies for implementation through the state’s HSIP.

The first step of the streamlined process is developing a one-page (two sided) spreadsheet—the Environmental Documentation for Federal Projects with Minor Impacts (Appendix D). This form is completed by local agency staff and includes such basic information as:

Project location.
	Project purpose and need.
	Contact information for the project manager.
	Estimated cost.
	Date for beginning work.
	Project type (i.e., traffic markings, rumble strips, signs, guardrail installation, lighting).
	Confirmation that the project will not affect historic properties or threatened and endangered species.
	Federal Action Determination Statement concluding the improvement is a Class II Action (categorical exclusion) with no foreseeable change to the quality of the human environment.The local agency engineer signs the completed form and sends it to MnDOT’s Division of State Aid for Local Transportation for review and approval (Refer to Appendix D). This form also is online at (MnDOT, 2017):http://www.dot.state.mn.us/stateaid/environmental-forms.html.

After selecting local project applications for funding through the HSIP, the Division of State Aid assembles a comprehensive list of proposed improvement projects across all local agencies and forwards this list to MnDOT’s Office of Environmental Stewardship to review for possible impacts on Historic Properties and Endangered Species. Once there is confirmation of no impact, MnDOT, acting on behalf of the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), makes a Determination of No Effect for each project on the list (Appendix E). The majority of projects that pass review are cleared for further project development and implementation. In certain instances, projects that pass review may be subject to further study.

When local agencies focus on low-cost safety strategies that do not require regrading or reconstruction, they can obtain environmental clearance for project implementation with minimum effort.

Relevant Contact

Minnesota

Gary Reihl
Minnesota Department of Transportation
(651) 366-3819

Local Agency Action Items

MnDOT successfully streamlined the environmental documentation process for low-cost safety countermeasures. To develop a single-review process, a local agency could:

**Discuss** project documentation and implementation barriers, procedural alternatives, and streamlining opportunities in the environmental process with the state HSIP coordinator.
	**Identify** safety countermeasures expected to have minimum or negligible environmental impact.
	**Consolidate** the environmental documentation workload through a workshare agreement with other local agencies.Reference

Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). 2017. *State Aid for Local Transportation, Environmental Forms & Information*. http://www.dot.state.mn.us/stateaid/environmental-forms.html. Accessed September 19, 2017.↑ Return to Top

CASE STUDY 13 – Bundled Project Strategy

Problem

Complying with U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) guidelines for Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) funding may be time and cost prohibitive for individual (small) projects.

Noteworthy Solution

To help local agencies comply with FHWA guidelines and taking into account the need for cost and time efficiencies given agencies’ limited/finite resources, Minnesota DOT (MnDOT) decided to bundle local agency projects collectively by district. Each MnDOT district created one single project containing numerous safety improvements to local roads. This has led to reduced complexity and paperwork. MnDOT has contacted county engineers to share experiences, workloads, and materials with other local agencies to promote more efficient and cost-effective projects.

The bundling approach has been successful in implementing HSIP-funded projects across Minnesota. Examples include (Tasa, 2017, pers. comm):

Installation of chevrons at more than 1,000 horizontal curves in 22 counties.
	Installation of more than 2,000 miles of enhanced road edges (6-inch edge lines and rumble strips/stripes).
	Addition of street lights to almost 100 rural intersections.This approach has also resulted in the following cost savings (Tasa, 2017, pers. comm):

A reduction in unit costs because of the large quantities of materials purchased and equipment provided for bundling.
	A reduction in project development and administrative costs.
	Greater efficiencies in providing oversight to a single large project.Benefits of Bundling

**Promotes greater participation –** more counties involved in a wider deployment of safety countermeasures.
	**Promotes greater project development efficiencies –** a single, large contract instead of multiple small contracts.
	**Creates partnerships –** local agencies collaborate for future multiagency highway improvement projects.Even though the bundling approach was successful overall, MnDOT identified three potential barriers to implementing bundled projects. Barriers and solutions are as follows.

Barrier 1. Identifying Project Location and Scope

Solution: MnDOT developed safety plans in every Minnesota county to document the systemic risk assessment of county facilities (Case Study 10 in this Manual). These plans included a comprehensive list of suggested safety improvements and corresponding project forms that could be submitted by counties during the HSIP solicitation process. This enables county engineers to discuss multicounty safety projects with their peers.

Barrier 2. Performing Contract Administration

Solution: MnDOT’s state aid staff developed a process that assigned responsibility to a lead county for administering the contract, paying the contractor, and working with participating counties.

Barrier 3. Completing Interagency Working Agreements

Solution: MnDOT developed an interagency agreement describing the working arrangements between agencies:

Counties involved.
	Designated lead county and their responsibilities.
	Responsibilities of the participating counties for reimbursing the lead county.
	Insurance requirements.
	Effective dates.
	A process for changing the terms and conditions of the agreement.Appendix F provides an example of an interagency agreement. This first multicounty project plan can be used as a guide by county engineers.

Relevant Contacts

Minnesota

Rick West
Otter Tail County, Minnesota
(218) 998-8470

Lou Tasa
Minnesota Department of Transportation, District 2
(218) 755-6570

Local Agency Action Items

MnDOT successfully developed a bundling process involving multicounty participation that reduces documentation and streamlines processes for easier HSIP delivery. To develop a streamlined process, a local agency could:

**Work** with other regional agencies to develop an agreement for collaboration on HSIP planning and contracting.
	**Bundle** existing planned projects with regional agencies to reduce project administration and oversight time and effort and reduce project costs.
	**Identify** a local/regional agency with experience in complying with federal procurement guidelines.Reference

Tasa, Lou, Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). 2017. Personal communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.↑ Return to Top

CASE STUDY 14 – Local Safety Engineering Assistance Program

Problem

Participating in the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) requires a major effort to prepare construction documents and plans. This can be a barrier to local agency participation.

Noteworthy Solution

In fiscal year (FY) 2013, the New Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA) created the Local Safety Engineering Assistance Program (LSEAP) to help implement projects administered under the Local Safety Program (LSP) and High Risk Rural Roads Program (HRRRP) (NJTPA, 2013). The LSEAP provides design assistance through plans, specifications, and cost estimates (PS&Es). In order to make LSEAP viable, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) increased funding for authorizations from $2.8 million in FY 2013 (when LSEAP was implemented) to an average of $17 million per year for FYs 2014-2016 (Figure 14-1). Details on the LSP and HRRRP are online at (NJTPA, 2017): https://www.njtpa.org/localsafety.aspx.

**Figure 14-1. NJTPA Local Safety and High Risk Rural Roads Program**
See extended description link below.The image is a vertical bar graph. The y-axis is labeled “$ Millions” with increments of $2 million. The x-axis is labeled “Fiscal Year” with vertical bars for the years 2005-2016. The data from the graph is reproduced below:
2005: $2.6 million
2006: $0.87 million
2007: $0.78 million
2008: $1.3 million
2009: $3.1 million
2010: $1.9 million
2011: $3.7 million
2012: $4.3 million
2013: $2.8 million
$0.45 million
2014: $16.3 million
$1.3 million
2015: $17.8 million
$2.8 million
2016: $17.1 million
$4.5 millionUnder the LSEAP, consultants are co-managed by the NJTPA and sub-regions. Consultant contracts are HSIP-funded; NJTPA administers these contracts and provides project oversight. Each project sponsor is responsible for technical direction, supervision, and reviews the development of the project’s PS&Es. The scope of work for the consultant contracts includes survey, right-of-way, engineering, design, and the necessary permitting services to prepare PS&Es.

Projects are divided into preliminary engineering and final design phases. Funds for preliminary engineering are released when the contracts are executed. Preliminary engineering plans and environmental documents are submitted to NJDOT Bureau of Programmatic Resources, which reviews and approves project Categorical Exclusion Documents (CEDs). Once the CEDs are approved, NJTPA authorizes the final design phase and the consultant prepares the full PS&E package. PS&Es are submitted to NJDOT Local Aid for review and federal construction authorization is requested.

Table 14-1 summarizes the LSEAP and Figure 14-2 shows the percentage of projects requesting design assistance by fiscal year. The percentage of projects has grown from 38% requesting assistance in FY 2013 to 75% requesting assistance in FY 2016.

**Table 14-1. Annual Summary of Local Safety Engineering Assistance Program (New Jersey)**

Construction Authorizations
			Design Costs
			# of projects in design
			Total # of projects selected for the program year
			% of total projects requesting design assistanceFY 2013
			$2,816,000
			$462,294
			5
			13
			38%FY 2014
			$16,328,484
			$1,332,811
			8
			15
			53%FY 2015
			$18,288,233
			$2,805,863
			12
			18
			67%FY 2016
			$19,650,000
			$4,474,771
			16
			22
			75%*Source: (Mittman, 2017, pers. comm)*

**Figure 14-2. Percentage of Projects Requesting Design Assistance by Fiscal Year (New Jersey)**

vertical bar graph showing the percentage of New Jersey projects requesting design assistance for 2013: 37%; for 2014: 54%; for 2015: 66%; and for 2016: 74%. Source: (Mittman, 2017, pers. comm); Adopted by FHWA

*Source: (Mittman, 2017, pers. comm.); Adapted by FHWA*

Relevant Contacts

New Jersey

Christine Mittman
North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority
(973) 639-8448

North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority
(973) 639-8400

Local Agency Action Items

NJTPA successfully created a local agency assistance program to help advance projects selected under the LSP and HRRRP and prepare construction documents. To develop a similar program, local agencies could:

**Consolidate** HSIP project implementation efforts by cooperating with other local agencies or obtaining assistance from the state HSIP coordinator.
	**Use** outside resources and assistance for HSIP project design and construction administration.
	**Discuss** opportunities with the state DOT for developing local assistance programs that access either in-house DOT support or consultants funded under the HSIP. This will provide local agencies with design and construction administration of safety projects.References

North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA). 2013. *The Local Safety and High Risk Rural Roads Programs*. https://www.njtpa.org/localsafety.aspx. Accessed September 21, 2017.
	Mittman, Christine, North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA). 2017. Personal Communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.
	North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA). 2017. *NJTPA Local Safety and High Risk Rural Roads Program*. https://www.njtpa.org/localsafety.aspx. Accessed September 21, 2017.↑ Return to Top

CASE STUDY 15 – Dedicated HSIP Funding Support for Local System Safety Projects

Problem

Some local agencies believe that local road safety projects cannot compete for funds with state road safety projects on an even playing field.

Noteworthy Solution

Minnesota and North Dakota committed to support local system safety projects by dedicating federal safety funding from their states’ Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP). Each state dedicates a portion of its HSIP funding for local system projects to address severe crashes (involving fatalities plus incapacitating injuries) that occur on local systems. The funding designated for local systems is set aside so that local agencies are only competing with each other, and not competing with the state system for the same allotment of funding.

MnDOT

In 2011, Minnesota DOT (MnDOT) first set aside HSIP funding for local system safety improvements. Since then, MnDOT has committed more than $80 million of HSIP funding, which has benefitted many of the state’s 87 counties. Between 2011 and 2016, approximately 300 local system safety projects were funded by HSIP and 85% of the counties have implemented at least 1 HSIP-funded project. Most projects incorporated 1 or more of the following safety improvements (Devoe, 2016, pers. comm.):

Enhanced road edges – $37 million for 6-inch edge lines, grooved-in, wet reflective markings and edge line rumble strips.
	Enhancements at horizontal curves – $7 million for chevrons, shoulder paving, and edge line rumble strips.
	Improvements at rural intersections – $10 million for street lighting, improved signs and markings, and dynamic warning systems.MnDOT indicates that establishing the set aside and corresponding safety improvements has resulted in an approximate 25% reduction in the number of county traffic fatalities (Devoe, 2016, pers. comm.).

Crow Wing County has implemented more than 12 HSIP-funded safety projects totaling approximately $1.5 million. These 12 projects have included $1 million for 162 miles of enhanced 6-inch grooved-in edge lines, $0.3 million for 389 miles of enhanced curve warning signs, and $0.2 million for street lighting at 31 rural intersections (Bray, 2016, pers. comm.).

**Table 15-1. MnDOT HSIP Funding for Local System Safety Projects 2011 to 2016**

Greater Minnesota Counties
			GMC*
			Metro
			TotalSegments
			Curves
			Intersections
			Total
			TotalEnhance Marking
			Edge Line Rumbles
			Total
			
			Lights
			Signs
			Dynamic Warning
			Total2011
			$0.8
			$2.8
			$3.6
			$0.5
			$0.7
			0
			0
			$0.7
			$4.8
			$5.8
			$10.62012
			$1.6
			$0.8
			$2.4
			$0.9
			$0.9
			$0.1
			0
			$1.0
			$4.3
			$5.2
			$9.52013
			$1.8
			$1.0
			$2.8
			$0.6
			$1.7
			$0.1
			0
			$1.8
			$5.2
			$2.9
			$8.12014
			$4.9
			$3.8
			$8.7
			$3.1
			$0.5
			$0.1
			$1.2
			$1.8
			$13.6
			$6.2
			$19.82015
			$2.8
			$5.7
			$8.5
			$1.3
			$1.0
			$0.5
			$1.5
			$3.0
			$12.8
			$2.7
			$15.52016
			$3.9
			$6.6
			$10.5
			$0.4
			$0.3
			0
			$1.6
			$1.9
			$12.8
			$6.8
			$19.6**Total**
			**$15.8**
			**$20.7**
			**$36.5**
			**$6.8**
			**$5.1**
			**$0.8**
			**$4.3**
			**$10.2**
			**$53.5**
			**$29.6**
			**$83.1**Notes:
Costs are represented in millions of U.S. dollars.
*GMC = Greater Minnesota County

*Source: (Devoe, 2016, pers. comm)*

**Table 15-2. NDDOT HSIP Funding
for Local System Safety Projects 2017 to 2020**

HSIP Summary2017
			2018
			2019
			2020
			TotalState
			$11.42
			$3.8
			$2.1
			$1.8
			$19City
			$2.3
			$0.2
			0
			0
			$2.5County
			$0.2
			$2.1
			$0.7
			0
			$3.0Tribal
			$0.8
			0
			0
			0
			$0.8Local Subtotal
			$3.3
			$2.3
			$0.7
			0
			$6.3**Total**
			**$7.5**
			**$6.1**
			**$2.8**
			**$1.8**
			**$18.3**Costs are represented in millions of U.S. dollars.

*Source: (Devoe, 2016, pers. comm)*

Crow Wing County also completed a follow-up study of these projects to document effectiveness. The county found that road departure crashes along the segments with enhanced edge lines decreased by 58% and crashes in the curves with the enhanced warning signs (chevrons) decreased 34% (Bray, 2016, pers. comm.). The County also found the crash reduction at the lighted rural intersections was small (possibly due to the relatively small number of crashes in the previous period), but also noted two unexpected complimentary benefits (Table 15-1).

Maintenance personnel stated snow and ice removal operations at the lighted intersections were faster and more efficient.
	County residents commented that greater nighttime visibility at intersections enhanced safety.NDDOT

North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT) developed its Local Road Safety Program in 2015 and, like MnDOT, committed to earmarking part of its HSIP for implementing local system safety improvements. The Fiscal Year (FY) 2017 to FY 2020 HSIP includes participation by 18 counties, 3 cities, and 2 tribes (Table 15-2) (Kuntz, 2016, pers. comm.).

Relevant Contacts

Minnesota

Eric Devoe
Minnesota Department of Transportation
(651) 234-7016eric.devoe@state.mn.us

North Dakota

Shawn Kuntz
North Dakota Department of Transportation
(701) 328-2673skuntz@nd.gov

Crow Wing County

Tim Bray
Crow Wing County, Minnesota
(218) 824-1110tim.bray@crowwing.co.mn.us

The 30 programmed safety projects on the local system are valued at approximately $6.3 million—$2.5 million for city projects, $3 million for county projects, and $0.8 million for tribal projects. These projects are the result of a data-driven analytical process and use effective, low-cost safety countermeasures including:

Rural Countermeasures: Counties and tribes submitted HSIP funding applications for projects providing enhanced road edges (grooved- in edge lines and edge rumble strips), chevrons, and advanced curve warning signs and intersection street lighting.
	Urban Countermeasures: The cities of Bismarck, Grand Forks, and Valley City submitted applications for projects providing pedestrian enhancements (countdown timers and advance pedestrian interval), red signal enforcement lights at signalized intersections, and road diet (four-lane undivided to three-lane) conversions along roadway segments.Local Agency Action Items

MnDOT and NDDOT successfully committed to support local system safety projects by using federal safety funding from the state’s HSIP. To support local system safety projects, a local agency could:

**Work** with the state HSIP coordinators to dedicate HSIP funds for local agency projects and establish processes that improve access to HSIP funds for local agencies.
	**Apply** for HSIP funding for a wider variety of safety projects.
	**Identify** a champion to encourage other local agencies to increase local project representation in the statewide HSIP distribution.References

Bray, Tim, Crow Wing County. 2016. Personal communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.
	Devoe, Eric, Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). 2016. Personal communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.
	Kuntz, Shawn, North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT). 2016. Personal communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.↑ Return to Top

CASE STUDY 16 – Comprehensive Approach to Local Road Safety

Problem

Local agencies manage a high percentage of roads but have varying levels of expertise and funding to develop and implement traffic safety projects.

Noteworthy Solution

Local road safety improvements are emphasized in Ohio’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) and in the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP). The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) spends about $102 million each year on improving high-crash and severe-crash locations on local roads.

ODOT also works with local partners to fund investments that improve safety on Ohio roads (ODOT, 2017). ODOT collaborates with the Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP), the County Engineers Association of Ohio (CEAO), metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), and local governments and agencies to comprehensively expand training, technical assistance, and funding opportunities to local partners. These collaborative relationships have evolved into resources that can help local agencies when applying for federal HSIP funding:

District Office Highway Safety Resources.
	Statewide Steering Committee.
	Program Resource Guide.
	The Township Sign Safety Program.
	County Roadway Safety Audits Program.
	County Engineers Association Funding.Highway Safety District Offices

ODOT’s district offices facilitate discussions with local governments and agencies about safety program planning and development. In each district, a dedicated Highway Safety Coordinator is the liaison between local agencies and department staff and helps agencies navigate the HSIP process. ODOT has 12 district offices and one central office (Figure 16-1) with planning and engineering staff at each District office (ODOT, 2014), allowing ODOT district staff to develop close working relationships with local agencies. District staff are also encouraged to participate in local government meetings, including (ODOT, 2014):

City council meetings.
	Regional planning commission meetings.
	Economic development meetings.
	County commissioner meetings.The ODOT district safety coordinator is the first point of contact and works directly with local officials to develop projects using the statewide planning process. Local agencies applying for HSIP funding can use their ODOT district office for HSIP application assistance (ODOT, 2014).

Requests for low-cost safety improvements may qualify for an abbreviated application, allowing a shorter, more cost-efficient study to be conducted instead of a more detailed and costly formal study (ODOT, 2017b). HSIP applications are reviewed by the local district office before they are submitted to the central office, where they are reviewed by a multidiscipline committee.

**Figure 16-1. ODOT District and Central Offices**

county map of Ohio color-coded by ODOT’s twelve districts and marked with two types of stars that show the locations of District Offices and Central Offices

*Source: ODOT, 2017c*

The Ohio Highway Safety Improvement Program 2016 Annual Report describes the HSIP application process (OH, 2016).

“*A multi-discipline committee at ODOT headquarters reviews all applications and supporting safety studies. The committee can approve a proposal, select a different safety strategy, or request further study before allocating money. ODOT spends approximately $85 million dollars in safety funds annually through this program. Once funding is secured, safety projects are scheduled for construction. How quickly projects proceed to construction depends on the available funding and complexity of the project. Short-term, low-cost projects can be implemented within a few months. Other projects that require environmental mitigation, complex engineering design and/or utility and right of way relocation may take several years. In all cases, ODOT encourages sponsors to act as quickly as possible. Upon project completion, the department monitors locations to make sure the improvements are reducing crashes as designed.*”

ODOT’s innovative partnerships with LTAP and ODOT, along with an emphasis on a data-driven analysis process, are instrumental in improving local road safety.

Statewide Steering Committee

ODOT created the Statewide Steering Committee to share information/resources and create a central repository for distributing crash data and trends. The Committee includes representatives from local, state, and federal government agencies who have access to and share crash information with hundreds of other safety organizations across Ohio. Since crash data and many available crash analysis resources are centrally located, this statewide information strategy is the most effective way to implement strategies that address fatalities on Ohio roads. It informs local agencies, provides high-quality data without increasing costs, and helps increase local agency staff expertise on data analysis and crash trends (OH, 2016). Members of this Committee are also the primary contributors to and reviewers of ODOT’s SHSP.

Program Resource Guide

ODOT publishes the Program Resource Guide (ODOT, 2017d), which documents available funding opportunities for local governments, transportation advocacy groups, planning organizations, and citizens. The Guide provides best practices for soliciting funding and locating points of contact when applying for funding and will “improve access to funding programs and resources and help continue the development of Ohio’s transportation infrastructure” (ODOT, 2017d).

ODOT Signal Timing Program

ODOT consults with district offices and local communities in providing signal timing upgrades in areas with high intersection crashes and prioritizes upgrades in locations where crashes are linked to poor signal timing (ODOT, 2017e).

Township Safety Sign Grant Program

Each year, ODOT allocates $1 million under the Township Safety Sign Grant Program for safety signage upgrades, including signs (typically curves and intersection), posts, and applicable hardware (ODOT, 2017a). Townships can apply for up to $50,000 in funding if the Township:

Has a greater than average crash rating based on a 5-year history.
	Has not previously received funding under the program.County RSA Program

ODOT partners with LTAP and CEAO to conduct safety audits as part of the HSIP-funded Roadway Safety Audit (RSA) Program. The RSA Program focuses on making improvements to roads where serious injuries and fatalities are higher than the state average.

County Engineers Association Safety Set Aside

Each year, members of the CEAO can request funding for safety upgrades on county-maintained roads. If applications are accepted, CEAO allocates a portion of its total $12 million CEAO safety set aside budget to the approved applicant for various road improvements. The applicant can then request additional HSIP funds from ODOT. ODOT prioritizes applications eligible for safety funding by funding match (such as a CEAO safety set aside).

Local Agency Action Items

The ODOT successfully developed a comprehensive range of resources to engage and encourage local agencies with varying levels of experience to participate in the HSIP. To develop similar partnerships, an agency could:

**Identify** the gaps in the HSIP process that deter local agency participation and collaborate with other local agencies on addressing gaps.
	**Communicate** needs for expanded training, technical assistance, local programs, and funding opportunities to the DOT/U.S. Federal Highway Administration.
	**Collaborate** with other agencies, associations, and safety stakeholders to form a steering committee to distribute information on available programs and resources.Relevant Contact

Ohio

Derek Troyer
Ohio Department of Transportation
(614) 387-5164derek.troyer@dot.ohio.gov

References

OH. 2016. *Ohio Highway Safety Improvement Program 2016 Annual Report*. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/hsip_reports_2016_oh.pdf. Accessed October 23, 2017.
	Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). 2014. *Rural Consultation Process*. https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/odot/programs/statewide-planning-research/regional-transportation-planning/rural-consultation-process. Accessed October 23, 2017.
	Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). 2017a. *Township Safety Sign Grant Program*. https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/programs/local-funding-opportunities/resources/township-safety-sign-grant-program. Accessed November 30, 2018.
	Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). 2017b. *Highway Safety Improvement Program - Funding Application Process*. https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/programs/highway+safety/highway-safety-improvement-program/01-systemic-safety-funding-application?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery. Accessed October 23, 2017.
	Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). 2017c. *ODOT District Map and Contact Information*. https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/about-us/districts. Accessed October 23, 2017.
	Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). 2017d. *Program Resource Guide*. https://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/LocalPrograms/Documents/ProgramResourceGuide.pdf. Accessed October 23, 2017.
	Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). 2017e. *Other Highway Safety Programs*. https://www.transportation.ohio.gov/programs/highway+safety. Accessed February 8, 2018.↑ Return to Top

CASE STUDY 17 – New Data-driven Approach to Support Safety Countermeasures with Short Service Lives

Problem

Local agency engineers have declined participation in the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) because the one-time infusion of safety funds is overshadowed by increasing maintenance costs, which are the sole responsibility of the local agency.

Noteworthy Solution

FHWA’s Minnesota Division partnered with Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) and Minnesota’s county engineers to develop a new project funding approach for the state that removes the maintenance funding barrier. This approach changes the classification for some projects typically classified as maintenance so they are eligible for HSIP funding. For example, U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) had previously determined that the HSIP should not fund pavement markings on rehabilitation projects (Stein, 2017, pers. comm.). Under this new data-driven approach, maintenance costs of countermeasures with short design lives (such as pavement markings) would be classified as periodic refreshing (instead of maintenance) and considered eligible for HSIP funding, providing that:

The local agency completes a systemic assessment of its system that includes prioritizing facilities and identifying high-risk locations.
	The local agency prepares a safety plan for its system that includes the results of the systemic assessment and the prioritized listing of high-risk locations, and identifies suggested safety projects.
	The local agency submits the safety projects to the state DOT as part of the HSIP solicitation process.
	State DOT HSIP managers determine that the proposed project is consistent with local agency and statewide priorities and include the project in the annual HSIP.
	The local agency implements the initial safety project, which includes pavement markings.
	After the safety project is complete, if in the future the location still has potential for crashes based on site roadway and traffic characteristics, refreshing markings would be considered a new project and eligible for HSIP funding.The key to this new project funding approach is collaboration between the local agency, state DOT, and FHWA. The local agency conducts the systemic assessment, prepares a safety plan, and submits projects to state safety program managers for funding. The state DOT identifies statewide priorities and commits to including local agencies in the HSIP. FHWA provides technical oversight and funding support.

This partnership has resulted in several positive outcomes, including (Vizecky, 2017, pers. comm.):

More counties participated in the HSIP (about 85% of Minnesota’s 87 counties have had at least 1 project funded).
	MnDOT met its commitment to dedicate more than 50% of HSIP funding to safety projects on local systems.
	Counties have installed almost $16 million of enhanced edge lines.
	Fatal crashes on the county roadway system have been reduced by 25%.Relevant Contacts

Minnesota

Mark Vizecky
Minnesota Department of Transportation
(651) 366-3839

Will Stein
FHWA, Minnesota Division
(651) 291-6122

Local Agency Action Items

FHWA’s Minnesota Division successfully worked with MnDOT and local agencies to reclassify projects requiring HSIP funding. To participate in a similar program, other local agencies could:

**Identify** obstacles preventing applications for HSIP funding and projects.
	**Maintain** a data-driven assessment of the roadway system for future confirmation of safety priority.
	**Collaborate** with FHWA, state, and other local agencies to resolve identified obstacles using innovative approaches to justify HSIP funding eligibility.References

Stein, Will, U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2017. Personal communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.
	Vizecky, Mark, Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). 2017. Personal communication with Howard Preston/CH2M HILL.↑ Return to Top
      
  Book traversal links for Section IV. Implementation
      ‹ Section III. Technical Assistance
                    Up
                    Summary ›
                
                Book:Noteworthy Practices Manual
              Introduction
                Section I. Resources and Information
                Section II. Training and Development
                Section III. Technical Assistance
                Section IV. Implementation
                Summary
                References
                Appendixes U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

**Federal Highway Administration**

1200 NEW JERSEY AVENUE, SE

WASHINGTON, DC 20590

202-366-4000Subscribe to email updates
                    About
  

        
              About FHWA
                Careers
                Org Chart
                Staff Directories
                Work with UsPrograms
  

        
              Acquisition Management
                Civil Rights
                Federal Lands Highway
                Infrastructure
                Innovative Program Delivery
                Operations
                Planning, Environment, and Realty
                Policy
                Research, Development, and Technology
                SafetyPolicies, Rights, Legal
  

        
              About DOT
                Accessibility
                Budget and Performance
                Civil Rights
                FOIA
                Information Quality
                No FEAR Act
                Office of Inspector General
                Privacy Policy
                USA.gov
                Web Policies and Notices
                Web StandardsNews & Events
  

        
              Newsroom
                Press Releases
                Speeches & Testimony
                Media Contacts
                Connect with Us