GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 200 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF 

PUBLIC WATER SUPPIJES IN THE 

MOUNTAIN STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, C. S. Howard, R. T. Kiser, J. D. Hem,.and H. A. Swens.on 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE IN./iERIOR 

Oscar L 'Chapman, Secretary ~ 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY .t(\ 

W. E. Wrather, Director Q \~ l\ tP~,. t 1. ~ cj) f-(\ 'Z- 0 • \~ ~ 

GEOLOGICAL ·sURVEY CIRCULAR 2oa .. ~ t ~ ? L 

c.,. ~ d\ 

~t; % ~· .t(\ 

0 0 ~ \()~~ .,.~ 

~~ 

~0 .,.~ 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN THE 

MOUNTAIN STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, C. S. Howazd, R. T. Kiser, J. D. Hem, and H. A. Swenson 

ERRATUri 

-..., ........ ....,....,...--

The ck.1.ta on page 26 for Butte, non~Ga.na should follow 

the data on page 38 for Bozeme.no 

W ashiDgton, D. C., 1952. 

Free on application to the Geoloarleal Survey. Washington 25, D. C. 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

IN THE MOUNTAIN STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, C. S. Howard, R. T. Kiser, 

J. D. Hem, and H. A. Swenson 

INTRODUCTION 

The location of industrial plants is dependent on an ample water supply of 

suitable quality. Information relating to the chemical characteristics of the water 

supplies is not only essential to the location of many plants but also is an aid in 

the manufacture and distribution of many commodities. 

Public water supplies are utilized extensively as a source of supply for many 

industrial plants, used either as delivered for domestic consumption or with further treatment if necessary to meet specific needs of the plant, such as water· for 

processing, cooling, and steam generation. The industrial use of water in the 

United States in 1950 was estimated to be more than 75 billion gallons per day from 

private sources. In addition, about 6 billion gallons per day was estimated to be 

taken from public water supplies. 

U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 658, "The industrial utility of 

public water supplies in the United States, 1932" contains information pertaining 

to the public water supplies of 670 of the larger cities throughout the United States. 

This report, which is still in print and being distributed, has filled an important 

need in the field of water-supply engineering. The demand for more up-to-date 

information and more extended coverage has led to studies by the Geological Sur• 

vey for revision of the information contained in the 1932 report. The revised report, which will include data pertaining to public water supplies of more than 1, 200 

cities in the United States, will eventually be published as a Geological Survey 

Water-Supply Paper. However, in order that the information might be available at 

the earliest possible time, nine preliminary reports are being issued which give 

data on the ·larger cities in each state. These nine reports are being released as 

Geological Survey Circulars, each covering a group of states as delineated by the 

Bureau of Census in taking the census of the population of the country. (See fig. 1). 

The reports give descriptive information and analytical data for approximately 

three-fourths of the cities that will be included in the final report for each of the 

states. 

This circular is the second of the series and includes data for the States of 

Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, ~ew Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. 

The report gives the population (1950) of the city, population supplied, ownership, 

sources and treatment of supplies, capacity of treatment plants, storage facilities 

for both raw and finished waters, and chemical analyses of the water for 11 cities 

in Arizona,. 8 in Colorado, 12 in Idaho, 9 in Montana, 8 in Nevada, 9 in New Mexico,' 9 in Utah, and 8 in Wyoming. The data for each city are essentially the same 

as will appear in the complete report for the whole country. 

Data for the supplies in Arizona and New Mexico were compiled by J. D. Hem, 

district chemist, Albuquerque, N. Mex.; in Idaho, Nevada, Utah and for the cities 

of Grand Junction in Colorado, Anaconda, Butte, and Missoula in Montana, and 

Rock Springs in Wyoming by R. T. Kiser, chemist, under supervision of C. S. 

Howard, regional chemist, Salt Lake City, Utah; and for the remaining cities in 

Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming by H. A. Swenson, chemist, under the supervision of P. C. Benedict, regional engineer, Lincoln, Nebr. 

Review and final assembly of the data were made by E. W. Lohr in the 

Washington office, under the supervision of S. K. Love, Chief, Quality of Water 

Branch. 1 
N 

WEST 

SOUTH 

Figure 1.- Map of the. United States showing sections covered by the nine circulars on the Industrial Utility of Public Water Supplies of the 

United States, 1952. The shaded portion represents the section of the country covered by this circular. 
Ownership: (See Tucson) 

ARIZONA 

AMPHITHEATER 

(Population, 12, 664) 

DOUGLAS 

(Population, 9, 442) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also suburban area and can supply water to Agua 

Prieta, Mex. (population, estimated 6, 000) in emergencies. Total population 

regularly served, about 21, 000. 

Source: 6 wells. Five closely spaced wells, each 340 ft deep, near Phelps Dodge 

Corp. smelter, 1 mile west of town; 1 well, 320ft deep, in Overlock addition. 

The yield of each of the wells is reported to be 1; 000 gpm. Three wells are 

regularly used and the other three are held in reserve for emergencies. Most 

of the supply comes from the main well field. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Elevated tanks, 900, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million,, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Main Overlock Main Overlock 

well addition well addition 

1}field well 1}field well 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••• 21 27 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• .28 .07 Total ................... 25 176 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 6.2 41 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2.4 18 Color···················· 0 0 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 325 46 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 8o9 7. 7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 2.8 3.0 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••. 21 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 130 239 25 c.) ••.•.••••••••.•• 1,600 530 

Sulfate (SOJ .......... 183 55 'Purbidity· •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 288 14 Temperature (F. ) ••• 76 73 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• 3.2 1.0 Date of collection ••• 9/12/51 9/12/51 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 1.8 12 

Dissolved solids ••••. 930 330 

Depth (feet) ............................•....•••.•••••...••••••............ 340 320 

Diameter (inches) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 16 

Date drilled ..............................•..••••••••.••.•••.•.............. 1943 -- Percent of supply ......................................................... %70 ±30 

1/Composite. 

3 
FLAGSTAFF 

(Population, 6, 771) 

Ownership: Municipal; serves also suburban areas. Total population served, 

about 11,000. 

Source: Lake Mary (storage reservoir in Walnut Canyon, 8i miles southeast of 

Flagstaff). Additional supply from spring flow and small amount of surface 

runoff entering two 50,000,000 gal equalizing reservoirs north of city. 

Treatment: Lake Mary supply: Coagulation with alum, activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and final adjustment of pH 

with lime. Spring supply: chlorination. Copper sulfate is added at times to 

control algae. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 700,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Mary, 8, 000, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Equalizing reservoirs, 100, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished water from Lake Mary supply enters the equalizing reservoirs during 

periods of low consumption and is mixed with spring flow before use. About 

two-thirds of the total supply was obtained from Lake Mary in 1950. The 

proportion obtained from the two sources varies from year to year. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Lake Mary Lake Mary Springs 

(raw water) (finished water) (raw water) 

Silica (SiOz) · •••••••••••••••••••.•••••• 4.4 2.7 15 

Iron (Fe) ••••••••••••••••••.••••••.••••• 1.1 • 16 • 02 

Manganese (M:n.) ••••••••••••••.••••••• -- -- -.,. 

Calcium (Ca) • •• ·•·· •••••••••••••••••• 8.6 19 3.4 

Magnesium (Mg). "! ••••••••••••••••••• 3. 7. 4.2 .8 

SCHiituo1 (!fa) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2.0 1.8 1.4 

Potassituo1 (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 •. 8· 1. 7 3. 2 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••.•••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••.•••••••••••••• 37 40 15 

Sulfate (SO.). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5.6 30 3.0 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••••••••••••••••••••• G 8 2.2 . 8 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 3 . 1 .4 

Nitrate (NOj ••••••••••••••••••••••••• o4 .3 1. 9 

Dissolved solids •••.•••••••••••••••• 67 88 36 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

T<>taLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 65 12 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 6 32 0 

CCll<>r ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 55 4 3 

pH ••..•••.••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7. 1 8.0 6.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .••.••.•••. 73.2 139 37.4 

Tu.r bldity . . • • • . • • • • • • • . • • •.•••.•••.••• 100 -- -- Temperature (F.) ••.•.•••••••••••.•• 38 39 58 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 2/5/~2 2/5/52 7/31/51 

4 
GLENDALE 

(Population, 8, 179) 

Ownership: -Municipal; serves also suburban areas. Total population served, 

_ about 12, 000. 

SOurce: 5 wells (1 to 5) 1, 710, 1, 000, 700, -'700, and 810ft deep. The yield 'of 

·-the- wells is reported-to be-l, 200, 700, 500, 350, and 600 gpm. Well 5 is 

held in reserve for emergencies. · 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-w~ter sto~age: 450,000 gal. 

Partial analyses of samples indicate -that the water from wells 2 and 4 is similar 

in chemical composition to that of well 3; that from well 5 is high in dissolved 

solids and nitrate. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Welll Well2 Welll Well2 

Silica (SiOa) · · •••••••••• 21 23 Hardness as CaC08 : 

Iron (Fe) .............. . 22 - . 00 Total •••••••• .-•••••• -• 65 150 

Manganese (Mn) -·· ••• -- -- Nancarbonate •••••• 0 36 

Calcium (Ca) •••••.•••• 19 27 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 4.2 20 Color •••••••••••• -••••••• 2 2 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• }t21' 61 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 8.1 7.8 

Potassium (K) ••••••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOa) 85 138 25 c .. ) .. -............. 713 578 

Suifate (SOJ •• .,. •••••• 94 55 'Purbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride ( Cl) ••••••••• 111 73 Temperature (F. ) ••• 95 78 Fluori~e (F) ••••••• '! •• .6 . 6 Date of collection ••• 9/19/51 ·9/19/51 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 2.0 7.8 

Dissolved solids ••••• 420 334 

Depth (feet) ········•··•····•·•·•·•···••··••···••••·•·••···•····••·····•··· 1,710 700 

Diameter (inches) •.....•••.••..•••.••.••••..••..••••••••••..••••••..••••• 16 16 

Date drilled ..............•...............•..•.....••...........••......... -- -- Percent of supply ....................•...•.....•....•..........••....... 40 20 

.. 5 
MESA 

(Population, ·16, 790) 

Ownership: Municipal; serves also suburban areas. Total population supplied, 

about 18, 000. 

Source: 4 wells (4 to 7) 450, 500, 500, and 700 ft deep. The yi~ld of the wells is 

reported to be 1, 800, 1, 800, 1, 900, and 2, 100 gpm, respectively. Well 4 is 

used for emergency service only. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Storage: 300,000 gal. 

Water from three continuously used wells is similar in composition to that from 

well 5. Water from emergency service well is reported to be considerably 

higher in dissolved solids. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well 5 Well7 Well5 Well7 

Silica (SiOJ •••.•.•••• 26 -- Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ..•.•.•••.•••• . 08 -- Total ................. 235 -- Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 84 -- Calcium (Ca) ••••.•••• 58 -- Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 22 -- Color···················· 0 -- Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 146 -- pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.7 7. 7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 4. 0. -- Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ..••. 0 0 (micromhos at -

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 184 186 25 C.) •••.••••••••••• 1,180 1,170 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 39 -- Turbidity .••••••.•••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 255 257 Temperature (F.) ••• 65 65 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 0 -- Date of collection ••• 9/19/51 9/19/51 

Nitrate (NOJ .••.••.•. 2.9 -- Dissolved solids ••.•. 683 -- Depth (feet) .•....•........•........•.....•••••••••••••...•••.•..•.•..•••.• 500 700 

Diameter (inches) ........................................................ 20 20 

Date drilled ..•...•....•.....••......••.•.•....•......•..........••...•... -- 1951 

Percent of supply ····································~·················· 30 --

6 
PHOENIX 

(Population, 106, 818) 

Ownership: Municipal; serves also a large suburban area. Total population 

served, about 156,000. 

Suburban Pump and Water Co. , Phoenix, Ariz. ; serves the suburban communities of Sunnyslope and South Phoenix, and other areas outside the 

corporate limits. Estimated population served, 32, 000. 

North Central Avenue Water Utilities Co. , Phoenix, Ariz .. ; serves suburban 

areanorthof Phoenix. Estimated population served, 10,000. 

Mariposa Water Utilities Co. ;Phoenix, Ariz. ; serves suburban areas north 

and northwest. of the city. Estimated population served, 10,000. 

Total population served, all supplies, 208,000. 

Source: Municipal; Verde River (Bartlett Reservoir) about 50 miles northeast of 

Phoenix; 14 wells, all less than 100ft deep and reported to yield a total of 

3, 000,000 g",lld, and one infiltration gallery along the Verde River near Fort 

McDowell, 33 miles northeast of Phoenix, comprising the Verde system; 8 

wells near Scottsdale, 11 miles east of Phoenix, each 500 ft deep and reported 

to yield a capacity total of 20, 000, 000 gpd. Emergency supply, 12 wells, in 

downtown Phoenix, all about 300ft deep and reported to yield 18,000,000 gpd. 

Suburban Pump and Water Co. 18 wells, 169 to 600 ft deep with a reported . 

average yield. of 430 gpm. 

North Central Avenue Water Utilities Co. 5 wells (1 to 5),300 to 506 ft deep, 

with a reported average yield of 880 gpn1. 

Mariposa Water Utilities Co. , Phoenix, Ariz. 10 wells (.includes 1 standby 

and 1 under construction, 1951), 200 to 600ft deep with a reported average yield of 400 gpm. 

Treatment: Municipal, Verde Riv.er; lime, coagulation with alum and ferric sulfate, activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, carbon dioxide, 

and chlorination. Ground water, chlorination only. 

Suburban Pump and Water Co. supply, chlorination. 

North Central Avenue Water Utilities Co. supply, none. 

Mariposa Water Utilities Co. supply, none. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: Municipal, Verde River, 30, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: The city's right to withdraw water from Bartlett Reservoir 

is by agreement with the Salt River Valley Users Association and amounts 

available depend on storage in that and other reservoirs, and other factors. 

Finished-water or water as supplied to consumers storage: Municipal, reservoirs, 

55, 000, 000 gal. 

Suburban Pump and Water Co., two reservoirs, 325,000 and 525,000 gal. 

North Central Avenue Water Utilities Co. , reservoir, 300, 000 gal. 

Mariposa Water Utilities Co. 300, 000 gal (30, 000 gal pressure tank on each 

well). 

About 90 percent of the municipal supplies used in 1950 came from Verde well 

fields and Bartlett Reservoir. The water treatment plant is located near Fort 

McDowell. 

Analyses: A, represents combined flow of water from surface water treatment 

plant and Verde well field (infiltration gallery included). B, represents composite of Verde system water and water from Scottsdale wells as supplied to 

ci.ty at time of sampling. The Scottsdale wells furnish water of higher dissolved solids content and hardness than the Verde ·system. The dissolved solids for the Scottsdale wells is reported to range from 746 to 1, 560 ppm, and 

the hardness, from 396 to 564 ppm. The dissolved solids for downtown 

7 
Phoenix wells is reported to range from 985 to 2, 020 ppm, and the hardness 

from 350 to 711 ppm. C, represents water from a well at 16th Ave. and 

Purdue Ave. (Sunnyslope) of the Suburban Pump and Water Co. supply. Partial analyses of samples from six other wells of this supply showed a range in 

dissolved solids from about 300 to 1, 200 ppm. D, represents water from reservoir pumped into by all the wells of the supply of the North Central Avenue 

Water Utilities· Co. E·, represents water from Camelback No. 1 well, 7th Ave. 

and Camelback Road, of the supply of the Mariposa Water Utilities Co. Most 

of the other wells in this system yield water considerably higher in dissolved 

solids than the one sampled. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

A B c D E 

Silica (Si08) •••••••••••••••• 17 24 27 27 25 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.•..••...•. · •... . 01 . 01 . 01 . 03 . 01 

Manganese (Mn) ........... -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .........•.••. 40 52 82 77 45 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••• 22 28 36 56 41 

Sodium (Na) .............•• } 28 71 55 147 48 Potassium (K) ..•..••.••.. 

Carbonate (CO,) ..•....... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 187 223 165 270 154 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 64 88 82 123 43 

Chloride (Cl) ..•••......•.. 20 84 166 222 112 

Fluoride (F) ••••.•••••••.•• .4 . 6 . 1 • 6 . 2 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 2.3 6. 9 20 98 '69 

Dissolved solids •......•. 290 473 567 887 475 

Hardness as .CaCO,: 

Total ••.•••••••............. 190 244 352 422 281 

Noncarbonate • · •• · · · · • · • 38 62 218 202 155 

Color ..•.....•••..•.....•.... 5 4 4 3 2 

pH •••••.•••••••••••••.•••••••. 7. 7 7.8 7.8 7. 9 7. 9 

Specific conductance 

·(micromhos at .25 C. ) 473 790 985 1,490 813 

Turbidity ...•.•..•..••...... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. 65 68 72 76 78 

Date of collection ••.•.... 9/18/51 9/18/51 9/18/51 9/18/51 9/18/51 

Depth (feet) ••......•.......•..••.......•.••••.•••.••..• 376 580 

Diameter (inches) ....•....•..•........•.•••..••...••.. 12 10 

Date drilled •..••...•..•••.•••..•.....••...••.••••.••.•• -- -- Percent of supply ...................................... -- --

8 
PRESCOTT 

(Population, 6, 764) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also suburban areas. Total population supplied, 

about 14,000. 

Source: Surface system (25 percent of supply m 1950) includes one reservoir on 

Has sa yampa River about 5 miles south of Prescott, and two reservoirs on 

Bannion Creek about 2 miles south of Prescott. Ground water system (75 percent of supply in 1950) includes infiltration gallery on Granite Creek just north 

of Prescott, and two wells in Chino Valley 15 miles north of Prescott. The 

wells are 700 and 550 ft deep, and reported to yield 1,100 and 1, 850 gpm, respectively. More than 25 percent of the supply is normally obtained from the 

surface system. 

Treatment: (Surface system only) Prechlorination, coagulation with ferric chloride, activated carbon, sedimentation, slow sand filtration, postchlorination, 

and ammoniation. Well supply, chlorination only. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 700,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Total 290,000,000 gal. Hassayampa Reservoir, 21, 500,000 

gal; Upper Bannion Creek Reservoir, 200, 000, 000 gal; Lower Bannion Creek 

Reservoir (Goldwater Lake), 67,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 4, 500,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Surface Well1 Surface 

l!/supply l!fsupply Well1 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 17 72 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••.•..••••••• . 05 . 05 Total •••••••••••••••• 136 104 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 62 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 33 25 

MagneSium (Mg) ••••• 13 10 Color .••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••. 11 17 pH •••••.••••••••••••••.•• 7.3 8.0 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 7.4 4.2 · Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) .•••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) 90 151 25 c.) •.•...•••.•..•. 330 260 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 69 6.6 Turbidity •.•••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 13 7.0 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• .2 .4 Date of collection •.• 9/20/51 9/20/51 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••••••• 3.4 3.0 

Dissolved solids ••••• 207 219 

Depth (feet) .........•............•.....•.••..•...•••••••••••.•..••.•........•........•.•• 700 

Diameter (inches) ....................................................................... 16 

Date drilled ............................•.••••..•....•••••...........................••• -- Percent of supply ...................................... 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- _!/Finished water. 

9 
TEMPE 

(Population, 7, 684) 

Ownership: Municipal; serves also suburban areas. Total population served, 

about 10, 000. 

Source: 3 wells, one at Apache Blvd. and Hudson Manor (depth 420ft); one at 

College Ave. and S. P. R. R. tracks (depth 513ft), and one (standby) at 

College Ave. and 7th Street (depth 238 ft}. The yield of the wells is reported 

to be 2, 400, 1, 700, and 1, 700 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: One reservoir, 1, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

1/vVell Ywen 

Silica (SiOJ ........... 28 27 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •...•.•••••••• . 14 . 21 Total •••••••••••••••• 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ···'!····· 60 95 

MagneSium (Mg) ••••• 28 37 Color ••••••••••••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 115 259 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 5.0 5.2 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 150 450 25 c. ) ............... Sulfate (804) •• ~ ••••••• 52 103 Turbidity •••••••••••••• 

.Chloride ( C 1) ••••••••• 238 338 Temperature (F.) ••• 

Fluoride (F) .•..•..... . 2 . 2 Date of collection •.• 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••..••. 2.8 14 

Dissolved solids ••••. 661 1,100 

· Depth (feet) .....................................................••.•.•...... 

Diameter (inches) ......................................••.••••.•••••...•. 

Date drilled .............•..........•....•....•.....••.••••••••••••••...•. 

Percent of supply ........................................................ 

1/ Apache Blvd. and Hudson Manor. 

Y College Ave. and R. R. tracks. 

10 

.!/Well 

264 

142 

{) 

7.7 

1, 110 

--

71 

9/19/51 

420 

20 

1950 

±50 

YWell 

389 

20 

0 

7.4 

1,910 

--

65 

9/19/51 

513 

20 

--

±50 
TUCSON 

(Population, 45, 454) 

Ownership: Municipal; serves also parts of the suburban communities of Amphitheater and Wakefield and other suburban areas. Total population served, 

about· 75, 000. 

Suburban area (east and northeast of corporate limits of the city) served by 

Vista Water Co. , Eastside Water Co. , Polar Water Co. , . and Lansdale 

Water Co., all owned by one local group. Each company has separate 

wel~s and distribution systen1 for the area it serves. Total population 

f?erved, about 19, 500. 

Source: Municipal; 20 wells, 200 to 510 ft deep in North Side well field; 16 wells, 

118 to 476ft deep in South Side well field. Only three wells in the North Side 

well field are under 300ft in depth, and only five in the South Side well field . are under 200 ft. 

Suburban area; Vista Water Co. 2 wells, each 200ft deep; Eastside Water 

Co. 7 wells, 210 to 339ft deep; Polar Water Co. 8 wells, 200 to 318ft 

deep; Lansdale Water Co. 3 wells (depths not reported). 

Treatment: Municipal supply, chlorination; private water-companies supply, 

none. 

Storage: Municipal, 5 reservoirs and 4 elevated tanks, 14,200,000 gaJ.; private 

companies, elevated tanks, 100, 000 gal. 

North Side plant serves area east. of Park or Tyndall Avenues. South Side plant 

serves area west of Park or Tyndall Avenues. 

The analyses show reasonably well the composition of the water served by the two 

well fields and the private companies in the respective areas of the city prop ... 

er and the suburban area. designatedo 

• 

11 
ANALYSES 

(4ttalyses, in parts per million, by u. s. Geo~cal Survey) 

North Side South Side Polar Water !Reservoir at Plant 3 Osborn & 18tll Co. well 1 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••.••••••••••• 32 34 27 

Iron (Fe) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 00 . 00 . 00 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .••••.••••••••••••••• 40 65 34 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 6. 5 14 6.0 :S~itUDl (!fa) .•••••••••••••••• ~ ••••• 

~ 33 78 26 Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

Carb()nate (COJ ••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) ••••••••••••• 166 253 157 

SuHate (S04) ••••••• ~ ............... 39 129 17. 

Chloride ( Cl) •••••••••••••••••.••• 11 31 8.5 

Fluoride (F) •.............•...... . 3 • 9 . 3 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••••••••.•••••••••• 6. 9 . 2. 7 10 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••• 255 484 210 

Hardness U. CaC03 : 

Total ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• 126 220 110 

Noncarbonate •.•••.••••••••••• 0 12 0 

Color •••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 1 1 

pH···································· 8.0 8.0 8.1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 .c. .. ) ...... 382 736 320 

Th.rbidity I •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F.) •••••••••••••• 80 76 80 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••• 9/14/51 9/14/51 9/14/51 

Depth (feet) ·····································~···················· 200 

Diameter (inches) .•...................•...•.•........••..•..•••.•.• 8 

Date drilled ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••o•••• 1937 

Percent of supply . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . • . . · --

Ownership: (See Tucson) 

WAKEFIELD 

(Population, 8, 906) 

12 

.East ·side 

Water Co-. 

well2 

28 0 00 

-- 29 

5.2 

20 

0 

139 

9. 4 

6.5 

. 3 

5. 5 

17'1 

94 

'0 

1 

8.1 

264 

--

84 

9/14/51 

28o 

12 

1932 

--
YUMA 

(Population, 9, 145) 

Ownership: Arizona Edison Co.; serves also West Yuma and other suburban 

areas. Total population served, about 20,000. 

Source: Colorado River (direct diversion). Standby diversion facilities on Yuma 

Main Canal. . Treatment: Coagulation with alum, copper suHate added to control' algae in settling basins wheri needed, sand filtration (4 rapid and 3 slow sand filters), and 

chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: -- · 

Finished-water storage: l~ 000,000 gal. 

Flow in Colorado River at Yuma is regulated by large reservoirs, and the chemical 

quality of the water is nearly constant for long periods. Analysis represents 

weighted-average concentration of dissolved matter in the river .water as determined by daily sampling of the Yuma Main Canal for the periodOct. 1, 1949 

to Sept. 30,' 1950. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses,. in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Colorado Raw water Finished. River (at plant) water (raw water} 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.••••.••••••••••••••• 13 -- -- Iron (Fe) •••• ~ .•••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••• . 05 -- -- Manganese (M.tl) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ••••••• •••••••••••••••••• 84 -- -- Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 27 -- -- ~ituo1 (Na) •••••••••••.••••••••••••••• 88 -- -- Potassium (K) ....................... 2. 9 -- -- Carbonate (COs) .•••••••••••••••••••• 0 -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ .•.•••••••••••••• 163 161 155 

Sulfate (SO.). •••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 265 -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 75 92 93 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 3 -- -- Nitrate (NOs) ••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 1.4 -- -- Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 637 -- -- Hardness as CaC03 : 

~()t~l •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 320 -- -- Noncaroonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 187 -- --

C()l()r •••••••••••.••••••.•••••••••••••••• -- -- -- pH ••..••••••.•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) .•••••••••• 985 1,070 1, 070. 

T\lrbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- ~em perature (F. ) ..................... -- -- -- Date of collection •••••••• 1 •••••••••• 1949-50 9/17/51 9/17/51 

13 
COLORADO 

BOULDER 

(Population, 19, 999) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 5, 000 people outside the city limits, 

and Public Service Electric Plant. Total population served, about ·25, 000. 

Source: A series of nine natural lakes, some of which are enlarged by dams, 

fed by melting Arapahoe Glacier, approximately 18 miles west of the city. 

The water flows from Silver Lake, the lowest reservoir in th.e mountain 

system, to foot of Arapahoe Falls; thence it is conveyed by pipe line to 

Lakewood Reservoir, the control reservoir for the city, 13 miles away; 

from this reservoir the water is conveyed to two distribution reservoirs at 

the city limits. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 1, ·666, 000,000 _gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) .......... . 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) .•••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ...........•.. 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

City tap 

6.2 

. 03 

. 00 

4.0 

. 1 

1.0 

. 3 

0 

14 

. 5 

. 5 

. 1 

1.0 

26 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate .••.•.•••••• 

Color ......................... . 

J)ll •••..•.••...••••..••.•...•..•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •.••.•••.....•........ 

Turbidity •.•.•..•..••••..•••. 

TemJ)erature (F. ) •.•••••.•• 

Date of collection •••.•••.. 

14 

City tap 

11 

0 

29 

6. 8 

.31. 7 

.8 

65 

5/23/51 
COLORADO SPRINGS 

(Population, 45, 472) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies 5, 000 people outside the city limits; 5, 000 

to 25,000 at Camp Carson and Peterson Field. Total population supplied, 

55, 000 to 75, 000. 

Source: Streams and impounding reservoirs above 9, 000 ft in elevation, on north 

slopes of Pikes Peak; Fountain Creek, auxiliary supply. Fountain Creek 

water is blended with the regular supply as needed, depending on the amount 

of snowfall on the watershed of the regular supply. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation for the regular supply; coagulation-with 

alum and lime, copper sulfate, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and 

chlorination for the auxiliary supply. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 25,000,000 gpd; auxiliary supply, 5, 000,009 

gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoirs, 4, 830,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 000, 000 gal. 

The water flows by gravity to the distribution system. A part of the supply is 

diverted for the generation of electric power. The supply from Fountain 

Creek is pumped as needed. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Regular supply Finished water 

:Silica (SiC>~ •••••.•••••••••••••..••••• 8.4 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .4 

Manganese {Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• . 00 

Calcium (Ca) • •• •• • • •• •• •• •••• •••• •••• 6.0 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• . 9 

Sodium (Na) •••••.••••••.•••••••••••••• 

~ 5. 1 Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonate ( C <>J .•••••••••••••••••••• 0 

Bicarbonate. (BC<>a) ••••.•••••••.•••• 18 

Sulfate (S<>.). •••••• ; ••••••••••••••••••• 4.0 

Chloride ( Cl) .•••••••••••••••••••••••• 2. 5 

Fluoride (~ ........................... 2.5 

Nitrate (N<>J ••••.•••••••••••.•••••••• . 9 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 33 

Hardness as CaCC>3: 

1re>tSLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 4 

CCllClr ••••••.•••..•••••.••••••••.•.•••••• -- pH •...•••.••...••••••••••••••••••.••••••. 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••..••• 50.9 

Turbidity •.•••.•••..••.•••.•••..•..... -- Temperature (F. ) · • • •. • • • · •••••••••• -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 4/12/50 

1/Fountain Creek, auxiliary supply. 15 

.!/Raw water Finished 

.!/water 

15 14 

. 02 . 01 

• 00 • 00 

46 50 

9. 5 9. 1 

{ 26 26 

4.2 4.0 

0 0 

205 202 

20 26 

15 17 

3.0 3.0 

2.4 2. 1 

244 255 

154 162 

0 0 

3 1 

8. 1 8.3 

411 426 

4 .8 

56 60 

5/25/51 5/_25/51 
DENVER 

(Population, 415, 786) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Aurora, Edgewater, Englewood, Fort Logan, 

Mountain View, Sheridan, and other communities in the metropolitan area. 

Total population supplied outside the city limits, about 77,000. ·Total population supplied, about 493,000. 

Source: South Platte River (35 percent) and tributaries, Bear and Cherry Creeks, 

and infiltration galleries along Cherry Creek (3 percent); Fraser River and · 

tributaries (19 percent); storage, South Platte and Fraser Rivers (43 percent). 

Treatment: Kassler Plant at Waterton (South Platte River water): coagulation 

with alum when necessary, slow sand filtration, and chloramine. Marston 

Lake Plant, south side (South Platte River water), Marston Lake Plant, north 

side (South Platte River water), and Moffat Plant (Fraser River water): coagulation with alum, or sodium aluminate and alum, or lime and alum, activated carbon when necessary for taste and odor control, rapid sand filtration, and chloramine. Infiltration galleries (Cherry Creek), chlorination 

only. Copper sulfate is applied to raw-water reservoirs directly supplying 

treatment plants, when necessary, for algae control. 

Rated capacity ·of treatment plants: Kassler (slow sand filters), 30, 000, 000 gpd; 

Marston Lake (south side), 21,000,000 gpd; Marston Lake (north side), 

64,000,000 gpd (anthracite filters); Moffat, 56,000, 000 gpd; chlorinators 

(infiltration galleries), 6, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: South Platte sources, storage and operating reservoirs, 

69, 915, 000, 000 gal; Moffat diversion sources, operating reservoirs, 

3, 503,000,000 gal; Soda Lakes (Bear Creek) and Long Lake (Moffat diversio~), 

operating and storage reservoirs, 665,000, 000 gal. Total raw water storage, 

74, 083, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 121, 000, 000 gal. 

South Platte River water is impounded or stored in Antero Reservoir, Eleven 

Mile Canyon Reservoir, Lake Cheesman, and Marston Lake. Bear Creek 

water is diverted near Morrison into Harriman Lake and Soda Lakes and 

thence to Marston Lake. Cherry Creek water is collected-through the infiltration galleries. Fraser River water is brought from beyond the continental 

divide by the Moffat Tunnel, about 25 miles northwest of the city, into South 

Boulder Creek and from there by conduit into Ralston Creek Reservoir, a 

storage reservoir mainly for winter use (summer demands are supplied by 

direct diversion). Water from Ralston Creek .Reservoir is brought by conduit to the Moffat treatment plant, 3~ miles west of the city. 

Under normal conditions water is drawn directly from the streams and storage· 

is drawn upon only when the requirements are too great to be supplied by 

.direct withdrawal. · 

16 
ANALYSES 

(Analyses,in parts per million,by Denver Water Department) 

South Platte River (finished water) Infiltration 

galleries 

Maximum Minimum Average Cherry Cr. 

Silica {SiOa) •.••••.•••••••••••••••• 7.4 4~5 6.5 30 

h"on (Fe) ••••••.•••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .••.••••••••••••••••• 39 32 34 61 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• . 14 12 13 9. 5 

~ituat (Na) .•.•••••••••••••••••••• 33 26 27 48 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Carbonate (COJ •.••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOs) •••••••••••• ~ 122 102 112 202 

Sulfate (S04) • • ... • • • • •• • ............ 56 49 52 83 

Chloride ( Cl) •••••••••.•••••••.••• 51 32 40 22 

Fluoride (F) ..........•...•....•. 1.0 .8 . 9 . 6 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••••••••••••••• . 5 . 2 .4 14 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Hardness as CaC03 : 

~()taLl ••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••• 156 129 139 192 

.None ar bonate •.•••.••••••••••• 55 46 46 26 

Color ................... ............ -- -- -- -- pH ••••.•••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c._) •••••. 455 401 423 -- Thrbidity •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ~ •••••••••••••• 1950 1950 1950 6/4/51 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 19 so .!/ 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min · Av Max Min Av Max Min 

.Raw water .•...•... 92 94 78 8.3 8.6 7.9 127 154 92 4.6 12 2;0 

Finished water .•. 88 94 70 8.0 8.5 7. 5 127. 154 92 1.7 2.8 1. 0 

Regular determinations at t'NQ,tment plant, 1950 Y 

Alkalinity 

asCaC01 (ppm) 

Av. Max Min 

Raw water ......... 92 95 90 

Finished water ... -- -- --

.!/Marston Lake, north siqe. 

YMarston Lake.? south side. 

pH 

Av M3Jt Min 

8.0 8.5 7.7 

7. 7 8.0 7.3 

17 

Hardness 

as caco3· Turbidity 

(ppm) 

·Av· Max Min Av Max Min 

145 150 140 5.9 12 2.3 

-- -- -- 1. 3 4.0 1.0 
Regular determinations a,t treatment plant, 1950 Jj 

Alkalinity 1· Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity . (ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max' Min 

Raw water ••.• 1 •••• 93 104 68 7.6 8.1 7. 4' 147 169 102 13.Ei 28 4.0 

Finished water .•. 85 107 66 7.7 8.0 7. 0 133· 171 88 1 (] 1 0 1. 0 

!/Kassler slow-sand filters. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million,by Denver Water Department) 

Fraser River (finished water) 

Maximum Minimum 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 8.0 7.0 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Calcium (Ca) •••••• ••• •••• •• •••••• •••• 21 11 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••••••.•• 5. 1 1. 8 

SoditUOl (~a) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7. 2 2.7 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••.•• -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOs) ••••••••••••••••• 61 26 

Sulfate (SO..). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 19 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.0 . 5 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 2 • 1 

~itrate (~OJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• .3 .2 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Hardness as CaC03: 

1r<>taLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73 35 

~oncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 23 14 

Color ................................... -- -- pH ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• 127 92 

1rurbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 1950 1950 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Raw water ......... 

Finished water ..... 

Alkalinity 

as CaC03 pH 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

37 74 

35 62 

16 7. 4 8.2 6.5 

16 7.4 8.6 7. 1 

ENGLEWOOD 

(Population, 16, 869) 

Ownership: Supplied by Denver (see Denver). 

18 

Hardness 

as CaC03 (ppm) 

Av ,Max Min 

53 150 20 

61 154 20 

Average 

7.5 

--

-- 14 

2. 9 

4.7 

--

-- 39 

24 

.9 

• 1 

• 2 

--

48 

14 

--

--

106 

--

-- 1950 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min 

25 95 11 

• 9 2.5 .4 
FORT COLLINS 

(Population, 14, 937) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies 4, 000 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, 18, 93 7. 

Source: Cache La Poudre River. The treatment plant is located 16 miles northwest of Fort Collins, on the Cache La Poudre River. 

Treatment: Sedimentation, rapid sand filtration,and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 9, _000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 11, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S •. Geological Survey) 

Finished 

water 

Finished 

water 

Silica (Si~) •.........••... 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•••..•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ...•........•.. 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (COs) .......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride {Cl) .......•..•... 

Fluoride (F) ...••..•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•....•.. 

9. 1 

. 04 34 

. 00 1'Joncarbonate ......•...•. 21 

12 ~~------------------~~~~~ 

1. 0 Color . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . .. -~ ·' ~.22 

2. 9 pH ••••.•.•• ... . • • • . . . • . . • . . . . . . •. . ·6:·,.8 

• 6 

0 

16 

25 

2.0 

. 1 

• 8 

77 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•..• 

Date of collection .••.•.... 

94. 1 

3 

54 

5/23/51 

Regular determinat~ at treatment plant, 19 so 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Temperature 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ..... 24 35 0 7.2 7. 5 7.0 22 30 20 50 60 33 

19 
GRAND 1.UNCTION 

(Population, 14; 504) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 3, 000 people outside the city limits .• 

Total population supplied, about 17, 500. 

Source: Kahnah Creek (tributary to Gunnison River). ·Intake located about 27 · 

miles southeast of Grand Junction~ . Treatment: Coagulation with sodium aluminate and occasionally alum, rapid. 

sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoirs on Grand Mesa, approximately 520,000,000 gal. 

Finished--water storage: 23,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) . 0 ••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•..•.•......•... 

Tap at 

City Hall 

20 Hardness as CaC<>s: 

. -Total ...................... ·· . 

Noncarbonate •••.•.•..••• 

Tap at 

City Hall 

84. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 0 

Calcium (Ca) .•.•..•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

. 08 

. 00 

·. 22· ~~------------------~----------

Sodium (Na) ...•...... 0 •••• 

Potassium (K) • 0 ••• 0. 0 •••• 

Carbonate (C03) •••• 0 •••• 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) 0 •••• 

Sulfate (804 ) o ••••• o •••• o ••• 

Chloride (Cl) ..... 0 •••• 0 ••• 

Fluoride (F) .. 0 •• 0 ••••••••• 

Nitrate (N03) •• o. o ••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•....••. 

7. 2 

5.4 

3.8 

0 

110 

9. 1 

1.9 

. 3 

• 6 

118 

Color .......................... . 

pll •••..•..•...••••..•..•...•..•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •••..•• ··-··· ......... . Turbidity ........... _ ......... . 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection ••..••... 

. 20 

10 

7. 8 

180 

30 

4/30/51 
GREELEY 

(Population, 20, 354) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies 6, 000 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, 26,354. Source~ Cache La Poudre River. The treatment plant is located approximately 

40 miles northwest of Greeley. The. auxiliary supply is taken from the Seaman Dam on the North Cache La Poudre River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, lime, charcoal, rapid sand and slow sand 

filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 3, 314,000,000 gal. ' 

Finished-water storage: 22,500,000 gal. 

The water from the Cache La Poudre River watershed is made up primarily from 

melted snow and the turbidity of the water is practically zero with the exception of about·one month of the year during spring runoff. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••• 9.2 8.5 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 02 . 02 Total ................. 40 48 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) •••••.•••• 12 14 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2.4 3.1 Color .••••••••••••••••••• 22 7 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 4.2 4.6 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7. 3 7. 7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 2.2 • 9 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOj 51 61 25 c.)····· .......... 99. 1 121 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 4.0 1.0 Turbidity •••••••••••••• 3 .4 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 1.5 4.0 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 .3 · Date of ~ollection •.• 5/23/51 5/22/51 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 1.3 .4 

Dissolved solids ••••. 71 80 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 19 so 

Alkalinity Hardness. 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Ma.lt Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 22 -- -- 7 -- -- 16 -- 7 10 27 0 

Finished water ... 22 -- -- 7 -- -- 16 -- 7 3 -- --

21 
PUEBLO 

(Population, 63, 685) 

Ownership: Municipal; the city is divided into two water districts, each with its 

own water system. District 1 supplies 30,000 people in the city; about 3, 000 

outside the city limits; 3, 000 at the Pueblo Air Force Base and Interstate 

Gas Co. District 2 supplies 33,685 in the city; 8, 000 outside city limits. The 

total population served by both districts, about 78,000. 

Source: District 1, Arkansas River. Wells and transmountain diversion as auxiliary supply. The transmountain diversion is taken from the Colorado River 

basin and diverted to the eastern slope by what is knoWn as Wurts Ditch which 

is located about 1 mile southwest of the top of Tennessee Pass. District 2 ,_ 

Arkansas River. The maximum allowable diversion from the Arkansas River 

is 25. 5 second-feet. When the demand exceeds this quantity the auxiliary 

supply is drawn upon. Plant intakes for both districts are located about a 

quarter of a mile apart on the river. 

Treatment: District 1, copper sulfate, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, 

activated carbon, rapid sand filtration, chlorination,and ammoniation. District 2, plain sedimentation, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: District 1, 25,000,000 gpdo District 2, no 

treatment plant. 

Raw-water storage: District 1, 50,000,000 gal. · District 2, 30,000,000 galo 

Finished-water storage: District 1, 5, 500,000 gal. District 2, 26,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSEs· 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water.!/ water 1/ waterjj water!/ 

Silica (SiOa) •...•..•.. 10 8.8 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •...•.•••••••. . 02 . 04 Total •••••••••••••••• 162 191 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• • 00 . 02 Noncarbonate •••••• 87 117 

Calcium (Ca) .......... 43 50 

MagneSium (Mg) •.•.. 13 16 Color···················· 9 1 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 19 25 pH ......................... 7.8 '1.6 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.3 1.7 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs} .••.. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 92 90 25 c. ) ............... 410 491 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 117 151 Turbidity •.•.•••••••••• 70 .4 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.•.•• 6.0 11 Temperature (F.) ••• 63 -- Fluoride (F) •••••.•••• . 1 . 1 Date of collection •.• 5/24/51 5/24/51 

Nitrate (NOJ .••...••. 3.0 4.2 

Dissolved solids •••.. 269 329 

Regular determinati..cms at treatment plant, 1.950 JJ 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 138 176 62 8. 2 8.6 8.0 308 479 103 436 3793 21 

Finished water ..... 125 166 52 7. 5 7. 9 7. 1 317 493 104 1.8 3.4 • 95 

!/District 1. 

22 
IDAHO 

BLACKFOOT 

(Population, 5, 180) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 100 other people outside Blackfoot. 

Total population supplied, about 5, 280. 

Source: 2 wells, 179 and 182ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to be 

600 and 800 gpm. Well 2 is used mostly during the summer months. Emergency supply from East Side Well, 110 ft deep. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 2 elevated tanks, 100,000 and 300,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) •..•......••.•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•...•••.. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•...•...•.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) .••.•.••. 

Sodium (Na) ...•.......••.. 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (COs) •......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride {Cl) .......••..•.• 

Fluoride (F) .......•.••.•.. 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Well1 

27 

86 

26 

19 

. 02 

5. 1 

0 

356 

45 

15 

. 2 

10 

398 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

To~l ...................... . 

Noncarbonate .••.•.....•. 

Color ......................... . 

pll ••••.•.•••.•••••.•••.•...••.•. 

Specific· conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••...•.......••....... 

Turbidity ••••...•.••••••...•. 

Temperature (F. ) •••••.•..• 

Date of collection ••••.•••. 

Well1 

322 

30 

5 

7.5 

642 

3/28/51 

Depth {feet) .....•......••..•...............••• • •• . . • • . • • •• • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 179 

Diameter (inches) . . . . . . • . • . . • . • . • • . . • . • . • • . • . . . . • . . • • • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 15 

Date drilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1921 

Percent. of supply .•..•...................••..•.•• ·•...........•....•......•....•.•. 75 

23 
BOISE 

(Population, 34, 393) 

Ownership: Boise Water Corp.; supplies also about 25,000 people in suburban 

areas. Total population supplied, about 59,000. 

Source: 14 wells from 300 to 600.ft deep, 80 percent of supply; dug well and infiltration galleries, 20 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Chlorination of wat.er from dug well and infiltration galleries; deep 

wells not treated. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoirs,. 8, 500,000 gal. 

The water varies throughout the city as some of the wells .are pumped directly 

into the mains. At night, to relieve pressure on the mains, water from the 

mains is pumped into reservoir 4. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) •.........•..•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•...........•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ............. . 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••. 

Sodium (Na) ..•............ 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..... 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Reservoir 4 

(composite) 

25 

1.0 

29 

3. 1 

12 

1.8 

0 

91 

34 

3. 1 

. 3 

• 5 

157 

Hardness as caco,: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate •••...•..•.• 

Color ......................... . 

pll .••..•..•...•.•••.•..•......•. 

Specific conductance 

(m.icromhos at 

25 c.) •..................... 

Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•... 

Date of collection .••.•••.. 

24 

Reservoir 4 

(composite) 

85 

11 

10 

7.3 

228 

58 

6/4/51 
BURLEY 

(Population, 5, 924) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 200 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 6, 100. 

Source: 2 wells (Pumphouse well and Hoggan well), 469 and 485ft deep. The 

yield of the wells is reported to be 800 and 1, 200 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

·Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Elevated tank, 100,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Pump- Hoggan Pump..; 

house house 

1/ well Ywell 1)well 

Silica (SiOj •••••••••• 59 58 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •••.•••••••••. .01 -- Total ................. 137 

Manganese (Mn) • ._ ••• -- . 1 1 Nancarbonate •••••• 15 

Calcium (Ca) •••••.•••• 35 27 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 12 7.3 Color ••••••••••••••••••• 5 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 32 

~ 46 pH ........................ 7. 8 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 7.7 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COj ••••• 0 -- (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOj 148 149 25 c .. ) ......... ~ ...... 429 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 26 23 'Purbidity •••••••••••••• -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 45 33 Temperature (F. ) ••• 66 

Fluoride (F) .......... . 4 .6 Date of ~ollection ••• 3/27/51 

Nitrate (NOj ••••••••• 1.3 2.7 

Dissolved solids ••••• 288 291 

Depth (feet) .................•...........•..•.•.•.•....•.•.••..•............ 469 

Diameter (inches) ..........................••.......••••••..•........... 18-15 

Date drilled ................................•..••..•......••••..•...•....... 1926 

Percent of supply ·······················•··••••···•·•······••··········· 90 

Jj Chlorinated. 

Y Analyzed by State Dept. of Public Health, Boise, Idaho. 

25 

Hoggan 

.Ywell 

97 

0 

--

7.3 

--

--

-- 1/8/51 

485 

16 

1940 

10 
BUTTE 

(Population, 33, 251) 

Ownership: Butte Water Co.; supplies Centerville, Meaderville, Silver Bow 

Park-Floral Park, Walkerville, ahd other communities. Total population 

supplied, about 50,000. 

Source: Big Hole Riv.er; Basin Creek Reservoir; Yankee Doodle Creek. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage; 650, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by State Board of Health, Helena, Mont.) 

1/City tap Big Hole Basin Moulton 

.River Creek ysupply 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••••••••••.•••• 20 -- -- Iron (Fe) •••.••••••.•••••••••••••••• .16 -- -- Manganese (Mn) ................. -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) •••••.•••.••••••••••• 16 16 16 11 

--

--

--

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 4.0 5.4 6.4 4.3 

SHD<Iium (Na) .•••••• , •••.••.•••••••• 5. 3 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 2.4 

Carbonate (COJ ••.•••••.•••••••• 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.••.•.••• 64 

Sulfate (804) • • • • ••••••••.•••••••••• 11 

Chloride ( C 1) •••••••••••••••••.••• 3.0 

Fluoride (F) ..•....•......••.•••. .4 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••.•••••••••• 1. 3 

Dissolved solids ••••••••••••.••• 98 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

T()tSLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 

Noncarbonate •••••.••••••••••• 4 

Color ................... ............ 12 

pll .•...•.•.•.•••..•••.•••••••••••••.• 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c •. .) .•.... 137 

Turbidity •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••••••••• -- Date of collection ~ •••••••••••••• 11/17/51 

l/ Analyzed by U. S. Geological Survey. 

2/From Yankee Doodle Creek. 

1/Sum of determined constituents. 

26 

} 12 14 14 

0 0 0 

82 77 52 

12 25 24 

5.0 4.5 4.5 

. 3 • S3 . 2 

-- -- -- ~91 .tf105 ys4 

61 67 45 

0 3 3 

-- -- -- -- -- --

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12/12/44 12/12/44 12/12/44 
CALDWELL 

(Population, 10, 48 7) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 11, 000. --

Source: 14 artesian wells (12 flowing), from 112 to 405 ft deep, 6 to 20 in. in 

diameter. The yield of the wells ranges from 427 to 1, 200 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by State Dept. of Public Health, Boise, Idaho) 

Pump 

House No.1 

(6 wells) 

Silica (Si02) •••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ••.•....••.•.•.•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ................ 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ............... Potassium (K) •.•.•••••••. } 

Carbonate (COs) .•••...... 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .••••......... 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••. 

Nitrate (NOs) ...•.••.•..•... 

Dissolved solids •.....••. 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ...•.••••••....•...•.. 

Non car bonate • · · • · • •• •• • 

Color •.•...•.••..••..•..•..•. 

pH .......•...•...•..•..•••.••. 

Specific conductance 

(mic;romhos at .25 C. ) 

Turbidity .•.•...•••..•.•.••. 

Temperature (F.) •••••••. 

Date of analysis .•...•... 

Depth (feet) .......•....•.•• 

Diameter (inches) ....... - Date drilled .•...•..•...... 

Percent of supply ........ 

1/ College Heights Well._ 

YCemetery Well. 

33 

. 02 

-- 11 

2.6 

14 

0 

73 

5.4 

2 

.4 

<:.1 

106 

39 

0 

-- 7.4 

--

0 

-- 6/24/49 

--

--

--

38 

Pump 

House No.2 

(5 wells) 

33 

. 02 

-- 19 

2. 5 

38 

0 

144 

9. 4 

7 

• 7 

c::::.1 

182 

59 

0 

--

7. 4 

--

0 

-- 6/24/49 

--

--

--

48 

:Y Analyzed by U. S. Geological Survey. 

_!/Date of collection. 

27 

Pump Pump 

House House City Hall 

l)No. 3 y'No. 4 Yweu 

32 32 28 

. 02 . 02 • 02 

-- -- --- 20 12 14-

3. 1 2.5 1. 4-

37 12 { 41 

2.9 

0 0 0 

146 71 135 

9. 5 4.6 12 

8 2 6.9 

. 7 . 3 . 7 

<.1 c:::.1 . 3 

186 94 173 

63 40 41 

0 0 0 

-- -- -- 7. 7 7.3 8.2 

-- -- 254 

0 0 -- -- -- 68 

6/24/49 6/24/49 jJ 6/4/51 

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 10 --
COEUR D'ALENE 

(Population, 12, 198) 

Ownership: Idaho Water Co. (subsidiary of Boise Water Corp.). 

Source: Coeur d'Alene Lake. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: Coeur d'Alene Lake. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 750, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished ·Finished Finished 

1/water water !/water 

Silic·a (SiOa) .•••••••••• -- 10 Hardness as CaC08: 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• 0.37 -- Tote.! •••••••••••••••.• 27 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 8 

Calcium (Ca) •••••.•••• 7 -- Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2.4 -- Color···················· -- Sodium (Na) ........... ) 1.3 1. 8 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.0 

Potassium (K) ••••••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ 24 25 25 c. ) ............... -- Sulfate (SOJ •.••••••••• 10 3.0 'Pllrbidity •••••••••••••• 7 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• -- • 2 Temperature (F.) ••• 39 

Fluoride (P) •••••••••• -- . 2 Date of collection ••• 4/29/48 

Niirate (NOJ ••••••••• -- . 4 

Dissolved solids ••••• 58 -- 1/ Analyzed by State Dept. of Health, Boise, Idaho. 

28 

Finished 

water 

21 

0 

--

--

53 

--

51 

11/2/49 
IDAHO FALLS 

(Population, 19, 218) 

Ownership: Municipal. Total population supplied, 19,230. 

Source: 4 wells (Big Pump no. 3 well, Boulevard Well, I Street Well, and Central Park Well), 365, 365, 395, and 1, 630ft deep. Emergency supply from 

21st Street Well, 342ft deep. The yield of these wells is reported to be 

4, 000, 3, 400, 3, 200, 3, 000, and 4, 000 gpm. During the winter months Big 

Pump No. 3 furnishes 90 percent and the Boulevard Well, 10 percent of the 

supply. I Street Well and Central Park Well are used as needed during the 

summer months. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 500; 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by State Dept. of Public Health, Boise, Idaho) .. 

Big Pump no. _y'Wells 

3 Well1./ (composite) 

Silica (S_iOa) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• Z6 -- Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 02 0.2 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Calcium (Ca) • •• •• •• •• •• ••••••••••••••. 74 76 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 23 22 

Sodium (Na} ••.••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 22 

~ 17 Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 4.2 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 312 305 

Sulfate (SO~ ••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 42 40 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 17 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• · . 2 . 2 

Nitrate (NOa) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6. 7 -- Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 366 376 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

T()tSLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 279 280 

Noncar'bonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 24 30 

CCllClr ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 -- pH ••.••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.8 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 15 C. ) ••••••••••• 598 -- Turbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Temperature (F • ) .................... 56 50 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 3/28/51 AI 5/12/45 .. 

Depth (feet) ..••......•..•....•...•... 365 

Diameter (inches) .•....•......•.•• 22 -

Date drilled .....•......•...........• 1937 

Percent of supply .....•............ -- YAnalyzed by U. S. Geological Survey. 

YBig Pump no. 3, Boulevard, and I Street wells .. 

...3./Date of analysis. 

29 

Central Park 

Well 

-- 0. 18 

-- 50 

16 

24 

12 

178 

44 

22 

. 1 

-- 272 

190 

25 

0 

8.3 

--

2 

51 

1/22/51 

1,630 

20-16 

1946-7 

--
KELLOGG 

(Population, 4, 913) 

Ownership: Idaho Water Co. (subsidiary of Boise Water Corp.); supplies also 

Osburn, Smelterville, Wardner, and about 225 people outside the city. 

Total population supplied, about 7, 100. 

Source: Big Creek (south and west forks) supplies Kellogg, Smelterville, and 

consumers outside the city limits. Wardner is supplied from Slaughterhouse 

Gulch, and Osburn from McFarren and Meyers Creeks. There is a closed 

connection with the Bunker Hill system for emergencies. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 4 tanks totaling 190,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: --

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by State Dept. of Public Health, Boise, Idaho) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...............•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..........•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride {Cl) .......••..... 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

} 

Big 

Creek 

7 

. 05 

. 0 

6.4 

2.9 

1.6 

0 

32 

3.5 

1 

. 0 

. 0 

47 

Hardness .as CaCOs: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbonate .••.•....••. 

Color ......................... . 

pH .••.••..•.....•••.•..•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity •••..•.•...•••..•.•. 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••••• 

Date of collection ••••••... 

30 

Big 

Creek 

28 

2 

..1.-

7. 1 

46 

10/23/50 
Ownership: Municipal. 

LEWISTON 

(Population, 12, 985) 

Source: Clearwater River; auxiliary supply from ·2 wells (1 and 2) 362 and 275 ft 

deep. The yield of the wells is reported to be 400 and 800 gpm. The wells 

are connected to the low-leveldistribution system and are used about 2 months 

of the year. 

Treatment: Clearwater River: prechlorination and ammoniation, coagulation 

with alum and lime, fluoridation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and 

adjustment of pH for corrosion control. Well water, chlorination only. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2 open brick reservoirs, 1, 000,000 gal each; 2 open 

concrete reservoirs, combined capacity 7, 600, 000 gal; 1 concrete tank, 

250,000 gal; and clear well, 125,000 gal. · 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

lfRaw water Finished Well2 Ywater 

Silica (SiO:a) •..••••••••••••••••.•••••• -- 12 60 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0.05 . 03 . 06 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- .0 

Calcium (Ca) • ···• •••• ................. 5. 2 l2 17 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 1.9 2.4 5.8 

SCHiium (Na) •••••.••••••••••••••••••••• 

~ 2.9 { 6. 9 } 31 Potassium .(K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2. 1 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 29 43 149 

Sulfate (SO.). ........................... 1.6 14 3.4 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 2. 5 4 

Fluoride (" •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 1 1.2 .8 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••.•••••••••••••••••••• -- . 3 .0 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 49 77 . 200 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

~()taLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 40 66 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 5 0 

CCll()r ...••••.•••.•••••..•••.•••••••••••• 5 5 -- pH ••..••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.2 7. 5 8.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• -- 109 -- Tu.rbidity •.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 -- -- Temperature (F. ) • •• •. • • •• • ••••••••• 60 -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 10/16/50 9/7/51 9/27/48 

J)Clearwater River. Analyzed by State Dept. of Public Health, Boise, Idaho. 

JJ Clearwater River. 

31 
Regular determinations a,t treatment plant, .1949-5 o 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaCQ3 . pH as CaC03 Turbidity (ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max 

Raw water ......... 33 42 

Finished water ... 26 37 

Min· Av Max. Min 

10 7.2 7.3 6.9 

14 7.8 9. 1 6. 9 

MOSCOW 

(Population, 10, 593) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

'29 32 5 14 550 3 

32 61 15 0 -- --

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 30 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 10, 620. 

Source: 4 wells (1 to 4). Wells 1 to 3, each 254 ft deep; well 4, about 350 ft deep. 

The yield of these wells is reported to be 500-600, 820, 1, 200, and 400-600 

gpm. Wells 1, 2, and 3 are located close together. Well 4 is about threequarters of a mile from wells 1, 2, and 3. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 800,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by State Dept. of Public Health, Boise, Idaho) 

Well3 Well4 Well3 Well4 

Silica (SiOa) •••••..••• 57 59 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•••.•••••••• 1.2 2.0 Total ................. 137 137 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 02 . 02 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 35 32 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 12 14 Color···················· -- -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 

} 16 14 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.2 7.2 

Potassium (K) ••••••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 171 171 25 c. ) ............... -- -- Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 25 23 T\lrbidity •••••••••••••• -- 21 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 3 2 Temperature (F.) ••• 51 51 

Fluoride (F) ••.••.•••• . 3 . 3 Date of collection ••• 2/26/51 2/26/51 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• .0 .0 

Dissolved solids ••••• 240 236 

Depth (feet) .........•.....•.•.•....•...........•••.•...••..•••••••.•...... 254 350 

Diameter (inches) ..•.........•..........•....•..•.......••.•...•..•... 15 24 

Date drilled ................................•....•..•.•....••.•.•......•.. 1927 -- Percent of supply .............•.....•....•...•.•••.•••••••••••••••..•.. -- --

32 
NAMPA 

(Population, 16, 185) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 250 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 16,450. 

Source: 5 artesian wells (1 to 5), 452,. 452, 503, 575, and 452ft deepo The 

yield of wells 1 and 2 combined is reported to be 1, 000 gpm. The yield of 

wells 3, 4, and 5 is reported to be 900, 980, and 700 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 225, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses in parts per million by Idaho State Dept of Health Boise Idaho) ' ' . .,, ., 

Wells Well3 Well4 Well5 1 and 2 

Silica {SiOJ •.•••••••••••••••••••• 28 32 28 31 

Iron (Fe) ••••••.•••••••••••.•••••••• . 0 .0 .0 .0 

Manganese (MD.) ••••••••••••••••• . 0 .0 . 0 .o 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••••••••••••••• 12 16 14 14 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 2.2 1. 2 1.7 1.7 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••••.•••••••••• } 53 54 51 49 PotassiUm {K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonate ( COJ ••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) ••••••••••••• 161 168 168 154 

SuHate (S04) • • • • • • • ................ 8.2 9. 0 5. 0 7. 6 

Chloride ( Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••• 7. 8 8 7 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... 1. 5 1.2 1. 2 1. 5 

Nitrate (NOJ •••••• " •••••••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Dissolved solids •••••••••.•••••• 185 201 186 188 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

~Cltsll •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 45 42 42 

Noncarbonate ••••••••••••.•••• 0 0 0. 0 

Color .................... ............ 0 0 0 0 

pH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25· C. .. ) •••••• -- -- -- -- Turbidity •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Temperature (F.) •••••••••••••• 75 76 80 76 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••• 4/25/51 4/25/51 4/25/51 4/25/51 

Depth (feet) .....••...•......•.... 452 503 575 452 

Diameter (inches) •...•.•...•.• 10, 8 16 16 16 

Date drilled ...••..•...••........ 1927-8 1949 1948 1947 

Percent of supply ............... -- -- -- --

33 

/ 
POCATELLO 

(Population, 26, 131) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population ~upplied, about 26,600. 

Source: Gibson Jack Creek (70 percent of supply); Mink Creek (20 percent of sup-. 

ply); 8 wells from 70 to 105 ft deep (10 percent of supply). The yield of the 

wells ranges from 350 to 1, 200 gpm. Well 5 is used regularly; the other 7 

wells are used mostly during the summer months. Well 5 is 100ft deep and 

is reported to yield 1, 000 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: Approximately 11,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: -- · 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Mink Gibson Jack 

Creek Well5 Creek 

(raw water) (finished water) 

Silica (SiOJ •.•.•.•••••••.•••.•••••••• 23 23 14 

Iron (Fe) •••••.••••••••••••.•••.••••••• . 03 . 02 . 12 

Manganese {Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ····•· ••••• •• •••••• •••••• 58 65 30 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 15 24 6.6 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••••.••..•••.••••••• 12 32 6.0 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2.7 5. 1 1.4 

Carbonate (COJ .••••.•••.•••••• ~ •••. 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ...•••••••••••••• 249 300 116 

Sulfate (SO.). •.•••••••..••••.•••••••••. 8.8 35 6.4 

Chloride (Cl) .••••••.•.••••••••••••••• 16 38 9. 1 

Fluoride (J!) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 1 . 2 . 1 

Nitrate (NOs) •••••.••••••••.•••••••••. . 2 5.3 . 5 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••••••••••••• 260 368 136 

Hardness as CaC03: 

TotaL! ••••.••.•••••••••••••••••••.•••• 206 260 102 

Noncar'bonate •••.•.•••••••••••••.•• 2 14 7 

Color ................................... 12 5 12 

pH ....••.••....•••.•••.••••••••••.•••.••• 8.2 7.5 7. 9. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••••••••••• 437 629 219 

Turbidity .••••.•.•.•.••••••.••.••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) · • .•. • • · .•••••••••• 42 52 42 

Date of collection •••••••••••••••.••• 3/29/51 3/29/51 3/29/51 

Depth (feet) .•...•...•......••..........••.••............•. 100 

Diameter (inches) .......••..........•.•.••.....•••..... 18 

Date drilled ........................•...•...•.•..•••..... -- Percent of supply ..................•.••...•.•.•..•...... --

34 
TWIN FALLS 

(Population, 17, 600) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies 33 people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, 17, 633. 

Source: Snake River. The city water is obtained from the lower-line canal of the 

Twin Falls irrigation system. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and 

chlorination. 

Rated capacity of. treatment plant: 6, 000,000 gpd. (The filter plant is being enlarged so that it will have a capacity of 10, 000, 000 gpd.) 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoir, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

SUica (SiO:a) •••••.•••• 19 17 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 02 . 03 Total •••••••••••••••• 192 197 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 28 44 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 49 51 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 17 17 Color···················· 5 7 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 22 23 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 8. 1 7. 9 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 4.3 4.2 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCO,) 200 186 25 c. ) ............... 459 483 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 47 56 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 2~ 27 Temperature (F. ) ••• 49 45 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 7 . 7 Date of collection ••• 3/26/51 3/26/51 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••• . 9 .3 

Dissolved solids ••••• 280 293 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

A.v Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

.Raw water .•...•..• -- 190 -- 8.2 8.3 8. 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ... -- 180 -- 7.4 7.5 7.4 -- -- -- -- -- --

35 
MONTANA 

ANACONDA 

(Population,· 11, 254) 

Ownership: Anaconda Copper· Mining Co. Water supplied to copper smelter with 

branch line for city distribution. 

Source: Warm Springs Creek impounded in Georgetown Lake, Silver Lake, Twin 

Lake, and Storm Lake; auxilia-ry supply 3 wells, 35, 40, and 50ft deep, used 

when surface-water supply is turbid. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Raw-water storage: 11, 958, 000, 000 gal in Georgetown Lake; 4, 281, 000, 000 gal 

in Silver Lake; relatively small quantities stored in Twin and Storm Lakes. 

Finished-water storage: None. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Hafner ·Warm 

Springs Wells !/Creek 

Silica (SiOJ •••••.•••• 14 11 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•••••••••••• . 02 . 04 Total •••••••••••••••• 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 52 24 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 12· 3.9 Color···················· 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 3.0 1.6 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1. 1 . 8 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 186 83 25 c. } ............... Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••. 25 8. 1 Turbidity· •••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 1.9 1. 2 Temperature (F.) ••• 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 . 3 Date of collection •.• 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••• 1.9 . 6 

Dissolved solids •• ,. •• 203 94 ~ 

Depth (feet) ...............................................•........... 

Diameter (inches) .....•......................••••.•••.••....•....... 

Ilate ~illed .......................................................... . 

Hafner 

Wells 

179 

27 

5 

8.2 

339 

--

45 

6/22/51 

Percent of supply .....•...................•........•...••......•.... 

35, 40, 50 

15 

1935-36 

48 

Regular determinations at treatment plant , 19 50 

Alkalinity Hardness 

Warm 

Springs 

!/Creek 

76 

8 

5 

7.6 

150 

--

46 

6/22/51 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm} (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

.Raw water .•.....•. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water .•. 101 116 58 7. 9 8.7 7.6 92. 108 77 -- -- -- 1/ Finished water. 

_t/Warm Springs Creek water. 

36 
BILLINGS 

(Population, 31, 834) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 10,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 41,800. 

Source: ·Yellowstone River. 

Treatment: Primary sedimentation (coag\ilation with alum during period of high 

turbidity); coagulation with alum, chlorination, ammoniation, secondary settling, addition of lime, polyphosphate, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. Activated carbon and copper sulfate are used during part of the year. 

Rated cagacity of treatment plant: 18,.000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 7, 000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 6, 740,000 gal. 

Rated capacity of the plant will be increased late in 1951 to 22,000,000 gpd. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 12 10 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 02 . 05 Total ................... 139 148 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 10 . 02 Noncarbonate •••••• 19 28 

Calcium (Ca) .......... 35 38 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 13 13 Colc>r ••••••••••••••••••• 3 3" 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 28 29 pH •••••••••.••••••••••••• 8.2 7. 7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 2.4 2.6 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COa) .•••. o· 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 147 146 25 c._) ••.••••••••••••• 388 407 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 71 78 Turbidity •.•••••••••••• 9 2 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 6.5 7.5 Temperature (F. ) ••• 56 57 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 • 3 Date of collection •.• 9/17/51 9/17/51 

Nitrate (NOs) .••••.•••• 1. 4 1.6 

Dissolved solids ••••. 242 257 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 120 186 49 8.2 8.6 7.9 153 284 58 47 620 10 

Finished water ... 122 193 54 8.2 8.5 7. 7 168 302 76 25 160 9 

37 
BOZEMAN 

(Population, 11, 325) 

Ownership: Municipalj also supplies about 200 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 11, 500. 

Source: Bozeman Creek (2/3 of supply) and Lyman Creek (1/3 of supply). Middle 

Creek is used as an auxiliary supply. 

Treatment; Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: 9, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 3, 000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 6, 000, 000 gal. 

Bozeman Creek water enters the distribution system on the south side of the city 

and Lyman Creek water on the north side. The system is interconnected and 

consumers may receive either one or a mixture of the supplies. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in p~ts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Lyman Lyman Bozeman Bozeman 

Creek (raw Creek (fin- Creek (raw .Creek (fin- water) ished water) water) 1shed water) 

Silica {SiOz) • o •••••••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ••••••.•.•••••.•••.•••••••• 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•...••...•.•••.••••• 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 

Soditu01 (Na)o•••••••••••••o•••••••• 

Potassitu01 (K) ••••• o ••••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COJ .••.••••••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ •.•..••••.••• 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • ... • •• 

Chloride ( Cl) •.••.••.•.•••••••.•.• 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••.•••••••••••• 

Nitrate (NOJ ..••••••...•••••••••. 

Dissolved solids •••••.•.•.••.••• 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ........................... . 

Noncarbonate .••••.••.•••.•••• 

Color ................... ........... . 

pH .•.•.••.••••••.••••.••••••••••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 2S C. ) ••.••. 

Tul-bidity ......................... . 

Temperature (F.) .•••.••.•••••. 

Date of collection ~ •••••••••••••• 

9. 0 7. 7 20 20 

. 02 • 08 . 02 . 02 

. 02 • 02 . 03 . 03 

40 40 27 27• 

16 16 7.9 7.9 

. 5 . 5 3. 1 3. 0 

. 4 . 7 1. 7 1. 8 

6 0 0 0 

170 183 121 121 

18 13 8. 0 8. 0 

1.0 1.5 .5 .5 

.1 .1 .1 .1 

1.1 1.4 1.0 .6 

1 78 171 13 2 13 2 

166 166 100 100 

17 16 1 1 

2 2 4 4 

8.4 8.2 7.5 7. 5 

306 309 208 207 

2 2 3 3 

53 53 45 45 

9/22/51 9/22/51 9/22/51 9/22/51 

38 
GREAT FALLS 

(Population, 39, 214) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 5, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total populatioa supplied, about 44, 200. 

Source: Missouri River. The water flow~ through 36 and 48 in. pipe lines from 

the intakes into a sump, from which it is pumped to the treatment plant. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, activated carbon, break-point 

chlorination, sedimentation, carbon, rapid sand filtration, and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 24, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 470,000 gal in suction well. 

Finished-water storage: Clear well, 667, 000 gal; tanks, 10, 575, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. s. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiO:a) •••••.•••• 19 16 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••.•••• . 02 .31 Total ................... 151 151 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 09 . 00 Noncarbonate •••••. 10 23 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 40 41 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 12 12 Color .••••••••••••••••••• 5 3 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 20 20 pH ••••••••••••••••••.•••• 8.1 '-!1 •. 4 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 3.8 3.0 S~ecific conductance 

Carbonate (COs} •.••• 0 0 (micromhos at . ~~ ~ ~· 

Bicarbonate (HCOs} 172 156 25 c. ) ............... 372· ,, ' :::a-8·6 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 38 47 Turbidity •••••••••••••• 8 '·2 

Chloride {Cl) ••••••••• 11 15 Temperature (F. ) ••• -- 62 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 8 . 8 Date of ~ollection ••. 9/25/51 9/25/51 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••. 2.4 . 8 

Dissolved solids ••••• 234 241 

RegUlar determinations at treatment plant, 1951 1/ 

July 1950 -Alkalinity Hardness 

to as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

July 1951 (ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ....... :. 150 200 146 8.4 8.6 8.0 142 202 120 69 1500 5 

Finished wate.r .... .j 130 180 126 7. 7 8. 1 7. 5 142 202 120 . 68 1. 10 . 45 

1/Fiscal year. 

39 
HELENA 

(Population, 18, 581) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 200 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 18, 800. 

Source: Tenmile Creek impounded in Chessman Reservoir, about 60 percent of 

supply (low service); Springs collected in Hale Reservoir, about 40 percent 

of supply(high service). Three wells (Wolston, Tenmile, and Eureka~ emergency supply, hav·e not been used for several years. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. Copper sulfate is used for algae 

control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: 12, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 550,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 5, 000, 000 gal. 

• ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished 

!/water 

Silica (SiOj •••••.•••• 16 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 04 

Manganese (Mn) ...... . 14 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 9. 0 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2. 6 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 2. 5 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.8 

Carbonate (COs) •.••• 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 17 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 20 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 3. 0 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 2 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••. 1. 4 

Dissolved solids ••••• 76 

j/Tenmile Creek system. 

·2/Hale Reservoir system. 

Finished Finished 

_;!water .!/water 

25 Hardness ·as CaC03 : 

. 01 Total ................... 33 

. 00 Noncarbonate •••••• 19 

54 

13 Color···················· 18 

7. 3 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7. 1 

2.3 Specific conductance 

o· (micromhos at 

181 25 c. ) ............... 92.6 

52 'Purbidity ••••••••••••.• 6 

4.0 Temperature (F.) ••• 63 

. 1 Date of collection ••• 9/24/51 

2.6 

259 

40 

Finished 

_gjwater 

190 

42 

2 

7.7 

395 

1 

52 

9/24/51 
KALISPELL 

(Population, 9, 737) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 650 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 10,400. 

Source: Noffsinger Spring; emergency supply, 2 wells. Both spring and wells 

are located on the bank of Stillwater River. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 1, 750, 000 gal. 

ANA~YSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. s. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si<la) •..•.•...•••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•..•.•.•••..•••. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•••..•..••... 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ..••......••••. 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (CO,) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ••••• 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ...•...•••.•••• 

Fluoride (F) ...••..•..•.•.. 

Nitrate (N01) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•.•••••. 

Noffsinger 

Spring 

13 

• 02 

43 

9. 1 

3.5 

2.7 

0 

180 

2.6 

1. 0 

.o 

. 1 

157 

Hardness as cacaa: 

T<>tlll ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

N oncar boute •••••.•...•. 

Color ......................... . 

pll ••••.•.••..•••••••••••.••••... 

Specific conductllnce 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ..................... . Tu.rbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••••• 

Date of collection •••.•••.• 

41 

Noffsinger 

Spring 

145 

0 

3 

7. 6 

274 

55 

6/21/51 
MILES CITY 

(Population, 9, 243) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies 10 people outside the city limits. Total population 

supplied, 9, 253. 

Source: Yellowstone River (about 90 percent of supply) and 1 well 553ft deep 

(about 10 percent of supply). The well water is mixed with the river water 

before it enters the treatment plant. 

Treatment: Softening with excess lime, or lime and soda ash, coagulation with 

alum, settling, recarbonation, rapid sand filtration, Chlorination, and ammoniation. Recarbonation is sometimes carried out in the clear well. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 400, 000 gal. 

The percentage of river water and well water used varies throughout the year. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Yellowstone Well Finished water River (raw water) (composite) (raw water) 

Silica {SiO~ •••••.••••••.••••...•••••• 12 11 8.5 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• . 02 . 06 . 06 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- . 04 .04 

Calcium (Ca) • •• •• • ••• •••••••••••••••• 60 1.1 13 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••.•••••••• 20 . 1 8.1 

Sodium (Na) •••••.•••••..••••••.••••••• 68 340 112 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 2.9 . 9 2.8 

Carbonate (CO~ ••••..••••••.•••••.•• 0 41 0 

Bicarbonate (HCO~ ••••••••••••••••• 177 729 85 

Sulfate (S04). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 215 32 216 

Chloride (Cl) .......................... 11 26 13 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 5 2. 2 . 7 

Nitrate (NO~ ..••.•••••••.•••••••••••• 1.8 2.0 1. 4 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••••.•••••••• 496 830 422 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

T<>taLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 231 3 66 

Noncarbonate •••••.•••••••••••••.•• 86 0 0 

Color ................................... 4 22 3 

pH.' ...•.......•..•••••••••••••.••••••••• 8.3 8.8 7.9 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .•..••••••• 737 1,320 663 

Tu.rbidity .••••.•••.•••••••••••••••.••• 270 10 2 

Temperature (F. ) .•.•.•••••••••••••• 48 52 52 

Date of collection •••••••••.••..••••• 9/26/51 9/26/51 9/26/51 

16091 

42 
Raw water ......... 

Finished water ... 

Regular dete'nltinaticms at treatment plant, 19 so 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max· Min 

-- -- -- 7. 8 -- -- 239 479 86 

68 -- -- 8.2 -- --

MISSOULA 

(Population, 22, 485) 

60 -- -- . 

Temperature 

Av Max Min 

-- 74 32 

-- -- --

Ownership: The Montana Power Co.; supplies also about 2, 000 people outside 

the city limits. Total population supplied, about 24, 500. 

Source: Rattlesnake Creek; emergency supply 6 wells (1 to 6), 122, 90, 116, 86, 

69, and 122 ft deep. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 80, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 8 lakes in the upper drainage basin of Rattlesnake Creek with 

a total capacity of 820, 000, 000 gal; reservoir at intake dam 3, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Distribution reservoir 1, 000, 000 gal. 

Storage lakes are located about 13 miles directly north of Missoula. The water 

is diverted from the creek at the intake dam , which is located about 3! miles 

north of the city. The water is screened and treated at the intake dam. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) .............•. 

Iron (Fe) ....•............... 

Manganese (Mn) .••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COs) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .........•..... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Rattlesnake Rattlesnake 

Creek (fin- Creek (finished water) ished water) ~----------~------~~------__. 5. 2 Hardness as CaCOs: 

. 03 Total ....................... . 

4.5 

1.1 

. 8 

• 8 

0 

15 

1.8 

1.2 

. 1 

. 1 

22 

Noncarbo11.ate .••.•....••. 

Color ......................... . 

pH .••..••••......•..•..•......•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•................ 

Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•.•. 

Date of collection .••...... 

43 

16 

3 

5 

7. 5 

27 

55 

6/22/51 
NEVADA 

BOULDER CITY 

(Population, 3, 903) 

Ownership: U. S. Government. 

Source: Lake Mead. 

Treatment: Softening by the excess lime-soda ash process. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 100, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 4, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses by Metropolitan Water District of Southern Calif. , Laverne, Calif.).!/ 

Lake Lake Lake Lake 

yMead yMead yMead yMead 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••• 9. 6 9.4 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• -- • 01 Total .................. 291 129 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 167 64 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 78 23 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 23 18 Color ••••••••••••••••••• -- 0 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• } 80 128 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 8.0 8.7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 7 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 151 65 25 c.) •.•.••••••••..• 900 -- Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 246 247 'Purbidity · •••••••••••••• -- 0 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• .59 60 Temperature (F.) ••• 64 80 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• -- -- Date of collection ••• 10/22/48 11/8/48 

Nitrate (NO.) ••••••••• 1.6 1.8 

Dissolved solids ••••• 572 526 

Regular dete17minaticms a,t treatment plant, 1948 

Alkalinity 

as CaC03 (ppm) 

Av 

Raw water ......... 137 

Finished water ... 73 

1/Parts per million. 

yRaw water. 

_[/Finished water. 

Max Min 

140 134 

75 70 

pH 

Av ·Max 

8.3 8.3 

8.8 9.3 

44 

Hardness 

as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) 

Min Av Max Min Av M;tx Min 

8.3 320 344 293 0 0 0 

8.5 128 144 113 0 0 0 
Ownership: Municipal. 

ELKO 

(Population, 5, 393) 

Source: 5 wells (10 and 12 to 15) 400, 570, 495, 488, and 465 ft deep. The yield 

of the wells is reported to be 500, 650, 550, 650, and 500 gpm. Water for 

limited irrigation use is obtained from springs. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage:. 2, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) ...•......••.•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•....••.. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•....•...•.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ....••... 

Sodium (Na) •..•........... 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (COs) .......••. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••.•••• 

Fluoride (F) ...••..•..•.•.. 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Wells 

(composite, 

city tap) 

86 

• 03 

37 

6.6 

39 

12 

0 

169 

45 

23 

. 4 

1. 7 

334 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .. , ................... . 

Noncarbonate ............ . 

Color .......................... . 

pll •••..•.••.•.••••.••.••......•• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••...••............... 

Turbidity ·········:·········· 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••..• 

Date of collection ••••.•••• 

Depth (feet) ...........................•....•..•...••..•....•....................... 

Diameter (inches) ............................................................... . 

Date drilled ..................................................... ~ ................. . 

Percent of supply ............................................................... . 

45 

Wells 

(composite, 

city tap) 

119 

0 

7 

7.5 

438 

5/20/51 

400-570 

12, 16 

1936-1948 

100 
ELY 

(Population, 3, 558) 

Ownership: Municipal: also provides the entire supply for Kennicott Copper 

Corp. at Ruth, and other consumers outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 4, 550. 

Source: Murry Springs. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: None. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•........ 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..........•... 

Magnesium (Mg) •••.••••. 

Sodi urn (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) •••••.•••••• 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Murry 

Springs 

(city tap) 

9. 7 

. 01 

46 

20 

3.3 

. 9 

0 

228 

11 

2.7 

• 0 

2.0 

195 

Hardn~ss as CaCOs: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbonate .••.•....••. 

Color ......................... . 

pH .••..•..•...•.•••.•..•..•..... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••••.•••.......•....... 

Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) ...••••.•• 

Date of collection •••...... 

46 

Murry 

Springs 

(city tap) 

197 

10 

3 

7. 7 

360 

12/11/51 
HENDERSON 

(Population, 3, 643) 

Ownership: Colorado River Commission of Nevada; supplies also the unincorporated towns of Victory Village, Carver Park, and Pittman. Total population 

supplied, about 6, 300. 

Source: Lake Mead. 

Treatment: Chlorination, ~d copper sulfate for algae control in reservoirs. 

Rated capacity of treatment. plant: 22,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoirs, 34, 961,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: None. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Carl Wilson, Los Angeles, Calif.) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ........•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•...•....... 

·Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .•.•.......••.. 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (CO,) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .. ~ ....•.....• 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

. ~ 

Finished 

water 

12 

. 05 

-- 74 

19 

92 

6 

156 

233 

58 

--

--

571 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate .••.•.•..••. 

Color ......................... . 

pH .••..••.•.....••..•.....••.... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity .•.........•••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection •••.••... 

47 

Finished 

water 

263 

125 

11/29/48 
LAS VEGAS 

(Population, 24, 624) 

Ownership: Las Vegas Land and Water Co. 

Source: 11 artesian wells (1 to 1l) with depths ranging from 472 to 1, 250ft, and . 

3 springs. All of the wells are flowing wells, 5 of which are not equipped 

with pumps. The yield of the wells is reported to range from 241 to 1, 665 

gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 3, 750, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by u. s. Geological Survey) 

Composite 

sample from Well6 Well11 Spring 1 

reservoirs 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••••••••••••. 14 14 14 13 

Iron (Fe) •••.••••••••••••••••••••••• . 10 -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• . 00 -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ...................... 49 50 48 51 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 26 26 24 25 

SCMiitUDl (Na) .•••••••••••••••••••••• 6. 7 

~ 7 12 4 Potassium (K) •• : •••••••••••••••• 1.9 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••.•••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••• 236 238 224 238 

Suit ate (S04) • ...................... 46 43 50 37 

Chloride (Cl) •••••••••••••••••.•.• 3.9 3.5 4.5 2.9 

Fluoride (F) ..............•....•. . 3 . 2 . 3 . 3 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••.•••••••••• 1. 8 2. 1 1. 6 1. 5 

Dissolved solids •••••••••.••.••• 266 263 264 252 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

~()tal •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 229 232 218 230 

Noncarbonate •••••.••••••.•••• 36 37 34 35 

Color ................... ............ 5 5 5 5 

pH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.6 7.7 7. 7 7. 6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 2.5 c .. ) ...... 439 430 432 424 

Turbidity •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• 11/2/51 11/2/51 11/2/51 11/2/51 

Depth (feet) ...................... -- 500 940 

Diameter (inches) .•.....•..••. -- 11-13 11 

Date drilled .......••.....•••.... -- 1941 1945 

Percent of supply ...•...•..•.. 100 -- --

48 
NORTH LAS VEGAS 

(Population, 3, 875) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about .50 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 3, 925. 

Source: 8 artesian wells ranging in depth from about 300 to 750 ft. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoir, 145, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) •..•....•.••.•. 

Iron (Fe) .•.•....•••.••••••. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .••..••...•.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ••••...•••.•••. 

Potassium (K) .•..•.•.••.. 

Carbonate (COs) ••.•...•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC01) ••••• 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) •..•.••••.••.• 

Fluoride (F) ...••..•.••.... 

Nitrate (N01) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .....•••. 

Composite 

sample from 

reservoir 

18 

• 02 

43 

24 

5,0 

5.3 

0 

226 

33 

3.2 

. 1 

1. 3 

235 

Hardness as caco.:-

1r()tal ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Noncarboute •••••.•••.•• 

Color ......................... . 

pH ••••.• · .•••••••••••••••.•••.••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •...... ················ 

Turbidity •••.•.. # • .' •••••••••• 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••••• 

Date of collection •••.••••• 

49 

Composite 

sample from 

reservoir 

206 

21 

3 

7.6 

397 

70 

3/29/51 
RENO 

(Population, 32, 497) 

Ownership: Sierra Pacific Power Co. ;·supplies also Sparks. Total population 

supplied, about 40,700. 

Source: Truckee River (70 percent of supply) and Hunter Creek (30 percent of 

supply); auxiliary supply from 2 wells (1 and 2) 590 and 404ft deep. The 

yield of the wells is reported to be 2, 750 and 2, 700 gpm. 

Treatment: Sedimentation and chlorination of surface water sources. The well 

water is not treated. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 40,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoirs, 77, 300, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: None. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•............... 

Manganese {Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..........•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ..•.....•... 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sullate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..... 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Composite 

(city tap) 

28 

0 09 

9. 8 

3.8 

4. 1 

1. 6 

0 

29 

27 

1.2 

. 1 

• 3 

91 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

T<>~l ...•.........•••.••..•. 

Noncarbona.te .••...•••••• 

Color ......................... . 

JPII •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•••.............. 

Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) ..•••.•..• 

Date of collection •••.••.•. 

SPARKS 

(Population, 8, 203) 

Ownership: Sierra Pacific Power Co. (See Reno) 

50 

Composite 

(city tap) 

40 

16 

7 

7.0 

110 

5/20/51 
Ownership: Municipal. 

NE·WMEXICO 

ALBUQUERQUE 

(Population, 96, 815) 

Source: 42 wells, mostly in four principal well fields. Main plant (along east 

edge of valley between Central Ave. and Indian School Road) 20 wells 142 to 

716ft deep; Candelaria (Candelaria Road at Arno Street) 4 wells 288 to 578 

ft deep; San Jose (South Broadway at San Jose Road) 6 wells 306 to 503ft 

deep; Atrisco (at Helen Circle) 8 wells 356 to 558 ft deep; 4 wells at other 

locations in the city. 

Treatment: Chlorination, and settling in clear wells. 

Finished-water storage: 22, 100, 000 gal. 

Water from Main. plant and Candelaria fields is directly pumped to. main pumping 

station and supplies portions of city in valley east of Rio Grande and nearby 

parts of city on east mesa. Water from Atrisco field supplies west mesa and 

valley areas west of Rio Grande and is also pumped directly to outlying areas 

in eastern part of east mesa. San 1 ose field is used only during periods of 

heavy water demand. 

Water from Main plant and Candelaria fields was similar at time of sampling and 

is represented by one analysis for Main plant. The individual wells in the 

main well field differ somewhat in the chemical character of their waters and, 

therefore, the composition of water supplied at any point in the system will 

vary from time to time depending on which wells are in use. Tap samples 

collected at approximate weekly intervals at the Geological Survey laboratory 

ranged in conductance from 327 to 516 micromhos during 1950, and from 352 

to 749 micromhos during 1951. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Main Atrisco Main Atrisco 

Pump Pump Pump Pump 

l!/Station !/Statioll 1/Station 2}Station 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••• 71 63 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ••.••.•••••••. . 0 . 0 Total ................... 116 85 

Manganese (MD) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••. 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 32 24 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 8.8 6. 1 Coldr···················· 2 1 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• } 42 71 pH .•••••••••••••••••••••• 7.9 7.6 

Potassium (K) ••••••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ 161 163 25 c. ) ............... 404 471 

Sulfate (S04) ........... 54 82 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 12 12 Temperature (F.) ••• 76 61 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• • 7 • 9 Date of collection ••. 10/12/51 10/12/51 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••••••• . 6 • 7 

Dissolved solids ••••• 310 340 

Depth (feet) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••o•••• -- 365-558 

Diameter '(inches) ...•..••......••••••••• ~············••o····· ............ -- 14-10 

Date drilled ••••••••••••••••••••••o•••••••••••••••~•••••• ••••••••••••••••• -- 1950-51 

Percent of supply ..•..••..•••...•••••.•••••••••. o ....... o ................ ±75 -:t:lO 

.!/Broadway and Tijeras. Composite sample from wells 2-S, 3-S, 4, 6-S, 

11-S, 13, and 19 in main well field . 

..YComposite sample from wells 1, 2, and 4 in Atrisco well field. 

51 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CARLSBAD 

(Population, 17, 975) 

Source: 7 wells (4, 6, 7 to 9, and 11 and 12) on west side near Carlsbad Canal, 

233, 125, 143, 152, .115, 163, and 245ft deep. Two wells (14 and 15) on east 

side near the Country Club area,each 200ft deep, were under construction in 

1951. The yield of the wells is reported to be 1, 200, 1, 600, 700, 1, 250, 

1, 100, 1, 100, and 3, 000 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 350,000 gal. 

The chloride concentration of water from the wells fluctuates somewhat during the 

year. All wells in the west-side group yield water of similar compositioil. 

The analyses represent water of maximum and minimum dissolved solids obtained from these wells at the time of the collection of the samples. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. s. Geological Survey) 

Well9 Well 12 Well 9 Well 12 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 14 15 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ..•••.•••••••• . 0 -- Total ~ ••••••••••••••• 5.44 598 

Manganese (MD) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 326 384 

Calcium (Ca) .......... 144 159 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 45 49 Color···················· 0 2 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 83 ~ 114 

pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.9 -- Potassium (K) ••••••• 3.2 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ..••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 266 262 25 c. ) ............... 1,370 1,540 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 321 390 Turbidity •.•.•••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 133 158 Temperature (F.) ••• 64 -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 4 -- Date of collection ••• 5/10/51 5/10/51 

Nitrate (NO,} .•••••••• 3. 2 3.0 

Dissolved solids ••••. 878 1,020 

Depth (feet) ..........•.....•.•..••......•..•••..•.•....••••.•...•....•.•• 115 245 

Diameter (inches) ......................................••............... 15j- 18 

Date drilled ··················~·········································· 1945 1948 

Percent of supply ...•...................••.••..••.•••.••••.••......•...• -- --

52 
CLOVIS 

(Population, 17, 318) 

Ownership: Public Service Co. of New Mexico. 

Source: 9 wells (2, and 4 to 11) 362, 360, 345, 348, 354, 361, 351, 407, and 4'38 

ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to be from 550 to 840 gpm. 

Treatment: Sedimentation and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 7, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 1, 715,000 gal. 

All wells yield water of similar composition. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•.•..••.. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•...•...•.•. 

Magnesium (14g) ..•..•... 

Sodium (Na) ..••.......•... 

Potassium (K) •..••.•••... 

Carbonate (CO,) ••....••.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .•.....••..... 

Fluoride (F) .•.••..•.••.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•....•.. 

Well2 

32 

28 

21 

39 

. 00 

8.0 

0 

235 

23 

13 

2.6 

9. 5 

292 

Hardness .as caco.: 

TC>tlll •..•.••.•.•....••••.••. 

Noncarbona.te •••.•. -. ••••. 

Color .......................... . 

pll ••••.••••• , .•••••.••.•.••••••. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 .c.) •••••••••••.••..•..••. 

Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••••• 

Date of collection •••.•..•. 

53 

Well2 

156 

0 

0 

7. 8 

457 

5/8/51 
Ownership: Municipal. 

GALLUP 

(Population, 9, 133) 

Source: 10 wells (two of which are heltl in reserve for emergencies) located in 

the city, 375 to 1, 800ft deep. · The yield of the wells is reported to be ·from 

60 to 235 gpm. 

Treatment: Partial softening with lime, coagulation with alum, pressure filtration, 

and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 000,000 gpdo 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 4, 600,000 gal. 

The composition of the water delivered to the consumers varies somewhat depending on the proportions obtained from different wells. Hardness is reduced to 

a range between 150 to 200 ppm in the finished water 0 The samples represent 

a composite of raw water from all wells in use at time of sampling and the 

treated water supplied to consumers at time of sampling . 

. ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••• 14 15 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•••••••••••• . 03 . 01 Total .................. 334 160 

Ma.pganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••. 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••. 86 21 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 29 26 Color···················· 3 3 

Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• ~166 167 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 70 5 8.0 

Potassium (K) •• ~ •••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••. 0 23 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 424 173 25 c.) .....••..•••..• 1,230 974 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 297 293 Turbidity •.•••••••••••• -- -- Chloride ( Cl) ••••••••• 26 25 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• 0 6 .4 Date of collection ••• 12/5/50 12/5/50 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••.•••• . 5 . 5 

Dissolved solids •.••. 828 656 

54 
Ownership: Municipal.· 

HOBBS 

(Population, 13, 8 7 5) 

Source: 9 wells (1, and 3 to 10) 207, 207, 207, 207, 145, 152, 210, 210, and 210 

ft deep. Three of the wells (4, 6, and 7) are held in reserve and constitute an 

emergency supply. The yield of the wells is reported to be from 400 to 1, 250 

gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Storage: 800, 000 gal. 

All wells yield water of similar quality. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) ...•.......•.•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•...•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ...•.......••.. 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (CO,) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Well9 

56 

78 

14 

41 

. 0 

3.2 

0 

207 

81 

61 

1.2 

9.7 

463 

Hardness as cacas: 

Total ...•......•......••.... 

Noncarbonate .••...•....• 

Color •.••..•...•••.•..•.•.•.... 

pH •••.•••••...••....••••........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ..................... . Turbidity .••........•••..•.•. 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•... 

Date of collection ••...•... 

Depth (feet) •••••••.••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••...•••••••.•••••••••••.•• 

Diameter (inches) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 

Ilate dbrilled .........•••...•........•..••.••.....••..•.•.......•..................• 

Percent of supply .............••.•.•............•••..••.............•....•........ 

55 

Well9 

252 

82 

2 

7. 5 

681 

67 

5/9/51 

210 

16 

1947 
LAS CRUCES 

(Population, 12, 325) 

Ownership: Municipal; also serves suburban areas. Total population served, 

about 15, 000. 

Source: 7 wells (1 to 7). Six wells (1 to 6) 294 to 301 ft deep are located at the 

reservoir 1 mile .east of the city; the other well, 215 ft deep, at Washington 

school. The yield of the wells is reported to be 250, 205, 270, 310, 250, 400, 

and 800 gpm. Most of the supply is taken from the reservoir well field. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Storage: Reservoir, 2, 88-5, 000 .gal. 

The analysis of the sample from well 3 shows the quality of the best water from 

the reservoir well field. Dissolved solids in the water from the other wells 

as shown by partial analysis ranges between that shown for well 3 and that for 

well 7 at Washington school. 

A~ALYSEs· 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well3 Well 7 Wel13 Well7 

Silica (SiOa) ••.••••••• 30 32 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• • 07 . 13 Total .................. 238 629 

Manganese {Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 92 270 

Calcium (Ca) .......... 69 196 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 16 34 Color ••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 57 173 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.6 7. 3 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 7. 0 6~0 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) 178 439 25 c.) •.•...••..••..• 741 1, 810 

Sulfate (804) •••••••••• 112 401 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••.•••• 78 153 Temperature (F.) ••• 70 65 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 4 . 1 Date of collection ••• 9/10/51 9/10/51 

Nitrate (NOJ .••.••••• 0 6 7.8 

Dissolved solids ••••• 474 1,260 

Depth (feet) .•......•.........•....•.••..••..••...•...••••••••••...•.•.... 301" 215 

Diameter (inches) ....................................................... 10 16 

Date drilled .....•...........••...•••........•..••...••••••••.•...•......• 1938 1951 

Percent of supply ........................................................ · -- --

56 
LAS VEGAS 

(City and town) 

(Population, 13, 763) 

Ownership: Public Service Co .. of New Mexico. Serves Las Vegas (city), population 7, 494 and Las Vegas (town) p'op\ll.ation, 6, 269. Also serves suburban 

areas outside of these two places. T·otal population served, about 14, 800. 

Source: Gallinas River impounded in reservoirs 6 miles above community. 

Treatment: Sedimentation· and chlorination. Alum coagulation used occasionally 

(2 to 3 weeks a year average) for settling prior to the entry of the water to the 

reservoir . 

• RAted capacity of treatment plant: (Alum plant) 1, 000,000 gpd. . 

Raw-water storage: 4 reservoirs, 8, 000,000, 68,000,000, 103,000,000, and 

30, 000, 000 gal. Total, 209, 000, 000 gal. · 

Finished-water storage: 8, 000,000 gal. 

Analyses represent raw water from the two largest reservoirs. The alum plant 

was not being used at the time of the collection of the samples. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Peter- Bradner Peter- Bradner 

son Res- Reser- son Res- Reser~ 

ervoir voir ervoir voir . 

. Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 8.9 9. 6 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•••.•••••••. . 01 • 01 Total ................... 126 152 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -·- Nancarbonate •••••• 6 ·.4 

Calcium (Ca) •.•••.•••• 43 52 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 4.4 5.4 Color···················· 0 0 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 3.4 6. 1 pH .•••••••••••••••••••.•• 8.2 8.2 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1. 0 1. 2 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ••••• 0 6 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ 145 168 25 c.) •. -•.••••••••.•• 251 308 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 12 14 'Purbidity ..•.•••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 2.0 3.0 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 2 .2 Date of collection ••. '6/5/51 6/5/51 

Nitrate (NOs) .•••••••• . 2 . 2 

Dissolved solids ••••. 150 181 

57 
' 

Ownership: Municipal. 

ROSWELL 

(Population, 25, 738) 

Source: 10 wells (2 to 11) 320 to 586 ft deep. Wells 2 to 9 are located near the 

Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad in the downtown area; wells 10 and 11 

in new well field 6 miles west of the city, near Highway 70. The yield of the 

wells is reported to be from 500 to 3, 300 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 5, 000, 000 gal. 

The analyses given represent waters of about maximum and minimum dissolved- • 

solids content pumped into system. Water delivered to consumers ranges between these extremes. 

ANALYSEs· 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

. Well6 Well 10 Well6 Well 10 

Silica (SiOJ ...••.•••• 15 15 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ••.••.••••••• ~ . 0 -- Total .................. 664 588 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 484 394 

Calcium (Ca) ••••.•••. 187 168 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 48 41 Color···················· 0 2 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 124 54 pH ••••••••••••••••••••.•• 7.7 7. 9 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 2.2 3.4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 219 237 25 c.) •.•..••• -.-•.•.•• 1,740 1,250 

Sulfate (804) •••••••••• 486 421 Turbidity .••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) .•••.•••• 185 58 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 7 . 7 Date of collection ••• 5/11/51 5/11/51 

Nitrate (NOJ .••.••••. 6.7 7.5 

Dissolved solids •••.. 1,160 886 

Depth (feet) ............•.....................................•...••••••..• 330 586 

Diameter (inches) ............................................•..•...•••.• 16 13i 

Date drilled ..........................•............•..........••..•.••••••• -- -- Percent of supply .............................................•..•••.••..• ±20 ±20 

58 
SANTA FE 

(Population, 27, 998) 

Ownership: Public Service Co. of New Mexico. 

Source: Santa Fe Creek (impounded). Auxiliary supply from 5 wells (Alto Street, 

Hickox, Torreon, Ferguson, and Santa Fe) 313, 200, 570, 470, and 725 ft 

deep, respectively. 

Treatment: Plain sedimentation, chlorination, and addition of polyphosphate (Calgon) for corrosion control. Copper sulfate is used to control algae in the reservoirs. 

Raw-water storage: 1, 326,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 5, 000, 000 gal. 

The surface supply is used exclusively in years when runoff is sufficient. Water 

from Torreon, Ferguson, and Santa Fe wells is of about the ·same composition. 

Water from the Hickox and Alto Street wells is somewhathigher in dissolved 

solids. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Santa Fe 

Creek Torreon Well Santa Fe Well 

(finished water) 

-Silica (SiOj ••• ,. •.•••••••••••••.•••••• 11 15 16 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• . 03 . 0 0 02 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ••• •• •••• •••••••••••••••• 8.0 46 56 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 2.4 7.0 5. 1 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 3.0 4.8 5. 7 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 9 1.2 1.2 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••.•••••••••••••• 30 130 154 

Sulfate (SO~ ••••••••.••••••••••••••••• 6.3 5.5 21 

Chloride ( Cl) ..•••••••.••••••••••••••• 1.7 12 11 

Fluoride (F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 2 .0 0 1 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 2 30 15 

Dissolved solids •••..••••••••••••••• 58 207 217 

Hardness as CaC03: 

1rotaLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 144 160 

Noncar'bonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 5 38 34 

Color .................................... -- 0 0 

pH •...•••••••..••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.9 7. 9 8.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •••••.••••• 72.0 311 347 

Turbidity .••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••••• • ••••••••••• -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 6/9/43 6/7/51 6/7/51 

Depth (feet) ·························•····••·••··•·••••··•• 570 725 

Diameter (inches) ..............••••...•••••••••••.•••••• 12 16 to 17 

Date drilled ...•.......................•••..•.•.••..•.•••• 1951 1951 

Percent of supply ......................•..••..••......•. -- --

59 
TUCUMCARI 

(Population, 8, 419) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also a small area outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 8, 470. 

Source: 10 wells; ·2 wells (1 and 2) in West field, 350 and 333 ft deep and reported 

to yield 240' and 260 gpm; 8 wells (14 to 21) in Metropolitan Park, 250 to 378 

ft deep and reported to yield an average of 160 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 3, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 900,000 gal. 

An additional well in Metropolitan Park was under construction in 1951. 

The analyses show the quality of water produced from the two well fields. Most 

of supply comes from the Metropolitan Park field. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U . S . Geological Survey) 

Weill Well 20 Welll Well 20 

- Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 16 20 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 0 . 01 Total ................. 116 191 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 17 32 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 18 27 Color···················· 0 -- Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 118 54 pH •••••.••••••••••••••••• 8.0 7. 7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 3.6 5.0 Specific conductance 

Carbonate ( COJ •.••• 10 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 315 299 25 c.) ............... 707 572 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 84 48 Turbidity •••••••.•••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 11 10 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• 1.0 1.4 Date of collection ••• 5/7/51 5/7/51 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••.•••• 5.3 5. 7 

Dissolved solids ••.•. 433 342 ·- . 

Depth (feet) ··························•······················•••••••··••···• 350 378 

Diameter (inches) ................................•..•....•.••••••........• 12 14 

Ilate dbrilled ······················~········································· -- -- Percent of supply ..........................................•••.•••...•.... -- --

60 
UTAH 

BRIGHAM CITY 

(Population, 6, 790) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about · 2, 000 people . at· ~pe Indian school out-· 

. side-the .city limits. Total population supplied, about 8, ·800. . 

Source: Halling Spring, located at the head of Box 'Elder Canyon near Mantua. 

Auxiliary supply, 2 wells, 205 and 412ft deep and reported to yield 900 and 

1, 600 gpm. Well 1 is used as needed during summer months. Well 2 has not 

been used for 2 years. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 3 reservoirs, 1, 200,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by u. s. Geological Survey) 

; 

Halling Spring ywell1 1/Well.2 

. Silica (SiOJl •.•.•.•••••••••••.•.•••••• 13 13 16 

Iron (Fe) •••• ~ .•••.•••••••••••••••••••• . 04 . 0 .. 2 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- ·o 0 

Calcium (Ca) • •••••••• •••••••••••••••• 44 52 49. 

M·agnesium. · (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 21 20 .. i9 

SCHiium. (Na) •••••••••••.••••••••••••••• 8.3 } 4. 5. 8.8 Potassium (K) •• , •••••••••••••••••••• 2. 7 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 239 226 .228· 

Sulfate (SO.). ........................... 9. 2 17. 13 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9. 6 10 12 

Fluoride (F') ........................... . 2 . 2 • 1 

Nitrate (NOj ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2. 7 4.4 3. 1 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••••••••••••• 224 243 243 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

~CltSLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 196 212 201 

Noncar'bonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 27 14 

CCll<>r •••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 -- -- pH ••.•••••••••.•••• ···~· •••••••••••••••••• 7. 9 7. 8 8.2 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••••••••••• 404 -- -- Ttlr bidity • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • ••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••••••••••••••••• 53 -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 3/30/~1 4/50 4/18/50 

Depth (feet) ............•..•..••...•...••.••..••...•.•....•. 205 412 

Diameter (inches) ..••.•••.•.•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 16-12 

Date drilled •••••••.•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1935 1946 

Percent of supply ...............•..••••.....•............ -- -- 1/ Analyzed by Utah State Dept. of Health, Salt Lake City. 

61 
Ownership: Municipal. 

LOGAN 

(Population, 16, 832) 

Source: Dewitt Springs, located in Logan Canyon 7 miles from the canyon ·mwth. 

Emergency supply from a canal from the Logan River. 

Treatment: No treatment of spring water. Chlorination of canal water when used. 

Storage: 3, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Dewitt Logan Dewitt Logan 

Springs River Springs River· 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••. 5.3 8.0 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••. .01 . 01 Total •••••••••••••••• 196 211 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 8 14 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 49 50 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 18 21 Color···················· 5 5 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 1.4 3.0 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 8. 1 8. 1 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.6 2.7 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••. 0 6 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 230 228 25 c.) ..•..•••••••••• 352 379 

Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 8. 1 14 Turbidity •••••••••••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 1.8 5.5 Temperature (F.) ••• 47 45 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 0 . 1 Date of collection •.• 3/30/51 3/30/51 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••••••• 2.7 .8 

Dissolved solids ••••. 193 212 

62 
MURRAY 

(Population, 9, 006) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 150 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 9, 150. 

Source: McGhie Springs and tunnels located near mouth of Big Cottonwood Canyon; auxiliary supply, 27 flowing wells and Little Cottonwood Creek (see Salt 

Lake City). Twenty-one of the flowing wells, 44 to 290 ft deep, are in the 

Vine Street ,group. The remaining 6 flowing wells are in the Baker group. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoir: 1, 000,000 gal. 

The flow from McGhie Springs and tunnels is reported to be about 2, 200 gpm; the 

flow from the wells is estimated to be between 1, 800 and 2, 200 gpm. About 

225 gpm is available from Little Cottonwood Creek when needed. The water 

from the wells and Little Cottonwood Creek is used to some extent 6 months 

of the year. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

McGhie Springs Vine Street Baker Wells and tunnels Wells 

Silica {SiOa) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 8.2 20 14 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 03 . 02 . 02 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 53 58 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 12 17 22 

Sk>dium (Na) ••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 3.9 16 35 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.8 3.7 3.6 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••.•••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 136 199 214 

Sulfate (SO..). •••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 38 47 70 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 .. 5 17 42 

Fluoride (P) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 2 . 3 . 2 

Nitrate (NO a) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• .8 3. 2 5. 9 

Dissolved solids ••••.•••••••.•••••••• 174 270 363 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

~()t~l ..••..•..••••••••••.•••••••.•••. 147 202 235 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 35 39 60 

Color ..................................• 5 5 5 

pH ••..•••.••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8. 1 8.0 7.7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) .•••••••••• 297 446 607 ~rbidity •.•••.••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- ~emperature (F. ) ••.•••••••••••••••• 45 52 52 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 3/9/51 3/9/51 3/9/51 

Depth (feet) ..................................••••••••••.•• 44 to 290 -- Diameter (inches) .........................•.•••••.•••••• 5 -- Date drilled . .............•.•........•......•••••••••••••••• -- -- Percent of supply •••••••••••••••••••••••o•••••o••••o•••• -- --

63 
Ownership: Municipal. 

OGDEN 

(Population, 57, 112) 

Source: System of 46 artesian wells 84 to 600ft deep, about 10 miles northeast 

of the city, located beneath Pine View Reservoir in Ogden Canyon; auxiliary 

supplies from creeks tributary to Ogden River (Wheeler, Coldwater, and 

Warmwater Canyons), Divine Springs in Ogden Canyon, and 4 wells, 600, 

484, 495, and 472 ft deep. 

Treatment: Chlorination. Open reservoirs are treated with copper sulfate for 

algae control. 

Storage: 60, 000, 000 gal. 

The artesian well field was developed before the construction of Pine View Dam 

impounding the Ogden River in Pine View Reservoir covering the well field. 

To preserve the supply the wells were capped and undercut at an average 

depth of 9 ft below the original outlet. 

The flow of the wells passes through steel pipes to 3 collector mains which empty into a steel collector tank encased in concrete. From the collector tank 

the water is carried by a 38 in. steel pipe 9, 000 ft long to a point just below 

Pine View Dam where it connects with the city main through Ogden Canyon. 

The flow of the wells in controlled and after the filling of Pine View Reservoir was 24 second-feet; an increase of 39 percent over the original maximum natural flow. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Artesian Airport Airport Airport Well at 23rd 

Weill 1/~Nell 2 h{Well 3 St. & Van Wells (East well) ~West well' • A. A.) Buren Ave. ' ., Silica (SiCa) .•..•...••...... 11 21 16 14 25 

Iron (Fe) ••.......•..••.•... . 01 0 23 0 5 0 1 • 09 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..•........... 45 49 55 36 120 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••.••••• 11 15 22 16 

K 

33 

Sodium (Na) .....••.•.••.•. 8.5 31 } 18 46 235 

Potassium (K) •........... 4.0 8.0 13 

Carbonate (CO,) ..•....... 0 0 -- -- 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 183 272 268 273 162 

Sulfate (S04 ) ................ 12 7.7 12 2.2 12 

Chloride (Cl) •............. 8.8 23 22 22 595 

Fluoride (F) ••.•....••..... 0 1 0 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 

Nitrate (NOs) ..•........... 4.7 0 0 -- 0 0 7 

Dissolved solids .•..•..•. 188 279 290 282 Y1, 120 

Hardness as caco,: 

Total ...•.•.••••........... 158 184 228 156 435 

Noncarbonate . · · • · · •. •. • 8 0 8 0 302 

Color ........................ 2 -- -- -- -- pH .......•...•...•.....•.•..•. 7.6 8. 1 7.9 8.0 7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 334 479 -- -- 2,070 

Turbidity ................... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••.••. 65 -- -- -- -- Date of collection ........ 4/17/51 9/11/50 11/6/48 3/23/49 9/11/50 

_!/Analyzed by Utah State Dept. of Health, Salt Lake City. 

_gjConcentration variable. 64 
OREM 

(Population, 8, 351) 

Ownersh!p: ~unicipal. Total population supplied, about 10,000. 

Source: Alta Ditch (fed by spring about 5 miles up Provo Canyon), group of 

small springs in lower Provo Canyon, Provo River impounded in Deer Creek 

Reservoir (see Salt Lake City); emergency supply from 2 drilled wells, 468 

and 470ft deep, each with a reported yield of 500 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination.. The well water, when used, is pumped directly into 

the distribution system and is not treated. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 3 reservoirs, 2, 650, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S •. Geological Survey) 

Silica (SiOz) .•••••••••••••.•••••••••• •• 

Iron (Fe) •.•••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••• ..... Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

SCHii~ (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Car 'bonate ( COJ ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) .•••••••••••••••• 

Sulfate (SO.). .......................... . 

Chloride (Cl) ·····················•••!" 

Fluoride (" •.•••.•••••••••••••••••••• 

Nitrate (NO a) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

TCltSLl •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 

Noncar'bonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 

C<>l<>r ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

pH····!' •••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• 

'ru.rbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Temperature (F. ) •••.•••••••••••••••• 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 

Alta Ditch 

(raw water) 

4.8 

. 01 

-- 30 

10 

1. 2 

. 6 

0 

128 

12 

1. 1 

. 2 

1.3 

122 

116 

11 

5 

8.0 

221 

--

50 

8/28/51 

Springs 

{chlorinated 

water) 

8.2 

. 02 

-- 51 

18 

6.8 

1.6 

0 

240 

28 

7. 0 

. 2 

3.5 

243 

201 

5 

5 

7.6 

427 

--

54 

8/28/51 

Depth (feet) •.••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Diameter (inches) ••••••••.••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 

l)ate drilledl ......................•...................•••••.•..••.•.••.......•.. 

Percent of supply .............................•....•.••••..•••••••.•••....•... 

65 

Canyon Road 

Well 

15 

. 01 

58 

24 

7.4 

• 8 

0 

223 

56 

15 

• 2 

3.4 

300 

243 

60 

5 

7. 6 

470 

59 

8/28/51 

468 

12, 10, 8 

1946 
PROVO 

(Population, 28, 937) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 400 people outside the city limits. 

Total population sppplied, about 29;350. 

Source: Springs in Provo Canyon: Yellow Jacket Spring, Spring Dell Spr~ng, 

Mary's Spring, Canyon Glen Spring, and several other small springs. Auxiliary supplies, creeks tributary to Provo River: Upper Falls, Bridal Falls, 

Lost Creek, and South Fork Creek; Provo River impounded in Deer Creek 

Reservoir (see Salt Lake City). The creeks of the auxiliary supply contribute 

9 to 10, 000, 000 gpd during summer months. During 1950 water· used from 

Provo River amounted to 378 acre-ft. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoir, 5, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS II 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (SiO~) ..........••... 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .••...•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

Sodium (Na) ...•.......•... 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Springs, 

composite 

(reservoir) 

7. 4 

38 

14 

. 02 

2. 9 

1.3 

0 

166 

19 

2.4 

. 0 

1.7 

167 

Hardness as CaCOa: 

T<>illl ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Noncarbona.te .••........• 

Color ......................... . 

pH .••..•..•.....••...•.•..•...•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. } ..................... . Turbidity .................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•.•• 

Date of collection •••...... 

66 

Springs, 

fOmposit~\ treservo1r 1 

152 

16 

6 

7.7 

300 

46 

3/23/51 
SALT LAKE CITY 

(Population, 182; 121) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Holladay and about 18,350 p~ople in suburban areas outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 

204, 100. 

Source: Big Cottonwood Creek,35 percent of supply; Parley's Creek impounded 

in Mountain Dell Reservoir, 21 percent of supply; Little Cottonwood Creek, 

16 percent of supply; City Creek,l5 percent of supply; Emigration Tunnel, 

4 percent of supply. Auxiliary supplies from 99 wells in artesian basin about 

7 miles southeast of Salt Lake City, 4 percent of supply; 5 pumped wells, 464, 

440, 385, 535, and 500 ft deep, 5 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation of surface-water sources; chlorination 

of water from artesian basin; pumped well water and Emigration Tuimel water 

not treated. Copper sulfate is used at Mountain Dell Reservoir for algae 

control. 

Raw-water storage: Mountain Dell Reservoir, 1, 050, 000, 000 gal; Twin Lakes, 

306,000,000 gal; Mary Lake, 242,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 11 reservoirs with a combined capacity of 52,900,000. 

gal. 

The composition of the water varies throughout the distribution system and 

changes considerably at different times of the year, although all supplies are 

mixed to some degree before reaching the consumer, except for City Creek 

which supplies the northern part of the city. The analyses given are believed 

to show reasonably well the composition of the water from the various sources 

of supply. 

An important future source of water (beginning 1952) supplied by the Metropolitan 

Water District will be Provo River impounded in Deer Creek Reservoir and 

carried in the Salt Lake Aqueduct. Two reservoirs, with a combined capacity of 40,000,000 gal, are now under construction to receive water· from 

Deer Creek Reservoir. 

67 
ANAL'YSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si<>i) .•.••....•....•. 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.....•...•.•... 

Big Cotwood 

Creek 

7. 1 

. 04 

36 

12 

Parley's 

Creek 

13 

. 02 

Little 

Cottonwood Cr 

6.7 

. 14 

77 22 

10 4. 9 

City 

Creek 

9.2 

. 05 

62 

17 

Deer 

Creek Reservoir 

10 

.-04 

Manganese (Mn) ••••.••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ............•. 

Magnesium (14g) •••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) . . . . . . • . • • • • . • • \ 

Potassium (K) • • • • • • • • • • • • f 

Carbonate (CO,) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 

3.7 

0 

123 

{ 16 r\. 4.6 If 4.4 8. 7 { 

59 

16 

12 

2.1 

0 

196 

58 

10 

Sulfate (804 ) ................ . 

Chloride (Cl) .•.•........•. 

Fluoride (F) •••••.••••••••• 

Nitrate (NO,) ....••.•...... 

Dissolved solids .•..•..•. 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Toml .....•••••... _ .....•.•. 

Noncarbonate .. ·•· •·••·· 

Color ..•....•.....•.....••... 

pll .......••..•..............•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C..) 

Turbidity .•.•...••...•...... 

Temperature (F.) •••••••. 

Date of collection •....... 

38 

4.0 

• 2 

. 7 

162 

139 

38 

8.2 

0 0 

269 60 

33 30 

20 2.1 

• 2 • 3 

.2 .9 

309 101 

233 75 

12 26 

8.0 7. 9 

0 

248 

17 

16 

. 1 

• 2 

252 

224 

22 

8.0 

281 515 169 443 

3/24/49 10/20/49 4/22/49 3/24/49 

68 

• 3 

1. 3 

270 

213 

52 

7.4 

436 

11/25/49 
Silica (SiOa) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) • • • •• •••• •••••••••••••••• 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••••.••••••• ·-· •••••• r\... 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• If 

Carbonate (COs) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 

Sulfate (SO.). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ......................... . 

Fluoride (I') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

~()taLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Noncar'bonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 

CCll()r ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

JJII ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••••••••••• 

Turbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

~em perature (F. ) • • ••• • • • ••••••••••• 

Date of collection •••••• u .......... . 

.Depth (feet) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Diameter (inches) .......•.•.....•• 

Date drilled .•...•..........•.•.•..•• 

Percent of supply ...............•• 

Emigration 

Tunnel 

125 

33 

17 

0 

320 

185 

20 

. 1 

2.4 

555 

448 

186 

835 

5/9/4_9 

4 

69 

Artesian 

wells 

(comoosite) 

14. 

. 03 

-- 54 

18 

{ 23 

2.9 

0 

196 

63 

28 

. 2 

4.8 

308 

208 

48 

--

7. 9 

512 

--

59 

8/8/49 

58 to 440 

--

--

4 

Well1056-A 

19 

83 

31 

35 

. 05 

2. 9 

0 

286 

99 

41 

.0 . 15 

471 

334 

100 

7.5 

755 

8/18/49 

464 

20 

1945 

3 
SOUTH SALT LAKE 

(Population, 7, 704) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 000 people in a school outside the 

city limits. Total population supplied, about 8, 700. 

Source: 6 flowing wells (1, and 4 to 8) 585, 932, 750, 631, 895, and 970ft deep. 

Auxiliary water is purchased from Salt Lake City, supplied by pipe line from 

wells in artesian basin (see Salt Lake City), and is automatically drawn upon 

whenever the pressure in the city mains drops below a certain point. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Elevated tank, 350, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.....••... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .............. . 

Magnesium (Mg) ......•.. 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••.. 

Carbonate (COs) •......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•..••.• 

Fluoride (F) .......•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•...••.• 

Flowing wells 

{composite) 

16 

88 

37 

52 

. 06 

3.0 

0 

241 

233 

40 

. 2 

. 9 

630 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbona.te •••.•.•...•. 

Color ......................... . 

pH .••.•••.••...••••.•••.•..••••.. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •••..•••.....•..•.•... 

Turbidity ..••...••..•••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••..• 

Date of collection •••.••... 

Depth (feet) ........................................................................ . 

Diameter (inches) ................................................................ . 

Date drilled ........................................................................ . 

Percent of supply ...........................•..................................... 

70 

Flowing wells 

(composite) 

372 

174 

7 

7.8 

903 

62 

3/9/51 

585 to 970 

4 

1946-50 

86 
Ownership: Municipal. 

TOOELE 

(Population, 7, 269) 

Source: Middle Canyon Springs located 2 miles southeast of Tooel~:!, and Settlement Canyon Spring located 1! miles south of Tooele. These springs furnish 

about 80 percent of the total supply. Auxiliary supply from 3 wells (1 to 3), 

452, 70, and 79ft deep. The wells furnish about 20 percent of the total 

supply. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs with a combined capacity of 4, 000,000 gal. 

Wells 2 and 3 are located just below the springs in Middle and Settlement .Canyons, 

respectively, so that the water from these wells is probably very similar in 

composition to the spring water. Well 1 is the main one in usE~ during the 

summer months. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Middle Canyon Settlement 

Canyon ..!/Well 1 Springs Sprine; 

Silica (SiOa) •••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••• 12 13 13 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• . 02 . 02 Y4.5 

Manganese (Mll) ••••••••••••••••••••• . 00 . 00 -- Calcium (Ca) • •••• • • •• •••••••••••• •••• 76 70 85 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 22 23 21 

SodituDl (Na)••••••••••••••••••••••••o•• 14 22 12 

PotassituDl (K) •••••••••••••••••• ~ •••• 2. 7 2.9 4 

Carbonate (COa} ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 298 305 276 

Sulfate (SO~ ........................... 39 20 35 

Chloride ( Cl) .•••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 36 30 

Fluoride (11 •.•••.•••••••.•••••••••••. . 1 . 1 -- Nitrate (NO a} ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2.4 1.8 -- Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 320 326 370 

Hardness as CaC01: 

TCltSLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 280 269 297 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 36 19 72 

Color ....••.............•............... 5 5 -- pH •..••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.7 7.6 8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••••••••••• 558 586 -- Tu.r bidity • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ................... 40 51 ,. -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 3/1/51 3/1/51 1/3/47 

Depth (feet) ····································~······························ 452 

Diameter (inches) ·•·················•··•·••·•·•··•········•·•··•··•···•····· 12-10 

Date drilled .................................................................... 1946 

Percent of supply .............•...........•..••..••...........•............• -- 1/ Analyzed by University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

_y'Iron ana aluminum oxides. 

71 
WYOMING 

CASPER 

(Population, 23, 673) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 1, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 24,700. 

Source: Inflitration gallery along banks of North Platte River; impounding reservoir 'on Elkhorn Creek used to service small number of homes in higher 

part of city; 3 . dug wells (1 to 3) each 30 ft deep, as stand-by. 

Treatment: Chlorination, and copper sulfate for· algae control as needed. 

Raw-water storage: Elkhorn Creek Reservoir, 1, 000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 4 open concrete reservoirs, 11,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) ••••.•••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) .•.•....•.•.•..•... 

Manganese (Mn) .••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..... ~ •..•..•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ...•........•.. 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (CO,) ••....•... 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .....•.••.•... 

Fluoride (F) .......•.••.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .••...•.. 

Infiltration 

gallery (finished water) 

11 Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Infiltration 

gallery (fin-) 1shed water 

• 03 Total . . . • . . . . • . . . . • • • . . . . • • . 3 2·9 

. 01 Noncarbonate • • • . • . • . . • • • 180 

91 ~~------------------~---------

25 Color ••••. •. . •.•••••.. •. • . •. •.• 4 59 pH.............................. 7.7 

3.9 

0 

182 

275 

21 

. 3 

1. 1 

615 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••••.•••.....•. ._ ...•.• 

Turbidity .•••.•.•..••••••••.. 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••••.•• 

Date of collection ••••.•... 

72 

869 

1 

60 

10/27/51 
CHEYENNE 

(Population, 31, 935) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies 10,000 to 12,000 people at Wa1rren Air 

Base. Total population supplied, about 41, 900 to 43, 900. 

Source: 14 wells ranging from 152 to 947 ft deep (11 of the wells are under 400 

ft in depth) furnish 25 percent of regular supply; 5 reservoirs irtcluding Granite Springs, Crystal Lake, Old North Crow, New North Crow, and South 

Crow--all on branches of Crow Creek furnish 75 percent of regular supply. 

Treatment: Well water, chlorination; creek water, coagulation with alum, slow 

sand filtration, chlorination, and copper sulfate, as needed, for algae control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 5 impounding reservoirs (capacity not known). 

Finished-water storage: 11,000,000 gal in open concrete basins and steel tank. 

The well water is chlorinated and pumped to storage in a steel tank which automatically discharges when filled, to finished creek water in open concrete 

basins. A mixture of well water and creek water is delivered to the mains. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Crow Creek Several wells Ji'inished water Reservoirs Raw water 

(raw water) (compesitel (city tap) 

Silica (Si();) •.•••.•••••••••••••.•••••• 13 23 14 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• • 02 . 09 . 03 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• . 02 . 02 . 02 

Calcium (Ca) • •• ·• •••••••••••••••••••• 26 39 29 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 4.4 5.8 4.5 

SCMiium (Na) •••••..••••.•••••••••.••••• 4.8 8.2 5.0 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.9 2.0 1.9 

Carbonate (COs) .•••.•••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ •••••••••••••••••. 100 155 105 

Sulfate (804). ........................... 6.0 6.0 7.0 

Chloride ( Cl) .•••.•••.••••••••.••••••• 2. 5 3.0 5. 5 

Fluoride {F') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.0 . 5 1.0 

Nitrate (NO a) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 7 5.7 1.2 

Dissolved solids •••..••••••••••••••• 122 174 134 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

1rC>taLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 83 121 91 

Noncarbonate •••••...•••••••••••.•• 1 0 5 

CC>l<>r •••••••••••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••• 6 2 4 

JPH •...••..••...•.•••••.••••••••••..•••••• 7. 6 8.1 7.8 

S]pecific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••••••••••• 189 268 207 

Turbidity •••••.•.••••••••••••••••••••• 3 . 9 2 

Temperature (F. ) .•••.•••••••••••.•• 44 53 56 

Date of collection •.•.•••••.••.••.••• 10/22/51 10/22/51 10/22/51 

73 
LARAMIE 

(Population, 15, 581) 

Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: Soldier SpriRgs, 24 percent of supply; City Springs, 30 percent of supply; 

Pope wells (1 to 3) 156, 162, and 158 ft deep (well 1 is not in use), 14 percent of supply; Sodergreen Lake 32 percent of supply (industrial and commercial use only). Sodergreen Lake, normally a nonpotable water, is also used 

for emergency purposes. 

Treatment: Chlorination of City Springs, Soldier Springs, and Pope wells. 

(Fluoridation unit to be installed. ) Sodergreen Lake is not treated. 

Finished-water storage: 2 concrete reservoirs 5, 000,000 and 2, 000,000 gal. 

The flow of City Springs is gathered by gravity system of tiles and sumps and 

enters reservoir about 1 mile east of town. The city main from the reservoir is interconnected with 16-in. line fro1n Soldier Springs and 12-in. line 

from Pope wells. When city consumption is less than rate of flow from 

Soldier Springs and Pope wells,. water backs into city reservoir. Pope wells 

are used· in summer months only. 

Water from Sodergreen Lake is used by Union Pacific Railroad, University of 

Wyoming (irrig. and hydraulics), and city cemetery. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Pope well 3 City Springs Finished water 

(raw water) (raw water) (composite) Jl 

Silica (SiO:a) •••.•.•••..•.••••••.•••••• 9.0 8.8 11 

Iron (Fe) ............................... . 04 . 04 . 02 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• . 00 . 00 • 00 

Calcium (Ca) ••• •••• •••••••••••••••••• 56 53 51 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 12 16 16 . 

Sodium (Na) •••••.••••••.•••.•••.•••••• 1.8 1. 3 1.3 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.2 1. 0 . 6 

Carbonate (COJ .•••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••.••.• 224 234 227 

Sulfate (SO~ ••.•••••.••.•••••.••••••.• 1.0 3.0 3.0 

Chloride (Cl) .......................... 3.0 3.0 3.0 

Fluoride (11 ....•.....•••...•.••.••.•. . 1 . 1 . 1 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••.•••••••.•••••••••••• 5. 9 5.6 5. 5 

Dissolved solids •••.•••.•••••••••••• 201 207 205 

Hardness as CaC03: 

1rotaLl ········~······················· 190 200 192 

Noncarbonate •••••.•••••••••••••.•• 6 8 6 

Color ................................... 2 2 2 

pH ....•••.•.•...••••••••••.••••••••••••••• 7. 8 8.1 8. 1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .•••••••.•• 361 370 362 

Turbidity •••••.••••.••••••••••.••••••• 1 • 9 . 8 

Temperature (F. ) .•.• • •••••••••••••• 46 46 49 

Date of collection •••••••••••.•••.••• 10/21/~1· 10/22/51 10/22/51 

_!/City Springs and Soldier Springs. 74 
Pope well 3 City Springs Finished water 

(raw water) 

Depth (feet) ......................... 158 

Diameter (inches) •...•...•..••... 15 

Date drijled .................•...••. 1939 

Percent of supply •• 0 ••.••••••••••• -- .!/City Springs and Soldier Springso 

Ownership: Municipal. 

RAWLINS 

(Population, 7, 415) 

(raw water) (composite) 1/ 

Source; 19 springs approximately 32 miles south of Rawlins for regular supply. 

Cross connection with the Union Pacific Railroad supply, Stat~ Penitentiary 

wells, and 1 municipal well 680 ft deep for emergency or auxiliary supply. 

The water is conducted (7 miles of gathering line) in wooden-stave pipe, 16-

inch diameter, for a distance of 32 miles--thence to storage. Springs have 

concrete boxes constructed for r~eceiving. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 4 ground, steel-covered tanks, 7, 750,000, 7, 750,000, 2, 000,000, and 

500,000 gal. Total storage 18,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) •..•......••.•. 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•.•..••.. 

Finished 

water 

32 

. 27 

. 01 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbonate .••.• ~ •.•••• 

Finished. 

water 

148 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 1 

Calcium (Ca) .••...•...•..• 

Magnesium (Mg) ......••. 

Sodium (Na) ...•.....•..•.. 

Potassium (K) ..•.....•... 

Carbonate (COs) .•.....•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••....• 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•.••.•.. 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•.•..•.. 

53 ~~------------------~---------

3.8 

14 

2.7 

0 

179 

33 

2. 0' 

. 1 

1.2 

237 

75 

Color ......................... . 

pll •••..•.••...••••.•••••..•..... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••.•• 

Date of collection •••...... 

2 

7.8 

345 

1 

52 

10/23/51 
Ownership: Municipal. 

RIVERTON 

(Population, 4, 142) 

Source: 10 wells 38.5 to 662ft deep with diameters from 6 to 10 in. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Steel elevated tanks,200, 000 gal. 

All wells are connected to a collecting line to storage and to the city mains, although all the wells are not pumped as a unit. It is reported that the North 

Park (1 well) and South Park (2 wells) wells, the shallowest of all the wells, 

yield water that is considerably more mineralized and harder than the water 

from the deeper wells, and hence these wells are considered primarily as 

standby wells. Normally the supply is obtained by pumping alternately several of the deeper wells at one time. 

The analyses given represent reasonably well the water as served to the consumers. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Fenton Burch Fenton Burch 

Well Well Well Well 

Silica (SiOa) •••••.•••• 11 13 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• .. 01 . 03 Total •••••••••••••••• 7 17 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 02 -- Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 2. 9 6.5 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• . 1 . 3 Color···················· 1 -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 160 142 pH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 8.7 8.6 

Potassium (K) ••••••• . 5 .4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••. 9 7 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 192 191 25 c. ) ............... 725 664 

Sulfate (SOJ .......... 161 125 'Purbidity •••••••••••••• 1 -- Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 13 9.9 Temperature (F.) ••• 56 55 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 4 .4 Date of collection ••• 10/27/51 10/22/48 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••• . 6 . 8 

Dissolved solids ••••• 472 394 

Depth (feet) ...•..••.......•..........••..•••.••••••..•.......••.•.•.......• 609 600 

Diameter (inches) .................. ·············~·· ...................... 10 8 

Date drilled ...................•..........••..••••••••...••................ 1947 1947 

Percent of supply ..•...........•.......••••••••••••.•....•............... -- --

76 
ROC~ SPRINGS 

(Population, 10, 857) 

Ownership: Southern Wyoming Utilities Co. (controlled by Union Pacific RailRoad Co.). Supplies also the city of Green River (population, 3, 187). Total 

popUlation supplied, 14, 044. 

Source: Green River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. Activated carbon used during periods of high turbidity .. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 8, 250,000 gal at Rock Springs. 

The treatment plant and intake are on the river at Green River. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. s. Geological Survey) 

Tap water 

Silica (Si~) ...........•.•. 7. 7 Hardness .as CaCOs: 

Tap water 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•...•..••.. . 03 Total ....................... . 250 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 

Sodium (Na) ...•........•.. 

Potassium (K) •.......•... 

Carbonate (C03) ••••••••.•• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•....•• 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .••...•.. 

. 00 Noncarbonate • • • . •. . . . . . . 102 

61 ~~----------------------------~-----------------

24 Color . . •. . . . . •. •• .. . . . •.• . .. . .. 5 

54 pH •••.. •.••... •• ••. .••.•...... .. 7. 7 

4.0 

0 

182 

206 

7.5 

. 1 

. 6 

474 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity •.•....••..•••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•..• 

Date of collection •••.••... 

686 

44 

3/13/51 

Regular determinations a,t treatment pla,nt, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max ~in Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 120 170 100 8.2 8.4 7.2 200 290 120 500 5000 30 

Finished water ..... 110 160 90 7.4 8.0 7.0 205 300 125 0 30 0 

77 
SHERIDAN 

(Population, 11; 500) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 2, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 13, 500. 

Source: Headwaters of Goose Creek impounded in Twin Lakes Reservoir in the 

Bighorn Mountains 17 miles from the city. 

Treatment: Plain sedimentation (12 hr detention), chlorination, and fluoridation. 

Rated capacity of treatment Plant; 800,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoir, 490, 000, 000 gal; settling .basins 3, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 5, 800,000 gal. 

The treatment plant is located several miles downstream from Twin Lakes Reservoir. Water from the treatment plant is piped through 16-in. pipe to 

storage in the citf. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Raw 'Finished Raw Finished 

water water water water 

Silica (SiO~ •••••••••• 9.3 10 Hardness as CaC01 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••• . 02 . 04 Total ................... 27 26 

Manganese (Mn) .•••••. . 05 . 03 Noncarbonate •••••• 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) •••••.•••. 7.0 6. 7 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2.3 2. 3 Color ••••••••••••••••••• 5 5 

Sodium (Na). • .•••••••• 2.9 3.2 pH •••••• , •••••••••••••••• 7. 1 7. 2 

Potassium (K) ••••••• .6 .4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs) ••••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ 36 34 25 c.) •..•..•••••••.•• 78.6 67.·9 

Sulfate (SOJ ........... 2.0 1.0 Turbidity •••••••••••••• 3 2 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 1.5 1.5 Temperature (F. ) ••• 35 -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 1 .8 Date of collection ••• 11/7/51 11/7/51 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••• . 7 . 3 

Dissolved solids ••••. 57 54 

78 
WORLAND 

(Population, ·4, 202) 

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies 51 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, 4, 2 53. 

Source: Two tile collection fields along the bank of the Big Horn River, 50 percent of the supply; Bighorn River 50 percent of the supply. The tile system 

collects irrigation return waters which are then mixed with the river water 

in the sedimentation basin. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 780, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Bighorn River South tile field Finished water 

(raw water) (raw water) (composite) 

Silica (SiOJl •.•••.•••••••.•••••••••••• 10 25 14 

Iron (Fe) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 02 . 10 . 03 

Manganese (Mrl) •.•••••••••••••••••••• • 0~ . 12 . 11 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••• •••••• 114 143 145 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 40 47 52 ~ium (Na) •••••.••••••••••••••••••••• 136 167 188 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 6. 1 8.5 

Carbonate (COs) ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (BCOJ ••••••••••••••••• 245 411 351 

Sulfate (SO~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 465 505 605 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 44 36 52 

Fluoride (I') •••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 6 . 7 . 6 

Nitrate (NOs) •.••.•••••••••••••••••••• 5.2 16 5.4 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 986 1, 150 1,240 

Hardness as CaC03: 

~()taLl •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 448. 552 575 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 247 215 288 

C<>lClr ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 5 5 

pH •...•••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.8 8. 1 7.7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• 1,360 1,630 1,750 ~rbidity .............................. 5 2 2 

Temperature (F • ) ••••••••••••••••••• -- 57 64 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 11/5/.51 11/5/51 11/5/51 

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