Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 207 Series P, Hydrographio Progress Reports, 61 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY

OF

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND 

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGES

1906

A. H. HORTON AND ROBERT FOLLANSBEE

DISTRICT HYDEOGRAPHKBB

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1907
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 207 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 61 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES 1). WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY

OF

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND 

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGES

1906

A. H. HORTON AXJ> EGBERT FOLLANSBEE

DISTRICT HYDROGRAPHEKS

Water Resources Branch, 

Geoiogical Survey,

Box ,3] 06, CV -"":- So, 

Oklahoma C\

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1907
CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction.............................................................. 1

Scope of work...................................................... 1

Definitions....................................................... 3

Explanation and use of tables....................................... 4

Convenient equivalents ........................................... 6

Field methods of measuring stream flow ............................ 7

Office methods of computing run-off................................. 13

Cooperation and acknowledgments ................................. 16

Hudson Bay drainage..................................................... 16

General features ...................................................... 16

St. Mary River drainage basin ......................................... 16

Description of basin............................................... 16

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont.................................... 17

St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta.............................. 19

Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb, Mont ............................... 20

Kennedy Creek near Babb, Mont .................................. 22

Red River drainage basin............................................... 22

Description of basin............................................... 22

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 23

Red River at Grand Forks, X. Dak................................. 25

Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn ............................ 26

Sheyenne River near Haggart, X. Dak ............................. 28

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn................................ 30

Pembina River near Xeche, X. Dak....... . . .................... 32

Miscellaneous measurements............... . .................... 34

Mouse River drainage basin............................................ 34

Description of basin...................... ........................ 34

Mouse River near Foxholm, X. Dak................................ 35

Mouse River at Minot, X. Dak...................................... 35

Des Lacs River at Foxholm, X. Dak ............................... 38

Upper Mississippi River drainage .................... ..................... 39

General features ...................................................... 39

Main Mississippi River................................................. 41

Mississippi River near Sauk Rapids, Minn.......................... 41

Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn................................... 43

Miscellaneous measurements........................................ 43

Crow River drainage basin.............................................. 45

Description of basin............................................... 45

Crow River near Dayton, Minn ... ............................... 45

Rum River drainage basin.............................................. 46

Description of basin............................................... 46

Rum River near Anoka, Minn ..................................... 47

HI
IV CONTENTS.

Upper Mississippi River drainage Continued. Page.

Minnesota River drainage basin......................................... 49

Description of basin............................................... 49

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn .............................. 49

Chippewa River drainage basin......................................... 50

Description of basin............................................... 50

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis............................. 51

Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis.............................. 52

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis............................... 54

Flambeau River survey ........................................... 56

Black River drainage basin............................................. 56

Description of basin............................................... 56

Black River survey................................................ 57

Black River at Neillsville, Wis .................................... 57

Wisconsin River drainage basin........................................ 59

Description of basin............................................... 59

Wisconsin River survey............................................ 60

Eau Claire River survey............................................ 60

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis ............................. 60

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis..................................... 62

Wisconsin River near Neeedah, Wis................................. 63

Wapsipinicon River drainage basin...................................... 65

Description of basin............................................... 65

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa............................. 65

Rock River drainage basin ............................................ 67

Description of basin............................................... 67

Rock River at Rockton, 111......................................... 67

Rock River near Nelson, 111....................................... 69

Rock River at Sterling, 111 ........................................ 70

Iowa River drainage basin............................................. 71

Description of basin............................................... 71

Iowa River at Iowa City........................................... 71

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa................................. 72

Red Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa ............................... 74

Des Moines River drainage basin....................................... 76

Description of basin............................................... 76

Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa ............................. 76

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa ............................. 77

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa............................... 79

Illinois River drainage basin............................................ 80

Description of basin............................................... 80

Illinois River near Peoria, 111....................................... 81

Desplaines River near Channahon, 111.............................. 82

Kankakee River at Davis, Ind..................................... 83

Kankakee River at Momence, 111 .................................. 85

Yellow River at Knox, Ind........................................ 86

Fox River at Sheridan, 111.......................................... 87

Index.................................................................... 89
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Map of United States, showing location of principal river stations

maintained during 1906......................................... 2

II. A, Current-meter rating station at Los Angeles, Cal.; B, Price current meters................................................... 10

III. A, Brunett Falls, Chippewa River; J3, Lower pitch of Big Falls,

Flambeau River............................................... 50

IV. A, Grandfather Rapids, Wisconsin River; B, Evaporation station,

Madison, Wis ................................................. GO

' FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of river, car, gage, etc.................. 11

2. Typical discharge, area, and mean-velocity curves.................... 15
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OE UPPER MISSISSIPPI AND 

JIUDSOX BAY DRAINAGES, 1906,°

A. H. HORTON and ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, 

District Hydrographers.

* INTRODUCTION.

SCOPE OF WORK.

The water supply of the United States is of more importance to the 

life and pursuits of the people than is any other natural resource. In 

the arid States the limit of agricultural development is determined 

by the amount of water available for irrigation; while in all parts of 

the country the increase in the population of cities and towns makes 

necessary additional water supplies for domestic and industrial uses, 

in procuring which both the quantit}T and the quality of the water 

that may be obtained must be considered. The location of manufacturing plants may depend largely on the water-power facilities 

and on the character of the water. The notable advances made in 

the electric transmission of power have led to the utilization of water 

powers for the operation of manufacturing establishments, railroads, 

and municipal lighting plants, many of which are at some distance 

from the places at which the power is developed.

The intelligent establishment and maintenance of enterprises or 

industries that depend on the use of water demands a thorough 

knowledge of the flow of the streams and an understanding of the 

conditions affecting that flow. This knowledge should be based on 

data showing both the total flow and the distribution of the flow 

throughout the year, in order that normal fluctuations may be provided for. As the flow of a stream is variable from }Tear to year, estimates of future flow can be made only from a study of observations 

covering several years. The rapid increase in the development of the 

water resources of the United States has caused a great demand by 

engineers for information in regard to the flow of streams, as it is now

o This report contains information similar to that published in previous years under the title '' Report 

of Progress of Stream Measurements."

1
2 . SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

generally realized that the failure of many large power, irrigation, and 

other projects has been due to the fact that the plans were made 

without sufficient trustworthy information in respect to the water

supplyOwing to the broad scope of these hydrographic investigations and 

the length of time they should cover in order that the records may be 

of greatest value, it is in general impossible for private individuals to 

collect the necessary data, and as many of the streams traverse more 

than one State this wT ork does not properly fall within the province 

of the State authorities. The United States Geological Survey has 

therefore, by means of specific appropriations by Congress, for several 

years systematically made records of stream flow, with the view of 

ultimately determining all the important features governing the flow 

of the principal streams of the country. In carrying out this plan 

stations are established on the streams and maintained for a period 

long enough to show their regimen or general behavior. When a 

record that is sufficient for this purpose has been obtained for any 

stream the work on that stream is discontinued. The order in which 

the streams are measured is determined by the degree of their importance.

During 1906 the regimen of flow was studied at about 700 stations 

distributed along the various rivers throughout the United States, as 

shown on PI. I. In addition to these records data in regard to precipitation, evaporation, water power, and river profiles were obtained 

in many sections of the country.

These data have been assembled by drainage areas, and are published in a series of fourteen Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers 

Nos. 201 to 214, inclusive, each of which pertains to the surface water 

resources of a group of adjacent areas. In these papers are embodied 

not only the data collected in the field, but also the results of computations based on these data, and other information that has a direct 

bearing on the subject, such as descriptions of basins and the streams 

draining them, utility of the water resources, etc. The list follows:

Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers on Surface Water Supply, 1906.

201. Surface water supply of New England, 1906. (Atlantic Coast of New England 

drainage.)

202. Surface water supply of the Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware river drainages, 1906.

203. Surface water supply of the Middle Atlantic States, 1906. (Susquehanna, Gunpowder, Patapsco, Potomac, James, Roanoke, and Yadkin river drainages.)

204. Surface water supply of the Southern Atlantic and Eastern Gulf States, 1906. 

(Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico 

drainages.)

205. Surface water supply of the Ohio and lower eastern Mississippi river drainages, 

1906.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 207 PL. I

127° 125° 123° 121° 119" 117° 115° 113° 111° 109 107 105 103° 101 99° 97° 95° 93° 91° 87* 85° 83° 81° 79° 77° 75° 73° 71° C9° 67

Scale

100 200 300 400 600 miles

C. J. Peters & Son Co., Eng'rs., Boston

115° 113" 111° 109° 107" 105" 103° 101

MAP OF UN/TED STATES SHOWING LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL RIVER STATIONS MAINTAINED DpRING 1906.
INTRODUCTION. 6

206. Surface water supply of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River drainages, 1906.

207. Surface water supply of the upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay drainage, 

1906.

208. Surface water supply of the Missouri River drainage, 1906.

209. Surface water supply of the lower western Mississippi River drainage, 1906.

210. Surface water supply of the western Gulf of Mexico and Rio Grande drainages, 1906.

211. Surface water supply of the Colorado River drainage above Yuma, 1906.

212. Surface water supply of the Great Basin drainage, 1906.

213. Surface water supply of California, 1906. (The Great Basin and Pacific Ocean 

drainage in California, and Colorado River drainage below Yuma.)

214. Surface water supply of the North Pacific Coast drainages, 1906.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years. An index of the reports containing such 

records up to and including 1903 lias been published in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 119. The following table gives, by years and primary 

drainage basins, the numbers of the papers on the surface water supply, published from 1901 to 1906.

Atlantic Coast of New England drainage. ...........

Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware river 

drainages.. .........................................

Susquehanna, Gunpowder, Patapsco, Potomac, 

James, Roanoke, and Yadkin river drainages. . ....

Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha river 

and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainages ..............

Ohio and lower eastern Mississippi river drainages. . .

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River drainages. ......

Hudson Bay and upper eastern and western Mississippi River drainages ........................ .....

Missouri River drainage. ... ............. .... .....

Meramec, Arkansas, Red, and lower western Mississippi river drainages ..............................

Western Gulf of Mexico and Rio Grande drainages. . . .

Colorado River drainage above Yuma. ...............

The Great Basin drainage ............................

The Great Basin and Pacific Ocean drainages in California, and Colorado River drainage below Yuma. .

North Pacific Coast drainages ......... . .........

1901.

No.

f 65

I 75

/ 65

r o-

{ 75

f 65 

I 75

f 65

I 75

65

f 65 

66

1 75

f 66

1 75

j 66 

1 75

f 66 

I 75

1 66

i 75

f 66

i 75

f 66 

I 75

1 75

1902.

No.

j 82

} 82

82 

83

| 83

83

83

83

84

85

| 84

I 84

| 84

j- 85

} 85

1 "

I fie;

j 85

1903.

No.

97

97

97 

98

98

98

97

98 

99

100

99

99

99

100

100

100

100

1904.

No.

124

125

| 126

126

128

129

1 128 

| 130

/ 130

1 131

131

132

133

133

134

135

1905.

No.

165

166

167

168

169

170

} 171

-*

} 172

173

174

175

176

177

178

1906.

No.

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

DEFINITIONS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and run-off in second-feet

a Reports containing data for years prior to 1901 are noted in the series list at the end of this paper.
4 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

per square mile 7 and (2) those which represent the actual quantity 

of water 7 as run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. They may be 

denned as follows:

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is 

the quantity of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 1 foot deep, at a 

rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental unit 

from which others are computed.

"Gallons per minute" is generally used in connection with pumping 

and city water supply.

The "miner's inch" is the quantity of water that passes through an 

orifice 1 inch square under a head which varies locally. It has been 

commonly used by miners and irrigators throughout the West and is 

defined by statute in each State in which it is used.

"Second-feet per square mile " is the average number of cubic feet of 

water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on 

the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in 

inches.

"Acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. It is commonly used 

in connection with storage for irrigation work. There is a convenient 

relation between the second-foot and the acre-foot: One secondfoot flowing for twenty-four hours will deliver 86,400 cubic feet, or 

approximately 2 acre-feet.

EXPLANATION AND USE OF TABLES.

For each regular gaging station are given, as far as available, the 

following data:

1. Description of station.

2. List of discharge measurements.

3. Gage-height table.

4. Rating table.

5. Table of monthly and yearly discharges and run-off.

6. Tables showing discharge and horsepower and the number of 

days during the year when the same are available.

The descriptions of stations give such general information about the 

locality and equipment as would enable the reader to find and use the 

station, and they also give, as far as possible, a complete history of 

all the changes that have occurred since the establishment of the station that would be factors in using the data collected.

The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge
INTRODUCTION. 5

measurements made during the year, including the date, the name of 

the hydrographer, the width and area of cross section, the gage 

height, and the discharge in second-feet.

The table of daily gage heights gives the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage heights taken 

each day. The gage height given in the table represents the elevation 

of the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. At most stations 

the gage is read in the morning and in the evening.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which the other tables are computed. In cases of extensive 

development, it is expected that engineers will use these original data 

in making their calculations, as the computations made by the Survey are based on the data available at the time they are made and 

should be reviewed and, if necessary, revised when additional data are 

available.

The rating table gives the discharge in second-feet, corresponding to 

various stages of the river, as given by the gage heights. It is published to enable engineers to determine the daily discharge in case this 

information is desired.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was highest, and it is the flow as given in the rating table for that mean gage 

height. As the gage height is the mean for the day, there might have 

been short periods when the water was higher and the corresponding 

discharge larger than given in this column. Likewise, in the column 

of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is 

the average flow for each second during the month. Upon this 

the computations for the remaining columns, which are defined on 

page 4, are based.

The values in the table of monthly discharge are intended to give 

only a general idea of the conditions of flow at the station, and it is 

not expected that they will be used for other than preliminary 

estimates.

In most work where data in regard to flow are used the regimen 

of flow is of primary importance. Therefore for the principal stations tables have been prepared showing the horsepower that can be 

developed at various rates of flow and the length of time that these 

rates of flow and the corresponding horsepower are available. These 

tables have been prepared on a basis of 80 per cent efficiency on the 

turbines, and the horsepower per foot of fall is given in order that the 

reader can determine the horsepower for any fall.

In the computations sufficient significant figures have been used 

so that the percentage of error in the tables will not in general exceed 

1 per cent. Therefore most of the values in the tables are given to
6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

only three significant figures. In making the various computations 

Thatcher's slide rule, Crelle's tables, and computation machines have 

been generally used.

In order to give engineers an idea of the relative value of the 

various data, notes in regard to accuracy are given as far as possible. 

This accuracy depends on the general local conditions at the gaging 

stations and the amount of data collected. Every effort possible is 

made to so locate the stations that the data collected will give a high 

degree of accuracy. This is not always possible, but it is considered 

better to publish rough values with explanatory notes rather than no 

data.

In the accuracy notes the following terms have been used, indicating the probable accuracy in per cent of the mean monthly flow. As 

these values are mean values, the error in the value for the flow of 

any individual day may be much larger.

Excellent indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably 

accurate to within 5 per cent; good, to within 10 per cent; fair, to 

within 15 per cent; approximate, to within 25 per cent.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

Following is a table of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of March 23, 1901). 

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons 

per minute; equals 646,272 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot equals 6.23 British imperial gallons per second.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot quals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep.

1 second-foot for one 28-day month covers 1 square mile 1.041 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 29-day month covers 1 square mile 1.079 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 30-day month covers 1 square mile 1.116 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 31-day month covers 1 square mile 1.153 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one day equals 1.983 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 28-day month equals 55.54 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 29-day month equals 57.52 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 30-day month equals 59.50 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 31-day month equals 61.49 acre-feet.

100 California miner's inches equal 15.7 United States gallons per seconc

100 California miner's inches equal 96.0 Colorado miner's inches.

100 California miner's inches for one day equal 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado-miner's inches equal 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 104 California miner's inches.

100 Colorado miner's inches'for one day equal 5.17 acre-feet.
INTRODUCTION. 7

100 United States gallons per minute equal 0.223 second-foot.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equal 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United State? gallons per day equal 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equal 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equal 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

] foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers

1 mile equals 5.280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot equals 7.48 gallons.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

] horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equal about 1 kilowatt.

rr i i , . -n Sec '-ft - X fall in feet lo calculate water power quickly: -- ^ = net horsepower on water

wheel, realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING STEEAM FLOW.

The methods used in collecting these data and in preparing them 

for publication are given in detail in Water-Supply Papers No. 94 

(Hydrographic Manual, U. S. Geological Survey) and No. 95 (Accuracy of Stream Measurements). In order that those who use this 

report may readily become acquainted with the general methods 

employed, the following brief descriptions are given:

Streams may be divided, with respect to their physical conditions, 

into three classes (1) those with permanent beds; (2) those with beds 

which change only during extreme low or high water; (3) those with 

constantly shifting beds. In determining the daily flow special 

methods are necessary for each class. The data upon which these 

determinations are based and the methods of collecting them are, 

however, in general the same.

There are three distinct methods of determining the flow of openchannel streams (1) by measurements of slope and cross section 

and the use of Chezy's and Kutter's formulas; (2) by means of a weir; 

(3) by measurements of the velocity of the current and the area of 

the cross section. The method chosen for any case depends upon 

the local physical conditions, the degree of accuracy desired, the funds 

available, and the length of time that the record is to be continued.
8 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Slope method. Much information has been collected^ relative to 

the coefficients to be used in the Chezy formula, v = c ^Rs. This- has 

been utilized by Kutter, both in developing his formula for c and in 

determining the values of the coefficient n which appears therein. 

The results obtained by the slope method are, in general, only roughly 

approximate, owing to the difficulty in obtaining accurate data and 

the uncertainty of the value for n to be used in Kutter's formula. 

The most common use of this method is in determining the flood discharge of a stream when the only data available are the cross section, 

the slope as shown by marks along the bank, and a knowledge of the 

general conditions.

Weir methods. When funds are available and the conditions are 

such that sharp-crested weirs can be erected, these offer the best 

facilities for determining the flow. If dams are suitably situated and 

constructed, they may be utilized for obtaining reliable measurements of flow. The conditions necessary to insure good results may 

be divided into two classes (1) those relating to the physical characteristics of the dam itself and (2) those relating to the diversion 

and use of water around and through the dam.

The physical requirements are as follows: (a) Sufficient height 

of dam, so that backwater will not interfere with free fall over it; 

(6) absence of leaks of appreciable magnitude; (c) topography or 

abutments which confine the flow over the dam at high stages; 

(d) level crests, which are kept free from obstructions caused by floating logs or ice; (e) crests of a type for which the coefficients to be 

used in Q = cb h%, or some similar standard weir formula are known 

(see Water-Supply Papers Nos. 180 and 200a); (/) either no flash 

boards or exceptional care in reducing leakage through them and in 

recording their condition.

Preferably there should be no diversion of water through or around 

the dam. Generally, however, the dam is built for purposes of power 

or navigation and part or all of the water flowing past it is diverted 

for such uses. This water is measured and added to that passing 

over the dam. To insure accuracy in such determinations of flow 

the amount of water diverted should be reasonably constant. Furthermore, it should be so diverted that it can be measured, either by 

a weir, a current meter, or a simple system of water wheels which are 

of standard make, or which have been rated as meters under working 

conditions, and so installed that the gate openings, the heads under 

which they work, and their angular velocities may be accurately 

observed.

The combination of physical conditions and uses of the water 

should be such that the determinations of flow will not involve, for 

a critical stage of considerable duration, the use of a head, on a broada Water-Supply Paper No. 200 replaces No. 150, the edition of which has been exhausted.
INTRODUCTION. 9

crested dam, of less than 6 inches. Moreover, when all other -conditions- are good, the cooperation of the owners or operators of the plant 

is still essential if reliable results are to be obtained.

A gaging station at a weir or dam has the general advantage of continuity of record through the period of ice and floods and the disadvantages of uncertainty of coefficient to be used in the weir formula 

and of complications in* the diversion and use of the water.

Velocity m.ethod. The determination of the quantity of water flowing past a certain section of a stream at a given time is termed a 

discharge measurement. This quantity is the product of two factors the mean velocity and the area of the cross section. The 

mean velocity is a function of surface slope, wetted perimeter, roughness of bed, and the channel conditions at, above, and below the 

gaging section. The area depends upon the contour of the bed and 

the- fluctuations of the water surface. The two principal ways of 

measuring the velocity of a stream are by floats and current meters.

Great care is taken in the selection and equipment of gaging stations for determining discharge by velocity measurements in order 

that the data may have the required degree of accuracy. Their 

essential requirements are practically the same whether the velocity 

is determined by meters or floats. They are located as far as possible where the channel is straight both above and below the gaging 

section; where there are no cross currents, backwater, or boils; where 

the bed of the stream is reasonably free from large projections of a 

permanent character; and where the banks are high and subject to 

overflow only at flood stages. The station must be so far removed 

from the effects of tributary streams and of dams or other artificial 

obstructions that the gage height shall be an index of the discharge.

Certain permanent or semipermanent structures usually referred 

to as equipment are generally pertinent to a gaging station. These 

are a gage for determining the fluctuations of the water surface, 

bench marks to which the-datum of the gage is referred, permanent 

marks on a bridge or a tagged line indicating the points of measurement, and, where the current is swift, some appliance (generally a 

secondary cable) to hold the meter in position in the water. As a 

rule, the stations are located at bridges if the channel conditions are 

satisfactory, as from them the observations can more readily be made 

and the cost of the equipment is small.

The floats in common use are the surface, subsurface, and tube or 

rod floats. A corked bottle with a flag in the top and weighted at 

the bottom makes one of the most satisfactory surface floats, as it 

is affected but little by wind. In case of flood measurements, good 

results can be obtained by observing the velocity of floating cakes of 

ice or debris. In case of all surface-float measurements, coefficients 

must be used to reduce the observed velocity to the mean velocity.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

The subsurface and tube or rod floats are intended to give directly 

the mean velocity in the vertical. Tubes give excellent results when 

the channel conditions are good, as in canals.

In measuring velocity by a float, observation is made of the time 

taken by the float to pass over the ''run/' a selected stretch of river 

from 50 to 200 feet long. In each discharge measurement a large 

number of velocity determinations are made at different points across 

the stream, and from these observations the mean velocity for the 

whole section is determined. This may be done by plotting the mean 

positions of the floats as indicated by the distances from the bank as 

ordinates and the corresponding times as abscissas. A curve through 

these points shows the mean time of run at any point across the 

stream, and the mean time for the whole stream is obtained by dividing the area bounded by this curve and its axis by the width. The 

length of the run divided by the mean time gives the mean velocity.

The area used in float measurements is the mean of the areas at 

the two ends of the run and at several intermediate sections.

The essential parts of the current meters in use are a wheel of some 

type, so constructed that the impact of flowing water causes it to 

revolve, and a device for recording or indicating the number of revolutions. The relation between the velocity of the moving water and 

the revolutions of the wheel is determined for each meter. This 

rating is done by drawing the meter through still water for a given 

distance at different speeds and noting the number of revolutions for 

each run. From these data a rating table is prepared which gives the 

velocity per second for any number of revolutions.

Many kinds of current meters have been constructed. They may, 

however, be classed in two general types: Those in which the wheel 

is made up of a series of cups, as the Price, and those having a screw 

propeller wheel, as the Haskell. Each meter has been developed for 

use under some special condition. In the case of the small Price 

meter, shown in PI. II, B, which has been largely developed and has 

been extensively used by the United States Geological Survey, an 

attempt has been made to get an instrument which could be used 

under practically all conditions.

Current-meter measurements may be made from a bridge, a cable, 

a boat, or by wading, and gaging stations may be classified in accordance 'with such use. Fig. 1 shows a typical cable station.

In making the measurement an arbitrary number of points are 

laid off on a line perpendicular to the thread of the stream. The 

points at which the velocity and depth are observed are known as 

measuring points, and are usually fixed at regular intervals, varying 

from 2 to 20 feet, depending upon the size and condition of the stream. 

Perpendiculars dropped from the measuring points divide the gaging 

section into strips. For each strip or pair of strips the mean velocity,
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NO. 207 PL. II

A. CURRENT-METER RATING STATION AT LOS ANGELES, CAL.

o

PRICE CURRENT METERS.
INTRODUCTION. 11

area, and discharge are determined independently, so that conditions 

existing in one part of the stream may not be extended to parts where 

they do not apply.

Three classes of methods of measuring velocity with current meters 

are in general use multiple-point, single-point, and integration.

The three principal multiple-point methods in general use are the 

vertical velocity-curve; 0.2 and 0.8 depth; and top, bottom, and 

mid-depth.

In the vertical velocity-curve method a series of velocity determinations are made in each vertical at regular intervals, usually from 

0.5 to 1 foot apart. By plotting these velocities as abscissas and 

their depths as ordinates, and drawing a smooth curve among the 

resulting points, the vertical velocity-curve is developed. This curve 

shows graphically the magnitude and changes in velocity from the 

surface to the bottom of the stream. The mean velocity in the 

vertical is then obtained by dividing the area bounded by this 

velocity-curve and its axis by the depth. On account of the length

FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of river, car, gage, etc.

of time required to make a complete measurement by this method, its 

use is limited to the determination of coefficients for purposes of comparison and to measurements under ice.

In the second multiple-point method the meter is held successively 

at 0.2 and 0.8 of the depth, and the mean of the velocities at these two 

points is taken as the mean velocity for that vertical. On the assumption that the vertical velocity-curve is a common parabola with 

horizontal axis, the mean of the velocities at 0.22 and 0.79 of the 

depth will give (closely) the mean velocity in the vertical. Actual 

observations under a wide range of conditions show that this second 

multiple-point method gives the mean velocity very closely for openwater conditions and, moreover, the indications are that it holds 

nearly as well for ice-covered rivers.

In the third multiple-point method the meter is held at mid-depth, 

at 0.5 foot below the surface, and at 0.5 foot above the bottom, and 

the mean velocity is determined by dividing by 6 the sum of the top

3688 IRR 207 07 2
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

velocity, four times the mid-depth velocity, and the bottom velocity. 

This method may be modified by observing at 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8 depth.

The single-point method consists in holding the meter either at 

the depth of the thread of mean velocity or at an arbitrary depth 

for which the coefficient for reducing to mean velocity has been 

determined.

Extensive experiments by vertical velocity-curves show that the 

thread of mean velocity generally occurs at from 0.5 to 0.7 of the 

total depth. In general practice the thread of mean velocity is considered to be at 0.6 depth, at which point the meter is held in a 

majority of the measurements. A large number of vertical velocitycurve measurements taken on many streams and under varying conditions show that the average coefficient for reducing the velocity 

obtained at 0.6 depth to mean velocity is practically unity.

In the other principal single-point method the meter is held near 

the surface, usually 1 foot below, or low enough to be out of the effect 

of the wind or other disturbing influences. This is known as the 

subsurface method. The coefficient for reducing the velocity taken 

at the subsurface to the mean has been found to be from 0.85 to 0.95, 

depending upon the stage, velocity, and channel conditions. The 

higher the stage the larger the coefficient. This method is especially 

adapted for flood measurements, or when the velocity is so great that 

the meter can not be kept at 0.6 depth.

The vertical-integration method -consists in moving the meter at a 

slow, uniform speed from the surface to the bottom and back again 

to the surface, and noting the number of revolutions and the time 

taken in the operation. This method has the advantage that the 

velocity at each point of the vertical is measured twice. It is useful 

as a check on the point methods.

The area, which is the other factor in the velocity method of determining the discharge of a stream, depends on the stage of the river, 

which is observed on the gage, and on the general contour of the bed 

of the stream, which is determined by soundings. The soundings 

are usually taken at each measuring point at the time of the discharge 

measurement, either by using the meter and cable or by a special 

sounding line or rod. For streams with permanent beds standard 

cross sections are usually taken during low water. These sections 

serve to check the soundings which are taken at the time of the measurements, and from them any change which may have taken place 

in the bed of the stream can be detected. They are also of value in 

obtaining the area for use in computations of high-water measurements, as accurate soundings are hard to obtain at high stages.

In computing the discharge measurements from the observed velocities and depths at various points of measurement, the measuring 

section is divided into elementary strips, as shown in fig. 1, and the
INTRODUCTION. 13

mean velocity, area, and discharge are determined separately for 

either a single or a double strip. The total discharge and the area are 

the sums of those for the various strips, and the mean velocity is 

obtained by dividing the total discharge by the total area.

The determination of the flow of an ice-covered stream is difficult, 

owing to diversity and instability of conditions during the winter 

period, and also to lack of definite information in regard to the laws 

of flow of water under ice. The method now employed is to make 

frequent discharge measurements during the frozen periods by the 

0.2 and 0.8, and vertical velocity-curve methods, and to keep an 

accurate record of the conditions, such as the gage height to the surface of the water as it rises in a hole cut in the ice, the thickness and 

character of the ice, etc. From these data an approximate estimate 

of the daily flow can be made by constructing a rating curve (really 

a series of curves) similar to that used for open channels, but considering, in addition to gage heights and discharge, the varying thickness of ice. For information in regard to flow under ice cover, see 

Water-Supply Paper No. 187.

OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING RUN-OFF.

There are two principal methods of determining run-off, depending 

upon whether or not the bed of the stream is permanent.

For stations on streams with permanent beds, the first step in computing the run-off is the construction of a rating table, which shows 

the discharge corresponding to any stage of the stream. This rating 

table is applied to the record of stage to determine the amount of 

water flowing. The construction of the rating table depends upon 

the method used in measuring flow.

For a station at a weir or dam, the basis for the rating table is some 

standard weir formula. The coefficients to be used in its application 

depend upon the type of dam and other conditions near its crest. 

After inserting in the weir formula the measured length of crest and 

assumed coefficient, the discharge is computed for various heads and 

the rating table constructed.

The data necessary for the construction of a rating table for a 

velocity-area station are the results of the discharge measurements, 

which include the record of stage of the river at the time of measurement, the area of the cross section, the mean velocity of the current, 

and the quantity of water flowing. A thorough knowledge of the 

conditions at and in the vicinit}T of the station is also necessary.

The construction of the rating table depends upon the following 

laws of flow for open, permanent channels: (1) The discharge will 

remain constant so long as conditions at or near the gaging station 

remain constant; (2) the discharge will be the same whenever the 

stream is at a given stage if the change of slope due to the rise and fall
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

of the stream be neglected; (3) the discharge is a function of and 

increases gradually with the stage.

The plotting of results of the various discharge measurements, 

using gage heights as ordinates, and discharge, mean velocity, and 

area as abscissas, will define curves which show the discharge, mean 

velocity, and area corresponding to any gage height. For the development of these curves there should be therefore a sufficient number 

of discharge measurements to cover the range of the stage of the 

stream. Fig. 2 shows a typical rating curve with its corresponding 

mean-velocity and area curves.

As the discharge is the product of two factors the area and the mean 

velocity any change in either factor will produce a corresponding 

change in the discharge. Their curves are therefore constructed in 

order to study each independently of the other.

The area curve can be definitely determined from accurate soundings extending to the limits of high water. It is always concave 

toward the horizontal axis or on a straight line, unless the banks of the 

stream are overhanging.

The form of the mean-velocity curve depends chiefly upon the 

surface slope, the roughness of the bed, and the cross section of 

the stream. Of these the slope is the principal factor. In accordance 

with the relative changes of these factors the curve may be either 

a straight line, convex or concave toward either axis, or a combination of the three. From a careful study of the conditions at 

any gaging station the form which the vertical velocity-curve will 

take can be predicted, and it may be extended with reasonable certainty to stages beyond the limits of actual measurements. Its 

principal use is in connection with the area curve in locating errors 

in discharge measurements and in constructing the rating table.

The discharge curve is defined primarily by the measurements of 

discharge, which are studied and weighted in accordance with the 

local conditions existing at the time of each measurement. The 

curve may, however, best be located between and beyond the measurements by means of curves of area and mean velocity. The discharge 

curve under normal conditions is concave toward the horizontal axis 

and is generally parabolic in form.

In the preparation of the rating table the discharge for each tenth 

or half tenth on the gage is taken from the curve. The differences 

between successive discharges are then taken and adjusted according 

to the law that the}^ shall either be constant or increasing.

The determination of daily discharge of streams with changeable 

beds is a difficult problem. In case there is a weir or dam available, 

a condition which seldom exists on streams of this class, the discharge can be determined by its use. ]ji case of velocity-area stations frequent discharge measurements must be made if the deter-
Jj 10 

o

*

igh

.c;

«

IN I9O2 NO. I 

 1903 NO. 2 TO 7 

" 1904 NO. 8 

" 1905 NO. 

" 1906 NO. 14 i

/* 

Ve'ocit

a.oo

feet per secc

.(10 

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60.000 70,000 80.000 90,000 

* Discharge in second-feet 

FIG. 2. ^Discharge, area, and mean-velocity curves of Potomac Rive
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

minations of flow are to be other than rough approximations. For 

stations with beds which shift slowly or are materially changed only 

during floods, rating tables can be prepared for periods between such 

changes and satisfactory results obtained with a limited number of 

measurements, provided that some of them are taken soon after the 

change occurs. For streams with continually shifting beds, such as 

the Colorado and Rio Grande, discharge measurements should be 

made every two or three days and the discharge for intervening days 

obtained either by interpolation modified by gage height or by Professor Stout's method, which has been described in full in the Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, Part 

IV, page 323, and in the Engineering News of April 21, 1904. This 

method, or a graphical application of it, is also much used in determining the flow at stations where the bed shifts but slowly.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Assistance has been rendered and records furnished by the following, to whom special acknowledgment is due: D. W. Mead, Madison, 

Wis.; officers and observers of the U. S. Weather Bureau; the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, E. A. Birge, director and 

superintendent.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE.

GENERAL FEATURES.

All the waters that reach Hudson Bay from the United States pass 

through Lake Winnipeg and thence into the bay through Nelson River. 

The two principal tributaries of Lake Winnipeg, and thus, indirectly, 

of Nelson River, are the Saskatchewan and Red River. The Saskatchewan drains the major portions of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan and the northwestern part of Assiniboia, in the Dominion 

of Canada, and, through St. Mary River, a small area in northwestern 

Montana in the United States. Red River drains a large basin in the 

United States, covering portions of Minnesota and North and South 

Dakota. Both rivers are large and important.

ST. MARY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

St. Mary River heads in northern Montana, near the Canadian 

boundary line, on the eastern slope of the main range of the Rocky 

Mountains, in a region of perpetual snow and in the midst of numerous glaciers. It starts from the great Blackfoot glacier, probably the 

largest in the Rocky Mountains within the United States, and receives 

affluents from at least a dozen lesser glaciers. These small streams
ST. MARY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

unite within a short distance from their sources and flow into a lake 

hemmed in by high mountains, known as Upper St. Mary Lake. 

Below this lake, separated from it by a narrow strip of land, is Lower 

St. Mary Lake, the aggregate length of the two lakes being about 22 

miles. The river flowTs out of the lowT er lake, the elevation of which is 

4,460 feet above sea level, and within 2 miles is joined by a stream 

nearly if not quite as large as itself, known as Swiftcurrent Creek, 

which is fed by the waters of Grinnell Glacier and four smaller glaciers. 

From the confluence of these streams to the international boundary, 

a distance of 12 miles, the St. Mary flowT s in a northerly direction, 

receiving Kennedy Creek a few miles before crossing the boundary. 

Entering the province of Alberta it empties into Belly River, its 

waters eventually finding their way through the Saskatchewan into 

Hudson Bay.

A canal has been constructed in Canada by the Canadian Northwest 

Irrigation Company to divert water from the right bank of St. Mary 

River, about 5 miles belowT the international boundary line.

The data collected in the basin are valuable for irrigation purposes.

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT. a

This station was established April 9, 1902. It is located at Henry 

Henkel's ranch, about 1 mile east of his house and 35 miles northwest 

of Browning, Mont. It is also about 4,500 feet below the foot of Lower 

St. Mary Lake. The conditions at this station and the bench marks 

are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 17, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

50

92

90

88

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

50

172

161

132

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.40

2.92

2.82

2.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

66

a 631

629

420

a Meter probably not in good order, causing results to be too low. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1906.

Day.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

10...............

Jan.

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.9

Feb.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.9

Mar.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Apr.

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

May.

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

9 Q

3.0

June.

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

3 9

3.9

July.

3.7-

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3 9

3.9

4.0

4.0

Aug.

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

9 S

2.8

Sept.

2.8

o c

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

Oct.

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.1

2 9

2.1

O Q

2.2

Nov.

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

9 Q

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.2

Dec.

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.T

a Formerly dam site.
18 SURFACE WATEK SLTppO, 190G.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Marg River near Babb, Mont., for 1906 Continued.

Day.

11...............

13...............

15...............

18...............

19...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

26...............

00

9Q

OA

31...............

Jan.

1 9

1.9

1 9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1 9

1 9

1.9

1 9

1,9

1.9

1 9

1.9

1 9

1 9

1.9

Feb.

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.9

1 9

1 9

1.9

1 9

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1 4

Mar.

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1 .>

1.4

1.4

1.4

Apr.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1 9

2.0

2.1

2.2

9

2.

2.

2

9

May.

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

June.

3.9

3.9

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.0

4.0

3.9

3 9

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

July.

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

Q 0

3.1

0 1

3.3

3.3

Aug.

9 "

9 "

2."

9 "

9 ~

2.7

2.8

2.8

9 9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

2 9

9 9

2.8

Sept.

2.0

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

9 9

9 9

2.1

2.1

Oct.

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8

3.0

Nov.

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2 9

2.8

2.7

Dec.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to February 19, March 11 to 26; gage heights to surface of ice. 

tically open-channel condition during December.

Rating table for St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1905 and 1906.

Prac--

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

1. 40 65

1.50 90

1.60 115

1. 70 145

1. 80 175

1. 90 i 210

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.00 245 !; 2.80

2. 10 ' 285 2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

325

365

410

455

505

555

610

665

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

3. 00 725

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,300

3. 10 790 3. 90 1, 380

3.20 855 4.00 1,460

3. 30 925 i 4. 10

3.40 995 1 4.20

3.50 1,070 i' 4.30

3. 00 1, 145

3. 70 1, 220

1,545

1,630

1,715

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 11 discharge measurements made during 1905 and 1906. It is well defined between gage heights 1.4 and 4 feet.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 177 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month. 

Maximum.

Marchb............ ............ 90

May.... ....... ............ 1,140

June... . . .............. 1,720

October. ...... . . ...... 725

November.... . ... ...... ... 790

Minimum.

65 

90 

010 

925 

790 

555 

285 

2S5 

555 

175

The year. .................. 1,720 ............

__Mean.

«70

a 65 

82.7 

218 

841 

1,300 

1/220 

649 

432 

421 

(itiO 

283

Total in 

acre-feet.

4,300 

3,010 

5,080 

13,000 

51,700 

77, 400 

75, 000 

39,900 

25, 706 

25,900 

39, 600 

17, 400

521 379,000

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

0.396 

.367 

.467 

1.23 

4.75 

7.34 

6.89 

3.67 

2.44 

2.38 

3.76 

1. CO

0.46 

.38 

.54 

1.37 

5.48 

8.19 

7.94 

4.23 

2 72 

2^74 

4.20 

1.84

2. 94 40. 09

" Discharge January 1 to February 19 estimate'! by C. 0. Babb. 

t> Discharge estimated March 11 to '23.
ST. MARY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 19

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR CARDSTON, ALBERTA.

This station was established September 4, 1902, near Shaw's 

ranch, , one-fourth mile north of the boundary line between the 

United States and Canada and 17 miles south of Cardston, Alberta. 

The conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 19, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, in 1906.

Date.

May 12 ........

H ydrographer .

.....do.......................................

Width.

Feet. 

90

108

105

102

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

126

341

240

231

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.13

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

138

a i 350

« Meter probably not in good order, causing result to be too low. 

Daily gage height, infect, of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2.... ...........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

 14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19..........!....

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28............... 29.......:...

30...............

31... .......

Jan.

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.8

4.0

4.25

4.15

4.2

4.2

4. 25

Feb.

4.25

4.25

4.45

4.5

4.6

4.65

4.05

4.65

4.

4.

4.

4.

4.

4.

4.

4.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.35

4.3

4.2

Mar.

3.75

3.8

4.1

4.2

3.85

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

4.4

4. 45

4.5

4.55

4.6

4.6

4.0

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.3

4.2

3.3

2.90

Apr.

2.95

2.95

3.0

3.05

3.1

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.3

3. 35

3.35

3. 35

3.4

3.5

3.55

3. 65

3.75

4.05

4.25

4.0

4.6

4. 65

4.65

4.65/

4.55

May.

4.6

4.65

4.7

4.7

4.7

4. 65

4.7

4.75

4.8

 5.0

5.1

5. 25

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.1

5.05

5.05

5.05

5.1

5. 15

5.15

5.2

5.25

5.25

5.3

June.

5.45

5.6

5.65

5. 75

5.75

5.55

5. 55

5.55

5.55

5.75

o. /

5.6

5.6

5.5

o. oo

5.4

5. 35

5. 35

5.3

5.25

5.55

5. 65

5.5

5. 55

July.

5.4

5.4

5.45

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.2

5.25

5-2

o. lo

5.0 49")

4.95

4.9

4.85

4.85

4.75

4.65

4.65

Aug.

4 65

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.4

4.3

4.25

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.35

4.4

4.4

4.35

4.35

4.3

4 35

4.5

4.6

4.75

4.95

4.85

4.8

4.7

4.65

4.6

Sept.

4.55

4.55

4.45

4.45

4.4

4.35

4.3

4.3

4.25

4.2

4.15

4.15

4.05

4.0

3.95

3.9

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.65

Oct.

3.7

3.75

3.85

4.0

4.1

4.15

A 1 C

4.1

4.05

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.2

4. 15

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.5

4.75

5.0

5.0

4.95

4.85

Nov.

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.35

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.6

4.7

5.05

5.1

5.1

4.9

4.95

4.85

t?

4.55

4.5

4.4

4.35

4.2

4.15

Dec

4 05

4.05

4.0

3.95

3.9

3.9

3

0

3.7

3.75

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.35

0 or

3.4

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.3

NOTE. -Ice conditions January 1 to March 31; river frozen to bottom during greater portion of ice 

period; gage heights are to ice surface, except for short periods when water overflowed ice. Ice conditions December 9 to 31; gage readings to water surface.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Rating table/or St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 1905 and 1906.

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

Gage 1>Uli eight. charge.

Sec. -ft. Feet. Sec. -ft.

153 . 3.70 410

174 3.80 4GO

3.10 198 3.90 1 515

3.20 225 4.00 575

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.00

255

288

325

365

4. 10 040

4.20 710

4. 30 785

4. 40 870

Gage

height.

Feet.

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

960

Gage Disheight. c. arge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

5.30 1,900

1,055 5.40

1,155 ' 5.50

1,260

1,370

1,490

1, 620

1.755

5.60

5.70

2,055

2,215

2,385

2,565

5. 80 2, 755

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 22 discharge 

measurements made during 1902-1906. It is well delned between gage heights 2.5 feet and 7 feet.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 452 square miles.]

D

Month. 

Maxin

* ............................. 1

Tnlv 9

The year. ................... 2

scharge in second-feet.

mm. Minimum. Mean.

a 100

................. a 95

, 100 160 481 

,990 1,060 1,500 

,060 1,830 2,280 

, 380 1, 100 1, 830 

, 430 710 946 

010 385 628 

490 410 ] 756 

620 675 1,100 

607 255 359

660 ............ 850

Total in 

acre-feet.

6.1.50 

5J280 

7,690 

28,600 

92, 200 

136, 000 

113,000 

58,200 

37,400 

46,500 

65,500 

22, 100

619,000

Run-ofr.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.221 

.210 

.277 

1.06 

3.32 

5.04 

4.05 

2.09 

1.39 

1.67 

2.43 

.794

1.88

Depth in 

inches.

0.25 

.22 

.32 

1.18 

3.83 

5.62 

4.67 

2.41 

1.55 

1.92 

2.71 

.92

25.60

a January and February estimated by C. C. Babb.

b Estimated from flow of St. Mary and Swiftcurrent near Babb, Mont.

c Flow only slightly affected by ice conditions.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January and February, approximate: March, fair; April to November, excellent; December, good.

SWIFTCURRENT CREEK NEAR BABB, MONT.

This station was established April 8, 1902. It is located one-half 

mile northwest of Henkel's ranch and 36 miles northwest of Browning, 

Mont. The nearest post-office is at Eabb, Mont., 2 miles below. The 

conditions at this station and the benchmarks are described in WaterSupply Paper No. 171, page 21, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years. The length of the 

chain is now 15.90 feet.

Discharge measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb, Mont., in 1906.

Date.

March 31. .......

M5IV 19

Hydrographer.

Freeman and Edson. ........................

Width.

Feet. 

30

55

50

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

30 

108

71

53

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.08 

3.60

2.73

2.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

48 

oSOl

233

146

a Meter probably out of order, causing result to be too low.
ST. MARY EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 21 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Swi/tcurrent Creek near Babb, Mont., for 1906.

Day.

9

4. ..............

6...............

8...............

9

10...............

12...............

13...............

14...........:...

15...............

16...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2 3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2 3

2.3

2.3

9 "*

Feb.

2.3

2 3

2 3

2 3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2 3

2 3

2 3

2.3

2.3

2 3

2.3

2.3

1.6

1.6

1.6

Mar.

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

o q

2.3

2 3

2.3

9 3

2 3

2.3

2.3

2 3

9 "}

2 3

2 3

1 9

2.0

2 1

Apr.

2.1

2. 1

9 9

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

9 fi

2 8

9 g

2.9

3 0

3.3

3.5

q K

q q

3.2

May.

3.2

3 1

3.1

3.2

3.3

3 3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.3

3 4

3.6

3.6

3.7

3 7

3.4

3.1

3.2

3.2

q q

3 3

q q

3 3

3.3

3.3

q q

June.

3 3

3.5

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.8

3.9

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.5

3 5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

q q

3.4

3.5

July.

3.3.

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3 0

3.0

3 0

2.9

2 9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

9 7

Aug.

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

Sept.

2.8

2.8

9 7

2 7

2 7

2 7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

9 9

2.3

2.3

2.3

2 4

Oct.

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.6

3.9

3.9

3.7

q E

Nov.

3 9

3.0

9 g

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.1

q q

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2..8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

Dec.

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to February 20, March 11 to 25, readings are to top of ice. Practically open-channel conditions'during December.

Rating table for Sicif ten/rent Creek near Babb, Mont., for 1905 and 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Dis- Gage 

charge. height.

Sec.-ft. Feet.

7 2.40

18 2.50

30 2.60

44 2. 70

60 2.80

80 2.90

105 3: 00

Dis- Gage 

charge. height.

Sec.-ft. ' Feet.

130 3. 10

160 , 3.20

190 3.30

225 3. 40

260 3.50

300 3.60

340 3. 70

Dis- Gage 

charge. height.

Sec.-ft. ' Feet.

385 3. 80

435 3. 90

485 i 4. 00

540 , 4. 10

600 i , 4.20

665 4. 30

730

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

800

875

950

1,025

1,100

1,175

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 11 discharge measurements made during 1905 and'l906. It is well defined between gage heights 2.1 feet and 

4.5 feet.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb, Mont., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 101 square miles.]

Month.

July..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

60 

600 

730 

1,020 

540 

300 

260 

875 

485 

190

1,020

Minimum.

7 

60 

385 

485 

225 

160 

80 

130 

190 

7

7

Mean.

<z30

a 30

&29.5 

299 

500 

623 

381 

220 

151 

347 

308 

55.5

248

Total in 

acre-feet.

1,840 

1,670 

1,810 

17,800 

30,700 

37,100 

23,400 

13,500 

8,980 

21,300 

18,300 

3,410

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.297 

.297 

.292 

2.96 

4.95 

6.17 

3.77 

2.18 

1.50 

3.44 

3.05 

.550

180,000 2.45

Depth in 

inches.

0.34 

.31 

.34 

3.30 

5.71 

6.88 

4.35 

2.51 

1.67 

3.97 

3.40 

.63

33.41

a January and February estimated by C. C. Babb. 6 Discharge estimated March 11 to 25.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January to March, approximate; April to November, excellent; December, good.

KENNEDY CKEEK NEAR BABB, MONT.

This station was established October 17, 1903. It- is located 50 

feet above the ford on the road from Altyn, Mont., to Cardston, 

Alberta, and is 37 miles northwest of Browning, Mont., and about 

4 miles north of Babb post-office. The station is situated where the 

creek emerges from the canyon, about 1^ miles above its confluence 

with St. Mary River. The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 24, where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Kennedy Creek near Babb, Mont., in 1906.

Date.

March 31 ......

Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

19

57

50

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

19

72

34

43

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.74

6.38

5.78

5.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

28.7

a 17. 2

49.4

66.4

a Meter probably out of order, causing result to be too low.

RED RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Red River rises in Lake Traverse, on the boundary line between 

South Dakota and Minnesota, and flows almost due north into Lake 

Winnipeg, its waters finally reaching Hudson Bay through Nelson 

River. It drains a large area in the United States, including portions of Minnesota and of South and North Dakota.
KED RIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 23

The basin is characterized by level topography, broken in places 

by moraines and other glacial deposits. The greater part of it is 

prairie land, and its eastern half comprises some woods and a great 

abundance of lakes. The main river has cut a deep channel in its 

broad, level valley, which includes about 9,000,000 acres of excellent 

agricultural land. The heavy spring rains cause sudden freshets, 

which frequently entail considerable loss of life and property. The 

principal tributaries of the stream from the United States are Sheyenne and Pembina rivers from the west and Ottertail and Red Lake 

rivers from the east. Mouse River drains into it through Assiniboine 

River. A number of water powers have been developed during 

recent years on tributaries from both sides.

The data collected in this basin are valuable for water power and 

drainage purposes.

RED RIVER AT FARGO, N. DAK.

This station was established May 27, 1901. It is located at the 

bridge connecting Front street, Fargo, N. Dak., with Main street, 

Moorhead, Minn. Gage heights are furnished by the United States 

Weather Bureau. The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 27, where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous 

years.

Discharge measurements of Red Rirer at Fargo, N. Dak., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

Nov6Hib6r 18

1906. 

April 14........ 

June 27... .....

October 27.. ...

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler. .............................. 

.....do...-.....--.....-.--.-....-..-.........

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet.

90 

120

110

112

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

410

690

774

533

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.84

13. 69 

12.03

10.04

10.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

700

a 2, 390 

1,630

971

987

a At Northern Pacific Railway bridge. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red River at Fargo, X. Dak., for 1906.

Bay.

1...............

3...............

4............... 

5......... ......

6. ..............

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

8.6

Feb.

8.6

.......

""s.'e"

Mar.

9.8

10.8 

11.2

Apr.

12.6

13.2

13.4

13. 5 

13.5

13.7

14.1 

14 9

15.5 

14.9

13.3 

12.3 

12.4

13.5

14.2

May.

10.9

11.1

11.2 

11.3

11.4

11.4

11.3 

11.2

11.1 

11.2 

10.9

10.8

10.7

June.

12.7

12.2 

12.1

12.0

12.1

12.2 

12.2

12.3 

12.2 

12.1

12.0

July.

12.2

12.5

12.6 

12.7

12.7

12.7

12.5 

12.3

12.2 

12.0 

11.8

11.8

11.8

Aug.

10.9

11.4

11.3 

11.4

11.5

11.4

11.2 

11.1

11.0 

10.9 

10.8

10.7

10.6

Sept.

11.1

10 9

10.7

10.6 

10.5

10.4

10.2 

10.0

10.0 

10.0

10.1 

10.0 

9.9

9.9

9.9

Oct.

10.5

10.3

10.2 

10.1

10.0

10.0 

9.9

9.8 

9.b

9.6 

9.6 

9.5

Q ^

9.5

Nov.

10.6

10.6

10.6

10.5 

10.5

10.4

10.4 

10.3

10.2 

10.1

10.1 

10.1 

10.1

10.0

10.0

Dec.

11.0

......

"::::

......
24 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, infect, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1906 Continued.

Day.

16...............

18...............

19...............

91

22--..--.-.....--

99

24. .............. 

25. ..............

26.......-.----..

27....- ------- ... 

28....--.--..--.. 

29

30

01

Jan. Feb.

9.8

Mar.

io.6

10.0

10.0 

10.2

11.5

12.1

Apr.

]4.5 

14.9

15.0 

14.5 

13.7

12 9

11.0 

11.8

11.5 

11.2

11.0

10.9 

10.8

10.8

May.

12.5

13.8 

13.3 

12.7

12.4

12.2 

li" 1

12.0 

11.9

12.1

12.8 

12.5 

12.7

12.8

12.9

June.

12.0 

11.9

12.0 

12.0

12.0

11.9 

11.9

11.8 

11.8

12.0

12.0 

12.0

12.2

July.

11.6 

11.5

11.5 

11.5

11.3

11.2 

11.1

11.1 

11.0

10.9

10.9 

10.9

10.9

Aug.

10.5 

10.4

10.6 

10.8

10.9 

10.8

10.8 

10.9

10.9

10.9 

11.0

11.3

11.3

Sept.

9.9 

9.9

9.9 

9.9

10.2 

10.4

10.5 

10.8

10.8

10.8 

10.7

10.6

Oct.

9.3 

9.5

9.5 

9.5 

9.3

9.3

9.3 

9.4

9.5 

9.6

10.0

10.2 

10.5

10.6

10.6

Nov. De.\

9.4 ......

9.8 ......

9.6 ....-- 

9.4 i......

....... 10.5

9.6 ...... 

9.8 ......

11.0 ......

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to April 6 and November 21 to December 31: ice 2 to 3 feet thick during first part of year and 0.5 to l".5 feet during latter part of year.

Rating table for Red River at Fargo, JV. Dak., for 1906.

Gage

height.

Feet.

8.80

8.90

9.00

9.10

9.20

9.30

9.40

9.50

9.60

9.70

9.80

9.90

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

653

678

703

729

755

781

808

835

863

891

920

949

978

Gage

height.

Discharge.

Gage Disheight.

Feet. Sec.-ft. . Feet.

10.10 1,008 ' 11.40

10.20 1,038 11.50

10.30 1,069 11.60

10.40 1.100 11.70

10.50

10.60

10.70

10.80

10.90

11.00

1.131

1,163

1,195

1,227

1.260

1.293

 11.10 1,326

11.20 1.360

charge.

Sec.-ft.

1,429

1,464

1,499

1,535

11.80 1,571

11.90 1.607

12.00 1,644

12.20 1,718

12. 40 1, 793

12.60 1,869

12.80 1,947

13.00 2,025

11.30 1,394 13.20 2,105

Gage

height.

Feet.

13.40

13.60

13.80

14.00

14.20

14.40

14.60

14.80

15.00

16.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,185

2,266

2,348

2,430

2,512

2.594

2,676

2,758

2,840

3.260

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 4 discharge 

measurements made during 1906 and a number of older measurements. It is fairly well defined.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 6,020 square miles.]

Month.

Julv......... .....................

The period

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,050 

2,430 

1,910 

1,910 

1.460 

1,330 

1,160 

1,160

Minimum.

1,230 

1.200 

1,570 

1,260 

1,100 

949 

781

Mean.

2,050 

1,630 

1,680 

1,550 

1,290 

1,070 

940 

942

Total in 

acre-feet.

122,000 

100,000 

100,000 

95, 300 

79, 300 

63, 700 

57,800 

56,100

674, 000

RunSec. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.341 

.271 

.279 

.257 

.214 

.178 

.156 

.156

off.

Depth in 

inches.

0.38 

.31 

.31 

.30 

.25 

.20 

.18 

. 17

a. River not materially affected by ice conditions first week in April. 

6 Discharge estimated November 21 to 30.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April, good; May to October, excellent; November, fair.
BED EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 25

RED RIVER AT GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.

This station was established May 26, 1901. It is located at the 

Northern Pacific Railway bridge at Grand Forks, N. Dak. The conditions at this stetion and the bench marks are described in WaterSupply Paper Xo. 171, page 29, where are given also references to 

publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Grand Forks, X. Dak., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905.

1906.

March 23 ......

\pril 9

] lydrographer.

E. F. Chandler. ..............................

.....do.......................................

.....do.........-----.-.-.-........-..-----...

E. F. Chandler. ..............................

.....do..........--.-.-...-..---.-------......

.....do.......................................

Width.

Feet. 

208

205

207

161

198

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,110

949

1,110

9,140

1,510

1,140

1,070

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o9.05

<-9.45

<*9. 51

e 10. 24

32.40

10.27

8.21

/8.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

b 1, 840

6 1, 770

bl,550

61,880

23,000

3,710

2,410

61,700

a Gage height to under side of ioe=8.02.

6 Ice measurements: gage heights are to ttie water surface in a hole in the ice.

c Gage height to under side of ice=7.79.

d Gage height to under side of ice=7.01.

« Gage height to under side of ice=7.82.

/Gage height to under side of ice=7.71.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Rirer at Grand Forks, X. Dak., for 1906.

Day.

2.... ...........

3...............

4.... ...-----.. -

5. ....... . ------

f,.. .............

1... ............

8... . ...--.-----

9. ...--.-.....--

10...............

11... ......

12............. .

13...............

14... --....- --_

15........... ...

16........---....

17...............

18...............

19...............

20.... ..........

21... ..- _

22....--....---..

23...--.......--.

24... . ..--- _

25....-..-.-.....

26...............

27..... .........

28...............

29..... .........

30...............

31.... . .

Jan.

9. 3.5

9.2

9.4

9.5

9.45

Feb.

9.5

9. 3,">

9.2

9.1.5

Mar.

9.5

9.5

9.7

i6.3

10.2

10.1

14.0

Apr.

21.9

25. 1

27.9

30. oo

32. o

33. 5

32. 25

31.0

28.9

29. 5

31.1

34.0

35. 5

3fi. 0

35. 80

35. 15

34.2

32.9

31.2

29.4

27. 35

25. .">

23. 55

22.0

20. 55

19.4

May.

18.5

17.8

17.4

17.25

17. 25

17.25

17.2

Itj 9

16.7

16. 3.5

16.0

15.25

15. o

16. 15

16.75

16.75

16.9

17.2

17.1

17. 0,5

10. 85

lfi.7

16. 4,5

16.3

1(5.7

17.2,5

17. 35

17. 0,5

16.8

June.

16.3

16.1

15.8

15.4

15. 25

15.1

14.35

14.2

13. 8.5

13.6,5

13.3

13.0

12.8

13.1

13. 3,5

13.3

13.1

13.0

12.9

12.8

12.85

13. 15

13.2

13.2

July.

13.1

13.2

13.25

13.8

14.4

14.65

14.4

13.85

13.5

12.75

11.95

11.65

11.3

11.1

10.7

10.5

10.45

10.5

10. 2,5

10. 15

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.0

9.8

9.8

9.7

Aug.

9.9

10.1

10.4

10.6

10. 2,5

10. 85

10. 6

10.5

10.1

9.6,5

9. 5,5

9.4

9.3

9.2

9.05

9.0

9.0

9.0

8.95

9.0

9.15

9.1

8.9

8.95

9.2

9.15

Sept.

8.7

9.1

9.15

9.2

9.05

8.9

8.55

8.4

8 3

8.3

8.2

8.1

7.9

7.8

7.8

7.85

8.0

7.95

8.0

8.1

8.1

8.2

8.6

8.65

8.55

8.4

8.5

Oct.

8.5

8.4

8.25

8.3

8.4

8.45

7.8,5

7.85

7.8

7.7

7.8

7.7

7.6

F- P7.6

7. 5.5

".55

".45

".4

7.35

7.3

7.25

7.3

7.4

7.7

8.4

Nov.

8.35

8.35

8.3

8.25

8.4

8.05

8.1

8.5

8.1

8.1

7.6

7.2

7.4

7.5

7.6

Dec.

8.8

8.9

8.4

8.4

8.4

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to April 8; gage heignts were to water surface; average ice thickness, 2 feet. Ice condition November 13 to December 31; average thickness 1.1 feet.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Rating table for Red-River at Grand Forks. N. Dak., for 1906.

Gage

height.

Feet.

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

7.40

7.50

7. 60

7.70

7.80

7.90

8.00

8.10

8.20

8.30

8.40

8.50

8.60

8.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,800

1,840

1,892

1,939

l,98l>

2,031

2.082

2, 131

2,180

2,230

2,280

2,330

2,380

2,430

2,480

2,535

2,590

2, 045

Gago

height.

Ft ft.

8.80

S. 90

9. 00

9. 10

Dis- ! Gage Discharge. ! | height. charge.

Scc.-ft.

2,700

') 755

2,810

2,805

9.20 2,920

9.30 2,975

9.40 3,030

9.50 3,090

9.00

9.70

9.80

9.90

10.00

10.20

10.40

10.60

10.80

3, 150

3.210

3,270

3, 330

3,390

3,510

3,630

3.750

Feet. Sec.-ft.

11.20 ' 4.140

11.40 4.270

11.00 4.400

Gago

height.

Feet.

2S?00

23.00

24.00

11.80 4,530 || 25.00

12. 00 4. 600 20. 00

12. 20 4, 790

12. 40 4, 920

12. 60 5. 060

27.00

28.00

29.00

12. 80 5, 200 30. 00

13. 00 5, 340

14.00 0.040

15. 00 0. 790

10. 00 7, SCO

17.00 8,360

18. 00 9, 190

31.00

32.00

33.00

34. 00

35. 00

30. 00

19.00 ' 10,040

3,880 1 20.00 10,940

11.00 4.010 " 21.00 11,850

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

12, 790

13, 730

14, 070

15, 640

Hi, 040

17,050

18, 670

19, 720

20, 790

21,880

22. 980

24, 100

25, 250

20. 400

27.550

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1901-1900. It is'well denned.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, X. Dak., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 25,000 square miles.a]

Month.

April........ .....................

July.....---.----.-...-----.--.--.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

27,000 

9,620 ^880- 

6,530 

3,910 

2,920 

2,540

Minimum.

7,000 

6,980 

5,200 

3,210 

2,700 

2,180 

1,920

Mean.

61,750 

b 1,590 

b 1 , 890 

( 19,800 

8,220 

6,060 

4,560 

3,180 2, 470' 

2,200 

<«2,150 

& 1,630

4,620

Total in 

acre-feet.

108,000 

88,300 

116,000 

1,180,000 

505,000 

361,000 

280. 000 

196,000 

147,000 

135,000 

128,000 

100,000

3,340,000

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.070 

.064 

.076 

.792 

.329 

.242 

.182 

.127 

.099 

.088 

.086 

.065

.185

Depth in 

inches.

0.08 

.07 

.09 

.88 

.38 

.27 

.21 

.15 

.11 

.10 

.10 

.07

2.51

o Revised since 1905 report.

b Estimated from gage heights and ice measurements.

c Discharge estimated April 1 to 8.

d Discharge November 20 to 30 estimated.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January to March and December, fair; April and November, good; 

May to October, excellent.

OTTERTAIL RIVER NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINN.

This station was established May 9, 1904. It is located at Threemile Bridge, about 3i miles northeast of Fergus Falls, Minn. The 

conditions at this station and the bench marks0 are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 33, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

a During 1906 the gage was attached to the guard rail at station " 20" on the lower side of the bridge. 

The bench mark is the center of the lowest bolt holding the vertical strap iron tie-rod against the face 

of the stone abutment on the right bank; it is about 3 feet above the lower angle, of the abutment; elevation; 7.75 feet above gage datum.
RED EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 27

Discharge measurements of Ottertail Hirer near Fergus Falls, Mmn., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

September 4. . .

1906. 

May 14........

1 E. F. Chandl

' E. F. Chandl 

.....do.......

Hydrographer. Width Area of VMdtn. , gection

Feet. Sq.ft. 

98 240 

98 202

93 225 

92 264

Gage 

height .

Feet. 

3.84 

3.49

3.89 

4.30

Discharge.

Src.-ft. 

759 

539

7S6 

1,010

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ottertail .River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,fo

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5. ..............

6... ............

8.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ..'-..

9.. .............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15. ..............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21. ..............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28-........--....

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

4.55

4.7

Feb.

4.6

Mar

4.7

"~4.~8~

Apr.

4.8

4.6

4.3

4.0

4.0

3. 5

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.45

3. 45

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.65

3.65

3.65

3.7

May.

3.7

3. 75

3.8

3.8

3.8

3

Q 

. O

3.8

3.8

3.85

3.85

3.85

3. 85

^ or O. OO

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3. 95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

June.

3.95

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.15

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

July.

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.2

4.15

4.15

4.15

4. 15

4.15

4. 15

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.95

Aug.

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.9

3 9

3.9

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.8

0 Q O. O

3.8

3. 75

3. "5

3. "5

3. "5

3. "5 3.-

3.7

3.7

3.75

3.8

3.85

3. 85

3. 85

3.85

3. 85

3. 85

3.8o

Sept.

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.85

0 or O. oO

3.85

3.85

3. 8f>

3.85

3.8

3.8

O- O Q O

3.8

3

Q 

. O

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.7

Get .

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

o 7 o. i

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.75

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

No\. I)e<-.

3. " . .

3." ....

3. " ...... 3. "

3." .....

3. 65 ......

3. 65 . . ...

3. < 5 ......

3. ( ......

3. < ......

3. < ......

3.( '......

3. ( .....

3. ( ......

3. (5 ......

3.65 . ....

3.7 .. ...

3.9 ......

4.0 ......

4.5 ......

4. 8 .

4. 8 , 4. 65

4. 8 ......

4. 8 ......

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to April 6, also November 19 to December 31; gage heights were t< 

water surface. The following comparative readings were made:

Comparative ice and water gage heights of Ottertail River near Fergus falls. Mirtn.

Date. Water 

surface.

.................... 4. 55

.................... 4. 7

.................... 4. 6

................... 4.7 i i

T?crf s»

1CP ' ice.

4.65 1.3

4.8 1.6

4.7 1.7

4.8 1.6

3688 IKK 207 07-
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906. 

Rating table for Ottertail River near Fergus Fads, Mmn.,for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.20 

3.30 

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

402 

449 

499

1 Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.50 

3.60 

3.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

552 

607 

665

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.80 

3.90 

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

726 

789 

855

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.10 

4.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

921 

987

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 12 discharge 

measurements made during 1904-1906. It is well defined between gage heights 2.8 feet and 3.8 feet.

Monthly discharge of Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.]

D

Month. 

Maxir

July..............................

November (1-241 .................

ischarge in second-feet.

num. Minimum. Mean.

665 402 ! o517 

822 66.5 772 

, 020 X22 965 

, 020 S22 932 

822 665 742 

758 665 727 

726 665 674 

855 607 ! 6686

Total in 

acre-feet.

30,800 

47,500 

57, 400 

57, 300 

45, 600 

43,300 

41,400 

32,600

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

i 

0. 395 0. 44

589 . 68 

737 . 82 

711 . 82 

566 . 65 

555 . 62 

515 . 59 

524 . 47

The period................. ............ .... ....... ..........' 356,000

a Discharge estimated April 1 to 6. b Discharge estimated November 20 to 24. 

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April and November, good; May to October, excellent.

SHEYENNE RIVER NEAR HAGGART, N. DAK.

This station was established March 22, 1902. It is located near 

the station of Haggart, on the Northern Pacific Railway, 6 miles west 

of Fargo, N. Dak., at a private wagon bridge about one-fourth mile 

north of the railroad. The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 35, where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Sheycnnc River near Haggart. JY. Dak., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905.

July 11 .........

July 29.........

1906. 

April 14........

September 10. . .

Hydrographer.

R. Richards ..... ...........................

Hanna and Chandler ............ ...........

E. F. Chandler ..............................

E. F. Chandler. .............................

.....do............. .........................

Grover and Chandler ........................

Width.

Feet.

44

54

39

72

48

39

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

154

147

134 

216

105

530

208

105

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.70

4.60

4.42 

6.01

3.64

10.89

5. 92

3.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

198

173

156

146

69

948

317

68
RED RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 29

Daily gage height, infect, of Sheyenne Rircr near Ifaygart. X. Dak., for 1906.

Day.

,

2...............

3...............

4...............

5. ..............

ti...............

8...............

9. ..............

10. .............

11. . .........

12. ...........

13... ...........

14...............

l.i...............

in.... ...........

17...............

IS..............

19. .............

20. ...........

21...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24...............

25. .............

2(i..............

27. .............

28...... ........

29............ ..

30. ...........

31... .........

Jan.

4.5

4.(i

Feb. Mar.

i

,

5. 6 :>. ti

...... S. ti

. ... 9. 2

....... S. 7

..... X. 0

...... 7. ti

... .. 8.1

....... 8. 4

....... 9.2

Apr.

9. .5

9. 65

8.7

7.2

7.1

6.6

ti. 7

7.2

7..-)

8.1

9.1

9.7

10.3

10.fi

11.0

11.7

11. ti

11.2

10.7

10. .)

10. 2

9.7

9.2

8.4

7.2

ti. 7

ti.fi

ti. :>

6.2

May.

ti.2

ti.2

ti.2

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.0

0.0

.->. 7

5. ti

5.4

5.3

5. 2

5.0

4.7

5.1

5.2

5. 5

6.0

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.6

5. 5

5.7

6.0

ti. 5

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.0

June. July.

6. 5 5. 5

6. 4 5. 5

6. 2 5. 4

6. 2 5. 3

6. 1 5. 1

6.1 5.0

6. 1 4. 7

6.0 4.7

6. 0 4. 6

6. 0 4. 6

5. 7 4. 6

5. 7 4. 5

5. fi 4. 5

5. 5 4. 5

5.5 i 4.5

5.5 i 4.4

5 fi i 43

5. 7 4. 3

5. 7 4. 2

5. (i 4. 2

5. 5 4. 2

5. 5 4. 1

5. 5 4. 1

5. 5 4. 1

56 41

5. fi 4. 2

5. 5 4. 4

5. 5 4. 5

5. 4 4. 6

....... 4.7

Aug.

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3. 5

3.5

3. 5

3. 5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

Sept.

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.2

3. 2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3. 5

3. 5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3 4

3.3

3.3

Oct.

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3. 2

3.2

3. 2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

Nov.

o .->

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3. 5

3. 5

3. 5

3.5

3.5

3.5

Doc.

3.5

3.9

4.0

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to April 3. Gage heights probably to water surface. Thickness of 

ice, 1.8 feet approximately. Ice conditions also November 20 to December 31.

Rating table for Sheyenne River near Haggart. X. Dak., for 1905-6.

iSift. Dis- ' Gage Discharge. ; height. charge.

Gage 

height.

Feel. ' Scc.-fl. Pert. ' Src.-ft. Fret.

3.00 :!2 4.30

3.10 38 4.40

3.20 44 4.50

3.30

3.40

3. 50

3.60

3.70

51 1.60

131 5.60

140 5. 70

149 5. SO

159

58 4.70 169

65 4.80 179

72 4. 90

80 5.00

3.80 88 5.10

3.90 96 5.20

4.00 104 5. 30

1.10 ' 113 5.40

4.20 122 ! 5.50

5.90

6.00

6.20

189 fi. 10

200

211

222

6.60

6.80

7.00

233 7.20

245

257

7.10

7.60

Discharge.

Stc.-ft.

269

281

294

307

320

346

372

398

424

150

476

502

528

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8. SO

9.00

10. 00

11.00

12.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

554

580

606

632

658

684

710

840

970

1.100

MOTE. The above table is applicable only lor open-channel conditions. It is based on the discharge 

easurements made during 1903-1906. It is fairly well defined.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1900.

Monthly discharge of Shcycnne J\ivcr war Haggart, X. Dak., for 1905-6. 

[Drainage area, 5,100 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum, i Minimum. ' Mean.

April (3-30) . May........

Juno........

July..... ..

August.....

September.. 

October....

November..

38.)

814

333

398

684

159

104

90

113

96

169

88

104

80

201 

326 

20(i 

177 

303 

120 

79.7 

** 76. .3

Run-off. 

Total in

acre-feet. Sec-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

11,200

20,000

12,300

10,900

18,600

7,140

4,900

4, ,550

0. 037

.060

. 038

.033

. 056

.022

.015

.014

0 04

.07

.04

.04

.06

.02

.02

.02

1906. 

April.......-.-.-......-.- ....... 1,000 346

May............ ............... 476 169

July. ........................... 257 113

October.... ..................... 51 14

November ....................... 58 44

311 i 19,100 .0-8 .07

162 9,960 .030 .03

44.9 ' 2,760 .0083 .01

<\">2. (i 3,130 .0097 .01

The period................. ................................... 102,000 ......................

_ _ j

« For 1905 gage heights see Water-Supply Paper No. 171. 

'> Discharge estimated November 1 to 17, 1905. 

< Discharge estimated November 24 to 30, 1906.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: June and July, 1905, excellent; remainder of 1905, good. It is 

impossible to determine1 the accuracy of the 1906 values which are subject to large errors, probably 

being much too lo\v. This is due to the appointment of a new observer for 190fi, who recorded the 

gage height as 0.4 foot less than the hydrographer on the days when measurements were made.

KEI) LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, M1NN.

The gaging station was established May 19, 1901. It is located 

at the bridge connecting Robert and St. Paul streets, Crookston, 

known as the "Sampson Addition" bridge. It is about one-sixth 

mile west of the Great Northern Railway station. The conditions 

at this station and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply 

Paper Xo. 171, page 37, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge iiuasiinnK'titx of Red Lake Hirer at Crookston, Minn., l'JOa-6.

Date.

1905.

Hydrographer.

November 20... E. V. Chandler..............................

1900.

February 12 . April 16.. ... 

Jnne 30

September 11..

Chandler and Richards. 

E. F. Chandler.........

.do.

Grover and Chandler

Feet. 

176

174

246

180

173

Area of Gage Dissection. ' height. charge.

Sq.ft.

628

471

3. 660

715

405

Feet. 

3.90

Scc.-ft. 

1,680

6.75 «9M

20.13 < 14,100

6.72 1,990

4.80 968

a Ice measurement: gage height to undersnrface of ice is 5.29 feet: ice thickness 0.7 foot to 2.7 feet. 

The discharge was about 45 per cent of the open-channel rating for gage height 6.75 feet.
RED RIVER DRAINAGE BASTX. 81

Daily gatje height, infect, of lied Lake Ilivcr at Crookston, Ifvn??., for 190/1.

:

)ay. Jan. Felt. Msir. \;>r. May. ' June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Pec.

l.... .......... as

5. .............. 6.7 ..

6. . . .......... 6. S 

7.... .......... (i.S .. 

S. . . . ......... 6.7 .. 

9... ........... 6. S ..

11............... 6. S .

12............... 6.7 ..

13............... 6.7 ..

14..... ......... 6.7 ..

15............... ... . 

16. ........ ..... ....... ..

20. ...

21............... .........

22. .... . . ...... ..

23............... 7.1 ..

27 (

2S. ...... ...... 7.2 ..

30

31....... ....... 7.4 ..

.0 7.0 12.4

........... 14.05

.. . ....... 14.40

(i. 85 15. 77

... ..... 15.3

M 7.0 12. 39 

6. 75 12.5 

. . 6.8 10.3 

........... 11.15

.2 ....... 11.07

.... 7.1 12.1

........... 13.18

........... 1141

........... 10.78

.... 6. 9 20. 97

... ....... I 9. SI 

>. 5 ........ 18.45

.... 0. S 16.92

...... 15.6

i. 55 7.25 14.6

........... 13.75

.... 7.05 13. 0

7.15 12.4

,. 5 7. 2 12. 1

.... 6. 95 11.9

7.05 11.5

,. S 7.1 11.2

.. . 7. IE 11.0 

.... 9. 02 10. 9

.... 11.1 .......

.... 11.45 .......

10.4

10.0

0 f\

9.5

9.6

0.0

9.45 

9.23 

0.1

8.9

8.8

8.7

8.6

8.55

8.9

8.7

S. 5

8.25

8.05

7.85

7. 75

7.85

7.72

7.55

7.5

7.7

7.8

8.05

8.15

7.92

7.8

(7. 75)

7.72 

7.43 

7.4 

7.4

7.45

7.55

7.3

7.2

7.08

7.0

6.8 

0.6

0. 45

(1.85

6. 05

6.4

6. 05

6. 05

6. 65

0.55

.(i. 08

0.0 

0. 05

a 02

0.7

6.5

0.05

0.45

0. 55

0.5 

6.4

0.2 

6 15

6.05

li.2

6.15

0.1

6.05

6.0

0.0 

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

6.0

0.0

6.0

5 8>

5.9

5.9

5.8

5. 75 

5.S

5. S

5. 65

5.9

5. 0

5. .15 

5.8 

5. 35 

5.0

5.05

5. 55

5.7

5.9

0.0 

0.0

(1.13

5.9

5. S

6.0

5. 25

5. 55

5.0

5, 75 

0.4

5.3

5. 5

5. 4

5.4

5. 55

5.3

5.2

5. 5 

5. 25 

5.5

5.05

6.1

5. 33

4.85

5. 05 

5. 35

4.5

5 0

5.4

5. 25

5. 05

4.9

5. 35

5. 53

5. 25 

6.0

5. 35

5.0

5.0

(5. 25"*

5. 5

5. 25

5.2 

5. 5 

5.05

4.9

5.15

175

5.0

4.6

5.1 

5.05

4. <".

4. 15

4.5

4.7

4.4

4.5

4 S

4.0

4.3

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.7

5.0 5 0

4.2

4.4 

 4.5 

4.5

4.6

4.3

4.3

4. 1

4.5 

4.2

4 °

4.2

4.9

4.7

4.3

4.7

4 3

4 Q

5.0 

4.9

6.0

5.2

5. 3

F>. o

3.4 

5.0 

5.0

5.6

5.6

5 4

5.6 

5. 5

~ r

5.0

K A

5. 0 

5.0

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to April 4, there, being a narrow, open channel from January 1 to 

24. (iage readings to water surface January 1 to 14, and to top of ice during remainder of ice period. 

Ice condition also during December, except for narrow channel during part of the month.

Hatiny table for Red Lake Hirer at C'rooksfon. .\finn.. for lf)0(>.

Gage Disheight. charge.

Ft ft. Sec. -ft.

4, 10 615

4. 20 liliO

4, 30 710

4. 40 760

4. 50 815

4, 60 870

4. 70 925

4. 80 980

4.90 1,040

5.00 . 1,100

5.10 ! 1,160

Gage

height.

Feet.

5. 20

.5. 30

5. 40

5. 50

5. CO

5.70

5. 80

5.90

6.00

6. 10

C>. 20

Dis- i Gage

charge. : height.

Sec. -ft.

1.220

1,280

1,340

1.400

Feet.

.30

1.40

 ,50

.60

1,465 i. 70

1.530 .80

1,600 .90

1,670 .00

1,740 .20

1.810

1.880

.40

.60

Dis- Gage Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

height, charge.

Feet. See. -ft.

1.950 7.80 3,095

2,020 8.00 3,255

2,095

2,170

8. 20 3, 415

8.40 3,575

2,245 8.60 3.735

2,325 8.80 3,895

2,395 9.00 4.055

2.470

2, 620

9. 20 4. 225

9. 40 4, 395

2, 7~5

2,935

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 24 discharge 

measurements made during 1902-1906. It is well defined. Above gage height 9 feet the rating curve 

is a tangent, the difference being 85 per tenth.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Monthly discharge of lied Lake River at Crookston. Minn.,for 1900. 

[Drainage area, 5,520 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. ' Run-oil.

Month.

Maximum.

Total in

Minimum. Mean. feet. ; Sec.-ftper Depth in

July ...........................

 } 'jgo

2,240

1,840

1,640

1,400

1,220

5, 880

2,020

1,250

815

638

660

1,020

8,090

'i 780

2, 540

1,520

1,260

983

836

92,200

56,600

481,000

151,000

93, 500

75,000

60,400

49,700

0.272

.185

1.47

. 085

.400

.326

.228

.178

19

79

38

32

25

a Estimated from gage heights and one ice measurement. 

* Discharge, April 1 to 4, estimated.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January and March, approximate; February, fair; April to 

October, excellent; November good.

PEMBINA RIVER NEAR NECHE, ST. DAK.

The gaging station was established April 29, 1903. It is located at 

the Great Northern Railway bridge, two-thirds of a mile north of the 

railroad station at Neche, N. Dak. The conditions at this station 

and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, 

page 40, where are given also references to publications that contain 

data for previous years.

Date.

1904. 

April 18. .......

April 26 .......

May 23 ........

June 8. ........ 

July 9. .........

October 17.... .

190t>. 

April 23. .......

October 22. . .

Hydrographer. Width.

Fret. 

R. Richards ................................. 85

.....do....................................... 92

.....do....................................... 96

E. C. Murphv. .... .... ..................... 86 

R. Richards'. ................................ 79 

.....do.. ......'............................... 72

L. L. Wilcox. ............................... 70

R. Richards. ................................ 70

.... .do ....................................... 66

.....do....................................... 66

Area of j Gage 

section. 1 height.

Sq. ft. 

634 

1,490 

909

837 

488 

29» 

274

220 

246 

157 

178

Feet. 

11.85 

18.12 

13. 28 

12.04 

X. 51 

5. 70 

."). 22

4.47 

4.88 

3.67 

3. 117

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

a 1,230 

3. 200 

2, 230 

1,780 

971 

363 

249

288 

372 

140 

132

" Discharge affected by ice jam below station. 

Daily gage height, infect, of Fembina Hirer near Neehe, X. Dak..for 1906.a

1.......

2

3.......

4.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

Day. Apr.

......... 4.0

8.5

... . . ... .... 9.0

.. . . .. .. ... 8.5

............................. 8. 0

............................. 7.5

..... ....... .........' (i. 5

............................. 6. 0

« 1904 gage height f. publis

May.

4.2 

4 15 

4.15 

4.15 

4.1

4. 1 

4. 1 

4.05 

4. 05 

4.0

hod in

June.

4.1 

4.3 

4.35 

4.35 

4.3

4.3 

4.3 

4.4 

4. 45 

4.6

Water-Si

July.

4.4 ti

4.1

4.2

4.3 

4.4 4.35 ' 

4.3 

4.2

ipply Par

Aug. Sept.

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.6

)er No.

3.05 

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

3. 65

3.65 

3.65 

3.65 

3.65 

3. 65

130.

Oct.

3." 

3." 

3." 

3. 5 

3. "n

3. "5 

3. "5 

3. "5 

3. "5 

3. "5

Nov.

3.65 

3.65 

3.65 

3.65 

3. 65

3.6 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5
RED RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. ' 33 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pembina River near Neche, X. Dak., for 1906 Continued.

Days. Apr. May. June. July.

11.................................... 5.0 3.95 4.65 4.15

12.................................... 4.9 3.95 4.6 4.1

13.................................... 4.8 3.9 4.5 ' 3.9

14..... ......... ... . . ...... 4.8 3.9 4.4 3.8

15.................................... 4.85 3.9 4.3 ' 3.8

20........................ .... . 4.6 3.95 4.45 3.6

24. ................................... 4. 4 4. 0 4. 5 3. 5

26.................................... 4.35 3.95 4.0 | 3.5

28.................................... 4.25 3.9 4.5 I 3.5

29.................................... 4.2 3.9 i 4.75 3.55

Aug.

q 7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.65

3.65

q fir

3.6

3.6

3 65

3. 65

3.65

q p,c

Sept

3.65

3.65

3.65

3.8

3.8

3.75

3 7

3.7

3 7

3 DC

q or

q o

0 0

q 7C

Oct.

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.75

3.75

3.7

o -

o 7

q 7

q 7

3.7

q 7

3 7

q AC

3. 65

3. 65

Nov.

3.05

3.05

3.1

3.1

3 2

q o^

q oc

NOTE. Ice conditions .liimiary 1 to April 7; also November IS to December 31. 

Rating table for Pembina River near Neche, N. Dak. 

JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1904.«

Gage Dis- | Gage 

height. charge. 1 height.

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 

4.50 131 ' 6.10

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5. 10

5. 20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5. 80

5.90

6.00

147 6.20

164 6.30

181 4.40

199 i 6.50

217 6.60

236 7. 70

255 , 6.80

275 6.90

295 ' 7.00

315 7.10

336 7.20

357 7. 30

378 7.40

399 7.50

420 7.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

442

464

486

508

530

552

574

596

618

640

662

684

706

728

750

772

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft. 

7. 70 794

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.60

7.80 816 1 10.80

7. 90 838

8.00 860

8.20 904

8. 40 948

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

8.60 992 15.00

8.80 1,036 ' 16.00

9.00 1,080

9.20 1,126

9.40 1,172

17.00

18.00

19.00

9.60 1,218 ' 20.00

9.80 1,264 | 21.00

10.00 1,310

10. 20 1, 356

10.40 1,402

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,448

1,494

1,540

1.770

2,000

2,230

2,460

2,690

2, 930

3,170

3,410

3,650

3,890

JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1906.&

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

79 4.20

85 4.30

92 * 4.40

100 ' 4.50

109 4.60

119 4.70

130 | 4.80

143 4.90

158 i 5. 00

175 5. 10

193 5.20

212 5. 30

231

250

270

290

310

330

350

370

390

410

430

450

5.40 470

5.50 i 490

5.60 510

7.00

7.20

7.40

5.70 530 7.60

5. 80 550 7.80

5.90 ! 570 8.00

6.00 i 590 : 8.20

6.20 1 632 8.40

6.40 674 8.60

6.60 716 8.80

6.80 758 9.00

SOB

842

884

926

968

1,010

1,052

1,094

1,136

1,178 -

1,220

oThis table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements 

made during 1904. It is well defined between gage heights 5.0 feet and 18.0 feet.

b This table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 9 discharge measurements made during 1905-6. It is well defined between gage heights 3.2 feet and 6.0 feet.
34 ' SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Monthly discharge of Pembina River near NecJie, N. Dak., for 1904~1906.a 

[Drainage aroa, 2,940 square miles.*]

Month.

1904. f 

April (8-30) d. ....................

July..............................

November (1-2(1) ........

The period. ................

1 !«)(!.< 

April /...........................

Mav............................

July............................

November (3-19) ...... .

The period. . . ...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

3,580 

3,870 

2,530 

2,690 

420 

315 

275 

217

217 

1.420 

926 

399 

315 

236 

217 

131

1,220 

231 

340 

270 

143 

106 

150 

136

193 

175 

193 

119 

119 

136 

136 

82

Mean.

1,920 

2,640 

1,690 

839 

385 

302 

235 

183

Total in 

acre-feet.

87,600 

162,000 

101,000 

51,600 

23, 700 

18,000 

14,400 

9,440

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.653 

.898 

. 575 

.285 

.131 

.103 

.080 

.062

.......... 468,000 ............

479 

193 

271 

175 

131 

147 

144 

111

28,500 

11,900 

16,100 

10,800 

8,060 

8,750 

8,850 

4,180

97,100

.163 

.066 

.092 

.060 

.045 

.050 

.049 

.038

Depth in 

inches.

0.56 

1.04 

.64 

.33 

.15 

.11 

.09 

.06

.18 

.08 

.10 

.07 

.05 

.06 

.06 

.03

i

a Monthly discharge values for 1905 published in Water-Supply Paper No. 171. Some are subject 

to considerable error, owing to doubtful gage heights.

o Revised since 1905 report.

c Values for 1904 are rated as follows: April, fair; May to August, excellent; September to November, good. Gage heights for September and October are doubtful; otherwise values for these months 

could be classed as excellent.

d Discharge estimated for ice period April 8 to 20.

« Values for 1906 are probably good. Some months might be classed as excellent, but the observer's 

records for June at least do not appear to be good.

f Discharge not corrected for ice conditions April 1 to 7.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN RED RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following miscellaneous measurements were made in 1906 at 

the mouth of Red Lake River at East Grand Forks, Minn:

March 23: Area of section, 627 square feet: discharge, 853 second-feet; ice 2 feet 

thick.

August 11: Area of section. ] ,000 square feet; discharge, 1,150 second-feet.

MOUSE KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The Mouse (or Souris) River rises in the southeastern part of the 

Province of Assiniboia, Canada, and flows southeastward to the western part of McHenry County, N. Dak., thence northeastward for 

about 30 miles to Towner, N. Dak., where it makes another turn to 

the north and northwest, which carries it back into Canada, to empty 

into Assiniboine River, a tributary of Red River. Its drainage basin, 

which is limited on the southwest by the Missouri Coteau and on the 

northeast by the Turtle Mountains, is relatively large, but its flow is 

small. The region through which it flows is generally gently rolling,
MOUSE RTVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 35

except in the immediate vicinity of the stream, where the hills are 

steep and high. The chief tributary of the Mouse above Minot is Des 

Lacs River.

The data collected in this basin are valuable for irrigat on purposes.

MOUSE RIVER NEAR FOXIIOLM, N. DAK.

This station was established June 22, 1904, and was discontinued 

July 31, 1906. It is located at the highway bridge 3^ miles northeast of Foxholm, N. Dak., a station on the Minneapol's, St. Paul and 

Sault Ste. Marie Railway. The conditions at this station and the 

bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 42, 

where are given also references to publications that contain data for 

previous years.

Discharge measurements of Mouse River near Foxholm, N. Dale., in 19(>')-6.

Date. ITydrographer. Width.

1905. j September Hi... 1 E. F. Chandler.

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

7.4

203 

241

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.50

2.92 

3. 40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a 4. 9

215 

310

i Wading section 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mouse River near Fo.rholm, N. Dale., for 1906.

Day.

1.............

2.............

3.............

4.............

^

6. . .

9.............

11.............

13.............

14. . .........

10.............

Mar. Apr.

3.4

4.0

5.0

6.1

8.6

8 9

8.0

7.8

6.8

5.6

4.8

4.0

3.9

May.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2 4

2.5

9 ")

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

June.

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.6

3.9

4.7

5.0

4.7

July.

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.1 '> Q

2.9

2.8

2 7

Day. Mar. Apr.

17............ ....... 3.9

18............ ....... 3.5

19............ ....... 3.4

20............ ....... 3.0

21.... .............. 3.2

22............ ....... 3.0

24............ ....... 2.9

25............ ....... 3.0

26 . . . . 3. 1 2. 9

27............ ....... 2.8

28............ ....... 2.7

29............ ....... 2.6

30............ ....... 2.6

31............. 3.9 .......

May.

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.2) ')

2 ?

2.2

2.2

) >

2.2

' 9

? 9

2.3

June.

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

July.

2 7

2.7

2.6

2. 5

2 5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

 > ')

2. 1

2. 1

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to March 31.

MOUSE RIVER AT MINOT, N. DAK.

This station was established May 5, 1903. It is located at the 

footbridge 150 feet northwest of the Great Northern Railway roundhouse at Minot, N. Dak. The gage'was read during 1906 by James
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Cavanaugh. The conditions at this station and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 45, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., in 1904-1906.

vte.

KM.

E. F.

....d

Hydrof

o. ..............

jrapher.

June 22 

June 24 

July 13......... R.Richards

July 14.........'.....do.........

August 12 ............ do.........

September 18... E. F. Chandler

1905.

March 27. 

April 27.. 

May 24... 

May 24... 

August 18..

Chandler and Richards. 

E. F. Chandler.........

.....do..................

.....do..................

R. Richards.

September 17...! E. F. Chandler.

t

1906. 

April 23 

May 29. 

June 29

3........ E. F. Chandler.............................

.....do......................................

.....do.................................. ...

.....do......................................

.....do......................................

Vidth Area ot Gage

sectionFeet. Sq. ft.

height.

Discharge.

Feet. ' Sec.-ft.

88 400 (i. 69 698

87 373 6.32 577

83 291 5. 16 279

83 299 5.29 i 312

77 220 4.40 ! 102

74 220 4. 30 88

i 

76 227 4.40 '' 114

70 195 4.03 44

77 223 4.56 139

54 89 4.45

48 58 4. 01

40 23

80 279

3.86

5.19

76 218 4. 42,

82 297 5. 33

50 57 4. 00

38 * 39 4.00

a 122

a 3(j

a 14

300

112

343

"30

« 31

a Wading section. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mouse Hirer at Minot, N. Dak., for 1906.

Day. Mar.

2

0

0

9........................... ........

12........................... ........

10........................... ........

18........................... ........

19

20........................... ........

21........................... ........

2:>...... .............................

26........................... ........

27

28........................... ........

29........................... 4.0

SO........................... 4.4 

31..-. ........................ 4.8

Apr.

5.0

5 ' >

5. 0

5.4

8.0

9.4

9.2

8.4

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

May. June.

4. 9 . 5

4. 8 . 5

4. 8 . 9

4.8 .8

4.- .8

4. " .8

4.- .9

4. (i .0

4. 6 .1

4. 6 . 1

4. 6 .0

4.6 .9

4. 0 .8

4. .> . 8

4.4 .5

4.4 .5

4.4 .4

44 4

4.4 .4

4. 6 5. 4 

4.8 ........

July.

5.2

5.2

5.2

r>. 1

5.0

4.9

4 9

4.8

4.7

4 7

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.5 

4.5

Aug.

4.4

4.4

4 3

4.3

A -3

4 3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0 

4.0

Sept.

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3 9

3 9

3 9

3 9

0 Q

3.9

3 9

3 Q

3 Q

3.9

Oct.

3.8

3

O

3.8

0 Q

3.8

3 9

3 9

3.9

3 9

3.9

3 9

0 Q

3.9

3 9

0 Q

3.9

3 9

** Q

0 Q

3 9

q Q

3.9

3 Q

3.9

q Q

3 9

3.9 

3.9

Nov.

3.9

3.9

3 9

3 Q

3.9

3 9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3 9

3 9

3 9

3 9

3 Q

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to April 5; also November 18 to December 31.
MOUSE KTVER DRAINAGE BASTN. 37

Tiatiny tables for Mouse Rirer at Minot, i\. Dak. 

JANUARY 1, 1904, TO DECEMBER 31, 1905.«

(] jin'e

height.

Feet.

3.80

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

10

20

height.

Feet. 

4.00

4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ff. , 33

50

Gage 

height.

Feel. 

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Se,-& '

87

Gage 

height .

Feet. 

4.40

4.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

108

130

JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1906.&

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

18

31

46

00

87

108

4. .50 130

4. GO 152

4. 70 174

4. 80 190

4.90 218

5.00

5.10

5.20

5. 30

5.40

5.50

5.00

5. 70

5.80

5.90 6. oo

240

263

280

309

332

355

379

403

427

451

475

(i. 10 

0.20 

0.30 

0.40 

0.50 

6.60 

6.70 

0.80 

0.90 

7.00 

7.20

499 

523 

547 

571 

595 

020 

G45 

070 

695 

720 

770

7.40

7.00

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.00

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

820

870

920

970

1.020

1,070

1,120

1,170

1.220

1,270

1,320

a This table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements 

made during 1904 and 1905. Prior to about June 20, 1904, the conditions of flow were not the same as 

they were after that date and any rating would be very uncertain. It is well denned between gage 

heights 3.85 feet and 0 feet. Above gage height 4.5 feet the table for 1900 should be used.

6 This table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements 

made during 1904-1900. It is not well defined above 0 feet, but is well defined below this point.

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, X. Dak., for 1904 to 190fi. 

[Drainage area, 8,400 square miles.]

Discharge in seeond-feet. Run-oiT.

Month. Total in

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. «*"-** , Sec.-ft.g3r - Depthm

1904. a

The period

1!)()5. b 

March .'.-31 .......................

May.............................

July......... ....................

The period . . . . ........ .

1900. c

Mav... ..........................

Julv ..............................

September

The rjeriod .................

427 152

152 108

108 68

87 OS

87 50

78 33

130 33

119 08

108 59

108 33

87 10

33 20

1 , 320 240

°18 108

499 280

280 130

130 31

31 18

18 8

258

114

81.7

71.8

04. 3

97. 0

01 . 2

04.1

98. 0

81.3

08.4

30.3

15. .)

24.0

159

401

214

01.9

26.2

16.1

18.0

15,900 0.031

7,010 .014

4, 860 . 0097

4, 410 . 0085

3, 190 . 0077

35,400 ............

5,230 0.012

3, 040 . 0073

3,940 .0070

5, 870 . 012

5,000 .0097

4,210 .0081

1,800 .0036

953 . 0018

1,370 .0029

32,000 .............

27,000 0.054

9,780 , .019

23,900 .048

13,200 .025

3, 810 . 0074

990 . 0019

043 . 0021

80,900 ............

0.04

.02

.01

.01

.01

0.01

.01

.01

.01

.01

.01

.004

.003

0.06

.02

.05

.03

.01

.003

.002

.001

a Gage heights for 1904 have been published in Water-Supply Paper No. 130. Discharge values for 

1904 are excellent. During the spring flood the maximum discharge was estimated to be 12,000 secondfeet. Discharge values for stages greater than about 10 feet are very uncertain, owing to the collection 

of debris below the section causing back water.

l> Estimates of monthly discharge for 1905 have been revised; gage heights for 1905 are published in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 171. Discharge values for 1905 are rated as follows: Mareh to August, excellent; September to November, fair.

c Discharge values for 1906 are rated as follows: April and September, good; May to August, excellent; October and November, fair.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

DES LACS KIVEH AT FOXIIOLM, X. DAK.

This station was established June 23, 1904, and was discontinued 

July 31, 1906. It is located at the highway bridge at Foxholm, 

N. Dak., a station of the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway. The conditions at this station and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 47, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Date.

1905. 

September 10. . .

190(i. 

April 24........

Do.........

Ilydrographer.

E. F. Chandler ..............................

.....do..... .................................

.....do.......................................

Width.

Jf'gg/.

17

17

Id

Area of 

section.

M8.3

22

0.9

Gage 

height.

Fed. 

1.90

2.30

2.30

2.31

Discharge.

a«\-/(. "1.6

"0.0

6.6

n Wading section.

Day.

1

2

3............................................

4............................................

0

7...................... ... .................

9. ......................._._...____._.......

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14.................................... . .....

10...................................... .. ..

17............................................

18.................................. . .....

19...................................... . ....

20.................................... .....

21............................................

22.. ................ . . .

23.... ............................ . .....

24.................................... ......

25

26.... ............... . ...

27............................................

28............................................

29.... .......................... .....

30.... . ........................... .........

31................................ .....

Jan. Feb.

2.0 .. . ...

........ 2. 6

........ 2. 0

2.0 ........

Mar.

2.4

3.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

5.3

6.0

7.0

7.3

Apr.

8.4

8.0

7.9

7.0

5.0

4.7

3.7

3.7

3.0

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.05

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.35

May.

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2J

2.%

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.%

2.3

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.7

3.7

3.5

June.

3 4

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.H

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6 2.6'

2.6

2.5

2.4

2

J

2.3

2.0

2 A

2.0

July.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

l.S

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

l.S

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

NoTE. -Ice conditions Janunry 1 to March 24; gage heights were probably to water surface in hole 

in ice: average thickness of Ice, 1.1 feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE.

Rating table for Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak., for 1906.

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-//.

1.80 0.9

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2. 30

1.5

2.4

3.11

4.9

6.3

2.40 7.8

2.50 9.3

Gage ' Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

11

13

lo

17

19

21

23

26

Gage

height.

Feet.

3.40

3. ,50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Gage

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

29 ! o.OO 92

32

35

38

41

44

47

68

5.50 119

6.00 149

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

183

222

265

313

NOTE.-The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1904-1906. It is fairly well defined up to gage height 4 feet; above that 

point the table is not well defined.

lfoM(Mj/ (ZtscAmv/e q/"_Dfs Z^zcs #tt;<T of Fo.tVmZw, AT. Z)aA%,./b/- J906. 

[Drainage area (US square miles.]

Month

Discharge in second-feet.

Total in

Run-off.

March (25-31)..... ...............

April.............................

June. ......... . ...............

July..... ....................... .

The period. ..............

''ti5 19

38 2.4

41 2.4

2. 4 0. 9

118

13.6

19.8

1.1

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. | foot. Sec.-ft. per | Depth in

3,550

836 , 1.180

68

7,270 ..

I I

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: March and July, fair; April to June, good.

0.192 0.05

.097 .11

. 022 .03

. 032 .04

. 0018 .002

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE.

GEXKRAL FEATURES.

The sources of Mississippi River proper lie between latitudes 47° and 

48° north, almost exactly in the center of the continent on an eastwest line; its mouth is in latitude 29° north.

The basin, which is very irregular in outline, can best be described 

as an oblong with the major axis, 1,700 miles in length, running southeastward from the northwestern part of Montana, through North 

Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri, and Tennessee, into the northwestern 

corner of Alabama. On each side of this line the basin spreads out 

from 300 to 500 miles, while on the east there is a large protuberance 

from the general outline extending to the Allegheny Mountains. The 

eastern outline conforms roughly to that of the Atlantic coast, the 

mean distance between them being about 250 miles; the eastern and 

western outlines are determined by the two great mountain systems 

of the continent, the Appalachian and the Cordilleran. The total area 

drained is 1,240,000 square miles. It includes wholly or in part thirty 

States, besides a small area in the Dominion of Canada.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Topographically the country included within the Mississippi basin 

presents all varieties of form mountain, prairie, arid plain, and alluvial bottom land teeming with vegetation, all are represented.

The drainage system may be divided into four grand sections, in the 

following order of size: (1) The Missouri basin, (2) the basins of Arkansas and Red rivers, (3) the Ohio basin, and (4) the basin of the upper 

Mississippi. The area last named, which is considered in this report, 

extends from the source of the river to the mouth of the Missouri; 

below that the stream is called the lower Mississippi.

Tn the northern part of Minnesota, 2,555 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, is a low plain consisting of sandy ridges of glacial origin, known as 

the Hauteur des Terres. It is a region of innumerable lakes, from one 

of the smallest of which, Lake Hernando de Soto, springs the great 

river. Lake Plernando de Soto is drained by a small stream flowing 

into Itasca Lake, which was for many years considered the source of 

the river. The length of Itasca Lake is about 4 miles and its breadth 

nowhere exceeds one-half mile. Its outlet is from 10 to 12 feet wide 

and from 12 to 18 inches deep.

From its utmost source to the falls of Pokegama the river flows 

through a drift-covered region in a valley, which is in some places 

narrow, in others broad and savanna-like, with many rapids in the 

narrower and with gentle or sluggish currents in the broader portions. 

In this part of its course it drains a number of lakes, among which 

Bemidji, Cass, Winnibigoshish, and Leech lakes are the most important. The total fall from the head of the stream to the mouth of 

Leech Lake Hiver, which is nearly as large as the main stream, is 

about 420 feet. The first rock in place is at Pokegama Falls, and 

thence to the mouth of Crow Wing River, which enters from the west, 

the average width of the stream is 300 feet; the valley is less winding, 

and the current is good, with many rapids of small extent. The 

mouth of Crow Wing River is only 75 miles in a straight line from 

Lake Ttasca, but the distance along the river course is 450 miles.

Below the mouth of the Crow Wing the river flows in a general 

southerly direction for about 475 miles. Within this stretch are several rapids, the chief being Little Falls and Sauk Rapids, and many 

timbered islands. The banks are abrupt, of clay or sandy loam, and 

lead to meadows that stand 60 feet above the river. At the falls of 

St. Anthony the river pitches down a vertical fall and rapid amounting to 75 feet in half a mile, and in so doing leaves the prairie and 

clay banks for a channel that lies between rocky bluffs of liinestone 

and sandstone, which continue for many miles down the river, gradually increasing to a height of 500 feet as the bed sinks below the general prairie level. The sides of the bluffs are not vertical, bare surfaces 

of rock, but are composed of easily eroded stone and drift, which form 

well-wooded or grassy slopes.
MAIN MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 41

Minnesota River, formerly called St. Peters River, enters the Mississippi about 10 miles below St. Anthony Falls, and below its mouth 

the breadth of the main stream averages 1,000 feet. From this point 

to the mouth of the Missouri the general characteristics of the river 

are the same a broad placid stream with innumerable islands, the 

entire width of the valley averaging 1 mile. In many places, especially where tributaries enter, there are fertile flats between the river 

and the bluffs. Fifty-five miles below the mouth of the Minnesota 

is Lake Pepin, an expansion of the river apparently caused by the 

immense quantities of sand brought down by the Chippewa.

At two places exceptions occur to the otherwise placid character of 

the river. At Rock Island, 111., 384 miles from St. Paul, there are 

rapids by which the river falls 20.4 feet in 12 miles, and at Keokuk, 

Iowa, 509 miles from St. Paul, is the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, 

where in a distance of 11 miles the river falls 21.85 feet.

The large tributaries below the Minnesota are the St. Croix, Chippewa, Wisconsin, Rock, and Illinois from the "east and the Iowa and 

Des Moines from the west.

MISSISSIPPI JMV15R PROPER.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER NEAR SAUK RAPIDS, M1NN.

This station was established April 23, 1903, and was discontinued 

March 31, 1906, owing to the construction of a dam 2 miles below. 

It is located about 1^ miles south of Watab station, on the Northern 

Pacific Railway, about 5 miles north of Sauk Rapids and 7 miles north 

of St. Cloud. The conditions at this station and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 51, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Dischanjf measurements of Mississippi Rircr near Send- Rapids, Minn., in 1903-1905.

Hate.

1903.

September 9... 

Do........

October 17.... 

1904.

April 20.......

July 1.........

July 25........

October 15. ... 

1905.

W

E. 

M 

L.

E.

R

E. 

T?

llydrographer. Width.

.R. Hoag. ................................

0. Murphy. . ..............................

.do.......................................

.do.......................................

.do.......................................

F. Chandler. .............................

. do.. .......................... ...........

. do. ....... ...............................

Feet.

580 

til 5 

til 5 

031

51o 

585

557 

572 

561

578

.itiO

582

580

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

4,080 

3,3.50 

3,340 

5,680

2,200 

4,170

2.680 

3.400 

2.860 

3.820

1.810

0 CQA

3,690

0 ageheight.

Feet. 

13. 22 

11.85 

11.85 

15.60

011.00

14.26 

13. 31

11.38 

12. 70 

11.77 

13. 75

dll. 29 

13.60 

12.88

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

7,910 

5,020 

5,040 

17,400

2.470 

12,300 

8,020 

4,740 

6 4,340 

e4,800 

9.350

2.620 

8.520 

6.800

olce 1.7 feet thick, and anchor ice. Gage height to bottom of ice, 10.20 feet.

6 Log jam 600 feet below.

c Partial log jam 600 feet below.

d Ice 1.5 feet thick. Gage height to bottom of ice, 9.9 feet.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River near 8 auk Rapids, Minn..for 1906.

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Dav. Jan. I Feb. Mar.

NOTE. No ice notes given by observer; ice conditions not known. The river, however, was known

to be open December 2(i, 1905. -

Rating table for Mississippi Ricer near Sank Rapids, Minn.,for 1903 1906.

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3,480 12.10

 ',610 i 12.20

3.740

3, 880

12.30

12.40

4,020 ; 12.50

4. IfiO ' 12. 60

4,300 12.70

4. 450

4,600

4,760

4,920

5,090

12.80

12.90

13. 00

13.10

13. 20

5,270 j 13.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5, 450

Gage

height.

Feet.

13.40

5,640 ' 13.50

5, 830

6,020

6,220

6.420

ti.630

6, 840

7.060

7. 290

7,530

7.780

8.040

13.60

13. 70

13.80

13.90

14.00

14.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,310

8,590

8,880

9,180

9,490

9,810

10, 150

10, 870

Gage

height.

Feet.

15.40

15.60

15. 80

16.00

16.20

16.40

16.60

16.80

14.40 ! 11,660 17.00

14.60 12,510 18,00

14.80

15.00

15. 20

13,400 19.00

14,350 20.00

15.340

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

16,370

17,440

18. 550

19. 700

20. 890

22, 120

23, 390

24, 700

26,050

33,200

40, 990

49, 290

Gage 

height.

Fet.t. 

10.80 

10.90 

11.00 

11. 10 

11.20 

11.30 

11.40 

11.50 

11.60 

11.70 

11.80 

11.90 

12.00

NOTE. - The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurement s made during 1903-1905. It is Veil defined between gage heights 11.5 feet and 16.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River near Sank Rapids. Minn..for 1903-1905. u 

[Drainage area, 12,400 square miles.]

Month.

1903.'' 

Mav 3-31 ......................................

Julv................... .......................

1904.rf 

January

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

21,200 

9, 650 

8, 450 

7,830 

18,300 

27.100 

9,840

April 11-30 f...... .............................

Mav. ..........................................

Julv..........................................

19.100 

12,500 

13,200 

8.040

Minimum .

10.200 

4,300 

4,230 

4,450 

4,520 

7,290 

5,360

10,300 

7,660 

5,540 

3.950

Mean.

13,600 

5,750 

6,090 

6,000 

10,300 

16,000 

6,720 

3.740

2,340 

2,070 

2,620 

12,600 

10,400 

8,700 

5.910

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

1.10 

.464 

.491 

.484 

' .831 

1.29 

.542 

.302

.189 

.167 

.211 

1.02 

.839 

.702 

477

1.19 

.52 

. 57 

.56 

.93 

1.49 

.36 

.35

.22

.18 

.24

.76 

.97 

.78 

.55

a It is possible that log jams below this station may have affected re suit sever relatively short periods. 

Ice, estimates are based on the observer's notes on ice statements and on two measurements made under 

ice conditions.

6 Gage heights for 1903 have been published in Water-Supply Paper No. 98. Discharge values are 

rated as follows: May to July, good; August to November, excellent: remainder of the year, approximate. Ice conditions December 1 to 31.

cNo gage-height records November 15 to 26.

<* Gage heights for 1904 have been published in Water-Supply Paper No. 128. Discharge values for 1904 

are rated as follows: April to November, excellent: remainder of the year, approximate. Ice conditions as follows: January 1 to April 10, December 1 to December 31.

f Ice gorge April 1 to 10.
MAIN MISSISSIPPI KIVER.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River near Sank Rapids, Minn., for 1903 Cont'd.

Month.

1904.

1905.6

July..........................................

November..... .. ........

December.....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,000 

5, G-.O 

10.300 

7.290

Minimum.

3,6£0 

4,020 

5,270 

3,740

'

4,680 

11,300 

22, 800 

35, 500 

51,000 

15, 800 

10,900 

7.6CO 

7,290

4,020 

4.380 

7,530 

10,900 

9,980 

7.0(0 

5,270 

o, 270

51 000 ,

Mean.

4,

4, 

8, 

5, 

3,

2, 

2

3,

6, 

* 14, 

21, 

28, 

12, 

9. 

6, 

fi, 

7,

10,

240 

570 

2£0 

400 

050

620 

500 

180 

570 

000 

OCO 

700 

900 

320 

700 

000 

ISO

100

Run-off.

Seo.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. miles, inches.

0.342 

.319 

.668 

.435 

.246

.211 

.202 

.256 

.530 

1.13 

1.69 

2.31 

1.04 

.752 

.540 

.484 

.580

.810

0.39 

.41

!49 

.28

.24 

.21 

.30 

.59 

1.30 

1.89 

2.66 

1.20 

.84 

.02 

.54 

.67

11.06

o- Log jam August 20 to September 3: discharge values corrected.

6 Gage heights for 1905 have been published in Water-Supply Paper No. 171. Discharge values are 

rated as follows: May to November, excellent; April, fair; remainder of the year, approximate. Ice 

conditions as follows: January 1 to March 29, December 1 to 31.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ANOKA, MINN.

This station was established May 8, 1905. It is located at a highway bridge three-fourths mile southwest of Anoka. The station 

was temporarily discontinued from July 20, 1906, to August 10, 1906. 

The bench mark is a chiseled cross on the face of the stone in the lower 

wing wall of the left abutment of the bridge, the second stone of the 

bottom course. The mark is about 5 feet from the lower end of the 

wing wall; elevation, 11.19 feet above the gage datum. The conditions at this station are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, 

page 52.

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn., in 1905 6.

Date.

1905.

December 27 ...

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler........................

R. Richards ..........................

,T--, + , Area of ^ ldth - section.

Feet. Sq.ft. 

...... 764 4.600 !

......' 755 3,700

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec. -ft. 

2.36 12.200

1.77 9,650

2.86 a7,910

April 12........ Horton and Brennan.

Mav 25.........' M. S. Brennan........

5.20

4.50

24,000

22,200

a Ice measurement made at section GOO feet below bridge. Lower surface of ice at gage height, 1.90 

feet; average thickness of ice, 1.06 feet.

3688 IRR 207 07 4
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn.. for 190<S.

Day.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

7............... 

8...............

9............... 

10...............

12...............

13............... 

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20. ..............

21............... 

22............... 

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26............... 

27.. .............

28. .............. 

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

2.3

2.1

"'2'. 2'

'"2.2

Feb.

2.3

""2." 5"

2.,V

2.3

Mar. Apr.

....... 2.3

....... 2.4

2. 0 3. 4

....... 5. 4

....... 5. 5 

....... 4.5

....... 5. 6 

....... 6.0

....... 5.5 

....... 5. 4

2. 4 5. 5

....... 5. 3

....... 5.3 

....... 5. 4 

....... 5.8

....... .5.97

....... 5. 97

2. 75 5. 85 

....... 5. 8

....... 5.6

....... .5. 4 

....... 5.4 

....... 5. 1

.2.7 4.8

....... 4. 25

........ 4. 25 

....... 4. 25

....... 4. 3

....... 4.8

....... 4. 25

May.

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

3.8 

3.8

3.8 

3.8

3.8 

4.0

4.2

4.25

4.2 

4.2

3.4

3.4

3.25 

3.2

3.4

3.5 

3.55

4.5

5.4 

6.0

6.0

June.

6.0

5.8

5.6

6.0

6.0 

6.45

6.8 

7.0

7.2 

7.35

7.25

7.2

6.8 

6.5

5.6

5.1-5

4.9

4.85

4.85

4.5 

4.5

4.8

4.8

4.7

4. 55 

4.55

4.8 

4.85

4.85

July.

4.85

5. 05

5.0

5.05 

4.9

4.85 

5.0

5.0 

4.8

4.8

4.25

4.2 

4.0 

3.8

3.55

3.5

3.0

2.8

2.55

Aug.

"."i.5"

1.5

1.55 

1.65

1.8

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.85

1.85 

1.85 

1.85

1.85

1.85

2.0 

2.1

2.5 

2.6

2.8

2.8

Sept.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7 

2.65

2.65 

2.6

2.3 

2.0

1.5

1.5 

1.5 

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8 

1.85

1.85

1.9 

2.0 

2.0

2.35

2.5

2.8

3.0 

3.0

3.0

Oct.

35

3.35

3.35

3.2

3.0 

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.6 

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2 

2.2

1.8

1.8

1.95 

2.0

2.0

2.05 

1.9 

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.3

2.8 

3.0

Nov.

2.8 

2.8

2.75 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6 

2.5 

2.4

2.4

2. 35

2.1 

1.9

2.8

3.8 

6.1 

6.9

7.6

8.8

5.3 

3.3

2

Q 

. O

2.8

3.5

Dec.

6.3

9.4

10.4

10.0

9.5 

9.5

9.3 

9.3

""ti.'s

'"f>'.2

"5.4

NOTE. The river was frozen from January 1 to March 31; gage heights are to water surface in a 

hole in the ice. except during February, when the river at the gage was frozen to the bottom, and gage 

heights are to top of ice. The following comparative readings were taken:

Comparative ice and water gage heights of Mississippi River at, Anoka, Minn.

Date Water 

Uate' surface.

January 22 .............................................................. J 2.2

March 18. ........................................................... .....' 2. 75

Top of 

ice.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.0

2.5

2.85

2.85

Thickness of 

ice at 

gage.

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.65

1.65'

1.3

1.2

Ice conditions caused backwater November 20 to 26: also during the first part of December. River 

frozen entirely across December 15.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

The following miscellaneous measurement was made of the Mississippi River from the Chicago Great Western Railroad bridge at 

St. Paul, Minn.:

October 31, 1905: Width, 894 feet; area, 7,640 square feet; gage height, 5.54 feet; 

discharge, 16,100 second-feet.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI DRAINAGE.

CHOW RIVER DKAINAGTC

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Crow River is formed by the junction of North and South forks. 

Below the junction the river is only 18 miles in length, while North 

and South forks are 96 and 80 miles long, respectively. With the 

exception of the Crow Wing this river is the largest tributary of the 

Mississippi above the Minnesota.

The basin of the Crow lies wholly within the State of Minnesota. 

It consists, principally, of rolling prairie, interspersed with groves of 

hard-wood timber, and is largely cultivated. The numerous lakes 

within its limits, some of which are 4 or 5 square miles in area, help 

to make the flow of the river uniform.

The stream is of value for water power, especially North Fork and 

the main stream below the junction.

GROW RIVER NEAR DAYTON, MINN.

This station was established April 13, 1906, and was discontinued 

July 21, 1906. It is located at the highway bridge at Berning's 

mill, about 13^ miles byroad from Anoka, Minn.,and about 7 miles 

up the valley from Dayton, at the mouth of the river.

The channel is straight for about 200 feet above and below the station. Berning's mill and dam are about 200 feet above the bridge. 

The mill uses only a small amount of the total flow. Water flows over 

the dam at all times. There is cone channel at all stages. Both banks 

are of medium height and are but rarely or never overflowed. The 

bed of the stream is of coarse gravel and is permanent. The current 

is swift.

Discharge measurements are made from the lower side of the singlespan highway bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner 

face of the left cylinder pier.

The gage, which was read during 1906 by Joseph Berning, is a 

vertical staff attached to a pile near the left end of the bridge on the 

upstream side. The bench mark is a point between two chisel drafts 

on top of the casing of the upstream pier at the left end of the bridge. 

An arrow chiseled on the upstream side of the pier points toward the 

mark; elevation, 15.66 feet above the gage datum.

The high water of 1890, the highest for fifty years, corresponded 

to a gage height of 15.5 feet.

Discharge measurements of Crow River near Dayton, Minn., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

November 2... .

1906.

1 Fydrographer.

E. F.

Hort

M. S.

Width.

Feet. 

100

108 

215

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

50!)

907 

2.030

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.79

0.53 

12.00

Discharge.

Ser.-ft. 

570

2,010 

8,050
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1900.

Daily gage height, infect, of Crotr Jtiier 71 car Dayton, Minn.,for 190(1.

Day.

3.... ...........

4................

12... .............

15.... ............

10................

Apr. May.

5. (i

........ 5. 9

........ 5. 0

7. 7 5. 8

77 59

l

Juno. July. Day.

13. '.i 8.0 18...............

12.9 .9 20..... ..........

12.3 .1 26...............

10 6 64' '50

Apr. May. June. July.

7.2 6.1 9.0 li. 1

6. H . (5. 0 8. 7 3. 9

Haling table for Crow River near Dayton, Minn..for 1906.

Cage 

height.

Fret.

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.:w

5.40

5.50

5.60

5. 70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.10

6.20

Bis- ' Gage 

charge, 1 height.

Sec. -ft. '' Fret.

1,080 :i 6.30

1,130 6.40

1,185 ! 6.50

1,240 6.60

1.295 6.70

1,350

1,410

1,470

1 , 530

1,595

1,660

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

1,72") 7.40

1,790 7.50

Discharge.

Se<:-ft.

\ , 855

1,925

1,995

2.065

2, 135

Gage, Dislieight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ff.

7.60 2,845

7.70 2,930

7.80 3,020

7.90 | 3,110

8.00 3,200

2,210 ; 8.20 3,390

2.285 ;j 8.40 3,585

2,360 8.60 3,785

2,435 8.80 3,990

2,515 9.00 4,200

2,595 9.20 4,420

2,675 9. 40 4, 645

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9.80 -

10.00

10.20

10.40

10.60

10.80

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

2,760 9.60 4,875

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,110

5, 350

5,600

5, 855

6, 1 15

6, 380

6, 650

8,050

9, 550

11,140

NOTE. The above table is based on three discharge measurements made during 1905-6. Its accuracy 

is wholly dependent on the accuracy of the three measurements which define it; an error in any one 

would involve a corresponding error in the rating at the stage of the measurement in question." The 

general form of the curve, however, appears to be very good.

Monthly <lisch<ir</r of Crow Hirer near Dai/ton, Minn.,fur 1'.)0<J. 

[Drainage area, 2,540 square miles.J

j Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

April 13-30. 

May.......

J une.......

Jillv 1-21...

imum.

2,930

11,000

10.800

3,200

Minimum.

1.240

1,080

3,300

1,470

Mean.

1,960

3,790

6,170

2,360

Sec. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.772

1.49

2.43

.923

Depth in 

inches.

0. 52

1.72

2.71

.73

NOTE. Values for 1906 are probably excellent. See rating table footnote.

HUM RIVER DRAIXAGt] BASHST.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Rum River, so named on account of the color of its water, starts 

from the southwestern part of Mille Lacs, in east-central Minnesota, 

flows southward, and enters the east side of the Mississippi at Anoka,
RUM RIVER DRAINAGE BASTN. 47

1\ miles below the mouth of Crow River. Its basin is about 80 miles 

long and averages not over 19 miles in width. The large body of 

water at its head serves an important part in maintaining the flow 

during low water. The stream flows between banks of clay or mud, 

and where it crosses the ridge of granite which produces Sauk Rapids 

on the Mississippi there is a slight fall over rock in place.

Rum River has been largely used for lumbering, and its small tributaries have many dams, built for holding and flushing logs into the 

main river. The data collected in this basin are valuable for waterpower purposes.

RUM RIVER NEAR ANOKA, MINN.

This station was established May 8, 1905, and was discontinued 

July 21, 1906. It is located at the highway bridge 6| miles due 

north of Anoka, the distance by road being 7^ miles. The conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in WaterSupply Paper No. 171, page 54.

Discharge measurements of Rum River near Anoka, Minn., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905.

1906. 

April 12........

May 26. ........

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler. . ............................

Width.

Feet.

148

149

145

200

191

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

877

939

488

1,950

1,290

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.65

13.16

13.26

17. 66

14.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

987

1,190

4,480

1.810

a Ice measurement; gage height to under side of ice 12.26 feet; ice about 1 foot thick. The discharge 

was about 60 per cent of the opcn-channol rating for gage-height 13.26 feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum Hirer near Anoka, Minn., for 1906.

Day.

1. ...........................................

8............ ...............................

9 . .

10............................................

t Q

14.... ........ ... . . .............. . .

15............. ..............................

16. ...... .. . . ...............

17.. ................. ........................

18............................................

19.... ................. .....................

20....................... ....................

21............................................

22............................................

23.................................:..........

24............................................

25............................................

Jan.

13.25

13.1

Feb.

13.25

13. ir>

13.2.5

11 4A

Mar. Apr.

........ 15.2

........ 15.3

13, 85 15. 4

........ 15. 6

........ 15.9

........ 18.0

........ 18. 45

13. 75 18. 55

........ 17.9

........ 17.0

........ 17.0

........ 17.5

13.65 1 17.4

........ 17. 35

........ 17. 45

........ 17.4

........ 17. 1

........ 16.8

........ 16.2

13.4 15.5

........ 15.1

May.

13.8

13. 6

13.4

13. <15

13.8

13.7

13. 85

13.75

13.7 

13.45

13.4

13.7

14.0

13.9

13.7

13.65

13.6

13. 45

13.4

13.5

13.8

13.8

13.8

14.0

June.

16.2

16.45

Hi. 3

15. 95

15 9

15. 7

16.15

16.95

18.98 

20.45

21.3

21. 15

20.15

19.0

18.25

16.85

16.25

15.5

14.6

13.85

13.7

13.8

13.75

13.8

July.

13.9

14.0

13.9

13.8

13. 65

13.0

13.0

12.9

12.8 

12. 7.5

12.75

12.7

12.7

12. 65

12.0

12.65

12.6

12.5

12.45

12.4
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1900. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River near Anoka, Minn.. for 1906 Continued.

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. ' June. July.

26............................................ ........ ...

27....................... ...................... 13.35 ...

28............................................ ...........

29.......................................... ............

30............................................ ....... J...

............ 14.3 14.2 13.95

............ 14. 15 15. 45 14. 5

............ 13.9 15.6 13.85

NOTE. The river was frozen January 1 to March 31; gage heights were to the water surface in a 

hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken:

Comparative water and ice gage heights on Rum River near Anoka, Minn.

Date Water 

1>ato - surface.

January 20 .............................................................. 13. 1

February 10. ........................................ ................... 13. 15

FaliriiQ rtT 94 T-i A\

March 17 ................................................................ 13. 05

March 24 ................................................................ 13. 4

Top of 

ice.

13. 1.3

13.2

13.3

13.2

13.3

13. 5

13 9

13.7

13. o

Thickness 

of ice.

1-T

1 2

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

Rating table for Rum River near Anoka, Minn., for 1906.

Gage

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

11. 00 470

11.10

11.20

11.30

490

510

535

11.40 560

11. 50 585

11. 60 (HO

11.70 640

11.80

11.90

12.00

12. 10

12. 20

670

700

730

760

795

' Gage

; height.

Feet.

12.30

12.40

, 12.50

12.60

12.70

12.80

12. 90

13.00

13.10

13. 20

13. 30

13. 40

13. 50

Dis- Gage

charge. height.

Sec.-ft. Feet.

830 13. 60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1.450

870 13.70 1,510

910 13. 80

950 13. 90

990 14.00

1.030 14.20

1,070 14.40

1,120 14.60

1,570

1,630

1.690

1.830

1.970

2,110

1,170 14.80 2,250

1,220 15.00

1,270 15.20

1,330 15.40

1,390 15. 60

2,400

2,550

2,700

2, 8.50

Gage,

height.

' Feet.

15.80

16.00

16.20

16.40

16. 60

16. 80

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22. 00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,000

3,150

3,300

3,460

3,620

3.780

3, 940

4,750

5,600

6,450

7.300

8.150

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 8 discharge 

measurements made during 1905-6. ft is well denned between gage heights 11.7 feet and 14.5 feet. 

The table has been extended beyond these limits, being based on one measurement at gage height 

17.66 feet.

Monthly dischargf of Rum Rirer near Anolca, Minn..for 1 !)()(>. 

[Drainage area, 1.430 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. , Run-off.

Month.

Maximum.

February .....

July 1-21 ......................................

5,2i6 

3, 150 

7,550 

1,690

Minimum.

1,630 

1,330 

1,510 

870

Mean.

672 

612 

786 

3,550 

1,720 

3,430 

1,150

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.470 

.428 

.550 

2.48 

1.20 

2.40 

.804

Depth in 

inches.

0.54 

.45 

.63 

2.77 

1.38 

2.68 

.63

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January to March, approximate; April to July, excellent. 

Flow under ice cover estimated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE. 49

MINNESOTA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Minnesota River rises in Bigstone Lake, which forms part of the 

boundary between South Dakota and Minnesota, flows southeastward to the city of Mankato, in the northern part of Blue Earth 

County, where it makes an abrupt turn to the north, and continues in 

a northerly and northeasterly direction until it enters the Mississippi 

at a point midway between Minneapolis and St. Paul. The course 

of this river is generally marked by wide bottom lands. It has a 

sluggish current, affording few opportunities for the development of 

water power.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MANKATO, MINN.

This station was established May 20, 1903, and was discontinued 

July 21, 1906. It is located at Sibley Park, 1 mile below the highway and railroad bridges across Blue Earth River and 1J miles above 

the city bridge in Mankato. Blue Earth River joins the Minnesota 

about 500 feet above the station. The conditions at this station and 

the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, 

page 56, where are given also references to publications that contain 

data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Minnesai.a River near Mankato. Minn., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905.

November 1 .... 

December 29 ...

1906. 

April 11........

May 24.........

Hydrographer. Width.

E. 

R.

H 

M

Feet. 

F. Chandler .............................. 298

S. Brennan. ..... ........................ 308

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

815 

811

1,890 

1,730

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.69 

3.70

7.59

5. 81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,240 

a 1,070

6,020 

4,300

a Ice measurement; gage height to under side of ice, 3 feet; ice thickness, about 0.8 foot. The discharge was about 55 per cent of the discharge as given by the open-channel rating for gage, height 3.70 

feet.

Daily gage lieight. infect, of Minnesota Hirer near Mankato. Minn., for 1906.

Day.

8. ............... .... ..... .

9. .................................. .......

10. ...........................................

11............'................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

Jan.

:i. 45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.35

Feb.

3.2

3. 1

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.95

9 9

2.9

0 Q

2.9

Mar.

4 95

4.85

4.8

4 9

4.8

4.9

5.4

5.4

5.2

4 9

4.7

4.5

4.4

Apr.

7. 1

7.6

8. 1

7.6

May.

6.3

6.45

6.55

6.6

7. 4 6. 55

June. July.

8. 2 , 7. 55

8.3 ' 7.4

8. 3 7. 45

8. 3 i 7. 4

8.5

7. 1 6. 45 , 8. 7

7.0 6.3 ' 8.8

6. 8 6. 25

7.1

7.4

8.0

7.45

7.8

8.85

8.9

6.15

8.95

9.1

6. 0 ' 9. 2

5.85

5.75

5.65

5.55

9.2

9.15

9.05

8.95

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.85

6.75

6.6

6.4

6.45

6.0

5.4 8.9 | 5.85
50 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn.,for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28... .........................................

29............................................

30

31 ............................................

Jan.

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.2

3.2

Feb.

2.9

2 9

2.9

2.9

3.1

3.2

3.4

4.0

4.45

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.6

Mar.

4.15

3.95

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.1

3.1 q 1

3.25

4.3

4.25

4.65

5.1

5.45

Apr.

9 2

9.25

9. 1

8.85

8.6

8.3

7.9

7.3

7.05

6.8

6.45

6.3

May.

53

5.3

5.5

5.55

5.35

5.75

5.55

c 7

5.75

5.8

6.55

7.0

7.6

8.0

June.

8.8

8.7

8.55

8.65

8.6

8.45

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.2

8.1

8.1

8.1

8.1

July.

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.15

5.0

4.8

NOTE.- Ice conditions January 1 to April 2.

Rating table for Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn.,for 1905 and 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,090

3,200

3,310

3,430

3,550

3,670

3,790

3,910

4,030

4,150

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,270

4,400

4,530

4, 660

6. 20 4, 790

6. 30 I 4, 920

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.70

5,050

5,190

'5,330

5,470

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

7.43

7.50

7. CO

7.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5, 610

5,750

5, 890

6,030

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.80

7.90

8.00

8.20

6, 170 8. 40

6, 310 ; 8. EO

6,450 :i 8.80

6, 590

6, 730

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

7,010

7,150

7,300

7,600

7,900

8,200

8,500

9.00 i 8,800

9. 20 ' 9, 100

6, 870

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 6 discharge 

measurements made during 1905 and 1906. It is well defined between gage heights 2.8 feet and 8.6 feet. 

On account of changes at gaging section, measurements of previous years were not applicable. For 

low stages this table gives over 25 per cent increase over the 1903 table.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 13,400 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

Maximum.

9,250

7,300

9,100

6,660

Minimum.

4,920

3,670

7,450

3,090

Mean.

6,9:0

4,650

8,160

5,120

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

.347

.609

.382

Depth in 

inches.

0.58

.40

.68

.30

NOTE. Values for 1906 are excellent.

CHIPPEWA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Chippewa River rises in the southeastern part of Ashland County, 

Wis., flows southwestward, and unites with the Mississippi near 

Wabash, Minn. Its principal tributary is Flambeau River, which 

enters from the east, in Gates County.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 207 PL. Ill

J. BRUNETT FALLS, CHIPPEWA RIVER, WISCONSIN.

Ji, LOWER PITCH OF BIG FALLS, FLAMBEAU RIVER, WISCONSIN.
CHTPPEWA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIJST. 51

The Chippewa is one of the most important power streams in Wisconsin. There are some 33 feet of fall at Chippewa Falls. Between 

the falls and the mouth of the Flambeau, 43 miles, there is a fall of 

244 feet, 116 feet of this being concentrated in five falls and rapids. 

The large flow of the Chippewa and the use of storage reservoirs to 

maintain the summer flow gives the stream unusual value as a source 

of power.

One of the best powers on Chippewa River, and one most cheaply 

developed, is found at Brunett Falls (PI. Ill, A), in sec. 18, T. 31 N., 

R. 6 W. It belongs to Cornell University, which also owns the adjacent land as well as the water rights. The best location for the dam 

would be about 650 feet above the foot of the rapids, where a 35-foot 

dam would create a large reservoir, backing the water up to the rapids 

at Holcombe, 5| miles above. The river at the dam site is narrow 

(70 or 80 feet), while the banks are high granite ledges; the plans are 

said to contemplate a dam 200 feet long. A steel wagon bridge has 

recently been built across the river immediately below.

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS.

The United States Weather Bureau has maintained a station at 

this point since 1900. June 1, 1906, the Geological Survey began 

making discharge measurements at the highway bridge; 2,500 feet 

below the dam at Chippewa Falls.

The channel is straight for 500 feet above the station and for a considerable distance below. The left bank is low and liable to overflow; 

the right bank is formed by a railroad embankment, which is under 

water in high floods. The bed of the stream is gravel and sand and 

is probably permanent. The current is swift.

Discharge measurements are made from the lower side of the steel 

highway bridge. The initial point for soundings is the inner face of 

the right abutment at the downstream side.

The gage is an iron star! attached to the downstream face of the 

first pier from the right bank. The gage readings for 1906 were furnished by N. O. Swift, the United States Weather Bureau observer 

at Chippewa Falls.

The river stage during the "sawing season" fluctuates very rapidly 

at times, due to the storage of water at Holcombe by the lumber company. This reservoir is opened two or three times a week to flood 

logs to the sawmill.

A measurement was made at this station on June 1, 1906, by M. S. 

Brennan, giving the following results:

Width, 721 feet; area, 4,700 square feet; gage height, 6.70 feet; discharge, 18.000 second-feet.
52 STTRFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for 1906.

Day. Mar.

1.. .........................

9

3...-..-......--...--.---...

4...........................

(j

7

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17.................... ......

18...........................

19...........................

21...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26......-.-.-...-.--.-.......

27...----...--...............

28...........................

29

30...........................

At>r.

4.3

5.5

6.3

8.0

7.8

8.0

9.0

9.8

9.9

9.5

9.6

11.0

11.4

10.5

9.3

8.8

8.0

7.8

6.3

5.0

4.2

May.

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.4

5.4

4.5

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.8

2.3

2.9

5.8

2.3

4.3

4.4

2.9

3.0

1.8

4.0

5.7

3.8

6.6

6.8

5.9

5.7

Junp.

8.2

2.3

5.0

3.6

3.1

5.1

6.0

5.6

5.1

5.0

4.0

3.9

3.5

0 Q

2.3

3.5

1.8

1.5

1.9

2.0

2.4

1.0

2.5

2.7

2.8

3.3

1.0

July.

1.8

2.4

2.3

2.0

2.4

2.3

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.3

1.6

1.5

2.0

2.7

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.1

1.3

1.0

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.0

Aug.

1.7

1.5

1.0

1 3

1.5

3.0

1.9

2.3

2.4

1.5

1.3

1.9

1.2

1.7

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.8

1.8

A K

2.8

4.2

1.8

2.7

1.5

1.3

Sept.

2.3

1.4

1.5

4.6

1.8

1 ^

1.8

1.5

1.4

2.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

3.0

6.5

3.6

2.6

2.8

2.5

2.8

3.0

6.8

3.8

3.5

2.5

2.3

2.4

Oct.

i.r,

1.8

3.0

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.2

1.2

3.3

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.7

2.0

2.3

2.4

3.0

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.6

3.8

Nov.

Q Q

3.6

3.4

3.1

3 0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.3

2. i

2.6

2.5

2.8

3.3

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.2

3.0

3

0

3.4

Dec.

3.0

2.7

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

NOTE. There were ice conditions January 1 to March 31; also December 13 to 31. 

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR EAU CLAIRE, WIS.

This station was established November 13, 1902. It is located 2 

miles below Eau Claire, at a suburb known as Shawtown. The river 

stage during the "sawing season" fluctuates very rapidly at times, 

owing to the lumber company at Chippewa Falls storing water about 

30 miles above the falls in a reservoir which is opened two or three 

times a week to flood logs to the sawmill. The conditions at this 

station and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 171, page 59, where are given also references to publications that 

contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis., in 1906.

Date.

April 25........

Hydrographer.

.....do.......................................

.....do.......................................

Width.

Feet. 

332

425

355

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,770

4,870

3,650

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.82

9.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a 2, 760

17,100

a Ice measurement; river partly open. Gage height tq'bottom of ice, 3.92 feet; ice 1 to 1.2 feet thick. 

Discharge was about 75 per cent of the open-channel rating for gage height, 4.82 feet.
CTTTPPEWA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 53

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis..for 1906.

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar.

3............... ....... ....... ....... 

4. ............. ....... ....... .......

5. .................. 4. 9f o.-io

8 ...................' 5. 15 

9. .................. 5.05 ....... 

10... ........... ....... ....... .......

12. ................... 5. 19 5.21

13............... ....... .--........-..

14. .............. 4. 25 ..............

15............... ....... 5.00 4.96 

Iti............... ....... ....... .......

18............... ....... ....... ....... 

19. ................: 5.24 4.95

20............... 4.21 .............. 

21............... ....... ....... .......

23............... ....... ....... ....... 

24. .............. 5. 13 .............. 

25............... 4.82 ....... 5.42

27............... .............. 5.32

28............... .............. 5.42 

29............... 4.65 ....... 5.28

Apr.

8.38

9.57

10. 90

12.27

13.48

12. 46

12.25

12.25 

12.90 

13. 55

13.50

12.99

12.95

13.73

14.86 

14.71

13.55

12.62 

12.08

11. 60

11. 36

11.20

10.41 

10.02 

9.62

9 28

8.76

8.45 

8.07

7.36

May.

7. 66

7.58

7.79 

8.30

8. 76

8.52

9.00

9.00

6.78 

7.16

7. 44

6.86

6.60

10.06

10.26

8.77

7.39

7.95 

8. 26

6. 60 

7.66

6.08

6.82 

10.06

6.75

8.16

9.82

10.94 

11.05

9 82

June.

10.30

6.22

9.00 

7.13

6.20

7.18

6.80

9.65 

9.82 

9.24

8.00

8.92

7.58

7.50

6.84 

6.74

6.42

7.20 

5.22

4.90 

5.02

8.51 

5. 26 

5. 04

6.11

6.41

6.86

8.87

5.54

July.

5.88

8.44

6. 64 

6. 12

5. 42

5.76

7.52

4.35 

5.20 

5.22

6.18

5.32

4.98

5.13

5.25 

5.58

6. 29

5.28 

5.60

5.72 

5.78

4.20

4.32 

5.04 

6. 69

5.32

4.88 

3.56

4.72

4. 52

Aug.

5.72

5.06

4. fO 

4.34

3.52

4.29

7.92

5.51 

5.27

7.87

5.52

3.68

6.62

5.05

4.62 

4.51

4.52

6.81 

5.08

4.03 

4.56

 4.77

8.73 

5.28 

10.20

5.32

8.33

5.54 

9.33

5.59

5. 50

Sept.

8.95

4.76

5.23 

9.55

5.82

4.83

5. 36

4.98 

4.48 

6.25

5.35

4.79

4.82

5.04

6.12 

6.50

7.78

6.84 

6.59

ft 33 

5.66

6.25

6. 45 

7.68 

6. 70

6.34

5.95

5.62 

6.22

5. 38

Oct.

5.32

5.28

6.60 

5.40

5. 18

4.85

4.26

4.24 

4.52 

4. 36

6.40

5.34

5.04

3.55

4.82 

4.90

4.64

5.12 

4. 45

5.39 

4.84

5.59

5.88 

7.02 

6.28

8.51

9.10

8.54 

8.32

7.84

7.60

Nov.

7.29

7.04

7.19 

6.99

6.74

6.57

(i. 55

6.76 

6.78 

7.20

6.80

6.92

6.65

6.54

5.95 

6.55

6.20

6.40 

6. 76

6. 54 

6.68

5.76

6.10 

5.98 

5.22

6.15

6.57

7.18 

7.43

7.34

Dec.

1.91

6.36

5.81 

6.02

6.04

5. 56

5. 25

5. 08 

.->. 07

4. 86

5.28

5.34

5. 56

5. 46

5.75 

5.12

5.65

5.42 

5.48

5. 06 

5.04

5.14

4.76 

5.41

4. fit)

4. ,58

4.89

4.81 

4.82

4.38

4.82

NOTE. River frozen January 1 to March 30. From January 1 to about February 20 and March 25 to 

30 there was an open channel west of the gage which varied in width during this period from 50 to 180 

feet. The river was open about 150 feet below the gage January 1 to Fe_bruary 15 and about 50 feet 

above the gage throughout the ice period. Fluctuations of daily gage heights during the open period 

are due almost wholly to ''flooding for logs'' by lumbermen. 'The following comparative readings 

were, taken:

Comparative water and ice gage readings of Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Win.

Date.

March 12. ...................................

March 19 ....................................

Water

surface.

... ........ 4. 2

........................... 4. 65

........................... 4. 9

.... ................. 4. 95

5. 2

........................... 5. 0

.......................... 5. 25

........................... 5. 1

........................... 5. 25

........................... 5. 45

........................... 5. 15

........................... 4. 95

........................... 4. 95

Top of 

of ice.

4.8

4.95

5.0

5.15

5. 4

5.05

5.35

5.2

5.8

5.5

5.05

5.05

Thickness 

of ice.

1.0

1.1

1. 1

1.1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.7

1.9

1.5

1.3

.9

1.0

.8

1.5

9

.9
54 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 190ti.

Rating table for Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis..for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,040

1,210

1,390

1, 570

L,760

1,950

2, 140

2, 340

 2, 540

2,740

2,950

3, 160

3. 380

3, fiOO

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5. 40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.10

6.20

' Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,820

4,050

4,280

4,520

4,760

5,000

5, 250

5, 500

5, 760

6,020

6, 280

6,550

fi,820

7,090

Gage 

heignt .

Feet.

6.30

6.40

- 6.50

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

7,3fcO

7,640

7,920

8,200

8,480

8,770 9,oeo

9,350

9,930

10, 530

11,130

11, 730

12,350

12, 970

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.40

8.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

13, tOO

14, 240

8. 80 14, 890

9.00

1 9.20

9.40

15,550

16,210

16, 890

9.60 17,570

9. 80 18, 2.50

10. 00 18, 950

11.00 ' 22,550

12. 00 26, 350

13. 00 30,350

14.00 34,500

15.00 38, 750

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

easurements made during 1902-1906. It is well defined between gage heights 4 feet and 15 feet.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis.,for 19(>(>.

[Drainage area, 6,740 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month. 

Maximum.

April. ......................................... 38, 100

May.......................................... 22.700

June..................... .................... 20.000

July .......................................... 13, 700

August ....................................... 19, 600

September. ................................... 17, 400

October. ...................................... 15, 900

i

Minimum.

10,400 

6, 770 

3,820 

1,140 

1,330 

2,910 

1,120 

4,570 

2,700

Mean.

24,900 

13,500 

10,000 

5,350 

6,220 

6,970 

6,270 

8,310 

4,810

Run-off.

Sec.-ft per 

sq. mile.

3.69 

2.00 

1.48 

.794 

.923 

1.03 

.930 

1.23 

.714

Depth in 

inches.

4.12 

2.31 

1.65 

.92 

1.06 

1.15 

1.07 

1.37 

.82

NOTE. Values for 1906 are excellent. During January, February, and March the flow probably 

seldom exceeded 3.000 second-feet and may have attained a minimum of 1,500 second-feet, or less.

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR LADYSMITH, WIS.

This station was established February 13, 1903. It is located threefourths mile south of the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway station, three-fourths mile south of Ladysmith; and one-half 

mile below the dam of the Menasha Pulp Company. The conditions 

at this station and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 171, page 62, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

No powers have been developed on Flambeau River for 70 miles 

above Ladysmith, but a fall of 353 feet in this distance insures many 

opportunities for development. At two localities Little Falls 

and Big Falls the power possibilities are of special importance. 

The first is in the NW. \ sec. 21, T. 35 N., R. 5 W., and is owned by 

A. J. McGilvary and B. D. Viles, of Chippewa Falls. A 15-foot dam 

at the head of the first rapids would give a head of about 25 feet at 

the foot of the rapids a short distance below. Big Falls, owned by
CHIPPEWA RIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 55

the John Heim Company, of Tony, Wis., is 6 miles above Little 

Falls, in sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 5 W. There is a descent of 25 feet 

here in a short distance, concentrated in three pitches, a view of one 

of which is shown in PI. Ill, B.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau Hirer near Ladysmith, Wis., in 1906.

Date.

April IK....... .

Ilydrograpker. Width.

Feet. 

M. S. Brennan.......... .................... 344

llortonand Brennan. ...................... 380

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

501

2.630

Gage 

height.

Fe.ft.

16.13

20.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o(j32

10.800

i Entirely frozen over. Gage height to bottom of ice, 15.33 feet; thickness of ice varied frpir 0.8 to 2 

feet; water surface 0.3 to 0.5 foot below ice surface. The discharge was about 40 per cent of the openchannel rating at gage height 16.13 feel.

Daily gage height, in feel, of Flambeau River near Lady smith, Wis., for 1906.

Day.

1 .... ..... - -

3. ........... .

4. - ....... . .

(i

8 ......

n . ...

10.. .............

n .......... ..

12.--..-...-..--.

13. .............

14.--....-....-..

1.5. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26....-.-.-......

27...... .........

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31.....--.....-..

Jan.

16.72

16. 90

16.85

17. 35

16. 65

17.10

16.70

Hi. 30

16.70

Feb.

16.80

17.10

17.00

17.4

Mar.

17. 10

15.60

17.10

16.60

Apr.

16.92

16. 92

17.00

17.85

18.15

18.20

18.05

17. 45

18. 15

18.38

18.30

19. 05

19. 65

20. 50

20.72

20. 65

20. 48

20. 35

20.40

20.40

20.40

20.10

19. 75

19.45

19.00

18.70

18.45

18.05

18. 05

17.90

May.

17.82

18.05

17.65

18.30

18.60

18. 55

18.20

17.78

17.52

17.40

17.18

17.10

17. 10

17.02

17. 25

17.00

17. 50

16.68

16.85

16.65

16. 90

16. 95

17.32

17.32

17. 50

17.70

17.38

17.80

17.50

June.

17.35

17.30

17. 15

16.90

16. 82

17.15

17.78

18.25

17.90

18.20

17.72

17. 45

17.40

16.85

16.80

16. 55

16.30

16.10

16.10

16.60

16.50

16. 75

16. 58

16.60

16.50

16.82

17.40

July.

16.80

16.92

17.10

16.80

16.82

16.20

16. 35

16.10

16.35

16.38

16.40

16. 52

16.60

16.35

16.20

16.40

16.30

16.20

16.10

15.95

16.60

15.88

15. 75

15.68

16.00

15. 55

15. 70

15.65

15. 75

15.55

15.00

Aug.

15. 20

15. 75

16.20

15. 25

15. 70

17.15

17.30

16. 95

16. 30

16.20

16. 35

16.20

16. 15

16.00

16.00

15.90

15. 70

15. 35

15.60

16.75

16.80

17.00

16.65

17.05

16.55

16.45

16. 35

16.20

16.50

Sept.

16. 15

16. 25

16.12

16.10

16. 05

16.10

16. 35

15. 50

15. 55

15.70

15. 60

15. 65

16. 65

17.12

17.15

17.08

17.10

17.12

17.10

16.78

16.28

17.02

17.08

16.15

16.65

16.58

16.25

16.40

16.20

16.55

Oct.

16. 15

15.70

15. 80

15. 40

15.20

15. 80

14.90

15. 75

15.85

15. 72

15. 70

15. 70

15. 65

15. TO

15. 65

17.05

"18. 50

19.65

19.70

19.5

19.75

20.20

24.40

20.45

20.20

20.50

20.40

Nov.

20. 25

20. 25

20. 30

20. 50

20. 10

20. 55

20.05

19.55

19.40

19.90

19.85

17.05

16.45

16.35

16.50

16.75

16.70

16.60

16. 55

18.05

19.30

19.35

19.30

19 45

19.45

19.50

Dec.

19. 55

19.00

« October 18 a dam below the station was closed, raising the water at the section.

NOTE. River frozen January 6 to April 4, approximately; also December 3 to 31. During January 

the average ice thickness was about 1 foot, while during February and March it was 1.6 feet.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Rating table for Flambeau River near Lndysmith, Wis.,frotti January 1, 1906, to October

17, 1906.

Cage

height.

Fret.

14.90

15.00

15.10

15.20

15. 30

15.40

15.50

1.5.60

15.70

1 5. SO

15 90

It) 00

Hi. 10

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

535

1)00

670

745

825

910

1,000

1,090

,185

, 285

,390

,500

,615

G ageheight .

Feet.

16. 20

Ki.30

16.40

16, 50

16. 60

16.70

16,80

16.90

17 00

17 10

17 20

17 30

17 40

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

1,735

1,855

1,980

2,110

2,245

2,385

2, 530

2.680

2, 835

2, 995

i 160

3,330

3,510

Gage

height.

Fret.

17.50

17. 60

17.70

17.80

17.90

18.00

18.20

18. 40

18.60

18.80

19.00

19.20

1 

j Dis-

' charge.

Sec. -ft.

3, 700

3,890

4,090

4,300

4,510

4,720

,140

,560

,980

,400

. 820

7, 260

Gage

height .

Feet.

19. 40

 19. t;o

19. 80

20.00

20. 20

20. 40

20.60

20.80

21.00

22.00

23. 00

24.00

. Discharge.

Sri .-ft.

7,710

8,170

8, 630

9,090

9. 5.50

10.030

10. 510

1 1 . 000

11.500

14.100

16.800

19,600

NOTE. The, above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made ch ring 190:5-1906. It is well denned between gage heights 15.5 feet and 21 feet. 

Owing to the closure of a dam below the section the table is not applicable after October 17, 1906.

Monthly discharye of Flam bean River near Ladysmith, Wis.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 2,120 square miles.]

Month.

April (5-30) ..................................

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,800 

5, 980 

5,240 

3,000 

3,330 

3,080 

1,340

Minimum.

3,600 

2,320 

1,620 

600 

745 

1,000 

910

Mean.

7,310 

3,680 

2,900 

1,770 

1,860 

2, 730 

1,170

K tin-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

3.45

1.74 

1.37 

. 835 

.877 

1.29 

. 552

Depth in 

inches.

3.34 

2.01 

1.53 

.96 

1.01 

1.44 

.35

NOTE. Values for 1906 are probably excellent. During the frozen period the discharge probably 

seldom exceeded 1,500 second-feet and rtmy have declined to a minimum of 500 or less. See ice measurement.

FLAMBEAU RIVER SURVEY.

In order to point out the power possibilities along the Flambeau 

River a survey was made during 1906 from Flambeau to a point 

near the western border of Lac Du Flambeau Indian Keservation; the 

section from the mouth to Flambeau had been surveyed by the 

Geological Survey in 1902. From the data collected sheets have been 

prepared showing a profile of the water surface, a plan of the river, 

contour along the bank, and prominent natural or artificial features. 

The results of this survey have been published on separate sheets and 

may be had on application to the Director of the Geological Survey.

BTjACK RIVER DRAIXAGT] BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Black River rises in the southeastern part of Taylor County, Wis., 

at an elevation between 1,300 and 1,400 feet above tide, flows in a 

general southwesterly direction for a distance of 128 miles, and joins
BLACK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 57

the Mississippi about 10 miles above the town of La Crosse. Its 

basin, wedged in between that of the Wisconsin on the east and the 

Chippewa on the west, is long and narrow, being at one point 

scarcely more than 3 miles wide. The total area drained is 2,272 

square miles.

The surface of the basin is gently rolling or level, and the country 

about the lower part of the river is well settled and under cultivation. The southern portion of the pine region crosses the basin 

between 60 and 80 miles from the mouth of the river, and all of the 

upper half of the area is forested. There are a few lakes at the upper 

waters, but the basin is not well supplied with natural reservoirs.

The river has a total fall of about 750 feet between source and 

mouth, or over 4.5 feet a mile. At Black River Falls there are 

very heavy rapids for a short distance, over hard granite rock. The 

tributaries, which are characterized by many rapids and moderate 

falls, are all small streams of little importance, though they furnish 

power for a few small mills.

BLACK RIVER SURVEY.

In order to point out the power possibilities along Black River a 

survey was made during 1906 from Black River Falls to Wisconsin 

Central Railway crossing. From the data collected on this survey 

sheets have been prepared showing a profile of the water surface, a 

plan of the river, contour along the bank, and prominent natural or 

artificial features. The results of this survey have been published 

on separate sheets and may be had upon application to the Director 

of the Geological Survey.

BLACK RIVER AT NEILLSVILLE, WIS.

This station was established April 7, 1905. It is located at the 

lower highway bridge at Neillsville, Wis., about 40 rods below the 

Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway bridge. The 

conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 65.

Discharge measurements of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., in 1906.

Date.

April 24. .......

Hydrographer.

.....do.......................................

.....do.......................................

Width.

Feet.

147

165

160

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

198

484

436

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.30

4. 46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

a 152

819

752

a Entirely frozen over; gage height given to water surface; ice 1.3 feet thick. The discharge was 

22 per cent of the open-channel rating for gage height 4.30 feet.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, infect, of Black River at Neillsrille, Wis.,for 1906.

Day. Jan. Feb.

2.. ............. 3.3 4.1

Q ^441

4............... 3.5 4.1

r -j A A f)

6. .............. 3. 4 4. 0

7.. ............. 3.5 4.0

8............... 3.5 3.9

9..--....-...... 3.4 3.9

13............... 3.5 4.0

15........-.---.. 3.6 J 3.9

17............... 3. 7 , 3.8

21.............. 4.0 4.2

23............... 4.0 4.4 

24............... 4.0 4.6

25............... 4.0 4.8 

26............... 4.0 4.9

27......... ...... 4.1 5.1

28............... 4.1 5.1

29............... 4.1 .......

30...............: 4.1 .......

31..-.......--... 4.1 .......

Mar.

5.1

5.0

c 9

5.0

4 9

4 9

4.8

4.8

4 9

4 9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.4

4 3

4.4 

4.3

4.2 

4.1

4.2 

5.1

6.0

6.6

7.2

a. 11 5

8.5

Apr.

9 4

11.8

11.6

n

o

11.0

10.6

11.4

10.7

8

Q

8.5

8

C

7.6

6.7

6.0

6.0

5.8 

5.4

4.9

4.8

4.4 

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.2

May.

4.6

C A

5.2

5.1

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.3

3.9

6.9

7.3

6.6

5.4

4 9

4

C

4.0 

4.0

4.1 

4.2

6.0 

5.9

9 3

8.3

7.2

6.5

5.8

June.

4.8

4.3

4.0

6.3

6 9

6.6

5.9

4.6

4.1

3.8

3.5

0 0

3.2

3.1

3.0

2 9

3.1 

3.6

3.9 

4.1

3.9

3.7

4.1

4.2

3.9

July.

3.5

Q Q

4.2

4.0

3.3

3.1

3.0

q 1

3 0

3.0

2.8

2.8

2

0

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.6 

2.6

2.2 

2.1

2.1 

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.4

4.0

3.7

Aug.

3.0

2.8

2.6

3.0

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.4

2 3

2.3

2.4

2.4

0 0

2.3

2.2 

2.6

3.0

3.8

4.1 

4.4

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.4

Sept.

4.5

4.7

4 ^

3.0

3.8

3.4

2.9

3.0

3

fl

 3 fl

3.0

2 9

2.9

3.3

3.3

3.4

Q Q

3.2 

3.1

3.0 

3.2

3.2 

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

Oct.

2.7

2.9

2.7

2.7

9 7

9 ^

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.7

3.0

3.5 

3.4

3.4 

3.7

4.2

5.2

5.2

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.2

Nov.

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.3

o 9

^

1 9

4 1

5.1

4 ft

4.4

3 7

3.8 

3.6

3.8 

5.5

6.7

6.6

6.3

Dec.

5.5

5.2

4 9

4.5

4.2

3.8

4.2

4.5

4.7

4 ft

4 S

4 8

4.3

4 3

4.5

4.6

4.6

4 %

a Ice jam. 

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to March 30 and December 20 to 31.

Rating table for Blark River at Neillsxille, Wis.,for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feel.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2. 40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

Discha rge.

Sec. -ft.

20

26

34

44

56

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

70 4. 10

86

105

126

150

177

205

235

267

301

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

Dis- Gage 

charge. height.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec. -ft.

338 5. 10

379 5. 20

424 ;! 5.30

473 ;; 5.40

525 1! 5.50

579

635

692

750

810

870

930

990

1.055

1,120

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

1,185

1.250

1,315 '

1,385

1,455

1,525

1,600

1,675

1,750

1,825

1.985

6.40 2.145

6. 60 2, 310

6. 80 2, 480

7. 00 2, 660

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

7.20 2,850

7. 40 3,050

7.60 3,250

7. 80 3, 460

8.00

8.20

8.40

8. CO

3,680

3,900

4,120

4, 340

8. 80 4, 580

9.00

10.00

4,820

6,020

11.00 7,300

12. 00 8. 700

NOTK.- The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is }viS''d upon 8 discharge 

measurements made during 1905 and 1906. " It is well defined'between gage heights 3.3 feet and 7.7 feet. 

Beyond these limits the discharge is only approximate.
WISCONSIN KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 59

Monthly discharge of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., for 1V06.

Discharge in second-feet.

Month. , , -- 

! Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

I

Mav ................................................................. o, 180 473

July. ........................................................... - ... 635 20

September. .......................................................... 930 105

October......................................... .................... 1,250 44

December (1-19) .................................................... 1,460 424

1,450

7on

100

274

298

733

874

NOTE. Values for 1906 are good, except July and August, which are fair. During the frozen period 

the discharge probably seldom exceeded 500 second-feet and attained a minimum of at least 150, and 

probably n,uch less.

WISCONSIN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN'.

Wisconsin River, the largest stream in the State of Wisconsin, rises 

in Lac Vieux Desert, a sheet of water about 10 square miles in area 

which lies directly on the line separating the upper peninsula of 

Michigan from Wisconsin, and enters the Mississippi just below 

Prairie du Chien. The river flows southward for 300 miles to the 

city of Portage; it then turns sharply and flows west and southwest 

for the remainder of the distance to its mouth. Its drainage basin, 

12,280 square miles in extent, has an average width of about 50 miles 

and is 225 miles long. From source to mouth the distance by water 

is approximately 400 miles. The stream lies for the most part in 

the eastern half of the basin, and below the bend at Portage it flows 

within about 10 miles of its southern edge.

The country drained is rolling, and in places decided ridges break 

the surface. In the headwater region are many lakes and tamarack 

swamps, and all the way down to Portage there is more or less swamp 

land between the ridges. The wooded (pine) country extends from 

the Michigan boundary line down to within 40 miles, by river, of the 

city of Portage. Below that point the pine disappears, and a semiprairie region gradually takes the place of the woods. In the southern part of the basin the Baraboo ranges of quartzite pass east and 

west from 400 to 700 feet above the surrounding country, and the 

bluffs along the lower river, especially on the south side, form prominent ramparts to the valley. Back from these the land is level or 

undulating.

Owing to the form of the basin and the position of the river in it 

there are no very large tributaries. The wooded character of all the 

upper portion of the drainage area aids in maintaining the flow of the 

stream during the dry and cold seasons and makes the Wisconsin 

one of the most uniform in flow of all the large tributaries of the 

Mississippi.

3688 IRR 207 07 5
60 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1906.

The elevation of the headwaters is 1,532 feet above the sea, and that 

of the mouth about 600 feet. Hence in a course estimated to be 407 

miles the river falls 932 feet, or about 2.29 feet per mile. The most 

rapid part is in the upper portion of the stream, and here are the 

available water powers. At the rapids the river flows over a rocky 

bed, but at intermediate places the bed is largely made up of sand, 

gravel, and bowlders.

In the 53 miles between the foot of the upper dam at Merrill and 

the foot of the Rhinelander dam the river has a natural descent of 

277 feet, an average of 5.2 feet per mile. In this stretch, besides several other fine powers, are included Grandfather Rapids, the largest 

water power on the river, developed or undeveloped. These rapids 

begin in the NE. 1 sec. 30, T. 33 N., R. 6 E., and extend to the SW. 

J sec. 31, a distance of H miles, and are the most noted rapids on the 

river. A view of them is shown in PL IV, A. The descent in this 

distance is 89i feet. The high bank and the bed of the river are in 

hard rock. For nearly thirty years the Wisconsin River Logging 

Association has maintained three logging dams on these rapids. It 

is probable that the cheapest method of developing this power would 

be to construct three dams of 30 feet head each, and that the power 

could be best employed by paper mills. The site is about midway 

in the 20-mile stretch from Merrill to Tomahawk.

About 1.5 miles above Grandfather Rapids are some small rapids 

where an 8.9-foot dam would back the water to the foot of Grandmother Rapids.

WISCONSIN RIVER SURVEY.

In order to point out the power possibilities along the Wisconsin 

River, a survey was made during 1906 between Sauk City and Dekorra 

and between Lewiston Station and Jersey City. From the data collected sheets have been prepared, showing a profile of the water surface, a plan of the river, contour along the bank, and prominent 

natural or artificial features. The results of this survey have been 

published on separate sheets and may be had upon application to the 

Director of the Geological Survey.

EAU CLAIRE RIVER SURVEY.

In order to point out the power possibilities along the Eau Claire 

River, a survey was made during 1906 from the mouth to Johnson. 

From the data collected sheets have been prepared, showing a profile 

of the water surface, a plan of the river, contour along the bank, and 

prominent natural or artificial features. The results of this survey 

have been published on separate sheets and may be had upon application to the Director of the Geological Survey.

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR RHINELANDER, WIS.

This station was established December 1, 1905. It is located about, 

8 miles southwest of Rhinelander, Wis., at the highway bridge about 

400 feet below Forbes and Wixson's dam and power station.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NO. 207 PL. IV

, . 

''>

.1. GRANDFATHER RAPIDS, WISCONSIN RIVER, WISCONSIN.

B EVAPORATION STATION, MADISON, WIS.
WISCONSIN EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 61

The channel is straight for 400 feet above and below the bridge. 

The banks are of medium height, but do not overflow. The bed of 

the river is rocky and is permanent; the current is swift.

Discharge measurements are made from the lower side of the twospan highway bridge; the initial point for soundings is the right end 

of the downstream railing of the bridge.

A standard chain gage, which was read during 1906 by E. H. Miller 

and Charles Hagen, is attached to the upstream side of the bridge. 

Length of chain, 18.97 feet. The bench mark is the head of the right 

bolt on the upstream side of the top of the right upstream cylinder 

pier. It is marked with white paint and the letters U B. M."; elevation, 13.96 feet above the gage datum. The reference point is the 

center of pulley of gage; elevation, 17.12 feet above the gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

........ 209

........ 215

........ 216

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

473

822

656

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.71

4.25

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

a 1,040

2.580

2,060

a Narrow strip of ice along shore. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin Hirer near Rhinelander, Wis..for 1905-6

1. .... .............

3!!!!!."!!!;!!;;!!!!!

4...................

5...................

(l ...................

8...................

9

10...................

11. ................ .

12...................

13..... ... . . .

14.................

15................. .

16.................

17................. .

18...................

19 ...................

20............... .

21.'. ............. .

22 .............. 

23................... 

24............. .

25...................

20............... . .

27................... 

28................... 

29............... . 

30................... 

31 ..

1905.

Dec.

2.5

2.4

2.25

2.4

3.0

3. 1 

3.05

3.1

3 °

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.05

2.85 

2.9

3.1

2.7

2.95 

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.7 

2.6 

2.8 

2.6

Jan.

3.0

3.0

2.75

2.9

2.75

2.75 

2.6

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.8

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.9

2.7

2.8

2.75 

2.75

2 9

2.8

2.75 

2.6 

2.9 

3.0

2.7

Feb.

2.6

2.6 

3.0

2.7

2.8

2.9 

3.1

2.9

2.55

2.6

2.1

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.4

2.5 

2.4

2.7 

2 9

2.9 

3.0

Mar.

2.8

2.5

2.95

2 95

2.4

2.9

2.8

2.4

2.8

2.6

3.0

9 QT

2.75

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7 

2.5 

2.7

2. 9

2.95 

2.8 

2.5 

2.3

Apr.

2.8

3.0 

3.0

2.95

3.0

2.8 

3.0

3.3

3.1

3 9

4.3

4.0

3.8

4.4

4.5

4.7 

4.0 

q Q

3.6

3.5

3.4 

3.9 

3.6

May.

3.4

3.3 

3.3

3.9

3.9

4.2 

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.3

3.2

2.6

3.1

s **

3^3

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.1 

3.1 

3.0

2.95 

3.2

1.8 

3.1 

3. 05 

3.6 

3.7

19

June.

3.1

3.2

2.8

3.1

3.2

3.6 

4.3

3.9

4.4

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.2

2.8 

2.4

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.5 

3.3 

2.5

3.1 

3.2

3.7 

3.1 

3.7 

3.7

36.

July.

4.1

3.1 

4.0

3.6

2.1

3.1 

3.3

2.5

2.7

2.8

3.0

3.15

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.85

2.8 

2.8

2.85

2.8

2.3

2.0 

2.2 

2 9

3.0 

3.1

2.9 

3.0 

2.0 

2.9 

2.6

Aug.

2 8

2.7 

3.1

3.15

1.4

3.1

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.5

2 7

2.9

2 9

2.9

2.8

2.8 

2.7

1.8

2 7

2.7

2.9 

3.0

3.1

2.5

2.8 

3. 2 

3.25 

3.0 

2.9

Sept.

3.1

2.4 

3.0

2.9

3.3

2.6 

2.5

2.8

2.1

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.8

2.0

2.4 

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.6 

1.8 

2.3

2.4 

2.45

2.4 

2.4

2.6 

2.6

Oct.

2.4

2.5 

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.8 

1.8

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.2

2.5

2.8

3.15 

3.0

3.0

3.1

90

2.6 

3.0 

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0

Nov.

2.95

3.1 

3.0

2.1

2.9

3.1 

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.5

2.1

2.4

2.9

2.4

2.6

2.45

2.5 

1.8

2.4

2.8

2.3

2.2 

2.1 

2.2

1.4 

2.4

2.8 

3.0 

3 2 

3.1

Dec.

3.1

2.65 

3.0

3.1

2.8

2.3 

3.0

2.65

2 9

o 7

2.9

2.7

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.6

2. 7 

2.3

2.9

2.5

2.7

2! 5

2.5

2.9

2.6

2.3 

2.8 

2.8 

2.2 

2.7

NOTE. No ice record.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS.

This station was established November 17, 1902. It is located on 

the highway bridge in the city of Merrill, three blocks from the Lincoln County court-house, one-half mile from the Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Kailway station, and 1,000 feet below the dam of the 

electric-power house. _ The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 68, where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous 

years.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin Hirer at Merrill, Wis., in 1906.

Date.

April 23 6.......

Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

M. S. Breiman...............................' 331

.....do....... ................................ j 334

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,090

2,300

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.92

8.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1 980

10.000

a Partly frozen; discharge about 50 per cent of open channel rating. b Logs running. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River, at Merrill, Wis., for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2... ......... ...

3..............

4

5...............

7...............

8............... 

g

10...............

11...............

12....... ... . .

13...............

14.... ..........

15............... 

10...............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20...............

21...............

22..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.6

5.75

6.45

6.3

6.85

5.95

5.8

5.7 

5.5

5.55

6.05

5.75

5.8

5.65

6.35 

0.15 

5.65

5.65

5.9

5.75

6.0

5.2

5.5

5.9 

5.6

5.7

5.55

Feb.

5.5

5.9

5.5

5.9

5.0

5.65

5.5

5.8

5.9

5.8 

5.65

5.65

5.55

5.7 

5.25

5.05 

5.1 

5.2

5.3

5.85

5.95

5.5 

5.95

Mar.

5.45

5.2

5.75

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.4

4.95

5.6

6.15

5.8

6.05

5.75 

5.6

5.6

5.9

5.75

5.6

5.95

6.15

5.8

5.65

Apr.

5.65

5.7

6.15

6.7

7.65

7.45

7.6

7.5 

8.0

9.75

9.8 

9.75

10.0

10.05

9.95 

9.45

9.2 

9.25 

9.5

9.55

9.4

9,15

8.25

8.25

8.0

7.55 

7.3

6.95

7.4

May.

7.35

7.65

7.8

7.6

7.75

7.75

7.3

6.8

6.75

6.95 

7.0

6.6

(). 65

6. 65 

6.7

6.95 

6.4 

0. 55

6.8

7 2

6.95

6.6

6.95

7.05

6.4 

6.8

6.55

7.2

6.95

June.

6.55

6. 65

6.45

5.85

7.35

8.15

8.25

7.95 

8.1

7.5

6.7

6.4

6.1 

6.1

5. 7 

5.55 

5.85

6.4

6.65

5.8

6.15

6.7

6.2

6.1 

6.05

5.9

6.45

July.

6.65

6.45

7.0

7.2

6.85

6.55

6.95

7.5

5.7

5. 7 

5.8

5.65

5.8

5.5

5.6 

5.25 

5.25

5.15

5.05

4.15

3.5

5.5

5.55

5.15

4.35 

4.95

5.15

5.0

Aug.

4.45

4.6

5.2

5.3

5.45

5.05

5.05

5.1

5.15

5.6

5.5 

5.9

4.8

5.2

5.05

5.15 

5.2 

5.05

3.3

5.6

6.55

7.15

6.8

8.45

7.75 

7.25

7.1

5.95

5.45

Sept.

5.85

6.45

6.4

6.35

6.15

5.9

5.6

5.3 

5.0

5.0

4.8 

4.7

5.55

5.6

5.65 

57

3.75 

5.05 

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.75

4.45

5.55

5.1

5.35 

5.0

5.15

4.7

Oct.

3.5

4.5

4.8

5.0

4.75

5.05

4.85

4.45 

4.75

4.15

5.3

5.3

5.0

4.35

5.15 

5.3 

5.95

5.1

5.9

5.6

5.6

5.85

6.95

6.65

6'. 5 

6.15

6.0

6.1

6.1

Nov.

6.05

5.7

6.0

5.95

5.0

5.75

5.45

5.85

5.25

5.35

4 9

5.2

5.0

5.65 

5.3

5.45 

5.15 

5.45

5.55

5.7

5.1

5.45

5.4

5.5 

6.1

6.3

6.3

Dec.

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.3

K Q

4.8

5.5

5.0

5.45

5.4 

5.55

5.4

5.0

5.35

5.4

5.6 

5.7

5.65

4.8

NOTE. No ice record by observer. Probably ice conditions during January to March and December.
WISCONSIN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 63

Rating table for Wisconsin River at Merrill, W is., for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Dis- Gage 

charge. height.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

3.50

3. 60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4. GO

4.70

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

790 4. 80

840 4. 90

895 I 5. 00

955 5. 10

1,020

1,950

2,090

2, 230

2.3^0

5. 20 2, 540

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

6. .50

1,090 5.30 2.700 (i. 60

1,170 5. -10 2.870 6 70

1,260 1 5.50 3,040 ! 6.80

1,360 i 5.60 3,220

1,460

1.570

1 690

1,820

5.70 3,410

5. 80 3, 600

5. 90 3. 800

6. 00 4. 000

6.90

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

Dis- | Gage 

charge. height.

Sec.-ft.

4,210

4.420

Feet.

7.80

8.00

4.640 ll 8.20

4,860 1 8.40

5, 090 8. 60

5.320

5,560

5.800

6,050

6.300

6, 820

7,360

7,910

8.80

9.00

9.20

9 40

9.60

9.80

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,480

9,070

9, 680

10.310

10,960

11,620

12.300

12,980

13, 680

14,380

15,080

15, 800

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1904-1906. It is fairly well defined between gage heights 5 feet and 8.5 

feet. Below gage height 4.5 feet it is only approximate.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis..for 1905-6.

[Drainage area, 2,630 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month. Maximum. Minimum.' Mean. S-.-ft.per Depth in

1905. 

April...........--.................:-..........

July..........................................

1906.

July.......... ................................

18.000

9, 680

5 9*>0

7,220

5.920

4.640

16,000

8.480

7,630

4,980

6,180

4,640

2,960

3,040

1,360

3,900

1,360

1,950

4,860

790

925

790

2,090

7.170

5,640

9,920

5.290

4,080

5,010

4,410

3,150

10,400

6,230

5,510

3,450

3,770

2,950

2,900

3,170

2.73

2.14

3.77

2.01

1.56

1.91

1.68

1.20

3.95

2.37

2.09

1.31

1.43

1.12

1.10

1.21

3.05

2.47

4.21

2.32

1.80

2.13

1.94

1.34

4.41

2.73

2.33

1.51

1.65

1.25

1.27

1.35

NOTE.- Gage heights for 1905 arc published in Water-Supply Paper No. 171. Discharge values for 

1905 and 1906 are excellent, although logging may affect the results to a slight degree. Ice conditions 

assumed January, February, March, and December. Discharge as giv°n by the measurements on 

January 24, 1906, is about 50 per cent of the open-channel rating.

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NECEDAH, WIS.

This station was established December 2, 1902. It is located on 

the highway toll bridge 3 miles east of Necedah, Wis., and 3 miles 

from the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and the Chicago and 

Northwestern railway stations. The conditions at this station and 

the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 

70, where are given also references to publications that contain data, 

for previous years.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Necedah, W is., for 1906.

Day.

1.... ...............

2...................

3...................

4...................

6........ ....... ...

8...................

9...................

10...................

11............... ...

12...................

13...................

14...................

10. .................. 

17...................

18.. ..... ....

19. .................

20.... ..............

21

99

23

24...................

25...................

26...................

27............... ...

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

6.5

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4 

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

5.7

0.2

6.5

6.7

7.1

7.1

7.9

7 9

Apr.

8.5

9.85

9.5

9.8

10.2

10.4

11.6

13.0

13.0

12.9

13.2

13.0

12.85

10 A

13.3 

13.3

12.9

12.1

11.3

11.0

10.1

Q i;

9.15

8.75

8.4

8.2

7.9

May.

7.5

7.6

l-l

7.85

7.35

7.0

6.75

7.5

8.1

7.85

7.8

7.25

7.2

6. 85

6.4

6.4

6.4

7.2

8.75

8.7

8.5

June.

8.0

7.8

7.4 7 ''

6.4

6.0

7.4

8.45

8.75

8.6

8.4

7.8

7.4

6.9

6.8 

6.7

6.3

6.4

.5.9

0.3

6.8

8.3

7.7

7.3

7.7

8.3

Q \

July.

8.2

7.65

7.4

7.85

8.0

7.8

7.2

6.4

6. 35

6.3

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.5 

5.1

5.3

5.3

5. 3

5.35

5. 05

5.1

5.05

5.2

4.5

5.1

4.6

Aug.

4.8

4.8

4.9

4 9

4.7

5.3

5.05

4.8

5.0

5.0

5.3

5.0

4.95 

5.0

5.05

4.7

5.1

4.8

A Q

5. 95

 6.7

6.9

6.7

7.3

7.9

7.5

Sept.

6.7

6.8

5.9

6.0

6.45

6.25

6.1

5.9

5.3

5.2

4 9

4.9

A Q^

4.9

5.7

5.2

4.9

5.0

C 0

5.6

5.45

5.15

5.2

5.15

Oct.

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.8

4.9

4.85

4.4

4.85

4.9

4.75

4.8

5.1

5. 15 

5.0

4.8

4. 65

4.8

5.1

6.0

5.75

6.0

7.0

7.1

6.9

7.0

Nov.

6. 65

6.4

6.7

6.7

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.55

5.4

5.1

5.9

5 9

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.2

5.2

5.7

6.4

6.35

5.4

5.6

5.6

6.5

7.1

8.0

8.9

Dec.

8.5

7 9

7.0

7.1

6.6

6.2

5.9

f» fiK

fi.O 

6.4

7.6

........

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to April 2. approximately. During March ice 1.6 feet thick. Ice 

conditions from about December 17 to 31.

Rating table for Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis.,for 1904-1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4. 50 2, 810

4.60 ' 3.020

4. 70 3, 240

4. 80 3. 460

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

3, 690

3, 920

4,150

4,390

4. 630

5. 40 4, 880

5. 50 5. 130

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

0.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5. 380

5, 040

5. yOO

6,170

6,440

6, 720

7.010

7,300

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6. (50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,200

6. 70 8, 500

6. 80 8, 800

6.90 9,100

7. 00 9, 400

7.20 10,000

7. 40 10, 000

7. (SO 11, 200

Gage 

height.

feet.

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.00

7,600 7.80 11.800 9.80

7.900 8.00 12.400 10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

13,000

13,000

14, 200

14,800

15.400

10,000

16,000

17.200

17,800

18. 400

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1904 and 1905. It is well defined between gage heights 4.5 feet and 10.5 feet. 

From gage height 6.3 feet to 11 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 300 per tenth. 

Above 11 feet the bank overflows, causing the discharge to increase at a greater rate per foot rise of 

gage.
WAPSIPINICON RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River near Nfcedah, Wis.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 5,800 square miles.J

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month. Maximum.' Minimum. Mean. , Seo.-ft.per [ IJeghto

Tuly..........................................

35, 400

14.600

14,600

13.000

12,100

8,800

9,700

15, 100

13,900

12.100

7,010

6, 170

2,810

3,240

3.690

2,000

4,150

6,040

22,600

10,500

10, 800

5,240

5,140

4,840

6,760

8,160

3.90

1.81

1.86

1.13

.903

.886

.a34

1.17

1.41

4.35

2.09

2.08

1.30

1.04

.99

.96

1.30

1.00

a Discharge values December 17 to 19 corrected for ice conditions. 

NOTE. Values for 1906 good.

WAPSIPINICON RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Wapsipinicon River rises in Mower County, Minn., and flows southeastward, entering the Mississippi near Shafton, Scott County, Iowa. 

Its total drainage area is 2,300 square miles.

The river is generally fairly constant in flow, though its headwaters 

are sometimes low. As a rule, its banks are moderately high and the 

stream is well confined. There are numerous small power sites on 

this stream at Toronto, Oxford Mills, Newport, Anamosa, Central 

City, Troy Mills, Quasqueton, Independence, and Littleton. At several of these points, notably at Anamosa, there are good opportunities 

for building dams.

WAPSIPINICON RIVER AT STONE CITY, IOWA.

This station was established August 19, 1903. It is located in 

Stone City at the highway bridge, just above the Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railway bridge, and near the Dearborn stone quarry. 

The conditions at this station and. the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 73, where are given also references 

to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, in 1906.

Date.

April 2.........

Hydrographer,

.....do.........

Width.

Fe(t.

125

186

189

181

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

173

1,490

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

2. 68 a 95

10. 26

2 200 13. 64

1,430 9.88

4,750

9.340

4,580

"Stream frozen entirely across; thickness of ice, 0.9 foot. The discharge was al>out 60 per cent of 

the open-channel rating for gage height, 2.68 feet.
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1906.

I>ay.

1 .....................

2.. ......... ......... 

3..................... 

4. .............. .. .

6 .....................

9.....................

10 .....................

11 ..................

12..... .... ... . 

13 .....................

14...... ..... .

15............... ... .

10... ..

17 ................... . 

18................... .

19........... ... .

20 .....................

21 ....... ... ... . 

22 .................. .

23 ........ . . 

24 ... .

25 . ...................

26...... .. . 

27........... .... 

28 ..-................". 

29............ .. . 

30............... .

31........... ,.

Jan.

"2." 76"

2.68

.......

"2." 68'

---

3.02

3.75

3.16

Feb.

' ~3."04"

"3.26

3. 80

5.05 

6.12

7.44

8.40

8.55 

8.95 

9.55

Mar.

Q 49

10.02 

11.60 

11.92

10.80

10.10 

 9.30 

8.80

8.50

8.15

7.50 

7.10 

6.35 

5.45

5.50

5.45

4 95

A 79

4.64 

4.30

3.92

3.84

4.45 

6.09 

7.42 

8.90 i n S9

13. 66

Apr.

12.45

10.00 

8.70 

7.75

7.42

6.98 

6.85 

6.70

7.45

7.92

8.20 

8.20 

7.88 

7.20

6.54

6.23 

5.90

5 62

5.38 

5. 05

4.55

4. 32

3.96 

3.85 

3.72 

3.65 

3.60

May.

3.62

3.60 

3. ,56 

3.55

3.52 

3.50 

3.48

3.58

3.60

3.58 

3.52 

3.48 

3.44

3.40

3.38 

3.52

Q OK

3.32 

3.25

Q OA

3.60

4.30

4.30 

4.02 

3.95 

4.02

3.75

June.

3.95

4.32 

5.02 

5.44

4,80 

4.35 

3.92

3.73

3.50

3.48 

3.34 

3.25 

3.25

3.28

3.40

3. 35 

3.24

3.10 

3.10

3.06

3.04

2 92 

2.98 

2.96 

2.94 

2 98

July.

2.95

2.92 

3.02 

3.12

3.42 

3.40 

3.30

3.22

3.15

3.12 

3.10 

3. 35 

3.08

3.00

2.94

2.90 

2.85

2.74

2.80 

2.90

2.S8

2.80

2.72

2.76 

2.78

2.88

0 Qfi

2.92

Aug.

2.90

2.90 

2.82 

2.85

2.82

3.12 

3.04 

3.00

3.26

3.26

3.40 

3.68 

3.68 

3.56

3.42

3.40

3.35 

3.22

3. 12

3.05

3.00 

2.94

2.91

2.85

2.90

2.96 

2.92 

2.88 

2.84

2.79

Sept.

2.72

2.68 

2.65 

2.61

2.60

2.64 

2.62 

2.62

2.62

2.63

2.62 

2.72 

2.82 

2.72

2.71

2.70

2.75 

2.76

2 86

2.96

2.95 

3.15

3.32 

3.52

3.55

3.54 

3.42 

3. 30 

3.22

Oct.

3.08

3.02 

3.00 

2.92

2.85

2.84 

2.80 

2.78

2.74

2.72

2.68 

2.66 

2.68 

2.64

2.64

2.62

2.62 

2.62

2.62

2.58

2.56 

2.01

2.60 

2.64

2.62

2.60 

2.62 

2.64 

2.64 

2.65

2.66

Nov.

2.68

2.80

2.78 

2.80

2.78

2.80 

2.76 

2.74

2 72

2.70

2.68 

2.66 

2.65 

2.65

2.74

2.74

2.75 

2.72

2.70

2.68

2.70 

2.62

2.54 

2.52

2. BS

2.96 

2.92 

3.12 

3.08 

3.08

NOTE. River frozen January 1 to March 2; thickness of ice increasd from 0.5 foot January 3 to 1.3 

feet February 14. River also frozen November 23 to 27 and "December 7 to 31. During December the 

thickness of the ice w.'is about 0.3 foot.

Rating table for Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

115

137

162

189

218

250

286

326

370

420

470

520

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

570

620

670

720

770

820

870

920

970 

1.020

1,075

1,130

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,185

1,240

1,350

1,460

1,580

1,700

1,820

1,940

2,060

2,190

2,320

2,450

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

DisSec.-ft.

2,580

2,710

2,840

2,980

3,120

9.00 3,850

10. 00 4, 640

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

5,520

6,560

7,770

9,160

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1904-1906. It is'well defined above gago height 2.7 feet.
ROCK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.]

67

Discharj'p in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

Maxima Minimum. Mean.

April....... .... ... .........................

Mav............ ....

July............... ...... ........... .......

November ......

8 690

7 100

870

1 480

560

279 X14

620

520

348

186

137

1 19

''58

236

405

.399

197

09 A

i CA

.137

0 515

1.85

.45

.26

.20

.15

.15

NOTF. Values 1'or 1906 are excellent. During tbe winter period the minimum flow was probably at 

least as low as 40 second-feet.

ROCK RIVER DRAINAGE HASLN".

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Rock River rises in the southeastern part of Wisconsin, flows 

south and southwest, and enters the Mississippi just below Rock 

Island, 111. Its length is 286 miles. Of the total drainage area 

(11,000 square miles), 5,650 square miles are in Wisconsin and 5,350 

in Illinois. The length of the basin is 175 miles; its greatest width 

is near the Wisconsin-Illinois State line, where for 20 miles or more 

it averages about 80 miles; above the boundary it averages 40 or 50 

miles in width, while below, in Illinois, it narrows rapidly.

In the upper part of its course the river flows rather toward the 

eastern side of the basin, but near the State line it approaches the 

center, and finally flows decidedly near the western boundary of its 

drainage area. The total fall of the stream, distributed with comparative uniformity throughout its length, is 340 feet, an average of 

1.2 feet per mile.

The country drained is undulating and comprises large expanses 

of unbroken prairie, groves, and extensive bodies of timber, swamp, 

and lake.

The data collected in this basin are valuable for water-power 

purposes.

ROCK RIVER AT ROCKTON, ILL.

This station was established May 13, 1903. It is located at the 

Rockton highway bridge, one-half mile from the Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railway station, 1 mile below the dam, and three-fourths 

mile below the junction of Pecatonica River with Rock River. The 

conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in WaterSupply Paper No. 171, page 76, where are given also references to 

publications that contain data for previous years.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Discharge measurements of Hock River at Rockton, III., in 1906.

Date.

May3..........

Ilydrographer.

.....do.......................... ..... . ..

.....do.......................... ............

.....do.......................................

..:.. do.. .....................................

.....do.......................................

Width.

Feet.

CAO

510

510

510

510

494

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

9 3QO

4 ^flfl

4,130

4,180

4,000

1,430

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.79

9

QC

10.55

9 36

9 13

4. 10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8 240

1 ft fiAfi

15, 400

16, 500

4,570

NOTE. Measurements January 31 to February 28, inclusive, were slightly affected by ice conditions 

below the gaging section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rock River at Rockton, III., for 1906.

Day. Jan.

1 ..... 3. 3

2 .... 2. 95

3. ............. 2.85

4 ... 3. 9

6................... 4.9

7 .... 4. 9

8......-......-.--.- 5.6

9. ......--.......--- 6. 25

10. .................. 6. 0

11................... 4.85

12 ------ 4. 0

13. ............... 3.5

14...........---.-.-. 3.1

15.............----.- 3.4

16........'.....--.... 8.4

17.....----...-.----- 7.25

18................... 7.1

19................... 7.3

20........-.---.----- 7.3

21 . ............. 9.62

22................... 9.5

23.-.-.-.-.--.--.---. 7.85

24. .................. 8. 7

25. ----.....-.-..---- 9. 3

26. .....-......-----. 9. 5

27....--.---....----- 9.15

29. .................. 7. 8

30 ................. 7. 1

31.......-......----. 0.05

Feb.

5.45

5.0

5.72

5.45

6.75

6.9

5.75

7.15

6.5

5.45

5.75

5.7

4.7

4.7

5.88

5.7

5.45

5.1

4.3

5.0

9.4

9.1

8.83

9.25

10.7

9.85

9.4

9.25

Mar.

8.8

8.8

11.15

10.8

10.0

10.25

9.85

9. 45

9.25

8. 75

8.4

6.8

6.05

6.2

6.2

6.0

6.25

5.61

5.31

5.0

4.75

4.3

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.65

8.21

8.3

8.7

8.8

8.75

Apr.

8.7

8.45

7.95

7.0

6.25

6.15

6.1

6. 15

6. 65

7.0

7.0

6.45

6.8

6.4

6.15

6.25

6.05

5.9

5.75

5.6

5.4

5.35

5.25

4.8

4 ^

4 53

4.5

4.21

May.

4.15

4.15

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.95

3.85

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.2

3.15

q A

2.95

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.9

q i

3 4

3.2

3.5

June.

3.15

3.0

2.8

2.45

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.6

2.7

9 A^

2.6

2 75

2.6

2.5

3.1

July.

3.3

3.2

3.15

3 0

2.9

2.85

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.45

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

Oct.

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.15

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

.95

.0

.0

.0

.25

.25

.3

.25

.3

.35

.5

Nov.

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.45

1 Z.K.

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.15

1 TC

i 7C

2 4

3.4

3.9

3.85

Dec.

q oc

3 0

9 S^i

9 7

2 9

2.65

2.25

2.4

9 ^c;

2.35

2.3

9 ^

2.0

9 n

9 n

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 C

2.5

1 5

1-.5

1.65

1 45

NOTE. Ice conditions January 5 to 10 and February 8 to 20; slight ice conditions during December. 

Gage heights are to water surface. This station was temporarily discontinued from July 21 to September 30.

Rating table for Rock River at Rockton. III., for 1904-1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

500

560

624

692

764

840

925

1,020

1,122

1,234

1,350

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1.470

1,600

1,740

1,880

2,025

2,170

2,320

2,470

2, 620

2,775

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

3.20 ! 3,105

3. 30 - 3, 280

3. 40 3, 455

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

2, 935 4. 40

3,635

3,815

3,995

4,180

4,365

4,555

4,940

5,345

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

4,80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

7.00

9.00

11.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,760

6,180

6,620

7,070

7,540

8,020

8,520

9,020

11,520

16,520

21, 520

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1904-1906. It is well defined between gage heights 2.4 feet and 6 feet. The 

table has been extended beyond these limits, being based on one measurement at 13.32 feet. Above gage 

height 5.6 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 250 per tenth. Below gage height 2 feet 

the rating is approximate.
ROCK RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Rod- Rirer at Rockton, III, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, (i,150 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. ^' '; P r 

Month.

January....

February..

March

April......

May.......

June......

July 1-20... 

October....

November. 

December.

18, 100

19,000

20, 300

15, 800

4,840

3,280

3,280

1,020

4,360

3,190

2,540

4.000

5, 140

4,960

2,540

1,740

1,740

472

560

802

9,620 1.56 1.80

9.760 1.59 1.66

11,800 1.92 2.21

9,160

3,590

2,280

2,330

641

1,280

1,740

1.49 1.66

. 584 . 67

. 371 . 41

.379

.104

.208

.283

.28

.12

.23

.33

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January and March, good; February and October, approximate; April to July, excellent; November and December, fair. Discharge for ice periods corrected.

ROCK RIVER NEAR NELSON, ILL.

This station was established June 8 and was discontinued July 21, 

1906. It is located about 1} miles west of Nelson, 111., at the Chicago and Northwestern Kail way bridge.

The channel is straight for 1,000 feet above and below the station. 

The right bank is high and does not overflow; the left bank is low 

and overflows. All of the discharge passes the section. The bed of 

the river is rocky and permanent, and the current is of moderate 

swiftness. The remains of old piers and an island above the station 

may affect the flow.

Discharge measurements were made from the downstream side of 

the five-span railway bridge to which the gage is attached. The 

initial point for soundings is the center of the right floor beam, 

which rests upon the right abutment.

The standard chain gage, which was read once each day by John 

McGlaughlin, is located on the lower side of the bridge about the 

center of the second span from the left side. Length of chain, 31.28 

feet.

The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the floor 

beam 363 feet from the right end of bridge; elevation, 30 feet above 

the gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Rock River near Nelson, IH., in 1906.

Date.

May 4..........

June 30.. ......

Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

M. S. Brennan... ...... ..................... 621 

A. II. Horton. .......... . ............ 602

.....do............... .... .................. 615

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

3,020

2,260

2,920

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.19 

5.02

6.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,380 

2,720

5, 190
70 SURF\CE WATER SUPPLY, 1906. .

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rock Rirer near Nelson, III., for 7.906'.

Dav. June. July. June. July.

1... .............................. ..

9

10.................................

11.................................

13................................. '

14.. ...............................

15 .................................

...... 6.2 16.. .............................. 4.7

...... 5.6 20................................ 4.85

...... 5.2 22................................ 5.0

5.0 4.8 25................................ 4.7

4.75 4.9 26................................ 4.8

4. 65 4. 9 27 ............................... 4. 85

4.85 4.7 28................................ 8.0

4.9 4.7 29............ ................... 6.4

4.8 4.7 30................................ 6.15

4.7

ROCK RIVER AT STERLING, ILL.

This station was established January 5, 1905, and was discontinued March 3, 1906, on account of an ice gorge destroying the bridge. 

It was located on the new highway bridge in Sterling, 111., about onehalf mile below the dam of the Sterling Manufacturing Company. 

The conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 78, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Sterling, III., in 1906.

Date. L Hydrographer.

[

Width.

Feet. 

......... 553

......... i 282

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

1,780

1.220

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.40

8.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

c 3. 370

'- North channel. 6 South channel. Ice conditions.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rock River, at Sterling, III., for 1906.

Day.

1.. .....

2

3................

4................

5 ...... . . . .

North channel.

Jan.

6.04 

6.06 

6.12 

6.12

6.12

6 . . . . 6. 16

7........ ....... 6.38

8................ 6.46

9........ . . ... 6.52

10................ 6.58

11...... ...... 6.63 

12................ 6.77

13 ................ 6. 82

14................ 6.88

15................ (i.98 

16................ 6.98 ........

Feb.

14.71 

14.64 

14.65

13.00

South channel. North channel. South channel.

Jan.

5.88 

5.90 

5.95 

5.98

6.00

6.06

6.22

6.29

6.40 

6.46 

6.66

6.70

6.77

7.04 

7.04

a Ice conditions January and February; 

South Channel bridge carried away Febru<

Feb. " Jan.

15.72 17............... 7.00

15.64 18..... . ... 6.98

15.64 19........... ... 6.98

20 7. 00

Feb. Jan. Feb.

13.10 7.04 14.90 

........ 7.02 ........

7.10 .

........ 21 ..... . . . ... 9. 20 ........ 9. 32

22 a 11. 84 a 11. 94

........ 23............... 13.26

........ 24........... ... 14.38

........ 27..... ..... ... 15.52

29 15 19

........ 13.52 ...

........ 16. 50 .

16 26

CO 14.78 15.66

........ 31............... 14.98 ........ 15.69 ........

both channels gorged with ice January 22 to February 26; 

iry 22; North Channel bridge carried away February 25.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE. 71

IOWA BIVKR J)KAIXAG"B BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Iowa River rises in north-central Iowa, flows in a southeasterly 

direction, and joins the Mississippi about 30 miles above Burlington. 

Its chief tributary is Cedar River, which rises in Minnesota and flows 

into the Iowa about 50 miles above the mouth of the latter. The 

total drainage area of the Iowa is 12,400 square miles, 4,470 square 

miles of this being tributary to it above its junction with Cedar River 

at Columbus Junction. Cedar River drains 7,600 square miles above 

its union with Iowa River.

The chief power plants in the Iowa basin are at Iowa City, Marshalltown, Cedar Rapids, Waterloo, and Cedar Falls. The data collected 

in this basin are valuable for water-power purposes.

IOWA RIVER AT IOWA CITY, IOWA.

This station was established June 1, 1903. and wT as discontinued 

July 21, 1906. It is located on the county bridge directly west of 

the university grounds. The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 83, where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

A measurement was made at this station on June 1, 1906, by M. S. 

Brennan, giving the following results:

Width, 171 feet; area, 735 square feet; gage height, 0.35 foot; discharge, 470 feet.

At the time of this measurement there was ice along the shore. 

Therefore the discharge was about 70 per cent of the open-channel 

rating.

Daily gage height, infect, of Iowa River at loira Citu. Iowa, for 1906.

DRV. Jan. ' Feb. Mar.

1........................................... ........

2

3............................................ ........

4............................................ ........

(>.... ... ........................

8...................................... . .

10............................................ ........

12............................................ ........

13............................................ -0.1

14.... ............................

15........................................ .

10....................................

17..................................... .

18......................................

19............................................ ........

20............................................!........

2.2

9.3

9 9

5.8

4.7

4.0

2.8

2 4

2.0

2.5

! &

2.7

Apr.

fl. S

7.2

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.0

6.1

6.2

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.0

4. 7

4.6

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.2

May.

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.6

Juno.

1.3

1.2

1.5

1.0

1.3

1.2

.9

.8

.6

. 6

.6

. 5

"?

!s

.5

.6

July.

1.1

.9

2.3

1.8

1.0

1.2

. 8

. 4

.4

- .2

 .3

= :i

 .7

- .7

- .7

-1.0

- .8

- .9
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for 1906 Continued.

Day.

21................................... ........

22............................................

9Q

24............................................

25.......:....................................

27............................................

28............................................

29................... .........................

30................... .........................

31............................................

Jan.

6.0

2.7

Feb.

7.6

8.0

8.0

9.4

Mar.

2.3

2.1

1 9

1.4

1.4

5.4

6.2

6.6

Apr.

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.1

2.8

2.2

2.1

1.9

1.8

May.

1.3

1.8

2.1

2.5

1.8

1.7

1.7

June.

i.i

1.0

1.1

.9

1.0

July.

NOTE. River frozen, January 1 to February 23; January 13, ice 0.8 foot thick; January 21, rise caused 

by ice jam; January 27. open water within 2 feet of gage; February 3, open water within 4 feet of gage; 

February 9, small opening below gage; February 17, gage reading to top of ice; February 24 and 25, ice 

jam. After June 3 gage heights were affected slightly by the construction of a dam belo'w the station.

Rating table for Iowa River at Iowa City. Iowa, for 1905 and 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-1.00

-0.90

-0.80

-0.70

-0.60

-0.50

-0.40

-0.30

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

360

392

426

462

499

538

579

622

666

712

760

810

862

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

916

971

1,028

1,087

1,148

1,210

1,274

1,340

1,410

1,480

1,550

1,620

1,690

Gage 

height.

-

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,760

1,830

1,900

1,970

2,040

2,190

2,350

2,520

2,700

2,890

3,080

3, 270

3,460

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,650

3,840

4,030

4,220

4,410

4,600

4,800

5,900

7,150

8,540

10,040

11,600

NOTE. Tne above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1905. It is' well defined above gage height 1 foot.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 3.320 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month- Maximum. Minimum.

May...........................................

11

7 

2

1

2.

100 

960 

440 

760 

270

1,620 

1,900 

1,090 

916 

360

Mean Sec.-ft per Depth in 

Medn - sq. mile. inches.

4,420 

4,750 

1.760 

l'.310 

948

1.33 

1.43 

.530 

.395 

.286

1.53 

1.60 

.61 

.44 

.22

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: March, June, and July, good; April and May, excellent. The 

minimum flow during ice period was at least as low as 470 second-feet.

CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

This station was established October 26, 1902. It is located at 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, about 50 miles above the mouth of the river, 

and is near the city gas works and the plant of the Iowa Windmill 

and Pump Company. The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 86, where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous 

years.
IOWA KIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1906.

73

Date.

March 31....- .

April 1 .........

April 2.........

Hydrographer.

.....do................................

.....do....................... ........

.. ..do............................ ..

.....do............. ................ .

Width.

Feet. 

....... 658

.... . 653

...... 658

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

6,550

6,060

4,390

4.740

3.740

dage 

height.

Feet. 

11.82

8.60

9.15

7. TO

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

32 900

29, 001)

20,200'

22.200

15.700

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cedar Rirer at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1906.

Day. Jan.

1............... 3.0 

2. .............. 2.9

3. .............. 2. 85

4. .............. 2. 85

5............... 2.9

6............... 2.9 

7............... 3.0

8............... 3.2

9............... 3.15

11............... 2.8 

12............... 2.75

13. .............. 2. 85

14. .............. 3.0 

15............... 3.15

16. .............. 3. 15

17............... 3.25 

18.. ............. 3.2 

19............... 3.15

20. .............. 3. 0 

21 39

22. .............. 4. 5

23............... 3.8

25. .............. 3. 4

26. .............. 3. 4

27. .............. 3. 3 

28. .............. 3. 3

29. .............. 3. 3

31............... 3.3

Feb.

3.35

3.6

3.55

3.5 

3.45

3.5

3.45 

3.4

3.35

3.35 

3.3

3.3

3.3 

3.45 

3.5

4.3

4.6

5.55 

5.45

5.55

5.85

7.8

Mar.

8.25 

7.4

7.55

7.5

7.4

7.2 

6.65

6.3

5.8

5.4

5.2

4.3

4.15 

4.25

4.4

4.35 

4.3 

4.25

4.25

4.15 

4.2

4.15

5.1

5.5

6.45

10.29 

16.27

12.1

Apr.

8.2 

7.1

6.3

0. 05

5.8

5.6 

5.55

5.55

5.75

5. 7

5.8

5.65

5. 75 

5.9

5.85

5.55 

5.3

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.25 

4.2

4.15

May.

4. 15 

4.15

4.15

4.3

4.5

4.45 

4.4

4.35

4.2

4.1

4.05 

4.0

3.95

3.95 

3.9

3.85

4.0 

5.05 

5.85

6.35 

5 9

5.1

4.7

4.5

4.5 

4.85

4.95 

5.2

June.

5. 55

4.95

4.7

4.5

4.35 

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.15

3.95

3.9 

3.85

3.75

3.7 

3.65 

3.75

3. 65 

3. 55

3.6

3. 65

3.85

3.75

3.7

3.6 

3.65

July.

3.75 

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.8

4.05 

3.85

3.75

3.6

3.55

3.45 

3.45

3.45

3.45 

3.4

3.35

3.4 

3.4 

3.35

3*35

3. 45

3.55

3.3 

3.3

3.25 

3.25

3.3

Aug.

3.5 

3.45

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.7

3.85

4.4

4.3

4.6 

4.95

4.9

4.65 

4.4

4.25

4.05 

4.0 

3.85

3.85

3.65

3. 65 

3.7

3.65

3.7

3.65 

3.45

3.4 

3.4

3.35

Sept.

3.35 

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.55

3.65 

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.45 

3.4

3.35

3.3 

3.3

3.2

3.3 

3.35 

3.5

4.4 

4.0

4. 55

4.5

4.6

4.75

4.8

4.65 

4.45

4.25 

4.15

Oct.

4.05 

4.0

3.9

3.85

3.75

3.75 

3.6

3.45

3.45

3.45 

3.4

3.4

3.3 

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.3 

3.25

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.35

3.3

3.45 

3.6

3.8 

3.8

Nov.

3.75 

3.65

3.65

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.45

3.5 

3.6

3.55

3.55 

3.55

3.55

3.55 

3. 55 

3. 55

3.55 

3.6

3.65

3.5 

3.45

3.5

3. 65

3.85 

3.9

3.9 

4.1

Dec.

4.15 

4.15

4.05

4.1

4.05

4.0 

3.95

3.45

3.35

3.4 

3.45

3.6

3.85 

4.45

4.7

4.2 

4.35 

4.05

3.9 

3.95

4.65

4.5 

4.45

4.45

4.2

4.05 

3.95

3.8 

3.95

4.25

NOTE. River generally frozen over January 1 to March 15; open channel at gage during ice period; 

river frozen along shore December 17 to 31.

Rating table for Cedar Rii'er at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

600

720

840

970

1,110

1,270

1,440

1,625

1,825

2,050

2,300

Gage 

heignt.

Feet.

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,575

2,875

3,175

3,475

3,800

4,125

4,450

4,775

5,100

5,450

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

4.90 6,150

5. 00 6, 500

5.10 ! 6,850

5.20 | 7,200

5.30 7,550

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

7,900

8,250

8,600

8,950

9,300

5,800 5.90 9,650

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

10,000

10,750

11,510

12,280

13, 060

13, 850

17,800

25, 700

33,600

41,500

16-00 49,400

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906. It is well defined between gage heights 2.9 feet and 12 feet., 

Above gage height 7 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 395 per ten,th.
74 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1906.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1906.

[Drainage area, 6,320 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

July................................

December ...........................

Maximum.

........ 4.780

.......... 19.300

.......... 18. 600

.......... 11,300

.......... 8, 420

.......... 3. 320

.....--... 6, 320

.......... 5,800

.......... 3, 320

.......... 5. 450

Minimum. Mean.

660 1, 350 

1, 440 4, 200 

3,640 11,000 

3, 480 8, 210 

2, 720 5, 240 

1,940 3,400 

1,360 1,880 

1,440 2,860 

1,270 5,810 

1,270 1,910 

1, 720 2. 120 

1,190 3.310

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.214 

.665 

1.74 

1.30 

.829 

.538 

.297 

.453 

.919 

.302 

.335 

.524

Depth in 

inches.

0.25 

.69 

2.01 

1.45 

.96 

 .60 

.34 

.52 

1.03 

.35 

.37 

.60

The year. 50,500 660 4,270 .676 ! 9.17

NOTE. Discharge applied as for open channel during winter period, which may give somewhat 

excessive results. Values are rated as follows: January, February, and December, good; March to 

November, excellent.

RED CEDAR RIVER AT JANESVILLE, IOWA.

This station was established April 26, 1905, and was discontinued 

September 30, 1906. It is located on the Illinois Central Railroad 

bridge at Janesville, Iowa, about one-fourth mile below the highway 

bridge. The conditions at this station and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 86, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar Hirer at Janesville. Iowa, in 1906.

Date. Hydrographor. , Width.

Feet.

M. S. Brennan. .............................. 229

.....do....................................... 229

.....do.......................................i 229

.....do....................................... 229

.....do....................................... 229

.....do....................................... 229

Area of Gage 

section, height.

Sq. ft. Feet. 

178 1. 70

1,H8 ' 5.72

2,5^0 12.12

2, 150 10. 26

1,980 9.51

1,860 9.01

1,510 7.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o238

61,930

17,500

11,200

9,370

8,310

5,350

5,730

a River frozen entirely across. Gage height to bottom of ice, 0.70 foot: ice, 1.2 feet thick. Discharge 

,bout 70 per cent less than the open-channel rating at gage height 1.70 feet. 

6 Ice gorge one-fourth mile below station reduced the discharge about 50 per cent.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for 1906.

Day. Jan.

2........................... ........

3........................... ........

o........................... 1.7

6........................... ........

7........................... ........

8........................... ........

9........................... ........

10........................... ..... ..

Feb.

1 9

1.7

Mar.

6.7

9.4

8.8

6.2

6.0

4.0

Apr.

4 9

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.8

4.1

May.

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

June.

3.8

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.7

2.6

2.6

J uty1.7

1.6

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

Aug.

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.3

1 9

2.3

3.6

Sept.

1.0

1.3

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.4

. 1.3
IOWA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIIST. 75

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Janesi'ille, Iowa, for 1906 C'ont'd.

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

11. ..........................

13 ...........................

14...........................

16...........................

18...........................

19

20 ...........................

22...........................

23 ...........................

24.... .......................

25 ...........................

26...........................

27...........................

9g

29...........................

30...........................

31 ...........................

1.7

1 9

1 9

........ 6.1

........ 6.2

........ 5.7

........ 5.5

........ 4. 9

........ 4. 0

........ 3.6

........ 3.6

6.6 3.6

8. 4 12. 5

8. 1 13. 3

........ 10. 1

........ 7. 2

........ 6. 0'

3.7

3.8

4 9

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

1 9

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

4.5

7.2

5.6

4.0

3.3

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.3

3.2

4.7

6.1

6.3

6.0

4.7

2.2

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

2.0

1.5

July.

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

a 1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.5

1.7

1.4

Aug.

3.4

2.7

2.2

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

Sept.

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.8

3.8

4.3

3.5

3.1

2.9

4.5

5.0

4.5

3.3

2.6

2.2

2.0

1.8

a Interpolated July 21 to 27.

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to March 25: Thickness of ice January 12 to February 17, 1.3 feet. 

February 24 to March 1, ice broken up. March 3 to 9, river clear of floating ice but gorged below gage. 

March 12 to 21, river blocked with ice.

Rating table for Red Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

1. 00 380

1. 10 440

1. 20 500

1.30 560

1. 40 620

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

680

740

810

880

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

950 , 3. 30

1.020 3.40

1.090

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1,300 , 3.80

1,370 : 3.90

1,440

1,510

1,580

4.00

4.20

4.40

1,650 ' 4.60

1,720 4.80

1,790 5.00

1,860 5.20

1,940 5.40

2,020 5.60

3. 50 2, 100 5. 80

1,160 3.60 2,180 : 6.00

2.30 1,230 3.70 2,260 ;| 6.20

Dis- : charge.

Sec.-ft.

2.340

2,420

-2,500

2,660

2.820

2,980

3,140

3,300

3,470

3,640 , 3,820

4,000

4,180

4,370

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,560

4,760

4,970

5,190

5,420

5,660

5,910

6,180

6,500

8,270

10. 00 10, 500

11.00 13,500

12.00 17,000

13.00 21,100

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discha,»£e 

measurements made during 1905-6. It is well denned between gage heights 1 foot and 12 feet.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,840 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month. | Maximum.

March (26-31) ................................. 22, 600

June 9 340

July .......................................... 880

Minimum.

4,180 

880 

740 

560 

440 

380 

380

Mean.

11,200 

2,060 

2,070 

1,010 

548 

732 

1,200

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

6.09 

1.12

1.12 

.549 

.298 

.398 

.652

Depth in 

inches.

1.36 

1.25 

1.29 

.61 

.34 

.46 

.73

NOTE. Values for 1906 arc excellent. The flow during the winter period probably did not fall much 

below 240 second-feet.

3688 IRR 207 07 6
76 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

DES MOINES RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Des Moines River rises in the southern part of Minnesota, flows to 

the south and southeast, and enters the Mississippi near Keokuk, Iowa. 

Its principal tributary is Raccoon River, which joins it at the city of 

Des Moines. The total drainage area of the Des Moines is 14,700 

square miles. Above the mouth of the Raccoon its drainage area is 

6,460 miles, while that of the Raccoon at its confluence with the Des 

Moines is 3,680 square miles.

The Des Moines is the largest stream in the State of Iowa and 

affords numerous opportunities for the development of water power. 

It is the natural recipient of the sewage of many towns.

DES MOINES RIVER AT FORT DODGE, IOWA.

This station was established April 22, 1905, and was discontinued 

July 19, 1906. It is located at the "Swede Town" bridge, the only 

highway bridge in Fort Dodge. The conditions at this station and 

the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, 

page 90.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Fort Dodge. Iowa, in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet.

272

249

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

694

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, for 1906.

Day.

2.... .........

4.. ...........

5.. ........ ... 

6............. 

7.... .........

8.-..-..---... 

9....--..-.... 

10..... ........

11

12. ............ 

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

Mar. Apr.

5.7

5.45

5.2

5. 15 

5.2 

5.3 

5. 45

1 85

5.85

5.75 

6.05

6.25

6.4

6.4

May.

6.1 

6.05

5.8

5.5 

5.15 

4.85 

4.65 

4.45 

4.25

4.0 

3.9

3.8

4.35

4.1

June.

3.6

3.8

3.8 

3.8 

3. 7 

3.7 

3.6

o AZ

3.35 

3.3

3.3

July.

3.5

3.35 

3.3

3.25

3.2 

3.2 

3.1 

3.05 

2 95 

2^9

2 9

2.7 

2.7

2.8

2.85

2.85

Day.

17............

18............ 

19

20............

21 ............ 

22............ 

23............ 

24............ 

25............ 

26............

27............

28............ 

29............

30............

31............

Mar.

"o.'o"

7.75 

6.8

6.25

5.8

Apr.

6.15 

6.0

5.95

5.5 

5.5 

5.4 

5.1 

4.9 

4 7

4

r

4.5 

4.35

4.25

May.

3.9 

3.7

3.5

3.45 

3.45 

3.35 

4.1 

3.8 

3.8

3.7 

3.7

June.

3.1 

3.6

4.0

4.0 

4.0 

3.85 

3.75 

3.7 

3.7

3.8

3.85 

3.7

3.6

July.

9 ft

2.6

2.7

.......

NOTE. Ice conditions January 1 to March 25.
DES .MOINES KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 77 

Rating table for Des Moines Hirer at Fort Dodge, Iowa, for 1905 and 1906.

Gage ' Disheight. ' charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

2. 60 . 550

2.70 015

2. 80 085

2. 90 755

3. 00 830

3. 10 905

3. 20 985

Gage

height.

Feet.

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

3.30 1,070 4.40

3.40 1,160 4.50

3.50 1.255 4. (iO

3. 60 1.350 4.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,450

1,555

1.605

1,780

1.895

Gage Disheight. , charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

4. 80 2, 835

4. 90 2, 985

5.00 3,140

5.10 3,295

5. 20 3, 450

2,015 5.30 3.605

2, 140 5. 40 3. 760

2,270 5.50 3.915

2,405 5.60 4.070

2,545 5.70 , 4,225

2,690 5.80 4,380

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

5. 90 4, 535

6. 00 4, 690

6.20 ' 5,010

6. 40 5, 350

6. 60 5, 710

6.80 6.080

7.00 6,460

7. 20 6, 840

7.40 7.220

7.60 7,600

7.80 7,980

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 8 discharge 

measurements made during 1905 and 1900. It is well defined between gage heights 3.3 feet and 6 feet.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, for 1906.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum, i Minimum. Mean

Juno......

July (1-19).

1,780

1.260

4,380

2,080

1,120

905

550

7,220

3.880

2,220

1,390

828

a Discharge estimated. 

NOTE. Values are rated as follows' March to June, excellent: .July, good.

DES MOINES RIVER AT DES MOINES, IOWA.

This station was established May 24, 1905, and was discontinued 

July 20, 1906. It was located at the Interurban Bridge at Des 

Moines, Iowa, near the suburb of Highland Park. The conditions 

at this station and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 171, page 92, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1906.

Date. llydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

A. H. Ilorton............................... 284

.....do....................................... 278

Area of Gage 

section, height.

Sq. ft. Feet.

9 440 i § 90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

q Af)i\

5 650

9 ^00
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, for 1906.

Day. Mar.

1............. 8.6

2............. 8.4

3............. 8.3 

4............. 8.3

1............. ~.6

8............. ".4

9............. ".3

10. ............ 6. 7

11............. 6.9

12............. 7.3

13........... .. 8.0

14. ............ 8.2

Apr.

10.2

9.1

8.8

9.0

8.8

8.75

8.8

8 9

9 5

9 7

9 7

10.3

10.6

11.4

May. June. July. Day.

7.8 6.6 6.2 ! 17............

8.5 6.6 6.1 '18............

9.3 6.6 6.1 19. ...........

8.4 6. 4 . 6.0 23............

8.1 6.3 5.9 24............

".7 6.3 5.9 :i 25..... .......

".4 6.4 , 5.9 - 26............

".1 6.3 5.75 28-...-.-.---.

".0 6.2 5.8 29.... ........

6.8 6.2 5.7 '30............

6.9 6.1 5.7

Mar.

8.0

7.9

8.0 

8.0

.6

-4

.6

8

0

9.6

11.5

12.5

12.9

11.8

\pr.

11.7

11. 5

10.4 

9.3

9 0

8.6

8.3

7.6

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.4

May.

8.2

8.0 ".8

"A

".3

".1

".0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.6

June.

6.1

6.1

6.9 

6.6

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

July.

5. 7

5.8

5.8 

5.8

NOTE. River open March 1 to 12, hut frozen March 13 to 25.

Rating table for Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.20

Dis- j

charge, i

Sec.-ft. \

790 ! 5. 30 860 i 5. 40 940

5.50 1,020

5.60 1,100 , 5.70 1.190

5.80 1,280

5.90 1,370

6.00 1.470

6.10 1,570

6.20 1,680

6.30 1,790

6.40 1,900

6.50 2.010

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

Dis- '! Gage 

charge. height.

Sec.-ft. Feet.

2,130

2,250

2,370

2,490

2,620

2,760

2.900

3,040

7. 40 , 3, 190

7. 50 3, 340

7. 60 3, 490

8.00

8.10

8.20

Dis- ! Gage ! Discharge, height. charge.

Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft.

4,100 9.80 7,320

4, 260 10. 00 7, 700

4, 430 - 10. 20

8. 30 4, 600 10. 40

8.40

8.50

8.60

8.70

8.80

8. aO

9.00

4, 770 10. 60

4, 940 , 10. 80

5,110 ' 11.00

5,290 i 11.20

5, 470 11. 40

5.650 11.60

5,830 11.80

7. 70 3, 640 1 9. 20 6, 200 ' 12. 00

7.80 3,790 9.40 6,570 < 13.00

7.90 3.940 9.60 6,940 |i

8,100

8,500

8,900

9,300

9,700 '

10, 100

10, 520

10, 940

11,360

11,780

13,940

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 5 discharge 

measurements made during 1905-6. It is well defined between gage heights 5.5 feet and 9 feet.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 6,460 square miles.]

Month.

Julv (1-20) ................................ ...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13, 700 

11, 200 

6, 940 

2,490 

6.800

Minimum.

2,250 

3,040 

2,130 

1,570 

1.190

Mean.

5,000 

6, 310 

3,580 

1,840 

1.620

Run-off.

Sec.-ft per 

sq. mile.

0.774 

.977 

.554 

.285 

.251

Depth in 

inches.

0.89 

1.09 

.64 

.32 

.19

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: March, good; April to July, excellent. Flow during March 

was probably not greatly affected by ice conditions.
DBS MOINER RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 79

DBS MOINES RIVER AT KEOSAUQUA, IOWA.

This station was established May 30, 1903, and discontinued July 

21, 1906. It is located on the county bridge, one-fourth mile above 

the old dam site and Government locks. The conditions at this 

station and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 171, page 94, where are given also references to publications that 

contain data for previous years. The data collected at this point 

are valuable for water-power purposes.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer.

.. ..do ......................................

Width.

Feet. 

565

587

588

584

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,980

2,870

4,290

2,710

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.45

3.64

5.93

3.34

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

a 2, 260

7,860

14, 600

6, 960

a River frozen entirely across: gage height to bottom of ice is 2.10 feet; ice 0.3 to 1.0 foot thick. The 

discharge was about 50 per cent of the open-channel rating for gage height 2.45 feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines Rixer at Keosauqua, Iowa, for 1906.

Day. Jan.

2............................................ 1.50

3............................................ 1.80

4............................................ 3.00

6............................................ 3.60

7............................................ ........

8............................ ................ ........

9............................................ ........

10............................................ ........

11.................... .. ............................

V2.. .......................................... ........

13............................................ 2.55

14............................................ ........

16 .................... ....................... ........

17............................................ ........

18.................... . .............................

19. . .... ... .

20 ............................................ 6. 15

21 ............................................ 7. 90

22............................................ 5.90

23 .................... .............. 3. 95

24............................................ 3.20

25............................................ 3.10

26 9 90

27 ............................................ 2. 48

28............................................ 2.18

29 ............................................ 2. 08

30. ........................................... 2. 30

31............................................ 2.72

Feb.

3.18

3.20

2.95

2.45

2.20

2.02

1.85

1.80

3.15

4.55

2.00

3.45

3.40

5.30

5.60

2.48

6.00

5.62

7.30

8.75

10. 65

6.02

6.28

Mar.

6.60

5.90

5.35

4.58

4.12

3.92

4.40

4.40

4.00

3.60

3.20

3.05

2.02

2.02

2.08

1.98

1 98

2.00

2.48

2.55

c c^

8.70

9.28

9 40

9.88

9.80

Apr.

9 40

9.08

7.65

6.42

5.85

5.62

5. 75

5.85

6.52

6.55

6.05

6.22

7.10

7.82

7.18

7.75

6.62

6.3n

5.80

5.22

4.88

4.48

4.22

3.68

3.52

3.55

3.52

May.

3.50

3.32

3.32

4.60

4.70

4.62

4.42

4.10

3.75

3.50

3.12

2.95

2.68

2.52

2.80

3.50

3.35

3.02

2.75

2.60

2.45

2

OO

2.25

2.28

2.30

2.30

2.25

June.

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.00

2.42

2.70

2.60

2.05

1.88

1.72

1.68

1.60

1.55

1.48

1.42

1.40

1.40

2.65

2.40

2.18

2.00

2.02

1.92

1 90

1.88

1.82

1.72

2.18

-

July.

2.62

2.40

2.18

2.68

2.02

1.70

1.42

1.30

1.28

1.20

1.20

1.25

1.10

1.15

1.18

1.15

1.15

1.12

NOTE. Ice conditions January 4 to 20, February 11 to 18. Ice gorged February 15 to 18.
80 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906. 

Rating table for Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for 1905 and 1906.

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

L.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Discharge.

Gage

height.

Sec. -ft. ' Feet.

1,350

1,550

1,755

1.965

2,180

2, 395

2.615

2. 840

3, 070

3.305

3,545

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

4, 285

4. 540

2.60 ' 4.795 '

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3, 790 3. 50

4, 035 3. 60

.->, 055

.3,320

5, 585

5,850

6,120

6,390

6,660

6,930

7,200

7,470

Gage

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

3. 70 7, 740

3.80 i 8,010

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

Gage Disheight.

Feet.

6.00

6.20

8,280 . 6.40

8,550 ' 6.60

9, 090 6. 80

9,650 7.00

10,220 8.00

10,800

5.00 11,400

5. 20 i 12, 000

5.40

5.60'

5.80

12, 620

13.250

13, 890

9.00

10.00

11.00

i

charge.

Sec.-ft.

14, 550

15, 210

15, 870

16, 530

17,210

17, 890

21,290

24, 790

28,390,

32,090

i

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906. It is fairly well defined between gage heights 1.1 feet and 6.4 

feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits, being based on one measurement at 15.7 feet.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 14,300 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July (1-21)....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

21 , 000 

30, 800 

28, 000 

26, 200 

10, 500 

5,060 

5,720

Minimum.

2,180 

2,700 

3,260 

7,250 

3, 910 

1,960 

1,3.10

Mean.

a 4. 160 

& 8, 130 

10,700 

14. 600 

6,400 

3,260 

2.480

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.291 

.569 

.748 

1.02 

.448 

.228 

.173

Depth in 

inches.

0.34 

.59 

.86 

1.14

.52 

.25 

.14

« Discharge estimated January 4 to 20. 6 Discharge estimated February 11 to 18.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January and February, fair; March to May, excellent; June 

and July, good.

ILLINOIS RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Illinois River, the most extensive of all the tributaries of the upper 

Mississippi, enters the main stream from the east about 24 miles above 

the mouth of the Missouri. Its drainage area of 29,000 square miles 

is distributed among three States Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana; 

24,700 square miles are in Illinois, extending in a broad band 250 

miles long and averaging 100 miles in width directly across the center 

of the State in a northeast-southwest direction; 1,080 square miles are 

in Wisconsin, extending north from the Illinois area; and 3,210 square 

miles are in Indiana, projecting east from the same area.

The eastern projection is the basin of Kankakee River, while the 

northern one consists of the basins of Fox and Des Plaines rivers. The 

union of the drainages of these projections may be considered the 

origin of the Illinois. The name Illinois is applied to the river from 

the junction of the Kankakee and Des Plaines.

The region drained by the Illinois is level and undulating and includes 

some of the finest land in the United States. Many large and pros-
ILLINOIS BTVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 81

perous cities are situated within it, and it is covered with a network 

of railroads.

The drainage into the Illinois is quite evenly distributed along its 

course. The more important tributaries are Fox and Spoon rivers 

from the west, and the Kankakee, Vermilion, and Sangamon from 

the east.

ILLINOIS RIVER NEAR PEORIA, ILL.

This station was established March 10, 1903, and was discontinued 

July 21, 1906. It is located on the Peoria and Pekin Union Railroad 

bridge over the Illinois River, 1^ miles southwest of Peoria. The conditions at this statipn and the bench marks are described in WaterSupply Paper No. 171, page 97, where are given also references to 

publications that contain data for previous years. The data collected at this station are valuable for the purpose of studying the 

effect of the Chicago drainage canal on the river.

Discharge measurements of Illinois River near Peoria, III., in 1906.

Date. llydrographer.

January 15. -... M.S. Brennan. 

March 10.......'... ..do.........

April 6......... .....do.........

May22......... A. II. Horton..

Width.

Feet.

910

Area of , Gage 

section. '' height.

Sq. ft.

8,030

953 13,900

949

914

13,300

8,530

Feet.

9.35

15.60

14.94

9.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

a 9, 250

27, 100

24.200

10,300

a No ice conditions. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Illinois Hirer near Peoria. III., for 1906.

Day. in.

3.75

Pel).

14.00

i Mar.

15.17

Apr. May.

1.5. 33 12. 62

June.

9.33

July.

7.8C

14.08

14.00

13.83

13. 67

9.12 ! 13. 42

9. 42 13. 33

9. 33 13. 25

9. 38 13.17

9. 50 13. 04

15.25

15.25

15.38

15.50

15.58

15.67

15. 67

15. 67

15. 67

15.33

15.29

15.17

15. 08

14.96

14.75

14.75

14.79

14. 83

12.46

12.29

12.25

12.17

12.04

11.79

11.75

11.50

11.38

23............................................ 10. 50

27............................................ 12. 83

9.29

9.21

8.88

8.83

8.79

8.67

8.79

8.79

8.88

8.75

8.75

8.67

8.58

8.58

8.50 

8.50 . 

8.50 . 

8.50 '.

8.38 .

8.33 . 

8.21 '. 

7.96 . 

7.83 '. 

7.92 .

7.75

7.75

7.67

7.54

7.38

7.25

7.33

7.12

7.00

6.96

6.92

6.92

6.83

6.83

6.83

6.75

6.67

6.67

6.67

NOTE. Running ice during greater portion of January, February, and March.
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Rating table for Illinois River near Pcoria, III., for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

7.40

7.50

7.60

7.70

7.80

7.90

8.00

Discharge'.

Sec.-fl.

6,100

6,200

(J, 300

6, 400

6,500

6,600

6,700

6,800

6,900

7,000

7,110

7,220

7,330

7,440

7,550

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

8.10 7,660

8.20

8.30

8.40

8.50

8.60

8.70

8.80

8.90

9.00

9.10

9.20

9.30

9.40

9.50

7,780

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9.60

9.70

7,900 9.80

8,020 9-90

8, 140 10. 00

8,260

8,390

8,520

8,650

8,790

8,930

9,080

9,230

9,390

10.20

10.40

10.60

10.80

11.00

11.20

11.40

11.60

11.80

9, 550 12. 00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,710

9,870

10, 040

10,210

10, 390

10, 760

11,140

11,540

11,960

12, 390

12 830

13! 280

13, 740

14, 220

14,700

Gage 

height.

Feet.

12.20

12.40

12.60

12.80

13.00

13.20

13.40

13.60

13.80

14.00

15.00

16.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

15,210

15. 730

16, 270

16, 820

17, 400

17,990

18,590

19, 210

19, 840

20, 480

24,090

28,600

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906. It is well defined between gage heights 8.3 feet and 16 feet. 

Below gage height 8 feet the table is approximate.

Monthly discharge of Illinois River near Peoria, III., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 13,200 square miles.]

Month.

July (1-21)...,................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

19,800 

24,800 

27,000 

25,500 

16, 300 

9,280 

7.360

Minimum.

8,460 

16,000 

18, 700 

17,100 

9,220 

7, 3ft) 

6,170

Mean.

11,500 

18,700 

23,600 

22, 700 

12,000 

8,350 

6,620

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.871 

1.42 

1.79 

1.72 

.909 

. 633 

.502

Depth in 

inches.

1.00 

1. 4£ 

2.06 

1.92 

1.0£ 

.71 

.36

NOTE. Values for 1906 are excellent, except those for July, which are good, 

ary to March probably only slightly reduced by floating ice.

Discharge during JanuDESPLAINES RIVER NEAR CHANNAHON, ILL.

This station was established October 23, 1902, and discontinued 

July 24, 1906. It is located just above the mouth of Jackson Creek, 

2A miles southwest and 2 miles east of Channahon, 111. The conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in WaterSupply Paper No. 171, page 100, where are given also references to 

publications that contain data for previous years. The data collected 

at this station are valuable for the purpose of studying the effect of 

the Chicago drainage canal on the river.
ILLINOIS EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 83 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Desplaines liner near (^annahon, III., for 19<>(>.

Apr. May.

. . . . ......

83. 40

83 42

83. 30

83.30 

83.05 

83.00

83.18

89 82

82.80

82.78

82. 68

82. 88

8° 95

83.05

82. 85

82.85

82.70

82. 36 

80.60

80.98

81.72

81 9'

81.84

81.98

82.00

81.21.

82.65

82 68

82. 52

82. 55

82. 68

82. 82

82.45

83 02

82. 68

82.78

80. 98

81.45

80.25

80.48

81.20 

81.60

81.95

81.44

81. 75 

82. 05 

82.25

82.32

g9 42

82.45

82. 50

82. 75

83.00

82.98

82.98

83. 35 

83. 50

81.90

01 OK

82.90

82.92 

82. 95

82. 60

82,22

01 QO

01 QA

82.25

82.58

82.52

82. 62

82.78

82.80

83.00

S2. 98

CO 1 ft

89 g9

82. 95

82.98

83.15

83.10

89 90

83.05

83.12

83.15

83.11

CO QO

83.15

"83.' l6"

83 22

83.22

CQ 1 K

QO1 C

83.15 

83.12

cq 9c

83 20

00 f)i\

QO 99

83.28

83. 24

CO 1 0

83. 25 

83. 30

83.22

CO 99

84.20

84.25 

84. 25

84. 20

84.18

84.18 

84.28

84.05

00 QE

83.92

CO CO

QO QO

QO QQ

83.92

83 90

QO QC

83. G5

QQ 9A

83 42

QO QC

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

NOTE. No estimates have been published for 1905 or 1906. as no discharge measurements were made. 

So far as known, the 1904 rating table 1 is applicable for these two years, but as the information is very 

meager, there is a large element of uncertainty.

KANKAKEE RIVER AT DAVIS, IND.

This station was established July 13, 1905, and was discontinued 

July 21, 1906. It is located at the railroad bridge at Davis, 8 miles 

west of Hamlet, Ind. The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 101. The 

data collected are valuable in connection with the drainage of Kankakee Swamp.

Discharge measurements of Kankakee River at Daris, Ind., in 1905 and 1906.

Date.

1905.

August 22. 

Octobers.

1906.

April 28... 

June 12.... 

June 30....

Hydrographer.

M. S. Brennan. 

.....do.........

Width.

Feet. 

72 

74

75 

69 

64

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

241 

238

354 

257 

214

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.55 

4.70

5.55 

5.07 

4.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

213 

317

463 

294

272
84 gURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kankakee River at Dams, Ind.,for 1906.

Day.

1. ...............

2................

3... .............

4................

6................

8... .............

g

10................

11................

12................

13................

14. ...............

15... ------ .......

16................

Apr. May.

........ 5. 4

........ 5. 5

........ 5. 5

........ 5. 5

........ 5. 4

........ 5. 3

........ 5. 4

........ 5. 4

........ 5. 4

........ 5. 3

........ 5. 2

........ 5. 4

........ 5. 5

........ 5. 4

........ 5. 3

June.

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.0

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.0

July.

4.8

4.5

4.0

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.3

4 4

Day.

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21.............. -.

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30....

31---..--........

Apr.

5.5

5.5

May.

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.0

June.

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.9

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4 7

4 7

4.6

4.6

July.

4.6

4 c

4.4

4.2

4 1

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kankakee River at Dams, Ind. 

JULY TO DECEMBER, 1905.«

Day. July. Aug.

1........... ...... 280

2. ................ 280

3........... ...... 280

4. ................ 260

5. ................ 225

6. ................ 420

8........... ...... 280

10........... ...... 225

11........... ...... 225

12........... ...... 225

13........... ...... 260

15........... 1,030 . 225

1

Sept. Oct. Nov.

260 295 340 

690 295 360 

960 295 360 

1, 110 295 340 

1, 140 295 360 

1, 110 295 360 

960 295 510 

750 295 510 

605 . 295 485 

575 315 460 

520 315 , 435 

495 315 . 410 

470 295 j 410 

445 275 385 

395 275 385 

420 275 385

Dec.

595 

570 

515

i

Day. July. Aug.

17.......... 725 240

18.......... 500 225

20.......... 350 260

22......... 280 280

24.......... 240 225

26 .......... 240 305

27.......... 240 305

29...... 470 280

' 31 350 240

Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

520 295 385 ......

520 340 385 .. ...

390 385 385 ......

340 360 360 .. ...

300 340 385 ...... 

315 340 410 ...... 

315 340 435 . .. . 

295 315 625 ...... 

..... 295 ..

APRIL TO JULY, 1906.

Day. Apr.

2................ .......

3................ .......

4................ .......

6................ ...... .

8................ .......

9................ .......

10................ .......

11................ .......

12................ .......

13................ .......

14................ .......

16................ .......

May. June.

425 270 

450 250 

450 ........

450 ........

425 ........

385 ........

410 250 

410 280 

435 470 

410 470 

385 420 

360 390 

410 i 370 

435 345 

410 300 

385 300

July. Day. Apr.

315 

270 

250 

270 

270 

250 

235 

235 

235 

235 

215 

200 

200 

215 

215 

235

18.....----...... ........

19. ............. .'........'

20............... ........

21.... .........

22... ............... ...

23............... ........

24............... ........

25............... ........

26............... ........

27 ............... ........

28........ ....... 450

29............... 450

30....... ........ 450

31...... .................

May. June. ' July.

330 280 270 

305 260 250 

305 240 235 

285 295 200

285 315 180

....... 275 ........

295 '

....... 275 ........

330 275 :........

335 290 ........

315 270 ........

295 270 .........

a- Gage heights for 1905 were published in Water-Supply Paper No. 171.

NOTE. On account of the shifting character of the river the discharge has been obtained indirectly 

from the discharge measurements. (See introduction to Water-Supply Paper No. 211.)
ILLINOIS RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 85

Monthly discharge of Kankakee River at Da-vis, Ind.,for 1905-6.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1905. 

July (14-31) ......................................................... 1 , 030

August. ............................................................. 420

October. . ............ ............................................... 385

November. ..............._......................................... 625

1906. 

May. ................................................................ 450

June ................................................................. 470

Julv (1-21) ........................................................... 315

Minimum.

240 

225 

260 

275 

340

260 

240 

180

Mean.

458 

262 

542 

321 

405

355 

301 

237

NOTE. Values for 1905 and 1906 are approximate, owing to changing conditions of flow at the gaging 

section.

KANKAKEE RIVER AT MOMENCE, ILL.

This station was established February 22, 1905, and was discontinued July 20, 1906. It is located on the highway bridge in Momence, 

111., about one-half mile below the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railway bridge. The conditions at this station and the bench marks 

are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 102. The data 

collected at this station are valuable in connection with the drainage 

of Kankakee Swamp.

Discharge measurements of Kankakee River at Momence, III., in 1906.

Date.

April 24........

IFydrographer.

do

.....do.............. ........................

Width.

Feet. 

501

473

466

440

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,190

851

822

592

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.27

2.75

2.68

2.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,920

2,350

2,230

1,200

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kankakee River at Momence, III., for 1906.

Day. Feb.

2.....'...... ...... 

q

4........... ...... 

ft. ........ ......

8.. ......... ......

9

10.......-.-.,-..... 

11........... ......

12........... ......

13........... ......

14........... ......

15........... ......

16...........!-.....

Mar.

2.70

2.70 

3.30

3.42 

3.35 

3.25

3.20

3.35

3.30

3.30 

3.20

3.12

3.05

3.02

3.02

3.02

Apr.

2.95

2.90

2.90 

2.90 

3.00

3.02

3.42

3.50 

3.38

3.22

3.10

3.08

3.02

3.00

May.

2.52

2.50

2.42 

2.38 

2.35

2.30

2.25

2.25

2.20 

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.18

2.12

2.10

June.

2.00

2.00

2.00 

2.00 

1.95

1.98

2.08

2.20 

2.20

2.18

2.10

2.05

9 05

July.

1.80

1.80 

1 80

1.80 

1.80 

1.78

1.73

1.70

1.70 

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.68

Day.

17...........

18...........

20........... 

21........ .. 

22...........

23...........

25...........

26........... 

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Feb.

"2." 68" 

2.70

2.75

3.02 

2.88

2.78

Mar.

3.05

3.02 

2.95

2.92 

2.85 

2.82

2.78

2.75

2.78

2.92 

3.20

3.25

3.12

3.00

Apr.

2.95

2 90

2.82 

2.80 

2.80

2.75

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.60

2.58

May.

2.10

2.10

2.05 

2.02 

2.00

2.00

1.95

2.00

2 00

2.00

June.

2.00

2.00

2.10 

2.08 

2.08

2.05

1.95

1.90 

1.90

1.90

1.88

July.

1.65

1.65

1.65
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Rating table for Kankakee River at Momence, III.,'for 190,5-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.60

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

310

1.70 410

1.80

1.90

2.00

520

650 .

810

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft. 

2.10 980

2.20 1,170

2.30 1,380

2.40

2.50

1,590

1,810

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,030

2. 70 2, 260

2.80

2.90

2,490

2,730

3.00 2,970

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. ' Sec.-ft. 

3.10 3,210

3.20 ' 3,460

3.30

3.40

3.50

3,710

3,970

4,230

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 9 discharge 

measurements made during 1905 and 1906. It is well defined between gage heights 2.1 feet and 4 feet. 

Below gage height 2.1 feet the table is uncertain, as the two lowest measurements are inconsistent.

Monthly discharge of Kankakee River at Momence, III., for 1906.

Month.

February (21-28) ....................................................

May.................................................................

July (1-20)...........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,020 

4,020 

4,230 

1,850 

1,170 

520

Minimum.

2,210 

2,260 

1,990 

730 

585 

360

Mean.

2,600 

3,110 

2,810 

1,110 

861 

425

NOTE. Values for 1906 are excellent, except those for July, which are good. 

YELLOW RIVER AT KNOX, IND.

This station was established August 21, 1905, and discontinued 

July 23, 1906. It is located on the North Heaton Street Highway 

Bridge, 1.00 rods north of the New York, Chicago, and St. Louis 

Railroad. The conditions at this station and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 104. The data are 

valuable in connection with the drainage of Kankakee Swamp.

Discharge measurements of Yellow River at Knox, Ind., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

August 21.....

1906. 

March 11......

Ilydrographer.

M. S. Brenn 

... .do.......................................

E. F. Kriegsman. ...........................

do

rio

Width.

Feet. 

91 

94

120 1 84 

117 

117 

 116 

92

Daily gage height, in feet, of Yellow River at Kno'x,

Day. Mar.

0

g

7

9.............

in

13

14.............

1 'l

3.4 

3.7 

4.0 

5.9 

6.4 

6.95 

6.65 

5.7 

5.2 

5.15 

4. 65 

4.4 

4.0 

3.8 

3 5

16............. 3.4

Apr.

5.1 

5.0 

4.0 

3.8 

3.5 

3.8 

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

4.5 

4.9 

4.7 

4.5 

4.7

5.4

May. June.

2.7 

2.8 

2.85 

2.9 

2.8 

2.85 

2.7 

2.6 

2.55 

2.5 

2.5 

2.45 

2.45 

2. 4

2.6 

2.6 

2.5 

2.4 

2.2 

2.3 

2.5 

2.6 

3.5 

4.3 

4.5 

3.7 

3.1 

2.8 

2 7

2. 4 2. 7

July.

2.5

2.4 

2.35 

2.35 

2.2 

2.1 

2.0 

1.9 

1.9 

2.0 

2. 1 

2.15 

2.1 

2.0

2.0

Day.

18......... 

19.........

20. ........

21.........

22

23.........

24.........

25.........

27.........

28.........

29 ......

30.........

31.........

Mar.

. . 3.3

... 3.2 

... 3.2

... 3.15

... 3.1

... 3. 0

... 3.0

... 2. 9 

... 3.0 

... 3. 3

... 4. 3

... 6. 4

...' 6.1

... 6. 0

. . . 5. 4

Area of 

section.

8q. ft. 

98 

96

294

158 

269 

241 

198 

120

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.05 2. or

4.6. 

3. Of 4.0' 

3.6J 

3. 4( 

2.5.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

142 

151

664 

' 294 

491 

438 

381 

249

Ind.,for 1906.

Apr. ,'

5.7 

5.0 

4.7 

3.9 

3.7 

 3.5 

3.3 

3.15 

3.0 

3.0

3.1

3.05 .

l May. i June. July.

2.4 '< 

2.35 5 

2.3 '< 2.3 

2.3 2 

2.25 5 

2.2 I 

2.2 2 

2.2 i 

2.4 2.5 :

2. 6 , 2

2. 9 2. 7 2

2. 8 2. 75 5

2.-7 ..

.6 2.0 

.5 2.0 

.35 2. 1 

.4 2.0 

.5 1.9 

.5 2.0 

.5 2. 0 

.4 ... ... 

.3 ....... 

.25 .......

.2 .......

.7 .......

.6 .......

.5 .......
ILLINOIS EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN.

Rating table for Yellow River at Kno.r, Intl., for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1. ;0

1.50

l.£0

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

Discharge.

Gage 

height.

Sec. -ft. \ Feet.

56 2.20

63 2. 30

70 2. 40

78 2. 50

86 2. 60

94 2. 70

Dis- Gage Discharge, height. charge.

Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft.

171 3. 40 368

185 3. 50 387

199 3. 60 407

214 3.70 , 428

230 3.80 i 449

246 ' 3.90 471

103 2.80 262 4.00 493

113

123

133

145

158

2.90 278 4.20 539

3.00 294 4.40 586

3.10 312 4.00 634

3.20

3.30

330 4. 80 685

349 5. 00 738

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.20

5.40

5. 60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

792

848

906

966

1,028

1,091

1, 155

1,187

1,219

1,284

1,350

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 8 discharge 

measurements made during 1905-G. It is well defined between gage heights 2 feet and 5 feet. Beyond 

these limits the table is approximate.

Monthly discharge of Yellow River at Knox, Ind., for 1905-6.

Month.

Discharge in second-feet. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

August C21-31K. 

September......

October.........

November......

December (l-l(i).

March.....

April......

May.......

June.......

July (1-23).

1900.

133

294

230

294

387

1,330

936

610

214

56

133

86

145

214

278

262

171

171

133

77.7

215

144

199

320

028

524

218

254

157

a For 1905 gage heights see Water-Supply Paper No. 171.

NOTE. -Values arc rated as follows: August, 1905, fair; October, 1905, good; remainder of the above 

period, excellent.

FOX RIVER AT SHERIDAX, ILL.

This station was established in September, 1905, and was discontinued July 20, 1906. It is located at the Glen Park highway bridge 

at Sheridan, 111. The conditions at this station and the bench marks 

are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 171, page 1.05. The data 

collected are valuable for water-power purposes.

Discharge measurements of Fox River at Sheridan, III., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905.

1906.

Hydrographer.

A. H. Horton. ....................

.....do.............................

.....do.............................

.. ..do.............................

M. S. Brenntin. .................

Width.

Feet. 

.......... 199

.......... 199

.......... i 196

..........: 201

.......... 1 204

.......... 1 199

......... 199

.......... 1 198

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

1,020

1,000

1,340

1,340

1,320

910

910

814

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.05

4.12

5.70

5.70

5.00

3.58

3.58

3.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,100

3,330

3,320

3, ISO

590

595

3S7
SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

Daily gage height, infect, of Fox River at Sheridan, III., for 1906.

Pay. Feb.

2.

3...........

4. ..........

5...........

6. ..........

7...........

8...........

9... ........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15. ..........

16...... ...

Mar.

r> a

...... 6.65

...... 8.2

...... 7.35

6.7

...... 6.7

...... 6.5

...... 6.45

...... 6.35

...... 0.25

6.1

5.8

5.35

5.1

5.1

4 9

Apr.

f> t;

5.4

5.3

5.25

5.1

5.3

5.2

5.15

5.9

6.35

6.0

5. 75

5.65

5.5

5.5

5 4S

May.

4.25

4.6

4.65

4.35

4.25

4.15

4.0

i

June. July. Day. leb.

3.75

3.6

3.45

3.3 18...........

3.4 '! 19...... ...........

3.3 3.4 i 20........... ... ..

3.5

3.55

3.45

4. 1 3. 35

4.15

4.1

3.3

3.1 21...........

3.15 22...........

3. 2 23. ........ .

3. 05 24. ..........

3.0 25 ..........

3. 4 3. 25 26. ..........

6.8

6.15

6.7

9.05

7.6

4.05 3.15 3.05 27. ......... . 6.5

4.0 i 3. 2 3.0 i 28. .......... 6.5

3.95 3.35 3. 15 i 29. ................

3. 75 3. 4 3. 05 30. ................

3.95 3.35 3.0 31. ............. ..

3. 85 3. 4 2. 95

Mar.

5.2

5.1

4.95

4.85

4.5

4.45

4.25

4.70

Apr.

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.85

4.75

4.75

4.6

4. 85 4. 55

7.40

0.9

5.9

5.0

5. t>5

4.45

4.4

4.3

4.2

May. June.

Q QK *? <?K

3. 85 3. 0

3.8 '3.2

3.75 3.25

3.65 3.15

3.8 3.1

4.0 3.05

4.15 3.0

4.0 3.0

3. 9 3. 0

3. 8 3. 25

4.0

3.95

3.70

3.1

3.65

,

July.

2.95

3.0

3.05

3.05

Rating table for For River at Sheridan, III., for 1905-6.

Gage

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

220

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

4. 10 1 , 100

260 4.20 1,210

310 4. 30 1 , 330

360 4.40 1,450

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

5.30 2,710

5. 40 2, 860

5.50 3,020

5. 00 3, 180

420 ' 4.50 1,570 5.70 3,340

480 4.60 1,700 5.80 ' 3,500

550 4. 70

fi30 4.80

710 4. 90

800 5.00

900 5. 10

1,000 5.20

1,830 5.90 3,660

1,970 6.00 3.830

2,110 6.20 4,170

2,260

2,410

2,560

6. 40 4, 520

O.fiO 4,880

0. 80 5, 250

Gage

height.

Feet.

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,630

7.20 6,010

7.40 i 0,400

7.00

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.00

8.80

9.00

0,800

7,200

7,600

8,020

8,440

8, 8P.O

9,280

9,700

NOTE. The abovp table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 8 discharge 

measurements made during 1905^-(\ It is well deflned between gage heights 3.2 feet and 5.7 feet.

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Sheridan, III., for 1905-6.

Month.

1905.o 

September (20-30) ............................. .....................

1906.

May...................... ... ........ .. ...... ...................

July (1-20) ......................... ................. ..............

Discba 

Maximum.

1,050 

1, 510 

1,210

9,780 

8,020 

4,430 

1.700 

755 

0/0

rge in seconc 

Minimum.

710 

420 

515

4,080 

1,270 

1,210 

070 

260 

240

1-feet. 

Mean.

831 

803 

912

5,770 

3,570 

2,540 

1,020 

422 

330

i For 1905 gage heights, see Water-Supply Paper No. 171.

NOTE. -Values are rated as follows: 1905 and March to May, 1906, excellent; February, June, and 

July, 1906, good.
INDEX.

A. l j age.

Acknowledgments and cooperation ........ 16

Acre-foot, definition of ..................... 4

Anoka, Minn.

Mississippi River at:

description ......................... 43

discharge ........................... 43

gage heights A...................... 44

Rum River near:

description ......................... 47

discharge ........................... 47

discharge, monthly ................. 48

gage heights ........................ 47-48

rating table ......................... 48

B. 

Babb, Mont.

Kennedy Creek near: 

description ......._.

discharge ...........

St. Mary River near: 

description .........

discharge ...........

discharge, monthly .

........... 17

........... 17

........... 18

gage heights ........................ 17-18

rating table ......................... 18

Swifteurrent Creek near:

description ......................... 20

discharge ........................... 20

discharge, monthly ................. 22

gage heights ........................ 21

rating table ......................... 21

Black River at 

Neillsville, Wis.:

description ......................... 57

discharge ........................... 57

discharge, monthly. ................ 59

gage heights ..... .................. 58

rating table ......................... 58

Black River basin:

description. ............................ 56-57

survey .................................. 57

C.

Cable station, figure showing. 

Cardston, Alberta.

St. Mary River near:

description...........

discharge .............

discharge, monthly...

gage heights..........

rating table.... .......

Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Page. 

Cedar River at:

description......................... 72

discharge........................... 73

discharge, monthly................. 74

gage heights........................ 73

rating table.......................... 73

Cedar River at 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa:

description......................... 72

discharge........................... 73

discharge, monthly................. 74

gage heights........................ 73

rating table......................... 73

Channahon, 111.

Desplaines River near:

description.. ...................... 82

gage heights........................ 83

Chippewa Falls, Wis. 

Chippewa River near:

description......................... 51

discharge........................... 51

gage heights........................ 52

Chippewa River at and near 

Chippewa Falls, Wis.:

description......................... 51

discharge........................... 51

gage heights........................ 52

Eau Claire, Wis.:

description......................... 52

discharge........................... 52

discharge, monthly................. 54

gage heights........................ 53

rating table......................... 54

Chippewa River basin:

description............................. 50-51

Computation, methods of.................. 13-16

Cooperation, acknowledgment o.f.......... 16

Crookston, Minn.

Red Lake River at:

description......................... 30

discharge........................... 30

discharge, monthly................. 32

gage heights........................ 31

rating table......................... 31

Current meters, classes of.................. 10

methods of using....................... 10-11

plate showing.......................... 10

Crow River near 

Dayton, Minn.:

description......................... 45

discharge........................... 45

discharge, monthly................. 46

89
90 INDEX.

Crow River near Continued. Page. 

Dayton, Minn. Continued.

gage heights........................ 46

rating table......................... 4(>

Crow River basin:

description............................. 45

Curves (discharge, area, and velocity),

figure showing.................. 14

 D.

Davis, Ind.

Kankakee River at:

description......................... 83

discharge........................... 83

discharge, monthly................. 85

gage heights........................ 84

rating tables........................ 84

Dayton, Minn.

Crow River near:

description......................... 45

discharge........................... 45

discharge, monthly................. 46

gage heights........................ 46

rating table......................... 46

Des Lacs River at 

Foxholm, N. Dak.:

description......................... 38

discharge........................... 38

discharge, monthly................. 39

gage heights........................ 38

rating table........................ 39

Des Moines River at 

Des Moines, Iowa:

description......................... 77

discharge........................... 77

discharge, monthly................. 78

gage heights........................ 78

rating table........................ 78

Fort Dodge, Iowa:

description......................... 76

discharge........................... 76

discharge, monthly................. 77

gage heights........................ 76

rating table......................... 77

Keosauqua, Iowa:

description......................... 79

discharge........................... 79

discharge, monthly................. 80

gage heights........................ 79

rating table......................... 80

Des Moines River basin:

description............................. 76

Desplaines River near 

Channahon, 111.:

description.'........................ 82

gage heights........................ 83

Discharge, computation of................. 13-16

Drainage basins, list of..................... 2-3

East Grand Forks, Minn. 

Red Lake River at: 

discharge.........

Ban Claire, "Wis.

Chippewa River near: 

description.......

discharge.........

34

52

Eau Claire, \Vis.-Continued.

Chippewa River near Continued.

discharge, monthly................. 54

gage heights........................ 53

rating table......................... 54

Eau Claire River:

survey.................................. 60

Equivalents, table of....................... 6-7

F. 

Fargo, N. Dak.

Red River at:

description......................... 23

discharge........................... 23

discharge, monthly................. 24

gage heights........................ 23-24

rating table......................... 24

Fergus Falls, Minn.

Ottertail River near'

description......................... 26

discharge........................... 27

discharge, monthly. t............... 28

gage heights........................ 27

rating table......................... 28

Flambeau River near 

Ladysmith, \Vis.:

description......................... 54-55

discharge........................... 55

discharge, monthly................. 56

gage heights........................ 55

rating table......................... 56

Flambeau River:

survey.................................. 56

Floats, use of, in measuring discharge...... "9-10

Fort Dodge, Iowa.

Des Moines River at:

description......................... 76

discharge........................... 76

discharge, monthly................. 77

gage heights........................ 76

rating table......................... 77

Fox River at 

Sheridan, 111.:

description......................... 87

discharge........................... 87

discharge, monthly................. 88

gage heights........................ 88

rating table......................... 88

Foxholm, N. Dak.

Des Lacs River at:

description......................... 38

discharge........................... 38

discharge, monthly................. 39

gage heights........................ 38

rating table......................... 39

Mouse River near:

description......................... 35

discharge........................... 35

gage heights........................ 35

G.

Gaging stations, equipment of .............. 9-10

location of, map showing............... 2

Grand Forks, N. Dak. 

Red River at:

description......................... 25

discharge........................... 25

discharge, monthly................. 26
Grand Forks, N. Dak. Continuad. 

Red River at Continued.

II. 

Haggart, X. Dak. 

Sheyenne River near:

Hudson Bay drainage:

Hydrographic surveys, organization and

I.

Ice-covered streams, method of measuring 

flow of ..........................

Illinois River near 

Peoria, 111.:

Illinois River basin:

Iowa City, Iowa. 

Iowa River at :

Iowa River at 

Iowa City, Iowa:

Iowa River basin:

J.

Janesville, Iowa. 

Red Cedar River at :

discharge ...........................

rating table. . .......................

K.

Kankakee River at 

Davis, Ind.:

discharge

Momence, 111.:

oeoo TT,T. OAT Cf7 n

INI

Page.

25 

26

28 

28 

30 

29 

29

16 

2

13

81 

81 

82 

81 

82

80-81

71

71 

72 

71-72

72

71 

71

71-72 

72

71

74 

74

74-75 

75

83 

83

85 

84 

84

85

)EX.

Kankakee River at Continued. 

Momence, 111. Continued.

Kennedy Creek at and near 

Babb, Mont.:

Keosauqua, Iowa. 

Des Moines River at :

p'fls'e hei splits

Knox, Ind. 

Yellow River at :

L. 

Ladysmith, Wis. 

Flambeau River near:

discharge ....................

rating table. .................

M. 

Mankato, Minn. 

Minnesota River near:

Merrill, Wis. 

Wisconsin River at :

Minnesota River near 

Mankato, Minn.:

Minnesota River basin:

Minot, N. Dak. 

Mouse River at:

91

Page.

....... 85

....... 86

....... 85

....... 86

....... 22

....... 22

79

79

....... 80

....... 79

....... SO

....... 86

....... 85

....... 86

....... 86

....... 54-55

....... 55

...... 56

....... 56

...... 49

49

....... 50

....... 49-50

...... 50

...... 62

...... 63

...... 62

...... 63

...... 4

...... 49

...... 50

...... 50

...... 49

...... 35-36

...... 36

...... 37

...... 36

...... 37
92 INDEX.

Mississippi River at and near Page. 

Anoka, Minn.:

description......................... 43

discharge........................... 43

gage heights........................ 44

St. Paul, Minn.:

discharge........................... 44

Sauk Rapids, Minn.:

description......................... 41

discharge........................... 41

discharge, monthly................. 42-43

gage heights........................ 42

rating table......................... 42

Mississippi River basin:

general features........................ 39-41

miscellaneous measurements........... 44

Momence, 111.

Kankakee River at:

description......................... 85

discharge........................... 85 |

discharge, monthly................. 86 1

gage heights........................ 85 |

rating table......................... 86

Mouse River at. and near 

Foxholm, N. Dak.:

description...........:............. 35

discharge........................... 35

gage heights........................ 35

Minot, N. Dak.:

description......................... 35-36

discharge........................... 36

discharge, monthly................. 37

gage heights........................ 36

rating tables........................ 37

Mouse River basin:

description............................. 34-35

Multiple-point method of measuring discharge, description of........... 11-12

N.

Necedah, Wis.

Wisconsin River near:

description......................... 63

discharge, monthly................. 65

gage heights........................ 64

rating table......................... G4

Neche, N. Dak.

Pembina River near:

description......................... 32

discharge........................... 32

discharge, monthly................. 34 ,

gage heights........................ 32-33

rating table......................... 33

Neillsville, Wis. 

Black River at:

description......................... 57

discharge........................... 57

discharge, monthly................. 50

gage heights........................ 58

rating table......................... 58

Nelson, 111.

Rock River near:

description......................... 69

discharge........................... 69

gage heights........................ 70

O. Page.

Ottertail River near 

Fergus Falls, Minn.:

description......................... 26

discharge........................... 27

discharge, monthly................. 28

gage heights........................ 27

rating table......................... 28

P.

Pembina River near 

Neche, N. Dak.:

description......................... 32

discharge........................... 32

discharge, monthly................. 34

gage heights........................ 32-33

rating tables........................ 33

Peoria, 111.

Illinois River near:

description......................... 81

discharge........................... 81

discharge, monthly................. 82

gage heights........................ 81

rating table......................... 82

Price current meter, view of................ 10

Rating tables, construction of.............. 13-15

Red Cedar River at 

Janesville, Iowa:

description......................... 74

discharge........................... 74

discharge, monthly................. 75

gage heights........................ 74-75

rating table......................... 75

Red Lake River at 

Crookston, Minn.:

description......................... 30

discharge........................... 30

discharge, monthly................. 32

gage heights........................ 31

rating table......................... 31

East Grand Forks, Minn.:

discharge........................... 34

Red River at 

Fargo, N. Dak.:

description......................... 23

discharge........................... 23

discharge, monthly................. 24

gage heights........................ 23-24

rating table......................... 24

Grand Forks, N. Dak.:

description......................... 25

discharge........................... 25

discharge, monthly................. 26

gage heights........................ 25

rating table......................... 26

Red River basin:

description............................. 22-23

Rhinelander, Wis.

Wisconsin River near:

description......................... 60-61

discharge........................... 61

gage heights........................ 61
INDEX. 93

Rock River at and near 

Nelson, 111. :

description. ........

discharge ...........

gage heights . .......

Rockton. 111.:

description .........

discharge ...........

discharge, monthly.

gage heights ........

rating table. ........

Sterling, 111.:

description ._.......

discharge ...........

gage heights ........

Rock River basin:

description of ..........

Rockton, 111.

Rock River at:

description .........

discharge ...........

discharge, monthly.

gage heights .

.......... 67

.......... 68

.......... 69

........... 68

rating table. ........................ 68

Rum River near 

Anoka, Minn.:

description ......................... 47

discharge ........................... 47

discharge, monthly ................. 48

gage heights ........................ 47-48

rating table. ........................ 48

Rum River basin:

description of ...............'............ 46-47

Run-off, computation of .................... 13-16

in inches, definition of .................. 4

S.

St. Mary River at and near 

Babb, Mont.:

description .......................... 17

discharge ........................... 17

discharge, monthly ................. 18

gage heights ........................ 17-18

rating table. ........................ 18

Cardston, Alberta:

description ......................... 19

discharge ........................... 19

discharge, monthly. ................ 20

gage heights ........................ 19

rating table, ........................ 20

St. Mary River basin:

description ............................. 16-17

St. Paul, Minn.

Mississippi River at:

discharge ........................... 44

Sauk Rapids, Minn.

Mississippi River near:

description ......................... 41

discharge ........................... 41

discharge, monthly ................. 42-43

gage heights ........................ 42

rating table. ........................ 42

Second-feet per square mile, definition of . . . 4

Second-foot, definition of ................... 4

Sheridan, 111. 

Fox River at:

description ......................... 87

discharge ........................... 87

Sheridan, ill. Continued. Page. 

Fox River at Continued.

discharge, monthly..............

gage heights.....................

rating table......................

Sheyenne River near 

Haggart, X. Dak.:

description......................

discharge.................... ....

discharge, monthly..............

gage heights.....................

rating table......................

Single-point method of measuring discharge,

description of................... 12

Slope method of measuring discharge, use

and value of.................... 7-8

Sterling, 111.

Rock River at:

description ......................... 70

discharge........................... 70

gage heights........................ 70

Stone City, Iowa.

Wapsipinicon River at:

description......................... 65

discharge........................... 65

discharge, monthly................. 67

gage heights........................ 66

rating table......................... 66

Stream flow, measurement and computation of.......................... 7-13

papers on, list of....................... 3

Surface water supply, papers on, list of.... 2-3

Swiftcurrent Creek near 

Babb, Mont.:

description......................... 20

discharge........................... 20

discharge, monthly................. 22

gage heights........................ 21

rating table......................... 21

T. 

Tables, explanation and use of............. 4-6

U. 

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin:

general features........................ 39-41

miscellaneous measurements........... 44

V.

Velocity method of measuring discharge,

description of................... 9-13

Vertical-integration method of measuring

discharge, description of........ 12

Vertical velocity-curve method of measuring discharge, description of.... 11

W.

Wapsipinicon River at 

Stone City, Iowa:

description......................... 65

discharge........................... 65

discharge, monthly................. 67

gage heights........................ 66

rating table......................... 66

Wapsipinicon lliver basin:

description of........................... 65

Water supply, surface, papers on .......... 2-3

Weir, method of measuring discharge, requirements of.............. .... 8-9
INDEX.

Wisconsin River at and near Page.

Merrill, Wis.:

description......................... 62

discharge........................... 62

discharge, monthly................. 63

gage heights........................ 62

rating table......................... 63

Necedah, Wis.:

description......................... 63

discharge, monthly................. 65

gage heights........................ 64

rating table......................... 64

Rhinelander, Wis.:

description......................... 60-61

discharge........................... 61

Wisconsin River at and near Continued. Page. 

Rhinelander, Wis. Continued.

gage heights........................ 61

Wisconsin River basin:

description.............................. 59-60

survey.................................. 60

Y.

Yellow River at 

Knox, Ind.:

description......................

discharge........................

discharge, monthly..............

gage heights.....................

rating table.....................
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL

SURVEY.

[Water-Supply Paper No. 207.]

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual 

Reports; (2) Monographs; (3) Professional Papers; (4) Bulletins; (5) Mineral 

Resources; (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers; (7) Topographic Atlas of 

United States, folios and separate sheets thereof; (8) Geologic Atlas of United 

States, folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists can be had 

on application.

Most of the above publications can be obtained or consulted in the following 

ways:

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they 

can be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application.

2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress, for 

distribution.

3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 

D. C., from whom they can be had at practically cost.

4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public 

libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they can be 

consulted by those interested.

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 

subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 

into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 

physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water 

storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investigations; N, Water power; O, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports; 

Q, Fuels; R, Structural materials.

Series P. The hydrographie progress reports contain the results of stream measurements. A 

report is issued for every calendar year, containing the results of data collected during that year. 

These reports were first published as a part of the Director's annual report or as a bulletin; they are 

now published as water-supply and irrigation papers. The following is a list, by years, of the publications containing the progress reports of stream measurements (* means out of stock). A detailed 

index of these reports (1888-1903) is published as Water-Supply Paper No. 119.

1888. Tenth Annual Report, Part II*.

1889. Eleventh Annual Report, Part II*.

1890. Twelfth Annual Report, Part II *.

1891. Thirteenth Annual Report, Part III*.

1892. Fourteenth Annual Report, Part II*.

1893. Bulletin No. 131 *.

1894. Bulletin No. 131 * ; Sixteenth Annual Report, Part II*.

1895. Bulletin No. 140 *.

1896. Water-Supply Paper No. 11 * ; Eighteenth Annual Report, Part IV *.

1897. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 15* and 16* ; Nineteenth Annual Report, Part IV*.

1898. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 27* and 28* : Twentieth Annual Report, Part IV*.

1899. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 35*, 36*, 37*, 38*, and 39*; Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV*.

1900. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52; Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

1901. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 65* and 75*. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 66 and 75*.
[ SERIES LIST.

1902. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 82 and 88. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 84 and 85.

1903. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 97 and 98. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 99 and 100.

1904. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, and 129. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and 135.

1905. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 165*, 166*, 167, 168*, 169, 170, and 171.

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 171, 172*, 173*, 174, 175*, 176,177, and 178.

1906. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, and 207.

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos.207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, and 214.

Correspondence should be addressed to

THE DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

OCTOBER, 1907.

o