UNITED STATES


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION


Washington, D.C. 20549








FORM 10-K




ANNUAL REPORT


PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)


OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934




x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934




For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010




OR




 ̈
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934




For the transition period from______________ to _______________




Commission File Number 0-25996







TRANSWITCH CORPORATION


(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)




Delaware

06-1236189(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)




Three Enterprise Drive


Shelton, Connecticut 06484


(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)




Telephone (203) 929-8810







Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


None





Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:




Title of Each Class

Name of Each Exchange on Which RegisteredCommon Stock, par value $.001 per share

Nasdaq Capital Market









Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.


Yes  ̈   No x




Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.


Yes  ̈   No x




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x  No   ̈




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ̈ No   ̈




Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     ̈




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (check one):




Large Accelerated Filer  ̈
Accelerated Filer  ̈Non-Accelerated Filer  ̈
Smaller reporting company x




Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).


Yes  ̈   No x




The aggregate market value of the outstanding common stock, other than shares held by persons who may be deemed affiliates of the Registrant, on June 30, 2010 was approximately $42.3 million. At March 11, 2011, as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market, there were 23,792,650 shares of common stock, par value $.001 per share, of the Registrant outstanding.




DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE




Parts of the following document are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K Report:




(1) Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders—Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.










Item 1.    Business




The following description of our business should be read in conjunction with the information included elsewhere in this document. The description contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this document, the words “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “expect” and similar expressions as they relate to us are included to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of risk factors set forth elsewhere in this document. See also, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”





COMPANY OVERVIEW




TranSwitch designs, develops and supplies innovative semiconductor and intellectual property (IP) solutions that provide core functionality for voice, data and video communications equipment for network, enterprise and customer premises applications.   We provide integrated multi-core network processor System-on-a-Chip (SoC) solutions and software solutions for Fixed, 3G and 4G Mobile, VoIP and Multimedia Infrastructures.  For the customer-premises market, we offer a family of communications processors that provide best-in-class performance for a range of applications and  also provide interoperable connectivity solutions that enable the distribution and presentation of high-definition (HD) content for consumer electronic, and personal computer markets.  Our
intellectual property (IP) products are compliant with global industry standards such as HDMI and DisplayPort and also feature our proprietary HDPTM and AnyCableTM technologies. Overall, we have over 100 active customers, including the leading global telecom equipment providers, semiconductor and consumer product companies.




TranSwitch Corporation is a Delaware corporation incorporated on April 26, 1988. Our principal executive offices are located at 3 Enterprise Drive, Shelton CT 06484, and our telephone number at that location is (203) 929-8810. Our Internet address is www.transwitch.com. We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TXCC.”





INDUSTRY OVERVIEW




Investment in telecommunications infrastructure is being driven primarily by the need for higher bandwidths, more ubiquitous connectivity and more flexibility of services.  In the US, Canada and Western Europe there has been an extensive telecommunications infrastructure in place for several decades; however, this infrastructure was designed primarily for voice services, and is in dire need of replacement in order to provide the high data bandwidth and flexibility required by current and future services.  In other parts of the world, such as China and India, the need for infrastructure expansion is being driven by the rapidly expanding global economy. These infrastructure requirements are driven by substantial increases in the number of users and new bandwidth-intensive computing and
communications applications, such as web-based commerce, streaming audio and video, Internet Protocol television, or IPTV, and online gaming. In addition, information is increasingly available via wired and wireless 3G and 4G Mobile networks through a variety of access devices, including smart phones, wireless tablets, multimedia players, personal computers, video cameras and other handheld communication and entertainment appliances. These applications and devices are continuing to require higher and more cost-efficient data transfer rates throughout the network communications infrastructures that serve them.




Wireless networks are also being driven by new, data oriented services requiring high bandwidth.  Third generation (3G) wireless infrastructures, such as UMTS and CDMA2000, and fourth generation (4G) wireless infrastructures based on LTE and /or WiMAX will be heavily based on internet protocol and Ethernet technologies.  The convergence of the wire-line and wireless network infrastructures is underway. This convergence is driven by the desire of service providers to provide high definition multimedia content to further enhance their competitive position and profitability.




This evolution has inspired equipment manufacturers and service providers to develop and expand existing broadband communications markets and has created the need for new generations of integrated circuits in the network as well as in the interfaces to consumer products.


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TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENT





Over the past two decades, communications technology has evolved from simple analog voice signals transmitted over networks of copper telephone lines to complex analog and digital voice and data signals transmitted over a variety of media, such as copper wires, fiber optic strands and wireless transmission over radio frequencies. This evolution has been driven by substantial increases in the number of users and new bandwidth-intensive computing and communications applications, such as web-based commerce, streaming audio and video, Internet Protocol television, or IPTV, and online gaming. In addition, information is increasingly available via wired and wireless networks through a variety of access devices, including personal computers and handheld computing devices such as personal digital assistants, portable
digital audio players, digital cameras and cellular phones. These applications and devices are continuing to require higher and more cost-efficient data transfer rates throughout the network communications infrastructures that serve them.





This evolution has inspired equipment manufacturers and service providers to enhance and expand existing broadband communications capabilities and has created the need for new generations of integrated circuits. Broadband transmission of digital information over existing infrastructure requires highly-integrated mixed-signal semiconductor products to perform critical systems functions such as complex signal processing and converting digital data to and from analog signals. Broadband communications equipment requires substantially higher levels of system performance, in terms of both speed and precision, which typically cannot be adequately addressed by traditional semiconductor products developed for low-speed transmission applications. Moreover, products that are based on multiple discrete analog and digital
chipsets generally cannot achieve the cost-effectiveness, performance and reliability requirements demanded by today’s broadband marketplace. These requirements are best addressed by new generations of highly-integrated mixed-signal and digital devices that combine complex system functions within high performance circuitry and can be manufactured in high volumes using cost-effective process technologies.





TARGET MARKETS AND PRODUCTS




In addition to an extensive portfolio of standard integrated circuit products addressing voice, data, wireless and video markets, TranSwitch supplies a number of intellectual property core products for Ethernet and high definition video (HDMI and DisplayPort protocol) applications as well as custom design services. Our combination of standard products, intellectual property cores and custom design services enables us to serve our customers needs more fully. Today, we provide our products and services through a worldwide direct sales force and a worldwide network of independent distributors and sales representatives.




Our products and services are compliant with relevant communications network standards.  We offer several products that combine multi-protocol capabilities on a single chip, enabling our customers to develop network equipment for triple play (voice, data and video) applications. A key attribute of our products is their inherent flexibility. Many of our products incorporate embedded programmable micro-processors, enabling us to rapidly accommodate new customer requirements or evolving network standards by modifying the functionality of the device via software instructions.




We bring value to our customers through our communications systems expertise, very large scale integration (“VLSI”) design skills and commitment to excellence in customer support. Our emphasis on technical innovation results in defining and developing products that permit our customers to achieve faster time-to-market and to develop communications systems that offer a host of benefits such as greater functionality, improved performance, lower power dissipation, reduced system size and cost, and greater reliability for their customers.




The following provides a brief description of each of our target markets and the semiconductor solutions we provide in each of these markets:




Next Generation (Converged) Network Infrastructure:




Data and video services are the main drivers for future network infrastructure investments. Carrier Ethernet is the industry’s accepted standard technology for next-generation networks, however, a large percentage of optical network infrastructure currently in place is based on SONET/SDH technology designed and optimized for voice traffic. Our products enable a mix of voice and data traffic to be efficiently transported over existing SONET /SDH networks using a number of techniques for mapping Ethernet data into the SONET or SDH format (EoS) in accordance with recently introduced industry standards. Our products are incorporated in Optical Transport equipment, and enable the fiber optic network to transport information with improved efficiency, thus increasing the overall network capacity. We also supply
products designed for use in Ethernet equipment such as carrier-grade Ethernet routers and switches.  Our products, used in such equipment, enable carriers to provide robust and differentiated services using Ethernet technology in their wide-area networks.


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Within this new infrastructure, voice traffic is also carried over Ethernet, and TranSwitch provides market leading solutions for use in equipment such as Media Gateways, Soft Switches and Multi-Service Access Nodes used in both wire-line and cellular carrier networks as well in corporate network applications. Currently, most telephony service providers maintain two separate networks - one for legacy voice traffic and a second for data traffic. VoIP technology compresses voice signals into discrete packets of data, thereby enabling the voice signals to be transmitted over lower-cost networks originally designed for data-only transmission. VoIP technology is used in numerous new types of communications equipment, such as next generation carrier- and enterprise-class gateways, soft switches, digital loop carriers,
IP DSL access multiplexers, media terminal adapters, and home gateways for use by consumers and small businesses. These VoIP technology-based devices enable more efficient and cost-effective voice transmissions than their legacy circuit-switched equipment counterparts. In addition to significant cost savings, VoIP also enables advanced services that traditional telephony could not support. VoIP technology enables and enhances features such as unified messaging and managed services that provide additional value to consumers and businesses and allow service providers to enhance revenue opportunities. Our customers in this market segment include ZTE, Alcatel-Lucent, Tellabs Fiberhome, Fujitsu, Cisco Systems and Ericsson.




The Broadband Access portion of the market includes equipment that provides “last mile” connectivity between the end customer and the network for broadband services. It includes systems for connectivity over copper wires based on DSL, technology, fiber connectivity using Passive Optical Network (PON) technology or wireless connectivity using cellular, WiMAX or other technologies. Our products are incorporated into Broadband Access equipment, enabling telecommunications service providers to deliver next generation services such as voice, data and video over the broadband connection. Fiber based broadband access, generally referred to as FTTx is deployed in a variety of alternative architectures such as Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), Fiber-to-the-building (FTTB) or Fiber-to-the-node (FTTN).  In
the case of FTTH, fiber extends all the way to each individual subscriber location, while in the case of FTTB and FTTN fiber extends to multiplexing equipment located at a building with multiple end-users or in a neighborhood “node”, and each subscriber location (residence or office) is connected to the multiplexing equipment with copper wire using DSL or Ethernet technology.




FTTH provides the highest bandwidth per subscriber, while FTTB and FTTN provide a more economical alternative.  The underlying technology for most FTTx deployments is Passive Optical Networking (PON) because it eliminates the need for active electronics in the fiber portion of the network. There are dominant variants of this technology namely Ethernet-based PON (EPON) which has been adopted extensively in Japan and to a lesser extent in other Asian countries, and Gigabit PON (GPON) which is currently being deployed primarily in North America and is expected to be deployed in several other regions worldwide.  EPON supports data rates up to 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps) while GPON supports data rates up to 2.5 Gbps. FTTx technology provides higher speeds than DSL technology for both residential
and business end users and enables service providers to offer a wider range of next generation bundled services to potentially enhance their revenue streams.




Our Broadband Access product offerings include a variety of solutions for both EPON as well as GPON standards.  We also supply products that support the hybrid fiber-copper architectures such as FTTB and FTTN using DSL or Ethernet as well as Voice-over-IP (VoIP) processors to extract, encode and manage voice services at the node equipment in the case of FTTB and FTTN architectures.  Our customers in this market segment include Alcatel-Lucent, Oki Electronics, ZTE, Sumitomo, Nokia Siemens Networksand other OEMs.




Broadband Customer Premises Equipment (CPE):




The increasing role of Broadband CPE in the delivery of modern communications services is driven directly by the deployment of broadband access networks discussed above. A single broadband connection is capable of delivering multiple services (voice, video and data) to the subscriber location in the form of a high speed packetized data stream. Equipment located at the customer premises (Broadband CPE) must then process this high speed packet data stream and deliver the various services to appliances within the home or office in the appropriate manner.  For instance, telephone (voice) service needs to be converted from packetized data using VoIP technology into its native electrical form and distributed over the internal telephone wiring or using a wireless technology such as DECT to cordless phones.
Similarly, internet data traffic must be routed over Ethernet connections or WiFi to computers within the customer premises and video traffic must be routed to set-top devices or TV sets as appropriate. Increasing availability of High Definition video content is driving the need for high speed connectivity within the home. The Consumer Electronics industry standard known as High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and the related DisplayPort standard adopted by the Computer industry are the de-facto interfaces of choice. Broadband CPE equipment also provides the necessary security features such as firewall and data encryption as well as a host of other management and control functions required for interworking with the service provider’s network.




We provide high speed interface technology conforming to HDMI, DisplayPort and Ethernet standards in the form of IP cores. Our customers for this technology are other semiconductor companies who supply complementary markets such as Consumer Electronics (TV, DVR and Video Camera) and Computer equipment manufacturers.


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We also provide a family of communications processors designed specifically for the broadband CPE applications, combining voice-over-IP, data routing and security functions in a single highly integrated device that meets the stringent cost-performance and low power consumption demands of this market segment.  Our customers for these products include ZTE, SK-Telesys, and OKI Networks as well as domestic Chinese equipment manufacturers such as Allywll and GK-Tel who are developing equipment for China Telecom and China Mobile.




Our Products and the Functions They Serve





Our products provide several of the key functionalities required for Converged Network Infrastructure and Broadband CPE:





1.
Converged Network Infrastructure


a)
Infrastructure VoIP Processors


b)
EoS / EoPDH Mappers and Framers


c)
Tributary Switches


d)
Carrier Ethernet Solutions


e)
FTTx Protocol Processors


f)
Access VoIP Processors


g)
Access Controller





2.
Broadband CPE


a)
Multi-Service Communications Processors


b)
Connectivity solutions - HDMI, DisplayPort, HDPTM  and Ethernet IP Cores





Within each of these segments, we have developed a number of product families as described below:





1.
Products for Converged Network Infrastructure





a)
Infrastructure VoIP Processors





Our Entropia Series of Processors are Highly Integrated System-on-Chip solutions each incorporating multiple embedded RISC and DSP processors for encoding, decoding and transcoding Voice-over-IP traffic according to a multitude of protocols and standards adopted in different networks worldwide. Entropia III and IV can process up to 1,008 voice channels for high capacity applications while our Entropia II LP product supports medium density applications requiring up to 336 voice channels. The Entropia product line is designed for wire-line and wireless carrier equipment such as Media Gateways, Soft Switches, Integrated Multimedia Systems (IMS) and Multi-Service Access Nodes (MSAN) as well as in Enterprise Network applications such as IP-PBX. Because different VoIP coding standards are used by different network
operators, a vital attribute of our Entropia processors is their ability to recognize and dynamically adapt to the appropriate coding standard and to trans-code the voice traffic from one standard to another as required. In addition to VoIP processing, our Entropia products provide a complete system level solutions by incorporating a variety of other related functions such as FAX relay, packet processing, circuit emulation, signaling and control required for operation in the carrier’s network.





b)
EoS / EoPDH Mappers and Framers





Our products address the predominant formats and data speeds employed in the access portion of the network.  We provide solutions that cover both North American (SONET/ Async) as well as International (SDH/PDH) standards.  Data rates covered by our products range from 1.5 mb/s to 2.5 Gb/s.





Our EtherMap and EtherPHAST product families address the need of carriers to efficiently transport data traffic over their existing SONET, SDH and PDH networks. Our VTXP products provide low-level grooming of TDM circuits which will continue to be a requirement throughout the transition to IP and will be performed predominantly in smaller edge platforms rather than larger Metro platforms.  Our products are optimized for these edge platforms, and will continue to be applicable as will our broad line of mappers and framers.





c)
Tributary Switches





This category includes switch fabric devices and adjunct switching devices that enable traffic to be switched or re-arranged (groomed) to use network capacity more efficiently.


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d)
Carrier Ethernet Solutions





As carriers move to packet-based networks for more and more of their infrastructure, the need for both pure carrier class Ethernet devices as well as transition products continues to grow.  Our Envoy line of Ethernet controllers and switches allows for differentiation and creates the opportunity for market leadership with trend setting metro Ethernet features. Our PacketTrunk family of circuit emulation and clock recovery devices provide vital interworking capability between the new data (IP) based services and infrastructures and the legacy voice (TDM) based services and infrastructures.





e)     FTTx Protocol Processors





The prevalent Passive Optical Networking standards are EPON which is adopted primarily in Japan, China and Korea and a more recent standard GPON, which has been adopted by carriers in the US and is expected to be the deployed in several other countries.





Our Mustang product is a System-on-Chip solution for EPON Optical Network Unit (ONU) equipment which is deployed at the customer location, typically on the outside wall of a dwelling unit. Our Mustang product family consists of our ME250 and proprietary ME300 products. These highly-integrated, low power and turnkey FTTH solutions are ideal for service providers deploying EPON to deliver premium triple play services such as bandwidth-intensive IPTV. Mustang conforms to the rigid standards established by Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT), and is one of only two such devices approved for deployment in their network.   Our COLT processor is a System-on-Chip solution for the Optical Line Terminator (OLT) equipment which resides in the Carrier’s Central Office location and is connected to
multiple remote ONUs via fiber. Mustang and COLT are extensively deployed in Japan by NTT and other carriers.





Our Diplomat-ONT product is a highly integrated SoC solution for GPON ONU applications equipped to provide up to four channels of VoIP processing and is interoperable with OLTs from the leading equipment suppliers worldwide.





f)
Access VoIP processors





A large percentage of fiber based broadband access deployments are hybrid fiber-copper architectures such as fiber-to-the-node (FTTN) or fiber-to-the-building (FTTB). This is particularly true in countries such as China where large apartment buildings rather than single family houses are the norm.  Even in the United States, AT&T has chosen to deploy Fiber-to-the-Node rather than Fiber-to-the-Home based on its own economic analysis.  In these Hybrid architectures, the fiber cable terminates in Optical Network Termination (ONT) equipment designed to serve multiple subscribers is placed in a neighborhood site or in the basement of the apartment building, and the individual subscriber locations are served over copper wires using VDSL or Ethernet technology.





Voice traffic is carried over the fiber portion of the network in packetized form (VoIP), and is decoded and converted to the analog form at the ONT so it can be transmitted over the copper wires.  Our EntropiaTM III-C series of processors are designed to serve these applications. This new series of Entropia processors scales the market-proven features and performance advantages of our larger flagship Entropia III and Entropia-IV series into an appropriately sized, highly integrated SoC that is ideally matched to the requirements for broadband access ONT equipment.





g)
Access Controllers





The multi-subscriber ONT equipment in FTTB or FTTN architectures performs the function of an access multiplexor in that it must appropriately rout the appropriate data from the fiber connection to the each subscriber over a separate copper connection and vice versa.  Data security, quality of service, and traffic management features are critical elements of this functionality.  Our Diplomat-IP Access Controller is designed to provide this core functionality for xDSL equipment such as MSAN, and MDU-ONT for FTTN and FTTB networks.


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2.
Products for Broadband CPE





a)
Multi-Service Communications Processors





Our Atlanta processor family is a multi-service SoC for customer premises equipment that supports toll-quality telephone voice, fax and routing functionality over any broadband access network. System designs based on the Atlanta product family can connect directly to a broadband modem or be added as part of a small office-home office, or SOHO, network. The Atlanta A70TM product is the family’s entry level SoC while the A80TM SoC adds the capability to interface with any WiFi or high-speed adapter. The A90TM SoC is optimized for the SOHO market with four voice channels and a high-performing routing engine available at 100 Mbit/second. The A100TM SoC adds powerful, enterprise-level security and encryption of all data and voice.





In 2009 we introduced Atlanta 2000 (A2000) the flagship of our Atlanta processor line.  A2000 is a multi-core SoC supporting wire-speed Gigabit routing performance, up to eight channels of low-bit rate VoIP processing or four channels of High Definition voice processing and a rich set of data security features.  A2000 fulfills the high performance requirements for next generation residential or small business gateway appliances.  In 2010 we introduced the Atlanta 1000 (A1000) which supports a wide range of applications including voice-enabled gateway routers for home and small office use, as well as IEEE 802.11n WiFi routers.





b)   Connectivity solutions- HDMI, DisplayPort, HDPTM and Ethernet IP Cores





We are a recognized worldwide leader in the licensing of interconnect technologies.  Our intellectual property serves as a key building block for many varied semiconductor applications ranging from consumer electronics to home network equipment to industrial and automotive applications. We have been licensing interface technology since 2006 with the introduction of our MystiPHY line of Ethernet IP cores obtained through our acquisition of Mysticom Ltd.  Our Ethernet technology has been adopted and incorporated by many of the world’s leading semiconductor and equipment manufacturers. In 2008 we introduced our HD-PXL family of products addressing multimedia interconnect standards specifically addressing the HDMI and DisplayPortTM standards for consumer electronics and PC appliances.
These technologies have also been licensed by some of the leading semiconductor companies serving the consumer electronics and computer equipment industry.





In 2010 we also introduced a new proprietary technology called HDPTM. It is a patented technology developed for High Definition Television (HDTV) and 3-Dimensional Television (3D-TV) applications.  It combines both HDMI 1.4 and DisplayPort capability in a single circuit enabling HDTV and 3D-TV manufacturers to support either standard with a single connector.





Conceived from TranSwitch’s HDPTM technology, our HD-PXL 1.4 IP core supports aggregate data rates over 10Gbps and is designed to meet all HDMI 1.4 resolution requirements including 1080p at 60Hz, the highest resolution for 3D televisions, and 4K x 2K, the resolution required for digital theatres.  In addition, this IP core supports Ethernet over HDMI (HEC), and includes the audio return channel (ARC), which eliminates the need for separate audio cables between televisions and home entertainment systems. The result is a technology that elevates the home entertainment experience to new levels of picture quality for consumers while simplifying the overall manufacturing process for HDTV and 3D-TV manufacturers.





Our MystiPHY 110 and MystiPHY 1011 DSP-based Ethernet transceiver cores address 10 / 100 megabit per second and 10/100/1000 megabit per second Ethernet data-rate specifications.  Both cores are fully compliant with IEEE standards, and the DSP-based design approach provides superior performance that exceeds standard requirements for cable length and noise immunity, while providing exceptionally low power consumption and small die size.




Technology




One of our core competencies is knowledge of the telecommunications and data communications landscape. Specifically, our systems engineering personnel possess substantial telecommunications and data communications design experience, as well as extensive knowledge of the relevant standards. This includes not only a thorough understanding of the actual written standards, but also an awareness of and appreciation for the nuances associated with the standards necessary for assuring that device designs are fully compliant.




Complementing our communications industry expertise is our VLSI design competence. Our VLSI design personnel have extensive experience in designing high-speed digital and mixed-signal devices for communications applications. These designs require a sophisticated understanding of complex technology, as well as the specifics of deep sub-micron manufacturing processes and their resulting impact on device performance. We have developed a large number of VLSI blocks and intellectual property cores that operate under the demanding requirements of the telecommunications and data communications industries. These blocks and intellectual property cores have been designed using standard VLSI-oriented programming languages such as VHSIC Hardware Descriptive Language (VHDL) and Verilog, and have been authenticated with
standard verification tools.




We have developed proprietary tool sets, called “Test Benches,” that facilitate rapid development of VLSI products and help assure that our products are standards compliant and meet customer requirements. These Test Benches consist of behavioral models of all applicable functions in a high-level design environment and also include test signal generators and analyzers such as models of SONET/SDH signals. Systems engineers use Test Benches to test new architectural concepts, while VLSI designers use Test Benches to ensure that the device conforms to product specifications.


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In addition to the extensive hardware functionality, many of our products utilize embedded processors that are software programmable. This approach enables us to develop products with higher levels of functionality and flexibility than are possible with purely hardware based solutions. A digital signal processor, as it relates to communications applications, encodes digital data for transmission over bandwidth-limited media, such as copper telephone lines, and recovers the encoded data at the receiving end. Our software programmable digital signal processor is optimized for communications applications and provides high processing bandwidth with low power requirements. This digital signal processor can be programmed for several different applications, such as DSL and VoIP networking. This software programmable
digital signal processor technology gives us the advantage of field programmability of devices. Field programmability means that service providers can remotely upgrade their equipment to address new standards or enable improved features, thereby extending the life cycles of their equipment while incurring lower costs.




Our products are multi-million gate devices, which are implemented in 65, 130 and 180 nanometer complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon technologies. They incorporate high speed mixed signal circuitry.  Some of these devices are equipped with embedded processors that provide added functionality through software.




We have developed substantial expertise in communications algorithms. Communications algorithms are the processes and techniques used to transform a digital data stream into a specially conditioned analog signal suitable for transmission across copper telephone wires. We possess a thorough understanding of, and practical experience in, the process of transmitting and receiving a digital data stream in analog form. We also have significant experience developing algorithms to enable voice compression, echo cancellation and telephony signal processing. This expertise allows us to design highly efficient algorithms that in turn enable us to create products with high performance, re-programmability and low power consumption.




We are experts in the area of highly complex, high-speed digital chip development. We design both the logic and the physical layout for our products. This design expertise has enabled us to develop tightly integrated digital chips that have small form factors with low power consumption. We have continued to improve upon our internal chip layout capabilities and our design for test capability, both of which have resulted in significant improvements in silicon efficiency, silicon testability and time-to-market. Our system-on-a-chip definition, architecture, verification expertise and design methodology ensure that hardware and software architectural trade-offs yield desired performance testing from our VLSI solutions. The system-on-a-chip performance simulation, emulation, verification and stress testing, using
Test Benches and test equipment, ensure that our products meet carrier class quality, performance and reliability requirements.




We have expertise in developing software embedded in our semiconductor products that addresses the needs of network equipment manufacturers and service providers. In addition, our understanding of various operating systems and personal computer environments allows us to create software embedded on the chip that provides for simple installation and operation.




The expertise of our personnel, our rigorous design methodology and our investment in state-of-the-art electronic design automation tools enable us to develop the complex and innovative products our customers demand.




Strategy




Our goal is to be the leading supplier of innovative semiconductor and intellectual property (IP) solutions that provide core functionality for voice, data and video communications equipment for network, enterprise and customer premises applications.




The key elements of our business strategy include the following:




Provide the Optimal Solutions Within Target Markets




We offer our customers unique chip sets that enable optimized performance and functionality for applications ranging from Ethernet-over-SONET mapping and framing for Optical Transport systems, voice media gateway platforms, fiber-to-the-premises applications,  home gateway/routers and consumer products  Our solutions include:




•
embedded software in the computer chip for control of our configurable devices;





•
product reference design models for both hardware and software applications;





•
evaluation boards and reference design;


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•
OEM product design support;





•
multi-tier applications support; and





•
product technical and design documentation.




Our ‘complete product’ approach allows OEMs to optimally configure their products while maintaining product compatibility over multiple generations. This approach allows equipment vendors to selectively upgrade their products with next-generation higher functionality VLSI devices.




Continue to Promote the Deployment of Programmable Devices




We will continue to develop highly integrated products that combine the use of embedded software-programmable blocks and optimized hardware blocks in order to provide an optimal level of performance and flexibility to our customers.  This flexibility enables customers to adapt the product for their unique needs or to accommodate changes resulting from emerging telecommunications standards.




Seek Early Market Penetration through Customer Sponsorship




We seek to develop close sponsoring relationships with strategic OEMs during product development in order to secure early adoption of our solutions. We believe that OEMs recognize the value of their early involvement through sponsorship of our products, as they can design their system products in parallel with our product development, thereby accelerating their time to market. In addition, we believe that our sponsoring relationships with leading OEMs help us to obtain early design wins and help reduce risks of market acceptance for our new products.




Third-Party Semiconductor Fabrication




We work with select third-party foundries to produce our semiconductor devices. This approach allows us to avoid substantial capital spending, obtain competitive pricing and technologies, and retain the ability to migrate our products to new process technologies to reduce costs and optimize performance. Our design methodology enables the production of our devices at multiple foundries using well-established and proven processes. We engage foundries that are ISO 9001:2008 and ISO/TS 16949:2009 certified for quality and which use only semiconductor processes and packages that are qualified under industry-standard requirements.




Marketing and Sales




Our marketing strategy focuses on key customer relationships to promote early adoption of our technology in the products of market-leading OEMs. Through our customer sponsorship program, OEMs collaborate on product specifications and applications while participating in product testing in parallel with our own certification process. This approach accelerates our customers’ time-to-market delivery while enabling us to achieve early design wins for our products and volume forecasts for specific products from these sponsors.




Our sales strategy primarily focuses on worldwide suppliers of high-speed communications and communications-oriented equipment. These customers include telecommunications, data communications, wireless and wire-line equipment, internet access, customer premise, computing, process control, and defense equipment vendors. In addition, we target emerging technology leaders that are developing next generation solutions for the telecommunications and data communications markets. We also market our interoperable connectivity solutions to consumer electronics companies and other semiconductor companies that serve these markets.




We identify and address sales opportunities through our worldwide direct sales force and our worldwide network of independent distributors and sales representatives.




Our worldwide direct sales force, technical support personnel and design engineers work together in teams to support our customers. We have technical support capabilities located in key geographical locations throughout the world as well as a technical support team at our headquarters as a backup to the field applications engineers.


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We have established foreign distributors and sales representative relationships in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Scandinavian countries, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey and the United Kingdom. We also sell our products through domestic distributors and a network of domestic sales representatives. We have regional sales and technical support capabilities in Boston, Massachusetts; Fremont, California;  Paris, France; Rome, Italy; Berkshire, England; Hilversum, Netherlands; Brussels, Belgium; New Delhi and Bangalore, India; Shanghai and Shenzhen, P.R.C.; Seoul, Korea; Tokyo, Japan; and Taipei, Taiwan, as well as at our headquarters facility in Shelton, Connecticut. Item 1A below describes the risks attendant to the foreign
operations.




Customers




We have sold our products and services to over 400 customers since shipping our first product in 1990. Our customers include public network systems OEMs that incorporate our products into telecommunications systems, WAN and LAN equipment OEMs, internet-oriented OEMs, communications test and performance measurement equipment OEMs and government, university and private laboratories that use our products in advanced public network, and WAN and LAN developments. In addition we have licensed HDMI, DisplayPort, Ethernet and other IP Cores to firms such as IBM, Intel, Samsung, Texas Instruments, Analog Devices, Philips NXP and NEC.




Historically, a small number of our customers have accounted for a substantial portion of our net revenues.  In 2010, 51% of our net revenues were from three customers.  Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides data on major customers for the last three years.




Research and Development




We believe that the continued introduction of new products in our target markets is essential to our growth. As of December 31, 2010 we had 165 full-time employees engaged in research and product development efforts. We employ engineers who have the necessary VLSI, high speed mixed signal, firmware, software, hardware, physical design, verification, and validation expertise and development experience.  These engineers are responsible for delivering VLSI and Evaluation/Demo products for telecommunications and data communications applications.  Research and development expenditures were $16.0 million in 2010, $19.1 million in 2009, and $24.6 million in 2008.




All products are developed and delivered using documented design processes (product life cycle) operating under a quality management system certified to meet the ISO 9001:2008 international standard. Our design tools and development environment are continuously reviewed and updated to improve design, verification, fabrication and validation methodology, design flow and processes of our product life cycle.




From time to time, we subcontract design services and acquire products from third parties to enhance our product lines.  Our internal research and development organization thoroughly reviews the external development processes and the design of these products as part of our quality assurance process.




Patents and Licenses




Through the end of 2010, we have been issued or became an assignee of 72 presently maintained United States patents with an additional 11 patents pending in the United States. Of that number two patents are co-assigned. For one or more of our United States patents, we have coverage in Canada, China, Taiwan, Israel, Japan, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy, Sweden, Spain, and Hong Kong. Internationally, there are patents pending either in specific countries or in the European Patent Office (EPO) or under the Patent Cooperative Treaty (PCT). In addition we have lifetime licenses to use over 23 additional US patents and their foreign derivatives.




We cannot guarantee that our patents will not be challenged or circumvented by our competitors, and we cannot be sure that pending patent applications will ultimately be issued as patents. Under current law, patent applications in the United States filed before November 29, 2000 are maintained in secrecy until they are issued, but applications filed after November 29, 2000 (and foreign applications) are generally published 18 months after their priority date, which is generally the filing date. The right to a patent in the United States is attributable to the first to invent, while in most other jurisdictions the right to a patent is obtained by the first to file the patent application. We cannot be sure that our products or technologies do not infringe patents that may be granted in the future based upon
currently pending non-published patent applications or that our products do not infringe any patents or proprietary rights of third parties. From time to time, we receive communications from third parties alleging patent infringement. If any relevant claims of third-party patents are upheld as valid and enforceable, we could be prevented from selling our products or could be required to obtain licenses from the owners of such patents or be required to redesign our products to avoid infringement. We cannot be assured that such licenses would be available or, if available, would be on terms acceptable to us or that we would be successful in any attempts to redesign our products or processes to avoid infringement. Our failure to obtain these licenses or to redesign our products could have a material adverse effect on our business.


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We also have been granted registration of 16 presently maintained trade or service marks in the United States and we have one more trademark registration awaiting approval. We have also obtained 4 presently maintained trademark registrations under the European Community Trademark (ECT) procedure and have two pending trademarks awaiting approval in Canada and the ECT.




Our ability to compete depends to some extent upon our ability to protect our proprietary information through various means, including ownership of patents, copyrights, mask work registrations and trademarks. While no intellectual property right of ours has been invalidated or declared unenforceable, we cannot assure that such rights will be upheld in the future. We believe that, in view of the rapid pace of technological changes in the communication semiconductor industry, the technical experience and creative skills of our engineers and other personnel are the most important factors in determining our future technological success.




We have entered into various license agreements for products or technology exchange. The purpose of these licenses has, in general, been to obtain second sources for standard products or to convey or receive rights to certain proprietary or patented cores, cells or other technology.




We sell our products for applications in the telecommunications and data communications industries, which require our products to conform to various standards that are agreed upon by recognized industry standards committees. Where applicable, we design our products to be in conformity with these standards. We have received and expect to continue to receive, in the normal course of business, communications from third parties stating that if certain of our products meet a particular standard, these products may infringe one or more patents of that third party. We review the circumstances of each communication, and, in our discretion and upon the advice of legal counsel, have taken or may take in the future one of the following courses of action: we may negotiate payment for a license under the patent or patents
that may be infringed, we may use our technology and/or patents to negotiate a cross-license with the third party or we may decline to obtain a license on the basis that we do not infringe the claimant’s patent or patents, or that such patents are not valid, or other bases. We cannot be sure that licenses for any such patents will be available to us on reasonable terms or that we would prevail in any litigation seeking damages or expenses from us or to enjoin us from selling our products on the bases of any of the alleged infringements.




Manufacturing and Design Services




We produce a variety of integrated circuit (“IC”) devices utilizing the Fabless Semiconductor Model. This means that we do not own or operate any of the foundries used in the production of our devices. Rather, we contract with established independent foundries to manufacture all of our devices including silicon wafer production, package assembly and testing. In most cases we maintain a fully functional test environment for the purpose of production test development, low volume production testing, and product certification. Once the device reaches production volume, the test is transferred to a high volume, lower cost test facility. In some cases, the test development is done at the subcontractor site.




This approach permits us to focus on our design strengths, minimize fixed costs and capital expenditures and access the most advanced manufacturing technologies. It also allows us to maintain an effective and flexible supply chain which is managed using fully integrated ERP system. Quality assurance and customer service activities are all performed at our Shelton, Connecticut and Fremont, California facilities. Finished goods inventory, packing and shipping are performed either in our Shelton, Connecticut facility or managed at our subcontractors.




Our Shelton, Connecticut facility is registered toISO 9001:2008by TUV Rheinland of North America, Inc.  We use only ISO certified suppliers in the manufacture of our products.





Our manufacturing objectives and emphasis are focused in the following areas:




•
maximizing the reliability and quality of our products utilizing world class foundry partners;





•
leveraging the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing technologies available;





•
maintaining a flexible supply chain to meet our customer’s demand and delivering on time;





•
minimizing capital and other resource requirements by subcontracting capital-intensive manufacturing; and





•
achieving a gross margin commensurate with the value of our products.





Our products and services can be categorized as follows:


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·
IC devices - This category covers the majority of our products. We purchase and own the unique mask sets (tools) required for the production of our silicon wafers. We then purchase the wafers from the foundry as needed which are shipped directly to one of our wafer sort or assembly partners. They are then stored until we issue an assembly or test release based on demand. We use a variety of assembly and test suppliers to complete the production process. We have supplier agreements in place with most of these suppliers including Taiwan Semiconductor (TSMC), Global Foundries and IBM for wafers and Amkor and STATS ChipPAC for assembly and test.  For some of our devices, we purchase the product in its final form. In these cases, the supplier fabricates the wafers and manages the work in process including assembly and test. Kawasho Semiconductor Corp. is an example of a turnkey
supplier where we are delivered fully tested and functional product.




·
Intellectual Property Cores – We have several arrangements with foundries like TSMC and Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) for example, where we make our intellectual property cores available to our customers for design in their products. The use of these cores is strictly controlled at the foundry and we receive license fees or royalties when they are used.




·
Services – We offer design and manufacturing services to our customers. In these cases we can utilize any of our established supply chain partners or use suppliers specified by our customer.




On February 4, 2011 we signed an agreement with eSilicon Corporation to provide us with turnkey manufacturing services. Such services will include, among other things, quality and product cost management, capacity scheduling, wafer procurement, assembly, packaging, test, and delivery scheduling.




Acquisitions




While some of the next generation products we introduce are based on technologies that we develop ourselves, we have filled some of our technology and skills needs through acquisitions. The following is a table that summarizes technology and skills we obtained through acquisitions of stand-alone companies during the years 2006 through 2010.




Acquired Company

Date Acquired

Technology / Skill AcquiredCentillium Communications, Inc.

October  2008

VOIP and Optical transportASIC Design Center Division of Data – JCE, Ltd.

January 2007

Custom ASIC Development and LogisticsMysticom, Ltd.

January 2006

Analog/Mixed Signal Design Resources




Investments in Non-Publicly Traded Companies and Venture Capital Funds




We have made investments in early stage venture-backed, start-up companies that develop technologies that are complementary to our product roadmap. In all cases, when investing in other semiconductor companies, we have also entered into commercial agreements giving us the rights to resell products developed by these companies. When determining the accounting method for these investments, we consider both direct ownership and indirect ownership. We also consider other factors, such as our influence over the financial, technology and operating policies of these companies.




We have invested in venture capital funds as it provides us access to new technologies and relationships integral for maintaining technological advantages in the development of advanced semiconductor products.




Competition




The fabless semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and is characterized by:




•
rapid technological changes in electronic design automation tools, wafer-manufacturing technologies, process tools and alternate networking technologies;





•
rapidly changing requirements;





•
manufacturing yield problems;





•
heightened international competition in many markets; and


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•
price erosion.




Our principal competitors in the communications industry are Applied Micro Circuits Corporation, Broadcom Corporation, Exar Corporation, Infineon Technologies, LSI Corporation, Mindspeed Technologies, Inc., PMC-Sierra Inc., Texas Instruments Inc., and Vitesse Semiconductor Corporation.  In addition, there are several FPGA providers such as Altera Corporation and Xilinx, Inc. which compete with us by supplying programmable products to OEMs.




Our principal competitors in the consumer interconnect product line are Silicon Image, Inc., Analog Devices, Inc., and NXP Semiconductors, NV.  Other domestic and international vendors have either entered this market or announced plans to do so.




Employees




At December 31, 2010, we had 233 full time employees, including 165 in research and development, 27 in marketing and sales, 13 in operations and quality assurance, and 28 in administration. We have no collective bargaining agreements. We have never experienced any work stoppage and we believe our employee relations are good.




Available Information




Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are made available free of charge through the Investor Relations section of our Internet website (http://www.transwitch.com) as soon as practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our executive offices are located at Three Enterprise Drive, Shelton, CT 06484.




You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at: Headquarters Office, 100F Street N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549, on official business days during the hours of 10am to 3pm. You can obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room and request copies of these documents by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our SEC filings are also available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This website address is included in this document as an inactive textual reference only.




Item 1A.  Risk Factors




From time to time, information provided by us, statements made by our employees or information included in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including this Form 10-K) may contain statements that are not historical facts, so-called “forward-looking statements,” which involve risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “plans,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue,”
“believe” or the negative of these terms or other similar words. These statements discuss future expectations, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking information. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this Form 10-K.





Our actual future results may differ significantly from those stated in any forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed below. Each of these factors, and others, are discussed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.




We are using our available cash and cash equivalents each quarter to fund our operations, investments and financing activities.




We have incurred significant losses in prior periods. Our revenues and operating results have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in the future and we may incur losses and negative cash flows in future periods. These fluctuations are due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include, among others:





•
the effects of competitive pricing pressures, including decreases in average selling prices of our products;


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•
market acceptance of our products and our customers’ products;





•
our ability to develop, introduce, market and support new products and technologies on a timely basis;





•
availability and cost of products from our suppliers;





•
intellectual property disputes;





•
the timing of receipt, reduction or cancellation of significant orders by customers;





•
fluctuations in the levels of component inventories held by our customers and distributors and changes in our


customers’ and distributors’ inventory management practices;





•
shifts in our product mix and the effect of maturing products;





•
the timing and extent of product development costs;





•
new product and technology introductions by us or our competitors;





•
fluctuations in manufacturing yields; and





•
significant warranty claims, including those not covered by our suppliers.





The foregoing factors are difficult to forecast, and these, as well as other factors, could materially and adversely affect our quarterly or annual operating results.




Our operating results may fluctuate because of a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. If our operating results are below the expectations of public market analysts or investors, then the market price of our common stock could decline. Some of the factors that affect our quarterly and annual results, but which are difficult to control or predict, are:




Our net revenues may decrease.





Due to current economic conditions and slowdowns in purchases of VLSI semiconductor devices, it has become increasingly difficult for us to predict the purchasing activities of our customers and we expect that our net revenues may decrease.




Our business is characterized by short-term orders and shipment schedules, and customer orders typically can be cancelled or rescheduled without significant penalty to our customers.  Because we do not have substantial non-cancelable backlog, we typically plan our production and inventory levels based on internal forecasts of customer demand, which are highly unpredictable and can fluctuate substantially.  Future fluctuations to our operating results may also be caused by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control.




In response to anticipated long lead times to obtain inventory and materials from our foundries, we may order inventory and materials in advance of anticipated customer demand, which might result in excess inventory levels if the expected orders fail to materialize.  As a result, we cannot predict the timing and amount of shipments to our customers, and any significant downturn in customer demand for our products would reduce our quarterly and annual operating results.




We continue to have substantial indebtedness.




As of December 31, 2010, we have approximately $3.8 million in principal amount of indebtedness outstanding in the form of our 5.45% Convertible Notes due September 30, 2011 (2011 Notes).





In addition to this indebtedness, we may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. The level of our indebtedness, among other things, could:




•
make it difficult for us to make payments on our 2011 Notes;




•
make it difficult for us to obtain any necessary future financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other purposes;


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•
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to changes in, our business; and




•
make us more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business.




There can be no assurance that we will be able to meet our debt service obligations, including our obligations under the 2011 Notes.  The terms of our 2011 Notes permit the holders thereof to voluntarily convert their notes at any time into a certain number of shares of our common stock.




We may not be able to pay our debt and other obligations.




If our cash, cash equivalents and operating cash flows are inadequate to meet our obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments on the 2011 Notes or our other obligations, we would be in default under their respective terms.  This would permit the holders of the 2011 Notes and our other obligations to accelerate their respective maturities and could also cause defaults under any future indebtedness we may incur.  Any such default or cross default would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.  In addition, we cannot be sure that we would be able to repay amounts due in respect of the 2011 Notes if
payment of those notes were to be accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default as defined in the 2011 Notes indenture.




We may seek to reduce our indebtedness or fund our loss operations by issuing equity securities, thereby causing dilution of our stockholders’ ownership interests.




We may from time to time seek to exchange our 2011 Notes for shares of our common stock or other securities.  These exchanges may take different forms, including exchange offers or privately negotiated transactions.  As a result of shares of our common stock or other securities being issued upon such conversion or pursuant to such exchanges, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution of their ownership interest.




The terms of the 2011 Notes include voluntary conversion provisions upon which shares of our common stock would be issued. As a result of these shares of our common stock being issued, our stockholders may experience dilution of their ownership interest.




If we seek to secure additional financing we may not be able to do so.  If we are able to secure additional financing our stockholders may experience dilution of their ownership interest or we may be subject to limitations on our operations.




If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet our anticipated needs for working capital and capital expenditures, we may need to raise additional funds.  However, events in the future may require us to seek additional capital and, if so required, that capital may not be available on terms favorable or acceptable to us, if at all.  If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution of their ownership interest, and the newly issued securities may have rights superior to those of our common stock.  On October 21, 2009 we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-162609) (the “Shelf Registration
Statement”) which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2009, to sell up to $40,000,000 of our securities.   During 2010 we issued shares for proceeds to the Company in an amount of $1,809,000 worth of common stock under the Shelf registration statement. Accordingly, we have a value of $38,191,000 of shares of our common stock, which could still be issued under this arrangement.




If we raise additional funds by issuing debt, we may be limited in our success, as the terms of the 2011 Notes restrict our ability to issue debt that is senior to or pari passu with the 2011 Notes, without the consent of the holders of the 2011 Notes.




Our stock price is volatile.




The market for securities for communication semiconductor companies, including our Company, has been highly volatile. The daily closing price of our common stock has fluctuated between a low of $1.52 and a high of $15.36 (share price is reflective of the November 23, 2009 1 for 8 reverse stock split) during the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2010. It is likely that the price of our common stock will continue to fluctuate widely in the future. Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock include:




•
responses to quarter-to-quarter variations in operating results;




•
announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors;


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•
current market conditions in our served markets; and




•
changes in earnings estimates by analysts.




We may have to further restructure our business.




We may have to make further restructuring changes if we do not sustain the current level of quarterly revenues. Our restructurings could result in management distractions, operational disruptions, and other difficulties. Over the past several years, we have initiated several restructuring activities in an effort to reduce operating costs. Our most recent restructuring was announced on February 8, 2011.  Employees whose positions were eliminated in connection with these restructuring activities may seek employment with our customers or competitors. Although each of our employees is required to sign a confidentiality agreement with us at the time of hire, we cannot guarantee that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment.
Additionally, we cannot guarantee that we will not undertake additional restructuring activities and that of our restructuring efforts will be successful, or that we will be able to realize the cost savings and other anticipated benefits from our previous restructuring plans. Also, if we continue to reduce our workforce it may adversely impact our ability to respond rapidly to new growth opportunities.




We anticipate that shipments of our products to relatively few customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our total net revenues.




Historically, a relatively small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of our total net revenues in any particular period. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, shipments to our top five customers, including sales to distributors, accounted for approximately 57% and 63% of our total net revenues, respectively. We expect that a limited number of customers may account for a substantial portion of our total net revenues for the foreseeable future.




Some of the following may reduce our total net revenues or adversely affect our business:




•
reduction, delay or cancellation of orders from one or more of our significant customers;


•
development by one or more of our significant customers of other sources of supply for current or future products;


•
loss of one or more of our current customers or a disruption in our sales and distribution channels; and


•
failure of one or more of our significant customers to make timely payment of our invoices.




We cannot be certain that our current customers will continue to place orders with us, that orders by existing customers will return to the levels of previous periods or that we will be able to obtain orders from new customers. We have no long-term volume purchase commitments from any of our significant customers.




The cyclical nature of the communication semiconductor industry affects our business.




Communication service providers, internet service providers, regional operating companies and inter-exchange carriers continue to closely monitor their capital expenditures. Spending on voice-only equipment remains slow while spending on equipment providing the efficient transport of data services on existing infrastructure appears to be slowly recovering. Demand for new, high bandwidth applications such as video conferencing, broadband audio and telephone is placing an increased burden on existing public network infrastructure. We cannot be certain that the market for our products will not decline in the future.




Because of our lack of diversity in geographic sources of revenues, economic factors specific to certain countries may adversely affect our business and operating results.





During 2010, a substantial amount of our revenue was from, China, Japan, Korea, Israel and other foreign countries. We expect revenues in 2011 will be substantial concentrated in foreign markets.  All of our sales have been historically denominated in U.S. dollars and major fluctuations in currency exchange rates could materially affect our customers’ demand, thereby causing them to reduce their orders, which could adversely affect our operating results. While part of our strategy is to diversify the geographic sources of our revenues, failure to further penetrate other markets could harm our business and results of operations and subject us to increased currency risk.


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If foreign exchange rates fluctuate significantly, our profitability may decline.





We are exposed to foreign currency rate fluctuations because we incur a significant portion of our operating expenses in currencies other than U.S. dollars (mainly Indian rupees, Israeli shekels and Euros). The U.S. dollar has fluctuated significantly in 2010 and this trend may continue.




Our international business operations expose us to a variety of business risks.




Foreign markets are a significant part of our net product revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 foreign shipments accounted for approximately 75% and 70%, respectively of our total net product and services revenues. We expect foreign markets to continue to account for a significant percentage of our total net product revenues. A significant portion of our total net product revenues will, therefore, be subject to risks associated with foreign markets, including the following:




•
unexpected changes in legal and regulatory requirements and policy changes affecting the telecommunications and data communications markets;


•
changes in tariffs;


•
exchange rates, currency controls and other barriers;


•
political and economic instability;


•
risk of terrorism;


•
difficulties in accounts receivable collection;


•
difficulties in managing distributors and representatives;


•
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;


•
difficulties in protecting our intellectual property overseas;


•
natural disasters;


•
seasonality of customer buying patterns; and


•
potentially adverse tax consequences.




Although substantially all of our total net product revenues to date have been denominated in U.S. dollars, the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to foreign currencies also may reduce our total net revenues from foreign customers. A substantial amount of our costs are denominated in Israeli shekels and the Indian rupees.  To the extent that we further expand our international operations or change our pricing practices to denominate prices in foreign currencies, we will expose our margins to increased risks of currency fluctuations.




Our net product revenues depend on the success of our customers’ products, and our design wins do not necessarily generate revenues in a timely fashion.




Our customers generally incorporate our new products into their products or systems at the design stage.  However, customer decisions to use our products (design wins), which can often require significant expenditures by us without any assurance of success, often precede the generation of production revenues, if any, by a year or more.  Some customer projects are canceled, and thus will not generate revenues for our products.  In addition, even after we achieve a design win, a customer may require further design changes.  Implementing these design changes can require significant expenditures of time and expense by us in the development and pre-production process.  Moreover, the value of any design win will largely depend upon the commercial success of the
customer’s product and on the extent to which the design of the customer’s systems accommodates components manufactured by our competitors.  We cannot ensure that we will continue to achieve design wins in customer products that achieve market acceptance.  Further, most revenue-generating design wins take several years to translate into meaningful revenues.




We must successfully transition to new process technologies to remain competitive.





Our future success depends upon our ability to develop products that utilize new process technologies.




Semiconductor design and process methodologies are subject to rapid technological change and require large expenditures for research and development. We currently manufacture our products using 65, 130 and 180 nanometer complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. We continuously evaluate the benefits, on a product-by-product basis, of migrating to smaller geometry process technologies.Other companies in the industry have experienced difficulty in transitioning to new manufacturing processes and, consequently, have suffered increased costs, reduced yields or delays in product deliveries. We believe that transitioning our products to smaller geometry process technologies will be important for us to remain competitive. We cannot be certain
that we can make such a transition successfully, if at all, without delay or inefficiencies.


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Our success depends on the timely development of new products, and we face risks of product development delays.




Our success depends upon our ability to develop new devices and software for existing and new markets. The development of these new devices and software is highly complex, and from time to time we have experienced delays in completing the development of new products. Successful product development and introduction depends on a number of factors, including the following:




•
accurate new product definition;


•
timely completion and introduction of new product designs;


•
availability of foundry capacity;


•
achievement of manufacturing yields; and


•
market acceptance of our products and our customers’ products.




Our success also depends upon our ability to do the following:





•
build products to applicable standards or customer specifications;


•
develop products that meet customer requirements;


•
adjust to changing market conditions as quickly and cost-effectively as necessary to compete successfully;


•
introduce new products that achieve market acceptance; and


•
develop reliable software to meet our customers’ application needs in a timely fashion.




In addition, we cannot ensure that the systems manufactured by our customers will be introduced in a timely manner or that such systems will achieve market acceptance.




We sell a range of products that each has a different gross profit. Our total gross profits will be adversely affected if most of our shipments are of products with low gross profits.




We currently sell more than 70 products. Some of our products have a high gross profit while others do not.If our customers decide to buy more of our products with low gross profits and fewer of our products with high gross profits, our total gross profits could be adversely affected. We plan our mix of products based on our internal forecasts of customer demand, which are highly unpredictable and can fluctuate substantially.




The price of our products tends to decrease over the lives of our products.




Historically, average selling prices in the communication semiconductor industry have decreased over the life of a product, and, as a result, the average selling prices of our products may decrease in the future. Decreases in the price of our products would adversely affect our operating results. As global competition increases our customers are increasingly more focused on price. We may have to decrease our prices to remain competitive in some situations, which may negatively impact our gross margins.




Our success depends on the rate of growth of the global communications infrastructure.




We derive most of our net revenues from products for telecommunications, data and video communications applications. These markets are characterized by the following:




•
susceptibility to seasonality of customer buying patterns;


•
subject to general business cycles;


•
intense competition;


•
rapid technological change; and


•
short product life cycles.





We anticipate that these markets will continue to experience significant volatility in the near future.


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Our products must successfully include industry standards to remain competitive.




Products for telecommunications and data communications applications are based on industry standards, which are continually evolving. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to successfully develop and introduce new products based on emerging industry standards, which could render our existing products unmarketable or obsolete. If the telecommunications or data communications markets evolve to new standards, we cannot be certain that we will be able to design and manufacture new products successfully that address the needs of our customers and include the new standards or that such new products will meet with substantial market acceptance.




Our strategic direction has changed.  The company has gone from primarily providing VLSI infrastructure products to more customer premise VOIP based products and licensing IP cores.





As our business model changes there can be no assurances that the move to these new product lines will produce acceptable results. Moreover, any other future changes to our business may not prove successful in the short or long term due to a variety of factors, including competition, customer acceptance, demand for our products and other factors. This may cause a material negative impact on our financial results.





Our business has been and may continue to be significantly impacted by the deterioration in worldwide economic conditions, and the current uncertainty in the outlook for the global economy makes it more likely that our actual results will differ materially from expectations.





Global credit and financial markets continue to experience disruptions, including diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates, and continued uncertainty about economic stability. Despite signs of improvement, there can be no assurance that there will not be renewed deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions.  These economic uncertainties affect businesses such as ours in a number of ways, making it difficult to accurately forecast and plan our future business activities. The continued or further tightening of credit in financial markets may lead consumers and businesses to postpone spending, which may cause our customers to cancel, decrease or delay their existing and
future orders with us. In addition, financial difficulties experienced by our suppliers or distributors could result in product delays, increased accounts receivable defaults and inventory challenges. The volatility in the credit markets has severely diminished liquidity and capital availability.





The licensing component of our business strategy increases business risk and volatility.





Part of our business strategy is to license IP through agreements with companies whereby companies incorporate our IP into their respective technologies that address certain markets. There can be no assurance that additional companies will be interested in licensing our technology on commercially favorable terms or at all. We also cannot ensure that companies who license our technology will introduce and sell products incorporating our technology, will accurately report royalties owed to us, will pay agreed upon royalties, will honor agreed upon market restrictions, will not infringe upon or misappropriate our intellectual property and will maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary information. The IP agreements are complex and depend upon many factors including completion of milestones, allocation of
values to delivered items and customer acceptances. Many of these factors require significant judgments. Licensing revenue could fluctuate significantly from period to period because it is heavily dependent on a few key deals being completed in a particular period, the timing of which is difficult to predict and may not match our expectations. Because of its high margin content, the licensing mix of our revenue can have a disproportionate impact on gross profit and profitability. Also, generating revenue from these arrangements is a lengthy and complex process that may last beyond the period in which efforts begin and once an agreement is in place, the timing of revenue recognition may be dependent on customer acceptance of deliverables, achievement of milestones, our ability to track and report progress on contracts, customer commercialization of the licensed technology and other factors. Licensing that occurs in connection with actual or contemplated litigation is subject to risk
that the adversarial nature of the transaction will induce non-compliance or non-payment. The accounting rules associated with recognizing revenue from these transactions are increasingly complex and subject to interpretation. Due to these factors, the amount of license revenue recognized in any period may differ significantly from our expectations.




Our intellectual property indemnification practices may adversely impact our business.




We have historically agreed to indemnify our customers for certain costs and damages of intellectual property rights in circumstances where one of our products is the factor creating the customer’s infringement exposure. This practice may subject us to significant indemnification claims by our customers. In some instances, our products are designed for use in devices manufactured by our customers that comply with international standards. These international standards are often covered by patent rights held by third parties, which may include our competitors. The costs of obtaining licenses from holders of patent rights essential to such international standards could be high. The cost of not obtaining such licenses could also be high if a holder of such patent rights brings a claim for patent infringement.
We are not aware of any claimed violations on our part. However, we cannot assure you that claims for indemnification will not be made or that if made, such claims would not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.


19




We continue to expense our new product process development costs when incurred.





In the past, we have incurred significant new product and process development costs because our policy is to expense these costs, including tooling, fabrication and pre-production expenses, at the time that they are incurred. We may continue to incur these types of expenses in the future. These additional expenses will have a material and adverse effect on our operating results in future periods.





We face intense competition in the semiconductor market.




The communication semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and is characterized by the following:




•
rapid technological change;


•
subject to general business cycles;


•
price erosion;


•
limited access to fabrication capacity;


•
unforeseen manufacturing yield problems; and


•
heightened international competition in many markets.




These factors are likely to result in pricing pressures on our products, thus potentially affecting our operating results.




Our ability to compete successfully in the rapidly evolving area of high-performance integrated circuit technology depends on factors both within and outside our control, including:




•
success in designing and subcontracting the manufacture of new products that implement new technologies;


•
protection of our products by effective use of intellectual property laws;


•
product quality;


•
reliability;


•
price;


•
efficiency of production;


•
failure to find alternative manufacturing sources to produce VLSI devices with acceptable manufacturing yields;


•
the pace at which customers incorporate our products into their products;


•
success of competitors’ products; and


•
general economic conditions.




The telecommunications and data communications industries, which are our primary target markets, are intensely competitive.  A number of our customers have internal semiconductor design or manufacturing capability with which we also compete in addition to our other competitors.  Any failure by us to compete successfully in these target markets, particularly in the communications markets, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.




We rely on outside fabrication facilities, and our business could be hurt if our relationships with our foundry suppliers are damaged.




We do not own or operate a VLSI circuit fabrication facility. A few foundries currently supply us with all of our semiconductor device requirements. While we have had good relations with these foundries, we cannot be certain that we will be able to renew or maintain contracts with them or negotiate new contracts to replace those that expire. In addition, we cannot be certain that renewed or new contracts will contain terms as favorable as our current terms. There are other significant risks associated with our reliance on outside foundries, including the following:




•
the lack of assured semiconductor wafer supply and control over delivery schedules;


•
the unavailability of, or delays in obtaining access to, key process technologies; and


•
limited control over quality assurance, manufacturing yields and production costs.


20




Reliance on third-party fabrication facilities limits our ability to control the manufacturing process.




Manufacturing integrated circuits is a highly complex and technology-intensive process.  We work closely with our foundries to minimize the likelihood of reduced manufacturing yields, our foundries occasionally experience lower than anticipated manufacturing yields, particularly in connection with the introduction of new products and the installation and start-up of new process technologies. Such reduced manufacturing yields have at times reduced our operating results. A manufacturing disruption at one or more of our outside foundries, including, without limitation, those that may result from natural disasters, accidents, acts of terrorism or political instability or other natural occurrences, could impact production for an extended period of time.




Our dependence on a small number of fabrication facilities exposes us to risks of interruptions in deliveries of semiconductor devices.




We purchase semiconductor devices from outside foundries pursuant to purchase orders, and we do not have a guaranteed level of production capacity at any of our foundries. We provide the foundries with forecasts of our production requirements. However, the ability of each foundry to provide wafers to us is limited by the foundry’s available capacity and the availability of raw materials. Therefore, our foundry suppliers could choose to prioritize capacity and raw materials for other customers or reduce or eliminate deliveries to us on short notice. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that our foundries will allocate sufficient capacity to satisfy our requirements.




We have been, and expect in the future to be, particularly dependent upon a limited number of foundries for our VLSI device requirements. In 2010, approximately 80% of our wafer requirements were manufactured by one foundry.  The time required to qualify alternative manufacturing sources for existing or new products could be substantial and we might not be able to find alternative manufacturing sources able to produce our VLSI devices with acceptable manufacturing yields. As a result, we expect that we could experience substantial delays or interruptions in the shipment of our products if there was a sudden increase in demand or if our foundry suppliers were to cease operations
or limit our capacity.




We are subject to risks arising from our use of subcontractors to assemble our products.




Contract assembly houses in Asia assemble all of our semiconductor products.  Raw material shortages, natural disasters, political and social instability, service disruptions, currency fluctuations, or other circumstances in the region could force us to seek additional or alternative sources of supply or assembly.  This could lead to supply constraints or product delivery delays.




Our failure to protect our proprietary rights, or the costs of protecting these rights, may harm our ability to compete.




Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain patents and licenses and to preserve other intellectual property rights covering our products and development and testing tools. To that end, we have obtained certain domestic and foreign patents and intend to continue to seek patents on our inventions when appropriate. The process of seeking patent protection can be time consuming and expensive. We cannot ensure the following:




•
that patents will be issued from currently pending or future applications;


•
that our existing patents or any new patents will be sufficient in scope or strength to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us;


•
that foreign intellectual property laws will protect our foreign intellectual property rights; and


•
that others will not independently develop similar products, duplicate our products or design around any patents issued to us.




Intellectual property rights are uncertain and adjudication of such rights involves complex legal and factual questions. We may be unknowingly infringing on the proprietary rights of others and may be liable for that infringement, which could result in significant liability for us. We occasionally receive correspondence from third parties alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights. If we are found to infringe the proprietary rights of others, we could be forced to either seek a license to the intellectual property rights of others or alter our products so that they no longer infringe the proprietary rights of others. A license could be very expensive to obtain or may not be available at all. Similarly, changing our products or processes to avoid infringing the rights of others may be costly or
impractical.




We are responsible for any patent litigation costs. If we were to become involved in a dispute regarding intellectual property, whether ours or that of another company, we may have to participate in legal proceedings in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or in the United States or foreign courts to determine any or all of the following issues: patent validity, patent infringement, patent ownership or inventorship. These types of proceedings may be costly and time consuming for us, even if we eventually prevail. If we do not prevail, we might be forced to pay significant damages, obtain a license, if available, or stop making a certain product. From time to time we may prosecute patent litigation against others and as part of such litigation, other parties may allege that our patents are not infringed,
are invalid and are unenforceable.


21




We also rely on trade secrets, proprietary know-how and confidentiality provisions in agreements with employees and consultants to protect our intellectual property. Such parties may not comply with the terms of their agreements with us, and we may not be able to adequately enforce our rights against these parties.




The loss of key management could affect our ability to run our business.




Our success depends largely upon the continued service of our executive officers and technical personnel and on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate other qualified personnel.   As the source of our technological and product innovations, our key technical personnel represent a significant asset. The competition for such personnel can be intense in the semiconductor industry. We may also have a particularly hard time attracting and retaining key personnel during periods of poor performance and during this period following our most recent restructuring.




Our business could be harmed if we fail to integrate future acquisitions adequately.




During the past five years, we have acquired three companies, one based in the United States and two in Israel.




Our management must devote time and resources to the integration of the operations of any future acquisitions. The process of integrating research and development initiatives, computer and accounting systems and other aspects of the operations of any future acquisitions presents a significant challenge to our management. This is compounded by the challenge of simultaneously managing a larger and more geographically dispersed entity.




Future acquisitions could present a number of additional difficulties of integration, including:




•
difficulties in integrating personnel with disparate business backgrounds and cultures;




•
difficulties in defining and executing a comprehensive product strategy; and




•
difficulties in minimizing the loss of key employees of the acquired company.




If we delay integrating or fail to integrate operations or experience other unforeseen difficulties, the integration process may require a disproportionate amount of our management’s attention and financial and other resources. Our failure to address these difficulties adequately could harm our business or financial results, and we could fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the transaction.




We have in the past, as a result of industry conditions, later discontinued or abandoned certain product lines acquired through prior acquisitions.




We may engage in acquisitions that may harm our operating results, dilute our stockholders and cause us to incur debt or assume contingent liabilities.




We may pursue acquisitions from time to time that could provide new technologies, skills, products or service offerings. Future acquisitions by us may involve the following:




•
use of significant amounts of cash and cash equivalents;


•
potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities; and


•
incurrence of debt or amortization expenses related to intangible assets with definitive lives.




In addition, acquisitions involve numerous other risks, including:




•
diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;




•
risks of entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; and




•
unanticipated expenses and operational disruptions while acquiring and integrating new acquisitions.




From time to time, we have engaged in discussions with third parties concerning potential acquisitions of product lines, technologies and businesses. We currently have no commitments or agreements with respect to any such acquisition. If such an acquisition does occur, we cannot be certain that our business, operating results and financial condition will not be materially adversely affected or that we will realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.


22




We could be subject to class action litigation due to stock price volatility, which if it occurs, will distract our management and could result in substantial costs or large judgments against us.




In the past, securities and class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of their securities. We may be the target of similar litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could cause serious harm to our business, operating results and financial condition or dilution to our stockholders.




Provisions of our certificate of incorporation, by-laws, stockholder rights plan and Delaware law may discourage takeover offers and may limit the price investors would be willing to pay for our common stock.




Delaware corporate law contains, and our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and shareholder rights plan contain, certain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our Company even if a change of control would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Certain of these provisions:




•
authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock (preferred stock which our Board of Directors can create and issue without prior stockholder approval) with rights senior to those of common stock;




•
prohibit stockholder action by written consent;




•
establish advance notice requirements for submitting nominations for election to the Board of Directors and for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at a meeting; and




•
dilute stockholders who acquire more than 15% of our common stock.




Natural disasters or acts of terrorism affecting our locations, or those of our suppliers, in the United States or internationally may negatively impact our business.




We operate our businesses in the United States and internationally, including the operation of a design center in India, and sales, design and engineering operations in Israel.  Some of the countries in which we operate or in which our customers are located have in the past been subject to terrorist acts and could continue to be subject to acts of terrorism.  In addition, some of these areas may be subject to natural disasters, such as earthquakes or floods.  If our facilities, or those of our suppliers or customers, are affected by a natural disaster or terrorist act, our employees could be injured and those facilities damaged, which could lead to loss of skill sets and affect the development or fabrication of our products, which could lead to lower short and long-term revenues. In
addition, natural disasters or terrorist acts in the areas in which we operate or in which our customers or suppliers operate could lead to delays or loss of business opportunities, as well as changes in security and operations at those locations, which could increase our operating costs.





Our ability to sublease excess office space may adversely affect our future cash outflows.





We have outstanding operating lease commitments of approximately $22.7 million, payable over the next seven years. Some of these commitments are for space that is not being utilized and, for which, we recorded restructuring charges in prior periods. We are in the process of trying to sublease additional excess space but it is unlikely that any sublease income generated will offset the entire future commitment. As of December 31, 2010, we have sublease agreements totaling approximately $8.8 million to rent portions of our excess facilities over the next four years. We currently believe that we can fund these lease commitments in the future; however, there can be no assurances that we will not be
required to seek additional capital or provide additional guarantees or collateral on these obligations.


23




Of the office space being leased in our Shelton, Connecticut location, as of December 31, 2010 approximately 124,435 square feet is considered excess, the majority of which we have taken restructuring charges for in prior years. Substantially all of this space is currently being sublet, but not for the full term that we are committed to under our lease agreements. If we are unable to re-lease this space, at similar rates, our future cash outflows would be adversely affected.




Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments




Not applicable.


24




Item 2.   Properties




Our headquarters is located in a suburban office park in Shelton, Connecticut. We have additional sales offices and design centers located throughout the world.The following is a summary of our material offices and locations for which we have lease commitments:




Location

Business Use

Square

Footage

Lease

Expiration DatesShelton, Connecticut

Corporation Headquarters, Product Development, Operations, Sales, Marketing and Administration

12,461

November 2012Herzeliya, Israel

Product Development, Sales & Service

9,688

Less than 1 YearNew Delhi, India

Product Development

16,804

January 2015Fremont, California

Product Development, Sales, Marketing and Administration

11,222

January 31, 2014Bangalore, India

Product Development

12,378

February 2014Excess property:Shelton, Connecticut

Available for Lease

124,435

November 2012—April 2017




Internationally, we lease space in Japan, China, Taiwan, France and South Korea for sales offices. Our current facilities are adequate for our needs.




Refer to Note 18—Commitments and Contingencies of our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures regarding our commitments under lease obligations.Also, refer to Note 17—Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges in our Consolidated Financial Statements regarding our restructuring charges during fiscal years 2008 through 2010 as we have recorded charges for future rent payments relating to excess office space.




Item 3.Legal Proceedings




We are not party to any material litigation proceedings.




From time to time, we may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of our operations.




Item 4.    Reserved


25




PART II




Item 5.     Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities




Our common stock is traded under the symbol “TXCC” on The Nasdaq Capital Market.The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low closing prices for our common stock. The closing prices indicated reflect the 1 for 8 reverse stock split that was effected on November 23, 2009.




High


LowQuarter to dateFirst Quarter (through March 14, 2011)

$
2.85


$
2.00Year ended December 31, 2010First Quarter

$
3.34


$
1.52Second Quarter

$
2.95


$
2.10Third Quarter

$
3.07


$
2.09Fourth Quarter

$
2.73


$
1.98Year ended December 31, 2009First Quarter

$
4.00


$
1.60Second Quarter

$
4.16


$
2.40Third Quarter

$
6.00


$
3.36Fourth Quarter

$
5.68


$
1.66




As of March 2, 2011, there were approximately 141 holders of record and approximately 14,112 beneficial shareholders of our common stock.




We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock.We currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividend in the foreseeable future.Any future declaration and payment of dividends will be subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors, will be subject to applicable law and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, financial condition, contractual limitations, cash requirements, future prospects and any other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.




We also have securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans. The following table provides information as of December 31, 2010 with respect to shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans, including our 1995 Fourth Amended and Restated Stock Plan (the “1995 Plan”), our 2000 Stock Option Plan (the “2000 Plan”), the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”), the 1995 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (the “Non-Employee Director Plan”), the 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”) and the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan of Onex Communications Corporation (the “Onex Plan”). As of May 22, 2008, no shares are available for grant under our 1995 Plan or 2000 Plan. No
shares are available under the Non-Employee Director Plan or the Onex Plan either.




Plan Category

Number of

Securities to be

Issued upon

Exercise of

Outstanding

Options, Warrants

and Rights


Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

of Outstanding

Options,

Warrants and

Rights


Number of Securities

Remaining Available

for

Future Issuance

Under

Equity

Compensation

Plans (excluding

Securities reflected

in Column (a))(a)


(b)


(c)Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Stockholders (1)


3,390,372
(3)(4)

$
5.19
(3)


1,658,116Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Stockholders (2)


264,381


$
10.75



-Total


3,654,753


$
5.59



1,658,116




(1)
Consists of the 1995 Plan, the 2008 Plan, and the Purchase Plan.


26





(2)
Consists of the 2000 Plan and shares subject to outstanding options granted under equity compensation plans assumed by us in connection with   mergers and acquisitions of the companies which originally granted those options. No additional options may be granted under the assumed plans.


(3)
Excludes purchase rights accruing under the Purchase Plan which has a stockholder-approved reserve of 125,000 shares. Under the Purchase Plan, each eligible employee is able to purchase up to 2,000 shares of our common stock at semi-annual intervals each year at a purchase price per share equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of our common stock on the first or last trading day of a purchase period.


(4)
Includes restricted stock units of 1,496,868. These awards have no strike price and are issued from our 2008 Plan.





Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Stockholders





2000 Stock Option Plan. The purpose of the 2000 Plan adopted by our Board of Directors on July 14, 2000 and amended on December 21, 2001, was to promote our long-term success, by providing financial incentives to employees and consultants of the Company who are in positions to make significant contributions toward such success except that no member of our Board of Directors or officer of the Company appointed by the Board of Directors shall be eligible for grants of options under the 2000 Plan. The 2000 Plan is designed to attract individuals of outstanding ability to become or to continue as employees or consultants, to enable such individuals to acquire or increase proprietary
through the ownership of shares of our Common Stock, and to render superior performance during their associations with us, by providing opportunities to participate in the ownership of our future growth through the granting of NQSOs. The 2000 Plan is administered by our Board of Directors or, at its option, a committee appointed by our Board of Directors. A total of 1,250,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2000 Plan. In April 2008, our Board of Directors determined that no further awards would be made under this plan and that all remaining 303,379 shares available for issuance under the 2000 Plan that are not subject to outstanding stock option awards will be eligible for issuance under the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan.




1999 Stock Incentive Plan of Onex Communications Corporation. The purpose of the Onex Plan was to advance the interests of the shareholders by enhancing the Onex Communications Corporation’s ability to attract, retain and motivate persons who make (or are expected to make) important contributions to Onex Communications Corporation by providing those persons with opportunities for equity ownership and performance-based incentives and thereby to better align the interests of those persons with those of the shareholders. All of Onex Communications Corporation’s employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors were eligible to be granted options, restricted, stock, or other stock-based awards under the Onex Plan. We assumed
the Onex Plan in connection with our acquisition of Onex Communications Corporation in 2001. No additional awards may be granted under the Onex Plan.




Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities




On February 13, 2008, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $10 million of our outstanding common stock.  The share repurchase program authorizes the repurchase of shares through February 2010, from time to time, through transactions in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.  The number of shares to be purchased and the timing of the purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors.  The stock repurchase program does not require us to repurchase any specific dollar value or number of shares, and we may terminate the repurchase program at any time.




During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, we did not repurchase any shares.


27




Item 6.    Selected Financial Data




The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” appearing in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.The selected consolidated statements of operations data as well as the selected consolidated balance sheets data presented below are derived from our consolidated financial statements.




Years ended December 31,2010


2009


2008


2007


2006(Amounts presented in thousands, except per share amounts)Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:Net revenues

$
49,822


$
56,107


$
41,934


$
32,565


$
38,920Gross profit


27,798



31,484



23,894



20,171



28,174Operating loss


(3,439
)


(9,720
)


(19,774
)


(18,800
)


(11,136
)Net loss (1)

$
(4,609
)

$
(11,531
)

$
(17,046
)

$
(19,712
)

$
(10,856
)Basic and diluted net loss per common share

$
(0.21
)

$
(0.58
)

$
(0.99
)

$
(1.19
)

$
(0.70
)Shares used in calculation of basic and diluted net loss per common share


22,162



19,938



17,260



16,566



15,600




December 31,2010


2009


2008


2007


2006Selected Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments

$
7,835


$
5,075


$
15,284


$
34,098


$
57,723Total current assets


20,386



23,224



35,179



45,527



68,236Working capital


1,617



(2,706
)


8,708



36,867



30,323Total non-current assets


25,432



29,732



43,248



22,060



14,420Total assets


45,818



52,956



78,427



67,587



82,656Convertible Notes due within one year, net of discount


3,758



5,004



—



—



28,811Derivative liability, current


—



—



—



—



980Total current liabilities


18,769



25,930



26,471



8,660



37,9135.45% Convertible Notes due 2010, long-term


—



—



10,013



25,013



—5.45% Convertible Notes due 2011, long-term


—



3,758



—



—



—Total non-current liabilities


10,317



14,351



29,677



45,259



20,689Total stockholders’ equity


16,732



12,675



22,279



13,668



24,054




(1)
The reported net loss for 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006 reflects stock-based compensation expenses of $2.4 million, $1.3 million, $1.5 million, $2.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively.


28




Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations




Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (MD&A) is provided to supplement the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes in Item 8 to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and results of operations. MD&A is organized as follows:




Caution concerning forward-looking statements.    This section discusses how certain forward-looking statements made by us throughout the MD&A are based on management’s present expectations about future events and are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in circumstances.




Overview.    This section provides a general description of our business.





Critical accounting policies and use of estimates.    This section discusses those accounting policies that are both considered important to our financial condition and operating results and require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application.




Results of operations.    This section provides an analysis of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. In addition, a brief description is provided of transactions and events that impact the comparability of the results.




Liquidity and capital resources.    This section provides an analysis of our cash position and cash flows, as well as a discussion of our financing arrangements. In this section, we also summarize related party transactions and recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted by us.




CAUTION CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS




Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this report, the words, “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “expect” and similar expressions as they relate to us are included to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of factors, including those set forth under “Item 1A Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. You should read this discussion in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this report.




OVERVIEW




TranSwitch designs, develops and supplies innovative semiconductor and intellectual property (IP) solutions that provide core functionality for voice, data and video communications equipment for network, enterprise and customer premises applications.   We provide integrated multi-core network processor System-on-a-Chip (SoC) solutions and software solutions for Fixed, 3G and 4G Mobile, VoIP and Multimedia Infrastructures.  For the customer premises market we offer a family of communications processors that provide best-in-class performance for a range of applications and  also provide interoperable connectivity solutions that enable the distribution and presentation of high-definition (HD) content for consumer electronics, and personal
computer  markets.  Our intellectual property (IP) products are compliant with global industry standards such as HDMI and DisplayPort and also feature our proprietary HDPTM and AnyCableTM technologies. Overall, we have over 100 active customers, including the leading global telecom equipment providers, semiconductor and consumer product companies.




TranSwitch is a Delaware corporation incorporated on April 26, 1988. Our common stock trades on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “TXCC.”




Our products and services are compliant with relevant communications network standards.  We offer several products that combine multi-protocol capabilities on a single chip, enabling our customers to develop network equipment for triple play (voice, data and video) applications. A key attribute of our products is their inherent flexibility. Many of our products incorporate embedded programmable micro-processors, enabling us to rapidly accommodate new customer requirements or evolving network standards by modifying the functionality of the device via software instructions.




We bring value to our customers through our communications systems expertise, very large scale integration (“VLSI”) design skills and commitment to excellence in customer support. Our emphasis on technical innovation results in defining and developing products that permit our customers to achieve faster time-to-market and to develop communications systems that offer a host of benefits such as greater functionality, improved performance, lower power dissipation, reduced system size and cost, and greater reliability for their customers.


29




Our revenues were $49.8 million in 2010, $56.1 million in 2009 and $41.9 million in 2008. During 2009 we completed our integration of our acquisition of Centillium and further diversified our product portfolio to include Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) and VoIP solutions. The combination strengthens our leadership position in the next-generation communications semiconductor market. The combined companies have greater scale, a significantly improved expense structure and a truly global reach. In addition to growing our revenue streams, we are focusing on improving our gross margin both by reducing costs on lower margin products and working to increase sales of higher margin products.




We continued our move toward profitability by reducing our operating loss as compared to 2009 and 2008 both in dollar amount and as a percentage of revenue. This was achieved through strict cost control measures and the implementation of restructuring plans during 2009 and 2010. Also, during 2010 we reduced our notes payable from $8.8 million as of December 31, 2009 to $3.8 million as of December 31, 2010.




During the year ended December 31, 2010, we raised approximately $1.7 million in net proceeds from the sale of 900,000 shares of our common stock at an average price of $2.01 to a limited partnership and raised $4.6 million in net proceeds by issuing 2,117,236 shares of our common stock, at $2.40 per share through a Rights Offering (see Note 16 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements).




We also entered into a credit facility agreement with Bridge Bank N.A., a subsidiary of Bridge Capital Holdings on March 12, 2010. The facility is for up to $5.0 million with availability determined by our outstanding eligible accounts receivable. The line bore interest at the lender’s prime rate plus 2.5 percent and required other facility fees. We have not borrowed against this facility as of the date of this report. The credit facility matured on March 12, 2011 and we are currently under discussions with Bridge Bank to renew this credit facility.





CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES




Our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, which are prepared to conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses during the period reported. We are also required to disclose amounts of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Our actual results in future periods could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary.




We consider the most critical accounting policies and uses of estimates in our consolidated financial statements to be those relating to:




(1) recognizing net revenues, cost of revenues and gross profit;




(2) estimating allowances for doubtful accounts;




(3) estimating assumptions used in the calculation of stock-based compensation;




(4) estimating values for goodwill and long-lived assets;




(5) estimating excess inventories;




(6) estimating restructuring liabilities; and




(7) estimating values of investments in non-publicly traded companies.




These accounting policies, the bases for these estimates and their potential impact to our consolidated financial statements, should any of these estimates change, are further described as follows:




Net Revenues, Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit.    Net revenues are primarily comprised of product shipments, principally to domestic and international telecommunications and data communications OEMs and to distributors. Net revenues from product sales are recognized at the time of product shipment when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) title and risk of loss transfers to the customer; (3) the selling price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Agreements with certain distributors provide price protection and return and allowance rights. With respect to recognizing revenues from our distributors: (1) the prices are fixed at the date
of shipment from our facilities; (2) payment is not contractually or otherwise excused until the product is resold; (3) we do not have any obligations for future performance relating to the resale of the product; and (4) the amount of future returns, allowances, refunds and costs to be incurred can be reasonably estimated and are accrued at the time of shipment. Service revenues are recognized when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) we have performed a service in accordance with our contractual obligations; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.


30





At the time of shipment, we record a reduction to revenue (with a related liability) to accrue for future price protection. This liability is established based on historical experience, contractually agreed-to provisions and future shipment forecasts. Such accruals have been insignificant for the last three years.




We also accrue, at the time of shipment, a reduction to revenue (with a related liability) and an inventory asset against product cost of revenues in order to establish a provision for the gross margin related to future returns under our distributor stock rotation program. Such accruals related to reductions of revenue were $0.8 million, $0.6 million and less than $0.1 million at December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.  The accruals related to inventory assets are insignificant to our financial position and results of operations for all periods presented.  Should our actual experience differ from our estimated liabilities, there could be adjustments (either favorable or unfavorable) to our net revenues, cost of revenues and gross profits.




We warranty our products for up to one year from the date of shipment. Warranty expense is insignificant to all periods presented.





We license connectivity solutions, including HDMI, DisplayPort and Ethernet IP Cores.  Revenues from licensing arrangements generally consist of multiple elements such as license, implementation and maintenance services. The items (deliverables) included in the arrangements are evaluated to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting. We perform this evaluation at the inception of an arrangement and as we deliver each item in the arrangement.





Generally, we account for a deliverable (or a group of deliverables) separately if (1) the delivered item(s) has standalone value to the customer, (2) there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered items included in the arrangement, and (3) if we have given the customer a general right of return relative to the delivered items, delivery or performance of the undelivered items or services are probable and substantially in our control.




We also recognize revenue from royalties upon notification of sale by our licensees. The terms of the royalty agreements generally require licensees to give us notification and to pay royalties within 45 days of the end of the quarter during which the sales by the licensees take place.




Estimated Allowances for Doubtful Accounts.  We record allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses based upon specifically identified amounts that we believe to be uncollectible along with our assessment of the general financial condition of our customer base. If our actual collections experience changes, revisions to our allowances may be required. We have a limited number of customers with individually large amounts due at any given balance sheet date. Any unanticipated change in one of those customers’ creditworthiness or other matters affecting the collectability of amounts due from such customers could have a material effect on our results of operations in the period in which such changes or events
occur.




Stock-based Compensation. Determining the amount of stock-based compensation for awards granted includes selecting an appropriate model to calculate fair value at the grant date. We have used the Black-Scholes option valuation model to value employee stock option awards. Certain inputs to this valuation model require considerable judgment. These inputs include estimating the volatility of our stock, the expected life of the option awarded and the forfeiture rate. We have estimated volatility, the expected life and the forfeiture rate based on historical data. Volatility is estimated over a term that approximates the expected life of the option awarded.




Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets.   Our goodwill is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.  We perform impairment reviews using a fair-value method and discounted cash flow models with estimated cash flows based on internal forecasts which include terminal values based on current market valuation metrics.  The fair value represents the amount at which a reporting unit could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties on an arms-length basis.  In estimating fair value, we use our common stock’s market price to determine fair value and other valuation metrics. The estimated fair
value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill.  In addition, we perform discounted cash flow analysis on the entity to determine fair value.  We are subject to financial statement risk to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value.




There was no impairment for goodwill or long-lived assets during 2010. During the fourth quarter of 2009, impairment testing we performed indicated that the estimated fair values of two reporting units tested were less than their corresponding carrying amounts. As a result of the analyses performed, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $10.1 million. The impaired goodwill related to business acquisitions in 2007 and 2006.


31




Indefinite lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment testing, as well.  On an annual basis, the fair value of the indefinite lived assets is evaluated by us to determine if an impairment charge is required. We have only nominal amounts of indefinite lived assets.




We review long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.  If such indicators are present, we perform undiscounted operating cash flow analyses to determine if impairment exists.  If impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value.




A considerable amount of management judgment and assumptions are required in performing impairment tests.  While we believe that our judgments and assumptions were reasonable, different assumptions could change the estimated fair values and, therefore, additional impairment charges could be required.




Estimated Excess Inventories.    We periodically review our inventory levels to determine if inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The telecommunications and data communications industries have experienced a significant downturn during the past few years and, as a result, we have had to evaluate our inventory position based on known backlog of orders, projected sales and marketing forecasts, shipment activity and inventory held at our significant distributors.  We recorded charges for excess and obsolete inventories totaling approximately $0.8 million in 2010, $0.7 million in 2009 and $0.3 million in 2008.




During 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recorded net product revenues of approximately $1.2 million, $3.0 million and $4.8 million, respectively, on shipments of excess and obsolete inventory that had previously been written down to their estimated net realizable value of zero. This resulted in almost 100% gross margin on these product revenues. Had these products been sold at our historical average cost basis, gross margin on these revenues would have been 58%, 51% and 64% in 2010, 2009 and 2008 respectively. We currently do not anticipate that a significant amount of the excess and obsolete inventories subject to the write-downs described above will be used in the future based upon our current demand forecast. Should our actual future demand exceed the estimates that we used in writing down our excess and obsolete
inventories, we will recognize a favorable impact to cost of revenues and gross profits. Should demand fall below our current expectations, we may record additional inventory write-downs which will result in a negative impact to cost of revenues and gross profits.




Estimated Restructuring Liabilities.    During 2010, we recorded a net restructuring charge of approximately $0.4 million.  We implemented a restructuring plan in the first quarter of 2010 that included a workforce reduction of approximately 17 positions in our Shelton, Connecticut, Fremont, California, New Delhi, India and Bangalore, India locations.  The restructuring charges are primarily for employee termination benefits.  All of the related cash expenditures were paid during 2010.  During 2009, we recorded net restructuring credits of $6.3 million related to new sublease agreements we entered into during 2009 for unused space in our Shelton, Connecticut location which were
partially offset by charges related to workforce reductions and other restructuring adjustments. During 2008, we recorded restructuring charges and asset impairments totaling $3.8 million related to employee termination benefits and costs to exit certain facilities, net of sub-lease benefits. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the restructuring liabilities were $11.2 million and $12.4 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. Restructuring liabilities at December 31, 2010 include approximately $11.2 million of liabilities for facility lease costs (Refer to Note 17 – Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). These facility operating leases expire in 2017. The future cash outlays for all of our operating lease commitments are discussed in Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.  Certain assumptions are used by us to derive this estimate, including future maintenance costs, price
escalation and sublease income derived from these facilities. Should we negotiate additional sublease rental income agreements or reach a settlement with our lessors to be released from our existing obligations, we could realize a favorable benefit to our results of future operations. Should future lease, maintenance or other costs related to these facilities exceed our estimates, we could incur additional expenses in future periods.


32




Valuation of Investments in Non-Publicly Traded Companies.     We have been making strategic equity investments in non-publicly traded companies that develop technologies that are complementary to our product road map. Depending on our level of ownership and whether or not we have the ability to exercise significant influence, we account for these investments on either the cost or equity method, and review such investments periodically for impairment. The appropriate reductions in carrying values are recorded when, and if, necessary. The process of assessing whether a particular investment’s net realizable value is less than its carrying cost requires a
significant amount of judgment. In making this judgment, we carefully consider the investee’s cash position, projected cash flows (both short and long-term), financing needs, most recent valuation data, the current investing environment, management / ownership changes, and competition. This evaluation process is based on information that we request from these privately held companies. This information is not subject to the same disclosure and audit requirements as the reports required of U.S. public companies, and as such, the reliability and accuracy of the data may vary. Based on our evaluations, we recorded impairment charges related to our investments in non-publicly traded companies of zero, less than $0.1 million and zero during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Also, during the first quarter of 2010, we sold our investment in Opulan Technologies Corp. (“Opulan”) for $2.7 million.  The carrying value of this investment in Opulan was also $2.7 million and
accordingly no gain or loss was recorded on this transaction.  The total investment in non-public companies was $0.3 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. (For further discussion, please refer to Note 6 Investments in Non-Publicly Traded Companies and Venture Capital Funds in our Consolidated Financial Statements). We used the modified equity method of accounting to determine the impairment loss for certain investments, as it was determined that no better current evidence of the value of our cost method investments existed and we believe that this gives us the best basis for our estimate given the historic negative cash flows of these companies. The modified equity method of accounting results in recording an impairment loss on a cost method investment equal to the investor’s proportionate share of the investee’s losses as its contributed capital is consumed to fund operating losses of the investee from the inception of the
investor’s investment.




RESULTS OF OPERATIONS




The results of operations that follow should be read in conjunction with our critical accounting policies and estimates summarized above as well as our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in Item 8 of this report. The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of operations data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated.




Years ended December 31,2010


2009


2008Net revenues:Product revenues


84
%


90
%


95
%Service revenues


16
%


10
%


5
%Total net revenues


100
%


100
%


100
%Cost of revenues:Product cost of revenues


36
%


38
%


40
%Provision for excess and obsolete inventories


2
%


1
%


1
%Service cost of revenues


6
%


5
%


2
%Total cost of revenues


44
%


44
%


43
%Gross profit


56
%


56
%


57
%Operating expenses:Research and development


32
%


34
%


58
%Marketing and sales


16
%


19
%


21
%General and administrative


15
%


14
%


16
%Restructuring charge and asset impairment, net


1
%


6
%


9
%Reversal of accrued royalties, net


(1
)%


0
%


0
%Total operating expenses


63
%


73
%


104
%Operating loss


(7
) %


(17
) %


(47
)%


33




Comparison of Fiscal Years 2010 and 2009




Net Revenues. We have two product line categories: Network Infrastructure and Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). Our Network Infrastructure product lines include our Optical Transport, Carrier Ethernet and Media Gateway using VoIP Technology and Broadband Access product lines. The Optical Transport products are incorporated into OEM systems that improve the efficiency of fiber optic networks for packetized data traffic, thereby increasing the overall network capacity. Our Media Gateway/VoIP products provide Voice-over-IP and other packet processing functionality in a variety of equipment types deployed in wireless and wire-line carrier networks as well as in enterprise networks.  These equipment types include large
capacity media gateways in the core of the network, small-medium capacity access gateways in the ‘last-mile’ section of the network and customer premise equipment for business and residential subscribers. The Broadband Access product line is incorporated into equipment that provides high speed connections to subscribers using fiber (FTTx) or DSL technology, enabling telecommunications service providers to support next generation voice, data and video services. The Carrier Ethernet product line facilitates the transition of existing networks-based legacy voice oriented technologies to Ethernet technology which is more suitable and efficient for supporting next generation converged video, data and voice services. Our CPE product line category includes Multi-Service Communications Processors used in broadband modems or to be added as part of a small office, home office, or SOHO, network and HDMI, DisplayPort and Ethernet IP Cores which have been incorporated into a number of
consumer electronics and PC appliances.




The following table summarizes our net revenue mix by product line category:




(Tabular dollars in thousands)

Year Ended

December 31, 2010


Year Ended

December 31, 2009Revenues


Percent of

Total

Revenues


Revenues


Percent of

Total

Revenues


Percentage

Increase

(Decrease) in

RevenuesNetwork Infrastructure

$
32,095



64
%

$
34,988



62
%


(8
)%Customer Premises Equipment


17,727



36
%


21,119



38
%


(16
)%Total

$
49,822



100
%

$
56,107



100
%


(11
)%




Total net revenues in 2010 were $49.8 million as compared to $56.1 million in 2009, a decrease of $6.3 million or 11%.  Our Network Infrastructure revenues decrease of approximately 8% was a result of lower sales of our L3M, CUBIT-3D, TEMx28, ASPEN Express and Entropia products due to reduced telecom infrastructure capital expenditures in the second half of 2010. This was partially offset by increased sales of our EtherMap family (Carrier Ethernet products), our ENVOY CE4 and our ASIC products.  Our CPE revenues decrease of approximately 16% was attributable to decreased sales of our Atlanta products (VOIP communication processors) and the ramping down of our Mustang (gigabit Ethernet passive optical) product line.  This reduction was partially offset by increased sales from our
HDMI products along with increased service revenues which include IP licensing of our high speed interface technology.




For 2010 and 2009 international net revenues were approximately 75% and 70%, respectively, of net revenues.




As of December 31, 2010 our backlog was $7.5 million, as compared to $11.3 million as of December 31, 2009. Backlog represents firm orders anticipated to be shipped, and service revenue expected to be billed under existing contracts, during the next 12 months. Our business and, to a large extent, that of the entire communication semiconductor industry, is characterized by short-term order and shipment schedules. Since orders constituting our current backlog are subject to changes in delivery schedules or to cancellation at the option of the purchaser without significant penalty, backlog is not necessarily indicative of future revenues.




Gross Profit. Gross profit was $27.8 million and $31.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Gross profit decreased by approximately $3.7 million for 2010 as compared to 2009 while the gross profit as a percentage of revenue was the same 56% in 2010 as it was in 2009.  The decrease in gross profit is the result of decreased product sales partially offset by increased service revenues.


34




During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, gross profit was affected favorably in the amount of $0.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively, from the sales of products that had previously been written down to a cost basis of zero. Also during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, we recorded provisions for excess and obsolete inventories in the amount of $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively. These charges had a negative impact on our gross profit.




We anticipate that gross profit will continue to be impacted by fluctuations in the volume and mix of our product shipments as well as material costs, yield and the fixed cost absorption of our production operations.




Research and Development.    Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in research, design and development activities, costs related to electronic design automation tools, subcontracting and fabrication costs, depreciation and amortization and facilities expenses. Research and development expenses for 2010 were $16.0 million which decreased $3.1 million, or 16% as compared to the prior year. This decrease was a result of decreased fabrication costs, decreased depreciation, decreased software tool costs and decreases in salaries and employee related costs as a result of workforce reductions, salary reductions and other cost cutting measures that were
implemented in 2009 and the first quarter of 2010.  During 2010, expenses were also reduced by approximately $0.4 million for the reversal of a sales tax accrual for a long outstanding tax issue which was recently adjudicated in our favor. The matter related to a manufacturing exemption from sales tax which we claimed.  All of these expense reductions were partially offset by increased subcontracting costs as a result of our investment in our high-speed interface product line.




Marketing and Sales.    Marketing and sales expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, trade shows, travel expenses and facilities expenses. Marketing and sales expenses for 2010 were $7.8 million which decreased $2.6 million, or 25% as compared to the prior year. This decrease was a result of lower salaries and employee related expenses and salary reductions associated with the cost cutting measures that were implemented in 2009 and the first quarter of 2010 and lower commissions due to a decrease in revenues.




General and Administrative.   General and administrative (G&A) expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, professional and legal fees, and facilities expenses.G&A expenses were $7.5 million in 2010, a decrease of approximately $0.5 million or 7% compared to the prior year.  This decrease was a result of lower employee related expenses, salary reductions and decreased professional fees associated with the cost cutting measures that were implemented in 2009 and the first quarter of 2010 partially offset by increased stock compensation expenses.




Restructuring Charges (Credits), net.   During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, we recorded net restructuring charges of approximately $0.4 million and net restructuring credits of $6.3 million, respectively. Information on restructuring charges and credits for each of the last two years is located in Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.




Impairment of Goodwill.For 2010 and 2009, we recorded goodwill impairment charges of zero and $10.1 million, respectively. Information on the impairment of goodwill recorded during 2009 is located in Note 1 and Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.




Interest Expense net.Interest expense, net was approximately $0.6 million in 2010, a decrease of $0.1 million as compared to 2009.





Interest expense decreased from $0.8 million in 2009 to $0.7 million in 2010 due to lower debt balances resulting from the principal payments made on our 2011 Notes. The interest payments on our debt balances were $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. In 2011, the interest payments on our debt balances are expected to be $0.1 million.




Interest income was $0.1 million in both years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.  Interest income may fluctuate in the future as a result of changes in market yields due to interest rate fluctuations and changes in our cash and investment balances. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the effective interest rates on our interest-bearing securities were approximately 1.36% and 0.43%, respectively.




Other Income (Expense).   For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had other income of $0.4 million and other expense of $0.8 million, respectively. The other income and expense was primarily due to both realized and unrealized exchange rate gains and losses which are recorded for the translation of our intercompany loan balances with our wholly owned subsidiaries.


35




Income Tax Expense.  Our income tax expense of $1.0 million in 2010 and $0.4 million in 2009 is applicable to the operating results of certain of our foreign subsidiaries, principally India.  We have incurred significant taxable losses for U.S. federal and state purposes. We have not recognized any income tax benefits on those losses because their realization is uncertain.




Comparison of Fiscal Years 2009 and 2008




Net Revenues. We have two product line categories: Network Infrastructure and Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). Our Network Infrastructure product lines include our Optical Transport, Carrier Ethernet and Media Gateway using VoIP Technology and Broadband Access product lines.




The following table summarizes our net revenue mix by product line category:




(Tabular dollars in thousands)

Year Ended

December 31, 2009


Year Ended

December 31, 2008Revenues


Percent of

Total

Revenues


Revenues


Percent of

Total

Revenues


Percentage

Increase

(Decrease) in

RevenuesNetwork Infrastructure

$
34,988



62
%

$
34,932



83
%


—Customer Premises Equipment


21,119



38
%


7,002



17
%


202
%Total

$
56,107



100
%

$
41,934



100
%


34
%




Total net revenues in 2009 were $56.1 million as compared to $41.9 million in 2008, an increase of $14.2 million or 34%.  Our product revenues for 2009 were $50.7 million, a 27% increase compared to 2008 and our service revenues which consist of design services performed for third parties on a contract basis and HDMI and technology licenses were $5.4 million, a 180% increase compared to 2008. The increase in net revenue for 2009 compared to 2008 includes approximately $21.9 million of increased sales as a result of the acquisition of Centillium in the fourth quarter of 2008.  This was partially offset by decreased revenues from some of our legacy products and our non-telecommunications ASIC products.




Our 2009 Network Infrastructure revenues of approximately $35.0 million were flat with 2008 revenues. These 2009 revenues included increased sales of our Entropia products which were offset by decreased sales of our non-telecommunications ASIC products and our E1Mx21 product. Our 2009 CPE revenues were approximately $21.1 million, a $14.1 million increase as compared to 2008 revenues. This increase was attributable to increased sales from our Atlanta and Mustang products.




For 2009 and 2008 international net revenues were approximately 70% and 85%, respectively, of net revenues.




As of December 31, 2009 our backlog was $11.3 million, as compared to $8.3 million as of December 31, 2008. Backlog represents firm orders anticipated to be shipped, and service revenue expected to be billed under existing contracts, during the next 12 months. Our business and, to a large extent, that of the entire communication semiconductor industry, is characterized by short-term order and shipment schedules. Since orders constituting our current backlog are subject to changes in delivery schedules or to cancellation at the option of the purchaser without significant penalty, backlog is not necessarily indicative of future revenues.




Gross Profit. Gross profit was $31.5 million and $23.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Gross profit increased by approximately $7.6 million for 2009 as compared to 2008 while the gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased by approximately 1%.  This is a result of increased revenues from our newly acquired Centillium products.




During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, gross profit was affected favorably in the amount of $1.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively, from the sales of products that had previously been written down to a cost basis of zero. Also during the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, we recorded provisions for excess and obsolete inventories in the amount of $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively. These charges had a negative impact on our gross profit.




We anticipate that gross profit will continue to be impacted by fluctuations in the volume and mix of our product shipments as well as material costs, yield and the fixed cost absorption of our production operations.


36




Research and Development.    Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in research, design and development activities, costs related to electronic design automation tools, subcontracting and fabrication costs, depreciation and amortization and facilities expenses. Research and development expenses for 2009 were $19.1 million which decreased $5.4 million, or 22% as compared to the prior year. This decrease was a result of decreased depreciation for computer chip design tools and decreases in facilities costs and salaries and employee related costs as a result of workforce reductions and other cost cutting measures that were implemented in 2008 partially
offset by increased expenses due to the acquisition of Centillium.




Marketing and Sales.    Marketing and sales expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, trade shows, travel expenses and facilities expenses. Marketing and sales expenses for 2009 were $10.4 million which increased $1.6 million, or 18% as compared to the prior year. This increase was a result of increased commissions due to increased revenues and increased salaries, amortization of purchase accounting intangibles and other expenses due to the acquisition of Centillium.  These expense increases were partially offset by decreased employee related expenses as a result of workforce reductions and other cost cutting measures that were implemented in 2008.




General and Administrative.   General and administrative (G&A) expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, professional and legal fees, and facilities expenses.G&A expenses were $8.0 million in 2009, an increase of approximately $1.4 million or 20% compared to the prior year.  The increase was a result of increased legal fees and other increased expenses due to the acquisition of Centillium.




Restructuring (Credits) Charges, net.   During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, we recorded net restructuring credits of approximately $6.3 million and net restructuring charges of $3.8 million, respectively. Information on restructuring credits and charges for each of the last two years is located in Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.




Impairment of Goodwill.For 2009 and 2008, we recorded goodwill impairment charges of $10.1 million and zero, respectively. Information on the impairment of goodwill recorded during 2009 is located in Note 1 and Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.




Change in Fair Value of the Derivative Liability.For 2009 and 2008, we recorded other expense of zero and approximately $0.3 million, respectively, to reflect the change in the fair value of the derivative liabilities.




During the first quarter of 2008 we entered into a number of foreign exchange contracts to purchase Indian rupees to fund our India operations. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we recorded other expense of approximately $0.3 million to reflect the change in the fair value of these derivative financial instruments. There were no foreign exchange contracts outstanding at December 31, 2009 or December 31, 2008.




Gain/Loss on Extinguishment of Debt.We had no gain or loss on the extinguishment of debt during 2009.  On December 24, 2008, we entered into an agreement with certain holders of our 5.45% Convertible Notes due 2010 (the “2010 Notes”) to purchase $15.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes for $9.9 million in cash, plus accrued and unpaid interest.  As a result of this transaction, we recorded a $4.5 million gain on the extinguishment of debt in 2008.




Interest Expense net.Interest expense, net was approximately $0.7 million in 2009, a decrease of $0.3 million as compared to 2008.




Interest expense decreased from $1.9 million in 2008 to $0.8 million in 2009 due to lower debt balances resulting from the extinguishment of $15.0 million of our 2010 Notes during the fourth quarter of 2008 and payments made during 2009 on our 2011 Notes of approximately $1.2 million.




Interest income decreased from $0.9 million in 2008 to $0.1 million in 2009 as a result of lower market yields due to decreased interest rates and lower cash and investment balances. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the effective interest rates on our interest-bearing securities were approximately 0.43% and 1.63%, respectively.


37




Income Tax Expense.  Our income tax expense of $0.4 million in 2009 and $0.5 million in 2008 is applicable to the operating results of certain of our foreign subsidiaries.  We have incurred significant taxable losses for U.S. federal and state purposes. We have not recognized any income tax benefits on those losses because their realization is uncertain.




LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES




As of December 31, 2010, we had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments of approximately $7.8 million compared to $5.1 million as of December 31, 2009. Further, our working capital was $1.6 million as of December 31, 2010 compared to a negative ($2.7) million as of December 31, 2009. Our primary source of liquidity during 2010 was cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, short term investments, a credit facility agreement and the sales of common stock. We have used cash in our operating activities in each of the last three years, including $0.5 million in 2010, $9.1 million in 2009 and $18.5 million in 2008. During 2010 we reduced our notes payable from $8.8 million as of December 31, 2009 to $3.8 million as of December 31,
2010.




During the year ended December 31, 2010, we raised approximately $1.7 million in net proceeds from the sale of 900,000 shares of our common stock at an average price of $2.01 to a limited partnership and raised $4.6 million in net proceeds by issuing 2,117,236 shares of our common stock, at $2.40 per share through a Rights Offering (see Note 16 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements).




Also during 2010, we sold our investment in Opulan Technologies Corp. (“Opulan”) for $2.7 million.  The carrying value of this investment in Opulan was also $2.7 million and accordingly no gain or loss was recorded on this transaction (see Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements).




We also entered into a credit facility agreement with Bridge Bank N.A., a subsidiary of Bridge Capital Holdings on March 12, 2010. The facility is for up to $5.0 million with availability determined by our outstanding eligible accounts receivable. The line bore interest at the lender’s prime rate plus 2.5 percent and required other facility fees. We have not borrowed against this facility as of the date of this report. The credit facility matured on March 12, 2011 and we are currently under discussions with Bridge Bank to renew this credit facility.




We have reduced expenses during the year ended December 31, 2010 as a result of the restructuring plans we implemented during 2009 and 2010. We currently believe that with our anticipated gross profit margins and operating expenses we can break-even on an operating income basis, excluding stock compensation costs and amortization of purchased intangibles, at the rate of sales of $11.8 million per quarter. Also, we intend to continue to assess our cost structure in relationship to our revenue levels and to make appropriate adjustments to expense levels as required. Nonetheless, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and a bank financing facility will be sufficient to fund operating activities and capital expenditures, and provide adequate working capital through at least the next twelve
months.




If our existing resources, including our bank financing facility, and cash generated from operations are insufficient to satisfy liquidity requirements, we may seek to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financings.  The sale of equity or debt securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders, could require us to pledge our intellectual property or other assets to secure the financing, or could impose restrictive covenants on us.  We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, or at all.  If we are unable to obtain this additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our planned product development and sales and marketing efforts, which could harm our business,
financial condition and operating results, and/or cause us to sell assets or otherwise restructure our business to remain viable.





Commitments and Significant Contractual Obligations




In October of 2009, we exchanged approximately $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 2010 Notes due September 30, 2010 for an equal principal amount of new 5.45% Convertible Notes due September 30, 2011 (2011 Notes). We have existing commitments to make future interest payments on the 2011 Notes and to pay principal on a monthly basis until September 2011. Over the remaining life of the outstanding 2011 Notes, we expect to pay approximately $0.1 million in interest and $3.8 million of principal.


38




We have outstanding operating lease commitments of $22.7 million, payable over the next seven years. Some of these commitments are for space that is not being utilized and, for which we recorded restructuring charges in prior years for excess facilities. We are in the process of trying to sublease additional excess space but it is unlikely that any sublease income generated will offset the entire future commitment. As of December 31, 2010, we have approximately $8.8 million in anticipated sub-lease income over the next four years relating to portions of our excess facilities. We currently believe that we can fund these lease commitments in the future. However, there can be no assurances that we will not be required to seek additional capital or provide additional guarantees or collateral on these
obligations.




A summary of our significant future contractual obligations and their payments follows (in thousands):




Payments Due by PeriodContractual Obligations

Total


2011


2012


2013


2014


2015


ThereafterInterest on convertible notes

$
86


$
86


$
—


$
—


$
—


$
—


$
—Principal on convertible notes


3,758



3,758



—



—



—



—



—Operating lease obligations


22,688



4,508



4,250



3,348



3,190



2,971



4,421Purchase obligations


5,849



4,141



1,074



634



—



—



—$
32,381


$
12,493


$
5,324


$
3,982


$
3,190


$
2,971


$
4,421




We also have pledged approximately $0.6 million as collateral for stand-by letters of credit that guarantee certain long-term property lease obligations and to support customer credit requirements. This $0.6 million is in our bank accounts and is included in our restricted cash as of December 31, 2010.




Off –Balance Sheet Arrangements




As of December 31, 2010, we had no material off-balance sheet financing arrangements.




Recent Accounting Pronouncements




Newly issued accounting pronouncements that potentially impact our financial statements are disclosed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this report.




Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk




Interest Rate Risk.  We have investments in money market accounts that earn interest income that is a function of the market rates. As a result, we have exposure to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates were to decrease by one half percentage point from their current levels, our potential interest income for 2011, assuming a constant cash balance, would decrease by less than $0.1 million.




Foreign Currency Exchange Risk.  As substantially all of our net revenues are currently made or denominated in U.S. dollars, a strengthening of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. Although we recognize our revenues in U.S. dollars, we incur expenses in currencies other than U.S. dollars. In 2010, operating expenses incurred in foreign currencies, excluding impairment of goodwill, were approximately 52% of our total operating expenses. Although we have not experienced significant foreign exchange rate losses to date, we may in the future, especially to the extent that we do not engage in hedging.  We do not enter into derivative financial
instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The economic impact of currency exchange rate movements on our operating results is complex because such changes are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. These changes, if material, may cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies. Consequently, isolating the effect of changes in currency does not incorporate these other important economic factors.




Fair Market Value of Financial Instruments.  As of December 31, 2010, our debt consisted exclusively of convertible notes due September 30, 2011 with interest at a fixed rate of 5.45%. The Company does have considerable exposure in the requirement to pay off these convertible notes between now and September 30, 2011.  There is no guarantee that the Company will have either enough cash to pay down this debt, or the ability to refinance this debt on terms acceptable to the Company.  The fair market value of our outstanding 5.45% Convertible Notes due September 30, 2011 was estimated based on current market conditions at approximately $3.8 million at December 31, 2010. Among other factors, changes in interest rates and the price
of our common stock affect the fair value of our convertible notes. Refer to critical accounting policies and use of estimates in Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information associated with our 2011 Notes.


39




Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES




INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE




PageFinancial Statements:Report of Marcum LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

41Report of UHY LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

42Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009

43Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

44Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

45Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

46Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

47Financial Statement Schedule:Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

70




40




REPORT OF MARCUM LLP, INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM





To the Audit Committee of the


Board of Directors and Shareholders


of TranSwitch Corporation




We have audited the accompanying consolidatedbalance sheet of TranSwitch Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive loss and cash flows for the year then ended. These consolidated financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audit.




We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  An audit also includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audit provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.




In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of TranSwitch Corporation, as of December 31, 2010, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule for 2010, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.




/s/ Marcum llp





Hartford, Connecticut


March 15, 2011


41




REPORT OF UHY LLP, INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM




To the Board of Directors of


TranSwitch Corporation




We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of TranSwitch Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive loss, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2009.  Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(1).  These consolidated financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.





We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.





In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of TranSwitch Corporation as of December 31, 2009, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2009, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.




/s/ UHY LLP




New Haven, Connecticut


March 16, 2010


42




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


(In Thousands, Except Share Data)





December 31,

2010


December 31,

2009ASSETSCurrent assets:Cash and cash equivalents

$
6,280


$
2,343Restricted cash


582



2,732Short-term Investments


973



-Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $336 in 2010 and $516 in 2009)


7,907



11,667Inventories


2,555



4,183Prepaid expenses and other current assets


2,089



2,299Total current assets


20,386



23,224Property and equipment, net


1,239



1,268Goodwill


14,144



14,144Other intangible assets, net


8,254



9,840Investments in non-publicly traded companies


267



2,989Other assets


1,528



1,491Total assets

$
45,818


$
52,956LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCurrent liabilities:Accounts payable

$
1,893


$
4,949Accrued expenses and other current liabilities


13,118



15,977Current portion of 5.45% Convertible Notes due 2011


3,758



5,004Total current liabilities


18,769



25,930Restructuring liabilities


10,317



10,5935.45% Convertible Notes due 2011, less current portion


-



3,758Total liabilities


29,086



40,281Commitments and contingenciesStockholders’ equity:Common stock, $.001 par value: 37,500,000 and 300,000,000 shares authorized; 23,548,608 and 20,012,521 shares issued at December 31, 2010 and  2009, respectively; 23,527,814 and 19,991,727 shares outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively


24



20Additional paid-in capital


391,689



382,935Accumulated other comprehensive income – currency translation


459



551Common stock held in treasury (20,794 shares), at cost


(118
)


(118
)Accumulated deficit


(375,322
)


(370,713
)Total stockholders’ equity


16,732



12,675Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$
45,818


$
52,956




See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


43





TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS


(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)


Years ended December 31,2010


2009


2008Net revenues:Product revenues

$
41,703


$
50,709


$
40,003Service revenues


8,119



5,398



1,931Total net revenues


49,822



56,107



41,934Cost of revenues:Cost of product revenues


17,992



21,393



16,730Provision for excess and obsolete inventories


773



678



316Cost of service revenues


3,259



2,552



994Total cost of revenues


22,024



24,623



18,040Gross profit


27,798



31,484



23,894Operating expenses:Research and development


15,994



19,132



24,568Marketing and sales


7,784



10,413



8,816General and administrative


7,479



8,038



6,678Restructuring charges (credits), net


398



(6,257
)


3,804Impairment of goodwill


—



10,075



—Reversal of accrued royalties, net


(418
)


(197
)


(198
)Total operating expenses


31,237



41,204



43,668Operating loss


(3,439
)


(9,720
)


(19,774
)Other (expense) income:Other income (expense)


426



(750
)


81Impairment of investments in non-publicly traded companies


—



(31
)


—Change in fair value of derivative liability


—



—



(347
)Gain on extinguishment of debt


—



—



4,491Interest:Interest income


84



122



934Interest expense


(704
)


(787
)


(1,941
)Interest expense, net


(620
)


(665
)


(1,007
)Total other (expense) income, net


(194
)


(1,446
)


3,218Loss before income taxes


(3,633
)


(11,166
)


(16,556
)Income taxes


976



365



490Net loss

$
(4,609
)

$
(11,531
)

$
(17,046
)Basic and diluted loss per common share:Net loss

$
(0.21
)

$
(0.58
)

$
(0.99
)Basic and diluted average common shares outstanding


22,162



19,938



17,260





See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


44




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES




CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS


(In Thousands, Except Share Data)





Common stock


Common

stockheld in


Additional

paid-in


Accumulated

other

comprehensive


AccumulatedShares


Amount


treasury


capital


income


deficit


TotalBalance at December 31, 2007


16,637,304


$
17


$
—


$
354,929


$
858


$
(342,136
)

$
13,668,Comprehensive loss:Net loss






















(17,046
)


(17,046
)Currency translation adjustment


















(822
)


—



822Total comprehensive loss


























(17,868
)Stock compensation


49,136



—



—



1,516



—



—



1,516Shares of common stock issued in connection with business acquisition


3,125,000



3



—



24,947



—



—



24,950Shares of common stock issued under stock benefit plans


22,852



—



—



131



—



—



131Repurchase of 20,794 shares of common stock


—



—



(118
)


—



—



—



(118
)Balance at December 31, 2008


19,834,292


$
20


$
(118
)

$
381,523


$
36


$
(359,182
)

$
22,279Comprehensive loss:Net loss






















(11,531
)


(11,531
)Currency translation adjustment


















515



—



515Total comprehensive loss


























(11,016
)Stock compensation


97,895



—



—



1,305



—



—



1,305Shares of common stock issued under stock benefit plans


80,586



—



—



108



—



—



108Payout of fractional shares as a result of reverse stock split


(252
)


—



—



(1
)


—



—



(1
)Balance at December 31, 2009


20,012,521


$
20


$
(118
)

$
382,935


$
551


$
(370,713
)

$
12,675Comprehensive loss:Net loss






















(4,609
)


(4,609
)Currency translation adjustment


















(92
)


—



(92
)Total comprehensive loss


























(4,701
)Stock compensation


48,800



—



—



2,358



—



—



2,358Shares of common stock issued under stock benefit plans


449,257



1



—



82



—



—



83Sales of stock, net of issuance costs


3,017,236



3



—



6,314



—



—



6,317Balance at December 31, 2010


23,527,814


$
24


$
(118
)

$
391,689


$
459


$
(375,322
)

$
16,732





See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


45




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES




CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


(In Thousands, Except Share Data)





Years ended December 31,2010


2009


2008Operating activities:Net loss

$
(4,609
)

$
(11,531
)

$
(17,046
)Adjustments required to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used by operating activities, net of effects of  acquisitions:Depreciation and amortization


2,220



2,669



4,020Amortization of deferred financing fees


245



210



569Gain on extinguishment of debt


—



—



(4,491
)Benefit for doubtful accounts


(180
)


(20
)


(87
)Provision for excess and obsolete inventories


773



678



316Non-cash restructuring charges (credits), net


409



(6,257
)


3,762Stock-based compensation expense


2,358



1,305



1,516Impairment of investments in non-publicly traded companies


—



31



—Impairment of goodwill


—



10,075



—Change in fair value of derivative liability


—



—



179Loss on retirement of property and equipment


—



—



74Accrued royalty reversals, net


(418
)


(197
)


(198
)Other non-cash items


—



26



15Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Accounts receivable


3,940



1,218



(3,452
)Inventories


855



(357
)


437Prepaid expenses and other assets


95



248



505Accounts payable


(3,056
)


709



747Accrued expenses and other current liabilities


(1,557
)


(1,247
)


(1,985
)Restructuring liabilities


(1,569
)


(6,682
)


(3,427
)Net cash used by operating activities


(494
)


(9,122
)


(18,546
)Investing activities:Capital expenditures


(587
)


(348
)


(592
)Investments in non-publicly traded companies


(24
)


(57
)


(65
)Proceeds from the sale of investments in non-publicly traded companies


2,746



—



—Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired


—



—



7,369Change in restricted cash


2,150



2,120



(2,286
)Purchases of short and long-term investments


(1,582
)


—



(10,630
)Proceeds from sales and maturities of short and long-term investments


609



2,970



8,658Net cash provided by investing activities


3,312



4,685



2,454Financing activities:Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans


83



108



131Payments to extinguish debt


—



—



(9,900
)Payments for deferred financing costs


(167
)


—



—Principal payments on 5.45% Convertible Notes due 2011


(5,004
)


(1,251
)


—Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of fees


6,317



—



—Purchase of 20,794 shares of common stock for treasury


—



—



(118
)Net cash provided (used) by financing activities


1,229



(1,143
)


(9,887
)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents


(110
)


461



(657
)Change in cash and cash equivalents


3,937



(5,119
)


(26,636
)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year


2,343



7,462



34,098Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$
6,280


$
2,343


$
7,462





See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements .


46




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES




NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)




Note 1.    Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies




Description of Business




TranSwitch Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on April 26, 1988 and is headquartered in Shelton, Connecticut. TranSwitch Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, “TranSwitch” or the “Company”) designs, develops and supplies innovative semiconductor and intellectual property (IP) solutions that provide core functionality for voice, data and video communications equipment for network, enterprise and customer premises applications.  The Company provides integrated multi-core network processor System-on-a-Chip (SoC) solutions and software solutions for Fixed, 3G and 4G Mobile, VoIP and Multimedia Infrastructures.  For the customer premises market the Company offers a family of communications processors that provide best-in-class performance for a range of
applications and  also provide interoperable connectivity solutions that enable the reliable distribution and presentation of high-definition (HD) content for consumer electronics, and personal computer  markets.  Our intellectual property (IP) products are compliant with global industry standards such as HDMI and DisplayPort and also feature our proprietary HDPTM and AnyCableTM technologies. Overall, the Company has over 100 active customers, including the leading global telecom equipment providers, semiconductor and consumer product companies.




Principles of Consolidation




The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TranSwitch Corporation and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.




Use of Estimates




The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates relate to uncollectable accounts receivable, excess or slow-moving or obsolete inventories, impairment of assets, product warranty allowances, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, sales returns and allowances, stock rotation allowances and contingencies. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of
revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary.




Liquidity




The Company has incurred significant operating losses and used cash in its operating activities for the past several years. Operating losses have resulted from inadequate sales levels for the cost structure. The Company reduced operating expenses during 2010 as a result of the restructuring plans it implemented during 2009 and 2010. The Company also announced further restructuring actions to be implemented during 2011 (see Note 21). The Company believes that with the current anticipated gross profit margins and operating expenses the Company can break-even on an operating income basis, excluding stock compensation costs and amortization of purchased intangibles, at the rate of sales of $11.8 million per quarter. Also, the Company intends to continue to
assess its cost structure in relationship to its revenue levels and to make appropriate adjustments to expense levels as required. Nonetheless, the Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents and a bank financing facility, which expired on March 12, 2011 and is currently under discussions to renew, will be sufficient to fund operating activities and capital expenditures, and provide adequate working capital through at least the next twelve months.  Of course, there can be no assurance that the anticipated sales level will be achieved or that the Company will successfully renew its bank financing facility.




Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments




All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of money market funds as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.  The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balances are maintained with a limited number of major financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents balances at institutions may, at times, be above the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limit of $0.25 million per account.


47




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES




NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)




Short-term investments as of December 31, 2010 consist of government bonds which are all due within one year. Such investments are classified as held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are those securities which the Company has both the ability and intent to hold to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost. Amortized cost and accrued interest as of December 31, 2010 approximate market value.




Fair Value of Financial Instruments




The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value. Based on current market conditions, the fair value of the outstanding 5.45% Convertible Notes due 2011 was estimated at approximately $3.8 million and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.  The fair value of investments in non-publicly traded companies is not readily determinable.




Accounts Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts




The Company records allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses based upon specifically identified amounts that it believes to be uncollectible along with the Company’s assessment of the general financial condition of its customer base. If the Company’s actual collections experience changes, revisions to its allowances may be required. The Company has a limited number of customers with individually large amounts due at any given balance sheet date. Any unanticipated change in one of those customers’ creditworthiness or other matters affecting the collectability of amounts due from such customers could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations in the period in which such changes or events occur.




Inventories




Inventories are carried at the lower of cost (determined on a weighted-average cost basis) or estimated net realizable value. The Company provides inventory allowances on obsolete inventories and inventories in excess of expected demand for each specific part. The valuation of inventories requires the use of estimates as to the amounts of current inventories that will be sold. These estimates are dependent on the Company’s assessment of current and expected orders from its customers, and orders generally are subject to cancellation with limited advance notice prior to shipment.




Product Licenses




All product licenses were fully amortized as of December 31, 2008. Prior thereto product licenses were amortized using the greater of: (1) the amount computed using the ratio of a product’s current gross revenues to the product’s total of current and estimated future gross revenues; or (2) the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, generally three to five years, not to exceed the term of the license.




Property and Equipment




Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Any gain or loss resulting from sale or retirement is included in the consolidated statement of operations. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred while renewals and betterments are capitalized.




Goodwill




Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of the business acquired.  The Company reviews goodwill for potential impairment at least annually.




Other Intangible Assets




Other intangible assets consist of purchased customer relationships and developed technology and are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Customer relationships and developed technology are being amortized by the straight line method over their estimated economic useful lives ranging from five to ten years.


48




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES




NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)




Deferred Financing Costs




Deferred financing costs are being amortized using the interest method over the term of the related debt. Unamortized deferred financing fees were $0.1 million and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Amortization, included in the consolidated statement of operations as a component of interest expense, was $0.2 million, $0.2 million, and $0.6 million for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.




Impairment of Intangibles and Long-Lived Assets




The Company reviews long-lived and intangible assets (including goodwill) for impairment at least annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. When factors indicate that a long-lived asset should be evaluated for possible impairment, an estimate of the related asset’s undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining life of the asset is made to measure whether the carrying value is recoverable. Any impairment is measured based upon the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its estimated fair value which is generally based on an estimate of future discounted cash flows. A significant amount of management judgment is used in estimating future discounted cash flows.




The Company’s impairment reviews of goodwill were performed using a fair-value method and discounted cash flow models with estimated cash flows based on internal forecasts which included terminal values based on current market valuation metrics.  The fair value represents the amount at which a reporting unit could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties on an arms-length basis.  In estimating fair value, the Company used its common stock’s market price to determine fair value and other valuation metrics. In addition, the Company performed discounted cash flow analysis on the reporting units to determine fair value.  During the fourth quarter of 2009, impairment testing performed by the Company indicated that the estimated fair values of two
reporting units tested were less than their corresponding carrying amounts. As a result of the analyses performed, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $10.1 million in 2009. The impaired goodwill related to business acquisitions in 2007 and 2006. There were no impairment charges in 2010 or 2008.




Investments in Non-Publicly Traded Companies




The Company has minority investments in certain non-publicly traded companies. Depending on the Company’s level of ownership and whether or not the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, these investments are accounted for by either the cost or equity method. All such investments as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are accounted for by the cost method.  These investments are reviewed periodically for impairment.




Revenue Recognition




Net revenues from product sales are recognized at the time of product shipment when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) ownership and risk of loss transfers to the customer; (3) the selling price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.




Agreements with certain distributors provide price protection and return and allowance rights. With respect to recognizing revenues from distributors: (1) the prices are fixed at the date of shipment from the Company’s facilities; (2) payment is not contractually or otherwise excused until the product is resold; (3) the Company does not have any obligations for future performance relating to the resale of the product; and (4) the amount of future returns, allowances, refunds and costs to be incurred can be reasonably estimated and are accrued at the time of shipment.




At the time of shipment, the Company records a reduction to revenue (with a related liability) to accrue for future price protection. This liability is established based on historical experience, contractually agreed-to provisions and future shipment forecasts. Such accruals have been insignificant for the last three years.




The Company also accrues, at the time of shipment, a reduction to revenue (with a related liability) and an inventory asset against product cost of revenues in order to establish a provision for the gross margin related to future returns under the Company’s distributor stock rotation program. Such accruals related to reductions of revenue were $0.8 million, $0.6 million and less than $0.1 million at December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.  The accruals related to inventory assets are insignificant to the Company’s financial position and results of operations for all periods presented.  Should actual experience differ from estimated liabilities, there could be adjustments (either favorable or unfavorable) to the Company’s net revenues, cost of revenues and gross
profits.


49





TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Service revenues are recognized when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) services have been performed in accordance with the contractual obligations; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.





The Company licenses connectivity solutions, including HDMI, DisplayPort and Ethernet IP Cores.  Revenues from licensing arrangements generally consist of multiple elements such as license, implementation and maintenance services. The items (deliverables) included in the arrangement are evaluated to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting. The Company performs this evaluation at the inception of an arrangement and as the Company delivers each item in the arrangement.





Generally, the Company accounts for a deliverable (or a group of deliverables) separately if (1) the delivered item(s) has standalone value to the customer, (2) there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered items included in the arrangement, and (3) if the Company has given the customer a general right of return relative to the delivered items, delivery or performance of the undelivered items or services are probable and substantially in the Company’s control.





The Company recognizes revenue from royalties upon notification of sale by its licensees. The terms of the royalty agreements generally require licensees to give notification to the Company and to pay royalties within 45 days of the end of the quarter during which the sales by its licensees take place.





Concentrations of Credit Risk





Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable.





Cash and cash equivalents are held by high-quality financial institutions, thereby reducing credit risk concentrations. In addition, the Company limits the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution.





At December 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately 53% and 57% of accounts receivable were due from five customers. The majority of the Company’s sales are to customers in the telecommunications and data communications industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral.





Customers that accounted for more than 10% of total accounts receivable at each period end follows:





December 31,

2010


December 31,

2009Customer A


16
%


*Customer B


15
%


*Customer C


*



15
%Customer D


*



14
%Customer E


*



11
%Customer F


*



11
%





* Accounts receivable due were less than 10% of the Company’s total accounts receivable.





Supplier Concentrations





The Company relies on a limited number of suppliers for wafer fabrication capacity. In 2010 one outside wafer foundry supplied approximately 80% of our semiconductor wafer requirements. Although the Company would likely be able to find alternative manufacturing sources, the Company would experience substantial delays or interruptions in the shipment of products if these suppliers were to cease operations.





50





TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Operating Leases





The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The difference between rent expense and rent paid is recorded as deferred rent and is included in accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets.





Product Warranties





The Company provides warranties on its products for up to one year from the date of shipment. A liability is recorded for estimated costs to be incurred under product warranties, which is based on various inputs including historical experience. Estimated warranty expense is recorded as cost of revenues as products are shipped.   Product warranty costs are nominal for all periods presented.




Research and Development Costs





Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.





Income Taxes





Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to the extent that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to utilize deferred income tax assets in the future.





The Company is required to make a determination of any of its tax positions (federal and state) for which the sustainability of the position, based upon the technical merits, is uncertain. The Company regularly evaluates all tax positions taken and the likelihood of those positions being sustained. If management is highly confident that the position will be allowed and there is a greater than 50% likelihood that the full amount of the tax position will be ultimately realized, the company recognizes the full benefit associated with the tax position. Additionally, interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are included as a component of income tax expense.





Stock-Based Compensation





The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for the fair value of the awards on the date granted on a straight-line basis over their vesting term.





Compensation expense is recognized only for share-based payments expected to vest. The Company estimates forfeitures at the date of grant based on the Company’s historical experience and future expectations.





As of December 31, 2010, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested option awards was $0.3 million and such amount will be recognized in operations over a weighted average period of 2.06 years.  As of December 31, 2010, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested stock awards was $2.3 million and such amount will be recognized in operations over a weighted average period of 2.45 years.





Stock compensation charged to operations was $2.4 million in 2010, $1.3 million in 2009 and $1.5 million in 2008.





Loss Per Common Share





The basic and diluted loss per common share amount is based upon the weighted average common shares outstanding during the periods. All “in-the-money” stock options and shares issuable upon the conversion of the 5.45% Convertible Notes due 2010 and the 5.45% Convertible Notes due 2011 were anti-dilutive.





51





TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Foreign Currency Translation





Substantially all foreign subsidiaries use their local currency as their functional currency. Therefore, assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates during the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Translation gains and losses related to monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency different from a subsidiary’s functional currency are included in the consolidated statements of operations.





Derivatives and Hedging Activities





Fluctuating foreign exchange rates may significantly impact the Company’s operating results and cash flows.  During 2008, the Company periodically hedged forecasted foreign currency transactions related to certain operating expenses.  All derivatives are recorded in the balance sheet at fair value.  For a derivative designated as a fair value hedge, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in operations.  For a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portions of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income.  If the derivative used in an economic hedging activity is not designated in an accounting
hedging relationship or if it becomes ineffective, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in operations.




Subsequent Events





Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date the accompanying consolidated financial statements were issued.





Recent Accounting Pronouncements





The Company continually assesses any new accounting pronouncements to determine their applicability to the Company.  In the case where it is determined that a new accounting pronouncement effects the Company’s financial reporting, the Company undertakes a study to determine the consequence of the change to its financial reporting, and assures that there are proper controls in place to ascertain that the Company’s financials properly reflect the change. New pronouncements assessed by the Company are discussed below:





In October 2009, the FASB issued an update related to ASC Topic 605,“Revenue Recognition — Multiple Deliverable Revenue Arrangements”(ASC 605). This update removes the objective-and-reliable-evidence-of-fair-value criterion from the separation criteria used to determine whether an arrangement involving multiple deliverables contains more than one unit of accounting, replaces references to “fair value” with “selling price” to distinguish from the fair value measurements required under the “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”  guidance, provides a hierarchy that entities must use to estimate the selling price, eliminates
the use of the residual method for allocation, and expands the ongoing disclosure requirements. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010, and can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The adoption of this update will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.




In October 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-14, Software(Topic 985)-Certain Revenue Arrangements that Include Software Elements and changes the accounting model for revenue arrangements that include both tangible products and software elements. Under this guidance, tangible products containing software components and nonsoftware components that function together to deliver the tangible product's essential functionality are excluded from the software revenue guidance in Subtopic 985-605, Software-Revenue Recognition. In addition, hardware components of a tangible product containing software components are always excluded from the software revenue guidance. This update is effective for new or materially
modified arrangements for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2010 and can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The adoption of this update will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.





52





TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





In February 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2010-09, Subsequent Events (Topic 855) - Amendments to Certain Recognition and Disclosure Requirements. ASU 2010-09 requires an entity that is an SEC filer to evaluate subsequent events through the date that the financial statements are issued and removes the requirement that an SEC filer disclose the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated. ASC 2010-09 was effective upon issuance. The adoption of this standard had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.





In March 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-17, Revenue Recognition— Milestone Method (Topic 605): Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition. This standard provides that the milestone method is a valid application of the proportional performance model for revenue recognition if the milestones are substantive and there is substantive uncertainty about whether the milestones will be achieved. Determining whether a milestone is substantive requires judgment that should be made at the inception of the arrangement. To meet the definition of a substantive milestone, the consideration earned by achieving the milestone (1) would have to be commensurate with either the level of effort required to achieve the milestone or the enhancement in the value of the item
delivered, (2) would have to relate solely to past performance, and (3) should be reasonable relative to all deliverables and payment terms in the arrangement. No bifurcation of an individual milestone is allowed and there can be more than one milestone in an arrangement. The Company adopted this standard on July 1, 2010. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.




In December 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-28, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). Under Topic 350, testing for goodwill impairment is a two-step test. When a goodwill impairment test is performed (either on an annual or interim basis), an entity must assess whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value (Step 1). If it does, an entity must perform an additional test to determine whether goodwill has been impaired and to calculate the amount of that impairment (Step 2). The amendments in this update modify Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is
more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist. The qualitative factors require that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2010. Early adoption is not permitted. The adoption of this update will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.





The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.





Note 2.    Fair Value Measurements





The Company applies fair value standards for recurring financial assets and liabilities only.  The accounting framework for determining fair value includes a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to measure fair value, which enables the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop those measurements. The fair value hierarchy consists of three tiers as follows:





Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets are available for identical assets and liabilities.





Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.





Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.





As of December 31, 2010, the Company’s financial assets included short term investments and investments in non-publicly traded companies. The Company considers net realizable value for its investments in non-publicly traded companies for purposes of determining asset impairment losses. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company had no impairment losses on investments in non-publicly traded companies.





53





TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





The carrying amounts for cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their immediate or short-term nature of the maturity. The fair value of the outstanding 2011 Notes was estimated at approximately $3.8 million as of December 31, 2010 and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2009. The 2011 Notes approximate fair value based on market rates available to the Company for financing with similar terms.   The carrying value of such notes was approximately $3.8 million as of December 31, 2010 and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2009.  The fair value of short term investments was $1.0 million as of December 31, 2010 which is based on a Level 2 valuation technique. There were no short-term investments as of December 31, 2009.




Note 3.    Reverse Stock Split





On November 23, 2009 the Company effectuated a one-for-eight reverse stock split of the Company's common stock. Retroactive restatement has been given to all share numbers in this report, and accordingly, all amounts including per share amounts are shown on a post-split basis.





Note 4.    Acquisitions




On October 24, 2008, the Company acquired Centillium Communications, Inc. (“Centillium), a Delaware corporation. Centillium was a global company with headquarters in Fremont, CA and delivered highly innovative communications processing technology. The acquisition was financed with the issuance of 3,125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with an approximate fair value of $25.0 million and $15.0 million of cash. The Company incurred transaction costs of approximately $2.6 million which resulted in a total purchase price of approximately $42.6 million. In connection with the acquisition of Centillium, the Company implemented a worldwide reduction in Centillium’s workforce which was implemented and concluded during the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009. As such, the Company
to incurred cash expenditures of approximately $3.4 million primarily for employee related costs and such costs were added to the Company’s purchase price of Centillium and allocated to the net assets acquired. The results of operations of Centillium have been included in the Company's consolidated financial results from October 24, 2008. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method of accounting. The Company has allocated the cost to acquire Centillium to its identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities, with the remaining amount classified as goodwill.  None of the amount allocated to goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax reporting purposes.





The total purchase price of the Centillium acquisition has been allocated in the Company's consolidated financial statements as follows:





Current assets

$
34,246Property, plant and equipment


709Long-term investments


992Other intangible assets  (1)


10,600Goodwill


15,004Obligation under deferred revenue


(23
)Accounts payable & accrued expenses


(14,158
)Restructuring reserve


(4,798
)Purchase price


42,572Less:Common stock issued


(24,950
)Cash and cash equivalents acquired


(24,991
)Net cash (provided by) used for acquisitions

$
(7,369
)





(1)
The valuation of Centillium’s customer relationships of $7.8 million was determined based on their estimated fair value at the acquisition date. The excess earnings methodology of the income approach was the technique used to value such relationships. The value assigned to Centillium’s customer relationships is being amortized ratably over ten years, which represents the estimated average remaining useful life.




The valuation of developed technology of Centillium of $2.8 million was determined based on its estimated fair value at the acquisition date. A form of the income approach known as the relief-from-royalty method was the technique used to value developed technology.  The developed technology is being amortized ratably over five to seven years, which represents the estimated average remaining useful life.




54




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)




Unaudited pro forma results for 2008 assuming that Centillium was acquired as of January 1, 2008:  Net revenues of $58.3 million; net loss of $(31.3) million; and basic and diluted loss per common share of $(1.58).





Note 5.  Restricted Cash





At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company’s liquidity is affected by restricted cash balances of approximately $0.6 million and $2.7 million, respectively, which are included in current assets and are not available for general corporate use. The Company has pledged these amounts as collateral for stand-by letters of credit that guarantee certain long-term property lease obligations and to support customer credit requirements.





Note 6.    Investments in Non-Publicly Traded Companies and Venture Capital Funds





During the first quarter of 2010, the Company sold its investment in Opulan Technologies Corp. (“Opulan”) for $2.7 million.  The carrying value of this investment in Opulan was also $2.7 million and accordingly no gain or loss was recorded on this transaction.





The Company owns a 3% limited partnership interest in Neurone II, a venture capital fund organized as a limited partnership and a 0.42% limited partnership interest in Munich Venture Partners Fund (“MVP”).  The Company accounts for these investments at cost.  The financial condition of these companies is subject to significant changes resulting from their operating performance and their ability to obtain financing.  The Company continually evaluates its investments in these companies for impairment. In making this judgment, the Company considers the investee’s cash position, projected cash flows (both short and long-term), financing needs, most recent valuation data, the current investing environment, management/ownership changes, and competition. This evaluation
process is based on information that the Company requests from these privately held companies. This information is not subject to the same disclosure and audit requirements as the reports required of U.S. public companies, and as such, the reliability and accuracy of the data may vary.





During 2008, the Company made additional investments of approximately $0.1 million in MVP.





During 2009, the Company made additional investments of less than $0.1 million and recognized an impairment of less than $0.1 million on its investment in Neurone II.





During 2010, the Company had sales of investments of $2.7 million in Opulan and less than $0.1 million in Neurone II. Also during 2010, the Company made additional investments of less than $0.1 million in both Neurone II and MVP.




The Company’s cost method investments were approximately $0.3 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.





Note 7.    Inventories





The components of inventories follow:





December 31,2010


2009Raw material

$
290


$
199Work-in-process


840



1,188Finished goods


1,425



2,796Total inventories

$
2,555


$
4,183





55




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Note 8.    Property and Equipment, Net





The components of property and equipment follow:





Estimated

December 31,Useful Lives

2010


2009Purchased computer software
1-3 years

$
14,749


$
14,647Computers and equipment
3-7 years


12,032



10,853Furniture
3-7 years


2,159



2,163Leasehold improvements
Lease term*


1,691



924Construction-in-progress (software and equipment)



37



25Gross property and equipment



30,668



28,612Accumulated depreciation and amortization



(29,429
)


(27,344
)Property and equipment, net


$
1,239


$
1,268





*
Estimated useful life of improvement if shorter.





Depreciation expense was $0.6 million in 2010, $1.1 million in 2009 and $3.3 million in 2008.





Note 9.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets





Changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill and information about intangible assets follow:




GoodwillBalance at December 31, 2008

$
25,079Purchase price allocation adjustments (1)


(860
)Impairment of goodwill (2)


(10,075
)Balance at December 31, 2009


14,144No changes during 2010


—Balance at December 31, 2010

$
14,144





(1)
Relates to tax refunds received and accrual adjustments in connection with the acquisition of Centillium Communications, Inc. consummated in October 2008.


(2)
During the fourth quarter of 2009, impairment testing performed by the Company indicated that the estimated fair values of two reporting units tested were less than their corresponding carrying amounts. As a result the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge.




56




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Other Intangible AssetsDeveloped

Technology


Customer

Relationships


TotalBalances at December 31, 2010Cost

$
3,014


$
9,557


$
12,571Accumulated amortization


(1,206
)


(3,111
)


(4,317
)$
1,808


$
6,446


$
8,254Balances at December 31, 2009Cost

$
3,014


$
9,557


$
12,571Accumulated amortization


(752
)


(1,979
)


(2,731
)$
2,262


$
7,578


$
9,840





Amortization expense related to “Other intangible assets” was $1.6 million in 2010, $1.6 million in 2009 and $0.6 million in 2008.  Future estimated aggregate amortization expense for such assets for each of the five years succeeding December 31, 2010 follows:  2011 - $1.6 million; 2012 - $1.2 million; 2013 - $1.2 million, 2014 - $1.1 million and 2015 - $0.9 million.





Note 10.    Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities





The components of accrued and other current liabilities follow:





December 31,2010


2009Accrued and other current liabilities

$
3,903


$
4,939Accrued royalties


5,188



5,578Accrued compensation and benefits


2,923



3,264Restructuring liabilities


891



1,775Deferred revenue


213



421Total accrued and other current liabilities

$
13,118


$
15,977





The Company periodically evaluates any contingent liabilities in connection with any payments to be made for any potential intellectual property infringements, asserted or unasserted. The Company’s accrued royalties as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 represents the contingent payments for asserted or unasserted claims that are probable as of the respective balance sheet dates based on the applicable patent law.





Note 11.    Segment and Major Customer Information





The Company has one business segment: communication semiconductor products.  Its VLSI semiconductor devices provide core functionality of communications network equipment. The integration of various technologies and standards in these devices result in a homogeneous product line for management and measurement purposes.




Enterprise-wide Information





Enterprise-wide information provided on geographic net revenues is based on billing locations. Long-lived asset information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following tables present net revenues and long-lived assets information for geographic areas:





57




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 (Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


Years Ended December 31,2010


2009


2008Net revenues:United States

$
12,258


$
16,631


$
6,122Japan


9,465



11,228



4,813Israel


8,220



5,344



10.937Hong Kong


6,550



3,654



1,495Italy


3,832



2,098



1,324Korea


3,753



7,299



2,467China


1,907



5,112



6,943Taiwan


1,541



650



597Germany


163



438



1,163Other countries


2,133



3,653



6,073Total

$
49,822


$
56,107


$
41,934





As of December 31,2010


2009Long-lived tangible assets:United States

$
340


$
680Other countries


2,312



1,888Total

$
2,652


$
2,568





Information about Major Customers





The Company ships its products to distributors and directly to end customers. The following table sets forth the percentage of net revenues attributable to the Company’s significant end customers:





Years ended December 31,2010


2009


2008Significant Customers:Alcatel-Lucent


20
%


22
%


18
%OKI Electric Industry


18
%


18
%


*PMC Sierra Israel


13
%


*



21
%Inbrics


*



11
%


*





*
Revenues were less than 10% of the Company’s net revenues in these years.





Note 12.    Income Taxes





The Company adopted a new accounting standard for uncertain income tax positions,effective January 1, 2007.The new standard clarifies and sets forth consistent rules for accounting for uncertain income tax positions.  There was no cumulative effect of applying the provisions of this standard upon adoption due to the net operating loss and valuation allowance positions of the Company.  Changes in unrecognized income tax benefits follow:





Balance at January 1, 2009

$
5,893Decreases related to prior year tax positions


(4
)Balance at December 31, 2009


5,889Increases related to prior year tax positions


523Decreases related to prior year tax positions


(109
)Balance at December 31, 2010

$
6,303




58




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 (Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2010 are potential benefits of $0.3 million that, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate.  The Company does not reasonably expect any significant changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits to occur within the next twelve months.




Historically the Company has not accrued or paid significant interest and penalties for underpayments of income taxes due to its net operating loss position.  Interest and penalties related to underpayment of income taxes is classified as a component of income tax expense in the consolidated statement of operations.  For the year ended December 31, 2010, approximately $0.1 million of interest and penalties were recognized in the consolidated statement of operations compared with zero for the year ended December 31, 2009. Approximately $0.1 million of interest was recognized in the balance sheet of the Company related to income tax uncertainties through December 31, 2009. This amount has been recorded as a part of goodwill,





The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and several foreign countries and has not extended the statute of limitations to assess additional taxes for any of these jurisdictions.  The Company has effectively settled U.S. Federal tax positions taken through 2002.  However, the Company is subject to adjustment in each of these periods, to the extent of its net operating loss carry forwards.  The open tax years for foreign jurisdictions are 2003 through 2010 and 1997 through 2010 for U.S. state and local jurisdictions.





The components of the loss before income taxes follow:





Years Ended December 31,2010


2009


2008U.S. loss

$
(3,700
)

$
(11,996
)

$
(17,405
)Foreign income


67



830



849Loss before income taxes

$
(3,633
)

$
(11,166
)

$
(16,556
)





The provision for income taxes consists exclusively of current foreign income taxes.





A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the effective income tax rate follows:





Years Ended December 31,2010


2009


2008U.S. federal statutory tax rate


(35.0
)%


(35.0
)%


(35.0
)%State taxes


(33.2
)


-



(9.5
)Deemed repatriation of foreign income


6.7



-



-Excess foreign tax expense


18.1



-



-Goodwill write down


-



15.3



-Tax attributes


(116.3
)


-



-Uncertain tax positions


9.4



-



-Change in valuation allowance


171.9



17.1



42.0Permanent differences, tax credits and other adjustments


5.3



5.7



4.4Effective income tax rate


26.9
%


3.1
%


1.9
%




59




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 (Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred income taxes follow:





2010


2009Deferred income tax assets:Property and equipment

$
298


$
843Other nondeductible accruals


1,051



795Restructuring accrual


4,305



4,607Capitalized research and development for tax purposes


9,286



11,589Net operating loss carry-forwards


172,189



162,797Capital losses


—



1,004Research and development and other credits


21,073



21,334Inventories


14,836



14,383Stock compensation


3,199



2,230Other


2,387



2,717Total gross deferred income tax assets


228,624



222,299Valuation allowance


(227,498
)


(221,207
)Net deferred income tax assets


1,126



1,092Deferred income tax liabilities:Other


(1,126
)


(1,092
)Net deferred income tax liabilities


(1,126
)


(1,092
)Net deferred income taxes

$
—


$
—




The Company continually evaluates its deferred income tax assets to determine whether it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. In assessing the realizability, management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Based on this assessment, management believes that significant uncertainty exists concerning the recoverability of the deferred income tax assets. As such, a valuation allowance has been provided for deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. Of the $227.5 million valuation allowance at December 31, 2010, subsequently recognized income tax benefits, if any, in the amount of $4.7 million will be applied directly to additional paid-in capital.





At December 31, 2010, the Company had available, for federal income tax purposes, net operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forwards of approximately $461 million and research and development tax credit carry-forwards of approximately $21.1 million expiring in varying amounts from 2010 through 2030. For state income tax purposes, the Company had available NOL carry-forwards of approximately $169.1 million and state tax credit carry-forwards of $7.8 million expiring in varying amounts from 2010 to 2030.  Additionally, the Company has generated $21.7 million of NOL’s in foreign jurisdictions which can be carried forward indefinitely.









60


TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


Note 13.    Stockholders’ Rights Plan





The Board of Directors enacted a stockholder rights plan and declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of TranSwitch common stock outstanding at the close of business on October 1, 2001 to the stockholders of record on that date. Each stockholder of record as of October 1, 2001 received a summary of the rights and any new stock certificates issued after the record date contain a legend describing the rights. Each preferred share purchase right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one hundred and twenty-fifth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company, at a price of $400.00 per one one hundred and twenty-fifth of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment, upon the occurrence of certain
triggering events, including the purchase of 15% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock by a third party. Until a triggering event occurs, the common stockholders have no right to purchase shares under the stockholder rights plan. If the right to purchase the preferred stock is triggered, the common stockholders will have the ability to purchase sufficient stock to significantly dilute the 15% or greater holder.





Note 14.    Employee Benefit Plans





Employee Stock Purchase Plans





Under the Company’s employee stock purchase plans, eligible employees may purchase a limited number of shares of common stock at 85% of the fair market value at either the date of enrollment or the date of purchase, whichever is less. The 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan was closed effective December 31, 2004. On May 19, 2005 the Company’s shareholders approved the 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2005 ESPP”). Under the 2005 ESPP, the Company is authorized to issue 125,000 shares of common stock. Shares issued under the 2005 ESPP in 2010, 2009, and 2008 were 30,249, 10,172 and 10,273 respectively.





Stock Option and Award Plans





As of December 31, 2010, the Company has one stock option plan which is the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the ‘2008 Plan”).  The 1995 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan, as amended (the “Director Plan”) expired during 2005.  Also, the 1995 Stock Plan, as amended (the “1995 Plan”) expired on March 15, 2010 and the 2000 Stock Option Plan as amended (the “2000 Plan”) expired on July 14, 2010.





Under the 1995 Plan, 3,925,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were available to grant to employees in the form of incentive stock options.  The 1995 Plan, as amended, expired on March 15, 2010 and as such shares are no longer available for grant. The terms of the options granted are subject to the provisions of the 1995 Plan, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.  The exercise price of options under the 1995 Plan must be equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 1995 Plan are generally nontransferable. As of December 31, 2010, 479,751 options were outstanding.





The 2000 Plan provided for the granting of non-qualified options to employees and consultants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of common stock and was terminated on July 14, 2010.  No member of the Board of Directors or executive officers appointed by the Board of Directors was eligible for grants of options under the 2000 Plan. The terms of the options granted are subject to the provisions of the 2000 Plan, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Each non-qualified stock option shall either be fully exercisable on the date of grant or shall become exercisable thereafter in such installments as the Board of Directors may specify. No option granted under the 2000 Plan may be exercised after the expiration of seven years from the date of grant. The
exercise price of options under the 2000 Plan must be equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2000 Plan are generally nontransferable. In connection with the adoption of the 2008 Plan on May 22, 2008, shares are no longer available for grant under the 2000 Plan.




61




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





The 2008 Plan was approved by shareholders at the shareholder meeting held on May 22, 2008.  The purpose of this plan is to provide stock options, stock issuances, and other equity interests in the Company to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors to the Company and its subsidiaries or any future parent corporation. The 2008 Plan is to be administered by the Board of Directors of the Company who will have sole discretion and authority to interpret and correct the provisions of the Plan and any Award. The Board will also have sole authority to determine the terms and provisions of the respective Stock Option Agreements and Awards, which need not be identical.  The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock of the Company that may be issued pursuant to the 2008 Plan is
5,196,250. As of December 31, 2010, there were 1,605,031 shares available for grant under the 2008 Plan.





Information regarding stock options follows:





Number

of options

outstanding


Weighted average

exerciseprice

per shareOutstanding at December 31, 2007


2,435,868


$
37.71Granted and assumed


1,406,963



9.66Exercised


(12,576
)


5.54Canceled, forfeited or expired


(962,137
)


61.28Outstanding at December 31, 2008


2,868,118



15.33Granted and assumed


461,650



2.97Exercised


(29,064
)


2.93Canceled, forfeited or expired


(815,570
)


24.97Outstanding at December 31, 2009


2,485,134



10.02Granted


113,167



2.18Exercised


(13,264
)


2.32Canceled, forfeited or expired


(425,204
)


10.93Outstanding at December 31, 2010


2,159,833


$
9.47





Information regarding restricted stock awards follows:





Number

ofrestricted

stock units

outstandingOutstanding at December 31, 2007


-Granted


-Assumed


181,968Released


(2,133
)Canceled, forfeited or expired


(42,725
)Outstanding at December 31, 2008


137,110Granted


495,502Released


(39,225
)Canceled, forfeited or expired


(22,205
)Outstanding at December 31, 2009


571,182Granted


1,398,250Released


(405,838
)Canceled, forfeited or expired


(66,726
)Outstanding at December 31, 2010


1,496,868




The Company has, in connection with the acquisitions of various companies, assumed the stock option plans of each acquired company.  The related options are included in the preceding table.





62


TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2010 follow:





Options Outstanding


Options ExercisableRange of

Exercise prices


Number

Outstanding


Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Life


Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price


Number

Exercisable


Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price$
2.00 to 2.32



296,651



5.59


$
2.23



156,886


$
2.282.43 to 2.43



255,733



5.93



2.43



81,767



2.432.48 to 5.12



216,843



4.87



4.03



190,114



4.145.52 to 8.16



240,558



4.49



6.44



205,117



6.568.40 to 11.76



230,288



3.61



10.43



220,498



10.4411.84 to 13.12



295,302



2.48



12.54



294,864



12.5413.20 to 13.44



228,695



2.31



13.27



228,602



13.2713.52 to 17.52



216,413



3.45



15.32



216,413



15.3217.84 to 30.40



175,294



2.42



23.82



175,294



23.8231.52 to 31.52



4,056



0.77



31.52



4,056



31.52$
2.00 to 31.52



2,159,833



3.97


$
9.47



1,773,611


$
10.90





Stock options generally expire five, seven or ten years from the date of grant and generally vest ratably over periods ranging from immediately to four years.





Stock compensation charged to operations was $2.4 million in 2010, $1.3 million in 2009, and $1.5 million in 2008. Further, no compensation cost was capitalized as part of inventory, and no income tax benefit was recognized in those years. Lastly, no equity awards were settled in cash.





Stock-Based Compensation Fair Value Disclosures





The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:





2010


2009


2008Risk-free interest rate


1.61
%


2.43
%


1.82
%Expected life in years


3.80



4.03



2.95Expected volatility


94.84
%


89.26
%


68.21
%Expected dividend yield


—



—



—





The weighted average fair value of stock options granted, calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, is $1.41 for 2010, $1.89 for 2009 and $0.87 for 2008. The weighted average fair value of restricted stock units granted, calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, is $2.37 for 2010 and $3.01 for 2009.  No restricted stock units were granted during 2008. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised was $0.01 million for 2010, $0.06 million for 2009, and $0.02 million for 2008. Restricted stock units released had an intrinsic value of $0.9 million in 2010, $0.1 million in 2009 and approximately five thousand dollars in 2008.




The Company recognized compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employees of zero in 2010, $0.01 million in 2009, and $0.03 million in 2008.




63


TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)




Employee 401(k) Plan





The TranSwitch Corporation 401(k) Retirement Plan (the “Plan”) provides tax-deferred salary deductions for eligible employees. Employees may contribute an annual maximum amount as set periodically by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company provides matching contributions equal to 50% of the employees’ contributions, up to a maximum of 6% of the employee’s annual compensation. On July 1, 2009, the Company indefinitely suspended its matching contributions. Company contributions begin vesting after two years and are fully vested after three years. Contribution expense related to the Plan was zero in 2010, $0.1 million in 2009 and $0.2 million in 2008.





Note 15.    Credit Facility and Convertible Notes





Credit Facility:
 
 On March 12, 2010 the Company entered into a credit facility agreement with Bridge Bank N.A., a subsidiary of Bridge Capital Holdings. The facility allows for borrowings up to $5.0 million determined by the Company’s outstanding eligible accounts receivable. The agreement bore interest at the lender’s prime rate plus 2.5 percent and required other facility fees. The credit facility matured on March 12, 2011 and the Company is currently under discussions with Bridge Bank to renew this credit facility. The credit facility was secured by substantially all of the Company’s U.S. assets. At December 31, 2010, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility.




Convertible Notes:





On December 24, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with certain holders of its 5.45% Convertible Notes due September 30, 2010 (the “2010 Notes”) to purchase $15.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2010 Notes for $9.9 million in cash, plus accrued and unpaid interest. As a result of this transaction, the Company recorded an extinguishment gain of $4.5 million, net of a non-cash write-off of unamortized deferred debt issuance costs. As of December 31, 2008, $10.0 million of the 2010 Notes remained outstanding.




On October 26, 2009, the Company exchanged approximately $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of its unsecured 2010 Notes for an equal principal amount of new unsecured 5.45% Convertible Notes due September 30, 2011 (the “2011 Notes”).





The 2011 Notes are convertible at the option of the holder, at any time on or prior to maturity at an initial conversion ratio of 138.8888 per $1,000 principal amount. As of December 31, 2010, the principal amount of these notes would be equal to the convertible common stock if the Company’s stock price were $7.20.





If a holder of the 2011 Notes converts such notes in connection with a corporate transaction that constitutes a change in control, as defined, at any time prior to July 6, 2011, then in addition to the conversion shares, as defined, such holder is also entitled to receive upon such conversion, a make-whole payment premium in cash.




Commencing on October 30, 2009, the 2011 Notes are payable in monthly principal payments of $417,000 plus interest. The Company’s future principal payments are expected to be $3.8 million in 2011. The interest payments on the 2011 Notes are expected to be $0.1 million in 2011.





The principal payments for the 2011 Notes may be paid for in shares of the Company’s common stock, solely at the Company’s option and upon the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions by the note holder.  If the Company elects to make any payment of or provision for principal in shares of its common stock, the shares to be delivered will be valued at the lower of $7.20 (subject to adjustment) or 90% of the arithmetic average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock for the ten (10) consecutive trading days ending on or including the second trading day immediately preceding the applicable interest payment date but; not be less than $3.60.




64


TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





The Company may redeem some or all of the 2011 Notes at any time prior to maturity for cash equal to the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest; provided, however, that the 2011 Notes will not be redeemable prior to maturity unless the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 150% of the conversion price, which shall initially be $7.20, for at least 20 trading days within a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending within five trading days immediately preceding notice to holders of such redemption.





The holders of the 2011 Notes may require the Company to repurchase the 2011 Notes upon a change in control for cash at 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest.





The terms underlying the 2011 Notes contain certain customary covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s ability to incur additional debt. The failure to comply with such covenants could cause the 2011 Notes to become due and payable immediately.





As of December 31, 2010, $3.8 million of the 2011 Notes remained outstanding and has been classified as short-term.  As of December 31, 2009, $8.8 million of the 2011 Notes remained outstanding and $5.0 million has been classified as short-term.




Note 16.   Issuance of Common Stock





Rights Offering





The Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 on April 13, 2010 and as amended on April 20, 2010 and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 3, 2010 (File No. 333-166022), pursuant to which the Company conducted a rights offering by issuing a dividend of subscription rights (the “Rights”) to all of the Company’s stockholders as of April 29, 2010 (the “Record Date”),  to exercise the Rights at a price of $2.40 per share, for shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Rights Offering”).





Pursuant to the terms of the Rights Offering, the Company distributed to its stockholders transferable rights to subscribe for and purchase up to an aggregate of 4,153,883 shares of its common stock.  Each stockholder of record as of the Record Date received one transferable right for every one share of common stock owned on the Record Date.  Each right entitled the holder thereof to purchase 0.20 shares of common stock at a price of $2.40 per share (fractional shares were rounded up to the nearest whole share).





On June 3, 2010, as a result of the rights offering, the Company issued 2,117,236 shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share, to the holders who exercised their rights pursuant to the basic and over-subscription privileges and pursuant to the terms of the rights offering as described in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement.  Such shares of common stock were issued at a subscription price of $2.40 per share. The gross proceeds to the Company were approximately $5.1 million.  In addition, the Company incurred $0.5 million in costs associated with this offering.





Sale of Stock





On December 31, 2009, the Company, entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Common Stock Purchase Agreement") with Seaside 88, LP, a Florida limited partnership ("Seaside"), relating to the offering and sale of up to 1,950,000 shares (the "Shares") of the Company's common stock. The Common Stock Purchase Agreement required the Company to issue and sell, and Seaside to purchase, up to 75,000 shares of Common Stock once every two (2) weeks, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, beginning on January 4, 2010 and ending on or about the date that is fifty (50) weeks subsequent to closing. The offering price of the Company’s common stock at each closing was an amount equal to the lower of (i) the daily volume weighted average of actual trading prices of the common stock on the
trading market (the "VWAP") for the ten consecutive trading days immediately prior to a closing date multiplied by 0.875 and (ii) the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to a closing date multiplied by 0.90.




On June 14, 2010, the Company exercised its option to terminate the Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Seaside.   During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company had twelve closings at purchase prices ranging from $1.40 to $2.69 per share and sold 900,000 shares of stock to Seaside for gross proceeds of approximately $1.8 million and incurred costs of approximately $0.1 million. The proceeds have been used for general corporate purposes, which includes working capital, capital expenditures, repayment of debt, development costs, and strategic investments.




65




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


Note 17.    Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges





During 2010, the Company recorded a net restructuring charge of approximately $0.4 million.  The Company implemented a restructuring plan in the first quarter of 2010 that included a workforce reduction of approximately 17 positions primarily in the Company’s Shelton, Connecticut, Fremont, California, New Delhi, India and Bangalore, India locations.  The restructuring charges are primarily for employee termination benefits.  All of the related cash expenditures were paid during 2010.





During 2009, the Company recorded a net restructuring benefit of approximately $6.3 million, primarily resulting from a new sublease. On March 3, 2009 the Company entered into a sublease with a major corporation to sublease 92,880 square feet of office space located in Shelton, Connecticut to the year 2014.  As a result of this sublease, the Company reversed approximately $6.7 million of accrued restructuring expense that it initially recorded in 2001. The Company also reversed approximately $0.9 million of accrued restructuring expense as a result of certain other sub-lease agreements relating to the Company’s excess facilities in Shelton, Connecticut.  These benefits were partially offset by approximately $1.3 million of charges for workforce reductions and other restructuring
adjustments.





During 2008 the Company implemented restructuring plans that resulted in total restructuring costs of approximately $7.2 million, of which approximately $3.8 million was recorded as restructuring charges in its Consolidated Statements of Operations and $3.4 was recorded as a liability assumed in the acquisition of Centillium.  These restructuring plans included the elimination of approximately 76 positions, primarily in the Company’s Shelton, Connecticut, Bedford, Massachusetts, Fremont, California, Eclubens, Switzerland, New Delhi, India and Bangalore, India locations.  As a result, the Company recorded restructuring charges in its Consolidated Statements of Operations of approximately $1.7 million related to employee termination benefits, $0.8 million related to asset impairments,
$0.7 million related to excess facility costs net of anticipated sublease income and $0.8 million in other restructuring charges.  These 2008 charges were partially offset by approximately $0.2 million of benefits related to adjustments to certain sublease agreements relating to the Company’s excess facilities in Shelton, Connecticut





In connection with the restructuring events of 2008, approximately $6.3 million of the $7.2 million in restructuring costs required cash expenditures. As of December 31, 2010, all of the cash expenditures had been paid.


A summary of the restructuring liabilities and activity follows:





2010 ActivityRestructuring

Liabilities

December 31,

2009


Restructuring

Charges


Cash Payments


Non-cash

asset

write-offs


Adjustments

and Changes

to Estimates


Restructuring

Liabilities

December 31,

2010Employee Termination Benefits

$
243


$
409


$
(649
)

$
10


$
(10
)

$
3Facility lease costs


12,125



—



(920
)


—



—



11,205Totals

$
12,368


$
409


$
(1,569
)

$
10


$
(10
)

$
11,208





2009 ActivityRestructuring

Liabilities

December 31,

2008


Restructuring

Charges


Cash Payments


Non-cash

asset

write-offs


Adjustments

and Changes

to Estimates


Restructuring

Liabilities

December 31,

2009Employee Termination Benefits

$
1,930


$
523


$
(2,437
)

$
—


$
227


$
243Facility lease costs


22,534



—



(3,444
)


—



(6,965
)


12,125Asset impairments


—



—



—



(82
)


82



—Other


925



48



(801
)


—



(172
)


—Totals

$
25,389


$
571


$
(6,682
)

$
(82
)

$
(6,828
)

$
12,368




66




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 (Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


Note 18.    Commitments and Contingencies





Lease Agreements





The Company leases buildings and equipment at its headquarters in Shelton, Connecticut as well as at its subsidiaries’ locations worldwide.  Rental expense under all operating lease agreements was $1.4 million in 2010, $1.5 million in 2009 and $2.0 million in 2008.





The following table summarizes as of December 31, 2010 future minimum operating lease commitments, including contractually obligated building operating commitments that have remaining, non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year and future anticipated sublease income:




Operating

Commitments


Less:

Sublease

Agreements


Net

Commitments2011

$
4,508


$
2,703


$
1,8052012


4,251



2,731



1,5202013


3,348



2,180



1,1682014


3,189



1,181



2,0082015


2,971



-



2,971Thereafter


4,421



-



4,421$
22,688


$
8,795


$
13,893




Patent Indemnity





Under the terms of substantially all of its sales agreements, the Company has agreed to indemnify its customers for costs and damages arising from claims against such customer based on, among other things, allegations that the Company’s products infringed upon the intellectual property rights of a third party. In the event of an infringement claim, the Company retains the right to (i) procure for the customer the right to continue using the product; (ii) replace the product with a non-infringing item which shall give equally good service; (iii) modify the product so that it becomes non-infringing; or (iv) remove the product and, on return of the product to the Company, the Company shall refund the buyers purchase price. Due to the nature of these indemnification agreements, the maximum potential future
payments the Company could be required to make under these guarantees, when and if such claims may arise, cannot be reliably determined. No amounts have been accrued for any estimated losses with respect to these guarantees for customer indemnifications since it is not probable that a loss will be incurred. No claims have been made under these indemnity provisions.




67




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Purchase Commitments





In the normal course of business, the Company makes various commitments to purchase goods or services from specific suppliers, including those related to capital expenditures. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had purchase commitments totaling $5.8 million.





Contingencies





In the normal course of business, we may be confronted with issues or events that may result in a contingent liability. These generally relate to lawsuits, claims, environmental actions or the action of various regulatory agencies. If necessary, management consults with counsel and other appropriate experts to assess any matters that arise. If, in management’s opinion, we have incurred a probable loss as set forth by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, an estimate is made of the loss and the appropriate accounting entries are reflected in our financial statements. Except as discussed below, there are no currently pending, threatened lawsuits or claims against the Company that could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash
flows.  On July 29, 2010, the Company was served with a complaint in connection with civil action number 10-295 in U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, entitled Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. v. TranSwitch Corporation, in which Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. (‘SEI’) was claiming breach of contract by the Company and damages in an amount of at least $2.6 million plus interest, costs and attorneys fees.  OnDecember 29, 2010, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with SEI which resulted in SEI filing a dismissal of its claim.  As a result of the settlement agreement the Company will pay an aggregate of approximately $0.7 million, in a combination of cash and future purchase credits.  This amount was offset against the reversal of accrued royalties in the statement of operations.





Note 19.    Supplemental Cash Flow Information





Supplemental cash flow information follows:

Years Ended December 31,2010


2009


2008Cash paid for interest

$
460


$
712


$
1,554Cash paid for income taxes

$
218


$
194


$
340





During 2008, in connection with the Centillium acquisition, the Company issued 3,125,000 shares of its common stock with an approximate fair value of $25.0 million.





Note 20.   Stock Repurchase Program





On February 13, 2008 the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $10 million of its outstanding common stock.  The share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase shares through February 2010, from time to time, through transactions in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.  The number of shares to be purchased and the timing of the purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors.  The stock repurchase program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific dollar value or number of shares, and the Company may terminate the repurchase program at any time.





During 2008, the Company purchased 20,794 shares of its outstanding common stock at an average price of $5.44 per share or approximately $0.1 million, excluding commissions.  There were no such repurchases in 2009 or 2010.





Note 21.    Subsequent Events





On February 8, 2011, the Company announced that it decided to effect a restructuring in the form of a reduction in force to be implemented and concluded during the first quarter of 2011. The Company expects that such restructuring will result in annual savings of approximately $2.0 million and that these savings will begin to be recognized in the second quarter of 2011.  In connection with the restructuring, the Company expects to incur pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $0.5 million which will be cash expenditures primarily for employee related costs. These charges are expected to be recorded in the first quarter of 2011.




68




TRANSWITCH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES





NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


(Tabular dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)





Note 22.    Quarterly Information (Unaudited)





The table below shows selected unaudited quarterly information of operating results. The Company believes that this information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. Interim operating results are not necessarily indicative of future period results.





First

Quarter


Second

Quarter


Third

Quarter


Fourth

Quarter


Full

YearYear ended December 31, 2010Net revenues

$
12,806


$
14,077


$
12,845


$
10,094


$
49,822Cost of revenues


6,048



6,601



5,710



3,665



22,024Gross profit


6,758



7,476



7,135



6,429



27,798Net (loss) income (2)


(1,453
)


483



(1,811
)


(1,828
)


(4,609
)Net (loss) income per common share (1):Basic

$
(0.07
)

$
0.02


$
(0.08
)

$
(0.08
)

$
(0.21
)Diluted

$
(0.07
)

$
0.02


$
(0.08
)

$
(0.08
)

$
(0.21
)Year ended December 31, 2009Net revenues

$
14,247


$
14,535


$
15,181


$
12,144


$
56,107Cost of revenues


5,937



5,983



7,050



5,653



24,623Gross profit


8,310



8,552



8,131



6,491



31,484Net income (loss) (2)


4,016



(1,320
)


(1,497
)


(12,730
)


(11,531
)Net income (loss) per common share (1):Basic

$
0.20


$
(0.07
)

$
(0.08
)

$
(0.64
)

$
(0.58
)Diluted

$
0.19


$
(0.07
)

$
(0.08
)

$
(0.64
)

$
(0.58
)





(1)
The sum of quarterly per share amounts may not equal per share amounts reported for year-to-date periods due to changes in the number of weighted average shares outstanding and the effects of rounding.


(2)
The reported net loss for 2010 and 2009 reflects stock-based compensation expense of $2.4 million (Q1 of $0.4 million, Q2 of $0.6 million, Q3 of $0.6 million and Q4 of $0.8 million) and $1.3 million (Q1 of $0.3 million, Q2 of $0.3 million, Q3 of $0.3 million and Q4 of $0.4 million), respectively.





69




SCHEDULE II





TRANSWITCH CORPORATION





VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS


(in thousands)




AdditionsDescription

Balance at

Beginning

of Year


Charges to

Costs and

Expenses


Charges

to Other

Accounts


Deductions


Balance

at End

of YearYear ended December 31, 2010:Allowance for losses on:Accounts receivable

$
516


$
(20
)

$
—


$
(160
)

$
336Sales returns and allowances


149



82



50



—



281Stock rotation


611



585



—



(425
)


771Deferred income tax assets valuation allowance


221,207



6,291



—



—



227,498$
222,483


$
6,938


$
50


$
(585
)

$
228,886Year ended December 31, 2009:Allowance for losses on:Accounts receivable

$
536


$
94


$
—


$
(114
)

$
516Sales returns and allowances


151



(2
)


—



—



149Stock rotation


44



704



—



(137
)


611Deferred income tax assets valuation allowance


229,586



(8,379
)


—



—



221,207$
230,317


$
(7,583
)

$
—


$
(251
)

$
222,483Year ended December 31, 2008:Allowance for losses on:Accounts receivable

$
623


$
(3
)

$
17


$
(101
)

$
536Sales returns and allowances


99



261



151



(360
)


151Stock rotation


60



27



—



(43
)


44Deferred income tax assets valuation allowance


148,250



9,263



72,073



—



229,586$
149,032


$
9,548


$
72,241


$
(504
)

$
230,317





Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure




There have been no disagreements with accountants related to accounting and financial disclosures in 2010. For information regarding the change in the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, see the Form 8-K filed on April 22, 2010.




70




Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures





Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures


Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the evaluation date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.





Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting





Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control
over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010.





This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm, pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.





Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting





No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2010, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.





Item 9B.    Other Information





None





71




PART III





Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance





Information with respect to directors, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, Audit Committee financial experts and named executive officers is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled Proposal No. 1 “Election of Directors”, “Audit Committee Report” and “Compensation and Other Information Concerning Named Executive Officers”, respectively, contained in our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on May 19, 2011, which is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the year ended December 31, 2010. Information concerning Section 16(a) compliance is incorporated by reference to the section of our definitive proxy statement entitled “Section
16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”





Code of Ethics





The Company has a code of ethics that applies to all its directors, officers, employees and representatives. This code is publicly available at the investor relations section of the Company’s website located at http://www.transwitch.com. Amendments to the code of ethics and any grant of a waiver from a provision of the code requiring disclosure under applicable SEC rules will be disclosed within the investor relations section of the Company’s website located at http://www.transwitch.com.   These materials may also be requested in print by writing to the Company’s Investor Relations Department at TranSwitch
Corporation, Attention: Investor Relations, Three Enterprise Drive, Shelton, CT 06484.





Corporate Governance Principles and Charters





The Company’s corporate governance principles and the charters of its Board of Directors’ Audit and Finance Committee, Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee and Compensation Committee are available at the investor relations section of the Company’s website at http://www.transwitch.com. These materials may also be requested in print by writing to the Company’s Investor Relations Department at TranSwitch Corporation, Attention: Investor Relations, Three Enterprise Drive, Shelton, CT 06484.





Item 11.    Executive Compensation





Information with respect to executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled “Compensation and Other Information Concerning Named Executive Officers” contained in our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on May 19, 2011 which is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the year ended December 31, 2010.





Information with respect to the Compensation Committee and its report is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Committee Report” contained in our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on May 19, 2011 which is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the year ended December 31, 2010.





Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters





Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners, directors and executive officers is incorporated herein by reference to the information in the section entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management”, “Related Party Transactions” and “Indemnification Matters” contained in our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on May 19, 2011 which is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the year ended December 31, 2010.





Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence





Information regarding certain relationships, related transactions, and the Company’s policies and procedures with respect to related party transactions is incorporated herein by reference to the sections entitled “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”, “Related Party Transactions” and “Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons” contained in our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on May 19, 2011 which is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the year ended December 31, 2010.





Information regarding director independence is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled “Independence of Members of the Board of Directors” contained in our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on May 19, 2011 which is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the year ended December 31, 2010.




72




Item 14.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services





Information regarding principal accountant fees and services is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled, under the headings “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” contained in our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on May 19, 2011, which is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of the year ended December 31, 2010.





73




PART IV





Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules


(a)(1)
The following financial statements of TranSwitch Corporation are filed as part of this Form 10-K under Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”





FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PAGEConsolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2010 and 2009

43Consolidated Statements of Operations – Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

44Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Loss – Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

45Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

46Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

47Schedule II

70





(a)(2)
All other schedules are omitted because they are either not applicable, not required or because the information is presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule or the notes thereto.





(a)(3)  Exhibits




3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended to date (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference).3.2

Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on November 23, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).3.3

Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on May 21, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).3.4

Amended Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of TranSwitch Corporation (previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on November 23, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).3.5

Second Amended and Restated By-Laws, (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on October 17, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).4.1

Specimen certificate representing the common stock of TranSwitch Corporation(previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference).4.2

Rights Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2001, between TranSwitch Corporation and EquiServe Trust Company, N.A., which includes the form of Rights Certificate and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Shares (previously filed as Exhibit 1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement No. 0-25996 on Form 8-A as filed with the SEC on October 2, 2001 and incorporated by reference herein).4.3

Amendment No. 1 to the Rights Agreement dated as of February 24, 2006, between TranSwitch Corporation and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (formerly known as Equiserve Trust Company, N.A) (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).4.4

Amendment No. 2 to Rights Agreement, dated as of April 30, 2010, between TranSwitch Corporation and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (previously filed as Exhibit 4.03 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Form 8-A/A as   filed with the SEC on April 30, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).




74




4.5

2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on May 21, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference). *4.6

Form of Employee Stock Purchase Plan Enrollment Authorization Form (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-126129) and incorporated herein by reference).4.7

Form of Employee Stock Purchase Plan Change / Withdrawal Authorization Form (previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-126129) and incorporated herein by reference).4.8

2008 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on May 21, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).*4.9

Form of 2008 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Option Award Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-151113) and incorporated herein by reference).4.10

Form of 2008 Equity Incentive Plan 102 Stock Option Award Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-151113) and incorporated herein by reference).4.11

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 4.5 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-151113) and incorporated herein by reference).4.12

Form of Restricted Stock 102 Award Agreement under the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 4.6 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-151113) and incorporated herein by reference).4.13

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award to Director Agreement under the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 4.7 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-151113) and incorporated herein by reference).*4.14

Form of 2008 Equity Incentive Plan 102 Stock Award Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 4.8 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-151113) and incorporated herein by reference).4.15

Indenture between TranSwitch Corporation and U.S. Bank National Trust (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on October 26, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).10.1

Third Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Option Plan, as amended (previously filed as an exhibit to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on May 23, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference).*10.2

1995 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan, as amended (previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-89798) and incorporated herein by reference).*10.3

Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 1995 Stock Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-94234) and incorporated herein by reference).10.4

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 1995 Stock Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-94234) and incorporated herein by reference).10.5

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 1995 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-94234) and incorporated herein by reference).*10.6

Lease Agreement, as amended, with Robert D. Scinto (previously filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the TranSwitch Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference).


75




10.7

2000Stock Option Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-75800) and incorporated herein by reference).10.8

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2000 Stock Option Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-75800) and incorporated herein by reference).10.9

1999 Stock Incentive Plan of Onex Communications Corporation (previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-70344) and incorporated herein by reference).10.10

Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan of Onex Communications Corporation (previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-70344) and incorporated herein by reference).10.11

Form of Director Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the Third Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Option Plan, as amended (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on May 25, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).*10.12

Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among TranSwitch Corporation, Centillium Communications, Inc., Sonnet Acquisition Corporation and Haiku Acquisition Corporation, dated as of July 9, 2008 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on July 11, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).10.13

Exchange Agreement by and among TranSwitch Corporation, QVT Fund LP and Quintessence Fund LP (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on October 26, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).10.14

Exchange Agreement by and among TranSwitch Corporation, JGB Capital LP, JGB Capital Offshore Ltd. and SAMC LLC (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on October 26, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).10.15

Employment Agreement dated November 5, 2009 between Dr. M. Ali Khatibzadeh and TranSwitch Corporation (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on November 12, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).*10.16

Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 2009 by and between TranSwitch Corporation and Seaside 88, LP (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on January 4, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).10.17

Amendment dated March 17, 2010 to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 2009 by and between TranSwitch Corporation and Seaside 88, LP (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on March 22, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).10.18

Form of Director Indemnification Agreement as executed with each director of TranSwitch Corporation (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on April 9, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).*10.19

Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on May 27, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).*10.20

Letter Agreement by and between TranSwitch Corporation and Robert Bosi, dated as of February 13, 2009 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).*10.21

Sublease Agreement by and between TranSwitch Corporation and Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, dated as of March 3, 2009 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).10.22

Separation Agreement by and between TranSwitch Corporation and Dr. Santanu Das, dated as of November 6, 2009 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.21 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).*




76




10.23

Consulting Agreement by and between TranSwitch Corporation and Dr. Santanu Das, dated as of November 6, 2009 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.22 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).*10.24

Business Financing Agreement by and between TranSwitch Corporation and Bridge Bank, National Association, dated as of March 12, 2010 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).11.1

Computation of Loss Per Share (filed herewith).12.1

Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges (filed herewith).16.1

Letter of UHY LLP dated April 22, 2010 (previously filed as Exhibit 16.1 to TranSwitch Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).21.1

Subsidiaries of the Company (filed herewith).23.1

Consent of Marcum LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith).23.2

Consent of UHY LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith).31.1

CEO Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).31.2

CFO Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).32.1

CEO Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).32.2

CFO Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).




*
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement identified as required in Item 15(a)(3) of Form 10-K





(b)
Exhibits





We hereby file as exhibits to this Form 10-K those exhibits listed in Item 15 (a)(3) above.





(c)
Financial Statement Schedule





TranSwitch files as a financial statement schedule to this Form 10-K, the financial statement schedule listed in Item 8 and 15(a) (2) above.




77




SIGNATURES





Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.





TranSwitch CorporationBy:

/s/Dr. M. Ali KhatibzadehDr. M. Ali Khatibzadeh

President and Chief Executive Officer


March 15, 2011





POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES





We, the undersigned named executive officers and directors of TranSwitch Corporation, hereby severally constitute and appoint Dr. M. Ali Khatibzadeh and Mr. Robert A. Bosi, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys, with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us in our names in the capacities indicated below, all amendments to this report, and generally to do all things in our names and on our behalf in such capacities to enable TranSwitch Corporation to comply with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.




Name and Signature

Title(s)

Date/s/Dr. M. Ali Khatibzadeh

President and Chief Executive Officer

March 15, 2011Dr. M. Ali Khatibzadeh

(principal executive officer)/s/ Mr. Robert A. Bosi

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

March 15, 2011Mr. Robert A. Bosi

(principal financial and accounting officer)/s/ Mr. Gerald F. Montry

Director and Chairman of the Board

March 15, 2011Mr. Gerald F. Montry/s/ Mr. Faraj Aalaei

Director

March 15, 2011Mr. Faraj Aalaei/s/ Mr. Thomas Baer

Director

March 15, 2011Mr. Thomas Baer/s/ Mr. Herbert Chen

Director

March 15, 2011Mr. Herbert Chen/s/ Mr. Richard J. Lynch

Director

March 15, 2011Mr. Richard J. Lynch/s/ Mr. James M. Pagos

Director

March 15, 2011Mr. James M. Pagos/s/ Mr. Sam Srinivasan

Director

March 15, 2011Mr. Sam Srinivasan





78