U.S. Department of the Interior 

National Park Service 

American Battlefield Protection Program 

 Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission 

 Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields

 State of Maryland

 Washington, DC 

 January 2010 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission 

Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

State of Maryland 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

National Park Service 

American Battlefield Protection Program 

Washington, DC 

January 2010 

Authority 

The American Battlefield Protection Program Act of 1996, as amended by the Civil War 

Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-359, 111 Stat. 3016, 17 December 

2002), directs the Secretary of the Interior to update the Civil War Sites Advisory 

Commission (CWSAC) Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields. 

Acknowledgments 

NPS Project Team Paul Hawke, Project Leader; Kathleen Madigan, Survey Coordinator; 

Tanya Gossett and January Ruck, Reporting; Matthew Borders, Historian; Kristie Kendall, 

Program Assistant. 

Battlefield Surveyor(s) Lisa Rupple, American Battlefield Protection Program 

Respondents Ted Alexander and John Howard, Antietam National Battlefield; C. Casey 

Reese and Pamela Underhill, Appalachian National Scenic Trail; Susan Frye, Chesapeake 

and Ohio Canal National Historical Park; Kathy Robertson, Civil War Preservation Trust; 

John Nelson, Hager House Museum; Joy Beasley, Cathy Beeler, Todd Stanton, and Susan 

Trail, Monocacy National Battlefield; Robert Bailey and Al Preston, South Mountain 

Battlefield State Park. 

Cover: View of the sunken road known as “Bloody Lane” at Antietam battlefield, 

Washington County, Maryland. Photograph by Lisa Rupple, 2005. 
Table of Contents 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 3

SYNOPSIS ............................................................................................................ 5

METHOD STATEMENT ......................................................................................... 7

RESEARCH AND FIELD SURVEYS .......................................................................................... 7 

QUESTIONNAIRES........................................................................................................... 10 

SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS OF MARYLAND’S CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELDS ..... 12

QUANTIFIED LAND AREAS ............................................................................................... 12 

CONDITION ASSESSMENTS ............................................................................................... 12 

REGISTRATION............................................................................................................... 13 

STEWARDSHIP ............................................................................................................... 15 

PUBLIC ACCESS AND INTERPRETATION ............................................................................... 16 

LOCAL ADVOCACY ........................................................................................................ 18 

INDIVIDUAL BATTLEFIELD PROFILES ................................................................ 19

APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 43

APPENDIX A. CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELD PRESERVATION ACT OF 2002 .................................... 43 

APPENDIX B. BATTLEFIELD QUESTIONNAIRE ...................................................................... 46 

APPENDIX C. CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELD LAND ACQUISITION GRANTS...................................... 49 

APPENDIX D. AMERICAN BATTLEFIELD PROTECTION PROGRAM PLANNING GRANTS ................ 50 
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Introduction 

The information in this report fulfills, in part, the purposes of the Civil War Battlefield 

Preservation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-359, 111 Stat. 3016). Those purposes are: 

1) to act quickly and proactively to preserve and protect nationally significant 

Civil War battlefields through conservation easements and fee-simple 

purchases of those battlefields from willing sellers; and 

2) to create partnerships among state and local governments, regional entities, 

and the private sector to preserve, conserve, and enhance nationally 

significant Civil War battlefields. 

The Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 directs the Secretary of the Interior, 

acting through the American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) of the National Park 

Service, to update the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (CWSAC) Report on the Nation’s 

Civil War Battlefields. The CWSAC was established by Congress in 1991 and published its 

report in 1993. Congress provided funding for this update in FY2005 and FY2007. 

Congress asked that the updated report reflect the following: 

• Preservation activities carried out at the 384 battlefields identified by the 

CWSAC during the period between 1993 and the update; 

• Changes in the condition of the battlefields during that period; and 

• Any other relevant developments relating to the battlefields during that period. 

In accordance with the legislation, this report presents information about Civil War 

battlefields in Maryland for use by Congress, federal, state, and local government 

agencies, landowners, and other interest groups. Other state reports will be issued as 

surveys and analyses are completed. 
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Figure 1. CWSAC Battlefields in Maryland 
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Synopsis 

There are seven CWSAC battlefields in the State of Maryland. Historically, these 

battlefields encompassed more than 91,000 acres.1

 Today, more than 60,000 acres of these 

landscapes survive, retaining sufficient significance and integrity to make them worthy of 

preservation.2

 At present, more than 15,400 acres, or 25 percent, of this battlefield land is 

permanently protected by governments and private nonprofit organizations. 

In 1993, the CWSAC ranked Antietam, Monocacy, and South Mountain battlefields as 

among the nation’s top priorities for preservation. Today, there are more than 8,000 acres 

of protected land at Antietam, more than 1,500 acres protected at Monocacy, and more 

than 3,200 acres of protected land at South Mountain. At Antietam and Monocacy, 

the National Park Service owns significant portions of the protected lands and manages 

these properties as parts of the Antietam National Battlefield and Monocacy National 

Battlefield parks. Efforts made by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources to 

augment protected land at Antietam account for much of the difference between the 

total protected lands numbers of Antietam and Monocacy. Through state initiatives 

such as Program Open Space, and federal funding opportunities provided by the 

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and the Transportation Equity Act 

for the 21st Century (TEA-21), Maryland’s battlefield preservation efforts during the 1990s 

were unparalleled. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources, with the help of 

private non-profit land conservation organizations, has also been aggressive in its effort to 

protect the landscape of South Mountain. State land acquisition and easement 

purchases associated with the growth of South Mountain Battlefield State Park, Gathland 

State Park, and Washington Monument State Park, account for most of the protected land 

at South Mountain. 

Maryland’s four other battlefields – Boonsboro, Hancock, Folck’s Mill and 

Williamsport – have not received the same level of attention. While portions of the 

Boonsboro and Hancock landscapes have been destroyed by modern residential and 

commercial development, most essential battlefield features remain intact. Yet, despite 

this combination of threat and opportunity, little more than 50 acres (approximately one 

percent) of battlefield land have been protected at Hancock, and less than 200 acres 

(approximately twenty percent) have been permanently protected at Boonsboro. Of 

Maryland’s seven Civil War battlefields, Folck’s Mill and Williamsport have suffered the 

greatest degree of modern incursion. More than 1,000 acres of land have been protected 

at these two sites, but alteration and fragmentation, primarily caused by highway 

construction, have left little intact terrain available for future preservation efforts. 

Given these conditions, the need for continued long-range preservation planning and 

public-private efforts to protect the Maryland battlefields cannot be overstated. In the 

past, Maryland’s battlefields have not been well represented by organized non-profit 

friends groups. Future efforts to develop such organizations could help provide consistent, 

long-term support in the absence of, or in support of, federal and state action. While 

conservation organizations such as the Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation 

Foundation and the Maryland Environmental Trust are welcomed partners, the cultivation 

 

1

Using GIS, and accounting for overlapping areas, ABPP calculated that the Study Areas for the seven battlefields in Maryland represent 

91,424.77 acres. The Study Areas for the battles of Antietam, Hancock, and Williamsport include an additional 5,275.31 acres of land 

and water in the State of West Virginia. The Study Area for the battle of Williamsport also includes an additional 294.14 acres of land 

in the State of Pennsylvania. The Study Areas for the battles of Harpers Ferry and Shepherdstown, West Virginia, will be discussed in 

the update for that state. 

2

 Using GIS, and accounting for overlapping areas, ABPP calculated that the Potential National Register Boundaries for the seven

battlefields in Maryland represent 60,182.35 acres. 
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 6 

of non-profit groups with missions driven exclusively by battlefield preservation interest 

would be advantageous. 

Table 1 indicates how the CWSAC prioritized Maryland’s Civil War battlefields in 1993. 

The National Park Service will issue updated priorities after all of the CWSAC battlefields 

nationwide have been surveyed and all state reports have been completed. 

Table 1: CWSAC Preservation Priorities from 1993 

CWSAC Priority Battlefield County/City

I Critical Need Antietam (MD003)

Monocacy (MD007) 

South Mountain (MD002)

Washington; 

Jefferson County, WV 

Frederick 

Frederick, Washington

II Comprehensive Preservation Possible Boonsboro (MD006) Washington

III Additional Protection Needed Hancock (MD001)

Williamsport (MD004)

Washington; 

Morgan County, WV 

Washington; 

Berkeley County, WV

IV Fragmented/Destroyed Folck’s Mill (MD008) Allegany
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Method Statement

Congress instructed the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the American Battlefield 

Protection Program (ABPP), to report on changes in the condition of the battlefields since 

1993 and on “preservation activities” and “other relevant developments” carried out at 

each battlefield since 1993. To fulfill those assignments, the ABPP 1) conducted site 

surveys of each battlefield and 2) prepared and sent out questionnaires to battlefield 

managers and advocacy organizations (see Appendix B). 

Research and Field Surveys 

The ABPP conducted the field assessments of Maryland battlefields in November 2005. The 

surveys entailed additional historical research, on-the-ground documentation and 

assessment of site conditions, identification of impending threats to each site, and site 

mapping. Surveyors used a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver to map historic 

features of each battlefield and used a Geographic Information System (GIS) program to 

draw site boundaries. The ABPP retains all final survey materials. Each battlefield survey 

file includes a survey form (field notes, list of defining features, list of documentary 

sources, and a photo log), photographs, spatial coordinates of significant features, and 

boundaries described on USGS topographic maps. The surveys did not include 

archeological investigations for reasons of time and expense. 

Study Areas and Core Areas 

The CWSAC identified a Study Area and a Core Area for each of the principal battlefields it 

surveyed (see Figure 2 for definitions). The CWSAC boundaries have proven invaluable as 

guides to local land and resource preservation efforts at Civil War battlefields. However, 

since 1993, the National Park Service has refined its battlefield survey methodology, which 

includes research, working with site stewards, identifying and documenting lines of 

approach and withdrawal used by opposing forces, and applying the concepts of military 

terrain analysis to all battlefield landscapes. The ABPP’s Battlefield Survey Manual explains 

the field methods employed during this study.3

 The surveys also incorporate the concepts 

recommended in the National Register of Historic Places’ Guidelines for Identifying, 

Evaluating, and Registering America’s Historic Battlefields, which was published in 1992 

after the CWSAC completed its original assessments of the battlefields. 

Using its refined methodology, the ABPP was able to validate or adjust the CWSAC’s Study 

Area and Core Area boundaries to reflect more accurately the full nature and original 

resources of these battlefields (see Table 2 [p.12]). At each of Maryland’s battlefields, the 

refined methodology resulted in significant increases to the sizes of the Study Area and 

Core Area. However, it is important to note that the Study Area and Core Area boundaries 

are simply historical boundaries that describe where the battle took place; neither 

indicates the current integrity of the battlefield landscape, so neither can be used on its 

own to identify surviving portions of battlefield land that may merit protection and 

preservation. 

Potential National Register Boundaries 

To address the question of what part of the battlefield remains reasonably intact and 

warrants preservation, this study introduced a third boundary line that was not attempted 

by the CWSAC: the Potential National Register boundary (see Figure 2).

 

3

 American Battlefield Protection Program, “Battlefield Survey Manual,” (Washington, DC: National Park Service, revised 2007), 

http://www.nps.gov/history/abpp/battlefieldsurveymanual.pdf , October 2008. 
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Figure 2: Boundary Definitions 

The Study Area represents the historic extent 

of the battle as it unfolded across the 

landscape. The Study Area contains resources 

known to relate to or contribute to the battle 

event: where troops maneuvered and 

deployed, immediately before, during, and 

after combat, and where they fought during 

combat. Historic accounts, terrain analysis, 

and feature identification inform the 

delineation of the Study Area boundary. The 

Study Area indicates the extent to which 

historic and archeological resources associated 

with the battle (areas of combat, command, 

communications, logistics, medical services, 

etc.) may be found. Surveyors delineated 

Study Area boundaries for every battle site 

that was positively identified through 

research and field survey, regardless of its 

present integrity. 

The Core Area represents the areas of 

fighting on the battlefield. Positions that 

delivered or received fire, and the intervening 

space and terrain between them, fall within 

the Core Area. Frequently described as 

“hallowed ground,” land within the Core 

Area is often the first to be targeted for 

protection. There may be more than one 

Core Area on a battlefield, but all lie within 

the Study Area. 

Unlike the Study and Core Areas, which are 

based only upon the interpretation of historic 

events, the Potential National Register 

(PotNR) boundary represents ABPP’s 

assessment of a Study Area’s current integrity 

(the surviving landscape and features that 

convey the site’s historic sense of place). The 

PotNR boundary may include all or some of 

the Study Area, and all or some of the Core 

Area. Lands within PotNR boundaries should 

be considered worthy of further attention, 

although future evaluations may reveal more 

or less integrity than indicated by the ABPP 

surveys. 

Looking at each Study Area, the surveyors 

assigned PotNR boundaries where they 

judged that enough battlefield land 

remained to convey the significance of the 

engagement. In a few cases, the PotNR 

boundary encompasses the entire Study 

Area. In most cases, however, the PotNR 

boundary includes less land than identified 

in the full Study Area. 

In assigning PotNR boundaries, the ABPP 

followed National Register of Historic 

Places guidelines when identifying and 

mapping areas that retain integrity and 

cohesion within the Study Areas.4

 

However, because the ABPP focuses only 

on areas of battle, the ABPP did not 

evaluate lands adjacent to the Study Area 

that may contribute to a broader historical 

and chronological definition of “cultural 

landscape.” Lands outside of the Study 

Area associated with other historic events 

and cultural practices may need to be 

evaluated in preparation for a formal 

nomination of the cultural landscape. 

Most importantly, the PotNR boundary 

does not constitute a formal 

determination of eligibility by the 

Keeper of the National Register of 

Historic Places.

5

 The PotNR boundary is 

designed to be used as a planning tool for 

government agencies and the public. Like 

the Study and Core Area boundaries, the 

PotNR boundary places no restriction on 

private property use. 

The term integrity, as defined by the 

National Register of Historic Places, is “the 

ability of a property to convey its 

significance.”6

 While assessments of 

integrity are subjective, battlefields can 

have integrity only if they can be positively 

located through research and “groundtruthing,” and only if significant portions 

 

4

 For general guidance about integrity issues and National Register properties, see National Park Service, How to Apply the National 

Register Criteria for Evaluation (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, revised 1997). The survey evaluations described 

above do not meet the more stringent integrity standards for National Historic Landmark designation. See National Park Service, 

How to Prepare National Historic Landmark Nominations (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1999), 36- 37. 5

 See 36 CFR 60.1- 14 for regulations about nominating a property to the National Register and 36 CFR 63 for regulations concerning 

Determinations of Eligibility for inclusion in the National Register. 6

 National Park Service, Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating, and Registering America’s Historic Battlefields, 1992; Revised 1999 

(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division). Archeological integrity 

was not examined during this study, but should be considered in future battlefield studies and formal nominations to the National 

Register.
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 9 

of the landscape’s historic terrain have not been substantially disturbed. Other conditions 

contribute to the degree of integrity a battlefield retains: 

• the quantity and quality of surviving battle-period resources (e.g., buildings, 

roads, fence lines, military structures, and archeological features); 

• the quantity and quality of the spatial relationships between and among 

those resources and the intervening terrain that connects them; 

• the extent to which current battlefield land use is similar to battle-period 

land use; and 

• the extent to which a battlefield’s physical features and overall character 

visually communicate an authentic sense of the sweep and setting of the 

battle. 

Natural changes in vegetation—woods growing out of historic farm fields, for example—

do not necessarily diminish the landscape’s integrity. Significant changes in land use since 

the Civil War do affect integrity; the degree to which post-war development has altered 

and fragmented the historic landscape and destroyed historic features is critical when 

assessing integrity. Still, some post-battle development is expected; slight or moderate 

change within the battlefield may not substantially diminish a battlefield’s integrity. 

Often these post-battle “non-contributing” elements are included in the PotNR boundary 

in accordance with National Register of Historic Places guidelines. 

The Potential National Register boundaries therefore indicate which battlefields are likely

eligible for future listing in the National Register of Historic Places and likely deserving of 

future preservation efforts. If a surveyor determined that a battlefield was entirely 

compromised by land use incompatible with the preservation of historic features (i.e., it 

has little or no integrity), it did not receive a PotNR boundary. 

In cases where a battlefield is already listed in the National Register of Historic Places, 

surveyors reassessed the existing documentation based on current scholarship and resource 

integrity, and, when appropriate, provided new information and proposed new 

boundaries as part of the surveys. As a result, some PotNR boundaries will contain or share 

a boundary with lands already listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In other 

cases, PotNR boundaries will exclude listed lands that have lost integrity (see Table 4.)7

The data from which all three boundaries are drawn do not necessarily reflect the full 

research needed for a formal National Register nomination. Potential National Register 

boundaries are based on an assessment of aboveground historic features associated with 

the cultural and natural landscape. The surveys did not include a professional 

archeological inventory or assessment of subsurface features or indications. In some cases, 

future archeological testing will help determine whether subsurface features remain, 

whether subsurface battle features convey important information about a battle or 

historic property, and whether that information may help to confirm, refine, or refute the 

boundaries previously determined by historic studies and terrain analysis. 

 

7

 The ABPP’s surveys and PotNR assessments do not constitute formal action on behalf of the office of the National Register of 

Historic Places. PotNR assessments are intended for planning purposes only; they do not carry the authority to add, change, or

remove an official listing. 
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 10 

The ABPP survey information should be reassessed during future compliance processes 

such as the Section 106 process required by the National Historic Preservation Act 8

 and 

Environmental Impact Statements/Environmental Assessments required by the National 

Environmental Policy Act.9

 Likewise, more detailed research and assessments should take 

place when any battlefield is formally nominated to the National Register of Historic Places 

or proposed for designation as a National Historic Landmark. New research and intensivelevel surveys of these sites will enlighten future preservation and compliance work. 

Agencies should continue to consult local and state experts for up-to-date information 

about these battlefields. 

While a portion of the Antietam battlefield has been listed in the National Register of 

Historic Places, and a portion of the Monocacy battlefield is designated as a National 

Historic Landmark (see Table 4), the ABPP has identified PotNR boundaries within the 

Study Areas of these battlefields that could guide efforts to expand existing registration 

boundaries. Based on the ABPP’s evaluation, more than 95 percent of the total Study Area 

at Antietam and almost 33 percent of the total Study Area at Monocacy retain enough 

integrity to be included within a PotNR boundary. 

At Boonsboro, Folck’s Mill, Hancock, South Mountain, and Williamsport, no known 

efforts have been undertaken to place these battlefields in the National Register of 

Historic Places. However, the ABPP estimates that approximately 71 percent of these 

battlefields’ Study Areas retain enough integrity to be included within PotNR boundaries.10

In total, the ABPP estimates that approximately 69 percent of all battlefield Study Areas in 

the State of Maryland have enough integrity to merit listing in the National Register of 

Historic Places.11

Questionnaires 

While the ABPP maintains data about its own program activities at Civil War battlefields, 

most preservation work occurs at the local level. Therefore, to carry out the Congressional 

directive for information about activities at the battlefields, the ABPP sought input from 

local battlefield managers and advocacy organizations. The ABPP distributed 

questionnaires designed to gather information about the types of preservation activities 

that have taken place at the battlefields since 1993. The Questionnaire is reproduced in 

Appendix B. 

In Maryland, representatives from six organizations completed and returned the 

questionnaires. Their responses, combined with the survey findings, allowed the ABPP to 

create a profile of conditions and activities at Maryland’s Civil War battlefields. 

 

8

 16 USC 470f. 

9

 42 USC 4331- 4332. 

10 ABPP’s estimate of approximately 71 percent is an average of the PotNR percentages for Hancock (99 percent), South Mountain

(74 percent), Boonsboro (69 percent), Folck’s Mill (61 percent), and Williamsport (56 percent). 11 ABPP’s estimate of approximately 69 percent is an average of the PotNR percentages for Hancock (99 percent), Antietam (95 

percent), South Mountain (74 percent), Boonsboro (69 percent), Folck’s Mill (61 percent), Williamsport (56 percent) and 

Monocacy (33 percent). 
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 11 

Figure 2. Residential and commercial construction along US Route 40 has significantly damaged 

the Boonsboro battlefield terrain in Washington County, Maryland. Photograph by Lisa Rupple, 

2005. 
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 12 

Summary of Conditions of Maryland’s Civil War Battlefields 

Quantified Land Areas 

Using Geographic Information Systems, the ABPP calculated the amount of land 

historically associated with the battle (Study Area), the amount of land where forces were 

engaged (Core Area), and the amount of land that may retain enough integrity to be 

eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and that remains to be 

protected (Potential National Register boundary). 

As noted above and as Table 2 illustrates, the Study Areas and Core Areas of Maryland’s 

Civil War battlefields have been established in accordance with ABPP research and field 

survey methodology. Particular attention was paid to identifying the routes of approach 

and withdrawal associated with each battle, and to identifying areas of secondary action 

that influenced the course or outcome of the battles. The Study Area and Core Area 

boundaries established for each battlefield take these movements and actions into 

account, recognizing the extent to which theses ancillary areas facilitate greater 

understanding of the battle story. Please see the individual battlefield profiles for more 

information about the extent of and reasons for the established boundaries.

Condition Assessments 

Using field survey data, the ABPP assessed the overall condition of each battlefield’s Study 

Area. While no battlefield remains completely unaltered since the Civil War, Antietam 

and South Mountain have suffered little alteration to the character defining features of 

their landscapes. While some damage from housing construction and associated 

infrastructure development has occurred at both battlefields, the Study Areas retain their 

historic rural character with the majority of historically significant terrain features, 

buildings, road networks, and viewsheds intact. 

Boonsboro and Hancock have experienced moderate change to their terrain and 

aboveground battle features during the past 150 years.12 Larger portions of these 

battlefields have been altered by modern residential and commercial construction than at 

Antietam or South Mountain. Development along Maryland Route 66 and US Route 40 

 

12 The condition of archeological resources within the battlefields was not assessed. Future studies are needed to determine the

degree of archeological integrity associated with subsurface battle deposits. 

Table 2. Battlefield Area Statistics 

   Battlefield Study Area Core Area 

PoNR 

Boundary

   Antietam (MD003) 19,396.21 4,160.89 18,543.99

   Boonsboro (MD006) 4,560.61 1,098.44 3,159.74

   Folck's Mill (MD008) 5,244.86 687.89 3,247.09

   Hancock (MD001) 417.95 277.72 415.16

   Monocacy (MD007) 10,654.46 3,092.29 3,505.61

   South Mountain (MD002) 11,557.21 2,398.56 8,529.69

   Williamsport (MD004) 43,858.34 4,039.57 24,679.58

  

Boundary figures reflect only those areas in Maryland. See the Individual Battlefield Profiles for information 

about the size of battlefield lands as they extend into West Virginia. 

                    
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 13 

has significantly damaged the Boonsboro landscape, and US Route 522, a busy four-lane 

highway, divides the Hancock battlefield in half. Despite these modern incursions, most 

essential battlefield features have not been destroyed. The road network at Boonsboro

retains its 1863 alignment, offering an opportunity to identify the axis of battle 

movements. The surrounding topography, which is also relatively unaltered, provides a 

context for interpreting the battlefield’s history. At Hancock, the town’s historic district 

includes two battle damaged churches, an uncompromised street configuration, and a 

viewshed from the historic canal to the Confederate artillery position on Orrick’s Hill. 

Damage to the battlefield landscapes of Folck’s Mill, Monocacy, and Williamsport has 

been more extensive, with much of the terrain suffering alteration and fragmentation. At 

Folck’s Mill, construction of Interstate 68 as a replacement for the old National Pike and 

rerouting of US Route 40 have altered transportation corridors such that the modern-day 

approach routes to the battlefield’s Core Area are not the same as those taken by forces in 

1864. During construction of the two roads, Union and Confederate artillery positions 

were destroyed. Today, Interstate 68 traverses the battlefield’s Core Area, replacing the 

landscape of most intense fighting with highway traffic. 

At Monocacy, portions of the battlefield that have not been protected within the 

boundaries of the national park have been overrun by development sprawling from the 

City of Frederick. As with Interstate 68 at Folck’s Mill, the construction of Interstate 270, 

which bisects Monocacy, has not only destroyed a portion of battlefield landscape, it has 

also altered visitor perception of the battle. The modern-day route of approach is 

drastically different from the path taken by soldiers as they entered the Core Area of 

battle at Monocacy. The few battlefield features that remain intact outside the 

boundaries of the national park include bridge ruins and river crossing sites along the 

Monocacy River. Similarly, development expanding from Hagerstown has engulfed much 

of the Williamsport battlefield landscape. However, land still in agricultural use retains 

the rolling topography of 1863, Confederate crossing points on the Potomac River are still 

identifiable, and modern roads retain historic alignments. 

Registration 

The nation’s official method for recognizing historic properties worthy of preservation is 

listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Registered battlefields meet 

national standards for documentation, physical integrity, and demonstrable significance to 

 Table 3: Condition Summary 

Condition Battlefield 

Land use is little changed (2) Antietam, South Mountain 

Portions of landscape have been altered, but most 

essential features remain (2)

Boonsboro, Hancock 

Much of the landscape has been altered and 

fragmented, leaving some essential features (3)

Folck’s Mill, Monocacy, 

Williamsport 

Landscape and terrain have been altered beyond 

recognition (0)

None 

Battlefields that were not assessed (0) None
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 14 

the history of our nation. Federal, state, and local agencies use information from the 

NRHP as a planning tool to identify and make decisions about cultural resources. Federal 

and state laws, most notably Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 

require agencies to account for the effects their projects (roads, wetland permits, 

quarrying, cell towers, etc.) may have on listed and eligible historic properties, such as 

battlefields. Listing allows project designers to quickly identify the battlefield and avoid or 

minimize impacts to the landscape. 

Properties listed in the NRHP are also eligible for numerous federal and state historic 

preservation grant programs. Recognition as a registered battlefield may also advance 

public understanding of and appreciation for the battlefield, and may encourage advocacy 

for its preservation.13 

As Table 4 indicates, areas within the Antietam battlefield Study Area corresponding with 

the boundaries of the Antietam National Battlefield are already listed in the NRHP. This 

piece of the battlefield was registered in 1966, prior to the CWSAC’s study in the early 

1990s and includes only 17 percent of the total battlefield area. ABPP’s surveys indicate 

that additional lands of more than 15,200 acres may be eligible for NRHP listing. 

Likewise, the portions of Monocacy battlefield that are included within the boundaries of 

the Monocacy National Battlefield were registered as a National Historic Landmark(NHL) in 

1973. ABPP’s surveys indicate additional lands of more than 1,800 acres may be eligible for 

addition to the existing NHL designation. 

Table 4 compares the number of acres already designated or listed with the number of 

acres that are likely to meet the same criteria, but are not currently part of the existing 

NRHP boundary. No land associated with the battlefields of Boonsboro, Folck’s Mill, 

Hancock, South Mountain, and Williamsport has been listed in the NRHP, but the ABPP 

has found, based on association with the these five Civil War battles, approximately 40,000 

acres of land in Maryland eligible for listing. 

 

13 There are three levels of federal recognition for historic properties: Congressional designations such as national park units, 

National Historic Landmarks, and listings in the National Register of Historic Places. Congress creates national park units. The 

Secretary of the Interior designates National Historic Landmarks (NHL) – nationally significant historic sites – for their exceptional 

value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is 

the nation’s official list of cultural sites significant at the national, state, or local level and worthy of preservation. National park

units and NHLs are also treated as listed in the National Register. 

Table 4: Acres Registered Compared with Acres Potentially 

Eligible to be Registered

 Battlefield Designation

PotNR 

Acres 

*Registered 

Acres

Unlisted 

Acres

 Antietam (MD003) NRHP 18543.99 3,278.83 15,265.17 

 Boonsboro (MD006) 3,159.74 0.00 3,159.74 

 Folck's Mill (MD008) 3,247.09 0.00 3,247.09 

 Hancock (MD001) 415.16 0.00 415.16 

 Monocacy (MD007) NHL 3,505.61 1,622.15 1,883.46 

 South Mountain (MD002) 8,529.69 0.00 8,529.69 

 Williamsport (MD004) 24,679.58 0.00 24,679.58 

 Totals 62,080.86 4,900.98 66,981.85

 * Note that some National Register lands may have lost integrity since they were listed
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 15 

Stewardship 

In recent decades, land conservation efforts in the State of Maryland have been aggressive, 

and efforts focusing on Civil War battlefield terrain preservation have benefited directly 

from this trend. 

More than 8,000 acres of Maryland’s Civil War battlefield landscapes have been protected 

through fee simple purchase. In addition to land associated with the Antietam National 

Battlefield and Monocacy National Battlefield parks, the National Park Service owns land 

associated with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, which overlaps 

portions of Folck’s Mill, Hancock and Williamsport, and land associated the 

Appalachian National Scenic Trail, which overlaps with portions of South Mountain. 

Together, National Park Service holdings at these six battlefields account for 73 percent of 

the 8,000-acre total, while Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) holdings at 

Antietam, Boonsboro, Folck’s Mill, Hancock, South Mountain and Williamsport

account for another 24 percent. In addition to this federal and state owned land, the 

nonprofit Civil War Preservation Trust has purchased land at Antietam representing 2 

percent of the total. The remaining acreage (1 percent) is divided among property owned 

by the County of Washington at Antietam, and monument areas owned by the states of 

New Jersey and Vermont at Monocacy. 

Landscape preservation efforts in the State of Maryland have also achieved great success 

by depending heavily on the purchase of development rights in the form of easements. 

More than 7,400 acres of battlefield terrain are currently protected through easements. 

The DNR has provided strong leadership as easement-holder for approximately 42 percent 

of the 7,400 acres. The DNR-held easements include more than 2,000 acres at Antietam, 

more than 1,000 acres at South Mountain, and more than 47 acres at Williamsport. In 

addition to the DNR’s efforts, the Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation 

(MALPF) holds easements on approximately 20 percent of easement-protected battlefield 

land in Maryland. Although the MALPF’s mission is not specific to battlefield landscape 

preservation, it currently protects more than 830 acres at Antietam, almost 180 acres at 

Boonsboro, and nearly 470 acres at Williamsport. Easements held by the National Park 

Service on private properties within and surrounding the boundaries of the Antietam

National Battlefield and Monocacy National Battlefield parks account for more than 1,000 

of the 7,400 easement-protected acres in Maryland (about 15 percent). Stewardship of the 

remaining 23 percent of the 7,400 acres is divided among a variety of historic preservation 

and land conservation groups. These organizations include the Land Trust of the Eastern 

Panhandle (6 percent), the Maryland Environmental Trust (5 percent), the Maryland 

Historical Trust (3 percent), the Land Preservation Trust (3 percent), the Mid-Maryland Land 

Trust Association (3 percent), the Save Historic Antietam Foundation (2 percent), and the 

Lower Shore Land Trust (1 percent). 

Together, the combined and complementary methods of fee simple land acquisition and 

easement purchase have enabled federal, state, and local governments, along with 

nonprofit organizations, to protect more than 15,400 acres of battlefield land in the State 

of Maryland. With financial support from state initiatives such as Program Open Space,14

and federal funding provided by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 

(ISTEA) and Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21),15 Maryland’s 

 

14 Program Open Space (POS) was established under the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in 1969. This land acquisition 

grant program is funded by a real estate transfer tax, and provides money for the purchase of state parks, forests, and wildlife habitat, 

as well as natural, scenic, and cultural resources for public use. 

15 The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and its successor program, the Transportation Equity Act for the 

21st Century (TEA- 21), require a portion of state surface transportation funding to be dedicated to transportation enhancements, 

which may include historic preservation projects and the purchase of scenic easements. In Maryland, this funding has been 

administered by the Department of Transportation.
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 16 

battlefield preservation successes have been impressive. Yet, it is important to note that 

the majority of remaining intact battlefield terrain in the state – just over 46,600 acres – is 

still held in private, unprotected ownership. 

 Public Access and Interpretation 

In its questionnaire, the ABPP asked battlefield stewards about the types of public access 

and interpretation available at the battlefield. The ABPP did not collect information about 

the purpose or intent of the interpretation and access, such as whether a wayside exhibit 

was developed for purely educational reasons, to promote heritage tourism, or to boost 

local economic development. 

 The ABPP asked respondents to indicate the type of interpretation available at or about 

the battlefield. The categories included brochures, driving tours, living history 

demonstrations, maintained historic features or areas, walking tours and trails, wayside 

exhibits, websites, and other specialized programs. The results indicate that all of 

Maryland’s Civil War battlefields offer some degree of public interpretation. 

Table 5. Protective Stewardship of Battlefield Land 

  

Battlefield Permanently 

Protected 

Acres

ABPP 

PotNR 

Acres

Unprotected, 

Intact Acres 

Remaining

   Antietam (MD003) 8,002.25 18,543.99 10,541.74

   Boonsboro (MD006) 181.13 3,159.74 2,978.61

   Folck's Mill (MD008) 1,033.41 3,247.09 2,213.68

   Hancock (MD001) 50.33 415.16 364.83

   Monocacy (MD007) 1,577.43 3,505.61 1,928.18

   South Mountain (MD002) 3,226.29 8,529.69 5,303.40

   Williamsport (MD004) 1,399.06 24,679.58 23,280.52

Totals 15,469.90 62,080.86 46,610.96

Table 6: Interpretation Summary

On-site Interpretation Battlefield

Battlefields with public interpretation, including 

visitors center (2)

Antietam (MD003) 

Monocacy (MD007)

Battlefields with public interpretation, but no 

visitors center (5) 

Boonsboro (MD006) 

Folck’s Mill (MD008) 

Hancock (MD001) 

South Mountain (MD002) 

Williamsport (MD004)

Battlefields with no public interpretation (0) None
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 17 

More than 19 percent of the Folck’s Mill battlefield is accessible as portions of the 

National Park Service’s Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, and the 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources areas including, Rocky Gap State Park, Green 

Warrior Mountain Wildlife Management Area, and Green Ridge State Forest. At 

Antietam, 16 percent of the battlefield landscape is publicly accessible within National 

Park Service-managed areas (Antietam National Battlefield, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 

National Historical Park, and Harpers Ferry National Historical Park) and Maryland 

Department of Natural Resources sites (Weverton-Roxbury Rail Corridor, Gathland State 

Park, South Mountain State Park and the Mount Briar Wetland Preserve). Williamsport

and Boonsboro each offer access to approximately 1 percent of their total battlefield 

Study Areas via portions of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park 

(Williamsport) and Weverton-Roxbury Rail Corridor (Williamsport and Boonsboro). 

Approximately 12 percent of the Study Areas for each of the remaining Maryland 

battlefields – Monocacy, Hancock and South Mountain – are publically accessible. At 

Monocacy, this includes the Monocacy National Battlefield, which contains two small 

memorial sites owned by the states of New Jersey and Vermont. At Hancock, public 

access is available via the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park and Western 

Maryland Rail Trail. The South Mountain battlefield historic landscape can be accessed 

via South Mountain State Park, Gathland State Park, Washington Monument State Park, 

and portions of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail. 

Figure 3. At Gathland State Park in Washington and Frederick Counties, Maryland, interpretive 

signage provides visitors with information about the battle of South Mountain. Photograph by 

Lisa Rupple, 2005. 

 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 18 

Local Advocacy

Nonprofit organizations play important roles in protecting historic battlefields. These 

organizations step in to preserve historic sites when public funding and management for 

historic preservation are absent. When public funding is available, nonprofits serve as vital 

partners in public-private preservation efforts, acting as conduits for public funds, raising 

critical private matching funds, keeping history and preservation in the public eye, and 

working with landowners to find ways to protect battlefield parcels. 

Unfortunately, the Boonsboro, Folck’s Mill, Hancock, Monocacy and Williamsport

battlefields do not have nonprofit groups to advocate for preservation interests. Only 

Antietam and South Mountain benefit from the efforts of private nonprofit groups. 

Since 1986, the Save Historic Antietam Foundation, Inc. (SHAF) has worked with citizens 

and elected officials to advocate for the preservation of Antietam’s battlefield landscape. 

The organization’s efforts have included fundraising for land and easement acquisition. 

Similarly, the Antietam Partners formed in 2002 with the goal of raising private funds to 

support land acquisition, historic structure restoration, and youth education activities at 

the Antietam National Battlefield. 

The Friends of South Mountain State Battlefield formed in 2002 to facilitate the 

development of public-private partnerships in support of preservation and interpretation 

efforts at the South Mountain battlefield. The organization provides funding to support 

two Civil War museums, reenactments of the Battle of South Mountain, lighting of the 

War Correspondent's Arch, and additional community education projects. 

While other organizations with more general historical interests may also play important 

roles in preserving Maryland’s battlefields, Table 7 identifies the only known local 

organizations in Maryland dedicated solely to the goals of battlefield preservation, 

interpretation, and promotion. 

Table 7: Active Battlefield Friends Groups 

Battlefield Friends Group(s) 

Year 

Founded

Antietam (MD003) Antietam Partners

Save Historic Antietam Foundation, Inc. 

2002

1986 

Boonsboro (MD006) None

Folck’s Mill (MD008) None

Hancock (MD001) None

Monocacy (MD007) None

South Mountain (MD002) Friends of South Mountain State Battlefield 2002

Williamsport (MD004) None

 
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Battlefield Profile Glossary 

Location County or city in which the battlefield is located. 

Campaign Name of military campaign of which the battle was part. Campaign 

 names are taken from The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the 

 Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 

 

Battle Date(s) Day or days upon which the battle took place, as determined by the 

 Civil War Sites Advisory Commission. 

Principal Commanders Ranking commanders of opposing forces during the battle. 

Forces Engaged Name or description of largest units engaged during the battle. 

Results Indicates battle victor or inconclusive outcome. 

Study Area Acres within the Study Area, as determined by the ABPP, 

 that represent the historic extent of the battle upon the landscape.

Potential National Acres of land that retain historic character and may be eligible for

Register Lands listing in the National Register of Historic Places, as determined by 

 ABPP. 

 

Protected Lands Estimated acres (based on questionnaires and GIS) of battlefield land 

set aside or placed under permanent easement since the Civil War for 

 the purposes of maintaining the historic character of the landscape 

 and for preventing future impairment or destruction of the landscape 

 and historic features. 

Publicly Accessible Estimated acres (based on responses to questionnaires) maintained 

Lands for public visitation. 

 

Management Area Name of historic site, park, or other area maintained for resource 

 protection and/or public visitation.

Friends Group(s) Name of local advocacy organization(s) that support preservation 

 activities at/for the battlefield. 

Preservation Indicates which types of preservation activities have taken place at 

Activities the battlefield since 1993 (based on responses to questionnaires). 

Since 1993 

 

Public Indicates which types of interpretation/educational activities have 

Interpretation taken place at the battlefield since 1993 (based on 

Since 1993 responses to questionnaires).

Condition Statement The ABPP’s assessment of the overall condition of the battlefield’s 

 Study Area (based on field surveys and responses to questionnaires). 

Historical Designation Notes the most prestigious historical designation the battlefield has 

 received (i.e. national park unit, National Historic Landmark, or 

 National Register of Historic Places). 

Individual Battlefield Profiles 
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 20 

Antietam (MD003) 

Location Washington County, Maryland, and Jefferson County, West 

Virginia 

Campaign Maryland Campaign (September 1862) 

Battle Date(s) September 16-18, 1862 

Principal Commanders Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan [US]; Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS] 

Forces Engaged Army of the Potomac, 60,000 [US]; Army of Northern Virginia, 

 40,000 [CS] 

Results Union victory 

Study Area 20,906.82 acres (19,396.21 acres in Maryland; 1,510.61 acres in 

 West Virginia) 

Boundary increases are based on Antietam’s seven-mile battlefront, 

the Confederate approach route from Harpers Ferry, and three 

Federal approaches from South Mountain.

Potential National 20,059.60 acres (18,544.00 acres in Maryland; 1,515.60 acres in 

Register Lands West Virginia) 

 

Protected Lands 8,002.25 acres 

National Park Service, 2,979.14 acres, fee simple 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), 2,060.66 acres, 

easement 

National Park Service, 845.20 acres, easement 

Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation, 831.31 acres, 

easement (DNR is co-holder) 

Land Trust of the Eastern Panhandle, 424.00 acres, easement 

Land Preservation Trust, 226.23 acres, easement (DNR is co-holder) 

Maryland Environmental Trust, 200.43 acres, easement 

Save Historic Antietam Foundation, 147.15 acres, easement (DNR is coholder) 

Civil War Preservation Trust, 145.80 acres, fee simple 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 122.68 acres, fee simple 

Washington County Parks, Recreation and Facilities, 19.65 acres, 

 fee simple 

Publicly Accessible Lands 3,121.47 acres 

National Park Service, Antietam National Battlefield, 1,937.20 acres 

National Park Service, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical 

Park, 932.49 acres 

National Park Service, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 

 109.45 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Weverton-Roxbury 

Corridor Rail Trail, 47.13 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Gathland State 

Park, 38.54 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, South Mountain State 

Park, 37.01 acres 

Washington County Parks, Recreation and Facilities, Mount Briar 

Wetland Preserve, 19.65 acres 

Management Area(s) Antietam National Battlefield 

 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park 

 Gathland State Park 

 Harpers Ferry National Historical Park 
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 21 

 Mount Briar Wetland Preserve 

 South Mountain State Park 

 Weverton-Roxbury Rail Corridor 

Friends Group(s) Antietam Partners (2002) 

 Save Historic Antietam Foundation, Inc. (1986) 

Preservation Activities 9 Advocacy 

Since 1993 9 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

9 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

9 Land or Development Rights Purchased 

 Legislation 

9 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 

9 Other 

 Part-time staff for Save Historic Antietam Foundation 

 Student/Teacher Video

Public Interpretation 9 Brochure(s) 

Since 1993 9 Driving Tour 

9 Living History 

9 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

9 Visitor Center 

9 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs 

9 Website 

 http://www.nps.gov/anti/ 

9 Other 

 Audio Tour 

 Museum 

 Museum Store 

 Theater 

 Events 

 Educational programs 

Condition Statement Land use is little changed since the period of significance. Much 

of the battlefield Study Area retains a rural character similar to 

that of the 1862 agricultural landscape. The Potomac River, 

Antietam Creek, South Mountain and lower foothills of Red Hill 

and Hawk's Hill provide a relatively unchanged context for 

interpretation of the battlefield. Where housing development has 

occurred along the western face of Red Hill, structures have been 

tucked into flat areas between the rolling hills. These swales, 

along with tree cover, help to minimize the visual impact of 

construction. Low-density housing has also been constructed 

along the largest bend of the Potomac River in a wooded area off 

Powell Road. In the town of Sharpsburg, many historic structures 

and roads are intact, but some non-contributing housing has been 

constructed along Maryland Route 65 and in areas to the 

southwest of town. Antietam remains the state’s best opportunity 

for comprehensive battlefield preservation.

Historical Designation National Register of Historic Places (1966)
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 23 

Boonsboro (MD006) 

Location Washington County 

Campaign Gettysburg Campaign (June-August 1863) 

Battle Date(s) July 8, 1863 

Principal Commanders Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton [US]; Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart [CS] 

Forces Engaged First and Third U.S. Cavalry Divisions [US]; Stuart’s Cavalry 

 Division [CS] 

Results Confederate victory 

Study Area 4,560.61 acres 

The boundary has been expanded to include the Federal approach 

from South Mountain and the Confederate approach and retreat 

between Williamsport and Funkstown and Boonsboro. 

Potential National 3,159.74 acres 

Register Lands 

Protected Lands 181.13 acres 

 Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation, 178.00 acres, easement 

 Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 3.13 acres, fee simple 

Publicly Accessible Lands 3.13 acres

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Weverton-Roxbury 

Rail Corridor, 3.13 acres 

Management Area(s) Weverton-Roxbury Rail Corridor 

Friends Group(s) None

Preservation Activities 9 Advocacy 

Since 1993 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

 Land or Development Rights Purchased 

 Legislation 

9 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 

Public Interpretation Brochure(s) 

Since 1993 Driving Tour 

 Living History 

 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

 Visitor Center 

 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs

 Website 

 Other 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 24 

Condition Statement Portions of the landscape have been altered, but most essential 

features remain. Modern residential and retail construction have 

destroyed portions of the battlefield surrounding the City of 

Boonsboro and construction along Maryland Route 66 and US 

Route 40 has significantly damaged the battlefield terrain. 

Development of new homes and associated roadwork at the 

intersection of Interstate 68 and US Route 40 will result in further 

destruction if left unchecked. Despite these intrusions, the low 

undulating hills that characterized this region during the battle 

still provide context for understanding the battlefield’s history, 

and the road network, which retains its 1863 alignment, helps to 

identify the axis of battle movement. With swift action, these 

remaining portions of the Boonsboro battlefield can be preserved. 

Historical Designation None 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 25 
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Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 26 

Folck’s Mill (MD008) 

Location Allegany County 

Campaign Early’s Raid and Operations against the B&O Railroad (June- 

 August 1864 

Battle Date(s) August 1, 1864 

Principal Commanders Brig. Gen. Benjamin F. Kelly [US]; Brig. Gen. John McCausland [CS] 

Forces Engaged Cumberland Garrison [US]; McCausland’s and Johnson’s Cavalry 

Brigades [CS] 

Results Union Victory 

Study Area 5,244.86 acres 

The revised boundaries include the route taken by Confederate cavalry 

brigades towards Cumberland, the area of skirmishing where Union 

soldiers and Cumberland citizens ambushed Confederate cavalrymen, 

and the Confederate route of withdrawal. 

Potential National 3,247.09 acres 

Register Lands 

Protected Lands 1,033.41 acres 

National Park Service, 519.47 acres, fee simple 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 513.94 acres, fee simple 

Publicly Accessible Lands 1,033.41 acres 

National Park Service, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National 

Historical Park, 519.47 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Rocky Gap State Park, 

330.75 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Green Warrior Mountain 

Wildlife Management Area, 125.15 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Green Ridge State Forest, 

58.04 acres 

Management Area(s) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park 

 Green Ridge State Forest 

 Green Warrior Mountain Wildlife Management Area 

 Rocky Gap State Park 

Friends Group(s) None

Preservation Activities Advocacy 

Since 1993 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects

 Land or Development Rights Purchased 

 Legislation 

 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 

Public Interpretation Brochure(s) 

Since 1993 Driving Tour 

 Living History 

 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 27 

 Visitor Center 

 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs

 Website 

 Other 

Condition Statement Much of the landscape has been altered and fragmented, leaving 

some essential features. With construction of Interstate 68 as a 

replacement for the old National Pike and the re-routing of US 

Route 40 (the old pike), modern-day approach routes to the 

battlefield Core Area bear no resemblance to those of 1864. 

Union artillery positions were destroyed when hills were graded to 

make room for Interstate 68. During the construction of an 

interchange for Interstate 68 and US Route 40 along DeHaven 

Road, the Confederate artillery position was also destroyed, and 

the interstate completely obscures the assault ground at Evitts 

Creek where the Confederates tried to cross. Still, areas that have 

not been destroyed by road construction offer opportunity for 

preservation at Folck’s Mill. 

Historical Designation None 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 28 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 29 

Hancock (MD001) 

Location Washington County, Maryland, and Morgan County, 

West Virginia 

Campaign Jackson’s Operations against the B&O Railroad (January 1862) 

Battle Date(s) January 5-6, 1862 

Principal Commanders Brig. Gen. F.W. Lander [US]; Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson [CS] 

Forces Engaged Garrison of Hancock [US]; The Valley District [CS] 

Results Inconclusive 

Study Area 2,684.44 acres (417.95 acres in Maryland; 2,266.49 acres in 

 West Virginia) 

The revised boundary includes the Confederate route north toward 

the garrison at Hancock, the Confederate artillery position on Orrick’s 

Hill, area of bombardment, and the Confederate route of withdrawal. 

Potential National 1,147.43 acres (415.16 acres in Maryland; 732.27 acres in 

Register Lands West Virginia) 

Protected Lands 50.33 acres 

 National Park Service, 49.61 acres, fee simple 

 Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 0.72 acres, fee simple 

Publicly Accessible Lands 50.33 acres 

National Park Service, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National 

Historical Park, 49.61 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Western Maryland 

Rail Trail, 0.72 acres 

Management Area(s) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park 

 Western Maryland Rail Trail 

Friends Group(s) None

Preservation Activities Advocacy 

Since 1993 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

 Land or Development Rights Purchased 

 Legislation 

 Planning Projects

9 Research and Documentation 

Public Interpretation Brochure(s) 

Since 1993 Driving Tour 

 Living History 

9 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

 Visitor Center 

 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs 

 Website 

 Other 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 30 

Condition Statement Portions of the landscape have been altered, but most essential 

features remain. Modern US Route 522 is a busy four-lane 

highway that divides the battlefield in half, cutting off northern 

terrain from historic resources in the south. Modern residential 

and commercial buildings are located throughout the battlefield 

Study Area, but do not greatly interfere with interpretation of the 

battlefield. The historic district of Hancock retains many buildings 

present in 1862, including two churches damaged during the 

Confederate artillery barrage. The town’s street configuration is 

unchanged and, from the canal, a view of the Confederate hilltop 

artillery position can be seen. Orrick's Hill, which is located 

immediately to the south of the Potomac River, remains 

undeveloped, offering an immediate opportunity for preservation. 

Historical Designation None 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 31 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 32 

Monocacy (MD007) 

Location Frederick County 

Campaign Early’s Raid and Operations against the B&O Railroad (June- 

 August 1864) 

Battle Date(s) July 9, 1864 

Principal Commanders Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace [US]; Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early [CS] 

Forces Engaged Home Guards and Rickett’s (3rd) Division, VI Army Corps [US]; 

2nd Corps Army of Northern Virginia [CS] 

Results Confederate victory 

Study Area 10,654.46 acres 

The revised boundary has been expanded to include a 5.50-mile 

battlefront, the route of the Confederate advance, and the route of 

the Federal retreat.

Potential National 3,505.61 acres 

Register Lands 

Protected Lands 1,577.43 acres 

 National Park Service, 1,348.49 acres, fee simple 

 National Park Service, 228.37 acres, easement 

 State of New Jersey, 0.49 acres, fee simple 

 State of Vermont, 0.08 acres, fee simple 

Publicly Accessible Lands 1,349.06 acres 

 National Park Service, Monocacy National Battlefield, 1,348.49 acres 

 State of New Jersey, 14th New Jersey Monument, 0.49 acres 

 State of Vermont, 10th Vermont Monument, 0.08 acres 

Management Area(s) Monocacy National Battlefield 

Friends Group(s) None

Preservation Activities 9 Advocacy 

Since 1993 9 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

9 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

9 Land or Development Rights Purchased

 Legislation 

9 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 

9 Other 

 Teacher/Student Video

Public Interpretation 9 Brochure(s) 

Since 1993 9 Driving Tour 

9 Living History

9 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

9 Visitor Center 

9 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs 

 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 33 

9 Website 

 http://www.nps.gov/mono/

9 Other 

 Audio Tour 

Condition Statement Much of the landscape has been altered and fragmented, leaving 

some essential features intact. The City of Frederick has continued 

to grow since the Civil War and development extends over a large 

portion of the battlefield. Commercial, industrial, and residential 

land uses dominate areas historically used as farmland. The 

battlefield landscape features that remain are primarily located 

within the national park and to the north along the Monocacy 

River. With approximately 2,000 acres of intact battlefield 

remaining unprotected in this northern area, targeted 

preservation action is appropriate. 

Historical Designation National Historic Landmark (1973) 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 34 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 35 

South Mountain (MD002) 

Location Frederick and Washington Counties 

Campaign Maryland Campaign (September 1862) 

Battle Date(s) September 14, 1862 

Principal Commanders Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan [US]; Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS] 

Forces Engaged 1st, 9th, and 6th Corps Army of the Potomac [US]; Daniel Harvey 

 Hill’s Division and Howell Cobb’s Brigade [CS] 

Results Union victory 

Study Area 11,557.21 acres 

The revised boundary includes routes taken by Union forces pursuing 

Confederate soldiers from Frederick to South Mountain, the areas of 

battle for possession of the South Mountain passes, and the 

Confederate route of retreat.

Potential National 8,529.69 acres 

Register Lands 

Protected Lands 3,226.29 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), 1,295.21 acres, 

 fee simple 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 1,064.15 acres, 

easement 

Maryland Historical Trust, 257.31 acres, easement 

Mid-Maryland Land Trust Association, 225.38 acres, easement 

National Park Service, 174.88 acres, fee simple 

Maryland Environmental Trust, 136.00 acres, easement 

Lower Shore Land Trust, 73.36 acres, easement 

 

Publicly Accessible Lands 1,470.09 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, South Mountain State 

Park, 1,172.11 acres 

National Park Service, Appalachian National Scenic Trail, 

174.88 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Gathland State Park, 

122.45 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Washington Monument 

State Park, 0.65 acres 

Management Area(s) Appalachian National Scenic Trail 

Gathland State Park 

South Mountain Battlefield State Park 

 Washington Monument State Park 

 

Friends Group(s) Friends of South Mountain State Battlefield (2002)

Preservation Activities 9 Advocacy 

Since 1993 9 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

9 Land or Development Rights Purchased

 Legislation 

9 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Final DRAFT – State of Maryland 36 

Public Interpretation 9 Brochure(s) 

Since 1993 9 Driving Tour 

 Living History 

9 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

 Visitor Center 

9 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs 

9 Website 

http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/western/ 

southmountain.html

 Other 

Condition Statement Land use is little changed since the period of significance. Some 

moderate residential housing has been constructed on the 

battlefield Core Area, and power lines have been erected in the 

southeastern portion of the Study Area. Despite this damage to 

the battlefield’s integrity, many defining features, including stone 

walls, historic farms, road alignments, viewsheds, and rugged 

mountain terrain, remain. As such, the overall condition of South 

Mountain offers great potential for comprehensive preservation. 

Historical Designation None 
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Williamsport (MD004) 

Location Washington County, Maryland, Berkeley County, 

West Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania 

Campaign Gettysburg Campaign (June-August 1863) 

Battle Date(s) July 6-16, 1863 

Principal Commanders Maj. Gen. George G. Meade [US]; Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS] 

Forces Engaged Army of the Potomac [US]; Army of Northern Virginia [CS] 

Results Confederate victory 

Study Area 46,348.22 acres (43,858.34 acres in Maryland; 2,194.74 acres in 

 West Virginia; 294.14 acres in Pennsylvania) 

The boundary expansion includes the addition of land associated with 

numerous skirmishes, along with an extensive area fortified by Lee’s 

army.

Potential National 24,966.47 acres (24,679.58 acres in Maryland; 286.89 acres in 

Register Lands West Virginia) 

Protected Lands 1,399.06 acres 

National Park Service, 818.79 acres, fee simple 

Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation, 469.00 acres, 

easement 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 63.80 acres, 

fee simple 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 47.47 acres, easement

Publicly Accessible Lands 882.59 acres 

National Park Service, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical 

Park, 818.79 acres 

Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Weverton-Roxbury Rail 

Corridor, 63.80 acres 

 

Management Area(s) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park 

 Weverton-Roxbury Rail Corridor 

Friends Group(s) None

Preservation Activities 9 Advocacy 

Since 1993 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

9 Land or Development Rights Purchased

 Legislation 

 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 

Public Interpretation Brochure(s) 

Since 1993 Driving Tour 

 Living History 

 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

 Visitor Center 

9 Walking Tour/Trails

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs 

 
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 Website 

9 Other 

 Annual Event

Condition Statement Much of the landscape has been altered and fragmented, leaving 

some essential features. Rampant development from Hagerstown 

has expanded in all directions, rendering the landscape between 

Williamsport and Hagerstown unrecognizable from its 1863 

appearance. The small Civil War crossroad of Half Way has been 

engulfed by industrial, commercial, and residential growth. 

Despite this damage, the rolling topography of areas that remain 

in agricultural use does provide good opportunities for 

interpretation of the battlefield. Modern roads retain historic 

alignments and, in many areas, the roads are lined with Civil Warera stone walls. Historic farmsteads and structures, the Potomac 

River, the Confederate crossing points at Falling Waters and 

Williamsport, and the Antietam River all contribute to the 

remaining integrity of this battlefield. Given the integrity of these 

remaining resources and the extent of threat, Williamsport 

deserves aggressive preservation action at the local, state and 

national levels. 

Historical Designation None 
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Battle of Williamsport (top) 
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Battle of Williamsport (bottom)
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Confederate bombardment of the garrison at Hancock resulted in significant damage to buildings 

extant in the town today. The street configuration in the Hancock historic district is unchanged 

and, from the C&O Canal (pictured above), the Confederate hilltop artillery position can be seen. 

Photograph by Lisa Rupple, 2005.
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Appendices 

Appendix A. Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 

Public Law 107-359, 111 Stat. 3016, 17 December 2002 

Amends the American Battlefield Protection Program Act of 1996 (16 U.S.C. 469k) 

An Act 

 

To amend the American Battlefield Protection Act of 1996 to authorize the Secretary of the Interior 

to establish a battlefield acquisition grant program. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 

Congress assembled, 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ``Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002''. 

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. 

 (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following 

 (1) Civil War battlefields provide a means for the people of 

 the United States to understand a tragic period in the history 

 of the United States. 

 (2) According to the Report on the Nation's Civil War 

 Battlefields, prepared by the Civil War Sites Advisory 

 Commission, and dated July 1993, of the 384 principal Civil War 

 battlefields-- 

 (A) almost 20 percent are lost or fragmented; 

 (B) 17 percent are in poor condition; and 

 (C) 60 percent have been lost or are in imminent 

 danger of being fragmented by development and lost as 

 coherent historic sites. 

 (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are-- 

 (1) to act quickly and proactively to preserve and protect 

 nationally significant Civil War battlefields through 

 conservation easements and fee-simple purchases of those 

 battlefields from willing sellers; and 

 (2) to create partnerships among State and local 

 governments, regional entities, and the private sector to 

 preserve, conserve, and enhance nationally significant Civil War 

 battlefields. 

SEC. 3. BATTLEFIELD ACQUISITION GRANT PROGRAM. 

The American Battlefield Protection Act of 1996 (16 U.S.C. 469k) is amended-- 

 (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as paragraph (3) of 

 subsection (c), and indenting appropriately; 

 (2) in paragraph (3) of subsection (c) (as redesignated by 

 paragraph (1))-- 

 (A) by striking ``Appropriations'' and inserting 

 ``appropriations''; and 

 (B) by striking ``section'' and inserting 
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 ``subsection''; 

 (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following 

 ``(d) Battlefield Acquisition Grant Program.-- 

 ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection 

 ``(A) Battlefield report.--The term `Battlefield 

 Report' means the document entitled `Report on the 

 Nation's Civil War Battlefields', prepared by the Civil 

 War Sites Advisory Commission, and dated July 1993. 

 ``(B) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 

 means a State or local government. 

 ``(C) Eligible site.--The term `eligible site' means 

 a site-- 

 ``(i) that is not within the exterior 

 boundaries of a unit of the National Park System; 

 and 

 ``(ii) that is identified in the Battlefield 

 Report. 

 ``(D) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the 

 Secretary of the Interior, acting through the American 

 Battlefield Protection Program. 

 ``(2) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a 

 battlefield acquisition grant program under which the Secretary 

 may provide grants to eligible entities to pay the Federal share 

 of the cost of acquiring interests in eligible sites for the 

 preservation and protection of those eligible sites. 

 ``(3) Nonprofit partners.--An eligible entity may acquire an 

 interest in an eligible site using a grant under this subsection 

 in partnership with a nonprofit organization. 

 ``(4) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of the total 

 cost of acquiring an interest in an eligible site under this 

 subsection shall be not less than 50 percent. 

 ``(5) Limitation on land use.--An interest in an eligible 

 site acquired under this subsection shall be subject to section 

 6(f)(3) of the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (16 

 U.S.C. 460l-8(f)(3)). 

 ``(6) Reports.-- 

 ``(A) In general.--Not later than 5 years after the 

 date of the enactment of this subparagraph, the 

 Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 

 activities carried out under this subsection. 

 ``(B) Update of battlefield report.--Not later than 

 2 years after the date of the enactment of this 

 subsection, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a 

 report that updates the Battlefield Report to reflect-- 

 ``(i) preservation activities carried out at 

 the 384 battlefields during the period between 

 publication of the Battlefield Report and the 

 update; 

 ``(ii) changes in the condition of the 

 battlefields during that period; and 

 ``(iii) any other relevant developments 

 relating to the battlefields during that period. 

 ``(7) Authorization of appropriations.-- 

 ``(A) In general.--There are authorized to be 

 appropriated to the Secretary from the Land and Water 

 Conservation Fund to provide grants under this 

 subsection $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 
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 through 2008. 

 ``(B) Update of battlefield report.--There are 

 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 

 out paragraph (6)(B), $500,000.''; and 

 (4) in subsection (e)-- 

 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``as of'' and all 

 that follows through the period and inserting ``on 

 September 30, 2008.''; and 

 (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``and provide 

 battlefield acquisition grants'' after ``studies''. 

-end- 
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Appendix B. Battlefield Questionnaire 

State 

Battlefield 

Person Completing Form 

Date of completion 

I. Protected Lands of the Battlefield (“Protected lands” are these “owned” for historic 

preservation or conservation purposes. Please provide information on land protected since 1993.) 

1) Identify protected lands by parcel since 1993. Then answer these questions about each parcel, 

following example in the chart below. What is the acreage of each parcel? Is parcel owned fee 

simple, by whom? Is there is an easement, if so name easement holder? Was the land purchased or 

the easement conveyed after 1993? What was cost of purchase or easement? What was source of 

funding and the amount that source contributed? Choose from these possible sources: Coin money, 

LWCF, Farm Bill, State Government, Local Government, Private Owner, Private Non-Profit (provide 

name), or Other (describe). 

Parcel Acres Owner Easement Year Cost Source 

Joe Smith Farm 194 Private SHPO 1995 $500,000 LWCF/$250,000 

 Private/$250,000 

Sue Jones Tract 16 Battlefield Friends, Inc. No 2002 $41,000 State/$20,000 

 BFI/$21,000 

2) Other public or non-profit lands within the battlefield? (Y/N) 

• If yes, describe 

• Name of public or non-profit owner or easement holder 

• Number of Acres owned/held 

3) Is the information in a GIS? (Y/N) 

 If yes, may NPS obtain a copy of the data? (Y/N) 
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II. Preservation Groups

1) Is there a formal interested entity (friends group, etc) associated with the battlefield? (Y/N)

 If yes 

 Name 

 Address 

 Phone 

 Fax 

 E-mail 

 Web site? (Y/N) 

 If yes, what is the URL? 

 Does the web site have a preservation message? (Y/N) 

 What year did the group form? 

III. Public Access and Interpretation

1) Does the site have designated Public Access? (Y/N) (Count public roads if there are designated 

interpretive signs or pull-offs) 

If yes, what entity provides the public access (Access may occur on lands owned in fee or under 

 easement to the above entities) 

F Federal government 

F State government 

F Local government 

F Private Nonprofit organization 

F Private owner 

F Other 

Name of entity (if applicable) 

Number of Acres Accessible to the Public (size of the area in which the public may physically visit 

without trespassing. Do not include viewsheds.) 

2) Does the site have interpretation? (Y/N) 

If yes, what type of interpretation is available? 

F Visitor Center 

F Brochure(s) 

F Wayside exhibits 

F Driving Tour 

F Walking Tour 

F Audio tour tapes 

F Maintained historic features/areas 

F Living History 

F Website 

F Other 

IV. Registration 

Applies only to the battlefield landscape, not to individual contributing features of a battlefield 

(i.e., the individually listed Dunker Church property of .2 acres does not represent the Antietam 

battlefield for the purposes of this exercise) 

1) Is the site a designated National Historic Landmark? (Y/N) 

 If yes, NHL and ID Number 

2) Is the site listed in the National Register? (Y/N)

 If yes, NRHP Name and ID Number 

3) Is the site listed in the State Register? (Y/N) 

 If yes, State Register Name and ID Number 
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4) Is the site in the State Inventory? (Y/N) 

 If yes, State Inventory Name and ID Number 

5) Is the site designated as a local landmark or historic site? (Y/N) 

 Type of Designation/Listing 

V. Program Activities

What types of preservation program activities have occurred at the battlefield? Provide final 

product name and date if applicable (e.g., Phase I Archeological Survey Report on the Piper Farm, 

1994 and Antietam Preservation Plan, 2001, etc.) 

1) Research and Documentation 

2) Cultural Resource surveys and inventories (building/structure and landscape inventories, 

archeological surveys, landscape surveys, etc.) 

3) Planning Projects (preservation plans, site management plans, cultural landscape reports, etc.) 

4) Interpretation Projects (also includes education) 

5) Advocacy (any project meant to engage the public in a way that would benefit the preservation of 

the site, e.g. PR, lobbying, public outreach, petitioning for action, etc.) 

6) Legislation (any local, state, or federal legislation designed to encourage preservation of the 

battlefield individually or together with other similar sites) 

7) Fundraising 

a. To support program activities? 

b. To support land acquisition/easements? 

8) Other 
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Appendix C. Civil War Battlefield Land Acquisition Grants 

The Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 (PL 107-359) amended the American 

Battlefield Protection Act of 1996 (16 USC 469k) to authorize a matching grant program to 

assist States and local communities in acquiring significant Civil War battlefield lands for 

permanent protection. Most recently, Congress showed its continued support for these 

grants through its reauthorization of this program within the Omnibus Public Land 

Management Act of 2009 (PL 111-11). 

Eligible battlefields are those listed in the 1993 Report on the Nation’s Civil War 

Battlefields prepared by the Congressionally-chartered Civil War Sites Advisory Commission 

(CWSAC). Eligible acquisition projects may be for fee interest in land or for a protective 

interest such as a perpetual easement. 

Since 1998, Congress has appropriated a total of $38.9 million for this Civil War Battlefield 

Land Acquisition Grants (CWBLAG) Program. These grants have assisted in the permanent 

protection of more than 15,742.00 acres at 61 Civil War battlefields in 14 states. While 

CWBLAG monies have helped protect only two battlefields in Maryland, all seven of the 

state’s battlefields are eligible to apply for CWBLAG funding. Given the remarkable 

success of battlefield land and easement acquisition in Maryland, CWBLAG monies can 

provide yet another funding source from which the State and local governments can draw. 

Battlefield 

CWSAC 

Priority 

Total 

Acres 

Acquired

Total

CWBLAG

Funds

Total 

Non-Federal 

Leveraged 

Funds 

Total 

Acquisition

Costs

 

Antietam (MD003) I 624.43 $1,393,940.00 $1,393,940.00 $2,787,880.00

South Mountain I 136.00 $132,000.00 $264,000.00 $396,000.00

 (MD002) 

Total 760.43 $1,525,940.0 $1,657,940.00 $3,183,880.00
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Appendix D. American Battlefield Protection Program Planning Grants 

Since 1992, ABPP has offered annual planning grants to nonprofit organizations, academic 

institutions, and local, regional, state, and tribal governments to help protect battlefields 

located on American soil. Applicants are encouraged to work with partner organizations 

and federal, state, and local government agencies as early as possible to integrate their 

efforts into a larger battle site protection strategy. ABPP has awarded $172,450.00 to 

Maryland’s Civil War battlefields. 

Grantee Year Project Title Award 

 

Central Maryland 1996 Information Repository and Tour $10,550.00

Heritage League Brochure for South Mountain Battlefield 

Maryland Historical Trust 1993 Survey Properties Associated with $15,000.00

 Monocacy Outside Park Boundaries

 1993 South Mountain and Maryland Heights $20,000.00

 Historic Resources Survey

Save Historic Antietam 1999 1862 Maryland Campaign Brochure $16,500.00

Foundation 

 1994 1862 Maryland Campaign $10,400.00

 Interpretation and Preservation Initiative 

 1994 Part-time Staff for Save Historic $15,000.00

 Antietam Foundation

Shepherd College 1996 Project Student/Teacher Video $10,000.00

Foundation 

Washington County 2001 Maryland Civil War Heritage Area Project $75,000.00

Total ABPP Planning Grants to Maryland Battlefields as of FY2009 $172,450.00