U.S. Department of the Interior 

National Park Service 

American Battlefield Protection Program 

Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission 

Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Washington, DC 

March 2010 
Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission 

Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields 

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

National Park Service 

American Battlefield Protection Program 

Washington, DC 

March 2010 

Authority 

The American Battlefield Protection Program Act of 1996, as amended by the Civil War 

Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-359, 111 Stat. 3016, 17 December 

2002), directs the Secretary of the Interior to update the Civil War Sites Advisory 

Commission (CWSAC) Report on the Nation’s Civil War Battlefields. 

Acknowledgments 

National Park Service (NPS) Project Team Paul Hawke, Project Leader; Kathleen 

Madigan, Survey Coordinator; Tanya Gossett and January Ruck, Reporting; Matthew 

Borders, Historian; Kristie Kendall, Program Assistant. 

Battlefield Surveyor(s) Lisa Rupple, American Battlefield Protection Program. 

Respondents Kathi Schue, Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association; Elliott Gruber, 

Gettysburg Foundation; Greg Coco, Brion Fitzgerald, Troy Harman, Scott Hartwig, and 

Katie Lawhon, Gettysburg National Military Park; Larry Wallace, Hanover Battlefield 

Historian; Susan Star Paddock, No Casino Gettysburg; and Sarah Kipp, The Land 

Conservancy of Adams County 

Cover: View of the Trostle Farm at Gettysburg National Military Park, Adams County, 

Pennsylvania. Photograph by Katie Lawhon, 2009. 
Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3

SYNOPSIS ................................................................................................................. 5

METHOD STATEMENT .............................................................................................. 6

RESEARCH AND FIELD SURVEYS ................................................................................................. 6 

QUESTIONNAIRES .................................................................................................................... 9 

SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS OF PENNSYLVANIA’S CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELDS .... 10

QUANTIFIED LAND AREAS ...................................................................................................... 10 

CONDITION ASSESSMENTS ...................................................................................................... 10 

REGISTRATION ...................................................................................................................... 13 

STEWARDSHIP ....................................................................................................................... 14 

PUBLIC ACCESS AND INTERPRETATION ...................................................................................... 14 

LOCAL ADVOCACY ................................................................................................................ 15 

INDIVIDUAL BATTLEFIELD PROFILES ..................................................................... 17

APPENDICES .......................................................................................................... 25

APPENDIX A. CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELD PRESERVATION ACT OF 2002 ........................................... 25 

APPENDIX B. BATTLEFIELD QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................. 28 

APPENDIX C. CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELD LAND ACQUISITION GRANTS ............................................. 31 

APPENDIX D. AMERICAN BATTLEFIELD PROTECTION PROGRAM PLANNING GRANTS........................ 32 
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Introduction 

The information in this report fulfills, in part, the purposes of the Civil War Battlefield 

Preservation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-359, 111 Stat. 3016). Those purposes are: 

1) to act quickly and proactively to preserve and protect nationally significant Civil 

War battlefields through conservation easements and fee-simple purchases of those 

battlefields from willing sellers; and 

2) to create partnerships among state and local governments, regional entities, and 

the private sector to preserve, conserve, and enhance nationally significant Civil 

War battlefields. 

The Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 directs the Secretary of the Interior, 

acting through the American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) of the National Park 

Service, to update the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (CWSAC) Report on the Nation’s 

Civil War Battlefields. The CWSAC was established by Congress in 1991 and published its 

report in 1993. Congress provided funding for this update in FY 2005 and FY 2007. 

Congress asked that the updated report reflect the following: 

• Preservation activities carried out at the 384 battlefields identified by the CWSAC 

during the period between 1993 and the update; 

• Changes in the condition of the battlefields during that period; and 

• Any other relevant developments relating to the battlefields during that period. 

In accordance with the legislation, this report presents information about Civil War 

battlefields in Pennsylvania for use by Congress, federal, state, and local government 

agencies, landowners, and other interest groups. Other state reports will be issued as 

surveys and analyses are completed. 
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 4 

Figure 1. CWSAC Battlefields in Pennsylvania. 
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 5 

Synopsis

In 1993, the CWSAC recognized two battlefields in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania – 

Gettysburg and Hanover. Historically, these battlefields encompassed more than 49,700 

acres. Almost 34,000 acres of battlefield terrain survives at Gettysburg, retaining 

sufficient significance and integrity merit preservation. At Hanover, the battlefield 

landscape has been destroyed. 

When the CWSAC published its findings nearly two decades ago, Gettysburg was ranked 

among the nation’s top priorities for battlefield preservation. Today, there are more than 

8,200 acres of protected land at Gettysburg. While much of the protected land is owned 

by the National Park Service as part of the Gettysburg National Military Park, private nonprofit organizations have saved more than 3,000 acres by acquiring land and purchasing 

development rights through protective easements. 

The conditions at Hanover are much different from those at Gettysburg. The CWSAC did 

not provide a preservation priority ranking for Hanover in 1993, and the battlefield has 

not benefited from federal preservation efforts or the activities of private nonprofit 

preservation groups. There is no protected land at Hanover, and the isolated fragments 

of intact land that survive are too small to convey a sense of the historic battlefield’s 

setting and scope. 

Given these conditions, long-range preservation planning and public-private efforts at 

Gettysburg should continue with consistent and increased vigor. The battlefield terrain 

that has already been lost at Gettysburg was destroyed by the sprawl of development 

from town, and this threat will not likely dissipate. There is no potential for landscape 

preservation at Hanover, but opportunities still exist for battle interpretation and 

commemoration. 

As part of the field research undertaken for this update, conditions at the two battlefields 

have been assessed and the American Battlefield Protection Program has established 

boundaries for Gettysburg and Hanover. 

Once all CWSAC battlefields nationwide have been reassessed and all state updates have 

been completed, the National Park Service will issue updated preservation priorities for 

Gettysburg and Hanover. 
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 6 

Method Statement 

Congress instructed the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the American Battlefield 

Protection Program (ABPP), to report on changes in the condition of the battlefields since 

1993 and on “preservation activities” and “other relevant developments” carried out at 

each battlefield since 1993. To fulfill those assignments, the ABPP 1) conducted site 

surveys of each battlefield and 2) prepared and sent out questionnaires to battlefield 

managers and advocacy organizations (see Appendix B). 

Research and Field Surveys 

The ABPP conducted the field assessments of Pennsylvania battlefields in November 2005 

The surveys entailed additional historical research, on-the-ground documentation and 

assessment of site conditions, identification of impending threats to each site, and site 

mapping. Surveyors used a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver to map historic 

features of each battlefield and used Geographic Information System (GIS) software to 

draw site boundaries. The ABPP retains all final survey materials. Each battlefield survey 

file includes a survey form (field notes, list of defining features, list of documentary 

sources, and a photo log), photographs, spatial coordinates of significant features, and 

boundaries described on USGS topographic maps. The surveys did not include 

archeological investigations for reasons of time and expense. 

Study Areas and Core Areas 

The CWSAC identified a Study Area and a Core Area for each principal battlefield (see 

Figure 2). The CWSAC boundaries have proven invaluable as guides to local land and 

resource preservation efforts at Civil War battlefields. However, since 1993, the National 

Park Service has refined its battlefield survey methodology, which include research, 

working with site stewards, identifying and documenting lines of approach and 

withdrawal used by opposing forces, and applying the concepts of military terrain analysis 

to all battlefield landscapes. The ABPP’s Battlefield Survey Manual explains the field 

methods employed during this study.1

 The surveys also incorporate the concepts 

recommended in the National Register of Historic Places’ Bulletin 40, Guidelines for 

Identifying, Evaluating, and Registering America’s Historic Battlefields, which was revised 

in 1999. 

Using its refined methodology, the ABPP was able to validate or adjust the CWSAC’s Study 

Area and Core Area boundaries to reflect more accurately the full nature and original 

resources of these battlefields (see Table 2). At both battlefields in Pennsylvania, the 

refined methodology resulted in significant increases in the size of Study Areas, Core 

Areas, or both. However, it is important to note that the Study Area and Core Area 

boundaries are simply historical boundaries that describe where the battle took place; 

neither indicates the current integrity of the battlefield landscape, so neither can be used 

on its own to identify surviving portions of battlefield land that may merit protection and 

preservation (see Figure 2). 

 

 

1

 American Battlefield Protection Program, “Battlefield Survey Manual,” (Washington, DC: National Park Service, revised 2007). 
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 7 

Figure 2: Boundary Definitions 

The Study Area represents the historic extent 

of the battle as it unfolded across the 

landscape. The Study Area contains resources 

known to relate to or contribute to the battle 

event: where troops maneuvered and 

deployed, immediately before and after 

combat, and where they fought during 

combat. Historic accounts, terrain analysis, 

and feature identification inform the 

delineation of the Study Area boundary. The 

Study Area indicates the extent to which 

historic and archeological resources associated 

with the battle (areas of combat, command, 

communications, logistics, medical services, 

etc.) may be found and protected. Surveyors 

delineated Study Area boundaries for every 

battle site that was positively identified 

through research and field survey, regardless 

of its present integrity. 

The Core Area represents the areas of 

fighting on the battlefield. Positions that 

delivered or received fire, and the intervening 

space and terrain between them, fall within 

the Core Area. Frequently described as 

“hallowed ground,” land within the Core 

Area is often the first to be targeted for 

protection. The Core Area lies within the 

Study Area. 

Unlike the Study and Core Areas, which are 

based only upon the interpretation of historic 

events, the Potential National Register 

(PotNR) boundary represents ABPP’s 

assessment of a Study Area’s current integrity 

(the surviving landscape and features that 

convey the site’s historic sense of place). The 

PotNR boundary may include all or some of 

the Study Area, and all or some of the Core 

Area. Lands within PotNR boundaries should 

be considered worthy of further attention, 

although future evaluations may reveal more 

or less integrity than indicated by the ABPP 

surveys. 

Potential National Register 

Boundaries

To address the question of what part of 

the battlefield remains reasonably intact 

and warrants preservation, this study 

introduced a third boundary line that was 

not attempted by the CWSAC: the 

Potential National Register boundary (see 

Figure 2). 

Looking at each Study Area, the surveyors 

assigned PotNR boundaries where they 

judged that enough of the battlefield 

landscape remained to convey the 

significance of the engagement. In a few 

cases, the PotNR boundary encompasses 

the entire Study Area. In most cases, 

however, the PotNR boundary includes 

less land than identified in the full Study 

Area. 

In assigning PotNR boundaries, the ABPP 

followed National Register of Historic 

Places (NRHP) guidelines when identifying 

and mapping areas that retain integrity 

and cohesion within the Study Areas.2

 

However, because the ABPP focuses only 

on areas of battle, the ABPP did not 

evaluate lands adjacent to the Study Area 

that may contribute to a broader 

historical and chronological definition of 

“cultural landscape.” Lands outside of 

the Study Area associated with other 

historic events and cultural practices may 

need to be evaluated in preparation for a 

formal nomination of the cultural 

landscape. 

Most importantly, the PotNR boundary 

does not constitute a formal 

determination of eligibility by the 

Keeper of the National Register of 

Historic Places.

3

 The PotNR boundary is 

designed to be used as a planning tool for 

government agencies and the public. Like 

the Study and Core Area boundaries, the PotNR boundary places no restriction on private 

property use. 

 

2

 For general guidance about integrity issues and National Register properties, see National Park Service, How to Apply the National 

Register Criteria for Evaluation (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, revised 1997). The survey evaluations described 

above do not meet the more stringent integrity standards for National Historic Landmark designation. See National Park Service, 

How to Prepare National Historic Landmark Nominations (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1999), 36-37. 3

 See 36 CFR 60.1-14 for regulations about nominating a property to the National Register and 36 CFR 63 for regulations concerning 

Determinations of Eligibility for inclusion in the National Register.
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 8 

The term integrity, as defined by the NRHP, is “the ability of a property to convey its 

significance.”4

 While assessments of integrity are subjective, battlefields can have integrity 

only if they can be positively located through research and “ground-truthing,” and only if 

significant portions of the landscape’s historic terrain have not been substantially 

disturbed. Other conditions contribute to the degree of integrity a battlefield retains: 

• the quantity and quality of surviving battle-period resources (e.g., 

buildings, roads, fence lines, military structures, and archeological 

features); 

• the quantity and quality of the spatial relationships between and among 

those resources and the intervening terrain that connects them; 

• the extent to which current battlefield land use is similar to battle-period 

land use; and 

• the extent to which a battlefield’s physical features and overall character 

visually communicate an authentic sense of the sweep and setting of the 

battle. 

Natural changes in vegetation—woods growing out of historic farm fields, for example—

do not necessarily diminish the landscape’s integrity. Significant changes in land use since 

the Civil War do affect integrity; the degree to which post-war development has altered 

and fragmented the historic landscape and destroyed historic features is critical when 

assessing integrity. Still, some post-battle development is expected; slight or moderate 

change within the battlefield may not substantially diminish a battlefield’s integrity. 

Often these post-battle “non-contributing” elements are included in the PotNR boundary 

in accordance with National Register of Historic Places guidelines. 

The Potential National Register boundaries therefore indicate which battlefields are likely

eligible for future listing in the NRHP and likely deserving of future preservation efforts. If 

a surveyor determined that a battlefield was entirely compromised by land use 

incompatible with the preservation of historic features (i.e., it has little or no integrity), it 

did not receive a PotNR boundary. 

In cases where a battlefield is already listed in the NRHP, surveyors reassessed the existing 

documentation based on current scholarship and resource integrity, and, when 

appropriate, provided new information and proposed new boundaries as part of the 

surveys. As a result, some PotNR boundaries will contain or share a boundary with lands 

already listed in the NRHP. In other cases, PotNR boundaries will exclude listed lands that 

have lost integrity. (See Tables 3 and 4 for boundary comparisons.)5

The data from which all three boundaries are drawn do not necessarily reflect the full 

research needed for a formal NRHP nomination. Potential National Register boundaries 

are based on an assessment of aboveground historic features associated with the cultural 

 

4

 National Park Service, National Register Bulletin 40, Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating, and Registering America’s Historic 

Battlefields, 1992 , Revised 1999 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources 

Division), http://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/NRB40.pdf. Archeological integrity was not examined during this 

study, but should be considered in future battlefield studies and formal nominations to the National Register. 5

 The ABPP’s surveys and PotNR assessments do not constitute formal action on behalf of the office of the National Register of 

Historic Places. PotNR assessments are intended for planning purposes only; they do not carry the authority to add, change, or

remove an official listing. 
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 9 

and natural landscape. The surveys did not include a professional archeological inventory 

or assessment of subsurface features or indications. In some cases, future archeological 

testing will help determine whether subsurface features remain, whether subsurface battle 

features convey important information about a battle or historic property, and whether 

that information may help to confirm, refine, or refute the boundaries previously 

determined by historic studies and terrain analysis. 

The ABPP survey information should be reassessed during future compliance processes 

such as the Section 106 process required by the National Historic Preservation Act6

 and 

Environmental Impact Statements/Environmental Assessments required by the National 

Environmental Policy Act.7

 Likewise, more detailed research and assessments should take 

place when any battlefield is formally nominated to the NRHP or proposed for designation 

as a National Historic Landmark (NHL). New research and intensive-level surveys of these 

sites will enlighten future preservation and compliance work. Agencies should continue to 

consult local and state experts for up-to-date information about these battlefields. 

While lands within the Gettysburg National Military Park and Gettysburg Battlefield 

Historic District are already listed in the NRHP (see Table 3), the ABPP has identified a 

PotNR boundary within the Gettysburg Study Area that could guide efforts to expand 

existing NRHP boundaries. Based on the ABPP’s evaluation, an additional 21,000 acres 

within the Study Area could be eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. At Hanover, there is 

not enough intact battlefield terrain available to warrant recognition by the National 

Register of Historic Places. 

Questionnaires 

While the ABPP maintains data about its own program activities at Civil War battlefields, 

most preservation work occurs at the local level. Therefore, to carry out the Congressional 

directive for information about activities at the battlefields, the ABPP sought input from 

local battlefield managers and advocacy organizations. The ABPP distributed 

questionnaires designed to gather information about the types of preservation activities 

that have taken place at the battlefields since 1993. The Questionnaire is reproduced in 

Appendix B. 

In Pennsylvania, representatives from four organizations completed and returned the 

questionnaires. Their responses, combined with the survey findings, allowed the ABPP to 

create a profile of conditions and activities at Pennsylvania’s two Civil War battlefields. 

 

6

 16 USC 470f. 

7

 42 USC 4331-4332.
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Summary of Conditions of Pennsylvania’s Civil War Battlefields 

Quantified Land Areas 

Using Geographic Information System (GIS) software, the ABPP calculated the amount of 

land historically associated with the battle (Study Area); the amount of land where forces 

were engaged (Core Area); and the amount of land that may retain enough integrity to be 

eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and that remains to be 

protected (Potential National Register boundary). 

As noted above and as Table 1 illustrates, the Study Areas and Core Areas of Gettysburg 

and Hanover have been established in accordance with the ABPP research and field survey 

methodology. Particular attention was paid to identifying the routes of approach and 

withdrawal associated with each battle, and to identifying areas of secondary action that 

influenced the course or outcome of the battles.8

 The Study Area and Core Area 

boundaries established for each battlefield take these movements and actions into 

account, recognizing the extent to which theses ancillary areas facilitate greater 

understanding of the battle story. Please see the individual battlefield profiles at the end 

of this report for more information about the extent of and reasons for the established 

boundaries.

Table 1. Battlefield Area Statistics 

Battlefield Boundary 

Type Established 

 

 Acres 

Gettysburg (PA002) Study Area 2009 43,522.59

Core Area 2009 8,585.47

PotNR 2009 33,993.87

Hanover (PA001) Study Area 2009 6,179.85

Core Area 2009 789.23

PotNR 2009 0.00

                  

Condition Assessments 

Using field survey data, the ABPP assessed the overall condition of each battlefield’s Study 

Area, finding very different preservation conditions at the two Pennsylvania battlefields. 

At Gettysburg, portions of the landscape have been altered, but most essential features 

remain. Areas of modern intrusion – commercial, residential, and industrial development – 

 

8

 National Register Bulletin 40, Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating, and Registering America’s Historic Battlefields, which is available 

at http://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/NRB40.pdf, offers recommendations regarding “Selecting Defensible 

Boundaries.” While this document indicates that “generally, boundaries should not be drawn to include the portion of the route

taken to the battlefield where there were no encounters,” page 13 of the guidelines also states that “a basic principle is to include 

within the boundary all of the locations where opposing forces, either before, during or after the battle, took actions based on their 

assumption of being in the presence of the enemy.” In the case of Gettysburg, the ABPP has included the extensive system of roads 

used by the armies to carry out reconnaissance, engage in secondary operations, and reinforce positions. These transportation 

routes directly influenced the battle’s outcome and, as such, are included as contributing features within the ABPP's Study Area. In 

accordance with the methodology of this study, lands retaining integrity within the Study Area, including routes, have also been 

included within the PotNR boundary. 
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 11 

are clustered along most of the major roads leading into the town of Gettysburg. The 

Route 30 east corridor has been most changed by new commercial and industrial 

development. This construction has altered the landscape beyond recognition, particularly 

around the Camp Letterman hospital site. From the crossing of Rock Creek east to the 

Route 15 bypass interchange, development has included large multi-story hotels, retail 

plazas, big box stores, and a convention center. A Pella Windows manufacturing plant is 

also located in the area of a known field hospital that is within close proximity to Camp 

Letterman. 

Portions of the battlefield have also been destroyed by residential development. Unlike 

housing built in the area 20 years ago, these new developments are not constructed 

immediately adjacent to the existing roadways. Instead, they sprawl into the surrounding 

farmland, diminishing the integrity of even larger portions of the landscape. In areas 

along Route 34 North to the north and west of Gettysburg, residential development 

detracts from the once rural approach to the battlefield. While the modern road bed 

follows an alignment close to that of the historic road, development on either side of the 

road has become too dense to offer any sense of the historic setting. 

Similar conditions also exist along Baltimore Pike/Route 97. Like many of the axial 

transportation routes leading into the town of Gettysburg, Baltimore Pike still closely 

follows its 1863 alignment, retaining its historic orientation with the town and battlefield. 

However, quarrying activities, along with residential and commercial land use, have 

obliterated much of the surrounding landscape. 

Figure 2. Sprawling development, such as the retail shopping complex pictured, has already destroyed 

portions of Gettysburg battlefield. Photograph by Lisa Rupple, 2005. 
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 12 

Despite this damage to the battlefield landscape, the ABPP determined almost 80 percent 

of the Study Area survives. Within the Gettysburg National Military Park, character 

defining battlefield features are well preserved. Areas of higher elevation, such as Little 

Round Top, provide especially good opportunities for observers to better understand how 

the Pennsylvania terrain dictated military decisions and thereby influenced the course and 

outcome of battle. Since 2000, landscape rehabilitation projects within the park have 

restored features such as vegetation and fencing, which provided cover and concealment 

or functioned as obstruction or setting during the time of battle. These efforts have been 

supported by the Gettysburg Foundation, and also included removal of non-historic 

features. 

In addition to areas protected within the boundaries of the national park, portions of the 

battlefield included within the Gettysburg Historic District also have historic integrity. 

Much of this landscape, which was farmland during the time of battle, retains its rural 

character. In these agricultural areas, field hospitals with intact Civil War era farm 

buildings are still present. The rolling countryside also includes several of the two-lane 

country roads that served as routes of approach and egress to the town of Gettysburg 

before, during, and after the battle. These routes are key to understanding the mass 

movements of the armies converging on Gettysburg and why the town, the hub of so 

many important regional transportation routes, became the meeting place of those 

armies. 

At Hanover, most of the terrain and aboveground battle features have been altered 

beyond recognition during the past 150 years.9

 In the early 1890s, construction of a large 

high school (now used as a performing arts center and office building), destroyed the 

Union artillery position, which was located on a hill north of town. The hilly terrain at Mt. 

Olivet Cemetery – the location of the Confederate artillery position – has not been as 

greatly altered. However, burials made since the time of the battle may have damaged 

the battlefield’s archeological integrity at this location.10 

Within the historic downtown, Hanover’s street grid still follows a pattern similar to its 

1863 configuration and some pre-civil war buildings remain intact. Unfortunately, 

viewsheds that were clear during the time of the battle have been obscured by post-Civil 

War industrial buildings and housing, diminishing the sense of setting and making 

interpretation of troop movements difficult. 

The borough of Hanover has expanded beyond its historic limits, eliminating most of the 

farmland that surrounded the town during the time of the battle. Areas that were 

agricultural during the battle of Hanover have been developed. Most notably, the Forney 

Farm, through which Union and Confederate cavalry fought as the Union infantry 

retreated into the town, has been lost. Without any historic battlefield terrain features to 

anchor interpretive efforts at this location, all that remains to commemorate the cavalry 

action is a walking tour marker next to a Turkey Hill gas station. 

 

9

 The condition of archeological resources within the battlefields was not assessed. Future studies are needed to determine the

degree of archeological integrity associated with subsurface battle deposits. 10 As previously state, assessment of archeological integrity was beyond the scope of ABPP site surveys associated with the report. 
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Table 2. Condition Summary

 Condition Battlefield 

 Land use is little changed (0) N/A 

 

 

Portions of landscape have been altered, but 

most essential features remain (1) Gettysburg (PA002) 

 

 

Much of the landscape has been altered and 

fragmented, leaving some essential features (0) N/A 

 

 

Landscape and terrain have been altered 

beyond recognition (1) Hanover (PA001) 

 

 Battlefields that were not assessed (0) N/A 

 

Registration 

The nation’s official method for recognizing historic properties worthy of preservation is 

listing in the NRHP. Registered battlefields meet national standards for documentation, 

physical integrity, and demonstrable significance to the history of our nation. Federal, 

state, and local agencies use information from the NRHP as a planning tool to identify and 

make decisions about cultural resources. Federal and state laws, most notably Section 106 

of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, require agencies to account for the 

effects their projects (roads, wetland permits, quarrying, cell towers, etc.) may have on 

listed and eligible historic properties, such as battlefields. Listing allows project designers 

to quickly identify the battlefield and avoid or minimize impacts to the landscape. 

Properties listed in the NRHP are also eligible for numerous federal and state historic 

preservation grant programs. Recognition as a registered battlefield may also advance 

public understanding of and appreciation for the battlefield, and may encourage advocacy 

for its preservation.11 

As Table 3 indicates, nearly 13,000 acres of the Gettysburg battlefield and town of 

Gettysburg is already listed in the NRHP. This land includes areas registered in 1966 as 

part of the Gettysburg National Military Park and areas registered in 1975 as the 

Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District. The ABPP’s surveys indicated that additional lands 

of more than 21,000 acres at Gettysburg may be eligible for NRHP listing. The Hanover 

battlefield is not currently listed in the NRHP, and the ABPP did not find sufficient integrity 

to recommend listing. Table 3 compares the number of acres already designated or listed 

with the number of acres that are likely to meet the same criteria, but may not currently 

be part of an existing NRHP, NHL, or NPS boundary. 

 

11 There are three levels of federal recognition for historic properties. Congressional designations, such as national park units, 

National Historic Landmarks, and listings in the National Register of Historic Places. Congress creates national park units. The 

Secretary of the Interior designates National Historic Landmarks (NHL) – nationally significant historic sites – for their exceptional 

value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is 

the nation’s official list of cultural sites significant at the national, state, or local level and worthy of preservation. Historic units of 

the National Park System and NHLs are also listed in the NRHP. 
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Table 3: Acres Registered Compared with Acres Potentially 

Eligible to be Registered

Battlefield Designation PotNR 

Acres

Acres 

Registered 

Acres 

Potentially 

Eligible to be 

Registered

Gettysburg (PA002) NPS 33,993.87 12,867.32 21,126.55

Hanover (PA001) 0.00 0.00 0.00

All Battlefields 33,993.87 6,084.08 21,126.55

Stewardship 

The majority of lands associated with the Study Areas of Gettysburg and Hanover are 

held in private, unprotected ownership. There is no protected land at Hanover, but 

nearly 19 percent of the Gettysburg Study Area is protected through fee simple 

ownership or easement. With the National Park Service owning almost 4,500 acres of land 

and holding easements on almost 600 additional acres, the federal government has been a 

consistent preservation presence since the creation of Gettysburg National Military Park in 

1895. In recent decades, nonprofit groups have provided additional stewardship. The 

Gettysburg Foundation has acquired approximately 170 acres by fee simple purchase, and 

has protected more than 60 additional acres by acquiring protective easements. The 

Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association owns 145 acres of land within the Study 

Area. Finally, more than 2,800 acres of the Gettysburg battlefield have been preserved 

through efforts made by the Lands Conservancy of Adams County – an organization 

incorporated in 1996 to preserve the rural character of the community. 

Public Access and Interpretation 

In its questionnaire (see Appendix B), the ABPP asked battlefield stewards about the types 

of public access and interpretation available at the battlefields. The ABPP did not collect 

information about the purpose or intent of the interpretation and access, such as whether 

development of wayside exhibit was for purely educational reasons, to promote heritage 

tourism, or to boost local economic development. 

The ABPP asked respondents to indicate the type of interpretation available at or about 

the battlefield. The categories included brochures, driving tours, living history 

Table 4. Protective Stewardship of Intact Battlefield Land

Battlefield Permanently 

Protected Acres

PotNR 

Acres

Unprotected, Intact 

Acres Remaining

Gettysburg (PA002) 8,275.26 33,993.87 25,718.61

Hanover (PA001) 0.00 0.00 0.00

All Battlefields 8,275.26 33,993.87 25,718.61
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Final DRAFT – Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 15 

demonstrations, maintained historic features or areas, walking tours and trails, wayside 

exhibits, websites, and other specialized programs. The results indicate that, while public 

interpretation efforts at Hanover have been limited to wayside signage, the National Park 

Service’s management efforts at Gettysburg offer a wide variety of public interpretation 

and educational opportunities. With a new Visitors Center, which opened in 2008, the 

national military park offers a museum gallery with access to the conserved 1884 

Gettysburg Cyclorama painting, a 20-minute educational film, lecture series, ranger-guided 

“battle walks,” and a bookstore among other resources and amenities. 

Figure 3. Although most of the battlefield terrain is lost, a monument and gun replicas at Mt. 

Olivet Cemetery serve to commemorate the battle of Hanover. Photograph by Lisa Rupple, 2005 

Local Advocacy 

Nonprofit organizations play important roles in protecting historic battlefields. They step 

in to preserve historic sites when public funding and management for historic preservation 

are absent. When public funding is available, nonprofits serve as vital partners in publicprivate preservation efforts, acting as conduits for public funds, raising critical private 

matching funds, keeping history and preservation in the public eye, and working with 

landowners to find ways to protect battlefield parcels. 

Unfortunately, the Hanover battlefield does not have a nonprofit group to speak for 

preservation interests. At Gettysburg, however, the Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation 

Association and the Gettysburg Foundation have provided invaluable leadership to 

Pennsylvania’s battlefield preservation community for decades. 

Since 1959, the Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association has served as a conduit for 

transferring battlefield land from private ownership to management by the National Park 

Service. In addition to land preservation activities, the Association also hosts lectures, 
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organizes events and publishes educational materials to promote the significance of the 

Gettysburg battlefield. Similarly, in 1989, the Gettysburg Foundation launched its efforts 

to fund landscape preservation, battlefield terrain rehabilitation, monument conservation, 

artifact curation, and public education at the Gettysburg National Military Park. 

While other organizations with more general historical interests may also play important 

roles in battlefield preservation, the Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association and 

the Gettysburg Foundation are the only known local organizations in Pennsylvania 

dedicated solely to the goals of Civil War battlefield preservation, interpretation, and 

promotion. 
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Battlefield Profile Glossary 

Location County or city in which the battlefield is located. 

Campaign Name of military campaign of which the battle was part. Campaign 

 names are taken from The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the 

 Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 

 

Battle Date(s) Day or days upon which the battle took place, as determined by the 

 Civil War Sites Advisory Commission. 

Principal Commanders Ranking commanders of opposing forces during the battle. 

Forces Engaged Name or description of largest units engaged during the battle. 

Results Indicates battle victor or inconclusive outcome. 

Study Area Acres within the Study Area (see Table 2), as determined by the ABPP, 

 that represent the historic extent of the battle upon the landscape.

Potential National Acres of land that retain historic character and may be eligible for

Register Lands listing in the National Register of Historic Places (see Table 2). 

 

Protected Lands Estimated acres (based on questionnaires and GIS) of battlefield land 

set aside or placed under permanent easement since the Civil War for 

 the purposes of maintaining the historic character of the landscape 

 and for preventing future impairment or destruction of the 

 landscape and historic features. 

Publicly Accessible Estimated acres (based on responses to questionnaires) maintained 

Lands for public visitation. 

 

Management Area Name of historic site, park, or other area maintained for resource 

 protection and/or public visitation.

Friends Group(s) Name of local advocacy organization(s) that support preservation 

 activities at/for the battlefield. 

Preservation Indicates which types of preservation activities have taken place at 

Activities the battlefield since 1993 (based on responses to questionnaires). 

 Since 1993 

 

Public Indicates which types of interpretation/educational activities have 

Interpretation taken place at the battlefield since 1993 (based on 

 Since 1993 responses to questionnaires).

Condition Statement The ABPP’s assessment of the overall condition of the battlefield’s 

 Study Area (based on field surveys and responses to questionnaires). 

Historical Designation Notes the most prestigious historical designation the battlefield has 

 received (i.e. national park unit, National Historic Landmark, or 

 National Register of Historic Places). 

Individual Battlefield Profiles 
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Gettysburg (PA002)

Location Adams County 

Campaign Gettysburg Campaign (June-August 1863) 

Battle Date(s) July 1-3, 1863 

Principal Commanders Maj. Gen. George G. Meade [US]; Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS] 

Forces Engaged Army of the Potomac [US]; Army of Northern Virginia [CS] 

Results Union Victory 

Study Area 43,522.59 acres 

 The Study Area was expanded to include two outlying cavalry 

engagements and corresponding Core Areas. Routes of approach and 

withdrawal were also added to the Study Area to provide greater 

understanding of the town’s role as a transportation hub, and to illustrate 

how this role resulted in the convergence of the two armies and the 

outcome of the battle. Roads added to the Study Area include those used 

by the armies to carry out reconnaissance, engage in secondary 

operations, and reinforce positions. 

Potential National 33,993.87 acres 

Register Lands 

Protected Lands 8,275.26 acres 

 National Park Service, 4,493.29 acres, fee simple 

 Lands Conservancy of Adams County, 2,811.00 acres, easement 

 National Park Service, 592.41acres, easement 

 Gettysburg Foundation, 172.63 acres, fee simple 

 Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association, 145.00 acres, 

fee simple (with easement held by the Lands Conservancy of Adams 

County) 

 Gettysburg Foundation, 60.93 acres, easement 

 

Publicly Accessible Lands 4,775.94 acres 

 National Park Service, Gettysburg National Military Park, 

 4,538.31 acres 

 Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association, Daniel Lady Farm, 

 145.00 acres 

 Gettysburg Foundation, 92.63 acres 

Management Area Gettysburg National Military Park 

Friends Group(s) Gettysburg Foundation (1989) 

 Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Association (1959) 

Preservation Activities 9 Advocacy 

 Since 1993 9 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

9 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

9 Land or Development Rights Purchased 

9 Legislation 

9 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 

 
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Public Interpretation 9 Brochure(s) 

 Since 1993 9 Driving Tour 

9 Living History 

9 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

9 Visitor Center 

9 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs 

9 Website 

 http://www.nps.gov/gett/index.htm

9 Other 

 Audio Tour Tapes, Various Educational Programs, and Events 

Condition Statement Portions of landscape have been altered, but most essential 

features remain. Areas of modern commercial, residential, and 

industrial development are clustered along most of the major 

roads leading into the town of Gettysburg. Despite this damage, 

significant portions of the battlefield have been protected within 

the boundaries of the Gettysburg National Military Park. Outside 

the park boundaries, battlefield land that continues to be used for 

agricultural purposes retains the rural character that typified the 

region at the time of battle. This rural land is both most 

vulnerable to development threats, and most valuable to 

preservation interests. 

Historical Designation National Register of Historic Places (Gettysburg National 

 Military Park, 1966) 

 National Register of Historic Places (Gettysburg Battlefield 

 Historic District, 1975) 
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Hanover (PA001) 

Location York County 

Campaign Gettysburg Campaign (June-August 1863) 

Battle Date(s) June 30, 1863 

Principal Commanders Brig. Gen. Elon J. Farnsworth and Brig. Gen. George A. Custer [US]; 

Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart [CS] 

Forces Engaged 3rd Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac, including 

 Farnsworth’s 1st Brigade and Custer’s 2nd Brigade [US]; Stuart’s 

 Cavalry Division, Army of Northern Virginia [CS] 

Results Inconclusive 

Study Area 6,179.85 acres 

 The Study Area was revised to include routes of approach and withdrawal 

used by Union and Confederate cavalries.

Potential National 0.00 acres 

Register Lands 

Protected Lands 0.00 acres 

Publicly Accessible Lands 0.00 acres 

Management Area None 

Friends Group(s) None

Preservation Activities 9 Advocacy 

 Since 1993 9 Cultural Resource Surveys and Inventories 

9 Fundraising 

9 Interpretation Projects 

 Land or Development Rights Purchased 

 Legislation 

 Planning Projects 

9 Research and Documentation 

 

Public Interpretation 9 Brochure(s) 

 Since 1993 Driving Tour

 Living History 

 Maintained Historic Features/Areas 

 Visitor Center 

9 Walking Tour/Trails 

9 Wayside Exhibits/Signs 

9 Website 

Other 

Condition Statement The landscape and terrain features have been altered beyond 

recognition. Expansion of the town of Hanover has destroyed the 

battlefield terrain that once existed outside the historic town 

limits. Within the town of Hanover, industrial, institutional, and 

residential development has compromised most of the historic 
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urban battlefield landscape and associated viewsheds. While 

there is no potential for significant preservation at this battlefield, 

commemoration would be appropriate. 

Historical Designation None 
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Appendices 

Appendix A. Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 

Public Law 107-359, 111 Stat. 3016, 17 December 2002 

Amends the American Battlefield Protection Program Act of 1996 (16 U.S.C. 469k) 

An Act 

 

To amend the American Battlefield Protection Act of 1996 to authorize the Secretary of the Interior 

to establish a battlefield acquisition grant program. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 

Congress assembled, 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ``Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002''. 

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. 

 (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following 

 (1) Civil War battlefields provide a means for the people of 

 the United States to understand a tragic period in the history 

 of the United States. 

 (2) According to the Report on the Nation's Civil War 

 Battlefields, prepared by the Civil War Sites Advisory 

 Commission, and dated July 1993, of the 384 principal Civil War 

 battlefields-- 

 (A) almost 20 percent are lost or fragmented; 

 (B) 17 percent are in poor condition; and 

 (C) 60 percent have been lost or are in imminent 

 danger of being fragmented by development and lost as 

 coherent historic sites. 

 (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are-- 

 (1) to act quickly and proactively to preserve and protect 

 nationally significant Civil War battlefields through 

 conservation easements and fee-simple purchases of those 

 battlefields from willing sellers; and 

 (2) to create partnerships among State and local 

 governments, regional entities, and the private sector to 

 preserve, conserve, and enhance nationally significant Civil War 

 battlefields. 

SEC. 3. BATTLEFIELD ACQUISITION GRANT PROGRAM. 

The American Battlefield Protection Act of 1996 (16 U.S.C. 469k) is amended-- 

 (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as paragraph (3) of 

 subsection (c), and indenting appropriately; 

 (2) in paragraph (3) of subsection (c) (as redesignated by 

 paragraph (1))-- 

 (A) by striking ``Appropriations'' and inserting 

 ``appropriations''; and 

 (B) by striking ``section'' and inserting 
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 ``subsection''; 

 (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following 

 ``(d) Battlefield Acquisition Grant Program.-- 

 ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection 

 ``(A) Battlefield report.--The term `Battlefield 

 Report' means the document entitled `Report on the 

 Nation's Civil War Battlefields', prepared by the Civil 

 War Sites Advisory Commission, and dated July 1993. 

 ``(B) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 

 means a State or local government. 

 ``(C) Eligible site.--The term `eligible site' means 

 a site-- 

 ``(i) that is not within the exterior 

 boundaries of a unit of the National Park System; 

 and 

 ``(ii) that is identified in the Battlefield 

 Report. 

 ``(D) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the 

 Secretary of the Interior, acting through the American 

 Battlefield Protection Program. 

 ``(2) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a 

 battlefield acquisition grant program under which the Secretary 

 may provide grants to eligible entities to pay the Federal share 

 of the cost of acquiring interests in eligible sites for the 

 preservation and protection of those eligible sites. 

 ``(3) Nonprofit partners.--An eligible entity may acquire an 

 interest in an eligible site using a grant under this subsection 

 in partnership with a nonprofit organization. 

 ``(4) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of the total 

 cost of acquiring an interest in an eligible site under this 

 subsection shall be not less than 50 percent. 

 ``(5) Limitation on land use.--An interest in an eligible 

 site acquired under this subsection shall be subject to section 

 6(f)(3) of the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (16 

 U.S.C. 460l-8(f)(3)). 

 ``(6) Reports.-- 

 ``(A) In general.--Not later than 5 years after the 

 date of the enactment of this subparagraph, the 

 Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 

 activities carried out under this subsection. 

 ``(B) Update of battlefield report.--Not later than 

 2 years after the date of the enactment of this 

 subsection, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a 

 report that updates the Battlefield Report to reflect-- 

 ``(i) preservation activities carried out at 

 the 384 battlefields during the period between 

 publication of the Battlefield Report and the 

 update; 

 ``(ii) changes in the condition of the 

 battlefields during that period; and 

 ``(iii) any other relevant developments 

 relating to the battlefields during that period. 

 ``(7) Authorization of appropriations.-- 

 ``(A) In general.--There are authorized to be 

 appropriated to the Secretary from the Land and Water 

 Conservation Fund to provide grants under this 
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 subsection $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 

 through 2008. 

 ``(B) Update of battlefield report.--There are 

 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 

 out paragraph (6)(B), $500,000.''; and 

 (4) in subsection (e)-- 

 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``as of'' and all 

 that follows through the period and inserting ``on 

 September 30, 2008.''; and 

 (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``and provide 

 battlefield acquisition grants'' after ``studies''. 

-end- 
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Appendix B. Battlefield Questionnaire 

State 

Battlefield 

Person Completing Form 

Date of completion 

I. Protected Lands of the Battlefield (“Protected lands” are these “owned” for historic 

preservation or conservation purposes. Please provide information on land protected since 1993.) 

1) Identify protected lands by parcel since 1993. Then answer these questions about each parcel, 

following example in the chart below. What is the acreage of each parcel? Is parcel owned fee 

simple, by whom? Is there is an easement, if so name easement holder? Was the land purchased or 

the easement conveyed after 1993? What was cost of purchase or easement? What was source of 

funding and the amount that source contributed? Choose from these possible sources: Coin money, 

LWCF, Farm Bill, State Government, Local Government, Private Owner, Private Non-Profit (provide 

name), or Other (describe). 

Parcel Acres Owner Easement Year Cost Source 

Joe Smith Farm 194 Private SHPO 1995 $500,000 LWCF/$250,000 

 Private/$250,000 

Sue Jones Tract 16 Battlefield Friends, Inc. No 2002 $41,000 State/$20,000 

 BFI/$21,000 

2) Other public or non-profit lands within the battlefield? (Y/N) 

• If yes, describe 

• Name of public or non-profit owner or easement holder 

• Number of Acres owned/held 

3) Is the information in a GIS? (Y/N) 

 If yes, may NPS obtain a copy of the data? (Y/N) 
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II. Preservation Groups

1) Is there a formal interested entity (friends group, etc) associated with the battlefield? (Y/N)

 If yes 

 Name 

 Address 

 Phone 

 Fax 

 E-mail 

 Web site? (Y/N) 

 If yes, what is the URL? 

 Does the web site have a preservation message? (Y/N) 

 What year did the group form? 

III. Public Access and Interpretation

1) Does the site have designated Public Access? (Y/N) (Count public roads if there are designated 

interpretive signs or pull-offs) 

If yes, what entity provides the public access (Access may occur on lands owned in fee or under 

 easement to the above entities) 

F Federal government 

F State government 

F Local government 

F Private Nonprofit organization 

F Private owner 

F Other 

Name of entity (if applicable) 

Number of Acres Accessible to the Public (size of the area in which the public may physically visit 

without trespassing. Do not include viewsheds.) 

2) Does the site have interpretation? (Y/N) 

If yes, what type of interpretation is available? 

F Visitor Center 

F Brochure(s) 

F Wayside exhibits 

F Driving Tour 

F Walking Tour 

F Audio tour tapes 

F Maintained historic features/areas 

F Living History 

F Website 

F Other

IV. Registration 

Applies only to the battlefield landscape, not to individual contributing features of a battlefield 

(i.e., the individually listed Dunker Church property of .2 acres does not represent the Antietam 

battlefield for the purposes of this exercise) 

1) Is the site a designated National Historic Landmark? (Y/N) 

 If yes, NHL and ID Number 

2) Is the site listed in the National Register? (Y/N)

 If yes, NRHP Name and ID Number 

3) Is the site listed in the State Register? (Y/N) 

 If yes, State Register Name and ID Number 
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4) Is the site in the State Inventory? (Y/N) 

 If yes, State Inventory Name and ID Number 

5) Is the site designated as a local landmark or historic site? (Y/N) 

 Type of Designation/Listing 

V. Program Activities

What types of preservation program activities have occurred at the battlefield? Provide final 

product name and date if applicable (e.g., Phase I Archeological Survey Report on the Piper Farm, 

1994 and Antietam Preservation Plan, 2001, etc.) 

1) Research and Documentation 

2) Cultural Resource surveys and inventories (building/structure and landscape inventories, 

archeological surveys, landscape surveys, etc.) 

3) Planning Projects (preservation plans, site management plans, cultural landscape reports, etc.) 

4) Interpretation Projects (also includes education) 

5) Advocacy (any project meant to engage the public in a way that would benefit the preservation 

of the site, e.g. PR, lobbying, public outreach, petitioning for action, etc.) 

6) Legislation (any local, state, or federal legislation designed to encourage preservation of the 

battlefield individually or together with other similar sites) 

7) Fundraising 

a. To support program activities? 

b. To support land acquisition/easements? 

8) Other 
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Appendix C. Civil War Battlefield Land Acquisition Grants 

The Civil War Battlefield Preservation Act of 2002 (PL 107-359) amended the American 

Battlefield Protection Act of 1996 (16 USC 469k) to authorize a matching grant program to 

assist States and local communities in acquiring significant Civil War battlefield lands for 

permanent protection. Most recently, Congress showed its continued support for these 

grants through its reauthorization of this program within the Omnibus Public Land 

Management Act of 2009 (PL 111-11). 

Eligible battlefields are those listed in the 1993 Report on the Nation’s Civil War 

Battlefields prepared by the Congressionally-chartered Civil War Sites Advisory Commission 

(CWSAC). Eligible acquisition projects may be for fee interest in land or for a protective 

interest such as a perpetual easement. 

Since 1998, Congress has appropriated a total of $38.9 million for this Civil War Battlefield 

Land Acquisition Grants (CWBLAG) Program. These grants have assisted in the permanent 

protection of more than 15,550 acres at 62 Civil War battlefields in 14 states. While there 

have been no CWBLAG grants awarded in Pennsylvania to date, more than 27,900 acres of 

Gettysburg may be eligible for land acquisition funding from this program. 
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Appendix D. American Battlefield Protection Program Planning Grants 

Since 1992, ABPP has offered annual planning grants to nonprofit organizations, academic 

institutions, and local, regional, state, and tribal governments to help protect battlefields 

located on American soil. Applicants are encouraged to work with partner organizations 

and federal, state, and local government agencies as early as possible to integrate their 

efforts into a larger battle site protection strategy. ABPP has awarded $117,410 to 

Pennsylvania’s Civil War battlefields. 

Grantee Year Project Title Award 

 

Friends of the National 1997 Reevaluation and Revision of the Gettysburg $22,000.00 

Parks at Gettysburg, Inc. National Battlefield Historic District 

 1995 Reevaluation and Revision of the Gettysburg $23,200.00

 National Battlefield Historic District 

 1993 Viewshed Analysis of Gettysburg Battlefield $20,000.00 

 Historic District 

Main Street Gettysburg 1996 Continuation of Wayside Exhibit $19,390.00 

 Project and Economic Impact Study 

 1994 Continuation of Wayside Exhibit Project $17,070.00 

 1993 10 Wayside Exhibits Along the Historic $15,750.00 

 Pathway Linking the Park and the Town 

Total ABPP Planning Grants to Pennsylvania Battlefields as of FY2009 $117,410.00